WAP (wireless) technology Books

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDrones are taking the world by storm. The technology and laws governing them change faster than we can keep up with. The Big Book of Drones covers everything from drone law to laws on privacy, discussing the history and evolution of drones to where we are today. If you are new to piloting, it also covers how to fly a drone including a pre-flight checklist.For those who are interested in taking drones to the next level, we discuss how to build your own using a 3D printer as well as many challenging projects for your drone. For the truly advanced, The Big Book of Drones discusses how to hack a drone. This includes how to perform a replay attack, denial of service attack, and how to detect a drone and take it down.Finally, the book also covers drone forensics. This is a new field of study, but one that is steadily growing and will be an essential area of inquiry as drones become more prevalent.Table of ContentsAbout this book. 1 Introduction. 2 The history of drones. 3 Laws governing drones. 4 Drone hardware/software. 5 Flying a drone. 6 Hacking a drone. 7 Programing a drone. 8 Build your own drone. 9 Do-It-Yourself (DIY) drone projects. 10 Drone forensics. 11 More on drones. Definitions. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDelay- and Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are networks subject to arbitrarily long-lived disruptions in connectivity and therefore cannot guarantee end-to-end connectivity at all times. Consequently DTNs called for novel core networking protocols since most existing Internet protocols rely on the network's ability to maintain end-to-end communication between participating nodes. This book presents the fundamental principles that underline DTNs. It explains the state-of-the-art on DTNs, their architecture, protocols, and applications. It also explores DTN's future technological trends and applications. Its main goal is to serve as a reference for researchers and practitioners.Table of Contents1. Introduction, Daniel Oberhaus.2. Delay and Disruption Tolerant Network Architecture, Aloizio P. Silva, Scott Burleigh, and Katia Obraczka.3. DTN Platforms, Aloizio P. Silva and Scott Burleigh.4. Case Study: Interplanetary Networks, Aloizio P. Silva and Scott Burleigh5. Delay and Disruption Tolerant Network Routing, Aloizio P. Silva, Scott Burleigh, and Katia Obraczka6. DTN Coding, Marius Feldmann, Felix Walter, Tomaso de Cola, and Gianluigi Liva.7. DTN for Spacecraft, Keith Scott.8. Delay-Tolerant Security, Edward Birrane.9. DTN of Things, Juan A. Fraire and Jorge M. Finochietto.10. DTN Congestion Control, Aloizio P. Silva, Scott Burleigh, and Katia Obraczka. 11. Licklider Transmission Protocol (LTP), Nicholas Ansell. 12. Delay-/Disruption- Tolerant Networking Performance Evaluation with DTNperf_3, Carlo Caini.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fourth edition of the text reflects the continuing increase in awareness and use of computational electromagnetics and incorporates advances and refinements made in recent years. Most notable among these are the improvements made to the standard algorithm for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and treatment of absorbing boundary conditions in FDTD, finite element, and transmission-line-matrix methods. It teaches the readers how to pose, numerically analyze, and solve EM problems, to give them the ability to expand their problem-solving skills using a variety of methods, and to prepare them for research in electromagnetism. Includes new homework problems in each chapter. Each chapter is updated with the current trends in CEM. Adds a new appendix on CEM codes, which covers commercial and free codes. Provides updated MATLAB code. Table of Contents1. Fundamental Concepts 2. Analytical Methods 3. Finite Difference Methods 4. Variational Methods 5. Moment Methods 6. Finite Element Method 7. Transmission-Line-Matrix Method 8. Monte Carlo Methods 9. Method of Lines

