Zoology: fishes (ichthyology) Books

Book SynopsisGood nutrition is fundamental to the success and sustainability of the aquaculture industry in terms of economics, fish health, high quality product production and minimizing environmental pollution. This book provides a unique, complete coverage of current information on nutrient requirements, feed formulations and feeding practices of commercially important aquaculture species cultured around the world. Each chapter contains detailed feeding information on specific species and is written by an expert nutritionist on that species. The book is of interest to those working professionally in the industry, graduate level students and researchers.Table of Contents1: Introduction to Fish Nutrition, C D Webster and C Lim 2: Marine Fish 3: European seabass, Dicentrachus labrax, S J Kaushik 4: Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, M Boonyaratpalin and K Williams 5: Red sea bream, Pagrus major, S Koshio 6: Gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, W Koven 7: Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, T Storebakken 8: Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, B Grisdale-Helland and S J Helland 9: Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, K Kikuchi and T Takeuchi 10: North American flounders, H V Daniels and M L Gallagher 11: Yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, T Masumoto 12: Red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, D M Gatlin, III 13: Southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, B Glencross, C Carter, J Gunn, R van Barneveld, K Rough and S Clarke 14: Milkfish, Chanos chanos, C Lim, I G Borlongan and F P Pascual 15: Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, R W Hardy 16: Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, T A Dick and X Yang 17: Percids, P B Brown and F T Barrows 18: Coregonids, K Dabrowski, S Czesny and M Matusiewicz 19: Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, T Takeuchi, S Satoh and V Kiron 20: Indian major carps, H S Murthy 21: Tilapia, Oreochromis spp., S Y Shiau 22: Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, E H Robinson and M H Li 23: Eel, Anguilla spp., S Satoh 24: Hybrid striped bass, C D Webster 25: Sturgeon, Acipenser spp., S S O Hung and D-F Deng 26: Silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus, G L Allan and S J Rowland 27: Centrarchids: Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, J H Tidwell, S D Coyle and C D Webster 28: Centrarchids: Hybrid bluegill, Lepomis cyanellus X L. macrochirus, C D Webster and J H Tidwell 29: Brazilian species, D M Fracalossi 30: Snakehead and Pangassius catfish, T Paripatananont 31: Baitfish, R Lochmann and H Phillips"

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Book SynopsisBrown Trout is an iconic species inhabiting a diversity of habitats from mountain streams of transparent waters to lakes and oceans and is sought after by thousands of passionate anglers worldwide. This book summarizes the important aspects of brown trout s biology and ecology.Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Foreword xiii Preface xv Malcolm Elliott 1 Introduction 1 Javier Lobón‐cerviá ix Section 1 Phylogeography and Genetic Structure 15 2 Phylogeographic History of Brown Trout: A Review 17 Nuria Sanz 3 Genetics of the Genus Salmo in Italy: Evolutionary History, Population Structure, Molecular Ecology and Conservation 65 Andreas Meraner and Andrea Gandolfi 4 Understanding the Brown Trout Population Genetic Structure in the Iberian Peninsula 103 J.L. García‐Marín, R.M. Araguas, M. Vera, and Nuria Sanz 5 Understanding Brown Trout Population Genetic Structure: A Northern‐European Perspective 127 L. Asbjørn Vøllestad Section 2 Reproductive Traits and Early Ontogeny 145 6 The Velocity of Love. The Role of Female Choice in Salmonine Reproduction 147 Manu Esteve 7 Observations of Male Choice in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) from Lar National Park, Iran 165 Manu Esteve, Asghar Abdoli, Iraj Hashemzadeh Segherloo, Kiavash Golzarianpour, and Amir Abbas Ahmadi 8 Energetic Trade‐Offs Faced by Brown Trout During Ontogeny and Reproduction 179 Ole Kristian Berg and Ian A. Fleming 9 Impact of Embeddedness on Salmo trutta at Different Periods of their Early Ontogenesis 201 V. Bolliet and A. Bardonnet Section 3 Life‐History 227 10 Habitat as Template for Life‐Histories 229 Bror Jonsson and Nina Jonsson 11 Life‐history Plasticity in Anadromous Brown Trout: A Norwegian Perspective 251 Jan Henning L’Abée‐Lund and L. Asbjørn Vøllestad 12 Life‐History of the Adfluvial Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Eastern Fennoscandia 267 A. Huusko, A. Vainikka, J.T. Syrjänen, P. Orell, P. Louhi, and T. Vehanen Section 4 Population Dynamics 297 13 Discharge‐Dependent Recruitment in Stream‐Spawning Brown Trout 299 Javier Lobón‐Cerviá, Gorm Heilskov Rasmussen, and Erik Mortensen 14 Population Dynamics of Juvenile Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.), Recruitment, Mortality, Biological Production and Smolt Yield in Two Danish Baecks 319 Gorm Heilskov Rasmussen 15 Foraging Behaviour of Brown Trout: A Model Species For Linking Individual Ecology to Population Dynamics? 369 John J. Piccolo and Johan Watz 16 Competition Within and Between Year Classes in Brown Trout; Implications of Habitat Complexity on Habitat Use and Fitness 383 J. Höjesjö 17 Brown Trout on the Move – Migration Ecology and Methodology 401 Kim Aarestrup, Niels Jepsen, and Eva B. Thorstad 18 Sea Trout (Salmo trutta) in Galicia (NW Spain) 445 Pablo Caballero Javierre, Rufino Vieira‐Lanero, and Fernando Cobo Gradín 19 Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Denmark 483 Gorm Heilskov Rasmussen and Stig Pedersen Section 5 Brown Trout as a Global Invader 523 20 Brown Trout as an Invader: A Synthesis of Problems and Perspectives in North America 525 Phaedra Budy and Jereme W. Gaeta 21 The Introduction of Brown Trout to New Zealand and their Impact on Native Fish Communities 545 Peter Jones and Gerard Closs 22 The Effects of Brown Trout on the Trophic Webs of New Zealand Streams 569 Phillip G. Jellyman, Peter A. McHugh, Kevin S. Simon, Ross M. Thompson, and Angus R. McIntosh 23 Brown Trout in Argentina: History, Interactions and Perspectives 599 Miguel A. Casalinuovo, Marcelo F. Alonso, Patricio J. Macchi , and Jorge A. Kuroda 24 Africa: Brown Trout Introductions, Establishment, Current Status, Impacts and Conflicts 623 Olaf L.F. Weyl, Bruce R. Ellender, Phillip Ivey, Michelle C. Jackson, Denis Tweddle, Ryan J. Wasserman, Darragh J. Woodford, and Tsungai A. Zengeya Section 6 Conservation and Management 641 25 Why Conserve Native Brown Trout? 643 John J. Piccolo, Günther Unfer, and Javier Lobón‐Cerviá 26 Fisheries Management of Stream‐Resident Brown Trout Populations – Possibilities and Restrictions 649 Günther Unfer and Kurt Pinter 27 Ecology and Management of Stream‐Resident Brown Trout in Michigan (USA) 667 Troy G. Zorn 28 History, Conservation and Management of Adfluvial Brown Trout Stocks in Finland 697 J.T. Syrjänen, A. Vainikka, P. Louhi, A. Huusko, P. Orell, and T. Vehanen 29 Brown Trout Management for the 21st Century 735 Kyle A. Young, P. Gaskell, T. Jacklin, and J.E. Williams Index 771

