Zoology: invertebrates Books

Book Synopsis* First reference text in agricultural entomology with a global perspective to be published in many decades * Written by one of the world s leading entomologists * Illustrated in full colour throughout for ease of identification of both the insect pest and the crop damage symptoms .Trade Review“In summary, an excellent, well-illustrated handbook and a highly welcome addition to the literature of a very practical nature.” (Experimental Agriculture, 1 January 2014) “Although the book might be too basic for researchers and professionals in the area, it is definitely a valuable resource for students and the general public. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All undergraduate students and general readers.” (Choice, 1 October 2013) “The book is completed with a bibliography and index. Overall it provides a very useful introduction to the range of insects that can be found in farming areas.” (International Pest Control, 1 July 2013) “For those with an interest in the birds of Iowa, raptors in general, or bird art.” (The Guardian, 1 April 2013) “Handbook of Agricultural Entomology by Helmut van Emden is a landmark publication for students and practitioners of entomology applied to agriculture and horticulture. It can be used as a reference and as a general textbook.” (Birdbooker Report, 15 April 2013) “Written by one of the world's leading entomologists, Handbook of Agricultural Entomology is a landmark publication for students and practitioners of entomology applied to agriculture and horticulture. It can be used as a reference and as a general textbook.” (Phys.org, 18 March 2013)"it is intended as an affordable stand-alone text for the budding entomologist in need of a basic understanding of insect taxonomy and a world view of applied entomology. With this in mind, this very well written and delightfully engaging book certainly succeeds." (Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada 2014)Table of ContentsCompanion Website details xv Preface xvii Acknowledgements xxi 1 The world of insects 1 1.1 The diversity of insects 1 1.2 The impact of insects on us 1 1.3 The impact we have on insects 5 1.4 Exploitation of insects 6 1.5 Other uses humans make of insects 6 1.6 Insect classification 7 2 External features of insects – structure and function 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 The exoskeleton 10 2.3 The basic body plan of the insect 11 2.4 The head 11 2.5 The thorax 16 2.6 The abdomen 22 3 The major divisions of the Insecta 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Class Insecta, Subclass Apterygota or Phylum Arthropoda, Class Entognatha 25 3.3 Subclass Pterygota 26 4 Subclass Apterygota 31 4.1 Introduction 31 4.2 Order Diplura (two-pronged bristle-tails) 31 4.3 Order Protura 31 4.4 Order Thysanura (silverfi sh) 32 4.5 Order Collembola (springtails) 33 5 Subclass Pterygota, Division Exopterygota, Palaeopteran Orders 36 5.1 Introduction 36 5.2 Order Ephemeroptera (mayfl ies) 36 5.3 Order Odonata (dragonfl ies) 38 6 Subclass Pterygota, Division Exopterygota, Orthopteroid Orders 42 6.1 Introduction 42 6.2 Order Plecoptera (stoneflies) 43 6.3 Order Grylloblattodea 43 6.4 Order Mantophasmatodea (gladiators or heelwalkers) 44 6.5 Order Zoraptera (angel insects) 44 6.6 Order Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets) 44 6.7 Order Phasmida (stick and leaf insects) 51 6.8 Order Dermaptera (earwigs) 52 6.9 Order Embioptera (web spinners) 53 6.10 Order Dictyoptera (cockroaches and mantids) 54 6.11 Order Isoptera (termites) 57 7 Subclass Pterygota, Division Exopterygota, Hemipteroid Orders 63 7.1 Introduction 63 7.2 Order Psocoptera (booklice) 63 7.3 Order Mallophaga (biting lice) 64 7.4 Order Anoplura (= Siphunculata) (sucking lice) 64 7.5 Order Hemiptera (true bugs) 65 7.6 Order Thysanoptera (thrips or thunderflies) 106 8 Subclass Pterygota, Division Endopterygota, Lesser Orders 112 8.1 Introduction 112 8.2 Order Mecoptera (scorpion flies) 112 8.3 Order Siphonaptera (fleas) 113 8.4 Order Neuroptera 114 8.5 Order Trichoptera (caddis flies) 119 8.6 Order Strepsiptera (stylops) 120 9 Subclass Pterygota, Division Endopterygota, Order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) 124 9.1 Introduction 124 9.2 Suborder Glossata 128 10 Subclass Pterygota, Division Endopterygota, Order Diptera (true flies) 159 10.1 Introduction 159 10.3 Suborder Brachycera 173 10.4 Suborder Cyclorrhapha 174 11 Subclass Pterygota, Division Endopterygota, Order Hymenoptera (sawflies, ants, bees and wasps) 193 11.1 Introduction 193 11.2 Suborder Symphyta (sawflies) 194 11.3 Suborder Apocrita (ants, bees, wasps and parasitic wasps) 198 12 Subclass Pterygota, Division Endopterygota, Order Coleoptera (beetles) 221 12.1 Introduction 221 12.2 Suborder Adephaga 225 12.3 Suborder Polyphaga 231 13 Class Arachnida 272 13.1 Introduction 272 13.2 Subclass Araneida (spiders) 272 13.3 Subclass Acarina (mites and ticks) 274 Bibliography 284 Index 287

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Book SynopsisPart of Wiley-Blackwell's highly successful Annual Plant Reviews, Annual Plant Reviews: Insect-Plant Interactions provides scientists with cutting edge, up-to-date information on biochemical and molecular aspects of a wide array of often commercially important and fascinating interactions between plants and insects.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xv Preface xxi Section 1 Biochemistry of Insect-Plant Interactions 1 Plants Recognize Herbivorous Insects by Complex Signalling Networks 1 Gustavo Bonaventure 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 The feeding behaviour of insects is an important determinant of the plant’s defence response 1 1.1.2 Insect-associated elicitors are specific elicitors of plant responses to insect feeding or egg deposition 2 1.2 Resistance (R) genes in the perception of piercing-sucking insects 6 1.3 Modification of elicitors by plant enzymes 8 1.4 Changes in Vm, Ca2+influx and reactive oxygen intermediate generation are early cellular events induced in plants by insect feeding 9 1.5 Shared signal transduction components in microbe and insect elicitor perception 12 1.6 Regulation of phytohormone accumulation and signaling during insect feeding 14 1.6.1 Jasmonic acid 17 1.6.2 Ethylene 20 1.6.3 Salicylic acid 21 1.7 Interconnection of the phytohormone system in plants 22 1.8 Conclusions and perspectives 23 Acknowledgements 24 References 24 2 Herbivore Oral Secretions are the First Line of Protection Against Plant-Induced Defences 37 Gary W. Felton, Seung Ho Chung, Maria Gloria Estrada Hernandez, Joe Louis, Michelle Peiffer and Donglan Tian 2.1 Introduction 38 2.2 Origin of herbivore secretions and initiation of contact with the host plant 40 2.2.1 Piercing-sucking herbivores 41 2.2.2 Chewing herbivores 42 2.3 How do herbivores deliver effectors to the host plant? 45 2.4 Examples of HAMPs and effectors 46 2.4.1 Piercing-sucking herbivores 46 2.4.2 Chewing herbivores 49 2.5 Effectors and host targets 54 2.6 Effectors and the host plant diet 56 2.7 Metagenomes: The interkingdom crossroads of the host plant, herbivore, and microbiome 56 Acknowledgements 62 References 62 3 Insect Detoxification and Sequestration Strategies 77 David G. Heckel 3.1 Introduction 77 3.2 Diverse roles of insect cytochromes P450 78 3.2.1 Furanocoumarin detoxification by Papilio spp. and others 79 3.2.2 Monoterpene detoxification and pheromone biosynthesis in pine bark beetles 84 3.2.3 Gossypol and CYP6AE14 in Helicoverpa armigera 85 3.2.4 Cactophilic Drosophila and alkaloid detoxification 85 3.3 Cyanogenic glucosides 86 3.4 Glucosinolates 89 3.5 Oglucosides and leaf beetles 93 3.6 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids 97 3.7 Glycosylation of host plant compounds 99 3.8 Non-protein amino acids 101 3.9 Iridoid glucosides 102 3.10 Cardenolides 103 3.11 Conclusions 106 Acknowledgements 107 References 107 4 Plant Semiochemicals – Perception and Behavioural Responses by Insects 115 Andreas Reinecke and Monika Hilker 4.1 Introduction 115 4.2 A semiochemical’s route to the neuron 118 4.2.1 Surfing the surface – A matter of chemo-physical interaction 120 4.2.2 Odorant binding proteins, chemosensory proteins 122 4.2.3 Eliciting signals – Odorant receptors and sensory neuron responses to odorants 123 4.2.4 The clean-up company – Odorant-degrading enzymes 128 4.2.5 Odour perception – Summary 128 4.3 Behavioural responses of insects to plant volatiles 129 4.3.1 Biotic habitat factors influencing plant odour dispersal and insect orientation 130 4.3.2 Biotic factors affecting plant odour emission 131 4.3.3 ‘Wise’ responses to plant odours? The impact of odour experience on insect behaviour 132 4.3.4 Sick insects and their responses to plant odour 134 4.3.5 Age-dependency of insect responses to plant odour 134 4.3.6 Adjusting the responses to plant odour according to the needs 135 4.4 Conclusions 136 References 137 Section 2 Genetics and Genomics of Insect-Plant Interactions 5 Plant Transcriptomic Responses to Herbivory 155 Hanna M. Heidel-Fischer, Richard O. Musser and Heiko Vogel 5.1 Introduction 155 5.2 Mechanical wounding, feeding mode and HAMPs 157 5.3 Wounding rates and salivary gland applications 158 5.4 Responses to insects from different feeding guilds 165 5.4.1 Chewing herbivores 167 5.4.2 Piercing-sucking herbivores 168 5.4.3 The pitfalls of the generalist-specialist paradigm 171 5.5 A meta-analysis of microarray studies on transcriptomic responses to herbivory 172 5.6 Simultaneous attack or multiple feeding 176 5.7 Transcriptomics responses to herbivory – An outlook 179 5.7.1 Open questions 179 5.7.2 New tools and approaches 181 Acknowledgements 182 References 182 6 Transcriptome Responses in Herbivorous Insects Towards Host Plant and Toxin Feeding 197 Heiko Vogel, Richard O. Musser and Maria de la Paz Celorio-Mancera 6.1 Introduction 198 6.2 Challenges for insect herbivores and inducible responses 200 6.2.1 Phytohormones 202 6.2.2 Plant defensive chemicals – Toxins and deterrents 205 6.2.3 Proteinaceous effectors 210 6.2.4 Plant nutrients 212 6.2.5 Whole plant, tissue and organ feeding 214 6.2.6 Common expression signatures and specific differences 215 6.3 Genomic responses to plant and toxin feeding – An outlook 218 6.3.1 Open questions 218 6.3.2 New tools and approaches 221 Acknowledgements 223 References 223 7 Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plant Resistance to Insects 235 Daniel J. Kliebenstein 7.1 Introduction 235 7.2 Metabolites 238 7.2.1 Glucosinolates 238 7.2.2 Maysin 245 7.2.3 Tomato trichome chemistry 245 7.2.4 Saponins 246 7.3 Physical defences 246 7.4 Signal transduction variation 248 7.5 Physiology 249 7.6 Why have genetic variation in defence? 249 7.7 Summary 250 References 252 Section 3 Ecology and Evolution of Insect-Plant Interactions 8 Costs of Resistance in Plants: From Theory to Evidence 263 Don Cipollini, Dale Walters and Claudia Voelckel 8.1 The cost-benefit paradigm 263 8.1.1 Hypotheses of plant defence 265 8.1.2 Why do plants have induced defences? 272 8.2 Measuring fitness costs and benefits of plant defence traits 276 8.2.1 Generating trait variation 276 8.2.2 The empirical evidence for costs of resistance 284 8.3 Ecologically relevant settings 289 8.3.1 Competition 290 8.3.2 Nutrient availability 293 8.3.3 Multiple enemies 294 8.3.4 Enemies vs. mutualists 295 8.4 Conclusions 297 References 297 9 Plant-mediated Interactions Among Insects within a Community Ecological Perspective 309 Erik H. Poelman and Marcel Dicke 9.1 Introduction to plant-mediated species interactions 309 9.1.1 Plant-based insect community structure 309 9.1.2 Plant-mediated species interactions 311 9.2 Plant-mediated species interactions among herbivores 313 9.2.1 Specificity of plant responses to herbivores 313 9.2.2 Asymmetric plant-mediated effects on herbivore performance 314 9.2.3 Plant-mediated effects on herbivore oviposition 315 9.3 Three trophic level interactions 316 9.3.1 Attraction of natural enemies 316 9.3.2 Herbivore diversity affects plant-mediated interactions with natural enemies 318 9.4 Aboveground-belowground interactions 319 9.5 Herbivore-pollinator interactions 320 9.6 Plant-mediated species interactions in a community 322 9.6.1 Plant-mediated interactions involving multiple herbivores 322 9.6.2 Carnivores affecting plant-mediated interactions in communities 325 9.6.3 Plant-mediated interactions beyond individual plants 326 9.7 Synthesis in the context of plant fitness and future directions 327 References 329 10 The Altitudinal Niche-Breadth Hypothesis in Insect-Plant Interactions 339 Sergio Rasmann, Nadir Alvarez and Löıc Pellissier 10.1 Introduction – Variation of niche-breadth along ecological gradients 340 10.2 Herbivorous insects, from specialists to generalists 343 10.3 Evidence for an altitudinal gradient in niche-breadth and climatic variability 344 10.3.1 Does environmental variability increase with increasing altitude? 345 10.3.2 Does variability in host-plant population size increase with increasing altitude? 346 10.4 The altitudinal niche-breadth paradigm 348 10.4.1 Pollinators 348 10.4.2 Herbivores, plant quality and plant defences 349 10.4.3 Predator effects on herbivores 350 10.5 Outlook – Other factors influencing altitudinal niche breadth evolution studies 351 10.5.1 Phylogenetic constraints and correlated life-history traits 351 10.5.2 Phylogeography 352 10.5.3 Phytophagous insect abundance 352 10.5.4 Range size 353 10.5.5 Non-linear relationship along the altitudinal clines 353 10.6 Conclusion 354 Acknowledgements 354 References 354 11 Revisiting Plant-Herbivore Co-Evolution in the Molecular Biology Era 361 Georg Jander 11.1 Introduction 361 11.2 Glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae 363 11.3 Benzoxazinoids in the Poaceae 365 11.4 Evolution from primary metabolism 367 11.5 Convergent evolution of defence pathways 368 11.6 Rapid adaptation through modular biosynthetic pathways 370 11.7 Specialist herbivores have evolved to detoxify secondary metabolites 371 11.8 Costs of plant resistance 372 11.9 Molecular phylogenetic evidence for co-evolution 374 11.10 The benefits of metabolic pathway co-regulation 374 11.11 Modification of secondary metabolites as a form of defensive priming 375 11.12 Use of secondary metabolites as defensive signals 377 11.13 Conclusion and future prospects 378 References 379 Index 385