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe book addresses the need to investigate new approaches to lower energy requirement in multiple application areas and serves as a guide into emerging circuit technologies. It explores revolutionary device concepts, sensors, and associated circuits and architectures that will greatly extend the practical engineering limits of energy-efficient computation. The book responds to the need to develop disruptive new system architecutres, circuit microarchitectures, and attendant device and interconnect technology aimed at achieving the highest level of computational energy efficiency for general purpose computing systems.Features Discusses unique technologies and material only available in specialized journal and conferences Covers emerging applications areas, such as ultra low power communications, emerging bio-electronics, and operation in extreme environments Explores broad circuit operation, ex. analog, RF, memory, and digital circuits ContaiTable of Contents1. Clock Generation and Distribution for Low-Power Digital Systems. 2. Design of Low Standby Power Fully Integrated Voltage Regulators. 3. On-Chip Regulators for Low Voltage and Portable Systems-on-Chip. 4. Low-Power Biosensor Design Techniques Based on Information theoretic Principles. 5. A Cost-Effective TAF-DPS Syntonuzation Scheme of Improving Clock Frequency Accuracy and Long-Term Frequency Stability for Universal Applications. 6. Exploiting Time: The Intersection Point of Multidiciplines and the Nest Challenge and Opportunity in the Making of Electronics. 7. Aging Evaluation and Mitigation Techniques Targeting FPGA Devices.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is an accessible introduction to the theory of space-time wireless communications. The book is an ideal introduction to this rapidly growing field for graduate students and for practitioners in the wireless industry. Homework problems and other supporting material are available on a companion website.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Space-time propagation; 3. Space-time channel and signal models; 4. Capacity of space-time channels; 5. Spatial diversity; 6. Space-time coding without channel knowledge at the transmitter; 7. Space-time receivers; 8. Exploiting channel knowledge at the receiver; 9. Space-time OFDM and spread spectrum modulation; 10. MIMO-multiuser; 11. Space-time co-channel interference mitigation; 12. Performance limits and tradeoffs in MIMO channels.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBlending theoretical results with practical applications, this book provides an introduction to random matrix theory and shows how it can be used to tackle a variety of real-world problems in wireless communications. Intuitive yet rigorous, it demonstrates how to choose the correct approach for obtaining mathematically accurate results.Table of Contents1. Introduction; Part I. Theoretical Aspects: 2. Random matrices; 3. The Stieltjes transform method; 4. Free probability theory; 5. Combinatoric approaches; 6. Deterministic equivalents; 7. Spectrum analysis; 8. Eigen-inference; 9. Extreme eigenvalues; 10. Summary and partial conclusions; Part II. Applications to Wireless Communications: 11. Introduction to applications in telecommunications; 12. System performance of CDMA technologies; 13. Performance of multiple antenna systems; 14. Rate performance in multiple access and broadcast channels; 15. Performance of multi-cellular and relay networks; 16. Detection; 17. Estimation; 18. System modeling; 19. Perspectives; 20. Conclusion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn 1894, Heinrich Hertz died aged only thirty-seven. His legacy was the wireless transmission of radio waves: the foundation of modern radio technology. This revised treatise, published in 1900, explains his work from the very basics of radio waves to the cutting edge of wireless telegraphy.Table of Contents1. Royal Institution lecture on the work of Hertz and some of his successors; 2. Application of Hertz waves and coherer signalling to telegraphy; 3. Details of other telegraphic developments; 4. A history of the coherer principle; 5. Communications with respects to coherer phenomena on a large scale; 6. Photo-electric researches of Drs. Elster and Geitel; 7. Photo-electric researches of Professor Right; Electrical precipitation: a lecture delivered before the Institute of Physics.