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Book SynopsisAtlantic Salmon is a cultural icon throughout its North Atlantic range; it is the focus of probably the World's highest profile recreational fishery and is the basis for one of the World's largest aquaculture industries. Despite this, many wild stocks of salmon are in decline and underpinning this is a dearth of information on the nature and extent of population structuring and adaptive population differentiation, and its implications for species conservation. This important new book will go a long way to rectify this situation by providing a thorough review of the genetics of Atlantic salmon. Sponsored by the European Union and the Atlantic Salmon Trust, this book comprises the work of an international team of scientists, carefully integrated and edited to provide a landmark book of vital interest to all those working with Atlantic salmon.Trade Review'One of the main objectives of this book was to discuss the latest developments in salmon genetics, conservation and management in a comprehensible manner as far as non-geneticists are concerned. This objective has been achieved and achieved well. This book is sure to find a big following among those involved with Atlantic salmon culture in every respect. It will also be enormously useful to anyone involved with every other type of cage aquaculture.' Cision Ausmarine, July 2007 Work Boat World, October 2007 “This book comprises the work of an international team, carefully integrated to provide a landmark book of vital interest to those working with Atlantic salmon.” -Seafood InternationalTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1 Introduction. E. Verspoor. 1.1 Background. 1.2 Genetics, management and conservation. 1.2 Purpose of this book. 1.3 Organisation of this book. 1.4 Summary and conclusions. Part I Background. 2 The Atlantic Salmon. J. Webb, E. Verspoor, N. Aubin-Horth, A. Romakkaniemi and P.Amiro. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Taxonomy and geographic range. 2.3 Life history variation. 2.4 Biology of anadromous populations. 2.4.1 Distribution and life in fresh water. 2.4.2 Reproduction. 2.4.3 Egg size, development and survival. 2.4.4 Emergence and dispersal of fry. 2.4.5 Free-swimming juvenile life and production. 2.4.6 Sexual maturation of parr. 2.4.7 Movements of parr. 2.4.8 Smolt migration. 2.4.9 Marine life and distribution. 2.4.10 Homing and return marine migration. 2.5 Biology of non-anadromous populations. 2.5.1 Geographic distribution. 2.5.2 Life history and behaviour. 2.5.3 Maturation and reproduction. 2.6 Summary and conclusions. 3 The Atlantic Salmon Genome. P. Moran, E. Verspoor and W. S. Davidson. 3.1 DNA. 3.2 Chromatin and chromosomes. 3.2.1 Nature and structure. 3.2.2 Replication, cell division and growth. 3.2.3 Number and ploidy level. 3.3 Genes and genome organisation. 3.3.1 Molecular nature and structure. 3.3.2 Number and molecular distribution. 3.3.3 Extragenic DNA. 3.4 Genes and development. 3.4.1 Genotypes, alleles and loci. 3.4.2 Genes and traits. 3.4.3 Gene expression. 3.5 Variation among individuals. 3.5.1 Origin. 3.5.2 Scope. 3.5.3 Detection. 3.6 Summary and conclusions. 4 Investigating the Genetics of Populations. M. M. Hansen, B. Villanueva, E. E. Nielsen and D. Bekkevold. 4.1 Overview. 4.2 Population genetics. 4.2.1 Basic concepts. 4.2.2 Models of population structure. 4.2.3 Population differentiation. 4.3 Quantitative genetics. 4.3.1 How does it differ from population genetics. 4.3.2 Quantitative genetic variation. 4.3.3 Genotype by environment interaction. 4.3.4 Integration of molecular and quantitative genetics. 4.4 The genetic characterisation of wild populations. 4.4.1 Allozyme electrophoresis. 4.4.2 Mitochondrial DNA. 4.4.3 Microsatellite DNA. 4.4.4 Other types of molecular markers. 4.5 Studying populations: issues and limitations. 4.5.1 Types of studies and their limitations. 4.5.2 Mixed-stock analysis and assignment tests. 4.5.3 Estimating effective population size and detecting population declines. 4.5.4 Parentage assignment. 4.5.5 Relatedness estimation. 4.6 Future perspectives: going beyond quantifying genetic differentiation and understanding local adaptation. 4.7 Summary and conclusions. . Part II Population Genetics. 5 Biodiversity and Population Structure. T. L. King, E. Verspoor, A. P. Spidle, R. Gross, R. B. Phillips, M.-L. Koljonen, J. A. Sanchez and C. L. Morrison. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Evolutionary relatedness to other salmonids. 5.3 Phylogeographic diversity. 5.3.1 Range-wide. 5.3.2 Eastern Atlantic. 5.3.3 Western Atlantic. 5.3.4 Resident (non-anadromous) salmon. 5.3.5 Historical Origins. 5.4 Regional and local population structure. 5.4.1 Spatial scale and boundaries. 5.4.2 Metapopulation structure and gene flow. 5.5 Overview. 5.6 Summary and conclusions. 5.7 Management recommendations. . 6 Mating System and Social Structure. W. C. Jordan, I. A. Fleming and D. Garant. 6.1 Introduction. 6.1.1 Definitions, approach and organisation. 6.1.2 Genetic markers in the analysis of mating system and social structure. 6.2 Mating system. 6.2.1 Effective population size. 6.2.2 Factors affecting the variance in reproductive success of male alternative reproductive tactics. 6.2.3 Reproductive success estimates and mate choice under natural conditions. 6.2.4 Hybridisation. 6.3 Social structure. 6.3.1 Kin recognition and kin-biased behaviour. 6.3.2 Patterns of relatedness in nature and fitness. 6.4 Summary and conclusions. 6.5 Management recommendations. . 7 Local Adaptation. C. García de Leániz, I. A. Fleming, S. Einum, E. Verspoor, W. C. Jordan, S. Consuegra, N. Aubin-Horth, D. L. Lajus, B. Villanueva, A. Ferguson, A. F. Youngson, T. P. Quinn. 7.1 Introduction. 7.1.1 Phenotypic diversity and fitness in a changing world. 7.2 Scope for local adaptations in Atlantic salmon. 7.2.1 Genetic variation in fitness-related traits. 7.2.2 Environmental variation and differential selective pressures. 7.2.3 Reproductive isolation. 7.3 Evidence for the existence of local adaptations in Atlantic salmon. 7.3.1 Indirect, circumstantial evidence for local adaptations. 7.3.2 Direct evidence for local adaptations. 7.3.3 Challenges to the local adaptation hypothesis. 7.4 Summary and conclusions. 7.5 Management recommendations. . Part III Management Issues. 8 Population Size Reductions. S. Consuegra and E.E. Nielsen. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Loss of genetic variabilition in small populations. 8.2.1 Importance of the genetic diversity in natural populations. 8.2.2 Measuring loss of genetic variation in small populations: heterozygosity and allelic diversity. 8.3 Effective population size. 8.3.1 Minimum effective population size. 8.3.2 Relationship between census and effective population sizes (Ne/Nc). 8.3.3 Factors influencing genetically effective population size in Atlantic salmon. 8.3.4 Calculating effective population size. 8.4 The effects of genetic drift and selection in small populations. 8.5 The effects of inbreeding in small populations: inbreeding depression. 8.6 Population reductions, gene flow and local adaptation. 8.6.1 Small populations of Atlantic salmon and the metapopulation models. 8.7 Summary and conclusion. 8.8 Management recommendations. . 9 Genetic Identification of Individuals and Populations. M.-L. Koljonen, T. L. King and E. E. Nielsen. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Assignment of individuals. 9.2.1 Application to Atlantic salmon. 9.2.2 Background to Methodology. 9.3 Identification of population contributions. 9.3.1 Application to Pacific salmon fisheries. 9.3.2 Application to Atlantic salmon fisheries. 9.3.3 Background to Methodology. 9.4 Resolving power of different markers. 9.5 Summary and conclusions. 9.6 Management recommendations. . 10 Fisheries Exploitation. K. Hindar, C. García de Leániz, M.-L. Koljonen, J. Tufto and A. F. Youngson. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 A historical perspective on fisheries exploitation. 10.2.1 Catch statistics. 10.2.2 Exploitation rates. 10.2.3 Potential for selection. 10.3 Fisheries exploitation as an ecological and evolutionary force. 10.3.1 Undirected genetic erosion. 10.3.2 Directed genetic change. 10.4 Fishing and effective population size: the evidence. 10.5 Phenotypic and evolutionary changes in exploited populations. 10.6 Future management of salmon fisheries. 10.7 Summary and conclusions. 10.8 Management recommendations. . 11 Stocking and Ranching. T. F. Cross, P. McGinnity, J. Coughlan, E. Dillane, A. Ferguson, M.-L. Koljonen, N. Milner, P. O’Reilly and A. Vasemagi. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Genetic characteristics of wild salmon populations. 11.3 Nature of strains reared for stocking and ranching. 11.4 Approach based on numbers of salmon present. 11.5 Scenario 1 - Where salmon are extinct in a river (re-introduction). 11.6 Scenario 2 - Where small to near optimal numbers of local population(s) remain (rehabilitation). 11.7 Scenario 3 - Attempting to achieve productivity in excess of naturally-constrained production (enhancement). 11.8 Scenario 4 - Mitigation programmes and conservation hatcheries to counter irreversible loss of natural production (mitigation). 11.8.1 Example 1 – Mitigation programme started simultaneously with the introduction of the constraint to salmon production. 11.8.2 Example 2 – Genetic considerations when the ranching programme begins some years after the construction of the dam and when a large proportion or all of the upstream genetic legacy has been extirpated. 11.9 Summary and conclusions. 11.10 Management recommendations. . 12 Farm Escapes. A. Ferguson, I. Fleming, K. Hindar, Ø. Skaala, P. McGinnity, T. Cross and P. Prodøhl. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Magnitude of farm salmon escapes. 12.2.1 Identifying escaped farm salmon. 12.2.2 Escapes from sea cages. 12.2.3 Juvenile escapes. 12.3 Genetic differences between wild and farm salmon. 12.3.1 Founder effects. 12.3.2 Differences due to domestication. 12.3.3 Genetic marker differences between wild and farm salmon. 12.3.4 Phenotypic differences between wild and farm salmon. 12.4 Potential impact of farm escapes on wild populations. 12.4.1 Fate of adult escapes. 12.4.2 Juvenile escapes. 12.4.3 Indirect genetic effects of farm escapes. 12.4.4 Direct genetic effects of farm escapes. 12.5 Breeding of escaped farm salmon in the wild. 12.5.1 Evidence for breeding of escaped farm fish in the wild. 12.5.2 Differences in breeding behaviour of farm and wild salmon. 12.5.3 Increased hybridization with brown trout as a result of farm. escapes. 12.6 Experimental studies of the impact of farm escapes. 12.6.1 Imsa experiment. 12.6.2 Burrishoole experiment. 12.7 Discussion of genetic implications of farm escapes. 12.8 How can the genetic impact of farm escapes be reduced?. 12.9 Summary and conclusions. 12.10 Management recommendations. . 13 Habitat Management. E. Verspoor, C. García de Leániz and P. McGinnity. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Genetic issues. 13.3.1 Habitat reduction. 13.3.2 Habitat fragmentation. 13.3.3 Habitat expansion. 13.3.4 Habitat degradation. 13.3.5 Loss of biodiversity. 13.3.6 Global climate change. 13.4 Summary and conclusions. 13.5 Management recommendations. . 14 Live Gene Banking of Endangered Populations. P. O’Reilly and R. Doyle. 14.1 Introduction. 14.1.1 Genetic concerns associated with the long-term captive rearing of salmonids. 14.1.2 Impact of long-term genetic changes on captive populations. 14.2 Live gene banking of inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon: a case study. 14.2.1 Collection of founder broodstock. 14.2.2 Captive rearing of broodstock. 14.2.3 Spawning. 14.2.4 Captive rearing and river release of offspring. 14.2.5 Ongoing founder broodstock collection and. recovery of wild-exposed live gene bank salmon. 14.3 Conservation and management of small remnant populations of Atlantic salmon. 14.3.1 Prioritising rivers for conservation measures. 14.3.2 Should very small populations be combined or managed separately?. 14.4 Use of cryopreserved sperm in the conservation of Atlantic salmon. 14.4.1 Methods for the cryopreservation of milt. 14.4.2 Use of cryopreserved milt in the restoration of wild salmon populations. 14.4.3 Addition of genetic variation to impoverished future populations. 14.4.4 Minimising genetic change between founder and subsequent generations of live gene bank populations. 14.5 Research. 14.5.1 Monitoring the loss of genetic variation and accumulation of inbreeding. 14.5.2 Identification of individuals, and evaluation of the relative efficacy of alternate management strategies. 14.6 Summary and conclusions. 14.7 Management recommendations. . 15 Atlantic Salmon Genetics: Past, Present and what’s in the Future?. J. L. Nielsen. 15.1 Past. 15.2 Present. 15.3 Future. Glossary of terms. Index

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Book SynopsisThey will continue to grace our coastlines only if we care enough to understand them.Trade ReviewThere is so much information in this book, accompanied by well thought-out and stunning images, that this is a publication that any shark lover will want on their shelves.—ScubaverseThe introductory material is one of the best overviews of shark natural history and the issues facing sharks I have read... the book is also scientifically rigorous and highly readable without ever being sensational. As with all Johns Hopkins University Press books, the photographs are top notch and the design is beautiful enough to sit on your coffee table.—Nature Conservancy's Cool Green Science blogThe introductory material is one of the best overviews of shark natural history and the issues facing sharks I have read. Written by shark researcher Jeffrey Carrier, the book is also scientifically rigorous and highly readable without ever being sensational.—Cool Green ScienceTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPART ONEPART TWOAtlantic Sharpnose SharkBasking SharkBlacknose SharkBlacktip SharkBonnethead SharkBull SharkCaribbean Reef SharkDusky SharkFinetooth SharkGreat White SharkHammerhead SharksLemon SharkMako SharkNurse SharkOceanic Whitetip SharkSandbar SharkSandtiger SharkSilky SharkSmoothhound SharksSpinner SharkTiger SharkWhale SharkPART THREEAtlantic Stingray and Southern StingrayClearnose SkateCownose RayMantas and Mobulid RaysRoughtail StingraySawfishSpotted Eagle RayYellow StingrayAppendixReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisA deep-dive into the evolutionary biology, biogeography, and conservation of the most elusive subterranean creatures in the world. Far from the austere, sparsely populated ecosystems often conjured in the imagination, caves host some of the most mysterious and biodiverse natural systems in the world. Subterranean environments, however, are the least explored terrestrial habitats, contributing to misconceptions about their inhabitants. Edited by cave scientist and conservation ecologist Dr. J. Judson Wynne, Cave Biodiversity explores both the evolution and the conservation of subterrestrial-dwelling fauna. Covering both vertebrates and invertebrates, including mollusks, fishes, amphibians, arthropods, and other troglobionts, this volume brings together ichthyologists, entomologists, ecologists, herpetologists, and conservationists to provide a nuanced picture of life beneath the earth's surface. Broad chapters covering biotic and abiotic factors that influence evolution and support biTable of ContentsList of ContributorsForewordPrefaceAcknowledgementsChapter 1. Influence of the Physical Environment on Terrestrial Cave DiversityChapter 2. Evolutionary Models Influencing Subterranean SpeciationChapter 3. Biology and Ecology of Subterranean MolluscaChapter 4. The Subterranean Cholevinae of ItalyChapter 5. Cave Trechine (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Radiation and Biogeography in Eastern North America,Chapter 6. Subterranean Colonization and Diversification of Cave-dwelling SalamandersChapter 7. Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation of Cavefishes in ChinaIndex