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Book SynopsisThis volume covers all aspects of reproduction and development of the entire spectrum of invertebrates - terrestrial, marine, freshwater, brackish water, free-living and parasitic.Table of ContentsPlatyhelminthes (I. Fairweather). Nemertina (M. Tarpin). Nematoda (M. Fleming). Mollusca (S. Smith R. Croll). Annelida--Polychaeta (P. Olive). Annelida--Oligochaeta and Hirudinea (R. Marcel). Arthropoda--Chelicerata (W. Kaufman). Arthropoda--Crustacea (F. Van Herp D. Soyez). Arthropoda--Insecta (T. Adams). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first of three volumes which record progress in knowledge of the ultrastructure and phylogeny of spermatozoa of the invertibrates since pubication since of a previous volumes in this series on spermiogenesis and sperm function (1983).Table of ContentsPorifera (N. Boury-Esnault & B. Jamieson). Cnidaria and Ctenophora (P. Harrison & B. Jamieson). Platyhelminthes (N. Watson). Nemertea (?. Franzen & B. Afzelius). Rotifera (G. Melone & M. Ferraguti). Gastrotricha (M. Balsamo, et al.). Kinorhyncha (A. Adrianov & V. Malakhov). Nematomorpha (R. Valvassori, et al.). Acanthocephala M. Carcupino & B. Dezfuli). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThe majority of undergraduate texts in invertebrate zoology (of which there are many) fall into one of two categories. They either offer a systematic treatment of groups of animals phylum by phylum, or adopt a functional approach to the various anatomical and physiological systems of the better known species. The Invertebrates is the first and only textbook to integrate both approaches and thus meet the modern teaching needs of the subject. This is the only invertebrate textbook to integrate systematics and functional approaches. The molecular systematics sections have been completely updated for the new edition. Strong evolutionary theme which reflects the importance of molecular techniques throughout. Distills the essential characteristics of each invertebrate group and lists diagnostic features to allow comparisons between phyla. New phyla have been added for the neTrade Review"I can not recomment this book highly enough. It should be in the library of every school and university and I think all biologists would benefit from having a copy in their personal collection." --Peter Bowen-Walker, Journal of Biological Education, 2002 "This edition of a very useful text contains new research adding to our knowledge of invertebrates, and many chapters have been updated and rewritten. [...] Zoology students will welcome this new edition." (Aslib Book Guide, Dec 2001) "Essentially, this is a simple text. It aims to bring together all invertebrates and describe them in terms of their differences (phyla) and common elements (functions). Although the text needs to be precise, it is clear and the diagrams are very good. This is an excellent reference text which should find its way into field centres and school/college libraries." (TEGNews, Dec 2001) "When it comes to the invertebrates the position is much less clear cut. There are many gaps in our knowledge and so often the evolutionary relationships between the phyla are neglected. It is also a difficult area of zoology because many of the key organisms are unfamiliar ones, but in this book the subject is dealt with very clearly. It is a bold step to put it at the beginning, because there are many unfamiliar terms and concepts not covered until later in the book, but I think it works, not least because it gives the subject the importance it deserves. The book ought to become the standard text for invertebrate courses." (New Scientist, Sept. 1993) "... a good student-orientated introductory text which is attractive, liveley and informative. I am sure it will continue to be a favourite..." (Journal of Animal Ecology, 1994) Table of ContentsPreface. Part I: Evolutionary Introduction. 1. Introduction: Basic Approach and Principles. 2. The Evolutionary History and Phylogeny of the Invertebrates. Part II: The Invertebrate Phyla. 3. Parallel Approaches to Animal Multicellularity. 4. The Worms. 5. The Molluscs. 6. The Lophophorates. 7. The Deuterostomes. 8. Invertebrates with Legs: The Arthropods and Similar Groups. Part III: Invertebrate Functional Biology. 9. Feeding. 10. Mechanics and Movement (Locomotion). 11. Respiration. 12. Excretion Ionic and Osmotic Regulation and Buoyancy. 13. Defence. 14. Reproduction and Life Cycles. 15. Development. 16. Control Systems. 17. Basic Principles Revisited. Glossary. Illustration Sources. Index.

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Book SynopsisInsects may gather in modest groups, like the dozen sawfly larvae feeding on a pine needle, or they may form huge masses, like a swarm of migratory locusts or a cloud of mayflies. Why they assemble and what they get out of their associations are questions considered in this look at the group behavior and social lives of a wide array of bugs.Trade ReviewPerhaps the most striking feature of Waldbauer's delightful book is the enthusiasm with which it is written. A lifetime's involvement with what for many of us are mere pesky little critters has not dulled his pleasure in chronicling their variety or his amazement at their strangeness. He revels in the natural world. -- Derek Bickerton * New York Times Book Review *Although it was written by an entomologist...the book is not for the strictly scientifically oriented. Rather, this book reads like a compendium of insect stories, one interesting tale after another...A remarkable read. -- Marlene A. Condon * Daily Progress *Gilbert Waldbauer has addressed a broad audience to explain how and why insect aggregations occur, and to what extent these associations may involve crude co-operation and communication...Waldbauer cites a fascinating range of examples, some familiar and some not, [in] an immensely enjoyable book. A great richness of information is presented in a relaxed and accessible way without compromising the scientific complexity of some of the areas explored. Clearly intrigued by his subject and its ramifications, Waldbauer conveys his enthusiasm and love for natural history in its most catholic form with vivacity, flair and a broad brush. -- Gaden S. Robinson * Times Literary Supplement *Clear writing, a storyteller's grace and consummate mastery of his subject make entomologist Gilbert Waldbauer's Millions of Monarchs, Bunches of Beetles a fascinating incursion into the strange, fabulous and complex world of insects. As entertaining as he is informative, Waldbauer introduces us to groups of insects who use numbers to increase their chances for mating, surviving predators, overcoming prey or coping with weather...His enthusiasm for his subject is infectious, and he communicates far-reaching knowledge without resorting to jargon...[Millions of Monarchs, Bunches of Beetles] stimulates and satisfies the reader's sense of wonder. -- Lynn Harnett * Herald Sunday *Interesting facts and ideas are stacked one on top of another. This is not technical stuff: It's an entertaining, interesting book and an easy read that will be enjoyed by a wide audience. Getting food, avoiding predators, finding mates, and other matters essential to the survival of species are topics drawn out of this background of remarkable animal aggregations. A useful index and an extensive bibliography are helpful. * Science Books & Films *A delightful and informative romp with retired University of Illinois professor Gilbert Waldbauer through his favorite bug-hunting venues. Along the way, you will discover that Mr. Waldbauer has never outgrown his childlike enthusiasm for discovery--hence the title--nor his seriousness about good science--hence the publisher...Linking these two is the author's appreciation for enticing stories accumulated over a professional lifetime. He skillfully weaves eager curiosity, clear science and captivating tales to produce a compact book certain to please even the most casual observer of the world of these small creatures that creep, crawl, fly or burrow all around us. -- Fred Bortz * Dallas Morning News *Every chapter is so full of fascination, so well conveyed in clear, congenial, and precise prose, that many readers may want to audit professor Waldbauer's next course. -- Ray Olson * Booklist *The social structures formed by ants and bees are well documented. Waldbauer, however, concerns himself with the unsung insects whose simple group habits define less-organized societies. * Science News *Every chapter is so full of fascination, that many readers may want to audit professor Waldbauer's next course. The overall topic is occasionally social insects: how and why do they get together when they do? Their reasons include finding mates, species self-defense, subduing prey, going where the food is, and even controlling their own microclimates--that's why tent caterpillars make tents. Waldbauer unfolds all this buggy cooperation in absorbing accounts of particular species. -- Ray Olson * Booklist *In this, his third popularization of insect life, retired academic Waldbauer focuses on the group behavior of species less well described than ants or honeybees but no less interesting--ladybugs and locusts, mayflies and butterflies, wasps, termites, and others...Clearly a volume to satisfy idle curiosity, from a scholar and a gentleman ever ready to credit the work of colleagues, while at the same time suggesting any number of topics that future scholars might pursue to further our understanding of evolution and the survival of so many, many bugs. * Kirkus Reviews *Waldbauer's gentle but enthralling prose leads the reader to see beyond the shock of the heaving crawling mass, to glimpse beneath at the underlying biology of some of nature's most fascinating creatures. -- Richard Jones * BBC Wildlife *Gilbert Waldbauer writes to share his passion for insects. The insects of an unembellished prose style make his books accessible to the general naturalist and the specialist alike. -- W.R. Dolling * Entomologist's Monthly Magazine *

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Book SynopsisBeing among bees is a full-body experience, Mark Winston writes. Bee Time presents his reflections on three decades spent studying these remarkable creatures, and on the lessons they can teach about how humans might better interact with one another and the natural world, from the boardroom to urban design to agricultural ecosystems.Trade ReviewMark Winston has spent 30 years studying and working with bees. His book is a passionate celebration of bees, apiaries and honey, as well as a calmly reasoned critique of industrialized farming and a plea to halt the dramatic decline in bee numbers… A wonderfully rich insight into the imperiled world of the bee. -- P. D. Smith * The Guardian *In this personal and scientific journey into the history we share with bees, [Winston] ranges over neonicotinoid pesticides and colony collapse, the control of African ‘killer’ bees and more. The charismatic social insects emerge as both icons of societal cohesion and symbols of nature’s paradoxically mingled power and fragility. -- Barbara Kiser * Nature *[Winston] writes lovingly of the rhythms and quiddities of the apiary… In a highly personal style, Winston steps between reportage, scientific exactitude and a deep, poetically expressed love of bees, beekeeping and the cultural forms that bees inspire. People and bees have been working together for millennia—synergy that Winston, sensitized by his work as a communications specialist, clearly feels brings out the best and the worst in humanity. His take on the situation makes Bee Time an insightful delight. -- Adrian Barnett * New Scientist *Winston wants to acquaint his readers with the fascinating complexity of the bee world, and he also wants to alert readers to the fact that the bee world is drastically endangered. He brings to this hybrid task a very smooth ability to simplify the complex bee-literature he’s obviously mastered, providing engaging glimpses into the world of the hive—and usually presenting them in parallel context of the human world… Considering the enormous ripple-effects that would happen in the wake of the disappearance of these key pollinators, Winston’s wake-up call takes on an urgency that’s belied by its friendly, approachable tone. That clarion call makes Bee Time an important book, even if you by chance suffer from a touch of apiphobia. -- Steve Donoghue * Open Letters Monthly *[Winston] presents a stark picture of how much we expect from, and rely on, bees. -- Kristin Treen * Literary Review *Thoughtful and eloquent… Winston is an inspired cross-pollinator, who uses the ‘full-body experience’ of being with bees to draw lessons for human hives. -- Sarah Murdoch * Toronto Star *Like the beekeeper he is, paying careful attention to what’s going on in his colonies, Winston has done a fine job with this book. Bee Time is beautifully written and rich in the detail, evoking emotions without being overly maudlin. -- Jeff Lee * Vancouver Sun *[Winston’s] lyricism inspires awe of these necessary insects. -- Temma Ehrenfeld * Weekly Standard *A recap of what’s been going on in beekeeping over the past 10 years or so… Winston has left no hive unturned in this work, documenting all the good, and the bad that has occurred… There are indeed lessons to learn from a bee hive. This work will share some of them with you. -- Kim Flottum * Bee Culture *Winston combines beekeeping work/research, philosophical musings, and his personal memories in this enjoyable book. -- J. M. Gonzalez * Choice *Bee Time is a unique book: in turn a touching memoir, a warm paean to the honey bees that have fueled Winston’s impressive scientific career, and an insightful analysis of some of the serious environmental problems facing us today. -- Gene E. Robinson, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignNo other book celebrates the long relationship between humans and honeybees as powerfully, thoughtfully, and enchantingly as this one. Written in lyrical prose, Bee Time is a delightful and inspiring read. -- Thomas D. Seeley, author of Honeybee Democracy

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Book SynopsisA richly illustrated and up-close look at the secret lives of spiders and other arachnidsThe American Southwest is home to an extraordinary diversity of arachnids, from spitting spiders that squirt silk over their prey to scorpions that court one another with kissing and dancing. Amazing Arachnids presents these enigmatic creatures as you have never seen them before. Featuring a wealth of color photos of more than 300 different kinds of arachnids from eleven taxonomic orders--both rare and common speciesthis stunningly illustrated book reveals the secret lives of arachnids in breathtaking detail, including never-before-seen images of their underground behavior.Amazing Arachnids covers all aspects of arachnid biology, such as anatomy, sociality, mimicry, camouflage, and venoms. You will meet bolas spiders that lure their victims with fake moth pheromones, fishing spiders that woo their mates with silk-wrapped gifts, chivalrous cellar spiders, tinyTrade Review"This book is in line to win the Greg Laden’s Blog Science Book of the Year. It looks like a high quality, almost coffee table like, book on the arachnids, things like mites and spiders and such. But that is only what it appears to be on the surface. Just below the surface, it is a compendium of evolutionary amazingness, a detailed description of the photogenic history, behavioral biology, and co-evolution of plants and animals, with almost all the protagonists in the numerous loosely connected stories being one sort or another of amazing arachnid."---Greg Laden, Greg Laden's Blog"If you are as fond of or fascinated by all things eight legged as Cowles, then Amazing Arachnids is the book for you."---Roberta Gibson, Wild About Ants"I’m not an arachnid specialist, but I found her treatment of even the most obscure arachnid subgroups to be original, readable, and richly detailed."---Stephen A. Marshall, Canadian Field-Naturalist"Amazing Arachnids is an ambitious text, introducing the biology of nearly all arachnid orders with an emphasis on basic taxonomy and reproductive behavior. This is one of the few volumes to treat arachnids as a whole, including mites and ticks, which are often and unfortunately segregated into their own discipline . . . . I hope this book finds its audience and opens more eyes to the weird and wonderful world of the arachnids."---Eric Yip, The Quarterly Review of Biology

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book will surely fuel further conceptual unification by inspiring future generations of scientists."---Mark E. Laidre, The Quarterly Review of Biology"The book abounds with new ideas and is a must read for anyone starting out on a career in field entomology."---John Badmin, British Journal of Entomology and Natural History

