Aerospace and aviation technology Books

Book SynopsisElectronics in the Evolution of Flight traces the paired history of modern aviation and electronics, or avionics, from its earliest years to the indispensable tool it is today. Albert Helfrick, who for twenty-five years has designed avionics for agencies and corporations such as NASA and Boeing, provides a thorough account of the roles played by the famous and the obscure, from Edwin Howard Armstrong to Nikola Tesla and David Sarnoff, in the successful creation of aviation technology. Helfrick focuses much of his work on the advancement of electronic systems. He explains the origins of technical definitions and acronyms such as Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) and the difference between short waves and microwaves. With an easy familiarity, he reviews topics as varied as the Morse code, the Radio Club of America, and the evolution of microprocessors. Helfrick covers the history of all of the engineering and electronic developments in a style that is accessible to lay readers, but also provides a valuable reference for specialists.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, author Rosalie Schwartz uses the 1933 RKO-Radio Pictures production Flying Down to Rio to examine the interplay of technology and popular culture that shaped a distinctive twentieth-century sensibility. The musical comedy connected airplanes, movies, and tourism, ending spectacularly with chorus girls dancing on the wings of airplanes high above Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Hollywood fantasy capped three decades during which airplanes and movies engendered new expectations and redefined people's sense of well-being, their personal satisfactions, and their interpersonal relations. Wilbur and Orville Wright flew their airplane in 1903, at the same time that film-makers began to project edited, filmed stories onto large screens. Spectators found entertainment value in both airplane competitions and motion pictures, and movie producers brought the thrill of aviators' antics to a rapidly expanding audience. Meanwhile, air shows and competitions attracted large crowds of tourists. Mass tourism grew as a leisure-time activity, stimulated in part by travelogues and feature films. By 1930, the businessmen who envisioned transporting tourists to their destinations by airplane struggled to overcome the movie-exaggerated association of flight with danger. Schwartz weaves these threads into a story of human daring and persistence, political intrigue, and international competition. From Wilbur and Orville to Fred and Ginger, Schwartz's narrative follows the fortunes of aviation and movie pioneers and the foundations and growth of Pan American Airways and RKO-Radio Pictures, the two companies that came together in Flying Down to Rio. By the end of the twentieth century, aviation, movies, and mass tourism had become powerful global industries, contributing to an internationally connected, entertainment-oriented culture. What was once unthinkable had now become expected.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, author Rosalie Schwartz uses the 1933 RKO-Radio Pictures production Flying Down to Rio to examine the interplay of technology and popular culture that shaped a distinctive twentieth-century sensibility. The musical comedy connected airplanes, movies, and tourism, ending spectacularly with chorus girls dancing on the wings of airplanes high above Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Hollywood fantasy capped three decades during which airplanes and movies engendered new expectations and redefined people's sense of well-being, their personal satisfactions, and their interpersonal relations. Wilbur and Orville Wright flew their airplane in 1903, at the same time that film-makers began to project edited, filmed stories onto large screens. Spectators found entertainment value in both airplane competitions and motion pictures, and movie producers brought the thrill of aviators' antics to a rapidly expanding audience. Meanwhile, air shows and competitions attracted large crowds of tourists. Mass tourism grew as a leisure-time activity, stimulated in part by travelogues and feature films. By 1930, the businessmen who envisioned transporting tourists to their destinations by airplane struggled to overcome the movie-exaggerated association of flight with danger. Schwartz weaves these threads into a story of human daring and persistence, political intrigue, and international competition. From Wilbur and Orville to Fred and Ginger, Schwartz's narrative follows the fortunes of aviation and movie pioneers and the foundations and growth of Pan American Airways and RKO-Radio Pictures, the two companies that came together in Flying Down to Rio. By the end of the twentieth century, aviation, movies, and mass tourism had become powerful global industries, contributing to an internationally connected, entertainment-oriented culture. What was once unthinkable had now become expected.

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Book SynopsisIn this definitive study, J. D. Hunley traces the programme’s development from Goddard’s early rockets (and the German V-2 missile) through the Titan IVA and the Space Shuttle, with a focus on space-launch vehicles. Since these rockets often evolved from early missiles, he pays considerable attention to missile technology, not as an end in itself, but as a contributor to launch-vehicle technology.Focusing especially on the engineering culture of the programme, Hunley communicates this very human side of technological development by means of anecdotes, character sketches, and case studies of problems faced by rocket engineers. He shows how such a highly adaptive approach enabled the evolution of a hugely complicated technology that was impressive—but decidedly not rocket science.Unique in its single-volume coverage of the evolution of launch-vehicle technology from 1926 to 1991, this meticulously researched work will inform scholars and engineers interested in the history of technology and innovation, as well as those specialising in the history of space flight.

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Book SynopsisIn May 1961, President Kennedy announced that the United States would attempt to land a man on the moon and return him safely to the earth before the end of that decade. Yet NASA did not have a specific plan for how to accomplish that goal. Over the next fourteen months, NASA vigorously debated several options. At first the consensus was to send one big rocket with several astronauts to the moon, land and explore, and then take off and return the astronauts to earth in the same vehicle. Another idea involved launching several smaller Saturn V rockets into the earth orbit, where a lander would be assembled and fueled before sending the crew to the moon. But it was a small group of engineers led by John C. Houbolt who came up with the plan that propelled human beings to the moon and back—not only safely, but faster, cheaper, and more reliably. Houbolt and his colleagues called it "lunar orbit rendezvous," or "LOR." At first the LOR idea was ignored, then it was criticized, and then finally dismissed by many senior NASA officials. Nevertheless, the group, under Houbolt's leadership, continued to press the LOR idea, arguing that it was the only way to get men to the moon and back by President Kennedy's deadline. Houbolt persisted, risking his career in the face of overwhelming opposition. This is the story of how John Houbolt convinced NASA to adopt the plan that made history.Table of Contents Abbreviations Author's Note Prologue PART I: Beginnings CHAPTER 1: A Young Engineer CHAPTER 2: Evolution of an Agency CHAPTER 3: The Space Task Group CHAPTER 4: Predicting the Future PART II: Ideas CHAPTER 5: From the Earth to the Moon CHAPTER 6: More Committees, Groups, and Panels CHAPTER 7: Parking Orbit CHAPTER 8: Mode Discussions CHAPTER 9: A National Commitment PART III: Debate CHAPTER 10: The "Admiral's Page" and a Letter CHAPTER 11: More Committees, New Issues CHAPTER 12: "All That Nonsense" CHAPTER 13: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back CHAPTER 14: A New Way of Doing Things CHAPTER 15: The Lunar Crasher CHAPTER 16: A Letter From a Crank CHAPTER 17: A Fifth Engine and a New Spacecraft CHAPTER 18: Time for Serious Comparisons CHAPTER 19: Almost There CHAPTER 20: Charlie Frick's Road Show CHAPTER 21: Scratching Backs PART IV: Decision CHAPTER 22: A Surprise Announcement CHAPTER 23: Not There Yet CHAPTER 24: "An Act of Faith and Vision" Epilogue Acknowledgments Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Rocket Lab: Maurice Zucrow, Purdue University, and America's Race to Space focuses on the golden era of space exploration between 1946 and 1966, specifically the life and times of Purdue University's Dr. Maurice J. Zucrow, a pioneering teacher and researcher in aerospace engineering. Zucrow taught America's first university course in jet and rocket propulsion, wrote the field's first textbook, and established the country's first educational Rocket Lab. He was part of a small circle of innovators who transformed Purdue into the country's largest engineering university, which became a cradle of astronauts. Taking a chronological and thematic approach, The Rocket Lab weaves between the local and national, drawing in rival universities, especially Harvard, MIT, Princeton, and Caltech. Also covered is Zucrow's role in the national project system of research and development through World War II and the Cold War. At Aerojet, he was one of the country's original project engineers, dedicated to scientific-technical expertise and the stepwise approach. He made vanguard power plant contributions to the Northrop Flying Wing, as well as the Corporal, Nike, and Atlas missiles, among others. Zucrow's work in propulsion helped to improve the country's arsenal of ballistic missiles and space launchers, and as a teacher, he educated the first generation of aerospace engineers. This book elevates Zucrow and the central role he played in getting the United States to space.

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Book SynopsisThe Rocket Lab: Maurice Zucrow, Purdue University, and America's Race to Space focuses on the golden era of space exploration between 1946 and 1966, specifically the life and times of Purdue University's Dr. Maurice J. Zucrow, a pioneering teacher and researcher in aerospace engineering. Zucrow taught America's first university course in jet and rocket propulsion, wrote the field's first textbook, and established the country's first educational Rocket Lab. He was part of a small circle of innovators who transformed Purdue into the country's largest engineering university, which became a cradle of astronauts. Taking a chronological and thematic approach, The Rocket Lab weaves between the local and national, drawing in rival universities, especially Harvard, MIT, Princeton, and Caltech. Also covered is Zucrow's role in the national project system of research and development through World War II and the Cold War. At Aerojet, he was one of the country's original project engineers, dedicated to scientific-technical expertise and the stepwise approach. He made vanguard power plant contributions to the Northrop Flying Wing, as well as the Corporal, Nike, and Atlas missiles, among others. Zucrow's work in propulsion helped to improve the country's arsenal of ballistic missiles and space launchers, and as a teacher, he educated the first generation of aerospace engineers. This book elevates Zucrow and the central role he played in getting the United States to space.