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Book SynopsisIn the second edition of this fascinating book an international team of experts have been brought together to explore all major areas of fish learning, including: Foraging skills Predator recognition Social organisation and learning Welfare and pain Three new chapters covering fish personality, lateralisation, and fish cognition and fish welfare, have been added to this fully revised and expanded second edition. Fish Cognition and Behavior, Second Edition contains essential information for all fish biologists and animal behaviorists and contains much new information of commercial importance for fisheries managers and aquaculture personnel. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological sciences, fisheries and aquaculture are studied and taught will find it an important addition to their shelves.Trade Review“With the inclusion of new aspects and the update of the content of the first edition this book is a must for all researchers in the field of fish behaviour and interaction.” (Bulletin of Fish Biology, 1 October 2011) “Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals.” (Choice, 1 March 2012)Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements xv Series Foreword xvi List of Contributors xix 1 Fish Cognition and Behaviour 1 Brown, Laland and Krause 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Contents of this book 3 References 9 2 Learning of Foraging Skills by Fish 10 Warburton and Hughes 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Some factors affecting the learning process 12 2.2.1 Reinforcement 12 2.2.2 Drive 12 2.2.3 Stimulus attractiveness 12 2.2.4 Exploration and sampling 14 2.2.5 Attention and simple association 14 2.2.6 Cognition 15 2.2.7 Memory systems and skill transfer 18 2.3 Patch use and probability matching 19 2.4 Performance 21 2.5 Tracking environmental variation 23 2.6 Competition 26 2.7 Learning and fish feeding: some applications 27 2.8 Conclusions 27 Acknowledgements 28 References 29 3 Learned Defences and Counterdefences in Predator–Prey Interactions 36 Kelley and Magurran 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 The predator–prey sequence 38 3.2.1 Encounter 39 3.2.1.1 Avoiding dangerous habitats 39 3.2.1.2 Changing activity patterns 40 3.2.2 Detection 41 3.2.2.1 Crypsis 42 3.2.2.2 Sensory perception 42 3.2.3 Recognition 43 3.2.3.1 Associative learning 43 3.2.3.2 Learning specificity 44 3.2.3.3 Search images 45 3.2.3.4 Aposematism and mimicry 46 3.2.4 Approach 47 3.2.4.1 Pursuit deterrence 47 3.2.4.2 Gaining information about the predator 47 3.2.4.3 Social learning 47 3.2.4.4 Habituation 49 3.2.5 Evasion 49 3.2.5.1 Reactive distance and escape speed and trajectory 50 3.2.5.2 Survival benefits/capture success 50 3.3 Summary and discussion 51 Acknowledgements 52 References 53 4 Learning about Danger: Chemical Alarm Cues and Threat-Sensitive Assessment of Predation Risk by Fishes 59 Brown, Ferrari and Chivers 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Chemosensory cues as sources of information 60 4.2.1 Learning, innate responses and neophobia 60 4.2.2 Learned predator recognition through conditioning with alarm cues 62 4.3 Variable predation risk and flexible learning 62 4.3.1 Assessing risk in time 64 4.3.2 Sensory complementation and threat-sensitive learning 65 4.4 Generalisation of risk 66 4.4.1 Generalising of predator cues 66 4.4.2 Generalisation of non-predator cues 67 4.5 Predator recognition continuum hypothesis 68 4.5.1 Ecological selection for innate versus learned recognition of predators 69 4.5.2 Ecological selection for generalised learning 69 4.6 Retention: the forgotten component of learning 70 4.7 Conservation, management and learning 72 4.7.1 Conditioning predator recognition skills 72 4.7.2 Anthropogenic constraints 73 4.7.3 Field-based studies 73 4.8 Conclusions 74 Acknowledgements 74 References 74 5 Learning and Mate Choice 81 Witte and Nöbel 5.1 Introduction 81 5.2 Sexual imprinting 82 5.2.1 Does sexual imprinting promote sympatric speciation in fishes? 82 5.3 Learning after reaching maturity 83 5.4 Eavesdropping 84 5.4.1 Eavesdropping and mate choice 84 5.4.2 Benefits of eavesdropping 84 5.4.3 The audience effect 85 5.5 Mate-choice copying 87 5.5.1 Mate-choice copying – first experimental evidence and consequence 88 5.5.2 Mate-choice copying – evidence from the wild 89 5.5.3 Mate-choice copying when living in sympatry or allopatry 91 5.5.4 Mate-choice copying – the role of the early environment 92 5.5.5 Quality of the model fish 93 5.6 Social mate preferences overriding genetic preferences 94 5.6.1 Indications from guppies 94 5.6.2 Indications from sailfin mollies 95 5.7 Cultural evolution through mate-choice copying 96 5.8 Does mate-choice copying support the evolution of a novel male trait? 96 5.8.1 Theoretical approaches 97 5.8.2 Experimental approaches 98 5.9 Is mate-choice copying an adaptive mate-choice strategy? 99 5.9.1 Benefits of mate-choice copying 99 5.9.2 Costs of mate-choice copying 100 5.10 Outlook 101 5.11 Conclusions 102 References 102 6 Aggressive Behaviour in Fish: Integrating Information about Contest Costs 108 Hsu, Earley and Wolf 6.1 Introduction 108 6.2 Information about resource value 110 6.3 Information about contest costs 110 6.3.1 Assessing fighting ability 111 6.3.2 Information from past contests 113 6.3.2.1 Winner and loser effects 113 6.3.2.2 Individual recognition 117 6.3.2.3 Social eavesdropping 117 6.3.3 Integrating different types of cost-related information 118 6.4 Physiological mechanisms 119 6.5 Conclusions and future directions 126 Acknowledgements 128 References 128 7 Personality Traits and Behaviour 135 Budaev and Brown 7.1 Introduction 135 7.2 Observation and description of personality 137 7.2.1 Current terminology 137 7.2.1.1 Shyness–boldness 138 7.2.1.2 Coping styles 140 7.2.1.3 Behavioural syndromes 140 7.2.2 Objectivity 140 7.2.3 Labelling personality traits; construct validity 142 7.2.4 Objective and subjective measurements of personality 142 7.2.5 Modern terminology and statistical approaches 145 7.3 Proximate causation 146 7.4 Ontogeny and experience 149 7.5 Is personality adaptive? 150 7.5.1 Frequency- and density-dependent selection 150 7.5.2 State-dependent models 151 7.6 Evolution 153 7.7 Wider implications 155 7.7.1 Fish production and reproduction 155 7.7.2 Personality and population dynamics 155 7.8 Conclusions 156 Acknowledgements 157 References 157 8 The Role of Learning in Fish Orientation 166 Odling-Smee, Simpson and Braithwaite 8.1 Introduction 166 8.2 Why keep track of location? 166 8.3 The use of learning and memory in orientation 167 8.4 Learning about landmarks 168 8.5 Compass orientation 171 8.6 Water movements 172 8.7 Inertial guidance and internal ‘clocks’ 173 8.8 Social cues 174 8.9 How flexible is orientation behaviour? 174 8.9.1 When to learn? 174 8.9.2 What to learn? 175 8.9.3 Spatial learning capacity 176 8.10 Salmon homing – a case study 177 8.11 Conclusion 179 Acknowledgements 179 References 180 9 Social Recognition of Conspecifics 186 Griffiths and Ward 9.1 Introduction 186 9.2 Recognition of familiars 186 9.2.1 Laboratory studies of familiarity 187 9.2.2 Mechanisms of familiarity recognition 187 9.2.3 Functions of associating with familiar fish 191 9.2.4 Familiarity in free-ranging fishes 194 9.2.5 Determinants of familiarity 195 9.3 Familiarity or kin recognition? 196 9.3.1 Kin recognition theory 196 9.3.2 Evidence for kin recognition from laboratory studies 200 9.3.3 Advantages of kin discrimination 201 9.3.4 Kin association in the wild 201 9.3.5 Explaining the discrepancies between laboratory and field 203 9.3.6 Kin avoidance 205 9.4 Conclusion 206 References 207 10 Social Organisation and Information Transfer in Schooling Fish 217 Ioannou, Couzin, James, Croft and Krause 10.1 Introduction 217 10.2 Collective motion 218 10.3 Emergent collective motion in the absence of external stimuli 219 10.4 Response to internal state and external stimuli: Information processing within schools 220 10.4.1 Collective response to predators 220 10.4.2 Mechanisms and feedback in information transfer 222 10.4.3 Information transfer during group foraging and migration 225 10.5 Informational status, leadership and collective decision-making in fish schools 225 10.6 The structure of fish schools and populations 227 10.7 Social networks and individual identities 229 10.8 Community structure in social networks 232 10.9 Conclusions and future directions 233 Acknowledgements 234 References 234 11 Social Learning in Fishes 240 Brown and Laland 11.1 Introduction 240 11.2 Antipredator behaviour 241 11.3 Migration and orientation 244 11.4 Foraging 247 11.5 Mate choice 248 11.6 Aggression 249 11.7 Trade-offs in reliance on social and asocial sources of information 250 11.8 Concluding remarks 252 Acknowledgements 252 References 252 12 Cooperation and Cognition in Fishes 258 Alfieri and Dugatkin 12.1 Introduction 258 12.2 Why study cooperation in fishes? 259 12.3 Cooperation and its categories 261 12.3.1 Category 1 – kin selection 261 12.3.1.1 Cognition and kin selection 261 12.3.1.2 Example of kin selected cooperation: Cooperative breeding 262 12.3.1.3 Example of kin selected cooperation: Conditional territory defence 262 12.3.2 Category 2 – reciprocity 263 12.3.2.1 Cognition and reciprocity 264 12.3.2.2 Example of reciprocity: Egg trading 265 12.3.2.3 Example of reciprocity: Predator inspection 266 12.3.2.4 Example of reciprocity: Interspecific cleaning behaviour 267 12.3.3 Category 3 – by-product mutualism 268 12.3.3.1 Cognition and by-product mutualism 268 12.3.3.2 Example of by-product mutualism: Cooperative foraging 269 12.3.4 Category 4 – trait group selection 270 12.3.4.1 Cognition and trait group selection 270 12.3.4.2 Example of trait group selected cooperation: Predator inspection 270 12.4 Conclusion 271 Acknowledgements 272 References 272 13 Machiavellian Intelligence in Fishes 277 Bshary 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Evidence for functional aspects of Machiavellian intelligence 279 13.2.1 Information gathering about relationships between other group members 279 13.2.2 Predator inspection 280 13.2.3 Group-living cichlids 281 13.2.4 Machiavellian intelligence in cleaning mutualisms 283 13.2.4.1 Categorisation and individual recognition of clients 283 13.2.4.2 Building up relationships between cleaners and resident clients 284 13.2.4.3 Use of tactile stimulation by cleaners to manipulate client decisions and reconcile after conflicts 284 13.2.4.4 Audience effects in response to image scoring and tactical deception 285 13.2.4.5 Punishment by males during pair inspections 285 13.3 Evidence for cognitive mechanisms in fishes 286 13.3.1 What cognitive abilities might cleaners need to deal with their clients? 286 13.3.2 Other cognitive mechanisms 287 13.4 Discussion 288 13.4.1 Future avenues I: How Machiavellian is fish behaviour? 289 13.4.2 Future avenues II: Relating Machiavellian-type behaviour to brain size evolution 290 13.4.3 Extending the Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis to general social intelligence 291 Acknowledgements 291 References 291 14 Lateralization of Cognitive Functions in Fish 298 Bisazza and Brown 14.1 Introduction 298 14.2 Lateralized functions in fish 300 14.2.1 Antipredator behavior 300 14.2.1.1 Predator inspection 301 14.2.1.2 Predator evasion 302 14.2.1.3 Fast escape response 303 14.2.2 Mating behavior 304 14.2.3 Aggression 304 14.2.4 Shoaling and social recognition 304 14.2.5 Foraging behavior 306 14.2.6 Exploration and response to novelty 306 14.2.7 Homing and spatial abilities 307 14.2.8 Communication 307 14.3 Individual differences in lateralization 308 14.3.1 Hereditary basis of lateralization 308 14.3.2 Sex differences in lateralization 309 14.3.3 Environmental factors influencing development of lateralization 310 14.3.4 Lateralization and personality 311 14.4 Ecological consequences of lateralization of cognitive functions 312 14.4.1 Selective advantages of cerebral lateralization 312 14.4.2 Costs of cerebral lateralization 314 14.4.3 Maintenance of intraspecific variability in the degree of lateralization 316 14.4.4 Evolutionary significance of population biases in laterality 316 14.5 Summary and future research 317 Acknowledgements 318 References 319 15 Brain and Cognition in Teleost Fish 325 Broglio, Gómez, Durán, Salas and Rodríguez 15.1 Introduction 325 15.2 Classical conditioning 327 15.2.1 Delay motor classical conditioning and teleost fish cerebellum 328 15.2.2 Role of the teleost cerebellum and telencephalic pallium in trace motor classical conditioning 330 15.3 Emotional learning 331 15.3.1 Role of the medial pallium in avoidance conditioning and taste aversion learning 332 15.3.2 Teleost cerebellum and fear conditioning 334 15.4 Spatial cognition 336 15.4.1 Allocentric spatial memory representations in teleost fishes 337 15.4.2 Role of the teleost telencephalon in egocentric and allocentric spatial navigation 340 15.4.3 Map-like memories and hippocampal pallium in teleost fishes 345 15.4.4 Neural mechanisms for egocentric spatial orientation 347 15.5 Concluding remarks 349 Acknowledgements 350 References 350 16 Fish Behaviour, Learning, Aquaculture and Fisheries 359 Fernö, Huse, Jakobsen, Kristiansen and Nilsson 16.1 Fish learning skills in the human world 359 16.2 Fisheries 362 16.2.1 Spatial dynamics 362 16.2.1.1 Learning skills and movement 362 16.2.1.2 Social learning of migration pattern 363 16.2.1.3 Implications of learning for fisheries management 366 16.2.2 Fish capture 367 16.2.2.1 Natural variations in spatial distribution and behaviour 369 16.2.2.2 Avoidance and attraction before fishing 369 16.2.2.3 Before physical contact with the gear 369 16.2.2.4 After physical contact with the gear 371 16.2.2.5 Behaviour after escaping the gear and long-term consequences 372 16.2.3 Abundance estimation 374 16.3 Aquaculture 375 16.3.1 Ontogeny 375 16.3.2 Habituation, conditioning and anticipation 376 16.3.3 Pavlovian learning – delay and trace conditioning 378 16.3.4 Potential use of reward conditioning in aquaculture 379 16.3.5 Operant learning 382 16.3.6 Individual decisions and collective behaviour 383 16.4 Stock enhancement and sea-ranching 384 16.5 Escapees from aquaculture 388 16.6 Capture-based aquaculture 389 16.7 Conclusions and perspectives 389 Acknowledgements 391 References 391 17 Cognition and Welfare 405 Sneddon 17.1 Introduction 405 17.1.1 Fish welfare 406 17.1.2 Preference and avoidance testing 407 17.1.3 Behavioural flexibility and intraspecific variation 408 17.2 What is welfare? 408 17.2.1 Sentience and consciousness 409 17.2.2 Cognition and welfare 410 17.3 What fishes want 410 17.3.1 Preference tests 411 17.3.1.1 Physical habitat 411 17.3.1.2 Breeding 413 17.3.1.3 Diet 413 17.3.1.4 Social interactions 414 17.4 What fishes do not want 416 17.5 Pain and fear in fish 417 17.6 Personality in fish 420 17.7 Wider implications for the use of fish 420 17.7.1 Aquaculture 421 17.7.2 Fisheries 425 17.7.3 Recreational fishing 425 17.7.4 Research 426 17.7.5 Companion fish 427 17.8 Conclusion 427 Acknowledgements 429 References 429 Species List 435 Index 443

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Book SynopsisAmphibians of Costa Rica is the first in-depth field guide to all 206 species of amphibians known to occur in Costa Rica or within walking distance of its borders.Trade ReviewAmphibians of Costa Rica: a Field Guide is one of the best books of this kind published thus far for Costa Rica. * HERPETOLOGICAL REVIEW *

