Warfare and defence Books

Book SynopsisThis book analyzes the defense policy of Athens in the period after the Peloponnesian War. In order to counter new offensive strategies and to protect vital local sources of revenue, the Athenians instituted a system of territorial defense, based on massive frontier fortresses and a sophisticated signal network. Individual chapters treat Athens' postwar economic situations, the development of Greek military science, the rise of a defensive mentality among the Athenian citizens, theorectical literature on defense, and Athens' military establishment. A major section is devoted to detailed descriptions of the land routes into Attica and of all ancient fortresses, towers, and military highways in the frontier zones. Concluding chapters demonstrate how the defense system worked in practic.Trade Review'...a major contribution to military history and to our understanding of fourth-century Greece.' Charles D. Hamilton, American Historical Review, 1987. 'Cette stimulante contribution à l'histoire athénienne s'impose par son intelligence, sa cohérence et sa méthode.' L. Migeotte, Etudes Classiques, 1988. '...closely argued and provocative book. The evidence assembled is impressive...' Mark H. Munn, American Journal of Archaeology, 1990. 'Bien informé et solidement argumenté, ce livre offre matière à réflexion.' Philippe Gautier, Revue de Philologie, 1986. '...this challenging and well-argued thesis...' Jeremy J. Paterson, Agricultural History Review, 1980.

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Book SynopsisThis volume examines Scotland's experience of and reaction to European expansion between c. 1600-1800. Although Scotland lacked an independent empire in the seventeenth century, it gained unfettered access to the global empire of England after 1707. The volume argues that, beneath this seemingly stark discontinuity, there lay considerable continuity. Using a series of case studies on Scottish governors serving in the empires of Denmark-Norway, Weden, and their eighteenth century Russian and British equivalents, it highlights the previously underestimated chronological and geographic extent of Scotland's engagement in European expansion. It concludes that a blend of informal networks of kinship and local association complemented the official status of Scottish governors and produced a relatively distinctive and effective strategy for participating in imperialism.Trade Review"...valuable collection...a radical conception of what union actually meant for Scottish participation in the empire." Gordon DesBrisay, Sixteenth Century Journal, 2005. "All too many collections of essays are disjointed and of variable quality. It is therefore a particular pleasure to note that this volume offers high-quality work organized around the coherent theme outlined in the title. The editors between them have already made a major contribution to early-modern Scottish history and this collection should be seen as building on their works." Jeremy Black, H-Net Reviews, 2004.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Abbreviations List of Contributors Foreword / John M. MacKenzie Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Scotsmen on the Danish-Norwegian Frontiers c. 1580-1680 / Steve Murdoch… 1 2 At the Edge of Civilisation: John Cunningham, Lensmann of Finnmark, 1619-51 / Rune Hagen … 29 3 A Century of Scottish Governorship in the Swedish Empire, 1574-1700 / Alexia Grosjean … 53 4 An Irish Governor of Scotland: Lord Broghill, 1655-1656 / Patrick Little … 79 5 Field-Marshal James Keith: Governor of the Ukraine and Finland, 1740-1743 / Atina L. K. Nihtinen … 99 6 Gabriel Johnston and the Portability of Patronage in the Eighteenth-Century North Atlantic World / Tim Hanson … 119 7 James Glen and the Indians / Alex Murdoch … 141 8 Governor Robert Dinwiddie and the Virginia Frontier, 1751-57 / Robert Cain … 161 9 Robert Melville and the Frontiers of Empire in the British West Indies, 1763-1771 / Douglas Hamilton … 181 10 Fashioning a 'British' Empire: Sir Archibald Campbell of Inverneil and Madras, 1785-9 / Andrew Mackillop … 205 Index … 233