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn the 1860s, radio waves were predicted by James Clerk Maxwell in his work on electromagnetism. It took a further twenty years for the first experiments to produce a working demonstration. In this guide to radio technology, first published in 1925, eminent physicist Sir Oliver Lodge (1851â1940) provides a concise history of the development of the wireless radio, explains the theory behind it, and includes some practical tips for amateurs. Having lived through and contributed to the discovery, he explains the difficulty of the early experiments, which took place in a time when terms like 'frequency' and 'inductance', now taken for granted, did not exist in the scientific vocabulary. His first-hand account reveals the incredible efforts poured into the development of a revolutionary modern technology, rekindling the sense of wonder that once surrounded this strange new science.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; Part I. Radio in General: 1. On broadcasting; 2. Early pioneering work in radio waves; 3. The discovery of the waves; 4. The development of radiotelegraphy; 5. Wireless achievement and anticipation; 6. Vast range of ether vibrations; 7. The transmission of wireless waves; 8. Wave peculiarities; 9. On the general theory of ether waves; 10. Earth transmission; 11. The Heaviside layer; Part II. Details that Make for Efficiency: 12. Some points about capacity and inductance; 13. Conditions for maximum inductance; 14. The importance of good contact; 15. Advantage of low resistance and stranded wire; 16. Some disadvantages of reaction; 17. Stray capacities and couplings; 18. The use of iron in transformers; 19. Contrasting methods of aerial excitation; 20. Phase difference in different kinds of coupling; 21. The grid as traffic regulator; Part III. Calculations for Amateur Constructors: 22. Comparison of the absolute magnitudes of capacity and inductance; 23. A plea for easy specification; 24. On self-induction and its maximum value; 25. Desiderata for inductance coil of receiver; 26. How to calculate the conductance of coils; 27. On the use of a simple formula for maximum inductance; 28. To estimate the capacity of an aerial; 29. Calculation of aerial capacity; 30. On the damping of vibrations by coils of wire; 31. The romance of wireless; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book explains how the performance of modern cellular wireless networks can be evaluated by measurements and simulations With the roll-out of LTE, high data throughput is promised to be available to cellular users. In case you have ever wondered how high this throughput really is, this book is the right read for you: At first, it presents results from experimental research and simulations of the physical layer of HSDPA, WiMAX, and LTE. Next, it explains in detail how measurements on such systems need to be performed in order to achieve reproducible and repeatable results. The book further addresses how wireless links can be evaluated by means of standard-compliant link-level simulation. The major challenge in this context is their complexity when investigating complete wireless cellular networks. Consequently, it is shown how system-level simulators with a higher abstraction level can be designed such that their results still match link-level simulations. Exemplarily, thTable of ContentsAbout the Authors xiii About the Contributors xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxiii List of Abbreviations xxv Part I CELLULAR WIRELESS STANDARDS Introduction 3 References 4 1 UMTS High-Speed Downlink Packet Access 5 1.1 Standardization and Current Deployment of HSDPA 5 1.2 HSDPA Principles 6 1.2.1 Network Architecture 7 1.2.2 Physical Layer 9 1.2.3 MAC Layer 13 1.2.4 Radio Resource Management 14 1.2.5 Quality of Service Management 16 1.3 MIMO Enhancements of HSDPA 17 1.3.1 Physical Layer Changes for MIMO 19 1.3.2 Precoding 21 1.3.3 MAC Layer Changes for MIMO 25 1.3.4 Simplifications of the Core Network 26 References 26 2 UMTS Long-Term Evolution 29 Contributed by Josep Colom Ikuno 2.1 LTE Overview 29 2.1.1 Requirements 29 2.2 Network Architecture 31 2.3 LTE Physical Layer 33 2.3.1 LTE Frame Structure 34 2.3.2 Reference and Synchronization Symbols 36 2.3.3 MIMO Transmission 37 2.3.4 Modulation and Layer Mapping 39 2.3.5 Channel Coding 41 2.3.6 Channel Adaptive Feedback 45 2.4 MAC Layer 46 2.4.1 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request 