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Book SynopsisFor years Albert Hazen Wright and Anna Allen Wright traveled extensively, attempting to observe every species of snake in North America in its natural surroundings and collecting data and live specimens. Their exhaustive research resulted in a famous two-volume sourcebook, first published in 1957. Abundantly and painstakingly illustrated by the authors, this personalized natural history organizes for ready reference a wealth of information on American and Canadian snakes.Across the two volumes of Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada are accounts of more than three hundred species and subspecies, accompanied by photographs, drawings, and distribution maps. Generous excerpts from the authors'' field journals give the reader a vivid feeling of some of the satisfactions and conclusions of the Wrights'' search.Volume I features an introductory section in which the Wrights cover snake names and such features of their biology and behavior as range, size, longevity, disTrade ReviewThoroughness, precision, and enthusiasm are traits that shine through the pages of this inspiring summation of a lifetime of experience. * Nature *

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Book SynopsisThis is a landmark volume in South Carolina marine biology for specialists and sportsmen alike. A scientific milestone, this comprehensive illustrated guide to the characteristics, distribution, and ecology of freshwater fishes in South Carolina marks the first such endeavor since 1860 to document this aspect of the Palmetto State's diverse natural history. ""Freshwater Fishes of South Carolina"" is the result of longterm collaboration between a quartet of leading experts on the state's freshwater fishes - Fred C. Rohde, Rudolf G. Arndt, Jeffrey W. Foltz, and Joseph M. Quattro. From mudminnows and sunfishes to lampreys and sturgeons, the guide describes more than one hundred fifty species of freshwater and coastal estuarine fishes that spend all or major portions of their lives in the fresh waters of South Carolina. For each species the authors provide diagnostic characteristics including size, markings, similar species, and sexual dimorphism as well as information on biology, habitat, and distribution. Color photographs and detailed distribution maps accompany each description. The volume also includes a history of ichthyology in South Carolina, a chapter on methods for the collection and identification of fishes, and a chapter on conservation biology documenting species of concern for the state and reasons for their decline. This handsome reminder of the rich biodiversity in South Carolina's rivers, streams, and lakes serves not only as a vital scientific tool for marine researchers, students, resource managers, ecologists, and state policy makers but also as a valuable resource for sportsmen and natural history enthusiasts across the region.

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Book SynopsisWhile on vacation in 1980, biologist Barbara Brennessel and her family came across an amazing sight: hundreds of small silver fish migrating from the Atlantic Ocean, across a channel connecting two ponds in the town of Wellfleet on Cape Cod. She later learned that these tiny river herring were important for the ecology and economy of the region and that volunteers were counting fewer and fewer fish migrating each year.The Alewives’ Tale describes the plight of alewives and blueback herring, two fish species that have similar life histories and are difficult to distinguish by sight. Collectively referred to as river herring, they have been economically important since colonial times as food, fertilizer, and bait. In recent years they have attracted much attention from environmentalists, especially as attempts are being made, on and beyond Cape Cod, to restore the rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, and estuaries that are crucial for their reproduction and survival.Brennessel provides an overview of the biology of the fish—from fertilized eggs to large schools of adults that migrate in the Atlantic Ocean—while describing the habitats at different stages of their life history. She explores the causes of the dramatic decline of river herring since the mid-twentieth century and the various efforts to restore these iconic fish to the historic populations that treated many onlookers to spectacular inland migrations each spring.

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of Fishes of Arkansas, in development for more than a decade, is an extensive revision and expansion of the first edition, including reclassifications, taxonomic changes, and descriptions of more than thirty new species. An invaluable reference for anyone interested in the state's fish population-from professional ichthyologists, fisheries biologists, and managers of aquatic resources, to amateur naturalists and anglers-this new edition provides updated taxonomic keys as well as detailed descriptions, photographs, and line drawings to aid identification of the state's 241 fish species. There is also much information on the distribution and biology of each species, including descriptions of habitat, foods eaten, reproductive biology, and conservation status.This project and the preparation of this publication was funded in part by a grant from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission.

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Book SynopsisKiller tales from an award-winning cinematographer and marine biologist. Marine biologist and underwater cameraman Richard ‘Shark Tracker’ Fitzpatrick wrangles sharks and other deadly marine creatures for a living. From the coral gardens of the Great Barrier Reef to the murky depths of the Amazon, Fitzpatrick shares his real-life experiences with predators of the deep – from sharks and box jellyfish to sea snakes. A mixture of mind-boggling anecdotes and science provide an intimate insight into marine life and the conservation issues at stake.

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Book SynopsisTaking a disease-based approach, Fish Viruses and Bacteria: Pathobiology and Protection focuses on the pathobiology of and protective strategies against the most common, major microbial pathogens of economically important marine and freshwater fish. The book covers well-studied, notifiable piscine viruses and bacteria, including new and emerging diseases which can become huge threats to local fish populations in new geographical regions if transported there via infected fish or eggs. A concise but thorough reference work, this book: - Covers key viral and bacterial diseases of notable fish species; - Reviews major well-established piscine pathogens as well as new, emerging and notifiable diseases; and - Contains the most up-to-date research contributed by a team of over fifty world experts. An invaluable bench book for fish health consultants, veterinarians and all those wanting instant access to information, this book is also a useful textbook for students specializing in fish health and research scientists initiating fish disease research programmes.Table of Contents1: Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, Arun K. Dhar, Scott LaPatra, Andrew Orry and F.C. Thomas Allnutt 2: Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus, Jo-Ann C. Leong and Gael Kurath 3: Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus, John S. Lumsden 4: Epizootic Haematopoietic Necrosis and European Catfish Virus, Paul Hick, Ellen Ariel and Richard Whittington 5: Oncogenic Viruses: Oncorhynchus masou Virus and Cyprinid Herpesvirus, Mamoru Yoshimizu, Hisae Kasai, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Nanako Sano and Motohiko Sano 6: Infectious Salmon Anaemia, Knut Falk and Maria Aamelfot 7: Spring Viraemia of Carp, Peter Dixon and David Stone 8: Channel Catfish Viral Disease, Larry A. Hanson and Lester H. Khoo 9: Largemouth Bass Viral Disease, Rodman G. Getchell and Geoffrey H. Groocock 10: Koi Herpesvirus Disease, Keith Way and Peter Dixon 11: Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Anna Toffan 12: Iridoviral Diseases: Red Sea Bream Iridovirus and White Sturgeon Iridovirus, Yasuhiko Kawato, Kuttichantran Subramaniam, Kazuhiro Nakajima,Thomas Waltzek and Richard Whittington 13: Alphaviruses in Salmonids, Marius Karlsen and Renate Johansen 14: Aeromonas salmonicida and A. hydrophila, Bjarnheidur K. Gudmundsdottir and Bryndis Bjornsdottir 15: Edwardsiella spp., Matt J. Griffin, Terrence E. Greenway and David J. Wise 16: Flavobacterium spp.: F. psychrophilum, F. columnare and F. branchiophilum, Thomas P. Loch and Mohamed Faisal 17: Francisella noatunensis, Esteban M. Soto and John P. Hawke 18: Mycobacterium spp., David T. Gauthier and Martha W. Rhodes 19: Photobacterium damselae, John P. Hawke 20: Piscirickettsia salmonis, Jerri Bartholomew, Kristen D. Arkush and Esteban M. Soto 21: Renibacterium salmoninarum, Diane G. Elliott 22: Streptococcus iniae and S. agalactiae, Craig A. Shoemaker, De-Hai Xu and Esteban M. Soto 23: Vibriosis: Vibrio anguillarum, V. ordalii and Aliivibrio salmonicida, Alicia E. Toranzo, Beatriz Magariños and Ruben Avendaño-Herrera 24: Weissella ceti, Timothy J. Welch, David P. Marancik and Christopher M. Good 25: Yersinia ruckeri, Michael Ormsby and Robert Davies

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Book SynopsisLagoons and estuaries are transition spaces between earth and sea. Beyond their expanse, geographic repartition, geomorphological, hydroclimatic and ecobiological diversity and biodiversity, they play an important role in regional economies and are some of the ecosystems most vulnerable to global change.Reinforced by numerous references, this book studies Mediterranean lagoonal and estuarine fishes whose diversity largely depends on the composition of neighboring marine and continental ichtyofauna. The authors describe their morphological, biological, ecological and behavioral characteristics by evoking their distinctive features and differences with their marine or freshwater homologues. Their adaptation strategies, elucidated thanks to recent advances in morphology, genetics and molecular biology, are recognized as a major advantage in the context of climate change.This book is for natural environment managers, engineers, teachers, students and researchers.Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xi Introduction xiii Chapter 1. Mediterranean Lagoons and Estuaries 1 1.1. What is a lagoon and what is an estuary? 2 1.2. Lagoons and estuaries of the Mediterranean: characteristics,inventory and classification 8 1.3. Some recurrent preconceived ideas and problems concerning lagoons 14 1.4. Geological, geographic and physicochemical types of lagoon 15 1.4.1. According to their geological origin 15 1.4.2. According to their connections with the sea 16 1.4.3. According to their physical chemistry 17 1.4.4. According to their haline system 17 1.4.5. According to their nutrient content 18 1.4.6. According to their geographic position and connection with the sea 19 1.5. Lagoon hydroclimate and hydrodynamics 19 1.6. Some features of lagoon ichthyoecobiology 21 1.7. Production in lagoons and trophic chains 26 1.8. Lagoon habitats 30 Chapter 2. Ecology and Behavior 33 2.1. Origin and originality 38 2.2. Ecology and behavior 43 2.2.1. Sedentaries 44 2.2.2. Migrators 47 2.2.3. Intermittent residents 50 2.3. Sea–lagoon/lagoon–sea fish interaction: the phenology of migrations 51 2.3.1. Inmigration 51 2.3.2. Outmigrations 55 2.4. Ecological valence 58 2.5. Lagoons and invasions: the presence of exotic species 59 2.6. Structure of fish assemblages 62 2.6.1. Natural factors in spatiotemporal distribution 63 2.6.2. Assemblages and anthropization 66 2.6.3. Utilization of ichthyological indicators 69 Chapter 3. Biology and Genetics 71 3.1. Sexuality 72 3.2. Reproduction 77 3.2.1. Nest building, gestation and fecundity 78 3.2.2. Reproductive success and gamete management 82 3.2.3. Reproductive particularities in Blenniidae, Gobiidae and Labridae 85 3.2.4. Reproductive particularities in Syngnathidae 86 3.2.5. Other aspects of nest building and parental care 93 3.2.6. Other aspects of reproduction in migrators 104 3.3. Feeding and energy transfer 105 3.3.1. Alimentary guilds and competition 105 3.3.2. Cannibalism 107 3.3.3. Feeding behavior 108 3.4. Age and growth 112 3.5. Intra- and interspecific communication 118 3.5.1. Visual functions 119 3.5.2. The olfactory functions 121 3.5.3. Auditive and mechanoreceptive functions 123 3.6. Ecological genetics 126 3.6.1. Sedentary species 126 3.6.2. Migratory species 129 3.6.3. Other structural factors 130 Chapter 4. Fisheries and Aquaculture 137 4.1. Fishing in lagoons 138 4.1.1. Advantages of lagoons for fisheries 138 4.1.2. Fishing methods and techniques 140 4.1.3. Fisheries production and yield 152 4.1.4. Interaction between marine and lagoon fisheries 161 4.2. Aquaculture in lagoons 163 4.3. Fisheries–aquaculture interactions in the lagoons 166 Chapter 5. Anthropization and Climate Change 169 5.1. Threats to lagoon and estuarine systems and their ichthyological populations 169 5.2. On the need for an integrated approach to lagoon ichthyology 179 5.3. Toward a best knowledge of lagoons: the contribution of the Mediterranean “lagoon–estuarine networks” 180 Appendix 183 Glossary 191 References 199 Index of Scientific Names and Common Words 257 Index by Country: Lagoons, Lakes, Ponds, Delta and Estuaries 263