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Book SynopsisThis collection is a unique joint venture of teachers in, and practitioners of military ethics. Representatives of each branch of the Armed Forces, i.e. the Navy, the Army, the Air Force and the Military Police, discuss their branch-specific experiences with moral questions and dilemma’s. The moral questions and dilemma’s which arise in their work are also discussed by certain professional groups within the Armed Forces, such as the Military Medical Service and the Military Psychological Service. Detailed attention is given to how junior commanders can enhance morally responsible behaviour within their unit. A substantial part of the book focuses on teaching military ethics. It includes the Socratic dialogue, decision-making skills, and a chapter containing fictitious moral dilemmas that can be used as exercises. The book is aimed at those responsible for training at military training centres as well as at cadets, midshipmen and young officers. It will also be an important tool for commanders preparing for a mission. And it will be of use for all those concerned with the subject of military ethics at policy and management level, both in the armed forces and outside it. Military Ethics: The Dutch Approach – A Practical Guide is an adapted translation of the main chapters of the Dutch-language volume Praktijkboek Militaire Ethiek (Practitioner's Guide Military Ethics).Trade Review'...plausible and usually persuasive...' Patrick Nold, English Historical Review, 2002. 'Friedlander [...] succeeds admirably in his task of recovering Bernard Francisan and giving us a firmly grounded picture of what it could mean to follow the ideals of the saint of Assisi in the turbulent context of the late 1200s and early 1300s.' James B. Given, Speculum, 2001.Table of ContentsForeword by Mr. C. van der Knaap, State Secretary for Defence of the Netherlands; Introduction; Chapter 1 Military Ethics – Its Nature and Pedagogy by Th.A. van Baarda and D.E.M. Verweij; Chapter 2 Leadership in Practice by C. van Egmond; Chapter 3 Ethics, Command Responsibility and Dilemmas in Military Operations by Th.A. van Baarda; Chapter 4 Ethics in the Royal Netherlands Navy by Th.A. van Baarda; Chapter 5 Ethics in the Royal Netherlands Army: The Development of Morally Competent Military Personnel, from Recruit to Veteran by C.E. van den Berg and D.E.M. Verweij; Chapter 6 Teaching Ethics to NCOs in the Royal Netherlands Army by J.P.M. Schoenmakers and D.E.M. Verweij; Chapter 7 Ethics and Dilemmas in the Royal Netherlands Air Force by Th.A. van Baarda and P.J.M. van der Heijden; Chapter 8 ‘Without Fear or Blame’: Moral Dilemmas in the Royal Marechausse (Royal Netherlands Constabulary) by H. Hovens; Chapter 9 Moral Dilemmas in Military Health Care by A.J. van Leusden (MD) and (MD) M.J.J. Hoejenbos; Chapter 10 Walking a Tightrope? Ethics and Conflicts of Interest in Psychological Support to Missions by Ambaum and L. Horstman; Chapter 11 Moral Dilemmas of the Social Workers in the Defence Social Service by M. Meijer; Chapter 12 The Confidential Counsellor by H.H. Horlings and E.J. Overbeke; Chapter 13 Forming a Moral Judgement Using a Dynamic Model by Th.A. van Baarda; Chapter 14 Manual for Instructors: Forming a Moral Judgement Using a Dynamic Model by Th.A. van Baarda; Chapter 15 Socrates in the Armed Forces: The Role of the Socratic Dialogue in Military Training by D.E.M. Verweij and M. Becker; Chapter 16 Dilemmas for Use During Instruction by S.H. Springer; Annex: Different Ethical Approaches; Index; Bibliography; About the authors.