46 2.4.2 Scheduling 47 2.5 Physical, Transport, and Logical Channels 48 References 51 Part II TESTBEDS FOR MEASUREMENTS Introduction 57 Reference 58 3 On Building Testbeds 59 3.1 Basic Idea 60 3.2 Transmitter 61 3.3 Receiver 63 3.4 Synchronization 65 3.5 Possible Pitfalls 67 3.5.1 Digital Baseband Hardware 67 3.5.2 Tool and Component Selection 68 3.5.3 Analog RF Front Ends 69 3.5.4 Cost 70 3.5.5 Matlab® Code and Testbeds 70 3.6 Summary 71 References 72 4 Quasi-Real-Time Testbedding 75 4.1 Basic Idea 75 4.2 Problem Formulation 77 4.3 Employing the Basic Idea 78 4.4 Data Collection 80 4.4.1 More Sophisticated Sampling Techniques 81 4.4.2 Variance Reduction Techniques 84 4.4.3 Bias 85 4.4.4 Outliers 86 4.4.5 Parameter Estimation 87 4.5 Evaluating and Summarizing the Data 88 4.6 Statistical Inference 90 4.6.1 Inferring the Population Mean 90 4.6.2 Precision and Sample Size 91 4.6.3 Reproducibility and Repeatability 92 4.7 Measurement Automation 95 4.8 Dealing with Feedback and Retransmissions 96 References 97 Part III EXPERIMENTAL LINK-LEVEL EVALUATION Introduction 101 5 HSDPA Performance Measurements 103 5.1 Mathematical Model of the Physical Layer 104 5.1.1 System Model for the Channel Estimation 106 5.1.2 System Model for the Equalizer Calculation 106 5.2 Receiver 107 5.2.1 Channel Estimation 107 5.2.2 Equalizer 112 5.2.3 Further Receiver Processing 113 5.3 Quantized Precoding 113 5.4 CQI and PCI Calculation 115 5.4.1 HS-PDSCH Interference 115 5.4.2 Pilot Interference 116 5.4.3 Synchronization and Control Channel Interference 116 5.4.4 Post-equalization Noise and SINR 118 5.4.5 SINR to CQI Mapping 119 5.5 Achievable Mutual Information 121 5.6 Measurement Results 124 5.6.1 Alpine Scenario 125 5.6.2 Urban Scenario 128 5.6.3 Discussion of the Implementation Loss 130 5.7 Summary 131 References 132 6 HSDPA Antenna Selection Techniques 139 Contributed by Jos´e Antonio Garc´ıa-Naya 6.1 Existing Research 141 6.2 Receive Antenna Selection 142 6.2.1 Antenna Selection Based on System Throughput 143 6.2.2 Hardware Aspects of Antenna Selection 143 6.3 An Exemplary Measurement and its Results 144 6.3.1 Urban Scenario 144 6.3.2 Experimental Assessment of Antenna Selection in HSDPA 145 6.3.3 Measurement Results and Discussion 147 6.4 Summary 148 References 149 7 HSDPA Antenna Spacing Measurements 153 7.1 Problem Formulation 153 7.2 Existing Research 154 7.3 Experimental Setup 155 7.4 Measurement Methodology 157 7.4.1 Inferring the Mean Scenario Throughput 157 7.4.2 Issues Requiring Special Attention 158 7.5 Measurement Results and Discussion 160 7.5.1 Equal Polarization Versus Cross-Polarization 160 7.5.2 Channel Capacity 160 7.5.3 Channel Capacity Versus Mutual Information 162 7.5.4 Mutual Information Versus Achievable Mutual Information 162 7.5.5 Achievable Mutual Information Versus Throughput 163 7.5.6 Throughput 163 7.6 Different Transmit Power Levels and Scenarios 163 References 164 8 Throughput Performance Comparisons 167 8.1 Introduction 167 8.2 Cellular Systems Investigated: WiMAX and HSDPA 168 8.2.1 WiMAX and HSDPA 168 8.2.2 Throughput Bounds and System Losses 169 8.3 Measurement Methodology and Setup 172 8.4 Measurement Results 173 8.4.1 WiMAX Results 173 8.4.2 HSDPA Results in Standard-Compliant Setting 177 8.4.3 HSDPA Results in Advanced Setting 179 8.5 Summary 179 References 182 9 Frequency Synchronization in LTE 183 Contributed by Qi Wang 9.1 Mathematical Model 184 9.2 Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in LTE 186 9.2.1 Standardized Training Symbols in LTE 186 9.2.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimators 188 9.3 Performance Evaluation 191 9.3.1 Estimation Performance 192 9.3.2 Post-FFT SINR 194 9.3.3 Post-equalization SINR and Throughput 195 References 199 10 LTE Performance Evaluation 201 Contributed by Stefan Schwarz 10.1 Mathematical Model of the Physical Layer 202 10.2 Receiver 203 10.2.1 Channel Estimation 204 10.2.2 Data Detection 205 10.2.3 Further Receiver Processing 206 10.3 Physical Layer Modeling 206 10.3.1 Post-equalization SINR 207 10.3.2 SINR Averaging 207 10.4 User Equipment Feedback Calculation 208 10.4.1 User Equipment Feedback Indicators 208 10.4.2 Calculation of the CQI, PMI, and RI 210 10.5 Practical Throughput Bounds 216 10.5.1 Channel Capacity 216 10.5.2 