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Book Synopsis Fishes in Lagoons and Estuaries in the Mediterranean 2 extensively covers the systematic, biological, ecological, behavioral and genetic aspects of the sedentary fishes that spend their entire lifecycle in the coastal fringes, sometimes referred to as “extreme environments”. This second volume of a set of books on Mediterranean ichthyofauna presents in-depth scientific, historical and current knowledge at the family, genus and species levels. Designed to give rapid and comprehensive access to the body of knowledge on Mediterranean lagoonal and estuarine sedentary fishes (over 1200 scientific works are referenced), this volume is for anyone involved in the use, management or protection of natural environments and their populations, including ecobiologists, geographers, engineers, teachers, students and researchers. Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xi Introduction xiii Chapter 1. Atherinidae Risso, 1827 1 1.1. Atherina Linnæus, 1758 2 1.1.1. Atherina (Hepsetia) lagunae Trabelsi et al., 2002 3 1.2. References 33 Chapter 2. Blenniidae Rafinesque, 1815 49 2.1. Salaria Forsskäl, 1775 50 2.1.1. Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810) 51 2.2. References 68 Chapter 3. Cyprinodontidae Berg, 1940 75 3.1. Aphanius Nardo, 1827 76 3.1.1. Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1829) 78 3.1.2. Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) 82 3.1.3. Aphanius iberus (Valenciennes, 1846) 100 3.2. References 109 Chapter 4. Gasterosteidae Günther, 1869 125 4.1. Gasterosteus [Artedi] Linnæus, 1758 126 4.1.1. Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnæus, 1758 126 4.2. References 144 Chapter 5. Gobiidae Regan, 1911 153 5.1. Gobius [Artedi] Linnæus, 1758 154 5.1.1. Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1814 156 5.1.2. Gobius niger Linnæus, 1758 163 5.1.3. Gobius paganellus Linnæus, 1758 179 5.2. Knipowitschia Iljin, 1927 186 5.2.1. Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841) 187 5.3. Pomatoschistus Gill, 1864 193 5.3.1. Pomatoschistus canestrinii (Ninni, 1883) 194 5.3.2. Pomatoschistus marmoratus (Risso, 1810) 202 5.3.3. Pomatoschistus microps (Kroyer, 1838) 213 5.3.4. Pomatoschistus tortonesei (Miller, 1968) 225 5.4. Zosterisessor (Whitley, 1935) 228 5.4.1. Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814) 230 5.5. References 248 Chapter 6. Labridae Jordan and Evermann, 1898 275 6.1. Symphodus Rafinesque, 1810 276 6.1.1. Symphodus (Crenilabrus) cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) 277 6.2. References 288 Chapter 7. Poeciliidae Berg, 1910 293 7.1. Gambusia Poey, 1855 293 7.1.1. Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 294 7.2. References 303 Chapter 8. Syngnathidae Günther, 1870 309 8.1. Hippocampus Rafinesque, 1810 312 8.1.1. Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier, 1829 314 8.1.2. Hippocampus hippocampus (Linnæus, 1758) 323 8.2. Nerophis Rafinesque, 1810 327 8.2.1. Nerophis ophidion (Linnæus, 1758) 328 8.3. Syngnathus [Artedi] Linnæus, 1758 334 8.3.1. Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1826 336 8.3.2. Syngnathus acus Linnæus, 1758 351 8.3.3. Syngnathus taenionotus Canestrini, 1871 357 8.3.4. Syngnathus tenuirostris Rathke, 1837 362 8.3.5. Syngnathus typhle Linnæus, 1758 364 8.4. References 374 Glossary 381 Index of Names 389 Index of Countries 393

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Book Synopsis Based on the most recent scientific data, and without neglecting historical publications, Fishes in Lagoons and Estuaries in the Mediterranean 3 comprehensively details Mediterranean lagoonal–marine migratory fish. It provides information regarding their systematics, eobiology, ethology, genetics and their exploitation. After a general categorization of the species represented, this volume, third in a set of books on Mediterranean ichthyofauna, offers a synthesis of the knowledge acquired from 1890 to the present day for each of the 21 species most frequently found in Mediterranean lagoons and estuaries. These species are detailed across the two parts of volume 3. The scientific data presented in this book concern the species’ lagoon life as much as their marine life, and are therefore of particular interest for both the management of fish stocks and for the conservation of species. Designed to give rapid and comprehensive access to the body of knowledge on Mediterranean lagoonal and estuarine migratory fishes, this volume is for anyone involved in the use, management or protection of natural environments and their populations, including ecobiologists, geographers, engineers, teachers, students and researchers. Table of ContentsPreface vii Foreword ix Introduction xi Chapter 1 Anguillidae Jordan and Evermann, 1896 1 1.1 Anguilla (Schrank, 1798) 2 1.1.1 Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) 6 1.2 Bibliography 60 Chapter 2 Engraulidae Jordan and Evermann, 1896 95 2.1 Engraulis Cuvier, 1817 95 2.1.1 Engraulis russoi Dulzetto, 1947 96 2.2 Bibliography 104 Chapter 3 Gobiidae Regan, 1911 107 3.1 Pomatoschistus Gill, 1864 108 3.1.1 Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770) 109 3.2 Bibliography 121 Chapter 4 Moronidae Jordan and Evermann, 1896 129 4.1 Dicentrarchus Gill, 1860 130 4.1.1 Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) 132 4.2 Bibliography 149 Chapter 5 Mugilidae Günther, 1861 159 5.1 Chelon (Rose Walbaum, 1793) 164 5.1.1 Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827) 165 5.2 Liza (Jordan and Swain, 1884) 180 5.2.1 Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) 181 5.2.2 Liza ramada (Risso, 1827) 195 5.2.3 Liza saliens (Risso, 1810) 215 5.3 Mugil Linnaeus, 1758 230 5.3.1 Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 231 5.4 Bibliography 256 Glossary 291 Index of Names 299 Index of Places 301

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Book SynopsisThere is considerable global interest in the culture of finfish species both for cold and warm water aquaculture development and growth. Essential information on the biology, domestication and aquacultural characteristics of a wide selection of novel and established species is provided in the form of technical sheets, species descriptions and information on current rearing practices, making this a must-have reference in the field of aquacultural science. The book also offers a basic framework in order to support investment strategies for research and developement efforts aimed at the emergence of a profitable finfish aquaculture industry and presents a rationale for species diversification, different approaches to species selection and basic economical and market considerations governing the launch of strategic development and commercialization efforts.Table of ContentsPart 1: Aquaculture Diversification: An Introduction 1: Achievements and Challenges 2: The Rearing Environment 3: Feeds and Feeding 4: Farmed Species and Their Characteristics 5: Considerations for the Selection and Commercialization of New or Alternate Species 6: The Agribusiness Approach: an Australian case-study 7: A Systematic-Market Approach to Species Diversification: a French case-study 8: Biological And Technical Approach: a Site-specific and Productivity-based Analysis Part 2: Finfish Species Description & Biotechnical Analysis 9: The Sturgeons (Family Acipenseridae) 10: The Milkfish (Family Chanidae) 11: The Catfish (Family Ictaluridae) 12: The Salmonids (Family Salmonidae) 13: The Codfishes (Family Gadidae) 14: The Snooks (Family Centropomidae) 15: The Temperate Basses (Family Moronidae) 16: Sea Breams and Porgies (Family Sparidae) 17: The Tilapia (Family Cichlidae) 18: Drum-fish or Croakers (Family Sciaenidae) 19: The Wolffishes (Family Anarhichadidae) 20: The Tunas (Family Scombridae) 21: The Flatfishes (Order Pleuronectiformes) 22: Temperate And Cold-Water Finfish Species Analysis 23: Warm-Water Finfish Species Analysis Part 3: Market And Economical Analysis 24: Marketing New Species 25: Diversification Pays: Economic Perspectives on Investments in Diversified Aquaculture Part 4: Future Perspectives 26: Off-Shore And Recirculation Technologies 27: Valorization of Aquaculture By-products 28: Organic And Green Labelling 29: The Future of Aquaculture: Insights from the Economic Theory

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Book SynopsisThis third and final volume in the acclaimed Fish Diseases and Disorders trilogy addresses infectious diseases of finfish and shellfish caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi. Topics covered include infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, infectious hematopoictic necrosis virus, viral diseases of cold and warm-water fish, rickettsial and chlamydial infections, furunculosis, motile aeromonads, vibriosis, flavobacterial diseases and shellfish diseases. Written by experts in each discipline and updated throughout to reflect new developments in the field, including new chapters on alphaviruses, oncogenic viruses and genomics and proteomics, this is a must-have reference for fish health specialists and veterinarians, microbiologists, zoologists and researchers and students in aquaculture.Table of Contents1: Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis and Associated Aquatic Birnaviruses 2: Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus 3: Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia 4: Infectious Salmon Anaemia 5: Viral Diseases and Agents in Warm Water Fish 6: Alphaviruses 7: Oncogenic Viruses 8: Piscirickettsia, Francisella and Epitheliocystis 9: Bacterial Kidney Disease (Renibacterium salmoninarum) 10: Enterococcus seriolicida and Streptococcus spp. (S. iniae, S. agalactiae) 11: Mycobacteriosis and Nocardiosis 12: Furunculosis and Other Aeromoniosis 13: Enteric Redmouth Disease (Yersinia ruckeri) 14: Edwardsiella Septicaemias 15: Vibriosis 16: Flavobacterial Diseases: Columnaris, Cold-water Disease and Bacterial Gill Disease 17: Pasteurellosis and Other Bacterial Diseases 18: Saprolegnia and Other Oomycetes 19: Ichthyophonus and Related Organisms 20: Shellfish Diseases (Viral, Bacterial and Fungal) 21: Genomics of Fish and Shellfish Microbial Pathogens

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Book SynopsisThis practical book provides an updated resource for the identification of bacteria found in animals inhabiting the aquatic environment, illustrated with colour photos. It contains expanded biochemical identification tables to include newly identified pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria, molecular identification tests now available for a greater number of aquatic bacterial pathogens, more information on the pathogenesis and virulence of each organism and new coverage of traditional and molecular identification of fungal pathogens and quality assurance standards for laboratories.Table of Contents1: Aquatic Animal Species and Organism Relationship 2: Bacteriological Culture Techniques: Microscopy, Culture and Identification 3: Biochemical Identification Tables 4: Technical Methods 5: Fungi , Yeasts and Oomycetes from Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms 6: Techniques for the Molecular Identification of Bacteria 7: Preparation of Media for Culture and Identification 8: Further and Other Information Sources 9: Common name Scientific Name 10: Glossary of terms 11: REFERENCES 12: Index