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Book SynopsisDuring the Second World War, the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) suffered one of its greatest defeats in Burma. Both in Malaya and Burma, the bulk of the British Commonwealth forces comprised Indian units. Few people know that by 1944, about 70 percent of the Allied ground personnel in Burma was composed of soldiers of the Indian Army. The Indian Army comprised British-led Indian units, British officered units of the Indian princely states and the British units attached to the Government of India. Based on the archival materials collected from India and the United Kingdom, Sepoys against the Rising Sun assesses the combat/military/battlefield effectiveness of the Indian Army against the IJA during World War II. The volume is focussed on the tactical innovations and organizational adaptations which enabled the sepoys to overcome the Japanese in the trying terrain of Burma.Table of ContentsContents Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii List of Maps and Tables xiv List of Abbreviations xvi Glossary xx Introduction 1 Maps 10 1 The Indian Army before the Far Eastern War 18 Introduction 18 Recruitment and Expansion of the Indian Army 18 Combat Experience and Modernization of the Indian Army 35 Conclusion 48 2 Fall of Hong Kong: 8 December–26 December 1941 50 Pre-war British Hong Kong 50 The Commonwealth Forces and its Opponent 51 The Battle 59 Conclusion 65 3 Disaster in Malaya: 8 December 1941–31 January 1942 66 Commonwealth and Japanese Forces in Malaya 68 Japanese Advance and Commonwealth Retreat 87 Reasons behind Commonwealth Military Failure 104 Conclusion 120 4 The Siege of Singapore: 4 February–15 February 1942 122 Introduction 122 Organization of the Defence 125 Retreat from the Beaches 133 Assessment 144 Conclusion 150 5 Collapse in Sarawak and Borneo: 16 December 1941–3 April 1942 153 Introduction 153 Defensive Preparations 154 The Invasion 155 Conclusion 159 6 Retreat from Burma: 11 December 1941–20 May 1942 160 Commonwealth Units in Burma and their Japanese Opponent before the Invasion 162 The Long Retreat 170 Assessment 198 Conclusion 207 7 Reorganizing and Retraining the Indian Army: May 1942–February 1944 209 Lessons of Defeat 209 Training Infrastructure in India 215 External Influence 233 Hardware and Transportation 239 Organization for Victory 248 Conclusion 255 8 Jungle War in the Arakan: 1942–1945 256 Introduction 256 Defeat in the Arakan: February 1942–16 October 1942 258 The First Arakan Offfensive 263 Stalemate 276 HA GO Operation 283 Japanese Retreat in Arakan 293 Conclusion 300 9 Imphal and Kohima: March–July 1944 302 Introduction 302 Training, Equipment and Force Structure 302 Japanese Defeat in Imphal and Kohima: March–July 1944 315 Assessment 334 Conclusion 346 10 Endgame in Burma: August 1944–15 August 1945 349 Introduction 349 Combat Efffectiveness of the British and Indian Armies 349 Planning and Deployments of the Commonwealth and Japanese Armies 364 Mandalay-Meiktila and the Race for Rangoon 370 Assessment 381 Conclusion 386 Conclusion 389 Bibliography 401 Subject Index 419 Military Units Index 433

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Book SynopsisCircum Mare: Themes in Ancient Warfare presents a thematic approach to current directions in ancient military studies with case studies on topics including the economics of warfare, military cohesion, military authority, irregular warfare, and sieges. Bringing together research on cultures from across the Mediterranean world, ranging from Pharaonic Egypt to Late Antique Europe and from Punic Spain to Persian Anatolia, the collection demonstrates both the breadth of the current field and a surprising number of synergies.Table of ContentsContents Foreword Lee L. Brice Acknowledgments Abbreviations 1 War and Society in the Ancient World: An Introduction Jeremy Armstrong Military Narratives 2 Simple Words, Simple Pictures: The Link between the Snapshots of Battle and the War Diary Entries in Ancient Egypt Anthony Spalinger 3 Caesar’s Exempla and the Role of Centurions in Battle David Nolan The Economics of Warfare 4 Coinage and the Economics of the Athenian Empire Matthew Trundle 5 Tributum in the Middle Republic Nathan Rosenstein Military Cohesion 6 The Ties that Bind: Military Cohesion in Archaic Rome Jeremy Armstrong 7 Sacramentum Militiae: Empty Words in an Age of Chaos Mark Hebblewhite Military Authority 8 Circumscribing Imperium: Power and Regulation in the Republican Province Ralph Covino 9 The Delian and Second Athenian Leagues: The Perspective of Collective Action James Kierstead Irregular Warfare 10 ‘Warlordism’ and the Disintegration of the Western Roman Army Jeroen W.P. Wijnendaele 11 The Significance of Insignificant Engagements: Irregular Warfare during the Punic Wars Louis Rawlings Fortifications and Sieges 12 ‘Siege Warfare’ in Ancient Egypt, as Derived from Select Royal and Private Battle Scenes Brett H. Heagren 13 Tissaphernes and the Achaemenid Defense of Western Anatolia, 412–395bc John W.I. Lee Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAfter years at the margins of medical history, the relationship between war and medicine is at last beginning to move centre-stage. The essays in this volume focus on one important aspect of that relationship: the practice and development of medicine within the armed forces from the late nineteenth century through to the end of the Second World War. During this crucial period, medicine came to occupy an important position in military life, especially during the two world wars when manpower was at a premium. Good medical provisions were vital to the conservation of manpower, protecting servicemen from disease and returning the sick and wounded to duty in the shortest possible time. A detailed knowledge of the serviceman's mind and body enabled the authorities to calculate and standardise rations, training and disciplinary procedures. Spanning the laboratory and the battlefield, and covering a range of national contexts, the essays in this volume provide valuable insights into different national styles and priorities. They also examine the relationship between medical personnel and the armed forces as a whole, by looking at such matters as the prevention of disease, the treatment of psychiatric casualties and the development of medical science. The volume as a whole demonstrates that medicine became an increasingly important part of military life in the era of modern warfare, and suggests new avenues and approaches for future study.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Notes on Contributors Mark HARRISON: Medicine and the Management of Modern Warfare: An Introduction J.T.H. CONNOR: ‘Before the World in Concealed Disgrace': Physicians, Professionalization and the 1898 Cuban Campaign of the Spanish American War Leo van BERGEN: ‘The Malingerers are to Blame': The Dutch Military Health Service before and during the First World War Michael WORBOYS: Almroth Wright at Netley: Modern Medicine and the Military in Britain, 1892-1902 Claire HERRICK: ‘The Conquest of the Silent Foe': British and American Military Medical Reform Rhetoric and the Russo-Japanese War Cay-Rüdiger PRÜLL: Pathology at War 1914-1918: Germany and Britain in Comparison Ian R. WHITEHEAD: The British Medical Officer on the Western Front: The Training of Doctors for War Mark HARRISON: Disease, Discipline and Dissent: The Indian Army in France and England, 1914-1915 Lesley A. HALL: ‘War always brings it on': War, STDs, the Military, and the Civilian Population in Britain, 1850-1950 Mark HARRISON: Sex and the Citizen Soldier: Health, Morals and Discipline in the British Army during the Second World War Hans POLS: The Repression of War Trauma in American Psychiatry after World War II Index