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Book SynopsisFeaturing more than 600 photos, Photographing America's First Astronauts: Project Mercury Through the Lens of Bill Taub is the most complete photographic account of Project Mercury ever published. Previous Project Mercury books largely have relied on the relatively limited number of photos released by NASA. This book, however, showcases hundreds of never-before-seen images of America's first manned space program by NASA's first staff photographer, Bill Taub. Taub went everywhere with the Mercury astronauts, capturing their daily activities from 1959 to 1963. As a result, his photos provide a unique and intimate behind-the-scenes look at the people and operations of Project Mercury in real time.Drawing on Taub's recently discovered archive of thousands of black-and-white and color prints, slides, and transparencies, this is the first book to comprehensively visually document Project Mercury. No previous book has devoted as many images to each of the Mercury Seven astronauts and their pioneering spaceflights. Other chapters cover astronaut selection and training, NASA management, and facilities at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Each image is accompanied by a detailed caption. The foreword is by legendary NASA Flight Director Eugene Kranz.Table of Contents Foreword by Eugene Kranz Introduction About the Photography Acknowledgments 1. Steps to Space 2. The People of Mercury 3. Alan Shepard/Mercury-Redstone 3 4. Gus Grissom/Mercury-Redstone 4 5. John Glenn/Mercury-Atlas 6 6. Deke Slayton/Destiny Delayed 7. Scott Carpenter/Mercury-Atlas 7 8. Wally Schirra/Mercury-Atlas 8 9. Gordon Cooper/Mercury-Atlas 9 10. Beyond Mercury Abbreviations Bibliography About Bill Taub About the Authors

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Book SynopsisThis volume introduces students and researchers to the fundamental concepts of aeronautics, the science involved with the creation and flying of air flight–capable machines. Written in accessible language, this volume aims to help readers develop a meaningful understanding of this exciting and evolving topic. Aeronautics is the branch of applied science that studies the technical and environmental variables as well as the physics that comprise the ongoing development and history of aeronautics. Throughout history men have dreamed of flying. Depictions of what can only be described as “flying machines” are found in ancient art; many of these have striking similarities to some of the most modern flying machines. This volume presents such subjects as flight principles, aerodynamics, the history of flight, aircraft types, and many others, allowing readers to acquire a sound knowledge base for their understanding of aeronautics in the real world. Entries include a Fields of Study section related to the particular topic; an Abstract that provides a brief, concrete summary of the topic; Key Concepts important to a proper understanding of the topic; a detailed essay that provides an explanation of the background and significance of the topic; and Further Reading lists of up-to-date references that relate to each entry. Entries are arranged alphabetically to make it easy to locate topics. Entries in Principles of Aeronautics range from one to five pages in length. Topics discussed include: Aircraft design Propulsion systems Flight in ancient history and mythology Aircraft types Air transport Military applications Atmospheric effects Composite materials in aeronautics Space applications Fuels Fire suppression and extinguishment Historical events Historical personages and other relevant topics. The volume also includes a number of helpful appendixes, including: A Glossary that defines all of the key specialized terms that are used throughout the book A comprehensive general Bibliography and list of Further Reading entries, comprising the works authors drew upon in composing their entries as well as sources for further study A Subject Index that offers multiple points of entry for readers The amount of material that could be drawn from for the articles in this volume is immense. With approximately only 125 individual essays, this new volume gives readers a solid overview of aeronautics and the major concepts and contemporary issues surrounding the role of aeronautics in the world. An invaluable resource for students at the high school and undergraduate levels, especially those considering careers relevant to aeronautics.

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Book SynopsisThe global aerospace industry plays a vital role in commerce, communications, transportation, and defense. More than just aircraft and aircraft manufacturing, the aerospace industry is composed of original equipment manufacturing (OEM), avionics, electronics, rockets, space vehicles, satellites, and drones. The complex needs for achieving flight also makes the aerospace industry a key contributor to advancements in computing, advanced materials, and construction. Historically the stuff of fantasy, the development of the commercial space and drone industry of today adds a new dimension to the impact of aerospace in everyday life. This carefully researched book covers exciting trends in the business of aerospace, aircraft, satellites and drones. This reference tool includes thorough market analysis as well as our highly respected trends analysis. It contains thousands of contacts for business and industry leaders, industry associations, Internet sites and other resources. This book also includes statistical tables, an industry glossary and thorough indexes. The corporate profiles section of the book includes our proprietary, in-depth profiles of hundreds of leading companies, worldwide, in all facets of the aerospace industry, including private and public firms. Here you'll find complete profiles of the hot companies that are making news today, the largest, most successful corporations in the business. You'll find a complete overview, industry analysis and market research report in one superb, value-priced package.Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1: Major Trends Affecting the Aerospace, Aircraft, Satellites & Drones Industry Chapter 2: Aerospace, Aircraft, Satellites & Drones Industry Statistics Chapter 3: Important Aerospace, Aircraft, Satellites & Drones Contacts Chapter 4: THE AEROSPACE 350Additional Indexes

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Book SynopsisHow the public image of the Soviet cosmonaut was designed and reimagined over timeIn this book, Cathleen Lewis discusses how the public image of the Soviet cosmonaut developed beginning in the 1950s and the ways this icon has been reinterpreted throughout the years and in contemporary Russia. Compiling material and cultural representations of the cosmonaut program, Lewis provides a new perspective on the story of Soviet spaceflight, highlighting how the government has celebrated figures such as Yuri Gagarin and Valentina Tereshkova through newspapers, radio, parades, monuments, museums, films, and even postage stamps and lapel pins.Lewis’s analysis shows that during the Space Race, Nikita Khrushchev mobilized cosmonaut stories and images to symbolize the forward-looking Soviet state and distract from the costs of the Cold War. Public perceptions shifted after the first Soviet spaceflight fatality and failure to reach the Moon, yet cosmonaut imagery was still effective propaganda, evolving through the USSR’s collapse in 1991 and seen today in Vladimir Putin’s government cooperation for a film on the 1985 rescue of the Salyut 7 space station. Looking closely at the process through which Russians continue to reexamine their past, Lewis argues that the cultural memory of spaceflight remains especially potent among other collective Soviet memories.Trade Review“An innovative study of pop culture, memorabilia, propaganda, and hero worship, Cosmonaut brings the Soviet space program to life from inside Soviet society.”—Foreword Reviews

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Book SynopsisAn unprecedented examination of NASA's strong ties to the American South, exploring how the space program and the region have influenced each other over 60 yearsDuring the Cold War, federal funding for the space program transformed the southern United States as NASA built most of its major new facilities in the region and invested heavily in Project Apollo. This volume examines the economic, social, political, and cultural impacts of NASA on the South since the space program was founded in 1958 and explores how the program's strong relationship to the region has affected NASA's organizational culture, technological development, and programmatic goals.Featuring contributions by scholars from a range of backgrounds, including space historians as well as specialists in many other fields, NASA and the American South offers perspectives on how NASA provided a springboard for the complete restructuring of communities that were home to its facilities in Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, New Orleans, and Texas. These changes unsettled previous patterns of life, and the chapters in this volume include assessments of NASA's influence on regional development, tourism, art and architecture, religion, and Black institutions of higher education.Bridging the gap between the history of technology and its geographical and cultural contexts, this book offers an unprecedented reevaluation of the impact of the space program on its surrounding landscape, introducing a new framework for interpreting the agency's legacy.

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Book SynopsisEver since their inception, space activities have been innovative, but not driven by commercial considerations – that is, until the end of the Cold War, when the commercialization of space escalated. As a result, the direction of the innovation changed in order to leverage new business opportunities, which reached a turning point in the 2010s. This book discusses the developmental trends of the world space sector in detail, by analyzing their long-term evolution, and studying why this innovative industry sometimes experiences technological and organizational delays. Innovation Trends in the Space Industry also provides a framework to diagnose more accurately the potential technological threats that are currently faced by existing space tech manufacturers. Moreover, this book, with an economic perspective, provides a close examination of the space sector. It also contributes to enriching innovation management theory by leading us to better understand industry emergence shaped by customers, to reinterpret technological and organizational inertia in high technology activities, and to refine disruptive innovation trends.Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xiii Chapter 1. Theoretical and Empirical Framework 1 1.1. Innovation management: introductory elements 2 1.1.1. Diversity and legitimacy of innovation 3 1.1.2. Typology of innovations 5 1.1.3. Developing product innovations 9 1.1.4. The industry cycle 15 1.2. The space industry 22 1.2.1. Why study the space industry? 23 1.2.2. Sources and level of analysis 24 1.2.3. The boundaries of the space industry 25 1.2.4. Structure of the space industry 28 Chapter 2. The Emergence of Industry: The Influence of Demand 43 2.1. The space industry is in the emerging phase 44 2.1.1. Emergence as an object of study 44 2.1.2. Characterizing emergence 46 2.1.3. Method: sources and measurements 49 2.1.4. Results 53 2.1.5. Discussion 56 2.2. Customers shape the industry dynamics in the emergence phase 57 2.2.1. Theoretical framework 57 2.2.2. Sources 60 2.2.3. Results: influence of customers on the emergence of the space industry 60 2.2.4. Discussion and implications 65 2.3. Demand influences technological change 70 2.3.1. Sources, data and indicators 70 2.3.2. Loss of impetus resulting in technical change 72 2.3.3. Influence of demand on technological change 78 2.3.4. Discussion and conclusion 84 Chapter 3. Slow Adoption of Innovations: A Key Success Factor 87 3.1. Slow adoption of technological innovations: a key success factor 88 3.1.1. Introduction 88 3.1.2. Inertia: a literature review 90 3.1.3. Modeling a strategy of technological inertia based on reliability 94 3.1.4. Research methodology 97 3.1.5. Results 105 3.1.6. Discussion and conclusion 106 3.2. Slow adoption of organizational innovations: a key success factor 109 3.2.1. Introduction 109 3.2.2. Organizational change: a literature review 111 3.2.3. Modeling the organizational inertia strategy 116 3.2.4. Methodology 117 3.2.5. Results 118 3.2.6. Discussion and conclusion 126 Chapter 4. Technological Discontinuities and Strategic Diagnosis 131 4.1. Disruptive innovations and threat analysis 132 4.1.1. Introduction 132 4.1.2. The theory of disruptive innovations 134 4.1.3. Model 139 4.1.4. Methodology 144 4.1.5. Results 145 4.1.6. Discussion 156 4.1.7. Conclusion 158 Conclusion 161 References 169 Index 191