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Book SynopsisThe edited book covers the climate change impact broadly across the ecosystems including increasing pressure on livelihood and food supplies to the society. Climate change, in particular, rising temperatures, can have both direct and indirect effects on global fish production. Fisheries and aquaculture is one of the important sectors of agriculture for livelihood and nutritional security. Fish, being poikilothermic in nature are very sensitive to any change in the ecosystem. In commercial aquaculture, it is crucial to ensure that environmental rearing conditions are adequate, if not optimal, for fish growth, welfare and profitability. Thus, the book develops an understanding regarding changes in relevant environmental parameters and its affect in the growth and physiological performance of fish. Fish feeds on natural food organisms, but the adverse changes in the ecosystem attracts nutritionists to provide better food and feeding strategies for optimum growth and survival of the fish. it is become necessary to develop preparedness about the changes and their mitigation strategies through fish nutrition and feeding strategies. This book addresses the potential impact of climate change on the aquaculture sector under sections - Assessment of Global Warming Impact on aquatic resources and fish production, Adaptation in Fish Digestive Physiology and Biochemistry under Changing Environment, Prioritization of fish feed technology with respect to changing climate for adaptation and mitigation, Strategies and planning on reproductive physiology and feed management for biodiversity conservation. The chapters are contributed by the experts in the field of fish nutrition and physiology. The book assists fish farmers, entrepreneurs, planners and advisors specifically related to nutritional and physico-biochemical changes in fishes to adapt or mitigate the adverse effect of climate change. Table of Contents1. The Perspective of climate change on aquatic environment and fish production.- 2. Climate Change: Stressor on Marine Buffer System.- 3. Climate Change: Impact on Fauna and Fishing Activity 0f River.- 4. Possible Impact of Climate Change on Fisheries.- 5. Impact of global warming on changing pattern of biodiversity and fish production in inland open waters.- 6. Climate Change and Coral Reef Ecosystem: Impacts and Management Strategies.- 7. Implications of Climate Change on Fisheries and Food Security.- 8. Nexus of climate change with fish production and its implications on livelihood and nutritional security.- 9. Gut microbes and its physiological role in fish: adaptive strategies for climatic variability.- 10. Metabolic adaptation of fishes under different consequences of climate change.- 11. Argulus Parasitism in Aquaculture: An Elevated Temperature Scenario.- 12. Effect of environmental variability on the pigmentation of Fishes.- 13. Climate Change and stress Response in Teleost. 14. Impact of Climate Change on Emergence of Biotoxin in Fish and Shellfish.- 15. Metabolomic response to high temperature stress in murrel Channa striatus and insights for designer feeds.- 16. Feed and feeding management for sustainable growth and health of fish in varying climatic condition.- 17. Vulnerability and Mitigation Approach to Nutritional Pathology for Sustainable Fish Growth in Changing Climatic Conditions.- 18. Technology Prioritization For Climate-Resilient Nutritive Fish.- 19. Role of Dietary supplements in stress amelioration of teleost fishes.- 20. Dealing the hardship in aquaculture nutrition in a changing climatic condition.- 21. Strategies to mitigate climate change-imposed challenges in fish nutrition.- 22. Duckweed-based circular aquaculture for climate resilience and carbon foot-print reduction of fed Aquaculture.- 23. Nutraceuticals in aquaculture: a prospective climate change adaptation strategy.- 24. Broodstock development, induced breeding, and seed production of climbing perch Anabas testudineus: An alternative aquaculture species for changing environment.- 25. Effect of changing environmental factors on reproductive cycle and endocrinology of fishes.- 26. Impact of climate change on fish reproduction and climate-resilient broodstock management.- 27. Nutrition and environment interactions in aquaculture.- 28. Reproductive and maternal nutrition in changing climatic conditions.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a compilation of eel research and fish migration studies for more than 40 years showing the research history and recent advances in eel studies. Dr. Katsumi Tsukamoto, the esteemed editor of this book, has been actively involved in eel research as one of the leading scientists in the world for a long time, and he and his team successfully collected the fertilized eggs and spawn-condition adult eels from the wild for the first time in the world. This book compiles the essentials of the scientific findings obtained by the editor and his colleagues and reviews the latest references of eel science. Knowledge and information in the book such as a spawning area survey, research on artificial production of glass eels, the discovery of a new species, etc. will attract the reader’s interest, as these are written based on the authors’ experiences. Readers can obtain a comprehensive understanding of eels from various aspects of eel science including the cultural and socio-economic importance of eels and valuable scientific information using state-of-the-art approaches. The book also endeavors to contribute to the conservation of eel species, some of which have been classified as endangered by the IUCN and to promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.Table of ContentsPrefacePart I. Taxonomy (30 pages) Fundamental information about eel biology will be introduced with recent knowledge on taxonomy, population structure and evolution. Chapter 1. Morphology and Taxonomy Shun Watanabe (Kindai University) Chapter 2. Population Structure and Speciation Jun Aoyama (The University of Tokyo) Part II. Ecology (90 pages) Recent progress in knowledge about life history, spawning areas and migration will be described in detail to understand ecological aspects of freshwater eels. Chapter 3. Life History Mari Kuroki (The University of Tokyo) Chapter 4. Spawning Areas Michael J. Miller (The University of Tokyo) Chapter 5. Larval Transport Shingo Kimura (The University of Tokyo) Chapter 6. Glass Eel Recruitment Akira Shinoda (Tokyo Medical University), Nobuto Fukuda (Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency) Chapter 7. Spawning Migration Takatoshi Higuchi (The University of Tokyo) Chapter 8. Behavior Hikaru Itakura (Maryland University) Part III. Physiology (75 pages) Basic physiological information on eels is presented with new findings on osmoregulation, reproduction, metamorphosis and digestion. Chapter 9. Nervous Systems and Sense Naoyuki Yamamoto, Hanako Hagio (Nagoya University) Chapter 10. Digestion and Absorption Soichi Watanabe (The University of Tokyo) Chapter 11. Osmoregulation Toyoji Kaneko (The University of Tokyo) Chapter 12. Reproduction Shigeho Ijiri (Hokkaido University) Chapter 13. Metamorphosis and Silvering Seishi Hagihara (The University of Tokyo), Ryusuke Sudo (Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency) Part IV. Applied Science (60 pages) Research on eel aquaculture will be summarized including recent progress on artificial maturation of adult eels and larval rearing for artificial mass production of glass eels. Chapter 14. Artificial Maturation Shinji Adachi (Hokkaido University) Chapter 15. Larval Rearing Yoshiaki Yamada, Akihiro Okamura, Noriyuki Horie, Naomi Mikawa (IRAGO Institute, Co. Ltd.) Chapter 16. Breeding Kazuharu Nomura (Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency) Chapter 17. Disease Tomoyoshi Yoshinaga (The University of Tokyo) Part V. Resources and Conservation (75 pages) The present status and research on eel resources will be introduced to understand how to conserve eel species in relation to their unique life history. Chapter 18. Fisheries Kazuki Yokouchi (Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency) Chapter 19. Resources Naohito Okazoe (Fisheries Agency) Chapter 20. Trading Tetsuji Ida (Kyodo News) Chapter 21. Distribution Tatsuki Yoshinaga (Kitasato University) Chapter 22. River Improvement Yoichi Yasuda (Nihon University) Chapter 23. Conservation Matthew Gollock (Zoological Society of London), (Hiromi Shiraishi)

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisIn Darwin's Fishes, Daniel Pauly presents an encyclopaedia of ichthyology, ecology and evolution, based upon everything that Charles Darwin ever wrote about fish. Entries are arranged alphabetically and can be about, for example, a particular fish taxon, an anatomical part, a chemical substance, a scientist, a place, or an evolutionary or ecological concept. The reader can start wherever they like and are then led by a series of cross-references on a fascinating voyage of interconnected entries, each indirectly or directly connected with original writings from Darwin himself. Along the way, the reader is offered interpretation of the historical material put in the context of both Darwin's time and that of contemporary biology and ecology. This book is intended for anyone interested in fishes, the work of Charles Darwin, evolutionary biology and ecology, and natural history in general.Trade Review'This is an engaging book … The reader can create his or her own stream of consciousness by following the asterisks or turning to literature citations … an entertaining book with useful details …' Trends in Ecology and Evolution'… wonderful fun to dip into, even randomly. It is an eclectic, scholarly reference work, rich in historical content and chock full of interesting quotes from Darwin and Pauly alike. Pauly has an engaging writing style and is not afraid to use humour and self-deprecation.' Nature'Some books are good for browsing. Darwin's Fishes is designed expressly for it; and very pleasing and useful it is.' Institute of Biology'Reading the book is like going on a fascinating journey of discovery about Darwin and his contempories, history of biology, evolution, fish biology and up to date biological knowledge. Every time you start reading, the journey will be different, there is always something new to discover … Daniel Pauly succeeded in writing a fascinating, informative and very enjoyable book which is highly recommended to everyone interested in Darwin, fishes, evolution and biology in general.' PalArch, Netherlands Scientific Journal'… the potential readership is large: historians, ichthyologists, and students and scholars simply interested in natural history …' Zeitschrift für Fischkunde'Darwin's Fishes is a remarkable addition to what is publicly known of Charles Darwin and his world, and a good deal else besides.' The Times Literary Supplement'One of the book's great advantages is that it is crosslinked and self-referencing. … It will appeal in particular to historians of biology, who understand the place fish have in the development of evolutionary ideas. Fishery and marine biologists will also have access to Darwin's work through the listing of single fish species, morphological terms, chemical substances, scientists, etc. Pauly has, with his publication, given an exciting and engaging portrayal of Darwin's publications and ideas. This approach deals not only with the ichthyological works of Darwin, but also demonstrates how important fish were to the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection.' History and Philosophy of the Life SciencesTable of ContentsList of figures; Foreword J. S. Nelson; Preface and acknowledgements; Conventions used in the text; Darwin and ichthyology; Darwin's fishes: a dry run; Entries (A to ZZZ); Appendix I. Fish in spirits of wine Jacqueline McGlade; Appendix II. Fish of the Beagle in the BMNH; Appendix III. Checklist of fish specimens, identified as collected by Charles Darwin on the Beagle voyage, that ought to be present in the collections of the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge Adrian Friday; Bibliography; Index to the fishes.

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Book SynopsisA guide to the fishes most commonly found in the Great Lakes. It offers readers quick facts for each species, tips for identification, descriptions of their typical habitats, a discussion of what they eat, and tells about their conservation status.

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Book SynopsisFrom ancient megalodons to fearsome Great Whites, this book tells the complete, untold story of how sharks emerged as Earth’s ultimate survivors, by world-leading paleontologist John Long.“Will keep you on the edge of your seat from its first page to its last page.”—Jared Diamond, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Guns, Germs, and SteelSharks have been fighting for their lives for 500 million years and today are under dire threat. They are the longest-surviving vertebrate on Earth, outlasting multiple mass extinction events that decimated life on the planet. But how did they thrive for so long? By developing superpower-like abilities that allowed them to ascend to the top of the oceanic food chain. John Long, who for decades has been on the cutting edge of shark research, weaves a thrilling story of sharks’ unparalleled reign. The Secret History of Sharks showcases the global search to discover

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Book SynopsisReaders who want answers to specific questions or just want to expand their knowledge about these unique and interesting animals will find the information they seek in this essential reference.Trade ReviewA good general introduction to turtle biology and ecology. -- Ian Paulsen Birdbooker Report 2009 The wide ranging questions are answered in a very readable style, with specific scientific explanations where necessary. -- Christine Tilley British Chelonia Group Newsletter 2010 Gibbons and Greene have done a masterful job of assembling questions of great interest to many readers and providing detailed, interesting, and informative answers... Highly recommended. Choice 2010Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Introducting TurtlesWhat are turtles?What is the difference between turtles, terrapins, and tortoises?How many kinds of turtles are there?Why are turtles important?Why should people care about turtles?Where do turtles live?What is the current classification of turtles?What characterizes the major groups of turtles?When did turtles first evolve?What is the oldest fossil turtle?What is the largest fossil turtle?2. Form and FunctionWhat are the largest and smallest living turtles?What is the metabolism of a turtle?Do turtles have teeth?Do turtles sleep?Can turtles see color?Do all turtles have hard shells?Can a turtle emerge from its shell?Can turtles run?Can all turtles swim?Do all aquatic turtles have flippers?Can turtles breathe under water?Can you tell whether a fossil turtle lived in the sea, in freshwater, or on land?3. Turtle ColorsWhy do so many turtles have yellow stripes on their neck?What causes the different shell and skin colors of turtles?What color are a turtle's eyes?Is there a reason for the patterns on the shell?Do a turtle's colors change as it grows?Do a turtle's colors change in different seasons?Is there much geographic variation within a single turtlespecies?4. Turtle BehaviorAre turtles social?Do turtles fight?Are snapping turtles the only ones that bite?How smart are turtles?Do turtles play?Do turtles talk?How do turtles avoid predators?5. Turtle EcologyWhere do turtles sleep?Do turtles migrate?How many turtle species live in rivers?How many turtle species live in lakes?How many turtle species live in the ocean?Which geographic regions have the most species of turtles?How do turtles survive in the desert?How do turtles survive the winter?How do turtles survive droughts?What is hibernation?Do all turtles bask?Do turtles have enemies?Do turtles get sick?How can you tell if a turtle is sick?Are turtles good for the environment?6. Reproduction and DevelopmentHow do turtles reproduce?Do all turtles lay eggs?Why do sea turtles lay so many eggs but box turtles lay only afew?How long do female turtles hold eggs in their body?Where do turtles lay their eggs?Does a turtle nest at the same time and in the same place every year?Do turtles nest only one time per year?How many eggs do turtles lay?Are all hatchlings in a turtle nest full siblings?How is the sex of a turtle determined?Do turtles care for their young?How fast do turtles grow?How can you tell the age of a turtle?How long do turtles live?7. Foods and FeedingWhat do turtles eat?Do turtles chew their food?How do turtles find food?Are any turtles scavengers?How do turtles eat hard-shelled animals?Do turtles store their food?8. Turtles and HumansDo turtles make good pets?How do you take care of a pet turtle?Are turtles dangerous?Do turtles feel pain?What should I do if I find an injured turtle?What should I do if I find a turtle crossing the road?What should I do if I find a turtle laying eggs?What should I do if I find a baby turtle?How can I see turtles in the wild?Should people feed turtles in lakes?9. Turtle Problems (from a human viewpoint)Are turtles pests?Do turtles reduce the number of fish in lakes and rivers?Do turtles kill ducks in ponds?Do turtles have diseases and are they contagious?Is it safe to eat turtles?What should I do if I get bitten by a turtle?10. Human Problems (from a turtle's viewpoint)Are any turtles endangered?Will turtles be affected by global warming?Are turtles affected by pollution?Why do people hunt and eat turtles?Are "tortoiseshell" items actually made from turtle shells?Why do so many turtles get hit by cars?Are boats dangerous for aquatic turtles?How are turtles affected by litter?What can an ordinary citizen do to help turtles?11. Turtles in Stories and LiteratureWhat roles do turtles play in religion and mythology?Are turtles depicted at all in the Christian religion?Did any early philosophers/naturalists mention turtles in their writings?What are the roles turtles have played in children's literature?What roles do turtles play in popular culture?What about turtles and math?What roles have turtles played in poetry and famoussayings?12. "Turtleology"Who studies turtles?Which species are best known?Which species are least known?How do scientists tell turtles apart?Appendix A: Scientific and Common Names of Living TurtlesAppendix B: Organizations and Societies for Turtle ConservationBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisIts beautiful design and accessible format make it an ideal guide for fishermen, divers, students, scientists, naturalists, and fish enthusiasts alike.Trade ReviewI was surprised to discover just how comprehensive and well-illustrated this book is. Good field guides don't come along too often... But this one covers well over 1,000 species and includes everything you're likely to encounter from the coastal bays out to 200 meter (660 foot) deep waters. Flip through, and you'll discover species you didn't imagine existed (the Atlantic Spiney Lumpfish? The Freckled Driftfish?) as well as the ones you know and love... to catch! -- Lenny Rudow Boater Mouth 2010 This book is a wonderful identification guide... It will make an excellent addition to any tying library both for its detailed baitfish inllustrations as well as a tool for catch identification and research. -- Stuart Patterson Florida Fly Fishing Mgazine 2011 A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes is a resource that shouldn't be overlooked for any student of marine life. Midwest Book Review 2011 This is a substantial improvement on the Peterson Field Guide... Val Kells's illustrations are vivid and beautiful. The comprehensiveness of this text, along with the amount of detail in both illustration and text, are impressive. For these reasons, along with the very reasonable price, I would recommend this book to my colleagues in the scientific community, as well as to my fishing and diving companions. Bulletin of Marine Science 2011 This comprehensive field guide to the marine and brackish water fishes of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts is as well executed as it is accurate. Mariner 2011 Significant and news worthy... comprehensive and compact... A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes is a must have book for any serious angler. Coastal Angler Magazine 2011 You would be hard pressed to find a more comprehensive, beautifully illustrated, and well organized book than A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes: From Maine to Texas and I highly recommend it for anyone interested in marine life. -- Mark Watanabe YakAngler.com 2011 Quite comprehensive, and the illustrations are marvelous! Aqua-Notes 2011 A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes: From Maine to Texas is a must for anyone fishing the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the U.S... it is a great reference for the coffee table, boat or tackle box. International Angler 2011Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPrefaceIntroductionFamiliesSpeciesGlossaryRare Fishes Also in the AreaSelect Bibliography and Additional ResourcesIndex