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Book SynopsisThe British have been involved in numerous wars since the Middle Ages. Many, if not all, of these wars have been re-constructed in historical accounts, in the media and in the arts, and have thus kept the nation's cultural memory of its wars alive. Wars have influenced the cultural construction and reconstruction not only of national identities in Britain; personal, communal, gender and ethnic identities have also been established, shaped, reinterpreted and questioned in times of war and through its representations. Coming from Literary, Film and Cultural Studies, History and Art History, the contributions in this multidisciplinary volume explore how different cultural communities in the British Isles have envisaged war and its significance for various aspects of identity-formation, from the Middle Ages through to the 20th century.Trade Review”…a well-balanced though necessarily eclectic volume of articulate essays, which are all well-annotated and provide comprehensive bibliographies. […] insightful multidisciplinary collection…” in: Anglia, Band 122 (2004), Heft 2Table of ContentsBARBARA KORTE AND RALF SCHNEIDER: Introduction; BARBARA KORTE: Wars and ‘British’ Identities – From Norman Conquerors to Bosnian Warriors. An Overview of Cultural Representations; DIANA CONDELL: The History and Role of the Imperial War Museum; FRITZ KEMMLER: Facts and Fictions – The Norman Conquest; UTE ENGEL: The Bayeux Tapestry and All That – Images of War and Combat in the Arts of Medieval England; BERNHARD KLEIN: ‘Tales of Iron Wars’ – Shakespeare and the Uncommon Soldier; THOMAS ROMMEL: ‘Lines Suggested by the War in the Crimea’ – Florence Nightingale and the Role of the Individual Soldier; PAUL GOETSCH: The Fantastic in Poetry of the First World War; EVELINE KILIAN: “What does ‘our country’ mean to me an outsider?” – Virginia Woolf, War and Patriotism; JENNI CALDER: World War and Women – Advance and Retreat; CHRISTOPHER HARVIE: Men Who Pushed and Went – West Britain, War and Fiction, 1914-1926; CLAUDIA STERNBERG: The Tripod in the Trenches – Media Memories of the First World War; PAUL ADDISON: National Identity and the Battle of Britain; HELGE NOWAK: Britain, Britishness and the Blitz – Public Images, Attitudes and Visions in Times of War; SILVIA MERGENTHAL: England’s Finest – Battle Fields and Football Grounds in John King’s Football Novels; DOROTHEA FLOTHOW: ‘Britons’ at War – A Selective Chronology; INDEX; NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

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