Open-Loop Mutual Information 217 10.5.3 Closed-Loop Mutual Information 218 10.5.4 BICM Bounds 219 10.5.5 Achievable Throughput Bounds 222 10.5.6 Prediction of the Optimal Performance 223 10.6 Simulation Results 224 10.6.1 SISO Transmission 225 10.6.2 OLSM Transmission 227 10.6.3 CLSM Transmission 229 References 230 Part IV SIMULATORS FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS Introduction 237 References 240 11 LTE Link- and System-Level Simulation 243 Contributed by Josep Colom Ikuno 11.1 The Vienna LTE Link Level Simulator 245 11.1.1 Structure of the Simulator 245 11.1.2 Complexity 247 11.2 The Vienna LTE System Level Simulator 250 11.2.1 Structure of the Simulator 250 11.2.2 Simulator Implementation 252 11.2.3 Complexity 253 11.3 Validation of the Simulators 255 11.3.1 3GPP Minimum Performance Requirements 257 11.3.2 Link- and System-Level Cross-Comparison 257 11.4 Exemplary Results 259 11.4.1 Link-Level Throughput 259 11.4.2 LTE Scheduling 262 References 265 12 System-Level Modeling for MIMO-Enhanced HSDPA 271 12.1 Concept of System-Level Modeling 271 12.2 Computationally Efficient Link-Measurement Model 273 12.2.1 Receive Filter 274 12.2.2 WCDMA MIMO in the Network Context 276 12.2.3 Equivalent Fading Parameters Description 278 12.2.4 Generation of the Equivalent Fading Parameters 284 12.2.5 Influence of Non-Data Channels 286 12.2.6 Resulting SINR Description 287 12.3 Link-Performance Model 288 12.3.1 Link-Performance Model Concept 289 12.3.2 Training and Validation of the Model 293 References 296 Part V SIMULATION-BASED EVALUATION FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS Introduction 301 13 Optimization of MIMO-Enhanced HSDPA 303 13.1 Network Performance Prediction 303 13.1.1 Simulation Setup 303 13.1.2 Single Network Scenario Investigation 304 13.1.3 Average Network Performance 306 13.2 RLC-Based Stream Number Decision 310 13.2.1 UE Decision 310 13.2.2 RLC Decision 311 13.2.3 System-Level Simulation Results 311 13.3 Content-Aware Scheduling 313 13.3.1 Video Packet Prioritization in HSDPA 313 13.3.2 Content-Aware Scheduler 314 13.3.3 Simulation Results 315 13.4 CPICH Power Optimization 316 13.4.1 System-Level Modeling of the CPICH Influence 317 13.4.2 CPICH Optimization in the Cellular Context 318 References 321 14 Optimal Multi-User MMSE Equalizer 325 14.1 System Model 326 14.2 Intra-Cell Interference Aware MMSE Equalization 330 14.2.1 Interference Suppression Capability 332 14.3 The Cell Precoding State 334 14.3.1 Training-Sequence-Based Precoding State Estimation 336 14.3.2 Blind Precoding State Estimation 337 14.3.3 Estimator Performance 339 14.4 Performance Evaluation 340 14.4.1 Physical-Layer Simulation Results 340 14.4.2 System-Level Simulation Results 341 References 343 15 LTE Advanced Versus LTE 347 Contributed by Stefan Schwarz 15.1 IMT-Advanced and 3GPP Performance Targets 348 15.2 Radio Interface Enhancements 349 15.2.1 Bandwidth Extension 349 15.2.2 Enhanced MIMO 350 15.2.3 Uplink Improvements 351 15.2.4 Beyond Release 10 352 15.3 MIMO in LTE Advanced 354 15.3.1 Codebook-Based Precoding 354 15.3.2 Non-Codebook-Based Precoding 356 15.4 Physical-Layer Throughput Simulation Results 359 15.4.1 Eight-Antenna Transmission 359 15.4.2 Comparison between LTE and LTE Advanced 363 15.4.3 Comparison of SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO 363 References 366 Index 369

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides an insight into the ''hot'' field of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems In this book, the authors provide an insight into the field of RFID systems with an emphasis on networking aspects and research challenges related to passive Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID systems. The book reviews various algorithms, protocols and design solutions that have been developed within the area, including most recent advances. In addition, authors cover a wide range of recognized problems in RFID industry, striking a balance between theoretical and practical coverage. Limitations of the technology and state-of-the-art solutions are identified and new research opportunities are addressed. Finally, the book is authored by experts and respected researchers in the field and every chapter is peer reviewed. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive analysis of networking aspects of RFID systems, including tag identification protocols aTable of ContentsAbout the Editors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Part I COMPONENTS OF RFID SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE METRICS. 1 Performance of Passive UHF RFID Systems in Practice (Miodrag Bolic, Akshay Athalye, and Tzu Hao Li). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Ideal RFID System. 1.3 Practical RFID Systems. 1.4 Overview of the Book. 1.5 Conclusion. References. 2 Performance Metrics and Operational Parameters of RFID Systems (Raj Bridelall and Abhiman Hande). 2.1 Overview. 2.2 Key Operational Parameters. 2.3 Classification of Commercially Available Products. 2.4 Conclusion. Problems. References. 3 UHF RFID Antennas (Daniel Deavours). 3.1 Dipoles and Relatives. 3.2 T-Match and Relatives. 3.3 Putting it Together: Building an RFID Tag. 3.4 The Environment. 3.5 Conclusions, Trends, and Challenges. References. 4 RFID Tag Chip Design (Na Yan, Wenyi Che, Yuqing Yang, and Qiang Li). 4.1 Tag Architecture Systems. 4.2 Memory in Standard CMOS Processes. 4.3 Baseband of RFID Tag. 4.4 RFID Tag Performance Optimization. 4.5 Conclusion. Problems. References. 5 Design of Passive Tag RFID Readers (Scott Chiu). 5.1 Overview. 5.2 Basics of Passive RFID Operation. 5.3 Passive RFID Reader Designs. 5.4 Advanced Topics on RFID Reader Design. 5.5 Conclusion. Problems. References. 6 RFID Middleware: Concepts and Architecture (Nathalie Mitton, Loïc Schmidt, and David Simplot-Ryl). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Overview of an RFID Middleware Architecture. 6.3 Readers Management. 6.4 Data Management and Application-Level Events. 6.5 Store and Share Data. 6.6 Example. 6.7 Conclusion. Problems. References. Part II TAG IDENTIFICATION PROTOCOLS. 7 Aloha-Based Protocols (Kwan-Wu Chin and Dheeraj Klair). 7.1 Pure Aloha. 7.2 Slotted Aloha. 7.3 Framed Slotted Aloha. 7.4 Conclusion. Problems. References. 8 Tree-Based Anti-Collision Protocols for RFID Tags (Petar Popovski). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Principles of Tree-Based Anti-Collision Protocols. 8.3 Tree Protocols in the Existing RFID Specifications. 8.4 Practical Issues and Transmission Errors. 8.5 Cooperative Readers and Generalized Arbitration Spaces. 8.6 Conclusion. Problems. References. 9 A Comparison of TTF and RTF UHF RFID Protocols (Alwyn Hoffman, Johann Holm, and Henri-Jean Marais). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Requirements for RFID Protocols. 9.3 Different Approaches Used in UHF Protocols. 9.4 Description of Stochastic TTF Protocols. 9.5 Comparison between ISO18000-6C and TTF Protocols. 9.6 Conclusion. Problems. References. Part III READER INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKING. 10 Integrating RFID Readers in Enterprise IT (Christian Floerkemeier and Sanjay Sarma). 10.1 Related Work. 10.2 RFID System Services. 10.3 Reader Capabilities. 10.4 RFID System Architecture Taxonomy. 10.5 EPCglobal Standards. 10.6 Adoption of High-Level Reader Protocols. 10.7 Potential Future Standardization Activities. 10.8 Conclusion. Problems. References. 11 Reducing Interference in RFID Reader Networks (Sung Won Kim and Gyanendra Prasad Joshi). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Interference Problem in RFID Reader Networks. 11.3 Access Mechanism, Regulations, Standards and Algorithms. 11.4 Comparison. 11.5 Conclusion. Problems. References. 12 Optimal Tag Coverage and Tag Report Elimination (Bogdan Carbunar, Murali Krishna Ramanathan, Mehmet Koyuturk, Suresh Jagannathan, and Ananth Grama). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Overview of RFID Systems. 12.3 Tree Walking: An Algorithm for Detecting Tags in the Presence of Collisions. 12.4 Reader Collision Avoidance. 12.5 Coverage Redundancy in RFID Systems: Comparison with Sensor Networks. 12.6 Network Model. 12.7 Optimal Tag Coverage and Tag Reporting. 12.8 Redundant Reader Elimination Algorithms: A Centralized Heuristic. 12.9 RRE: A Distributed Solution. 12.10 Adapting to Topological Changes. 12.11 The Layered Elimination Optimization (LEO). 12.12 Related Work. 12.13 Conclusion. Problems. References. 13 Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Mobile RFID Networks: Challenges and Opportunities (Hongyi Wu and Zhipeng Yang). 