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Book SynopsisPerformance calculations can be classified into three main types: lift, thrust and slope. Firstly, since the lift profile is known and unmodifiable from the time an aircraft is designed, the mass at a given speed or the speed at a given mass must be determined. Then, once the thrust of the engines and the mass are known, the slope must be calculated. Finally, once the slope is known (for example, level flight) as well as the mass, it is necessary to deduce the thrust; this is the position of the throttle control lever that ensures balance. The corresponding consumption must then be defined. Performance specifications for customer aircraft, such as manoeuvrability, fuel consumption, maintenance, safety and testability, have become ever more demanding with each generation of equipment. Major technical advances have been required: wing profiles, engines, materials to reduce mass, etc. This book presents a theoretical approach to flight mechanics that makes it possible to grasp the subject and links it with the empirical approach of manufacturers.Table of ContentsForeword xiSerge ZANINOTTI Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Use of Aerodynamic Forces to Control the Trajectory of an Aircraft 1 1.1 Definitions 1 1.1.1 Lift 3 1.1.2 Drag 4 1.1.3 Equilibrium in horizontal flight 7 1.1.4 Aerodynamic moments8 1.1.5 Center of gravity8 1.1.6 Aerodynamic center9 1.1.7 Center of thrust 10 1.1.8 Centering and stability 10 1.1.9 Lateral stability 11 1.1.10 Turn and roll 11 1.1.11 Load factor 12 1.2 Pitch control 13 1.3 Yaw control 15 1.4 Roll control 17 1.5 The Mach: subsonic, transonic and supersonic speeds 18 Chapter 2 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments and their Derivatives 21 2.1 Definitions 21 2.2 Aerodynamic forces 22 2.2.1 Drag expression 22 2.2.2 Expression of lateral lift24 2.2.3 Expression of lift25 2.3 Aerodynamic moments 25 2.4 Major aerodynamic derivatives26 Chapter 3 Wind Tunnel 27 3.1 Description of wind tunnel tests27 3.2 Stall 28 3.3 Calculation of the maximum stress applied to an aircraft wing in a wind tunnel 30 3.3.1 Definition of the drag coefficient from the flow tables 30 3.3.2 Calculation of the maximum stress applied to an aircraft wing in a wind tunnel 31 Chapter 4 Trihedron 33 4.1 Writing convention 33 4.2 Definitions of trihedrons33 4.2.1 Definition of a trihedron or frame of reference 33 4.2.2 Galilean trihedron34 4.2.3 Absolute trihedron 34 4.2.4 Local geographic trihedron35 4.2.5 Terrestrial trihedron35 4.2.6 Aircraft trihedron35 4.2.7 Aircraft aerodynamic speed trihedron (G, Xvae, Yvae, Zvae) 36 4.2.8 Balance trihedron36 4.3 Change of reference 36 4.4 Relation between trihedra 39 4.4.1 Aircraft trihedron (G, X1, Y1, Z1) with respect to the reference trihedron (G, X0, Y0, Z0) 39 4.4.2 Aerodynamic trihedron of the aircraft (G, Xva, Yva, Zva) with respect to the aircraft trihedron (G, Xe, Ye, Ze) 40 4.5 Relative positions of the various trihedra40 4.5.1 Position of the aircraft trihedron with respect to the local geographical trihedron 40 4.5.2 Position of the aerodynamic trihedron with respect to the terrestrial trihedron 43 4.5.3 Position of the aircraft trihedron in relation to the aerodynamic speed trihedron 46 4.5.4 Position of the aircraft trihedron in relation to the balance trihedron 48 4.5.5 Position of the terrestrial trihedron in relation to the local geographic trihedron 50 Chapter 5 Movement of a Solid 53 5.1 Rotation of a solid around a fixed point 53 5.2 Kinematics of a solid57 5.3 Reference framework60 5.3.1 Absolute reference 60 5.3.2 Relative reference60 5.3.3 Drive movement61 5.3.4 Goal 61 5.3.5 Change of reference framework 61 5.3.6 Change of reference: conclusion and summary 67 5.4 Components of the instantaneous velocity vector of the aircraft reference (O, ie, je, ke)E with respect to the local geographic reference (O, ilgt, jlgt, klgt)LGT in the aircraft reference 70 5.5 Equations of accelerations and forces in the aircraft frame (O, ie, je, ke)E 74 5.6 Determination of load factors in the aircraft reference (O, ie, je, ke)E 77 5.7 Case where the speeds and accelerations are provided at a point other than G77 5.8 Coordinates of the aerodynamic speed in aircraft axes 79 5.9 Equations of moments in the aircraft frame (O, ie, je, ke)E 80 5.10 Forces and moments applied to the aircraft85 5.10.1 Force of gravity85 5.10.2 Forces and moments of propulsion 86 5.10.3 Aerodynamic forces and moments 86 5.10.4 Forces and inertia torques86 Chapter 6 Aircraft Characteristics 87 6.1 Aerodynamics problems posed by aircraft 87 6.1.1 Drag 87 6.1.2 Lift 89 6.1.3 Reynolds number90 6.1.4 Flow velocity 90 6.1.5 Stability of an aircraft 91 6.1.6 Resistance of structures92 6.1.7 Sizing of an aircraft 93 6.2 Load factor 93 6.2.1 Definition of the load factor93 6.2.2 Definition of load factor requirements 93 Chapter 7 Aircraft Simulation Model95 7.1 Simulation model of the atmosphere 96 7.2 Propulsive coefficients 96 7.3 Mass coefficients 96 7.4 Aerodynamic coefficients 97 7.5 Equations of motion 98 7.6 Introduction of wind104 Chapter 8 Processing of Trajectography Information 107 8.1 Telemeasured parameters 107 8.2 Smoothing, first derivation and second derivation 107 8.3 Performance calculation108 8.3.1 Change of coordinates to move from the trihedron (O, Xc, Yc, Zc) to the trihedron (O, X0, Y0, Z0)108 8.3.2 Aircraft speed relative to the ground109 8.3.3 Aerodynamic speed and Mach number 109 8.4 Aerodynamic route and slope 111 8.5 Determination of the angle ψ 114 8.6 Load factors in the aerodynamic trihedron (O, Xa, Yaf, Zr) 114 8.7 Processing of data from the inertial unit (in the aircraft frame) 115 8.7.1 Load factor conversion 116 8.7.2 Calculation of accelerations at the center of gravity 118 8.7.3 Speed conversion118 8.7.4 Calculation of Ψ120 8.7.5 Recomposition of the trajectory 120 8.8 Determination of some aerodynamic parameters 120 8.8.1 Determination of the incidence α and sideslip β 120 8.8.2 Determination of ψac121 8.8.3 Determination of θ 128 8.9 Determination of load factors (nx1, ny1, nz1) in the aircraft trihedron 129 8.10 Determination of CY and Cz 131 8.11 Determination of the total incidence132 8.12 Determination of the longitudinal attitude compared to the local horizontal plane 132 8.13 Determination of drag coefficients 136 8.14 Determination of the pushing force 137 Chapter 9 Quaternion Methods 139 9.1 Goal 139 9.2 Reminder of the axis change formulas using Euler angles 140 9.3 Olinde-Rodrigues’s formulas: definition of quaternions 140 Glossary 161 List of Abbreviations 165 References 169 Index 171

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Book SynopsisIn the field of aeronautical dynamics, this book offers readers a design tool which enables them to solve the different problems that can occur during the planning stage of a private project. The authors present a system for the modeling, design and calculation of the flying qualities of airplanes and drones, with a complete mathematical model by Matlab/Simulink. As such, this book may be useful for design engineers as well as for keen airplane amateurs. The authors expound the various phases involved in the design process of an airplane, starting with the formulation of a design tool, under the form of a 0D mathematical model (dimensionless, time dependent), before moving on to explore the behavior of the airplane under certain circumstances and offering insights into the optimization of airplane flying qualities. As validation of this model, they present a numerical result, drawn from data collected on an existing plane – the Concorde. The dimensional process is then explored and applied to a realistic drone project. Recommendations on the development of the principal characteristics of the plane (i.e. mass distribution, air load, wing span) are given. Contents 1. 0D Analytical Modeling of theAirplane Motions. 2. Design and Optimizationof an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). 3. Organization of the Auto-Pilot. This book provides a description of the modeling, design, and calculation of the aeronautical qualities of airplanes and drones. Divided into several parts, this book first summarizes all the necessary theoretical developments about the equations of motions and trajectory calculations of the machine. It then goes on to describe practical building processes and considers piloting methods. The last part makes a comparison between theoretical calculations and measured recorded data of the real flying machine. Accompanied by a complete mathematical model in MATLAB/SIMULINKTable of ContentsIntroduction vii Chapter 1. 0D Analytical Modeling of the Airplane Motions 1 1.1. References: axis systems on use 2 1.1.1. Galilean reference: R0 2 1.1.2. Airplane reference: RB (body) also called “linked reference” 2 1.1.3. Resultant angular velocity 6 1.2. Equations of motion of the airplane 9 1.2.1. Expression of Newton’s principle 10 1.2.2. Expression of the dynamic momentum 11 1.3. Description of external forces and torques 14 1.3.1. Aerodynamic forces and torques 14 1.3.2. Sign rules 17 1.4. Description of aerodynamic coefficients 18 1.4.1. Drag coefficient: Cx 19 1.4.2. Side lift coefficient CY 19 1.4.3. Vertical lift due to attack angle: CZα 20 1.4.4. Lift due to pitch angular velocity: CZq 21 1.4.5. Roll coefficients (due to β, δl , p) 22 1.4.6. Pitch coefficients (due to α, δm , q , static curvature) 25 1.4.7. Yaw coefficients (due to β, δn, r) 27 1.5. Aerodynamic data of a supersonic airliner for valuation of the software 32 1.6. Horizontal flight as an initial condition 33 1.7. Effect of gravitational forces 36 1.8. Calculation of the trajectory of the airplane in open space 39 1.9. Validation by comparison with ONERA Concorde data 47 1.10. Definitions of aerodynamic coefficients and derivatives 51 1.10.1. Aerodynamic coefficients 51 1.10.2. Total lift coefficient 51 1.10.3. Drag characteristics: (dimensionless) 55 1.10.4. Side lift coefficient: CY (dimensionless) 58 1.10.5. Roll coefficients 59 1.10.6. Pitch coefficients 62 1.10.7. Yaw coefficients 66 Chapter 2. Design and Optimization of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) 69 2.1. General design of the drone 71 2.2. Weight estimation 72 2.3. Size estimation 73 2.4. Mass and inertia evaluation 76 2.4.1. Mass evaluation 76 2.4.2. Measurement of the roll inertia (A) 77 2.4.3. Measurement of pitch inertia (B) 79 2.4.4. Measurement of yaw inertia (C) 80 2.5. Convergence toward the target 82 Chapter 3. Organization of the Auto-Pilot 91 3.1. Position of the drone in open space 93 3.2. The Dog Law 95 3.3. Flight tests 98 3.4. Altitude control system 100 3.5. Altitude measurement on an actual drone 102 Bibliography 111 Index 113

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with air-ground aeronautical communications. The main goal is to give the reader a survey of the currently deployed, emerging and future communications systems dedicated to digital data communications between the aircraft and the ground, namely the data link. Those communication systems show specific properties relatively to those commonly used for terrestrial communications. In this book, the system architectures are more specifically considered from the access to the application layers as radio and physical functionalities have already been addressed in detail in others books. The first part is an introduction to aeronautical communications, their specific concepts, properties, requirements and terminology. The second part presents the currently used systems for air ground communications in continental and oceanic area. The third part enlightens the reader on the emerging and future communication systems and some leading research projects focused on this scope. Finally, before the conclusion, the fourth part gives several main challenges and research directions currently under investigation.Table of ContentsFOREWORD ix INTRODUCTION xiii CHAPTER 1. CURRENT COMMUNICATION RADIO SYSTEMS FOR DATA LINK 1 1.1. History and definition 1 1.1.1. From voice to data link 1 1.1.2. Communication traffic classes 3 1.1.3. Main actors and organizations 5 1.2. Systems architecture 8 1.2.1. ACARS 8 1.2.2. FANS 1/A 11 1.2.3. ATN baseline 1 and FANS 2/B 13 1.3. Radio subnetworks for air–ground communications 21 1.3.1. Radio resource management 21 1.3.2. VHF communications 25 1.3.3. SATCOM 34 1.3.4. HF communications 44 CHAPTER 2. EMERGING AND FUTURE COMMUNICATION RADIO SYSTEMS FOR DATA LINK 49 2.1. Data link related research projects 49 2.1.1. Topics of interest 49 2.1.2. European project: SESAR 52 2.1.3. North American project: NextGen 55 2.1.4. Designing emerging communication systems for data link (for both SESAR WP and NextGen technologies) 56 2.2. Emerging communication systems 57 2.2.1. Integrated end-to-end communication architecture 57 2.2.2. Future aeronautical communication systems 59 CHAPTER 3. CHALLENGES AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS 79 3.1. Sharing information: the SWIM concept 79 3.1.1. Why does ATM need SWIM? 79 3.1.2. SWIM principles 81 3.1.3. SWIM technical components 81 3.2. Multilink operational concept 83 3.2.1. Multilink operational concept requirements 83 3.2.2. Vertical handover in MLOC 84 3.3. IP mobility 87 3.3.1. IP mobility requirements for the FCI 88 3.3.2. IP mobility candidate solutions 88 3.3.3. IP mobility: open issues 89 3.4. Traffic segregation 90 3.4.1. Context 90 3.4.2. Traffic segregation and priority management strategies 91 3.4.3. Certification issues for multiplexing solutions (from a safety point of view) 93 3.5. Aeronautical network communications security 94 3.5.1. Levels of deployment for security mechanisms 95 3.5.2. Security controls coordination 98 3.6. Future aeronautical communication means: AANET (Aeronautical Ad Hoc Network) 100 3.6.1. AANET-based air/ground communications 100 3.6.2. AANET principles and properties 101 3.6.3. AANET access layer considerations 104 3.6.4. AANET communications performances 106 CONCLUSION 109 APPENDIX 113 BIBLIOGRAPHY 121 INDEX 127