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Book SynopsisHis inspirational story of dedicated individuals, creative endeavors, and adventure reveals what is being done and what else we must do in order to ensure that these fascinating animals continue swimming in the oceans.Trade ReviewAn interesting overview on the threats to the survival of sea turtles. Birdbooker Report 2011Table of ContentsPreface1. Sea Turtles in the Modern World: Where Do We Stand Today?2. Life in the Egg: Buried Alive under Two Feet of Sand3. Race to the Sea: Coatis, Crabs, and Night Herons—Oh My!4. To the Horizon: The First Day5. Lost and Found: Life as a Juvenile6. The Deadliest Catch: The Other Side of Fishing7. Out of the Fire: The Gauntlet Continues8. Return to the Beach: You Can't Go Home Anymore9. Nesting: Taking Back the Night10. Las Baulas: The Last Hope for Pacific Leatherbacks11. Ostional: The Egg-stained Sands of Costa Rica12. Global Warming: Rising Seas, Lost Beaches, and Genders13. The Great Turtle Race: A New Approach to Conservation Education14. Sea Turtles and Satellites: Tales of Technology15. 2100: A World with, or without, Sea Turtles?Index

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Book SynopsisThe species of hake, making up the genus Merluccius, are commercially important and currently largely over exploited, with many stocks badly depleted and showing only limited signs of recovery. From the end of the 1990s, concepts such as sustainability, ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, a code for the responsible conduct for fisheries, governance and others have emerged or have been considered by politicians, stakeholders and society. Moreover, new tools for stock assessment have been developed. But many hake stocks of the genus Merluccius show no sign of restoration. Hakes: Biology and Exploitation brings together a wealth of important information on the biology and exploitation of hake and hoki stocks around the world. Each chapter provides an overview of the fisheries of each species in an ecological and environmental context, looking at stock distribution, characteristics of the environment, life history, reproduction, diet, growth, mortaliTable of ContentsList of contributors ix Preface xvii Acknowledgement xxi 1 European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean 1Maria Korta, Dorleta García, Marina Santurtún, Nerea Goikoetxea, Eider Andonegi, Hilario Murua, Paula Álvarez, Santiago Cerviño, José Castro and Arantza Murillas 2 Fisheries, ecology and markets of South African hake 38M. D. Durholtz, L. Singh, T. P. Fairweather, R. W. Leslie, C.D. van der Lingen, C. A. R. Bross, L. Hutchings, R. A. Rademeyer, D. S. Butterworth and A. I. L. Payne 3 Biology and fisheries of the shallow-water hake (Merluccius capensis) and the deep-water hake (Merluccius paradoxus) in Namibia 70M. R. Wilhelm, C. H. Kirchner, J. P. Roux, A. Jarre, J. A. Iitembu, J. N. Kathena and P. Kainge 4 Southern hake (Merluccius australis) in New Zealand: biology, fisheries and stock assessment 101Peter L. Horn 5 The biology, fishery and market of Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean 126C. Gatica, S. Neira, H. Arancibia and S. Vásquez 6 Biology and fishery of common hake (Merluccius hubbsi) and southern hake (Merluccius australis) around the Falkland/Malvinas Islands on the Patagonian Shelf of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean 154A. I. Arkhipkin, V. V. Laptikhovsky and A. J. Barton 7 The biology and fishery of hake (Merluccius hubbsi) in the Argentinean–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean 185María Inés Lorenzo and Omar Defeo 8 Biology and fisheries of hake (Merluccius hubbsi) in Brazilian waters, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean 211André Martins Vaz-dos-Santos and Paulo Ricardo Schwingel 9 Biology, fisheries, assessment and management of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) 234Owen S. Hamel, Patrick H. Ressler, Rebecca E. Thomas, Daniel A. Waldeck, Allan C. Hicks, John A. Holmes and Guy W. Fleischer 10 Biology and fisheries of New Zealand hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) 263Mary E. Livingston, Rosemary J. Hurst, Richard L. O’Driscoll, Andy McKenzie, Sira L. Ballara and Peter L. Horn 11 Biology, fishery and products of Chilean hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae magellanicus) 294Rubén Alarcún and Hugo Arancibia 12 An overview of hake and hoki fisheries: analysis of biological, fishery and economic indicators 324Arancibia Hugo, Tony Pitcher and Mary Livingston Index 341

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Book SynopsisStephen Spotte, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, USA Tarpons arose from an ancient lineage, and just two species exist today, confined to the tropics and subtropics: Megalops atlanticus in the western and eastern Atlantic and Megalops cyprinoides distributed widely across the Indo-West Pacific. The Atlantic tarpon is considered king of the saltwater sport fishes and supports a multi-billion dollar recreational fishery in the U.S. alone. The Pacific tarpon, which is much smaller, is less valued by anglers. Both have limited commercial value but offer considerable potential for future aquaculture because of their hardiness, rapid growth, and ease of adaptation to captivity. This book is the latest and most thorough text on the biology, ecology, and fisheries (sport and commercial) of tarpons. The chapters comprise clear, intricate discourses on such subjects as early development and metamorphosis, population genetics, anatomical and physiological featureTable of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgements xi Symbols and abbreviations xii 1 Development 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The tarpon leptocephalus 1 1.3 Staging tarpon ontogeny 4 1.4 Development of Atlantic tarpons 10 1.5 Development of Pacific tarpons 24 1.6 Leptocephalus physiology 33 2 Growth 39 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 The cube law 40 2.3 Sexually dimorphic growth 41 2.4 Condition 44 2.5 Growth rate 49 2.6 Modeling growth 52 2.7 Tarpon larvae 58 3 Spawning 59 3.1 Introduction 59 3.2 Fecundity and early survival 59 3.3 Where tarpons spawn 64 3.4 When tarpons spawn 68 3.5 Size and age at maturity – Atlantic tarpons 72 3.6 Size and age at maturity – Pacific tarpons 78 4 Recruitment 80 4.1 Introduction 80 4.2 Life in the plankton 80 4.3 Inshore migration 83 4.4 Offshore migration 85 4.5 Mechanisms of recruitment 88 4.6 Factors affecting recruitment 89 5 Breathing and respiration 96 5.1 Introduction 96 5.2 Water-breathing 97 5.3 Air-breathing 100 5.4 Cardiovascular function 108 5.5 Hypoxia 113 5.6 Hypercapnia 125 5.7 Air-breathing as social behavior 126 6 Osmo- and ionoregulation 128 6.1 Introduction 128 6.2 Osmo- and ionoregulation 130 6.3 Ionocytes 132 6.4 Acid-base regulation 136 6.5 Ammonia excretion 137 6.6 Euryhaline transition 141 6.7 Endocrine factors 144 6.8 Eggs and larvae 147 7 Ecology 152 7.1 Introduction 152 7.2 Habitats 152 7.3 Predators of tarpons 159 7.4 Environmental factors affecting survival 162 7.5 Gregariousness 166 7.6 Seasonal movements 167 7.7 Feeding and foods 174 8 Fisheries 186 8.1 Introduction 186 8.2 Recreational fisheries 186 8.3 Handling 190 8.4 Stress effects 195 8.5 Commercial fisheries 211 8.6 Aquaculture 215 8.7 Populations 219 8.8 Final note: whom should we save? 224 Appendices 232 References 286 Index 323

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Book SynopsisReveals many aspects of the lives of marsupial frogs and closely allied genera. This book tells about the diversity of color patterns and the frogs geographic distributions by providing more than 200 photographs, illustrations, and maps. It is suitable for herpetologists, tropical biologists, and developmental biologists.Trade ReviewThis outstanding volume is the result of the longest enduring of Duellman's research projects; add it to your bookshelf! -- David C. Cannatella Phyllomedusa Overall, this is a very detailed, well-written, up-to-date summary of known information on these frogs. It will be indispensable to scientists who are or will be working with marsupial frogs. It will also be valuable to advanced students of herpetology. Highly Recommended. Choice This book does a great job of achieving its goal of summarizing the current knowledge of the family and highlighting where knowledge is currently lacking. The writing style is easy to follow and concise making this book a very compelling read. I very rarely use the following words when writing book reviews, but this book is a must for anyone with an interest in neotropical herpetology or amphibians in general. Herpetological BulletinTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgments1. IntroductionMaterial and Methods2. The Place of Hemiphractids in Anuran PhylogenyMorphological Phylogenetic AnalysesMolecular Phylogenetic AnalysesLiterature Cited3. Phylogeny and ClassificationPhylogenetic RelationshipsClassificationVernacular NamesLiterature Cited4. Osteology, by linda truebAllies of Marsupial FrogsCranial Osteology of GastrothecaCharacterization of GastrothecaLiterature Cited5. External Morphological FeaturesAdult FrogsExternal Characters of FrogsTadpolesLiterature Cited6. Chromosomes, Muscles, and VocalizationChromosomesThroat MusculatureVocalizationLiterature CitedReproductive BiologyMating and OvipositionThe Brood PouchEmbryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic RespirationHatchingLarvaeEvolution of Reproduction and DevelopmentLiterature Cited8. BiogeographyHistory of South AmericaEvolutionary History of HemiphractidaePresent DistributionsHabitats of Hemiphractid FrogsLiterature Cited9. Genera of HemiphractidaeFamily HemiphractidaeKey to GeneraCryptobatrachusFlectonotusHemiphractusFritzianaStefaniaGastrotheca10. Basal subgenera of GastrothecaSubgenus EothecaKey to SpeciesGastrotheca (Eotheca) fissipesGastrotheca (Eotheca) flammaGastrotheca (Eotheca) megacephalaGastrotheca (Eotheca) prasinaGastrotheca (Eotheca) pulchraGastrotheca (Eotheca) recavaSubgenus CryptothecaKey to SpeciesGastrotheca (Cryptotheca) walkeriGastrotheca (Cryptotheca) williamsoniSubgenus AmphignathodonKey to SpeciesGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) andaquiensisGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) angustifronsGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) antomiaGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) bufonaGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) cornutaGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) dendronastesGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) guentheriGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) helenaeGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) longipesGastrotheca (Amphignathodon) weinlandiiSubgenus AustralothecaKey to SpeciesGastrotheca (Australotheca) albolineataGastrotheca (Australotheca) ernestoiGastrotheca (Australotheca) fulvorufaGastrotheca (Australotheca) microdiscusSubgenus OpisthodelphysGastrotheca (Opisthodelphys) oviferaSubgenus EdaphothecaGastrotheca (Edaphotheca) galeataLiterature Cited11. Andean Species of Subgenus DuellmaniaSubgenus DuellmaniaKey to SpeciesGastrotheca (Duellmania) argenteovirensGastrotheca (Duellmania) aureomaculataGastrotheca (Duellmania) dunniGastrotheca (Duellmania) dysprositaGastrotheca (Duellmania) espeletiaGastrotheca (Duellmania) litonedisGastrotheca (Duellmania) lojanaGastrotheca (Duellmania) monticolaGastrotheca (Duellmania) niceforiGastrotheca (Duellmania) orophylaxGastrotheca (Duellmania) plumbeaGastrotheca (Duellmania) riobambaeGastrotheca (Duellmania) ruiziGastrotheca (Duellmania) trachycepsLiterature Cited12. Andean Species of Subgenus GastrothecaSubgenus GastrothecaKey to SpeciesGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) abditaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) aguarunaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) antoniiochoaiGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) aratiaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) atympanaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) caeruleomaculataGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) carinacepsGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) christianiGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) chrysostictaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) excubitorGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) gracilisGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) griswoldiGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) lateonotaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) marsupiataGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) nebulanastesGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) ochoaiGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) ossilaginisGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) pacchamamaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) pachachacaeGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) peruanaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) phalarosaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) phellodermaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) piperataGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) pseustesGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) psychrophilaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) rebeccaeGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) splendensGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) stictopleuraGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) testudineaGastrotheca (Gastrotheca) zeugocystisLiterature Cited13. In RetrospectLiterature CitedIndex