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"[A] highly informative and beautifully illustrated book."---Marc Bekoff, Psychology Today"[This book] filled me with wonder and awe."---Margaret Roach, A Way to Garden"[An] amazing book. . . . The message is the inter-relatedness of the biodiversity around us, which is far closer and more complex than we could ever have guessed." * An Beachaire *"Eaton's richly illustrated book will inform and entertain."---Eric Brown, News Shopper"A beautifully illustrated, very readable and scientific compendium of the biology, ecology, behaviour and diversity of wasps and, in particular, their relationship with us."---Malcolm Aldridge, Bulletin of the Amateur Entomological Society"This book will make you love wasps and appreciate them as amazing, mostly solitary insects thriving in nearly every Earthly habitat. . . . [A] beautiful book." * Bees for Development *"If you respect wasps only because of their sting and how they can sometimes prey on your bees, this book is likely to transform your respect to awe. . . . Written in entertaining, mostly double-page chunks, the book is ideal for dipping into."---Stephen Fleming, Bee Craft"A richly illustrated introduction to the biology and ecology of wasps . . . . An attractive and enjoyable introduction to wasp biology, written by an author who clearly delights in the beauty of these wonderful insects."---Andrew Wakeham-Dawson, Entomologist's Monthly Magazine"[This book] has exquisite photographs and these are some of the best and highest quality I have ever seen surrounded by appropriate text. . . . This is simply a stunning book and provides a beautiful comprehensive visual journey into the complex world of wasps."---Roy Stewart, British Naturalist’s Association"Crammed with stunning photographs (and I do mean stunning) and clever artwork throughout, this book is both informative and a joy to read."---John Stewart, British Journal of Entomology and Natural History"I would certainly recommend this book, I had a sneaking admiration for wasps already but this has further amplified that. I guarantee you will appreciate wasps more and learn a 100 things along the way."---Andy Karran, Gwent Wildlife Trust"This splendid book is an enjoyable and credible attempt to change society’s distorted perception of wasps. . . . Browsing the excellent, high-quality color photos is a delight, and they constitute well-thought-out teasers to induce the reader to dip into the text." * Conservation Biology *"It is good to know that someone is doing their utmost to dispel the biases and hysteria typically associated with these fascinating animals; highlighting the positive relationships they share with humans and the environment to a wider audience. Enjoy!"---Jeanne Robertson, Glasgow Naturalist"All-in-all this is a fantastic book, and well worth reading. Eaton shows how amazingly diverse, and in their own way, remarkable wasps really are. I’m sure that anybody who reads the book will have a much-improved opinion of wasps by the end!"---Amanda Williams, Buzz About Bees"A brilliant and attractive introduction to wasps and their biology. . . . A fine piece of knowledge that no library should be without, especially at such a friendly price for the hardcopy."---M. Rindoš, European Journal of Entomology ​​​​​​​

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Longlisted for the Young Adult Science Book Award, AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Science Books""There are heroes in this story, and Haddad does a wonderful job of celebrating them."---Jonathan Hahn, Sierra"A valuable lens on the biodiversity crisis. Yet Haddad does not just gather data on habitat loss and other drivers of decline—although he does that with crystalline acuity. He emphasizes that measures such as restoring ecological systems can protect populations of these fragile 'ambassadors of nature', against the odds."---Barbara Kiser, Nature"Haddad eloquently argues that conserving butterflies is not about preserving an organism or habitat in aspic—that way lies stagnation and decline—it’s about enabling a dynamic and resilient environment."---Richard Jones, BBC Wildlife Magazine"Wonderfully informative . . . Haddad has that rare ability to make difficult science accessible to those of us who are not trained in the nuances of ecological quantification and he does so without talking down to us."---Keith Taylor, WUOM’s Stateside"A powerful study of what a declining insect population reveals about how we are treating the planet . . . . fine and compelling book."---Jules Pretty, Times Higher Education"We need to do better at embedding nature conservation, knowledge generation, and long-term monitoring as core goals in land management initiatives. The Last Butterflies shares some inspiring examples of how to achieve this."---Manu. E. Saunders, Trends in Ecology & Evolution"Haddad is extremely knowledgable about this subject, and is also able to successfully communicate that knowledge to a wider audience"---Harry Siviter, The Biologist"The Last Butterflies does a remarkable job weaving together the stories of the rarest of butterflies, changing landscapes, and the day-to-day work of the scientists who study them."---Gretchen LeBuhn, American Entomologist"The author has devoted his life to butterflies . . . His guiding principle is that humans should not be the cause of the extinction of these extremely rare species by promoting rather than destroying biodiversity - it is a moving personal ecological odyssey." * Paradigm Explorer *"[The Last Butterflies] is infused with enthusiasm for conservation efforts, both now and in the future, and with an admiration for the beauty, fragility, and resilience of butterflies. It is an important book for anyone concerned with biodiversity and conservation issues. It’s also an eye-opening and engaging read for anyone with an interest in butterflies."---Rachel Pagones, New Books in Environmental Studies"This is an unusual, honest and informative book. . . . clearly written and attractively presented."---John Tennent, Atropos Magazine"A nice read that those interested in conservation will enjoy. . . . the author argues that even if rare butterflies may make a negligible contribution to ecological services, there are still compelling reasons to protect them." * Conservation Biology *"One of the best books about conservation biology that I’ve read in a long time. The Last Butterflies reads with the ease of a novel. Part adventure tale and part detective story, it leads you in search of the world’s rarest butterflies and the ways we might save them."---Matthew Shepherd, Wings"If you are interested in conservation, butterflies, insects, or any combination of the three, I would recommend picking up this volume."---Cas Carroll, The Quarterly Review of Biology"As a nature enthusiast, this book will give you new perspectives on conservation and the many unseen factors in what keeps a species afloat."---Trevor Edmonson, The Daily Journal"This is a fantastic read told in a personal and engaging manner. . . . Would I recommend anyone to buy it? Yes, if they have any interest in natural history. This is a very accessible book, as well as being very tactile, and definitely worth the investment."---Simon R. Leather, Oryx: The International Journal of Conservation"A thoroughly entertaining AND informative read - you can't put it down."---John Badmin, British Journal of Entomology and Natural History"Haddad has evaluated some of the rarest butterflies in the world, and then investigated the reasons for their rarity and possible approaches to saving them from extinction. . . . Anyone who is contemplating a career in wildlife management or biodiversity should definitely have a copy on their bookshelf."---Jacqueline Ruffle, Amateur Entomological Society

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Book SynopsisThe Sipuncula, a group of ocean-dwelling worms related to annelids and mollusks, play a significant role in the bioerosion of coral reefs and are useful indicators of environmental conditions. The 155 species live in a wide variety of marine habitats...

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Book SynopsisThe knowledge of citizen scientists, biologists, and naturalists informs this book's coverage of every aspect of the monarch butterfly's life cycle (breeding, migration, and overwintering) from the perspective of every established monarch population...Trade ReviewThis book is aimed largely at an American audience and it will be interesting to learn how popular it has been with the general public. Having a national buttefly is wonderful way of bringing scientists and the public together to work for a common cause. Perhaps we might benefit from having a national butterfly in the U.K. -- John Stewart * British Journal of Entomology and Natural History *

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Book SynopsisTo meet the demand for a timely synthesis of monarch biology, conservation and outreach, Monarchs in a Changing World summarizes recent developments in scientific research, highlights challenges and responses to threats to monarch conservation, and showcases the many ways that monarchs are used in citizen science programs, outreach, and education.Trade ReviewMonarch butterflies, by being so familiar to so many, provide an immediate connection between readers and research. That connection can overcome the small patches of difficult prose. With 926 citations of scientific papers and a 463-entry index, this book will help advance thework of established researchers and give others an awareness of the breadth and limits of the knowledge of the monarch butterfly. -- G.C. Stevens * Choice *Table of ContentsPart One. Model Programs for Citizen Science, Education, and Conservation: An Overview Karen S. Oberhauser1. Environmental Education and Monarchs: Reaching across Disciplines, Generations, and Nations Elisabeth Young-Isebrand, Karen S. Oberhauser, Kim Bailey, Sonya Charest, Brian Hayes, Elizabeth Howard, Jim Lovett, Susan Meyers, Erik Mollenhauer, Eneida B. Montesiños-Patino, Ann Ryan, Orley R. Taylor, and Rocío Treviño2. Contributions to Monarch Biology and Conservation through Citizen Science: Seventy Years and Counting Karen S. Oberhauser, Leslie Ries, Sonia Altizer, Rebecca V. Batalden, Janet Kudell-Ekstrum, Mark Garland, Elizabeth Howard, Sarina Jepsen, Jim Lovett, Mía Monroe, Gail Morris, Eduardo Rendón-Salinas, Richard G. RuBino, Ann Ryan, Orley R. Taylor, Rocío Treviño, Francis X. Villablanca, and Dick Walton3. Monarch Habitat Conservation across North America: Past Progress and Future Needs Priya C. Shahani, Guadalupe del Río Pesado, Phil Schappert, and Eligio García SerranoPart Two. Monarchs as Herbivores, Prey, and Hosts: An Overview Jacobus C. de Roode4. Macroevolutionary Trends in the Defense of Milkweeds against Monarchs: Latex, Cardenolides, and Tolerance of Herbivory Anurag A. Agrawal, Jared G. Ali, Sergio Rasmann, and Mark Fishbein5. Invertebrate Natural Enemies and Stage-Specific Mortality Rates of Monarch Eggs and Larvae Alma De Anda and Karen S. Oberhauser6. Lacewings, Wasps, and Flies—Oh My: Insect Enemies Take a Bite out of Monarchs Karen S. Oberhauser, Michael Anderson, Sophia Anderson, Wendy Caldwell, Alma De Anda, Mark Hunter, Matthew C. Kaiser, and Michelle J. Solensky7. Monarchs and Their Debilitating Parasites: Immunity, Migration, and Medicinal Plant Use Sonia Altizer and Jacobus C. de RoodePart Three. Monarchs in a Changing Climate: An Overview Kelly R. Nail and Karen S. Oberhauser8. What's Too Hot and What’s Too Cold? Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Extreme Temperatures on Developing Monarchs Kelly R. Nail, Rebecca V. Batalden, and Karen S. Oberhauser9. Microclimatic Protection of Overwintering Monarchs Provided by Mexico’s High-Elevation Oyamel Fir Forests: A Review Ernest H. Williams and Lincoln P. Brower10. Effect of the 2010–2011 Drought on the Lipid Content of Monarchs Migrating through Texas to Overwintering Sites in Mexico Lincoln P. Brower, Linda S. Fink, Ridlon J. Kiphart, Victoria Pocius, Raúl R. Zubieta, and M. Isabel Ramírez11. Estimating the Climate Signal in Monarch Population Decline: No Direct Evidence for an Impact of Climate Change? Myron P. Zalucki, Lincoln P. Brower, Stephen B. Malcolm, and Benjamin H. SlagerPart Four. Conserving North American Monarch Butterflies: An Overview Lincoln P. Brower and Linda S. Fink12. Understanding and Conserving the Western North American Monarch Population Sarina Jepsen and Scott Hoffman Black13. Threats to the Availability of Overwintering Habitat in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve: Land Use and Climate Change M. Isabel Ramírez, Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero, Gerald Rehfeldt, and Lidia Salas-Canela14. Monarch Butterflies and Agriculture John M. Pleasants15. Fires and Fire Management in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve Héctor Martínez-Torres, Mariana Cantú-Fernández, M. Isabel Ramírez, and Diego R. Pérez-Salicrup16. Project Milkweed: A Strategy for Monarch Habitat Conservation Brianna Borders and Eric Lee-Mäder17. Grassland and Roadside Management Practices Affect Milkweed Abundance and Opportunities for Monarch Recruitment Kristen A. Baum and Elisha K. MuellerPart Five. New Perspectives on Monarch Migration, Evolution, and Population Biology: An Overview Andrew K. Davis and Sonia Altizer18. Tracking the Fall Migration of Eastern Monarchs with Journey North Roost Sightings: New Findings about the Pace of Fall Migration Elizabeth Howard and Andrew K. Davis19. Potential Changes in Eastern North American Monarch Migration in Response to an Introduced Milkweed, Asclepias curassavica Rebecca V. Batalden and Karen S. Oberhauser20. Migration and Host Plant Use by the Southern Monarch, Danaus erippus Stephen B. Malcolm and Benjamin H. Slager21. Monarchs in the Mist: New Perspectives on Monarch Distribution in the Pacific Northwest Robert Michael Pyle22. Monarchs across the Atlantic Ocean: What’s Happening on the Other Shore? Juan Fernández-Haeger, Diego Jordano, and Myron P. Zalucki23. Unraveling the Mysteries of Monarch Migration and Global Dispersal through Molecular Genetic Techniques Amanda A. Pierce, Sonia Altizer, Nicola L. Chamberlain, Marcus R. Kronforst, and Jacobus C. de Roode24. Connecting Eastern Monarch Population Dynamics across Their Migratory Cycle Leslie Ries, Douglas J. Taron, Eduardo Rendón-Salinas, and Karen S. OberhauserReferences Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisThe brown recluse is a fascinating spider very well adapted to dwelling in houses and other buildings. It has become infamous throughout North America. In this book, Richard S. Vetter educates readers regarding the biology of the brown recluse spider and medical aspects of its...Trade Review"The Brown Recluse Spider is a concise summary of the current knowledge about an infamous spider, with clear relevance to the public perception of spiders in general. Richard S. Vetter has had years of experience conducting research on recluse spiders and educating the public as well as medical personnel. This book features new insights—interesting, amusing, and sometimes sad—drawn from his personal experiences with education efforts." -- Richard A. Bradley, The Ohio State University, author of Common Spiders of North America

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Book SynopsisA scientist before he was a beekeeper, Mark L. Winston found in his new hobby a paradigm for understanding the role science should play in society. In essays originally appearing as columns in Bee Culture, the leading professional journal, Winston...Trade ReviewA... readable book... that is equally interesting for scientists and beekeepers alike... Interesting! * Northeastern Naturalist *Mark Winston presents controversial but stimulating views on the peer review process for research proposals and scientific papers, the role of basic versus applied research, and accountability of university and government scientists to society. This well-written book will interest beekeepers and anyone interested in the role of honey bees in agriculture today. * Choice *

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Book SynopsisIn much of North America, crickets and katydids provide the soundtrack to summer nights, and grasshoppers frequent the fields and roadsides of midsummer days. Although insects from this group have long been the bane of those who make their living from...Trade ReviewOften heard, seldom seen, katydids and crickets and their calls epitomize summertime. Also familiar are grasshoppers, flashing their often colorful hind wings in sudden flight. Yet most lay people know little about these abundant insects or how to identify them. Most existing publications are regional or technical; authored by Capinera and Thomas J. Walker, two University of Florida entomologists, and Ralph D. Scott, a Montana-based biologist and scientific illustrator, this first field guide to U.S. and Canadian orthoptera introduces 206 of the most common species (more than a third of the total), each with an excellent color painting by Scott. It explains classification, morphology (illustrated), biology, sound production, and collection and preservation, and presents pictorial keys to families and subfamilies. Species accounts include common name, scientific name, distribution, map, description, ecology, and similar species comparisons. By connecting us to the natural world, field guides play a crucial role in the environmental movement. This splendid guide fills a gap in that effort and is recommended to amateurs and professionals alike. (Starred Review) * Library Journal *To study any living creature usefully, one must be able to identify it. Moreover, to the amateur naturalist, the ability to recognize and identify is an important part of the pleasure of observing the living world. John L. Capinera, Ralph D. Scott, and Thomas J. Walker have here produced a first-class example of a field guide, worthy of a place on the shelf of any North American naturalist. -- Andrew Harvey * Times Literary Supplement *

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Book SynopsisThis is the first comprehensive firefly guide for eastern and central North America ever published. It is written for all those who want to know more about the amazing world of lightning bugs and learn the secrets hidden in the flash patterns of the 75+ species found in the eastern and central US and Canada.