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Book SynopsisAir Traffic Management involves many different services such as Airspace Management, Air Traffic Flow Management and Air Traffic Control. Many optimization problems arise from these topics and they generally involve different kinds of variables, constraints, uncertainties. Metaheuristics are often good candidates to solve these problems. The book models various complex Air Traffic Management problems such as airport taxiing, departure slot allocation, en route conflict resolution, airspace and route design. The authors detail the operational context and state of art for each problem. They introduce different approaches using metaheuristics to solve these problems and when possible, compare their performances to existing approachesTable of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. The Context of Air Traffic Management 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Vocabulary and units 2 1.3. Missions and actors of the air traffic management system 3 1.4. Visual flight rules and instrumental flight rules 4 1.5. Airspace classes 4 1.6. Airspace organization and management 5 1.6.1. Flight information regions and functional airspace blocks 5 1.6.2. Lower and upper airspace 6 1.6.3. Controlled airspace: en route, approach or airport control 7 1.6.4. Air route network and airspace sectoring 7 1.7. Traffic separation 9 1.7.1. Separation standard, loss of separation 9 1.7.2. Conflict detection and resolution 11 1.7.3. The distribution of tasks among controllers 12 1.7.4. The controller tools 12 1.8. Traffic regulation 13 1.8.1. Capacity and demand 13 1.8.2. Workload and air traffic control complexity 15 1.9. Airspace management in en route air traffic control centers 16 1.9.1. Operating air traffic control sectors in real time 16 1.9.2. Anticipating sector openings (France and Europe) 17 1.10. Air traffic flow management 19 1.11. Research in air traffic management 20 1.11.1. The international context 20 1.11.2. Research topics 21 Chapter 2. Air Route Optimization 23 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. 2D-route network 24 2.2.1. Optimal positioning of nodes and edges using geometric algorithms 24 2.2.2. Node positioning, with fixed topology, using a simulated annealing or a particle swarm optimization algorithm 28 2.2.3. Defining 2D-corridors with a clustering method and a genetic algorithm 29 2.3. A network of separate 3D-tubes for the main traffic flows 31 2.3.1. A simplified 3D-trajectory model 31 2.3.2. Problem formulations and possible strategies 34 2.3.3. An A∗ algorithm for the “1 versus n” problem 35 2.3.4. A hybrid evolutionary algorithm for the global problem 41 2.3.5. Results on a toy problem, with the simplified 3D-trajectory model 50 2.3.6. Application to real data, using a more realistic 3D-tube model 57 2.4. Conclusion on air route optimization 66 Chapter 3. Airspace Management 69 3.1. Airspace sector design 70 3.2. Functional airspace block definition 71 3.2.1. Simulated annealing algorithm 73 3.2.2. Ant colony algorithm 73 3.2.3. A fusion–fission method 73 3.2.4. Comparison of fusion–fission and classical graph partitioning methods 74 3.3. Prediction of air traffic control sector openings 74 3.3.1. Problem difficulty and possible approaches 78 3.3.2. Using a genetic algorithm 78 3.3.3. Tree-search methods, constraint programming 79 3.3.4. A neural network for workload prediction 80 3.3.5. Conclusion on the prediction of sector openings 83 Chapter 4. Departure Slot Allocation 85 4.1. Introduction 85 4.2. Context and related works 86 4.2.1. Ground holding 86 4.3. Conflict-free slot allocation 87 4.3.1. Conflict detection 88 4.3.2. Sliding forecast time window 90 4.3.3. Evolutionary algorithm 91 4.4. Results 95 4.4.1. Evolution of the problem size 95 4.4.2. Numerical results 96 4.5. Concluding remarks 98 Chapter 5. Airport Traffic Management 101 5.1. Introduction 101 5.1.1. Airports’ main challenges 101 5.1.2. Known difficulties 102 5.1.3. Optimization problems in airport traffic management 103 5.2. Gate assignment 103 5.2.1. Problem description 103 5.2.2. Resolution methods 104 5.3. Runway scheduling 106 5.3.1. Problem description 106 5.3.2. An example of problem formulation 108 5.3.3. Resolution methods 109 5.4. Surface routing 111 5.4.1. Problem description 111 5.4.2. Related work 112 5.5. Global airport traffic optimization 115 5.5.1. Problem description 115 5.5.2. Coordination scheme between the different predictive systems 116 5.5.3. Simulation results 117 5.6. Conclusion 121 Chapter 6. Conflict Detection and Resolution 123 6.1. Introduction 123 6.2. Conflict resolution complexity 125 6.3. Free-flight approaches 128 6.3.1. Reactive techniques 129 6.3.2. Iterative approach 129 6.3.3. An example of reactive approach: neural network trained by evolutionary algorithms 130 6.3.4. A limit to autonomous approaches: the speed constraint 137 6.4. Iterative approaches 138 6.5. Global approaches 138 6.6. A global approach using evolutionary computation 140 6.6.1. Maneuver modeling 140 6.6.2. Uncertainty modeling 141 6.6.3. Real-time management 142 6.6.4. Evolutionary algorithm implementation 144 6.6.5. Alternative modeling 151 6.6.6. One-day traffic statistics 152 6.6.7. Introducing automation in the existing system 153 6.7. A global approach using ant colony optimization 155 6.7.1. Problem modeling 155 6.7.2. Algorithm description 156 6.7.3. Algorithm improvement: constraint relaxation 159 6.7.4. Results 160 6.7.5. Conclusion and further work 160 6.8. A new framework for comparing approaches 163 6.8.1. Introduction 163 6.8.2. Trajectory prediction model 163 6.8.3. Conflict detection 168 6.8.4. Benchmark generation 169 6.8.5. Conflict resolution 170 6.9. Conclusion 177 Conclusion 179 Bibliography 181 Index 193

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first of a series of volumes that cover the topic of aerospace actuators following a systems-based approach. This first volume provides general information on actuators and their reliability, and focuses on hydraulically supplied actuators. Emphasis is put on hydraulic power actuators as a technology that is used extensively for all aircraft, including newer aircraft. Currently, takeovers by major corporations of smaller companies in this field is threatening the expertise of aerospace hydraulics and has inevitably led to a loss of expertise. Further removal of hydraulics teaching in engineering degrees means there is a need to capitalize efforts in this field in order to move it forward as a means of providing safer, greener, cheaper and faster aerospace services. The topics covered in this set of books constitute a significant source of information for individuals and engineers seeking to learn more about aerospace hydraulics.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Notations and Acronyms xiii Chapter 1. General Considerations 1 1.1. Power transmission in aircraft 1 1.1.1. Needs and requirements for secondary power and power flows 1 1.1.2. Actuation functions 2 1.1.3. Actuation needs and constraints 5 1.2. Primary and secondary power transmission functions for actuators 8 1.2.1. Primary functions 10 1.2.2. Secondary functions 12 1.2.3. Signal approach and power approach 13 1.2.4. Types of actuators 14 1.3. Hydraulic power actuation 16 1.3.1. Units and reference values 16 1.3.2. Energy transport by a liquid 18 1.3.3. Historical evolution of power and pressure use 22 1.3.4. Potential advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic technology 27 1.3.5. Overall hydraulic circuit architecture 31 Chapter 2. Reliability 33 2.1. Risks and risk acceptance 33 2.2. Response to failure 36 2.2.1. Resistance to failure 37 2.2.2. Tolerance to failure 38 2.2.3. Examples 40 2.3. Redundancy 40 2.3.1. Static redundancy 44 2.3.2. Dynamic redundancy 48 2.4. Feared events and failure rates in actuation 51 2.5. Fundamentals of reliability calculation 52 2.5.1. Variables used in reliability calculation 52 2.5.2. Generic failure rate models 55 2.5.3. Reliability of element associations 57 2.6. Short glossary of technical terms pertaining to reliability 60 Chapter 3. Hydraulic Fluid and its Conditioning 63 3.1. Needs and constraints 63 3.1.1. Opportunities and constraints in hydrostatic power transmission 63 3.1.2. Actual hydraulic fluid 64 3.1.3. Physical properties 66 3.2. Fluid conditioning 68 3.2.1. Fluid in sufficient quantity 68 3.2.2. Pressurization and charging 70 3.2.3. Filtration 73 3.2.4. Thermal management 76 3.2.5. External leakage collection 81 3.3. Monitoring and maintaining the fluid in working conditions 81 3.3.1. Fluid quantity 82 3.3.2. Cleanliness 82 3.3.3. Pressurization – depressurization 83 3.3.4. Examples 83 3.4. Energy phenomena caused by the fluid 84 3.4.1. Hydraulic resistance 84 3.4.2. Hydraulic capacitance 84 3.4.3. Hydraulic inertia 87 3.4.4. Speed of sound in the hydraulic fluid 87 Chapter 4. Hydromechanical Power Transformation 89 4.1. Hydromechanical power transformation 89 4.2. Functional perspective 94 4.3. Technological shortcomings 95 4.3.1. Energy losses 96 4.3.2. Compressibility of the hydraulic fluid 97 4.3.3. Wall deformation 97 4.3.4. Pulsations 97 4.3.5. Drainage 99 4.4. Pump driving 100 4.4.1. Driving performed by main engines: Engine Driven Pump (EDP) 100 4.4.2. Driving performed by an electric motor: Electro Mechanical Pump (EMP) or Alternative Current Motor Pump (ACMP) 102 4.4.3. Driving performed by a hydraulic motor: Power Transfer Unit (PTU) 102 4.4.4. Dynamic air driving: Ram Air Turbine (RAT) or Air Driven Pump (ADP) 104 4.4.5. Driving performed by a gas turbine: Solid Propellant Gas Generator (SPGG) or Monofuel Emergency Power Unit (MEPU) 104 4.4.6. Fluid supply under pressure 105 Chapter 5. Power Metering in Hydraulics 107 5.1. Power metering principles 107 5.2. Power-on-Demand 110 5.2.1. Metering by pump drive adjustment 110 5.2.2. Metering by displacement adjustment 111 5.3. Metering by hydraulic restriction 114 5.3.1. Functional configuration 115 5.3.2. Types of distribution 120 5.4. Impact of restriction configuration and properties on the metering function 122 5.4.1. Fixed hydraulic restriction 122 5.4.2. Variable hydraulic restriction 125 5.5. Servovalves 139 5.5.1. Architecture 139 5.5.2. Incremental improvements of servovalve performances 143 5.5.3. Power supply of the electromagnetic motor 145 5.5.4. Concepts of pilot stages 145 5.5.5. Direct drive valve 151 Chapter 6. Power Management in Hydraulics 157 6.1. Power distribution 157 6.2. Providing power 157 6.2.1. Transporting fluid 157 6.2.2. Isolating 162 6.2.3. Sequencing user power supplies 165 6.2.4. Merging sources 165 6.2.5. Sharing sources 166 6.2.6. Storing/restoring energy 168 6.2.7. Adjusting the pressure level 171 6.3. Protecting 172 6.3.1. Protecting against overpressure/overload 173 6.3.2. Protecting against cavitation and desorption 176 6.3.3. Protecting against over-consumptions 178 6.4. Managing the load 180 6.4.1. Locking the load in position 180 6.4.2. Ensuring irreversibility 181 6.4.3. Releasing the load 182 6.4.4. Damping the load 183 Chapter 7. Architectures and Geometric Integration of Hydraulically-supplied Actuators 189 7.1. Introduction 189 7.2. Arrangement of actuation functions 190 7.3. Architecture and routing of hydraulic power networks 191 7.3.1. Architecture 191 7.3.2. Routing 193 7.4. Integration of components and equipment 193 7.4.1. In-line integration 194 7.4.2. Manifold integration 194 7.4.3. Sub-system integration 197 7.5. Integration of actuators in the airframe 200 7.5.1. Controls 200 7.5.2. Structural integration 203 Bibliography 209 Index 219