13.1 Motivation. 13.2 Overview of FINDERS. 13.3 General Feasibility Study. 13.4 Unique Challenges and Tactics. 13.5 Related Work. 13.6 Conclusion. Problems. References. Part IV ADDRESSING OTHER CHALLENGES IN RFID SYSTEMS. 14 Improving Read Ranges and Read Rates for Passive RFID Systems (Zhiguang Fan, Fazhong Shen, Jianhua Shen, and Lixin Ran). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Signal Descriptions and Formulations for Passive Backscatter RFID Systems. 14.3 Improving the Read Range of a Passive RFID System. 14.4 Improving the Read Rate of a Passive RFID System. 14.5 Two Design Examples for RFID System. 14.6 Conclusion. Problems. References. 15 Principles and Techniques of RFID Positioning (Yimin Zhang, Xin Li, and Moeness Amin). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Tag Range Estimation Techniques. 15.3 DOA Estimation Techniques. 15.4 RFID Positioning Techniques. 15.5 Improving Positioning Accuracy. 15.6 Conclusion. Problems. References. 16 Towards Secure and Privacy-Enhanced RFID Systems (Heiko Knospe and Kerstin Lemke-Rust). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Security and Privacy. 16.3 Classification of RFID Systems. 16.4 Attacks on RFID Systems and Appropriate Countermeasures. 16.5 Lightweight Cryptography for RFID. 16.6 Conclusion. Problems. References. 17 Cryptographic Approaches for Improving Security and Privacy Issues of RFID Systems (Miyako Ohkubo, Koutarou Suzuki, and Shingo Kinoshita). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Threats against the RFID System. 17.3 Required Properties. 17.4 Cryptographic Protocols for Identification with Privacy. 17.5 Cryptographic Protocols for Authentication without Privacy. 17.6 Cryptographic Protocols for Privacy and Other Requirements. 17.7 Implementation. 17.8 Real Systems and Attacks. 17.9 Conclusion. Problems. References. 18 Novel RFID Technologies: Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Autonomous RFID Systems (Raj Bridelall and Abhiman Hande). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Novel Low Power Architectures. 18.3 Energy Harvesting Optimized for RFID. 18.4 Future Trends in Energy Harvesting. 18.5 Conclusion. Problems. References. 19 Simulators and Emulators for Different Abstraction Layers of UHF RFID Systems (Christian Steger, Alex Janek, Reinhold Weiß, Vojtech Derbek, Manfred Jantscher, Josef Preishuber-Pfluegl, and Markus Pistauer). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 The Simulation/Emulation Platforms. 19.3 UHF RFID Simulation Platform. 19.4 Real-Time HIL-Verification and Emulation Platform. 19.5 Higher Class Tag Architecture Based on Energy Harvesting. 19.6 Conclusion. Problems. References. Index.

Read more less

Book Synopsis3G, HSPA and FDD versus TDD Networking, Second Edition is the only book that contrasts the network capacity gains that may be achieved with the advent of adaptive antenna arrays and HSDPA-style adaptive modulation techniques in the context of FDD and TDD CDMA cellular networks.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xv Other Wiley and IEEE Press Books on Related Topics xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxxi 1 Third-generation CDMA Systems 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Basic CDMA System 2 1.2.1 Spread Spectrum Fundamentals 2 1.2.2 The Effect of Multipath Channels 6 1.2.3 Rake Receiver 9 1.2.4 Multiple Access 13 1.2.5 Spreading Codes 19 1.2.6 Channel Estimation 22 1.2.7 Summary 26 1.3 Third-generation Systems 26 1.3.1 Introduction 26 1.3.2 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) 29 1.3.3 The cdma2000 Terrestrial Radio Access 68 1.3.4 Performance-enhancement Features 82 1.3.5 Summary of 3G Systems 84 1.4 Summary and Conclusions 85 2 High Speed Downlink and Uplink Packet Access 87 2.1 Introduction 87 2.2 High Speed Downlink Packet Access 88 2.2.1 Physical Layer 92 2.2.2 Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer 98 2.3 High Speed Uplink Packet Access 99 2.3.1 Physical Layer 102 2.3.2 MAC Layer 108 2.4 Implementation Issues 112 2.4.1 HS-SCCH Detection Algorithm 112 2.4.2 16QAM 115 2.4.3 HARQ Result Processing Time 116 2.4.4 Crest Factor 117 3 HSDPA-style Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Wireless Transceivers 119 3.1 