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Book SynopsisThe Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae are groups of nematodes that include almost 1,000 species from some forty genera. A number are of known agricultural importance, both in their own right as parasites of fungi or higher plants and/or as vectors of certain plant viruses. While monographs exist on the systematics and taxonomy of a number of nematode groups, no recent volume covers the three groups included here. This book aims to provide a practical, working guide to the taxa of the Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae, in such a form as to facilitate usage by both specialist taxonomists and general nematologists. Keys to generic level are included, each genus being diagnosed, illustrated and provided with a comprehensive list of nominal species and, where appropriate, synonyms. General notes on the bionomics and distribution are appended and some 22 species, mostly those of economic importance, are individually described in greater detail. In addition, a general in

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Book SynopsisApproximately 250 species of fruit fly have been found in assocaition with commercially produced fruits and vegeatbles, with the market increasing worldwide for these sorts of comestibles, demand is growing for knowledge on these pests.Fruit Flies of Economic Significance is a comprehensive identification to fruit fly pests across all regions, this work represents biosystematic information on fruit flies of the world that are of economic importance.This 1994 re-print of the popular 1992 book includes an addendum.Table of Contents1: Pest Management 2: Methods of collection and preparation 3: Terminology 4: Classification of Tephrited Fruit Flies 5: Keys to Fruit pests Tephritidae: adults 6: Keys to Fruit pests Tephritidae: third instar larvae 7: Species accounts: Fruit pests 8: Species accounts:Leaf, stem and root pests 9: Species accounts: Flower pests 10: Species accounts: Beneficial species 11: Distribution of Fruit Pest Tephritidae 12: Useful plants and their associated tephritids 13: Common names of host plants

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Book SynopsisNematodes are the most numerous metazoans in aquatic sediments. The majority of conducted studies on these aquatic forms focus mainly on those in marine and estuarine habitats. Nematodes from inland water bodies have been relatively forgotten or ignored. Recognizing this serious drawback and its impact on research on nematodes, this book brings together the available information on freshwater nematodes. It addresses the taxonomy of this extremely diverse phylum and provides analysis of its ecology in freshwater habitats from nematologists from 12 countries worldwide. Descriptions of each taxon at genus-level and above are provided with an augmenting pictorial guide to the currently valid genera. Also, a complete, up-to-date and valid species-list is given for every genus with an emphasis on those reported from freshwater bodies.Table of ContentsPart 1: Ecology 1: Introduction: summary of present knowledge and research addressing the ecology and taxonomy of freshwater nematodes, P De Ley, University of California, USA, W Decraemer, Ghent University, Belgium, and Eyualem-Abebe 2: Techniques for processing freshwater nematodes, M Hodda, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia, and Eyualem-Abebe 3: Composition and distribution of free-living aquatic nematodes: global and local perspectives, W Traunspurger and I C Michiels, University of Bielefield, Germany, and Eyualem-Abebe 4: Dynamics of limno-nematodes: abundance, biomass and diversity, Eyualem-Abebe, W Traunspurger, and I C Michiels 5: Production of freshwater nematodes, M Bergtold, University of Bielefield, Germany, and W Traunspurger 6: Feeding ecology of free-living benthic nematodes, T Moens, Ghent University, Belgium, M Bergtold, and W Traunspurger 7: Patterns in the size structure of freshwater nematode communities: the cases of Lakes Königssee and Brunnsee, Germany, W Traunspurger and M Bergtold 8: Freshwater nematodes in environmental science, S Hoes, W Traunspurger, and A Zullini, Universita di Milano-Bicocca, Italy 9: Nematodes in lotic systems, M Hodda 10: Nematodes from extreme freshwater habitats, M Hodda, A Ocaña, University of Granada, Spain, and W Traunspurger 11: Computation and application of nematode community indices: general guidelines, D A Neher and B J Darby, University of Vermont, USA Part II: Taxonomy 12: Order Enoplida, N Smol and A Coomans, Ghent University, Belgium 13: Order Triplonchida, A Zullini 14: Dorylaimida I: Superfamilies Belondiroidea, Nygolaimoidea, and Tylencholaimoidea, R Peña-Santiago, Universidad de Jaen, Spain 15: Dorylaimida II: superfamily Dorylaimoidea, M T Vinciguerra, Universita di Catania, Italy 16: Order Mononchida, A Zullini and V Peneva, Central Laboratory of General Ecology, Bulgaria 17: Orders Chromadorida, Desmodorida and Desmoscolecida, W Decraemer and N Smol 18: Order Monhysterida, A Coomans and Eyualem-Abebe 19: Order Araeolaimida, A Muthumbi, University of Nairobi, Kenya and A Vanreusel, Ghent University, Belgium 20: Order Plectida, O Holovachov, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine and P De Ley 21: Order Rhabditida: Suborder Tylenchina, W Bert and G Borgonie, Ghent University, Belgium 22: Order Rhabditida: Suborder Rhabditina, J Abolafia, Universidad de Jaen, Spain

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an invaluable review of the current methodologies used for assessing the environmental impacts of invertebrate biological agents used to control pests in agriculture and forestry. It explores methods to evaluate post-release effects and the environmental impact of dispersal, displacement and establishment of invertebrate biological control agents. It covers methodology on screening for contaminants, the use of molecular methods for species identification and the determination of interbreeding. The book also discusses the use and application of information on zoogeographical zones, statistical methods and risk-benefit analysis. It gives practical advice on how to perform science-based risk assessments and on how to use new technology and information.Table of Contents1: Current status and constraints in the assessment of non-target effects, 2: Selection of Non-Target Species for Host Specificity Testing, 3: Host Specificity in Arthropod Biological Control, Methods for Testing and Interpretation of the Data, 4: Measuring and Predicting Indirect Impacts of Biological control: Competition, displacement, and secondary interactions, 5: Risks of Interbreeding between species used in biological control and native species, and methods for evaluating its occurrence and impact, 6: Assessing the establishment potential of inundative biological control agents, 7: Methods for Monitoring the Dispersal of Natural Enemies from Point Source Releases Associated with Augmentative Biological Control, 8: Risks of plant damage caused by natural enemies introduced for arthropod biological control, 9: Methods for assessment of contaminants of invertebrate biological control agents and Associated Risks, 10: Post-Release Evaluation of Non-Target Effects of Biological Control Agents, 11: Molecular Methods for the Identification of biological control Agents at the species and strain level, 12: The usefulness of the Ecoregion Concept for safer import of Invertebrate biological control Agents, 13: Statistical tools to improve the quality of experiments and Data Analysis for assessing non-target effects, 14: Principles of environmental risk assessment with Emphasis on the New Zealand Perspective, 15: Environmental risk assessment: methods for comprehensive evaluation and quick scan, 16: Balancing environmental risks and benefits: a Basic Approach,

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Book SynopsisThe increasing use of integrated crop management, often requiring a reduction in the reliance upon chemical control, means that the need to rapidly identify pest nematodes has never been greater. This second edition of this standard reference work familiar to all plant nematologists is therefore even more useful than its predecessor published in 1986.The in-depth description of the life histories of the genera of the Tylenchida have been retained and brought up-to-date through the inclusion of all the research carried out between the publication of the last edition and this new edition. This expanded edition includes detailed diagnoses of well over 200 genera and familial and ordinal groups, and is well-illustrated with drawings of type or representative species. These, together with comprehensive lists of species and genera and their synonymies provide the foundation for the status and validation of each taxon within the Tylenchida. A considerable amount of information is provided regTable of Contents1: Introduction, historical review and techniques 2: Morphological characters and taxonomic methods 3: Order Tylenchida 4: Suborder Tylenchina 5: Infraorder Anguinata 6: Suborder Hoplolaimina 7: Superfamily Dolichodoroidea 8: Suborder Criconematina 9: Family Criconematidae 10: Suborder Hexatylina

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Book SynopsisDomestic livestock in Africa are of importance not only as a source of milk and meat but also as a source of animal traction enabling farmers to cultivate larger areas, with crops providing the staple foods. Trypanosomosis, a parasitic disease transmitted cyclically by the tsetse fly (Glossina spp), is arguably still the main constraint to livestock production on the continent, preventing full use of the land to feed the rapidly increasing human population. Sleeping sickness, the disease caused in humans by species of Trypanosoma, is an important and neglected disease posing a threat to millions of people in tsetse-infested areas. Often wrongly thought of as a disease of the past, the prevalence of human sleeping sickness is increasing in many areas. Although alternative methods to control the disease are being investigated, such as immunological approaches, use of chemotherapy or exploitation of the trypanotolerance trait, it is only control or eradication of the tsetse fly vector whiTable of ContentsPart 1: Tsetse Biology and Ecology 1: Introduction 2: Classification and Anatomy 3: Biology 4: Physiology 5: Genetics 6: Sampling Tsetse Populations 7: Ecology – Distribution and Habitats 8: Behavioural Ecology 9: Population Dynamics 10: Odour Attractants Part 2: Epidemiology 11: Host–Parasite Interactions 12: Epidemiology of Human Sleeping Sickness 13: Epidemiology of Trypanosomosis in Domestic Livestock 14: Estimation of Disease Risk – Models of Disease Transmission Part 3: Vector Control 15: Insecticidal Spraying 16: Traps and Targets 17: Application of Insecticides to Livestock 18: Non-Insecticidal Methods of Tsetse Control 19: General Issues Relating to the Successful Use of Tsetse Control Techniques Part 4: Control of Trypanosomosis 20: Control of Trypanosomosis in Domestic Livestock

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Book SynopsisPalms constitute one of the largest botanical families, and include some of the world's most important economic plants. They are also unequalled as outdoor and indoor ornamental plants, and include many species that are essential components of the ecosystems of tropical and other warm regions. This book reviews the inter-relationships between palms and insects, emphasising the similarities in different world regions. The host plants, distribution, and bionomics of representative insects are discussed according to their feeding sites on palms (foliage, flowers, fruits, and stems) and their taxonomic groups. Host and distribution records for the most extensively represented insect families on palms are tabulated. Pest management and field techniques are also covered. This book is recommended reading for tropical biologists and agriculturalists, including entomologists, horticulturists and tropical ecologists as well as palm nursery growers, managers and enthusiasts.Table of Contents1: The animal class Insecta and the plant family Palmae, Forrest W Howard 2: Defoliators on palms 3: Lepidoptera, Forrest W Howard and Reynaldo G Abad 4: Coleoptera, Forrest W Howard and Reynaldo G Abad 5: Orthoptera, Dave Moore and Forrest W Howard 6: Phasmida and Hymenoptera, Forrest W Howard 7: Sap-feeders on palms, Forrest W Howard 8: Hemiptera: Heteroptera, Forrest W Howard 9: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha, Forrest W Howard and Michael R Wilson, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff 10: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Forrest W Howard 11: Thysanoptera, Forrest W Howard 12: Acari, Dave Moore and Forrest W Howard 13: Insects of palm flowers and fruits, Dave Moore 14: Borers of palms, Robin M Giblin-Davis 15: Population regulation of palm pests, Dave Moore 16: Principles of insect pest control on palms, Forrest W Howard 17: Field techniques for studies of palm insects, Forrest W Howard

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses these topical issues and is based on a Discussion Meeting held at the Royal Society, London, in April 1998. Contributors include scientists from leading research groups in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. The papers have also been published as an issue of the journal Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, published by the Royal Society. Topics covered include molecular genetics, mechanisms, ecological genetics and management. There is also discussion of the genetically delivered toxicant derived from the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. The book is essential reading for agricultural, medical and veterinary entomologists concerned with pest management.Table of Contents1: Genes and Mechanisms 2: The Evolution of Insecticide Resistance in the Peach-Potato Aphid, Myzus persicae, A L Devonshire, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK, et al. 3: Why are there so few Resistance-associated Mutations in Insecticide Target Genes? R H ffrench-Constant et al., University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA 4: The Role of Gene Splicing, Gene Amplification and Regulation in Mosquito Insecticide Resistance, J Hemingway, University of Wales Cardiff, UK, et al. 5: Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases and Insecticide Resistance in Insects, J-B Bergé, INRA, Antibes Cedex, France, et al. 6: An Overview of the Evolution of Overproduced Esterases in the Mosquito Culex pipiens, M Raymond et al., Université de Montpellier II, France 7: A Genomic Approach to Understanding Heliothis and Helicoverpa Resistance to Chemical and Biological Insecticides, D G Heckel, Clemson University, USA, et al. 8: The Influence of the Molecular Basis of Resistance on Insecticide Discovery, M D Broadhurst, Western Research Centre, Richmond, USA 9: Ecological Genetics and Management 10: Predicting Insecticide Resistance: Mutagenesis, Selection and Response, J A McKenzie and P Batterham, University of Melbourne, Australia 11: Resistance to Insecticides in Heliothine Lepidoptera: a Global View, A R McCaffery, The University of Reading, UK 12: Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis: Uniform or Diverse? B E Tabashnik, University of Arizona, USA, et al. 13: Challenges with Managing Insecticide Resistance in Agricultural Pests, Exemplified by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci, I Denholm et al. 14: Can Anything be done to Maintain the Effectiveness of Pyrethroid-impregnated Bednets Against Malaria Vectors? C F Curtis et al., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK 15: Two-toxin Strategies for Management of Insecticidal Transgenic Crops: can Pyramiding Succeed Where Pesticide Mixtures Have Not? R T Roush, University of Adelaide, Australia