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Book SynopsisThis book is the second in a series of volumes which cover the topic of aerospace actuators following a systems-based approach.This second volume brings an original, functional and architectural vision to more electric aerospace actuators. The aspects of signal (Signal-by-Wire) and power (Power-by-Wire) are treated from the point of view of needs, their evolution throughout history, and operational solutions that are in service or in development. This volume is based on an extensive bibliography, numerous supporting examples and orders of magnitude which refer to flight controls and landing gear for various aircraft (fixed or rotorwing, launchers) in commercial, private and military applications. The topics covered in this set of books constitute a significant source of information for individuals and engineers from a variety of disciplines, seeking to learn more about aerospace actuation systems and components. Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Electrically Signaled Actuators (Signal-by-Wire) 1 1.1. Evolution towards SbW through the example of the flight controls 2 1.1.1. Military applications 2 1.1.2. Commercial aircraft 3 1.1.3. Helicopters and compound helicopters 5 1.2. Incremental evolution from all mechanical to all electrical 9 1.2.1. Exclusively mechanical signaling 9 1.2.2. Fly-by-Wire 18 1.3. Challenges associated with electrical signaling 22 1.3.1. Electrical interfaces 22 1.3.2. Evolution of the control and information transmission architectures 30 1.3.3. Reliability and backup channels 32 1.4. The example of landing gears 35 Chapter 2. Signal-by-Wire Architectures and Communication 39 2.1. Architectures 40 2.1.1. Federated architectures 40 2.1.2. Integrated modular architectures 41 2.2. Data transmission 43 2.2.1. CAN 45 2.2.2. RS422 and RS485 46 2.2.3. ARINC 429 46 2.2.4. MIL-STD-1553B 48 2.2.5. ARINC 629 48 2.2.6. AS-5643/IEEE-1394b 49 2.2.7. AFDX (ARINC 664 Part 7) 50 2.2.8. Triggered time protocol (TTP/C) 52 2.3. Evolutions in data transmission 53 2.3.1. Power over data and power line communication 54 2.3.2. Optical data transmission (Signal-by-Light or SbL) 55 2.3.3. Wireless data transmission (Signal-by-WireLess or SbWL) 58 Chapter 3. Power-by-Wire 59 3.1. Disadvantages of hydraulic power transmission 60 3.1.1. Power capacity of hydraulic pumps 61 3.1.2. Hydraulic pump efficiency 61 3.1.3. Centralized power generation 62 3.1.4. Power transmission by mass transfer 62 3.1.5. Control of power by energy dissipation 63 3.2. Electrical power versus hydraulic power 64 3.3. Improving hydraulically supplied solutions 68 3.3.1. Reduction of energy losses in actuators 68 3.3.2. Increased network power density 70 3.3.3. Other concepts 70 3.4. Concepts combining hydraulics and electrics 71 3.4.1. Local electro-hydraulic generation 71 3.4.2. Electro-hydrostatic actuators 73 3.5. All electric actuation (hydraulic-less) 81 3.5.1. Principle of the electro-mechanical actuator 81 Chapter 4. Electric Power Transmission and Control 83 4.1. Electric power transportation to PbW actuators 83 4.1.1. Form 84 4.1.2. Voltage and current levels 85 4.2. Electric motors 91 4.2.1. Elementary electric machines 91 4.2.2. Conversion of electrical power into mechanical power 95 4.3. Power conversion, control and management 98 4.3.1. Electric power system of a PbW actuator 98 4.3.2. Principle and interest of static switches 100 4.3.3. Groups of switches: commutation cell, chopper and inverter 103 4.3.4. Inverter command 105 4.3.5. The power architecture of a PbW actuator 113 4.4. Induced, undergone or exploited effects 115 4.4.1. Dynamics in presence 115 4.4.2. Torque ripple 118 4.4.3. Energy losses 119 4.4.4. Impact of concepts and architectures on performances 124 4.4.5. Reliability 127 4.5. Integration 130 4.5.1. Overall integration of the actuator 130 4.5.2. Cooling 133 4.5.3. Mechanical architecture of motor control/power electronic units . 135 Chapter 5. Electro-hydrostatic Actuators 139 5.1. Historical background and maturing of EHAs 139 5.1.1. PbW actuators with variable displacement pump (EHA-VD) 139 5.1.2. Fixed displacement and variable speed EHA actuators 145 5.2. EHA in service and feedback 159 5.3. EHA specificities 161 5.3.1. Pumps 161 5.3.2. Filling and charging 163 5.3.3. Dynamic increase of mean pressure (pump-up) 164 5.3.4. Energy losses and thermal equilibrium 164 5.3.5. Dissymmetry 168 5.3.6. Control 169 Chapter 6. Electro-mechanical Actuators 171 6.1. Development and operation of electromechanical actuators 172 6.1.1. Space launchers 173 6.1.2. Flight controls 179 6.1.3. Landing gears 185 6.1.4. Helicopters 191 6.1.5. Application to engines 194 6.2. Specificities of EMAs 195 6.2.1. Power architectures 196 6.2.2. Power management functions 203 6.2.3. Jamming 206 6.2.4. Breakage 212 6.2.5. Thermal equilibrium 214 6.2.6. Control 214 6.2.7. Further considerations 217 Bibliography 219 Notations and Acronyms 235 Index 245

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Book SynopsisThis book is the third in a series dedicated to aerospace actuators. It uses the contributions of the first two volumes to conduct case studies on actuation for flight controls, landing gear and engines. The actuation systems are seen in several aspects: signal and power architectures, generation and distribution of hydraulic or mechanical power, control and reliability, and evolution towards more electrical systems. The first three chapters are dedicated to the European commercial airplanes that marked their era: Caravelle, Concorde, Airbus A320 and Airbus A380. The final chapter deals with the flight controls of the Boeing V-22 and AgustaWestland AW609 tiltrotor aircraft. These address concerns that also apply to electromechanical actuators, which should be fitted on more electrical aircraft in the future. The topics covered in this series of books constitute a significant source of information for individuals and engineers from a variety of disciplines, seeking to learn more about aerospace actuation systems and components.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix List of Acronyms xiii Chapter 1 European Commercial Aircraft before the Airbus A320 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Caravelle and irreversible primary flight servocontrols 2 1.2.1 Servodyne servocontrol 4 1.2.2 Artificial feel of load 9 1.2.3 Hydraulic power generation 11 1.3 The Concorde and flight controls with analog electrical signals and controllers 14 1.3.1 General architecture of flight controls 16 1.3.2 Operation modes 19 1.3.3 Closed-loop analog electrical control 20 1.3.4 Relay jack and PFCU 22 1.3.5 Artificial feel 25 1.3.6 Hydraulic power generation 28 Chapter 2 Airbus A320 and Electrically Signaled Actuators 31 2.1 Airbus A320 or Signal-by-Wire with digital computers 31 2.2 Flight controls 32 2.2.1 General concepts 33 2.2.2 Architectures and redundancies 34 2.2.3 Actuators 38 2.3 Landing gears 59 2.3.1 Braking 59 2.3.2 Auxiliary landing gear steering 63 2.4 Hydraulic system architecture 66 2.5 Hydraulic pumps 69 2.5.1 Engine-driven pump (EDP) 73 2.5.2 Electric motor pump (EMP) 76 2.5.3 Reversible power transfer unit (PTU) 77 2.5.4 Ram air turbine (RAT) 78 Chapter 3 Airbus A380 79 3.1 Introduction 79 3.1.1 A need for high-capacity long-range aircraft 80 3.1.2 Actuation need 81 3.1.3 Innovative architectures and technologies 83 3.2 Data transmission and processing 85 3.3 Power generation and distribution 89 3.3.1 2H-2E architecture 89 3.3.2 Hydraulic power generation 91 3.4 Flight controls 96 3.4.1 Topology 96 3.4.2 Displacement control for the actuators of slats and flaps 102 3.4.3 Electrohydrostatic actuators 107 3.4.4 Trimmable horizontal stabilizer actuator 111 3.5 Landing gears 116 3.5.1 Topology 116 3.5.2 Signal considerations 117 3.5.3 Power considerations 117 3.5.4 Extension/retraction 119 3.5.5 Steering 119 3.5.6 Braking 123 3.6 Thrust reversers 126 3.6.1 Locking in stowed configuration 129 3.7 Subsequent programs 130 Chapter 4 V-22 and AW609 Tiltrotors 133 4.1 V-22 Osprey military tiltrotor 134 4.1.1 Overall architecture of flight controls 135 4.1.2 Hydraulic power generation architecture 139 4.1.3 Control architecture of flight control actuators 140 4.1.4 Control surface actuators 141 4.1.5 Swashplate actuators 143 4.1.6 Pylon conversion actuators 146 4.2 AW609 civil tiltrotor 161 4.2.1 Overall architecture of flight controls 162 4.2.2 Hydraulic power architecture 164 4.2.3 Power architecture of electrohydraulic actuators 165 4.2.4 Pylon conversion actuators 171 4.3 Comparison of the pylon conversion actuator approaches for the V-22 and AW609 182 Bibliography 185 Index 193