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewA must have for those with an interest in the marine fishes of the West Coast. Birdbooker Report This book will soon become your go-to identification guide, and is compact and durable enough with water resistant pages to throw in your dive bag, fishing tackle box, or field sampling gear. Together with Kells's previous book on fishes from Maine to Texas, you will be prepared to identify almost any coastal species you come across in the continental United States. Copeia This new guide to Pacific coast fishes from Johns Hopkins University Press would be a great addition to any Oregon Master Naturalist's library. Oregon Master Naturalist Program A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes by Kells, Rocha, and Allen is a wonderful field guide that would be a welcome addition to any dive bag or tackle box... I cannot recommend this book enough to anglers, divers, hobby naturalists, and students alike. It is a musthave for anyone who wants to quickly and accurately identify a Pacific Coast fish on the go. Environmental Biology of FishesTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPrefaceAbout This BookArea and Species CoveredNames and Sequence of SpeciesOrganization and PresentationIntroductionDiversity and ClassicationAdaptations to Life in WaterIdentifying FishesConservationFamiliesSpeciesGlossaryRare Fishes Also in the AreaSelect Bibliography and Additional ResourcesIndex

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThe most comprehensive book about Florida's marine fishes ever produced, Marine Fishes of Florida includes hundreds of photographs and descriptions of species you'll encounter-plus many that are rare-when diving, snorkeling, kayaking, or fishing. ECO Magazine ... Fascinating for anyone wishing to learn about these fascinating animals. Libraries in the southeast United States, and any institution, including colleges and universities, with patrons interested in the lives of fish will find the reasonably priced volume worth having. American Reference Books Annual Recommended. ChoiceTable of ContentsPrefaceIntroductionLampreys (Petromyzontidae)Nurse Sharks (Ginglymostomatidae)Whale Sharks (Rhincodontidae)Sand Tigers (Odontaspididae)Thresher Sharks (Alopiidae)Basking Sharks (Cetorhinidae)Mackerel Sharks (Lamnidae)Cat Sharks (Scyliorhinidae)Hound Sharks (Triakidae)Requiem Sharks (Carcharhinidae)Hammerhead Sharks (Sphyrnidae)Angel Sharks (Squatinidae)Torpedo Electric Rays (Torpedinidae)Electric Rays (Narcinidae)Sawfishes (Pristidae)Guitarfishes (Rhinobatidae)Skates (Rajidae)American Round Stingrays (Urotrygonidae)Whiptail Stingrays (Dasyatidae)Butterfly Rays (Gymnuridae)Eagle Rays (Myliobatidae)Cownose Rays (Rhinopteridae)Mantas (Mobulidae)Sturgeons (Acipenseridae)Gars (Lepisosteidae)Tenpounders (Elopidae)Tarpons (Megalopidae)Bonefishes (Albulidae)Freshwater Eels (Anguillidae)Morays (Muraenidae)Snake Eels (Ophichthidae)Conger Eels (Congridae)Anchovies (Engraulidae)Herrings (Clupeidae)Sea Catfishes (Ariidae)Lizardfishes (Synodontidae)Codlets (Bregmacerotidae)Codlings (Moridae)Merlucciid Hakes (Merlucciidae)Phycid Hakes (Phycidae)Pearlfishes (Carapidae)Cusk-Eels (Ophidiidae)Viviparous Brotulas (Bythitidae)Toadfishes (Batrachoididae)Goosefishes (Lophiidae)Frogfishes (Antennariidae)Batfishes (Ogcocephalidae)Mullets (Mugilidae)New World Silversides (Atherinopsidae)Old World Silversides (Atherinidae)Flyingfishes (Exocoetidae)Half beaks (Hemiramphidae)Needlefishes (Belonidae)New World Rivulines (Rivulidae)Pupfishes (Cyprinodontidae)Topminnows (Fundulidae)Livebearers (Poeciliidae)Squirrelfishes (Holocentridae)Seahorses and Pipefishes (Syngnathidae)Trumpetfishes (Aulostomidae)Cornetfishes (Fistulariidae)Snipefishes (Macroramphosidae)Flying Gurnards (Dactylopteridae)Scorpionfishes (Scorpaenidae)Searobins (Triglidae)Snooks (Centropomidae)Wreckfishes (Polyprionidae)Groupers (Epinephelidae)Sea Basses (Serranidae)Basslets (Grammatidae)Jawfishes (Opistognathidae)Bigeyes (Priacanthidae)Cardinalfishes (Apogonidae)Tilefishes (Malacanthidae)Bluefishes (Pomatomidae)Jacks (Carangidae)Cobias (Rachycentridae)Dolphinfishes (Coryphaenidae)Remoras (Echeneidae)Snappers (Lutjanidae)Tripletails (Lobotidae)Mojarras (Gerreidae)Grunts (Haemulidae)Porgies (Sparidae)Threadfins (Polynemidae)Drums and Croakers (Sciaenidae)Goatfishes (Mullidae)Sweepers (Pempheridae)Sea Chubs (Kyphosidae)Butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae)Angelfishes (Pomacanthidae)Hawkfishes (Cirrhitidae)Damselfishes (Pomacentridae)Wrasses and Parrotfishes (Labridae)Stargazers (Uranoscopidae)Triplefins (Tripterygiidae)Sand Stargazers (Dactyloscopidae)Combtooth Blennies (Blenniidae)Labrisomid Blennies (Labrisomidae)Tube Blennies (Chaenopsidae)Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae)Dragonets (Callionymidae)Sleepers (Eleotridae)Gobies (Gobiidae)Wormfishes (Microdesmidae)Dartfishes (Ptereleotridae)Spadefishes (Ephippidae)Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae)Barracudas (Sphyraenidae)Snake Mackerels (Gempylidae)Cutlassfishes (Trichiuridae)Mackerels (Scombridae)Swordfishes (Xiphiidae)Billfishes (Istiophoridae)Medusafishes (Centrolophidae)Driftfishes (Nomeidae)Ariommatids (Ariommatidae)Squaretails (Tetragonuridae)Butterfishes (Stromateidae)Boarfishes (Caproidae)Turbots (Scophthalmidae)Sand Flounders (Paralichthyidae)Lefteye Flounders (Bothidae)American Soles (Achiridae)Tonguefishes (Cynoglossidae)Spikefishes (Triacanthodidae)Triggerfishes (Balistidae)Filefishes (Monacanthidae)Boxfishes (Ostraciidae)Puffers (Tetraodontidae)Porcupinefishes (Diodontidae)Molas (Molidae)AppendixGlossaryIndex

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Book SynopsisEcologists have long struggled to understand community dynamics. In this groundbreaking book, leading fish ecologists William Matthews and Edie Marsh-Matthews apply long-term studies of stream fish communities to several enduring questions. This critical synthesis reaches to the heart of ecological theory, testing concepts against the four decades of data the authors have collected from numerous warm-water stream fish communities in the central and eastern United States. Stream Fish Community Dynamics draws together the work of a single research team to provide fresh analyses of the short- and long-term dynamics of numerous streams, each with multiple sampling sites. Conducting repeated surveys of fish communities at temporal scales from months to decades, the authors' research findings will fascinate anyone searching for a deeper understanding of community ecology. The study sites covered by this book range from small headwater creeks to large prairie rivers in Oklahoma and from OzarkTrade ReviewOverall, this text offers significant insight from two leading researchers in the field, and will serve as a valuable tool for those individuals who wish to delve further into the research. Essential.—ChoiceThis book is at once a memoir and love letter to a couple of brilliant research careers, and essential reading for those early-career scientists and others entering the stream fish community ecology topic now, who need to catch up. In both regards, the book is a real pleasure to read. For agency scientists involved in biomonitoring using fishes, and stream restoration, this book should be considered a primer in just how much we do, and do not, understand about the underlying factors that dictate why fishes are where they are.—Reviews in Fisheries Science and AquacultureIn conclusion, Stream Fish Community Dynamics—A Critical Synthesis represents a valuable synopsis of the tremendous scientific careers of Bill and Edie Matthews, careers that will continue to influence generations of future scientists.—Fisheries MagazineHelps us rethink hypotheses about our stream fishes and their relationships to each other and to their habitat, and add context to questions related to climate change. At the end of our careers, we can only hope that our cumulative scientific work will be significant enough to be published as a book like this one.—Brooke E. Penaluna & Ivan Arismendi, Environmental Biology of FishesTable of ContentsContents Preface Chapter 1: Studying Stream Fish Communities Chapter 2: The Stream Fish Community Study SystemsChapter 3: Characterizing the Fish CommunitiesChapter 4: Traits of Species That Influence Community DynamicsChapter 5: Interactions among Species Chapter 6: Disturbance: Weather Extremes, Flood and Drought, and Fish Community DynamicsChapter 7: Temporal Dynamics of Fish Communities and the "Loose Equilibrium" ConceptChapter 8: Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Stream Fish CommunitiesChapter 9: "What's it All Mean?" (Ecosystem Effects)Chapter 10: A Critical Synthesis References Index

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Book SynopsisThe first, definitive reference on the natural history and ecology of every one of the known 6500+ species of lizards, spanning the entire globe. Our planet is literally crawling with lizards. More than 6500 species are known to science, and new species are being discovered annually. In this monumental work, eminent researcher Gordon Rodda has created the first compilation of the natural histories of all the world's lizards and amphisbaenians, as well as the Tuatara. Although other books have attempted to survey the scope of adaptations present in the world's lizards, only Rodda has been able to quantify and summarize all species or higher taxa. Analyzing the relationships among traits such as morphologic characteristics, reproductive strategies, and food sources, Rodda uncovers novel insights into reptile ecology. Identifying 14 recurring character syndromes across all the world's lizards, he proposes a new lens for categorization. He also touches on common names geographic range lTrade ReviewRodda has given us a new framework for thinking about lizard natural history . . . Any scholar of lizard biology or natural history should think of adding this book to their library. It will be a wonderful resource for years to come.—Trends in Ecology and EvolutionAnyone who wants to deeply understand the true nature of what makes a lizard a lizard will be left in awe of the level of scholarship, detailed research, thought, and creativity that went into this unique contribution . . . It absolutely belongs on the shelf of any lab with even a passing interest in herpetology and in every university library, if only for the sheer number of masters and doctoral theses it is sure to inspire.—Herpetological ReviewLizards of the World is an absolute must for any serious lizard biologist or graduate student planning to work with lizards. The price is hefty, but accounting for the time it would require to track down natural history data for any single species without this book makes it worth every cent . . . Serious readers will learn a lot of ecology and evolutionary biology from the text and should come away with a nearly unlimited set of ideas for future research.—ICHTHYOLOGY & HERPETOLOGYFrom Ablepharus to Zygaspis this book was a massive, unparalleled undertaking. The result is indisputably the most thorough coverage ever published of the biology of every known lizard in the world . . . This volume will be an essential reference for anyone conducting research on any species of lizard anywhere in the world. Its value as a source of natural history information cannot be overstated.—Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction and MethodsThe Interplay between Ecological and Phylogenetic CausationDefinitionsSize EstimationAnalytical MethodsChapter 2. What Are Lizards?CompositionMorphologySexually Differing TraitsGeographyActivityReproductionDietPopulationsThe Modal LizardChapter 3. LinkagesMethods Unique to This ChapterMassMorphologySexual Size DimorphismColorDietForagingTime of Day (Diel Activity)Predator Concealment TacticsMicrohabitatReproduction AllocationIslandsLongevityPopulation Density/BiomassIntroductionsImperiled LizardsNext StepsChapter 4. Ecological Business ModelsCrack HermitDiurnal Canopy WalkerGiant HerbivoreGliderGround-foraging Tree LizardImmobility ExpertLitter CryptozoidNocturnal Canopy WalkerNocturnal Ground LizardRefugia-anchored Diurnal Ground LizardSand SharkSubterranean ForagerTrunk/Wall LizardWide-ranging ChemosensorOverview of Ecological Business ModelsChapter 5. Taxon Accounts(alphabetical by family or genus name; use index to search by English name)A (Ablepharus to Australolacerta)B (Bachia to Bunopus)C (Cadeidae and Cadea to Cyrtopodion)D (Dactylocnemis to Dryadosaura)E (Ebenavia to Exila)F (Feylinia to Furcifer)G (Gallotia to Gymnophthalmus)H (Haackgreerius to Hypsilurus)I (Iberolacerta to Isopachys)J (Janetaescincus to Jarujinia)K (Kaestlea to Kolekanos)L (Lacerta to Lyriocephalus)M (Mabuya to Morunasaurus)N (Nactus to Nucras)O (Oedodera to Ouroborus)P (Pachycalamus to Pygopus)Q (Quedenfeldtia)R (Ramigekko to Rondonops)S (Saara to Strophurus)T (Tachygyia to Tytthoscincus)U (Uma to Uvidicolus)V (Vanzosaura to Voeltzkowia)W (Woodworthia)X (Xantusia to Xenosauridae and Xenosaurus)Z (Zonosaurus to Zygaspis)AcknowledgmentsAppendicesA. Database Fields and Comments on Their TabulationB. Methods for Quantifying Lizard SizesC. Standards for Qualification of Absolute Population DensitiesLiterature CitedIndex

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