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Book SynopsisThis book, in three volumes, presents a detailed revision of the systematics and taxonomy of the platyhelminth class Trematoda, subclasses Aspidogastrea and Digenea, with keys for the identification of these parasites at the superfamily, family, subfamily and generic levels.The trematodes are parasitic worms infecting all vertebrate groups and include families of significance to human and animal health, with considerable economic impact. Volume 1 covers the subclass Aspidogastrea and order Strigeida, while the second and third volumes will cover the orders Echinostomida and Plagiorchiida.Table of Contents1: Class Trematoda Rudolphi, 1808 2: Subclass Aspidogastrea Faust & Tang, 1936 3: Subclass Digenea Carus, 1863 4: Superfamily Azygioidea Liihe, 1909 5: Superfamily Bivesiculoidea Yamaguti, 1934 6: Superfamily BrachylaimoideaJoyeux & Foley, 1930 7: Family Brachylaimidae Joyeux & Foley, 1930 8: Family Hasstilesiidae Hall, 1916 9: Family Leucochloridiidae Poche, 1907 10: Family Leucochloridiomorphidae Yamaguti, 1958 11: Family Moreauiidae Johnston, 1915 12: Family Ovariopteridae Leonov, Spasskii & Kulikov, 1963 13: Family Panopistidae Yamaguti, 1958 14: Family Thapariellidae Srivastava 15: Superfamily Bucephaloidea Poche, 1907 16: Superfamily Clinostomoidea Lühe, 1901 17: Family Clinostomidae Lühe, 1901 18: Family Liolopidae Odhner, 1912 19: Superfamily Cyclocoeloidea Stossich, 1902 20: Family Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902 21: Family Eucotylidae Cohn, 1904 22: Family Typhlocoelidae Harrah, 1922 23: Superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886 24: Family Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 25: Family Bolbocephalodidae Strand, 1935 26: Family Brauninidae Wolf, 1903 27: Family Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 28: Family Proterodiplostomidae Dubois, 1936 29: Family Strigeidae Railliet, 1919 30: Superfamily Gymnophalloidea Odhner, 1905 31: Family Gymnophallidae Odhner, 1905 32: Family Botulisaccidae Yamaguti, 1971 33: Family Callodistomidae Odhner, 1910 34: Family Fellodistomidae Nicoll, 1909 35: Family Tandanicolidae Johnston, 1927 36: Superfamily Hemiuroidea Looss, 1899 37: Family Hemiuridae Looss, 1899 38: Family Accacoeliidae Odhner, 1911 39: Family Bathycotylidae Dollfus, 1932 40: Family Derogenidae Nicoll, 1910 41: Family Dictysarcidae Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1955 42: Family Hirudinellidae Dollfus, 1932 43: Family Isoparorchiidae Travassos, 1922 44: Family Lecithasteridae Odhner, 1905 45: Family Ptychogonimidae Dollfus, 1937 46: Family Sclerodistomidae Odhner, 1927 47: Family Sclerodistomoididae Gibson & Bray, 1979 48: Family Syncoeliidae Looss, 1899 49: Superfamily Schistosomatoidea Stiles & Hassall, 1898 50: Family Schistosomatidae Stiles & Hassall, 1898 51: Family Sanguinicolidae von Graff, 1907 52: Family Spirorchiidae Stunkard, 1921 53: Superfamily Transversotrematoidea Witenberg, 1944

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Book SynopsisNematodes are the most abundant and diversified group in the animal kingdom, with four out of five animals on earth being nematodes. Nematology was first recognised as an independent discipline during the early part of the century and since that time has made unparalleled advances to become an integral part of biological sciences. Written as two volumes, this title provides a broad overview of our current knowledge of nematology. The first volume addresses basic biology, while the second volume covers applied aspects of nematodes as parasites of plants, humans and other animals, or as disease vectors, and the control of pest nematodes. The contributors to this work include the world's leading authorities from Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, New Zealand, UK and USA. It will provide essential reading for researchers and students with an interest in nematology.Table of Contents1: A century of nematology. Ken R. Barker 2: Perspectives on nematology in the 21st century. John M. Webster 3: Developmental biology of nematodes, what we learn from Caenorhabditis elegans. Marie-Anne Félix 4: Nematode morphology, sensory structure and function. James G. Baldwin and Roland N. Perry 5: Nematode esophageal glands and plant parasitism. Richard S. Hussey and Eric L. Davis 6: Surface adhesion to nematodes and its consequences. Alan F. Bird 7: Nematode behavior and migrations through soil and host tissue. A. Forest Robinson 8: Background for nematode ecology in the 21st century. Gregor W. Yeates and Brian Boag 9: Marine nematode biodiversity. P. John. D. Lambshead 10: Population dynamics. Robert McSorley and Larry Duncan 11: Entomophilic nematode models for studying biodiversity and cospeciation. R. Giblin-Davis, Kelley Thomas, Kerrie Davies, and Gary Taylor 12: Cultivation of nematodes. Paul De Ley and Manuel Mundo-Ocampo

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Book SynopsisNematodes are the most abundant and diversified group in the animal kingdom, with four out of five animals on earth being nematodes. Nematology was first recognised as an independent discipline during the early part of the century and since that time has made unparalleled advances to become an integral part of biological sciences. Written as two volumes, this title provides a broad overview of our current knowledge of nematology. The first volume addresses basic biology, while this second volume covers applied aspects of nematodes as parasites of plants, humans and other animals, or as disease vectors, and the control of pest nematodes. The contributors to this work include the world's leading authorities from Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, New Zealand, UK and USA. It will provide essential reading for researchers and students with an interest in nematology.Table of Contents1: Plant diseases caused by nematodes, R H M Lopez, K Evans, Rothamsted Research, UK and J Bridge, CABI Bioscience, UK 2: Virus vectors, D J F Brown, Scottish Crop Research Institute, UK, J Zheng and X Zhou 3: Physiological interactions between nematodes and their host plants, H Melakeberhan, Michigan State University, USA 4: Insect Parasitic Nematodes, K B Nguyen and G C Smart, Jr., University of Florida, USA 5: Resistance to plant-parasitic nematodes, J L Starr, Texas A & M University, USA and P A Roberts 6: Crop rotation and other cultural practices, J M Halbrendt, Fruit Research and Ext. Center, Pennsylvania, USA and J A LaMondia, The Connecticut Ag. Expt. Station, Connecticut 7: Use of antagonistic plants and natural products, S Ferraz, Universidad Federal de Vicosa, Brazil 8: Biological control with fungal antagonists, S Chen and D W Dickson 9: Biological control of nematodes by bacterial antagonists, Z X Chen and D W Dickson 10: Biological control of insects and other invertebrates with nematodes, H Kaya and A Koppenhofer, University of California - Davis, USA 11: Cost-benefits of nematode management through regulatory programs, P S Lehman, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida, USA 12: Nematicides: Past and present uses, J R Rich, University of Florida, Quincy, USA, R A Dunn and J W Noling 13: Irradiation effects on plant-parasitic nematodes, D W Dickson

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive volume contains some sixty papers and reviews presented at the First International Symposium on Abalone Biology, Fisheries and Culture held in La Paz, Mexico. Introductory reviews in the book focus on the evolutionary origin, radiation and modern relationships of the genus Haliotis.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Keynote address. PART I: EVOLUTION, DISTRIBUTION AND GENETICS. 1. Evolution, distribution and systematics of Haliotidae (David R. Lindberg). 2. Genetic relationships within the genus Haliotis (L.D. Brown and N.D. Murrray). 3. Population genetics, gene flow, and stock structure in Haliotis rubra and Haliotis laevigata (L.D. Brown and N.D. Murray). 4. Water movement and the ecology and evolution of the Haliotidae (Brian N,. Tissot). PART II: PHYSIOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION. 5. Review of endocrine regulation of reproduction in abalone Haliotis spp (Kirk O. Hahn). 6. Abalone egg vitelline layers and hybrid gamete interactions (Cynthia L. Lewis, Robin Eickhoff, Charles Stringham, Kirk Milhoan and Kevin tubgbs). 7. The effects of gas supersaturation on the behaviour, growth and mortality of red abalone, Halioits rufescens (Sawainson) (Amy Leitman). 8. Fecundity and optimal sperm density for fertilization in the ormer (Haliiotis tuberculata L.). PART III: LARVAL ECOLOGY AND SETTLEMENT. 9. Implications of dissolved organic material in seawater for the energetics of abalone larvae Haliotis rufescens: a review (Donal T. Manahan and William B. Jaeckle). 10. Molecular mechanism controlling metamorphosis and recruitment in abalone larvae (Daniel E. Morse). 11. Early life history of abalone: a review (Paul E. Mcshane). PART IV: FEEDING AND GROWTH. 12. The determinants and measurement of abalone growth (R.W. Day and A.E. Fleming). 13. Food preferences of three Australian abalone species with a review of the algal food of abalone (S.A. Shephard and P.D. Steinberg). 14. Algal feeding stimulants for abalone (Kanzo Sakata and Kazuo Ina). 15. Feeding attraction activity of fragrant and pungent spice extracts in black abalone, Haliotis discus (Katsuhiko Harada). PART V: DISEASES. 16. Investigations into a mortality among populations of the California Black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, on the central coast of California, USA (J.R. Stenbeck, J.M. Groff, C.S. Freidman, T. Mcdowell and R.P. Hedrick). 17. Mass mortality and withering syndrome in black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, in California (Peter L. Haaker, Daniel V. Richards, Carolyn S. Friedman, Gary E. Davis, David O. Parker and Heidi A. Togstad). 18. Aspects of the biology of the black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) near Diablo Canyon, central California (James B. Blecha, David C. Sommerville and J ohn R,. Steinbeck). 19. Abalone population declines and fishery management in southern California (Gary E. David, Daniel V. Richards, Peter L. Haaker adn David O. Parker). PART VI: FISHERY BIOLOGY. 20. A review of models used for stock assessment in abalone fisheries (Paul A. Breen). 21. Mortality in abalone: its estimation, variability and causes (S.A. Shepherd and P.A. Breen). 22. Using a spatial model to explore the dynamics of an exploited stock of the abalone Haliotis rubra (Jeremy D. Prince). 23. An evaluation of egg-per-recruit analysis as a means of assessing size limits for blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) in Tasmania (Warwick J. Nash). PART VII: CASE STUDIE OF ABALONE FISHERIES. 24. A review of the biology of abalone and its fishery in Mexico (Sergio A. Guzman Del Proo). 25. Alternativas cientificas para la recuperacion de los recursos abuloneros de la Baja California, Mexico: administracion, biologico-pesquera y acuacultura (Scientific alternatives for the recovery of abalone resources of Baja California, Mexico) (Rodolfo Ramirez-Granados). 26. The California red abalone fishery: a case study in complexity (Mia J. Tegner, John D. Demartini and Konstantin A. Karpov). 27. Case histories for three species of California abalone, Haliotis corrugata, H. Fulgens and H. cracherodii (David O. Parker, Peter L. Haaker and Heidi A. Togstad). 28. Fisheries Management and biology of northern abalone, Haliotis Kamtschatkana, in the northeast Pacific (S. Farlinger and A. Campbell). 29. Australian abalone fisheries and their management (J.D. Prince and S.A. Shepherd). 30. The paua (abalone) fishery of New Zealand (David R. Schiel). 31. The abalone fishery of South Africa (Robert J.Q. Tarr). 32. The Sultanate of Oman abalone fishery (D.W. Johnson, Ali Al-Harassy adn Mohm'D Al-Harthy). 33. The ormer (Haliotisw tuberculata) fishery of France and the Channel Islands (Jacques Clavier). PART VIII: STOCK ENHANCEMENT : INTRODUCTIONS. 34. Brood-stock transplants as an approach to abalone stock enhancement (Mia J. Tegner). 35. The enhancement of paua (Haliotis iris Martyn) populations in New Zealand (David R. Schiel). 36. The introduction of abalone into Chile (Cecilia Godoy, Gabriel Jerez and Francisco Ponce). PART IX: CULTURE. 37. Review of genetics and stock management of the Pacific abalone (K. Fujino). 38. Review of the nutritional requirement of abalone (Haliotis spp._ and development of more efficient artificial diets (Nagahisa Uki and Takeshi Watanabe). 39. A study of polyspermy in abalone (Jose Luis Stephano). 40. Growth models and food conversion of cultured juvenile red abalone (Haliotis refescens) (Jennifer L. Greenier adn John Y. Takeawa). 41. Desarrollo y estado actual del cultivo de abulon en Mexico (Development and present status of abalone culture in Mexico) (Alfredo E. Salas Garza and Ricardo Searcy Bernal). 42. Investigaciones en Mexico sobre la etapa critica de la produccion de semilla de abulon (Haliotis spp.) (Research in Mexico on the critical stage of abalone (Haliotis spp.) seed production) (Ricardo Sarcy Bernal, Alfredo E. Salas Garza and Roberto A. Flores Aguilar). 43. Produciion de semilla de abulon en el laboratrio: el metodo de Bahia Tortugas BCS, Mexico (Abaloen seed production in the laboratory) (Jose Manuel Mazon-Suastegui, Luis Bazua-Sicre, Gustavo Lucero-Martinez and Ruben Rodriquez -Ramos. 44. Abalone aquaculture: a North America regional review (Early E. Evert). 45. The New Zealand culture system for abalone (L.J. Tong and G.A. Moss). 46. A review of abalone culture in China (Zong Qing Nie). Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a team of leading international specialists, this book comprehensively covers current knowledge of the chemical ecology of insect parasitoids. Chapters are organized in order to present the most significant discoveries of the last few decades, and on their potential application in pest control strategies.Trade Review“This volume will contribute to future syntheses and help integrate insect parasitoids within chemical and community ecology and, hopefully, eventual strategic applications in pest management programs. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, researchers/faculty, and professionals.” (Choice, 1 January 2014) Table of ContentsContributors xi 1 Chemical ecology of insect parasitoids: towards a new era 1 Stefano Colazza and Eric Wajnberg Abstract 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Integrating behavioural ecology and chemical ecology in insect parasitoids 3 1.3 The use of chemical ecology to improve the efficacy of insect parasitoids in biological control programmes 4 1.4 Overview 5 1.5 Conclusions 6 Acknowledgements 6 References 7 Part 1 Basic concepts 9 2 Plant defences and parasitoid chemical ecology 11 Paul J. Ode Abstract 11 2.1 Introduction 12 2.2 Plant defences against a diversity of attackers 13 2.2.1 Plant defence signalling pathways 13 2.2.2 Plant volatiles and parasitoids 16 2.2.3 Plant toxins and parasitoids 18 2.2.4 Cross-talk between plant defence pathways 21 2.3 Above-ground–below-ground interactions and parasitoids 24 2.4 Climate change and parasitoid chemical ecology 25 2.5 Conclusions 28 Acknowledgements 28 References 28 3 Foraging strategies of parasitoids in complex chemical environments 37 Nicole Wäschke, Torsten Meiners and Michael Rostás Abstract 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Chemical complexity 40 3.2.1 Plant species diversity and habitat location 40 3.2.2 Variability in host plant traits and their effects on parasitoid host location 42 3.3 Foraging strategies of parasitoids in chemically complex environments 48 3.3.1 Behavioural responses to chemical complexity 48 3.3.2 Learning, sensory fi lters and neural constraints affecting strategies for dealing with complexity 50 3.3.3 Infl uences of life history traits on foraging strategy 51 3.4 Conclusions 53 References 54 4 Chemical ecology of insect parasitoids in a multitrophic above- and below-ground context 64 Roxina Soler, T. Martijn Bezemer and Jeffrey A. Harvey Abstract 64 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Influence of root feeders on above-ground insect herbivores 67 4.3 Influence of soil-borne symbionts on above-ground insect herbivores 69 4.4 Plant-mediated effects of root feeders and soil-borne symbionts on growth and development of parasitoids 70 4.5 Effects of root-feeding insects on HIPVs and host location of parasitoids 74 4.6 Expanding an above–below-ground bitrophic reductionist perspective 76 Acknowledgement 79 References 79 5 A hitch-hiker’s guide to parasitism: the chemical ecology of phoretic insect parasitoids 86 Martinus E. Huigens and Nina E. Fatouros Abstract 86 5.1 Phoresy 87 5.2 Prevalence of phoretic parasitoids 87 5.3 Important parasitoid and host traits 90 5.3.1 Parasitoid traits 90 5.3.2 Host traits 92 5.4 Chemical espionage on host pheromones 93 5.4.1 Espionage on male aggregation pheromone 93 5.4.2 Espionage on sex pheromones 98 5.4.3 Espionage on anti-sex pheromones 99 5.5 Coevolution between phoretic spies and hosts 100 5.6 Biological control 103 5.7 Future perspectives 103 Acknowledgements 104 References 105 6 Novel insights into pheromone-mediated communication in parasitic hymenopterans 112 Joachim Ruther Abstract 112 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Pheromones and sexual behaviour 119 6.2.1 Volatile sex attractants 119 6.2.2 Female-derived courtship pheromones 124 6.2.3 Male-derived courtship pheromones 127 6.3 Other pheromones 128 6.3.1 Marking pheromones 128 6.3.2 Putative alarm and appeasement pheromones 129 6.3.3 Aggregation pheromones 130 6.3.4 Anti-aggregation pheromones 130 6.4 Variability in pheromone-mediated sexual behaviour 131 6.4.1 Innate plasticity of pheromone behaviour 131 6.4.2 Learnt plasticity of pheromone behaviour 131 6.4.3 Plasticity of pheromone behaviour caused by abiotic factors 132 6.5 Pheromone biosynthesis 132 6.6 Evolution of parasitoid sex pheromones 133 6.7 Conclusions and outlook 135 References 136 7 Chemical ecology of tachinid parasitoids 145 Satoshi Nakamura, Ryoko T. Ichiki and Yooichi Kainoh Abstract 145 7.1 Introduction 146 7.2 Long-range orientation 155 7.2.1 Long-range orientation by direct type parasitoids 155 7.2.2 Long-range orientation by indirect type parasitoids 157 7.2.3 Host pheromones used by direct type parasitoids 158 7.3 Short-range orientation 159 7.3.1 Short-range orientation by direct type parasitoids 159 7.3.2 Short-range orientation by indirect type parasitoids 161 7.4 Conclusions 163 Acknowledgements 163 References 164 8 Climate change and its effects on the chemical ecology of insect parasitoids 168 Jarmo K. Holopainen, Sari J. Himanen and Guy M. Poppy Abstract 168 8.1 On climate change and chemical ecology 169 8.2 Direct climate change impacts on parasitoids 171 8.3 Climate change and bottom-up impacts on parasitoids: herbivore host and plant host quality 172 8.4 Impacts of climate change-related abiotic stresses on parasitoid ecology and behaviour 175 8.4.1 Impacts of elevated temperature 175 8.4.2 Precipitation and drought 176 8.4.3 Gaseous reactive air pollutants 177 8.4.4 Atmospheric CO2 concentration 179 8.4.5 Parasitoid response to combined abiotic stresses 180 8.5 Climate change impacts on biological control 181 8.6 Ecosystem services provided by parasitoids: impact of changing climate 182 8.7 Future research directions and conclusions 184 References 185 Part 2 Applied concepts 191 9 Chemical ecology of insect parasitoids: essential elements for developing effective biological control programmes 193 Torsten Meiners and Ezio Peri Abstract 193 9.1 Introduction 194 9.2 Essential elements in parasitoid chemical ecology 196 9.3 Manipulation of the population levels of natural enemies by semiochemicals 201 9.4 Limits and perspectives of behavioural manipulation of parasitoids by applying semiochemicals 204 9.5 Cautionary example: interspecifi c competitive interactions in parasitoids 210 9.6 Conclusions 212 References 213 10 The application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management for arable crops 225 Maria Carolina Blassioli-Moraes, Miguel Borges and Raul Alberto Laumann Abstract 225 10.1 Arable crops: characteristics of the systems and trophic interactions mediated by chemical cues 226 10.2 Methodologies for using chemical cues to attract and retain parasitoids in arable crops 227 10.2.1 Direct application of semiochemicals 228 10.2.2 Environmental manipulation 236 10.3 Final considerations 237 Acknowledgements 239 References 239 11 Application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management for orchards and vineyards 245 Stefano Colazza, Ezio Peri and Antonino Cusumano Abstract 245 11.1 Introduction 246 11.2 Pheromone-based tactics in orchards and vineyards 247 11.2.1 Host sex pheromones 247 11.2.2 Parasitoid pheromones 248 11.3 Allelochemical-based manipulation in orchards and vineyards 249 11.3.1 Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) 249 11.3.2 Host-associated volatiles (HAVs) 257 11.4 Conclusions 260 Acknowledgement 261 References 261 12 Application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management for organic crops 266 Marja Simpson, Donna M.Y. Read and Geoff M. Gurr Abstract 266 12.1 Introduction: organic farming and compatibility of chemical cues 267 12.2 Overview of plant defences involving plant volatiles 268 12.3 The use of synthetic HIPVs in pest management 269 12.4 Arthropod pest management strategies used in organic farming 273 12.5 Potential for extending chemical cue use in organic systems 275 12.6 Conclusions 277 References 277 13 Application of chemical cues in arthropod pest management for forest trees 282 Timothy D. Paine Abstract 282 13.1 Forest insect herbivores and natural enemy host/prey finding 283 13.2 Introduction to forest systems 285 13.3 Examples from North America 287 13.3.1 Native bark beetles in plantation and unmanaged forests 287 13.3.2 Introduced defoliator in urban and unmanaged forests 288 13.3.3 Introduced wood borer in plantation and urban environments 289 13.4 Conclusions 290 References 291 Index 296