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Book SynopsisAircraft Conceptual Design Synthesis means design by fitness-for-purpose. Design engineers can jump off from the point of given parameters and requirements – required performance, payloads and other factors. This is the first book for the aeronautical designer devoted to guiding the reader through this highly effective conceptual design synthesis process. This forms the procedure for the initial stage of the aircraft design process – the interpretation of a requirement into the preliminary layout. A logical design sequence is developed utilizing original modules to represent propulsion, lift, drag, mass, and performance. Aircraft Conceptual Design Synthesis includes a disk of spreadsheets that provides core data. Unlike existing approaches, the design synthesis method can be applied to novel aircraft concepts. CONTENTS INCLUDE The design process Aircraft configuration Flight regime and powerplant considerations Fuselage layout Configuration of the wing Basic lift, drag and mass representations Performance estimation Parametric analysis and optimisation Analysis of concept design “This is an important landmark book and in my view will become a standard by which others will be compared” – Dr E C P Ransom, Kingston University, UKTable of ContentsNotation. Preface. Chapter 1. The design process. Chapter 2. Aircraft configuration. Chapter 3. Flight regime and powerplant considerations. Chapter 4. Fuselage layout. Chapter 5. Configuration of the wing. Chapter 6. Basic lift, drag and mass representations. Chapter 7. Performance estimation. Chapter 8. Parametric analysis and optimisation. Chapter 9. Analysis of concept design. Addendum 1. Landing gear considerations. Addendum 2. Logitudinal control and stability surfaces. Addendum 3. Lateral control and stability surfaces. Addendum 4. Mass prediction. Addendum 5. Examples of synthesis procedure. Index. Spreadsheets.

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Book SynopsisThis handbook, directed at medical professionals and students who are involved in developing the space industry or are academicians doing research in this area, covers current pharmaceutical knowledge about the difference in medication efficacy in space versus on Earth and includes trial results and best practices for the space research and travel industry. The well-known contributors come from an interdisciplinary background and address all aspects of the subject, from the physiological impact of spaceflight to the effects of radiation.As the commercial space industry expands its operations in industry and tourism, the field of space pharmaceuticals is growing commensurately. Existing pharmacological research from space is thoroughly covered in this book, and Earth applications are also described. Potential pharmacological solutions are posed along with the known challenges and examples from existing studies, which are detailed at length. This major reference work is a comprehensive and important medical resource for all space industry players.Table of ContentsSection I: Principles of Pharmaceuticals.- Section II: Effects of Spaceflight on Human Physiology and its Consequences on Drug Treatment.- Section III: Model Organisms for Pharmaceutical Research in Space.- Section IV: Simulated Microgravity for Pharmaceutical Research.- Section V: Translating Knowledge from Spaceflight Research to Earth Applications.- Section VI: Nutritional and Alternative Approaches to Treatment in Space.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers timely insights into research on numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, mainly for (but not limited to) aerospace applications. It reports on findings by members of the STAB (German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association) and DGLR (German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics) and covers both nationally and EC-funded projects. Continuing on the tradition of the previous volumes, the book highlights innovative solutions, promoting translation from fundamental research to industrial applications. It addresses academics and professionals in the field of aeronautics, astronautics, ground transportation, and energy alike. Table of ContentsInfluence of the Wind Tunnel Model Mounting on the Wake Evolution of the Common Research Model in Post Stall.- Assessment of the Disturbance Velocity Approach to Determine the Gust Impact on Airfoils in Transonic Flow.- Comparison of Different Methods for the Extraction of Airfoil Characteristics of Propeller Blades as Input for Propeller Models in CFD.- Stochastic Modeling of Passive Scalars in Turbulent Channel Flows: Predictive Capabilities of One-Dimensional Turbulence.- Study on Large-Scale Amplitude Modulation of Near-Wall Small-Scale Structures in Turbulent Wall-Bounded Flows.- Investigation of Coherent Motions in a Flat-Plate Turbulent Boundary Layer with Adverse Pressure Gradient.- Experimental Approach on Concentration Measurements of NO in Hydrogen Combustion based on Heterodyne Laser Absorption Spectroscopy using Quantum Cascade Lasers.- Internal Application of Ultra-Fast Temperature Sensitive Paint to Hydrogen Combustion Flow.- Influence of Surface Irregularities on the Expected Boundary-Layer Transition Location on Hybrid Laminar Flow Control Wings.

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Book SynopsisThis book looks at chemmotological solutions to important questions surrounding sustainability and environmental safety of transport — both key priorities within the global strategy of sustainable development. Bringing together expanded versions of selected papers presented at the 8th International Scientific-Technical Conference: Problems of Chemmotology – Theory and Practice of Rational Use of Conventional and Alternative Fuels and Lubricants, contributors present solutions to problematic questions, including choosing feedstock and technologies of its processing for manufacturing alternative fuels, development and implementation of measures for improving environmental safety of transport, minimizing exhaust gases emission from transport, introducing new solution or improvements in systems of fuels supply and infrastructure, and changes in legislative and regulatory base for fuels and lubricants use. This collection will be an invaluable reference for researchers, professionals, and students involved in alternative aviation fuels, transport engineering, sustainable transport development, and fuels and lubricants.Table of Contents1-Advance in pathways to sustainable aviation fuels 2-Effect of polymer additives on the rheological properties of heavy high-viscosity oil 3-Phenomenological probabilistic model of friction pair wear taking into account thermal-mechanical stability of boundary layers 4-Revisiting the Synthesis of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters of Lower Monohydric Alcohols by Homogeneous Base-Catalyzed Transesterification of Vegetable Oils 5-Cultivating Microalgae in Wastewaters for Biofuel and Fertilizer Production 6-Development of New Structured Honeycomb Fiber Catalysts for Hydrocarbons Conversion to the Carbon-Free Fuel 7-Providing Wasteless Manufacturing of Aviation Biofuels by Using Camelina Seed Residues for Producing Functional Bread 8-Technologies for Restoring Soil from Oil Pollution 9-Investigation for a Sustainable Use of Fossil Coal Through the Dynamics of Interaction of Smokeless Solid Fuel with Oxygen and the Possibilities of its Practical Application 10-Improvement of Diesel Engine Parameters by Using of Alcohol Conversion 11-Influence of Microbiological Pollution on Properties of Motor Fuels 12-System for Monitoring Microbiological Contamination of Jet Fuels and Fuel Systems 13-Kinetics of Dissolution of the Oil Deposits 14-Cavitation Treatment of Gas Condensate Gasoline, Modified with Monohydric Alcohols

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is a multi-disciplinary compendium that includes several aspects of rotorcraft technology. It introduces the reader to the aerodynamic aspects of rotary wings and presents experimental techniques for aerodynamics. The chapters also cover rotorcraft engines and rotorcraft steady-state flight performance and stability. It explores several aspects of the tiltrotor configuration and lists challenges in their design, modelling and simulation. The reader will also find an introductory overview of flight control systems for rotorcraft, as well as the conceptual and preliminary design concepts for a conventional helicopter. This textbook contains video recordings of computer simulations that can be used alongside the main text.Table of ContentsRotor Aerodynamics.- Experimental methods for rotor aerodynamics.- Rotorcraft Propulsion Systems.- Rotorcraft Flight Performance .- Tilt-rotor aeromechanics.- Rotor acoustics.- Rotorcraft control systems.- Rotorcraft Preliminary Design.- Appendix A: Numerical Solution of Acoustic Problems.- Index.

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Book SynopsisRocket Fundamentals.- Rocket Flight.- Rocket Staging.- Thermal Propulsion.- Electric Propulsion.- Atmospheric and Ascent Flight.- Principles of motion in gravitational fields.- Types of Orbits including radial trajectories and stellar motions.- Orbital Maneuvering.- Orbit transitions.- Interplanetary Flight.- Planetary Entry.- Three-Body Problems.- Orbit Perturbations and resonant orbits.- Reference Frames.- Earth and Orbit geometry.- Orbit determination.- Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics.-Thermal Radiation Physics and Modeling.

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Book Synopsis1. Einleitung.- 2. Habitability / Bewohnbarkeit: Vom ORT zum (Lebens) RAUM.- 3. Bewohnbarkeit als (Lebens) RAUM.- 4. Rezension: Studien zur Bewohnbarkeit und Architektur von Mockups und simulierten Umgebungen.- 5. Rezension: Studien zur Bewohnbarkeit und Architektur in In-Situ-Umgebungen.- 6. Projektionen.- 7. Blick in die Zukunft: Wie man eine Blechbüchse in ein Zuhause verwandelt: Lösungen für ausgewählte Dimensionen der (sozialräumlichen) Bewohnbarkeit.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the astonishing potential of deep sensorimotor policies for agile vision-based quadrotor flight. Quadrotors are among the most agile and dynamic machines ever created. However, developing fully autonomous quadrotors that can approach or even outperform the agility of birds or human drone pilots with only onboard sensing and computing is challenging and still unsolved.Deep sensorimotor policies, generally trained in simulation, enable autonomous quadrotors to fly faster and more agile than what was possible before. While humans and birds still have the advantage over drones, the author shows the current research gaps and discusses possible future solutions.Table of Contents1: Introduction.- 2: Contribution.- 3: Future Directions.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Historical Review.- Chapter 2. Determination of Tandem Wing Aircraft Aerodynamic Characteristics.- Chapter 3. Effect of Geometric Parameters on Aerodynamic Characteristics.- Chapter 4. Recommendations Regarding Aerodynamic Design of Tandem Wing Aircraft.- Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the once popular idea of 'Flexible Path' in terms of Mars, a strategy that would focus on a manned orbital mission to Mars's moons rather than the more risky, expensive and time-consuming trip to land humans on the Martian surface. While currently still not the most popular idea, this mission would take advantage of the operational, scientific and engineering lessons to be learned from going to Mars's moons first. Unlike a trip to the planet's surface, an orbital mission avoids the dangers of the deep gravity well of Mars and a very long stay on the surface. This is analogous to Apollo 8 and 10, which preceded the landing on the Moon of Apollo 11. Furthermore, a Mars orbital mission could be achieved at least five years, possibly 10 before a landing mission. Nor would an orbital mission require all of the extra vehicles, equipment and supplies needed for a landing and a stay on the planet for over a year. The cost difference between the two types of missions is in the order of tens of billions of dollars. An orbital mission to Deimos and Phobos would provide an early opportunity to acquire scientific knowledge of the moons and Mars as well, since some of the regolith is presumed to be soil ejected from Mars. It may also offer the opportunity to deploy scientific instruments on the moons which would aid subsequent missions. It would provide early operational experience in the Mars environment without the risk of a landing. The author convincingly argues this experience would enhance the probability of a safe and successful Mars landing by NASA at a later date, and lays out the best way to approach an orbital mission in great detail. Combining path-breaking science with achievable goals on a fast timetable, this approach is the best of both worlds--and our best path to reaching Mars safely in the future.Trade Review“The author really knows what he wants … . He has truly, in incredible detail, and with beautiful images and illustrations, given us an almost perfect outline for our next major voyage off the Earth. …it should be a must manual for everyone associated with a mission to Mars, from all aspects of the ground crews to all the astronauts planning to go.” (Francine Fackson, Planetarian, Vol. 47 (2), June, 2018)“He presents a thorough history of ideas and studies for a Mars moon mission. The book is also an introduction to NASA operations. … Von Ehrenfried describes the responsibilities of every NASA center and lists the major aerospace contractors and their roles. The book is illustrated in color, is well-indexed, and provides an extensive glossary of NASA acronyms. … Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and above; faculty and professionals.” (S. P. Maran, Choice, Vol. 55 (4), December, 2017)“Dutch provides an in-depth analysis of NASA’s near-term space systems and how they might be used in such an endeavor. … NSS members looking for specific details about what NASA is building, and the various organizations and companies involved, will find much in this book to satisfy them. … readers will learn not only some fascinating technical information about NASA’s space exploration infrastructure, but also how it could be used to implement a future mission to the Martian moons.” (Robert A. Lee, National Space Society, nss.org, October, 2017)Table of ContentsPart One: The Current Plan.- Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: NASA's Plans.- Chapter 3: The Major Elements and Other Modules.- Chapter 4: Key Enabling Technologies.- Chapter 5: Crew Risks and Health Systems.- Part Two: A Safer, Quicker and Cheaper Plan.- Chapter 6: The Flexible Path to the Moons of Mars.- Chapter 7: Mission Operations.- Part Three: The Major Players.- Chapter 8: Summary of NASA Headquarters and Center Contributions.- Chapter 9: Other Government Contributions.- Chapter 10: International Contributions.- Chapter 11: Prime and Support Contractors.- Appendices.- References.- Glossary.- Index.

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Book SynopsisMartin Hinsch vermittelt dem Leser das Wichtigste in Kürze zur Normenumstellung der neuen ISO 9001:2015. Zu jedem einzelnen Normenkapitel werden dazu alle wesentlichen Änderungen erklärt. Der Autor richtet sich damit vor allem an jene QM-Interessierten, die bereits Kontakt mit der alten ISO 9001:2008 hatten und nun knapp und präzise über alle für den betrieblichen Alltag wichtigen Neuerungen informiert werden möchten. Für detailliertere Informationen werden die Leser auf das Grundlagenwerk „Die neue ISO 9001:2015 – Ein Praxis-Ratgeber für die Normenumstellung“ von Martin Hinsch verwiesen.Table of ContentsWas Sie in diesem Essential finden können.- Einleitung.- Aufbau und Grundprinzipien der ISO 9001:2015.- Kapitelübergänge / Querverweisliste.- Kontext der Organisation.- Führung.- Planung.- Unterstützung.- Betrieb.- Bewertung der Leistung.- Verbesserung.- Was Sie aus diesem Essential mitnehmen können.

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Book SynopsisTobias Schüttler stellt in diesem essential beide im Detail sehr anspruchsvollen Gebiete – Einsteins berühmte Relativitätstheorie und die Satellitenortung mit GPS und Galileo – in allgemein verständlicher Weise dar und erklärt die Einflüsse der Relativitätstheorie bei der Satellitennavigation ohne höhere Mathematik. Es werden auch die zu dieser Betrachtung wichtigen Formeln genannt und motiviert. Um die Einflüsse der Relativitätstheorie auf ein Satellitennavigationssystem wie das europäische Galileo zu verstehen, muss man sich mit dem konkreten Messvorgang bei der Ortung auseinandersetzen. Die Grundidee des Verfahrens ist einfach – die technische Umsetzung indes höchst komplex.Table of ContentsWie funktioniert Satellitennavigation?.- Was hat Einstein mit Satellitennavigation zu tun?.- Alles etwas genauer betrachtet.- Relativistische Korrekturen bei GPS und Galileo.- Ausblick: Die Galileo-Satelliten Doresa und Milena.

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Book SynopsisIn diesem Open-Access-Buch wird gezeigt, wie kommerzielle Überschallflugzeuge die Nachfrage nach einem schnellen, flexiblen und sicheren Transportmittel erfüllen könnten, wenn sie im Vergleich zu früheren Anwendungen eine höhere Nachhaltigkeit durch einen verringerten Kraftstoffverbrauch bieten würden. Dazu könnte eine Luftwiderstandsreduktion ihrer Triebwerke durch die Verwendung variabler Pitot-Einlässe beitragen. Diese finden in der gegenwärtigen reinen Unterschallluftfahrt keine Anwendung, da deren erhöhte Masse sowie die eingeschränkte Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit das vorhandene aerodynamische Einsparpotenzial überwiegen. Daher untersucht Stefan Kazula, ob variable Pitot-Einlässe für den Überschallbetrieb bis Mach 1,6 konstruktiv umsetzbar sind, die luftfahrtspezifischen Standards für Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit erfüllen können und dabei eine Verbesserung der Nachhaltigkeit ermöglichen. Hierfür wird der Stand der Technik zu variablen Pitot-Einlässen sowie zur Konstruktionsmethodik dargestellt. Zudem wird der zugrundeliegende Konstruktionsansatz zur Erarbeitung eines sicheren und zuverlässigen Konzepts sowie seine Umsetzung vorgestellt. Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Einlässe strahlgetriebener Flugzeuge.- Methodik der Konzeptstudie.- Durchführung der Konzeptstudie.- Zusammenfassung und Ausblick.

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Book Synopsisessentials liefern aktuelles Wissen in konzentrierter Form. Die Essenz dessen, worauf es als „State-of-the-Art“ in der gegenwärtigen Fachdiskussion oder in der Praxis ankommt. essentials informieren schnell, unkompliziert und verständlich als Einführung in ein aktuelles Thema aus Ihrem Fachgebiet als Einstieg in ein für Sie noch unbekanntes Themenfeld als Einblick, um zum Thema mitreden zu können Die Bücher in elektronischer und gedruckter Form bringen das Fachwissen von Springerautor*innen kompakt zur Darstellung. Sie sind besonders für die Nutzung als eBook auf Tablet-PCs, eBook-Readern und Smartphones geeignet. essentials sind Wissensbausteine aus den Wirtschafts-, Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften, aus Technik und Naturwissenschaften sowie aus Medizin, Psychologie und Gesundheitsberufen. Von renommierten Autor*innen aller Springer-Verlagsmarken.Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.Table of ContentsMotivation.- Klassischer Leichtbau.- Systemleichtbau mit Integration passiver Funktionen.- Systemleichtbau mit Integration aktiver Funktionen.

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Book SynopsisLuftfahrtunternehmen befinden sich in einem Markt mit hohen Wachstumsraten, doch immer wieder erschüttern Krisen die Luftfahrt. Doch nicht nur krisenbedingte Nachfrageeinbrüche stellen Luftfahrtunternehmen vor Schwierigkeiten, auch die fortwährende Globalisierung und der zunehmende Marktwettbewerb - vor allem durch Low Cost Airlines - führen selbst in Wachstumszeiten immer wieder zu Insolvenzen von Luftfahrtunternehmen. Letztlich müssen sie im hart umkämpften Markt Strategien finden, um dauerhaft bestehen zu können. Als Lösungsansatz bildet das Controlling gerade auch für mittelständische Luftfahrtunternehmen eine notwendige Methodik, um die Effizienz der Unternehmung zu sichern.Dieses Buch zeigt Ihnen typische Controllinginstrumente, die sich gerade für den Mittelstand eignen. Neben der Deckungsbeitragsrechnung sind die Anwendung des Revenue Managements und der Einsatz von Kennzahlen diskutiert.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book includes high-quality research papers presenting the latest advances in aerospace and related engineering fields. The papers are organized according to six broad areas (i) Aerospace Propulsion, (ii) Space Research, Avionics and Instrumentation, (iii) Aerodynamics Wind Tunnel and Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), (iv) Structural Analysis and Finite Element Method (FEM), (v) Materials, Manufacturing and Air Safety and (vi) Aircraft Environmental and Control System and Stability, making it easy for readers to find the information they require. Offering insights into the state of the art in aerospace engineering, the original research presented is valuable to academics, researchers, undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as professionals in industry and R&D. The clearly written book can be used for the validation of data, and the development of experimental and simulation techniques as well as other mathematical approaches.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights the prevention of possible accidents and crashes of aircrafts by analyzing the many factors that affect such events. It includes the theoretical study of known ideas and concepts, as well as a set of new methods and mathematical models. It contains factual information to investigate famous disasters and aviation accidents with aircrafts. The book proposes methods and models that can be the basis in developing guidance material for decision-making by the flight crew and experts in air traffic control. Some of the contents presented in this book are also useful in the design and operation of data transmission systems of aircraft. The book is intended for engineering and technical specialists engaged in the development, manufacturing and operations of onboard radio electronic systems of aircraft and ground-based radio engineering support for flights, as well as graduate students and senior students of radio engineering specialties. It is useful to researchers and managers whose activities are related to air traffic control.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Analysis of the state of the problem of modeling functioning ergatic air traffic management information system 1.1. The state of the security problem and traffic management aircraft in the area of the aerodrome 1.2. A modern approach to the systematic dynamic description of the functioning of an ergatic system 1.3. Set-theoretic model of information interaction of the elements of the ergatic information system of air traffic control 1.4. Presentation of informational interaction ergatic elements in an ergatic information system 1.5. Logical-linguistic model for choosing an analytical model parry adverse effects for ergatic elements 1.6. Synthesis of decision-making procedural model for an ergatic element during air traffic flow arrangement 1.7. The method of synthesis of models for the representation of ergatic elements in an ergatic information system References 2. The methodology of functional control of the aircraft and parrying special situations 2.1. Analysis of aircraft failures and malfunctions by aviation systems and groups of factors of causes 2.2. Decision-making model for parrying special situations on board an aircraft 2.3. Methods of functional monitoring of the state of the aircraft and the organization of information support for decision-making in special situations 2.4. A model of the functioning of the information support system for decision-making of the aircraft crew in a particular situation References 3. The architecture of the safety system in the airspace of the Russian Federation 3.1. The role and place of the decision-support information system in the structure of the ergatic system “aircraft - crew,” “aircraft - operator of an unmanned aerial vehicle.” 3.2. Development of the architecture of a safety system in the airspace of the Russian Federation 3.3. A model for the optimal placement of critical information entities in a unified safety system 3.4. The concept of the creation and development of the Air Navigation System of Russia References 4. The mathematical model for building a conflict-free flow of aircraft in the zone of responsibility of the officer of the near zone 4.1. Features of information support during the formation of the flow of aircraft during approach 4.2. Justification of the need to develop a method and models for organizing information support for the officer of the near zone in the detection and resolution of potential conflict situations 4.3. Definition of space and formation trajectories Conflict-free aircraft flow during an approach 4.4. A model for constructing an aircraft delay maneuver for a given interval 4.5. The method of organizing information support for the near zone officer in the detection and resolution of potential conflict situations 4.5.1. Description of the method of organizing information support for the near zone when detecting and resolving potential conflict situations between aircraft approaching 4.5.2. Organization of information support for the near zone officer when forming the queue of aircraft without a priority of service 4.5.3. Organization of information support for the near zone officer when forming a queue of aircraft with a priority of service for an incoming aircraft 4.5.4. Organization of information support for the near zone officer in the formation of the aircraft queue with the priority of service and taking into account fuel residues onboard each aircraft References 5. Formation of solutions for optimizing the activities of the landing zone officer 5.1. Building a model of a guaranteed aircraft landing approach 5.2. Defining a set of safe approach paths 5.3. Determining the optimal safe approach path 5.4. A mathematical model for constructing an optimal approach path 5.4.1. The principle of maximum performance in solving the problem of parrying deviations from the landing course 5.4.2. Aircraft movement model during a landing approach with a decrease in speed and two turns 5.4.3. Aircraft Double U-Turn Modeling 5.5. Development of a set of problem-oriented programs and evaluation confidence modeling 5.6. Assessment of the complexity of the algorithmic support system decision-making workstation of the landing zone officer 5.7. Construction of the approach zone and recommendations to the zone leader aircraft control landing using a decision support system 5.8. Acceptance Support System Software Development solutions for the automated workplace of the landing zone officer 5.9. Estimation of the reliability of the model for constructing an optimal approach trajectory for landing 5.10. Development of the technology for the operation of service dispatchers air traffic (flight control) during flights in special conditions and exceptional cases in flight References