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Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive scholarly treatment of bed bugs since 1966 This book updates and expands on existing material on bed bugs with an emphasis on the worldwide resurgence of both the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., and the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.). It incorporates extensive new data from a wide range of basic and applied research, as well as the recently observed medical, legal, and regulatory impacts of bed bugs. Advances in the Biology and Management of Modern Bed Bugs offers new information on the basic science and advice on using applied management strategies and bed bug bioassay techniques. It also presents cutting-edge information on the major impacts that bed bugs have had on the medical, legal, housing and hotel industries across the world, as well as their impacts on public health. Advances in the Biology and Management of Modern Bed Bugs offers chapters that cover the history of bed bugs; their global resurgence; their impact on society; their basiTable of ContentsList of Contributors xix Foreword xxiii Acknowledgments xxv Introduction 1Stephen L. Doggett, Dini M. Miller and Chow-Yang Lee Part I Bed Bugs in Society 7 1 Bed Bugs Through History 9Michael F. Potter 2 Bed Bugs in Popular Culture 27Stephen L. Doggett and David Cain Part II The Global Bed Bug Resurgence 43 3 The Bed Bug Resurgence in North America 45Dini M. Miller 4 The Bed Bug Resurgence in Latin America 51Roberto M. Pereira, Ana Eugenia de Carvalho Campos, Joao Justi (Jr.) and Márcio R. Lage 5 The Bed Bug Resurgence in Europe and Russia 59Richard Naylor, Ondřej Balvín, Pascal Delaunay, and Mohammad Akhoundi References 66 6 The Bed Bug Resurgence in Asia 69Chow‐Yang Lee, Motokazu Hirao, Changlu Wang, and Yijuan Xu 7 The Bed Bug Resurgence in Australia 81Stephen L. Doggett and Toni Cains 8 The Bed Bug Resurgence in Africa 87Josephus Fourie and Dionne Crafford 9 The Bed Bug Resurgence in the Indian Subcontinent 95Anil S. Rao and Joshua A. Rao 10 The Bed Bug Resurgence in the Middle East 101Odelon Del Mundo Reyes Part III Bed Bug Impacts 107 11 Dermatology and Immunology 109Shelley Ji Eun Hwang, Stephen L. Doggett and Pablo Fernandez‐Penas 12 Bed Bugs and Infectious Diseases 117Stephen L. Doggett 13 Mental Health Impacts 127Stéphane Perron, Geneviève Hamelin and David Kaiser 14 Miscellaneous Health Impacts 133Stephen L. Doggett 15 Fiscal Impacts 139Stephen L. Doggett, Dini M. Miller, Karen Vail and Molly S. Wilson Part IV Bed Bug Biology 149 16 Bed Bug Biology 151Sophie E.F. Evison, William T. Hentley, Rebecca Wilson, and Michael T. Siva‐Jothy 17 Chemical Ecology 163Gerhard Gries 18 Population Genetics 173Warren Booth, Coby Schal and Edward L. Vargo 19 Physiology 183Joshua B. Benoit 20 Symbionts 193Mark Goodman 21 Bed Bug Laboratory Maintenance 199Mark F. Feldlaufer, Linda‐Lou O’Connor and Kevin R. Ulrich Part V Bed Bug Management 209 22 Bed Bug Industry Standards: Australia 211Stephen L. Doggett 23 Bed Bug Industry Standards: Europe 217Richard Naylor 24 Bed Bug Industry Standards: USA 221Jim Fredericks 25 A Pest Control Company Perspective 225Joelle F. Olson, Mark W. Williams and David G. Lilly 26 Prevention 233Molly S. Wilson 27 Detection and Monitoring 241Richard Cooper and Changlu Wang 28 Non‐chemical Control 257Stephen A. Kells 29 Insecticide Resistance 273Alvaro Romero 30 Chemical Control 285Chow‐Yang Lee, Dini M. Miller and Stephen L. Doggett 31 Limitations of Bed Bug Management Technologies 311Stephen L. Doggett and Mark F. Feldlaufer 32 Bed Bug Education 323Jody Gangloff‐Kaufmann, Allison Taisey Allen and Dini M. Miller Part VI Bed Bug Control in Specific Situations 331 33 Low‐income Housing 333Richard Cooper and Changlu Wang 34 Multi‐Unit Housing 341Dini M. Miller 35 Shelters 347Molly S. Wilson 36 Hotels 351David Cain 37 Healthcare Facilities 357Stephen L. Doggett 38 Aircraft 363Adam Juson and Catherine Juson 39 Cruise Ships and Trains 369David G. Lilly and Garry Jones 40 Poultry Industry 375Allen Szalanski Part VII Legal Issues 383 41 Bed Bugs and the Law in the USA 385Jeffrey Lipman and Dini M. Miller 42 Bed Bugs and the Law in the United Kingdom 397Clive Boase 43 Bed Bugs and the Law in Australia 403Toni Cains, David G. Lilly and Stephen L. Doggett 44 Bed Bugs and the Law in Asia 409Andrew Ho‐Ohara and Chow‐Yang Lee 45 On Being an Expert Witness 413Paul J. Bello and Dini M. Miller Part VIII Bed Bugs: the Future 419 46 Bed Bugs: the Future 421Chow‐Yang Lee, Dini M. Miller and Stephen L. Doggett Index 429

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Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive reference to invertebrate histology Invertebrate Histology is a groundbreaking text that offers a comprehensive review of histology in invertebrates. Designed for use by anyone studying, diagnosing, or researching invertebrates, the book covers all major taxonomic groups with details of the histologic features, with color photographs and drawings that clearly demonstrate gross anatomy and histology. The authors, who are each experts in the histology of their respective taxa, bring together the most recent information on the topic into a single, complete volume. An accessible resource, each chapter focuses on a single taxonomic group with salient gross and histologic features that are clearly described in the text and augmented with color photographs and greyscale line drawings. The histologic images are from mostly hematoxylin and eosin stained microscopic slides showing various organ systems at high and low magnification. In addition, each chapter provides hTrade Review"The publication of Invertebrate Histology finally provides a central and exhaustive reference for the gross and microscopic anatomy of the major invertebrate phyla.... While the information about taxonomy and life history are illuminating, it is the detailed gross and histological reference images, line drawings, and abundant text explanations that really make this book indispensable to the veterinary anatomical pathologist. These will allow the pathologist to describe the location of histological lesions accurately and consistently, and by extension, interpret their significance with more confidence.... I think most veterinary pathologists would find this text fascinating and quickly come to rely upon it as a reference for normal invertebrate structures at the gross and microscopic level."—Reviewed by Dr. Christine Bayley for The ScopeTable of ContentsList of Contributors ix Foreword xiGregory A. Lewbart 1 Echinodermata Alisa L. Newton and Michelle M. Dennis 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Gross Anatomy 1 1.3 Histology 6 References 17 2 Porifera 19Alexander Ereskovsky and Andrey Lavrov 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Gross Anatomy 20 2.3 Histology 22 2.4 Organ Systems 31 Abbreviations for Figures 45 References 46 3 Cnidaria 55Ilze K. Berzins, Roy P. E. Yanong, Elise E.B. LaDouceur, and Esther C. Peters 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Gross Anatomy 56 3.3 Histology 62 3.4 Conclusion 81 Appendix 3.1 Specimen Relaxation and Common Fixative Formulations 81 Appendix 3.2 Basic Histology Protocol for Processing Scleractinian Corals (refer to Price and Peters (2018) for more detailed techniques) 82 References 83 4 Mollusca: Gastropoda 87Michelle M. Dennis, Kinga Molnár, György Kriska, and Péter Lőw 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Gross Anatomy 88 4.3 Histology 91 4.4 Histology Processing Techniques 127 References 128 5 Mollusca: Cephalopoda 133Jennifer A. Dill-Okubo, Ilze K. Berzins, Elise E.B. LaDouceur, and Alvin C. Camus 5.1 Introduction 133 5.2 Gross Anatomy 133 5.3 Histology 140 References 161 6 Mollusca: Bivalvia 163 Roxanna Smolowitz 6.1 Introduction 163 6.2 Gross Anatomy 163 6.3 Histology 170 References 182 7 Annelida 185Kinga Molnár, György Kriska, and Péter Lőw 7.1 Introduction 185 7.2 Gross Anatomy 187 7.3 Histology 189 References 218 8 Arthropoda: Arachnida 221Benjamin Kennedy, Steven A. Trim, Damien Laudier, Elise E.B. LaDouceur, and John E. Cooper 8.1 Introduction 221 8.2 Gross Anatomy 222 8.3 Histology 226 References 243 9 Arthropoda: Merostomata 247Elise E.B. LaDouceur, Michael M. Garner, Katie J. Roorda, and Alisa L. Newton 9.1 Introduction 247 9.2 Gross Anatomy 247 9.3 Histology 249 References 260 10 Arthropoda: Myriapoda 263Alisa L. Newton and Elise E.B. LaDouceur 10.1 Introduction 263 10.2 Gross Anatomy 263 10.3 Histology 265 References 275 11 Arthropoda: Decapoda 277Roxanna Smolowitz 11.1 Overview 277 11.2 Gross Anatomy of Adults 277 11.3 Histology 283 References 298 12 Arthropoda: Insecta 301Elise E.B. LaDouceur, Sarah C. Wood, Damien Laudier, and Elemir Simko 12.1 Introduction 301 12.2 Gross Anatomy 301 12.3 Histology 302 References 317 Index 319

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Book SynopsisWith colorful descriptions of each venom's sensation and a story that leaves you tingling with awe, The Sting of the Wild's one-of-a-kind style will fire your imagination.Trade ReviewSchmidt's tales will prove infectiously engaging even to entomophobes. Publishers Weekly On Schmidt's pain scale, this book rates a zero-painless. On the pleasure scale, it rates a ten, a highly enjoyable read. Natural History Readers who share my fascination with the natural world, and particularly those who revel in unusual animal facts, will love The Sting of the Wild. Between the Covers ... an excellent book... Newsweek [ The Sting of the Wild] is a good read, with valuable evolutionary context for bees and their insect relatives interwoven with entertaining travel tales of an engaged entomologist. American Bee Journal Even though the pain-laced topic might leave you wincing, Schmidt's engaging and entertaining writing makes for a tale worth reading. -- Jennifer Hackett Scientific American [Schmidt's] low-down on sting biochemistry and physiology is relentlessly zestful, even as he recounts the swelling, burning consequences of his curiosity. Nature The Sting of the Wild is full of the stories of science of stings. Schmidt is an engaging writer, and his youthful enthusiasm for scary critters makes for a book that will sometimes scare you and sometimes make you double over with laughter... It's a masterpiece of nature writing. Nature's Cool Green Science If you're interested in bugs of any kind, and especially the notorious ones, this book will entertain, educate, and excite. Discover Magazine Not only does he explain his Schmidt Sting Pain Index, wherein he rates the pain of numerous stings on a scale of one to four, but he also relates the fascinating natural histories of these animals. National Geographic ... totally fascinating... -- Jody Avirgan FiveThirtyEight The arms race that created the stinger hypodermic, and its biochemical warfare toxins, was a direct result of communal nesting, because the greater risk of predation demanded a formidable defensive strategy. This is the evolutionary theme through which the author lovingly interjects his own personal anecdotes. BBC Wildlife Magazine It's hard to imagine a nature book being more fascinating and fun. Virgin Radio UK In addition to providing colorful, connoisseur-grade descriptions of the pain caused by stings, The Sting of the Wild provides all sorts of information about stinging insects. Newser ... beautifully written... like nothing else you have ever read. -- Ira Flatow NPR's Science Friday ...[The Sting of the Wild] is full of adventure, humor and Schmidt's impressive scholarship. Redlands Daily Facts Schmidt, an entomologist at the Southwestern Biological Institute, is an excellent writer. He can write clear, engaging explanations of sting evolution and venom chemistry, as well as spin a good yarn about his adventures collecting stinging insects. I enjoyed his dry, judiciously applied, wit. Pica Hudsonia ... The Sting of the Wild weaves [Schmidt's] theories about stinging insects through a narrative of his personal experiences digging in the dirt. For many readers, the highlight of the book will be the appendix, his celebrated Pain Scale for Stinging Insects, which rates the pain level of dozens of insect stings, an index he created mostly by firsthand experience, either by suffering stings incidentally during field research or, in some cases, by inducing them. Because stings of the same magnitude don't necessarily feel the same, Schmidt has written haiku-like descriptions for each of the 83 sting entries." NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE The Sting of the Wild is a delicate and highly refreshing glimpse into the private mind of a professional scientist. TLS Schmidt's story is really new, refreshing and thoroughly entertaining. Journal of Natural History This is an informative and engaging story about the fascinating lives behind the insects that you may just think of as very annoying visitors at picnics. The Biologist ... surprisingly joyful book... Schmidt does a good job of passing on his boundless enthusiasm for insects. The sting of the wild is an easy read, packed with chemistry and anecdotes. Chemistry World The Sting of the Wild sheds light on the mysteries of stinging insects in a delightful and humorous narration. I recommend the book to every entomologist, ecologist, and naturalist interested in exploring the impressive world of Hymenoptera. American EntomologistTable of ContentsPreface1. Stung2. The Stinger3. The First Stinging Insects4. The Pain Truth5. Sting Science6. Sweat Bees and Fire Ants7. Yellowjackets and Wasps8. Harvester Ants9. Tarantula Hawks and Solitary Wasps10. Bullet Ants11. Honey Bees and HumansAppendixReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisThe definitive resource on the biology and evolution of freshwater mollusks. There are more species of freshwater molluskswell over 5,000than all the mammal species of the world. Freshwater mollusks are also arguably the most endangered fauna on the planet. Yet few references exist for researchers, shell enthusiasts, and general readers who are interested in learning more about these fascinating creatures. In Freshwater Mollusks of the World, Charles Lydeard and Kevin S. Cummings fill that void with contributions from dozens of renowned mollusk experts. Touching on 34 families of freshwater gastropods (snails) and 9 families of freshwater bivalves (mussels and clams), each chapter provides a synthesis of the latest research on the diversity and evolutionary relationships of the family. The book also includes a look at how evolving DNA sequencing data techniques help shed light on mollusk taxonomy distribution maps of each family's biogeographic locales a representative photo and diTrade ReviewA necessary work for anyone interested in taxonomy and ecology of [freshwater mollusks], whether an amateur eager to know more about that snail or bivalve found in a local river or lake, or the professional who needs a point of departure to deepen the evolutionary study of the great diversity of freshwater mollusks . . . an indispensable book.—Gonzalo Giribet, Harvard University, Bulletin of the Spanish Malacological SocietyTable of ContentsAcknowledgments1. Introduction and Overview Charles Lydeard and Kevin S. Cummings2. Neritiliidae Schepman, 1908 Yasunori Kano3. Neritidae Rafinesque, 1815 Yasunori Kano and Hiroaki Fukumori4. Ampullariidae Gray, 1824 Robert H. Cowie and Kenneth A. Hayes5. Viviparidae Gray, 1847 Bert Van Bocxlaer and Ellen E. Strong6. Hemisinidae Fischer & Crosse, 1891 Matthias Glaubrecht and Marco T. Neiber7. Melanopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 Marco T. Neiber and Matthias Glaubrecht8. Pachychilidae Fischer & Crosse, 1892 Marco T. Neiber and Matthias Glaubrecht9. Paludomidae Stoliczka, 1868 Marco T. Neiber and Matthias Glaubrecht10. Pleuroceridae P. Fischer, 1885 Ellen E. Strong and Charles Lydeard11. Semisulcospiridae Morrison, 1952 David C. Campbell12. Thiaridae Gill, 1871 (1823) Matthias Glaubrecht and Marco T. Neiber13. Amnicolidae Tryon, 1863 Stephanie A. Clark14. Assimineidae H. & A. Adams, 1856 Hiroshi Fukuda15. Bithyniidae Gray, 1857 Winston Ponder16. Cochliopidae Tryon, 1866 Stephanie A. Clark17. Helicostoidae Pruvot-Fol, 1937 Thomas Wilke18. Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865 Thomas Wilke and Diana Delicado19. Lithoglyphidae Tryon, 1866 Stephanie A. Clark20. Moitessieriidae Bourguignat, 1863 Thomas Wilke21. Pomatiopsidae Stimpson, 1865 Thomas Wilke22. Stenothyridae Tryon, 1866 Stephanie A. Clark23. Tateidae Thiele, 1925 Winston Ponder24. Valvatidae Gray, 1840 Catharina Clewing and Christian Albrecht25. Glacidorbidae Ponder, 1986 Winston Ponder26. Tantulidae Rankin, 1979, and Acochlidiidae Küthe, 1935 Timea P. Neusser and Michael Schrödl27. Chilinidae Dall, 1870 Diego E. Gutiérrez Gregoric28. Latiidae Hutton, 1882 Christian Albrecht29. Lymnaeidae Rafinesque, 1815 Maxim V. Vinarski, Catharina Clewing, and Christian Albrecht30. Acroloxidae Thiele, 1931 Björn Stelbrink, Alena A. Shirokaya, and Christian Albrecht31. Bulinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1880 Christian Albrecht, Björn Stelbrink, and Catharina Clewing32. Burnupiidae Albrecht, 2017 Christian Albrecht and Catharina Clewing33. Physidae Fitzinger, 1833 Amy R. Wethington and Charles Lydeard34. Planorbidae Rafinesque, 1815 Christian Albrecht, Björn Stelbrink, and Catharina Clewing35. Cyrenidae Gray, 1840 Rüdiger Bieler and Paula M. Mikkelsen36. Dreissenidae Gray, 1840 Nathaniel T. Marshall and Carol A. Stepien37. Sphaeriidae Deshayes, 1855 (1820) Taehwan Lee38. Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820, and the General Unionida Daniel L. Graf and Kevin S. Cummings39. Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929 Daniel L. Graf and Kevin S. Cummings40. Hyriidae Swainson, 1840 Daniel L. Graf and Kevin S. Cummings41. Etheriidae Deshayes, 1832 Daniel L. Graf and Kevin S. Cummings42. Mycetopodidae Gray, 1840 Daniel L. Graf and Kevin S. Cummings43. Iridinidae Swainson, 1840 Daniel L. Graf and Kevin S. CummingsGlossary of Systematic TermsContributorsIndex

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Book SynopsisA firsthand account of how a modest moth demonstrated Darwin's theory of natural selection. The extraordinary tale of the humble peppered moth is at the very foundation of our acceptance of Darwinian evolution. When scientists in the early twentieth century discovered that a British population of the small, speckled Biston betularia had become black over the course of mere decades in response to the Industrial Revolution's encroaching soot, the revelation cemented Darwin's theory of natural selection. This finding was the staple example of evolution in action until the turn of the millennium, when proponents of Creationism fomented doubts about the legitimacy of early experiments. In the midst of this upheaval, evolutionary biologist Bruce S. Grant and his contemporaries were determinedly building a dataset that would ultimately vindicate the theory of industrial melanism in the peppered moth and, by extension, the theory of natural selection itself. Observing Evolution tells the remTrade ReviewHighly recommended.—Malcolm Peaker, Zoology JottingsGrant's writing is accessible, his explanations of complex science easily digestible, and he is full of genuinely amusing stories. If you ever doubted the validity of this iconic example of rapid evolution, Observing Evolution will set you straight.—Natural History BookshopFor others who simply enjoy a good scientific detective story, this is among the best.—British Journal of Entomology and Natural HistoryIn this engaging book, Grant documents the places he went and the extraordinary people he met, on this quest to understand parts of the peppered moth story that did not quite add up.—James Mallet, Harvard University, EvolutionHighly recommended for all biology students, especially those interested in entomology and evolutionary biology...It's a real treat to read about some of the giants of entomological research.—Andrew Wakeham-Dawson, Entomologist's Monthly MagazineProvides a rare, unfiltered glimpse into what doing science is actually like....For Grant, the process of becoming an authority on peppered moths was a truly ground-up affair that began unplanned, with nothing more than a question. To begin working with Biston, he needed to step outside of what, at the time, was his well-defined scientific comfort zone of lab-based research....On a fundamental level, this book reveals that there's an art to doing science.—Richard Gawne, Tufts University, Journal of Experimental Zoology: Molecular and Developmental EvolutionFascinating...Grant's story is both personal and engaging...His book presents a validation of natural selection data plus a critical assessment of speculation over 50 years in a gripping personal science adventure story.—Stephen J. O'Brien, Journal of HeredityThis book chronicles Grant's efforts to wrestle with details of the operation of natural selection in wild populations of widely geographically separated species of the peppered moth....Grant is a good writer and a great storyteller....[He] is clearly devoted to the scientific process, and wide open to his research subjects showing him something completely unexpected.—The American Biology TeacherPerhaps what is most special about Grant's chronicle is the passion with which he writes about scientific practice. His love of biology shines through, and it is quite contagious.—History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences[Grant] beautifully describes how science works and what it is like to be a practicing evolutionary scientist. I recommend his book to all readers, but especially to students. I cannot think of another volume that might be as great an inspiration.—Douglas J. Futuyma, Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPart I1. Passing the Baton2. Peppered Moths 1013. Catching Moths Using Light Traps4. Camouflage5. The Rest-Site Selection Controversy6. A Feeling for the Organism7. Elizabethan Moths8. Non-Random Rest-Site Selection in Captivity9. Life at Mountain Lake10. Travel ArrangementsPart II11. Wirral Welcome12. Coffee with the Clarkes13. Clockwork Orange14. Surface Reflectance15. How to Pick Up a Moth16. The Birch Moth17. Cultural Assimilation18. Caterpillars19. Long Season's End20. Yankees Go HomePart III21. From Field to Lab22. The Talk23. The Grand PubPart IV24. Summer School25. CoauthorsPart V26. Nihongo27. Gaijin28. Reception29. Around Town30. In The Field31. Tajima32. Fisheries Lab33. Hokkaido34. Tourists35. Nagano36. East Meets WestPart VI37. Serendipity38. Allelic Melanism39. Conspecific Pheromones40. Howard Hughes Lecture41. Mr. Parallel Evolution42. Aerogrammes43. Edwin S. George Reserve44. Farewell and Welcome45. Nature46. Round Two47. Oxfordshire48. New York Times49. Expanding Views50. EpilogueBibliography

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Book SynopsisThis book will guide you in selecting an observation hive and choosing a site for it, modifying the hive and the site as needed, installing the hive, working with the hive, and maintaining the hive. It will prepare you to take a temporary portable observation hive to a market, fair, or school. Most important, it describes and illustrates the...Trade ReviewLinton, a certified master beekeeper, discusses the various options for constructing an observation hive.... This book is written primarily for experienced beekeepers, offering sound advice for those wishing to set up an observation hive.... Very well-written. * Choice *I wish I would have had this book 30 years ago when I started my first observation hive. It would have saved me a lot of time and energy and money, and if you don't already have one (and why not?), it will do the same for you.... If you have plans for, or already have one of these [hives], you need this book. It's worth every penny. * Bee Culture *Table of ContentsForeword, by Clarence H. Collison Preface Acknowledgments 1. Benefits of Observing Honey Bees at Home 2. Preparing for and Selecting an Observation Hive 3. Installing Your Observation Hive 4. Working an Observation Hive 5. Maintaining Your Observation Hive 6. Observation Hives in Public Spaces 7. Bee Photography and Your Observation Hive 8. Things to Try with Your Observation Hive A Closing Word Appendix: Selection and Installation Checklist Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis beautiful and comprehensive guide, many years in the making, is a manual for identifying the butterflies of Iowa as well as 90 percent of the butterflies in the Plains states. It begins by providing information on the natural communities of Iowa, paying special attention to butterfly habitat and distribution. Next come chapters on the history of lepidopteran research in Iowa and on creating butterfly gardens, followed by an intriguing series of questions and issues relevant to the study of butterflies in the state. The second part contains accounts, organized by family, for the 118 species known to occur in Iowa. Each account includes the common and scientific names for each species, its Opler and Warren number, its status in Iowa, adult flight times and number of broods per season, distinguishing features, distribution and habitat, and natural history information such as behavior and food plant preferences. As a special feature of each account, the authors have included questions that illuminate the research and conservation challenges for each species. In the third section, the illustrations, grouped for easier comparison among species, include color photographs of all the adult forms that occur in Iowa. Male and female as well as top and bottom views are shown for most species. The distribution maps indicate in which of Iowa's ninety-nine counties specimens have been collected; flight times for each species are shown by marking the date of collection for each verified specimen on a yearly calendar. The book ends with a checklist, collection information specific to the photographs, a glossary, references, and an index. The authors' meticulous attention to detail, stimulating questions for students and researchers, concern for habitat preservation, and joyful appreciation of the natural world make it a valuable and inspiring volume.