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Book SynopsisThe book is a collection of academician Yanzhong Zhang’s research papers published in English. It represents the development of aerospace systems engineering and information technology in China over the past 4 decades. Regarded as the crucial reference materials of related disciplines, it falls into three categories, namely, information technique, aeronautical engineering strategy issue of development, as well as PhD thesis.Table of ContentsInformation Technique.- Aeronautical Engineering.- Strategy Issue of Development.- Ph.D. Thesis.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a basic understanding of adaptive control and its applications in Flight control. It discusses the designing of an adaptive feedback control system and analyzes this for flight control of linear and nonlinear aircraft models using synthetic jet actuators. It also discusses control methodologies and the application of control techniques which will help practicing flight control and active flow control researchers. It also covers modelling and control designs which will also benefit researchers from the background of fluid mechanics and health management of actuation systems.The unique feature of this book is characterization of synthetic jet actuator nonlinearities over a wide range of angles of attack, an adaptive compensation scheme for such nonlinearities, and a systematic framework for feedback control of aircraft dynamics with synthetic jet actuators.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Active Flow Control.- Adaptive Compensation at Low Angles of Attack: Linear Aircraft Model.- Adaptive Compensation at Low Angles of Attack: Nonlinear Aircraft Model.- Adaptive Compensation at High Angles of Attack.- Adaptive Compensation of Signal-Dependent Actuator Nonlinearities.- High-Order Design of Adaptive Inverses for Signal-Dependent Actuator Nonlinearities.- Adaptive Synthetic Jet Actuation for Aircraft Control.- Adaptive Actuator Fault Diagnosis in Uncertain Systems.- Adaptive Sensor Fault Diagnosis in Uncertain Systems.- Integrated Adaptive Diagnostics and Control.

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Book SynopsisThis book, consisting of 8 chapters, describes the state-of-the-art technological progress and applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in precision agriculture. It focuses on the UAV application in agriculture, such as crop disease detection, mid-season yield estimation, crop nutrient status, and high-throughput phenotyping. Different from individual papers focusing on a specific application, this book provides a holistic view for readers with a wide range of subjects. In addition to researchers in the areas of plant science, plant pathology, breeding, engineering, it is also intended for undergraduates and graduates who are interested in imaging processing, artificial intelligence in agriculture, precision agriculture, agricultural automation, and robotics.Table of ContentsApplications of UAVs and machine learning in agriculture.- Robot Operating System Powered Data Acquisition for Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Digital Agriculture.- Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications in cotton production.- Time effect after initial wheat lodging on plot lodging ratio detection using UAV imagery and deep learning.- UAV mission height effects on wheat lodging ratio detection.- Wheat-Net: An Automatic Dense Wheat Spike Segmentation Method Based on An Optimized Hybrid Task Cascade Model.- UAV multispectral remote sensing for yellow rust mapping: opportunities and challenges.- Corn Goss's Wilt disease assessment based on UAV imagery.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook highlights the fundamentals of aerodynamics and the applications in aeronautics. The textbook is divided into two parts: basic aerodynamics and applied aerodynamics. The first part focuses on the basic principles and methods of aerodynamics. The second part covers the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft in low speed, subsonic, transonic and supersonic flows. The combination of the two parts aims to cultivate students' aerospace awareness, build the ability to raise and solve problems and the ability to make comprehensive use of the knowledge to carry out innovative practice. This book is intended for undergraduates majoring in aircraft design and engineering, engineering mechanics, flight mechanics, missile design, etc. It can also be used as a reference for postgraduates, researchers and engineers of aerospace related majors.Table of ContentsPart 1 Fundamentals of Aerodynamics Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Basic Properties of Fluid and Hydrostatics Chapter 3. Fundamentals of Fluid Kinematics and Dynamics Chapter 4 .Plane Potential Flow of Ideal Incompressible Fluid Chapter 5. Fundamentals of Viscous Fluid Dynamics Chapter 6. Boundary Layer Theory and its Approximation Chapter 7. Fundamentals of Compressible Aerodynamics Part 2 Applied Aerodynamics Chapter 8. Flow and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low Speed Airfoil Chapter 9. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low Speed Wing Flow Chapter 10. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low Speed Fuselage Wing Body Combination Chapter 11. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Subsonic Thin Airfoils and Wings Chapter 12. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Supersonic Thin Airfoils and Wings Chapter 13. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Transonic Thin Airfoils and Wings Chapter 14. High Lift Device and Its Aerodynamic Performance

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Book SynopsisThis book features the latest theoretical results and techniques in the field of guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) of vehicles and aircrafts. It covers a wide range of topics, including but not limited to, intelligent computing communication and control; new methods of navigation, estimation and tracking; control of multiple moving objects; manned and autonomous unmanned systems; guidance, navigation and control of miniature aircraft; and sensor systems for guidance, navigation and control etc.Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, it also provides detailed information of a number of the studies, to offer readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies in the development of GNC, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of guidance, navigation, and control.Table of ContentsA Survey of Relative Motion Dynamics and Control of Distributed Satellite Formation.- Determination Technology and Accuracy Analysis of Configuration Parameters of Ground System Dual Satellite Formation Based on Navigation Data.- UAV path planning based on improved GWO algorithm.- A Review on tracking control of the underactuated vessel with time delays.- A Multimodal Image Matching Algorithm Based on Structure Feature.- Full-scale Attitude Solution Based on Dual Euler Method.- Q-Learning Based Online Adaptive Flight Control for Fixed-Wing UAV.

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Book SynopsisThis book mainly introduces the research overview, research results, and follow-up prospects of “Key Basic Scientific Problems on Near-Space Vehicles”, a major research plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China (hereinafter referred to as the Plan). The Plan is the first systematic basic hypersonic research program in China. From its inception in 2007 to its successful completion in 2016, the Plan lasted nine years, funded a total of 173 projects, and the funding totaled 190 million yuan. From the perspective of major national needs and scientific discipline development, the book focuses on four key scientific issues: aerodynamics in a near-space flight environment; advanced propulsion theories and methods; ultralight materials/structures, thermal environment prediction and thermal protection; and intelligent autonomous control theories and methods for hypersonic vehicles. The book also demonstrates China’s systematic and innovative achievements in interdisciplinary theories and methods and innovative techniques, paving the way for a distinctively Chinese basic research framework and further breakthroughs of near-space hypersonic vehicles.Table of ContentsProject Overview.- Research Status at Home and Abroad.- Major Research Achievements.- Outlook.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the journey of Dr. K Kasturirangan, who shares his experience during his long tenure at ISRO including the Chairmanship of ISRO, subsequently membership of the Rajya Sabha, the Planning Commission and many other responsibilities. Over the past five decades of public and professional service to the nation, Dr. Kasturirangan has graduated from a young researcher in astrophysics working under Vikram Sarabhai to leading India’s space program (ISRO), being entrusted by five successive Prime Ministers, besides dealing with several other domains of responsibilities beyond space, all of which have significantly impacted India’s development. This book centers around select 12 public invited lectures, Dr. Kasturirangan delivered ranging from developing hi-tech space systems, to managing an organization as intricate as ISRO which was guided by the wisdom of mentors, including Vikram Sarabhai, M G K Menon, Satish Dhawan and U. R. Rao, to tackling multi-faceted socio-economic issues, including India’s nuclear deal, report headed by him on the Western Ghats ecosystem, and the new National Education Policy 2020. Scientists, historians, policy makers, management strategists, journalists, or anyone with a keen interest in understanding the processes behind such large-scale science, technology and socio-economic endeavors – right from planning, creating appropriate institutional mechanisms, working with multiple stakeholders to ensure that these programs deliver tangible benefits to society, articulating these benefits with clarity to political leaders to assure public support – will find this book deeply instructive and illuminating. It will be of interest to the scientific, education and management community as well as to policy makers and researchers affiliated with multifaceted developmental issues. Table of ContentsReflections of a Long Journey.- Forays into the World of Astronomy, Technology and Space.- Space - An Innovative Route to Development.- India’s Space Enterprise; Strategic Thinking and Planning.- A Profile of Space for the next 50 years.- Space Odyssey – A Down-to-Earth Perspective.- Evolution of Earth Observation Capabilities in India.- Science and Technology of Imaging from Space.- Satellite Navigation.- Space Science in India : Two Initiatives.

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