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Book SynopsisA loving look at one of the world’s most maligned, misunderstood, and fascinating insectsFamous foe of forestry professionals and despised spreader of Dutch elm disease, bark beetles have a bad reputation: the World’s Worst Forest Pests. They chew through timber profits and kill healthy trees, turning forests from carbon sinks into carbon sources. But entomologist Jiri Hulcr sees more to these evil weevils than meets the eye, and offers you a closer look—literally. With science journalist Marc Abrahams, Hulcr offers a funny and informative introduction to these under-studied and underappreciated insects. This lively book turns cutting-edge research into an enjoyable tour through the miniature world of a charming critter. Vivid macrophotography captures every aspect of bark beetle life in stunning detail, from their dramatic family stories and curiously endearing looks to their mating strategies, and the secret fungus farms where they cultivate their own “ambrosia.” You’ll learn how much we don’t know about bark beetles—and what that means for science’s attempts to control them as climate change alters their habitats. Whether you’re a scientist seeking up-to-date pest management strategies or you’re just wondering if your backyard trees are at risk, this book will help you better understand the latest discoveries in beetle symbioses, molecular biology, and ecology. But be warned: at the end of this read you may be filled with affection for these adorable and astonishing beetles.

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Book SynopsisIn this sweeping history of more than 3 000 years, beginning with Ancient Egypt, scientist Marcus Byrne and writer, Helen Lunn capture the diversity of dung beetles and their unique behaviour patterns. Dung beetles’ fortunes have followed the shifts from a world dominated by a religion that symbolically incorporated them into some of its key concepts of rebirth, to a world in which science has largely separated itself from religion and alchemy. With over 6 000 species found throughout the world, these unassuming but remarkable creatures are fundamental to some of humanity’s most cherished beliefs and have been ever present in religion, art, literature, science and the environment. They are at the centre of current gene research, play an important role in keeping our planet healthy, and some nocturnal dung beetles have been found to navigate by the starry skies. Outlining the development of science from the point of view of the humble dung beetle is what makes this charming story of immense interest to general readers and entomologists alike.Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter One When the dung beetle wore golden shoes Chapter Two Crawling out of the darkness Chapter Three Joining the dots Chapter Four Colonising insects Chapter Five Of elephants and dung beetles Chapter Six Tribes with human attributes Chapter Seven Design construction first Conclusion: ‘What a wonderful world’ Appendices Select bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAs global warming and species migration become more prevalent issues, there is an urgent need for a text that provides comprehensive taxonomic details and geographic distributions of Dacinae fruit flies within south-east Asia. In particular, some of the major pest species of this region are being introduced on a regular basis to new geographical areas, causing widespread food security issues and economic hardship. Quarantine and horticultural organisations require detailed information on these fruit fly species in order to detect and eradicate any new incursions. This major new reference work details the taxonomic research into the subfamily Dacinae, which contains the tropical fruit flies of south-east Asia, as well as many other regions of the world. While focusing on south-east Asian fauna, all known species are included, through a study of the type material available in museums around the world. Specimens collected in major surveys conducted across Asia from 1983 to present have also been used to ensure a complete, in-depth review of this subfamily. Providing complete descriptions and artwork of all species of Dacinae recorded from the south-east Asian region for the first time, this book is written and illustrated by experts with over 80 years' combined research experience. Areas covered include: India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, Palau, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. It is an essential reference for departments of agriculture, researchers and students of entomology and quarantine, horticultural and chemical industry personnel worldwide. Key features: - 120 recently discovered species - 500 detailed drawings - Revision of all known species - Updated geographical distributions and host records - Accurate list and detailed information of all known pest species This book will be followed by Keys to Fruit Flies of South-East Asia.Table of Contents1: Abstract 2: Introduction 3: Methods and Abbreviations 4: Generic and Subgeneric Classification 4.1: Definitions of Genera 4.2: Definitions of Subgenera 5: Species Listed Under Genera and Subgenera 6: Species Complexes 6.1: Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis complex 6.2: Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrotibialis complex 6.3: Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) scutellaris complex 6.4: Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau complex 7: Identification of Cryptic Species 8: Description of Species Under Genera and Subgenera 8.1: Genus Bactrocera Macquart 8.2: Subgenus Afrodacus Bezzi 8.2.1: Asiadacus Perkins 8.2.2: Bactrocera Macquart 8.2.3: Bulladacus Drew & Hancock 8.2.4: Daculus Speiser 8.2.5: Gymnodacus Munro 8.2.6: Hemigymnodacus Hardy 8.2.7: Javadacus Hardy 8.2.8: Nesodacus Perkins 8.2.9: Papuodacus Drew 8.2.10: Paradacus Perkins 8.2.11: Parasinodacus new subgenus 8.2.12: Paratridacus Shiraki 8.2.13: Parazeugodacus Shiraki 8.2.14: Semicallantra Drew 8.2.15: Sinodacus Zia 8.2.16: Tetradacus Miyake 8.2.17: Zeugodacus Hendel 8.3: Genus Dacus Fabricius 8.4: Subgenus Callantra Walker 8.4.1: Didacus Collart 8.4.2: Leptoxyda Macquart 8.4.3: Mellesis Bezzi 8.4.4: Neodacus Perkins 8.5: Genus Ichneumonopsis Hardy 8.6: Genus Monacrostichus Bezzi 9: Pest Species in the Genera Bactrocera and Dacus 10: Figures 11: References 12: Taxonomic Index

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Book SynopsisArthropod transmitted infections continue to be a front-line issue in all regions of the world. Understanding the insects that transmit diseases, the mechanisms of infection and the resulting diseases is vital to doctors, veterinarians, public health workers and disease control agencies. This major reference examines the biology, classification and control of arthropods that cause disease in animals and humans. The morphology, taxonomy and phylogeny of fleas, flies, lice, mites, midges, mosquitoes and ticks are described, with descriptions of their medical and veterinary significance, diseases they cause, insect distribution and global disease spread. Updated, developed and reworked from Doug Kettle's seminal Medical and Veterinary Entomology, this major new reference presents vital information in encyclopedia format, with alphabetical entries and an extensive index to make key facts easy to find. This new treatment of the subject provides accessible content and up-to-date research, illustrated by line drawings and colour photographs.Table of Contents1: Preface 2: Introduction - Part 1 3: Introduction - Part 2 4: Ants 5: Bed bugs 6: Bees and wasps 7: Beetles 8: Biting midges 9: Black flies 10: Blow flies and Screw-worm flies 11: Butterflies and Moths (caterpillars) 12: Centipedes 13: Cockroaches 14: Eye flies 15: Fleas 16: Flesh flies 17: Horn flies 18: Horse flies 19: House flies and other non-biting (muscid) flies 20: Human bot fly 21: Keds and Louse flies 22: Kissing bugs 23: Lice (chewing) 24: Lice (sucking) 25: Millipedes 26: Mites 27: Mosquitoes 28: Non-biting midges 29: Nasal bot flies 30: Sand flies 31: Scorpions 32: Spiders 33: Stable flies 34: Stomach bot fliesTicks (hard) 35: Ticks (soft) 36: Tsetse flies 37: Tumbu fly 38: Warble flies

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Book SynopsisIslands are special places; they can be havens for unique plants and animals and refuges for wildlife. This book investigates the biogeography of butterfly species over the British islands, particularly the factors that influence their presence on the islands and that have made each island's butterfly fauna distinctive. The book contains a full log of records of species on the islands and much supporting information. The first three chapters set the scene, illustrating the basics of island biogeography theory, their changing circumstances during the current Holocene interglacial, and studies of natural history of British butterflies that mark the islands as the most intensively studied region for wildlife in the world. The book advances by increasing resolution downscale from a European continental perspective, through patterns and changes on the British mainland, a comparison of the two dominant islands of Britain and Ireland, to a close inspection of the dynamics of species on the multitude of offshore islands. Detailed investigations include contrasts in species' richness on the islands and then of the incidences of each species. Case studies highlight the continual turnover of species on islands. Attention is then given to evolutionary changes since the time that glaciers enveloped Europe. A powerful message is conveyed for the maintenance of butterfly species on the smaller British islands now experiencing population losses at a rate unprecedented since the spread of the last ice sheets: the incontrovertible importance of maintaining populations of species on nearby mainland sources for islands as pools for future migrants.Table of Contents1: Basics of Island Biogeography 2: The British Islands: a Geological and Historical Outline 3: Island Butterflies: Understanding and Interpreting Records 4: British and Irish Butterfly Species: Links and Gradients 5: Island Associations and Species Affinities: Geographical Influences 6: Assessing the Status of Individual Species on Islands: from Geography to Ecology 7: Changing Patterns of Species Incidences on Islands 8: British and Irish Islands: an Evolutionary Vantage 9: Island Studies: a Glance Back and the View Ahead

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Book SynopsisMosquitoes are undeniably one of the most studied groups of insects due to their great impact on human health as the agents that transmit the pathogens which cause malaria, filariasis and numerous viral diseases, such as yellow fever and dengue fever. The study of mosquitoes has given rise to a plethora of names for subspecies, species, subgenera, genera and family-level groups, many of which are duplicate names for the same entity. This unique volume is a comprehensive compilation of all scientific names introduced at all levels of classification within the family since the official start of zoological nomenclature. The work is largely a lexicon that is historical and informative as well as nomenclatural and bibliographic. Unlike catalogues, it contains sections devoted separately to the groups of names regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the species, genus and family groups, as well as sections concerned with names derived from personal and geographical names and other sources. In addition to insights into the history of mosquito classification, attention given to the formation, latinization and derivation of names makes the work a crucial contribution to mosquito science. Culicipedia is an important comprehensive reference source for students, entomologists, professional taxonomists and other scientists interested in culicid nomenclature, classification and the etymology of scientific names.Table of ContentsSection 1: Species-group Names Section 2: Genus-group Names Section 3: Family-group and Other Suprageneric Names Section 4: Species-group Names Formed from Personal Names Section 5: Species-group Names Formed from Geographical Names Section 6: Genus-group Names Formed from Personal Names Section 7: Some Interesting Species- and Genus-group Names Section 8: Phylogenetic Classification of Composite Genus Aedes Section 9: Changed Spellings of Species-group Names Appendix 1: Current Higher-level Classification of the Culicidae Appendix 2: Multi-generic and Traditional Classifications of the Genus Aedes Appendix 3: Table of Changed Spellings of Species-group Names

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Book SynopsisThis book is the only account of what honeybees actually see. Bees detect some visual features such as edges and colours, but there is no sign that they reconstruct patterns or put together features to form objects. Bees detect motion but have no perception of what it is that moves, and certainly they do not recognize "things" by their shapes. Yet they clearly see well enough to fly and find food with a minute brain. Bee vision is therefore relevant to the construction of simple artificial visual systems, for example for mobile robots. The surprising conclusion is that bee vision is adapted to the recognition of places, not things. In this volume, Adrian Horridge also sets out the curious and contentious history of how bee vision came to be understood, with an account of a century of neglect of old experimental results, errors of interpretation, sharp disagreements, and failures of the scientific method. The design of the experiments and the methods of making inferences from observations are also critically examined, with the conclusion that scientists are often hesitant, imperfect and misleading, ignore the work of others, and fail to consider alternative explanations. The erratic path to understanding makes interesting reading for anyone with an interest in the workings of science but particularly those researching insect vision and invertebrate sensory systems.Table of Contents1: The Difficult Birth of Honeybee Colour Vision 2: No Way to Untie the Spell 3: Innovation, Deep Thought and Hard Work 4: The Fundamentals of the Insect Compound Eye 5: How Bees Distinguish Colours and Modulation 6: Feature Detectors, Cues, Resolution, Preferences and Coincidences 7: Symmetry and Asymmetry: Signposts in Route Finding 8: Bee Vision is Not Adapted for Pattern or Shape 9: The Visual Control of Flight 10: The Route to the Goal and Back Again 11: What Was Not Mentioned 12: What We Learned

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Book SynopsisThroughout Asia, Australia and the Pacific, and increasingly in Africa, the primary horticultural insect pests are fruit flies belonging to the genera Bactrocera, Zeugodacus and Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini). The Dacini is a hugely diverse clade of nearly 900 species endemic to the rainforests of Asia, Australia and the western Pacific, and the savannas and woodlands of Africa. All these species lay their eggs into fleshy fruits and vegetables, where the maggots feed, therefore destroying the fruit. In addition to being crop pests, dacines are also invasive pests of major quarantine importance and their presence in production areas can significantly impact market access opportunities. This broad text provides a rapid introduction to this economically and ecologically important group, which includes species such as the Oriental fruit fly (B. dorsalis), Melon fly (Z. cucurbitae), Queensland fruit fly (B. tryoni) and the Olive fly (B. oleae). Broken into three primary sections, it first explores the evolutionary history, systematic relationships, taxonomy and species-level diagnosis of the Dacini flies. The following biology section covers their life history, population demography, behaviour and ecology, and natural enemies. The final section of the book covers the management of these flies, with chapters on pre-harvest, post-harvest and regulatory controls. Each chapter concludes with a list of key monographs, papers or book chapters for further reading. This book will be of interest to field entomologists, extension officers, quarantine officers and market access negotiators, as well as students of applied entomology and pest management.Table of Contents1: General Introduction 2: Systematics and Taxonomy 3: Evolutionary Biogeography and Biodiversity 4: Basic Biology and Demographic Ecology 5: Reproductive Biology and Mating Behaviour 6: Host Use 7: Bactrocera as Invasive Organisms 8: Natural Enemies 9: Pre-harvest Management 10: Phytosanitary Measures 11: Regulatory Controls 12: Looking Forward

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