Motivation 119 3.2 Narrowband Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Modulation 120 3.3 Wideband Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Modulation 123 3.3.1 Channel Quality Metrics 123 3.4 Wideband BbB-AQAM Video Transceivers 126 3.5 BbB-AQAM Performance 129 3.6 Wideband BbB-AQAM Video Performance 131 3.6.1 AQAM Switching Thresholds 133 3.6.2 Turbo-coded AQAM Videophone Performance 135 3.7 Burst-by-Burst Adaptive Joint-Detection CDMA Video Transceiver 136 3.7.1 Multi-user Detection for CDMA 136 3.7.2 JD-ACDMA Modem Mode Adaptation and Signalling 138 3.7.3 The JD-ACDMA Video Transceiver 139 3.7.4 JD-ACDMA Video Transceiver Performance 141 3.8 Subband-adaptive OFDM Video Transceivers 145 3.9 Summary and Conclusions 150 4 Intelligent Antenna Arrays and Beamforming 151 4.1 Introduction 151 4.2 Beamforming 152 4.2.1 Antenna Array Parameters 152 4.2.2 Potential Benefits of Antenna Arrays in Mobile Communications 153 4.2.3 Signal Model 162 4.2.4 A Beamforming Example 165 4.2.5 Analog Beamforming 166 4.2.6 Digital Beamforming 167 4.2.7 Element-space Beamforming 167 4.2.8 Beam-space Beamforming 168 4.3 Adaptive Beamforming 169 4.3.1 Fixed Beams 170 4.3.2 Temporal Reference Techniques 171 4.3.3 Spatial Reference Techniques 184 4.3.4 Blind Adaptation 187 4.3.5 Adaptive Arrays in the Downlink 189 4.3.6 Adaptive Beamforming Performance Results 191 4.4 Summary and Conclusions 213 5 Adaptive Arrays in an FDMA/TDMA Cellular Network 215 5.1 Introduction 215 5.2 Modelling Adaptive Antenna Arrays 216 5.2.1 Algebraic Manipulation with Optimal Beamforming 216 5.2.2 Using Probability Density Functions 218 5.2.3 Sample Matrix Inversion Beamforming 219 5.3 Channel Allocation Techniques 220 5.3.1 Overview of Channel Allocation 221 5.3.2 Simulation of the Channel Allocation Algorithms 232 5.3.3 Overview of Channel Allocation Algorithms 236 5.3.4 DCA Performance without Adaptive Arrays 241 5.4 Employing Adaptive Antenna Arrays 242 5.5 Multipath Propagation Environments 245 5.6 Network Performance Results 251 5.6.1 System Simulation Parameters 252 5.6.2 Non-wraparound Network Performance Results 261 5.6.3 Wrap-around Network Performance Results 292 5.7 Summary and Conclusions 315 6 HSDPA-style FDD Networking, Adaptive Arrays and Adaptive Modulation 317 6.1 Introduction 317 6.2 Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access 318 6.3 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access 320 6.3.1 Spreading and Modulation 321 6.3.2 Common Pilot Channel 325 6.3.3 Power Control 326 6.3.4 Soft Handover 328 6.3.5 Signal-to-interference plus Noise Ratio Calculations 329 6.3.6 Multi-user Detection 331 6.4 Simulation Results 332 6.4.1 Simulation Parameters 332 6.4.2 The Effect of Pilot Power on Soft Handover Results 336 6.4.3 Ec/Io Power Based Soft Handover Results 351 6.4.4 Overview of Results 363 6.4.5 Performance of Adaptive Antenna Arrays in a High Data Rate Pedestrian Environment 365 6.4.6 Performance of Adaptive Antenna Arrays and Adaptive Modulation in a High Data Rate Pedestrian Environment 373 6.5 Summary and Conclusions 380 7 HSDPA-style FDD/CDMA Performance Using Loosely Synchronized Spreading Codes 383 7.1 Effects of Loosely Synchronized Spreading Codes on the Performance of CDMA Systems 383 7.1.1 Introduction 383 7.1.2 Loosely Synchronized Codes 384 7.1.3 System Parameters 386 7.1.4 Simulation Results 388 7.1.5 Summary 391 7.2 Effects of Cell Size on the UTRA Performance 392 7.2.1 Introduction 392 7.2.2 System Model and System Parameters 393 7.2.3 Simulation Results and Comparisons 395 7.2.4 Summary and Conclusion 400 7.3 Effects of SINR Threshold on the Performance of CDMA Systems 401 7.3.1 Introduction 401 7.3.2 Simulation Results 402 7.3.3 Summary and Conclusion 406 7.4 Network-layer Performance of Multi-carrier CDMA 407 7.4.1 Introduction 407 7.4.2 Simulation Results 413 7.4.3 Summary and Conclusions 419 8 HSDPA-style TDD/CDMA Network Performance 421 8.1 Introduction 421 8.2 UMTS FDD versus TDD Terrestrial Radio Access 422 8.2.1 FDD versus TDD Spectrum Allocation of UTRA 422 8.2.2 Physical Channels 423 8.3 UTRATDD/CDMA System 424 8.3.1 The TDD Physical Layer 425 8.3.2 Common Physical Channels of the TDD Mode 425 8.3.3 Power Control 426 8.3.4 Time Advance 428 8.4 Interference Scenario in TDD CDMA 428 8.4.1 Mobile-to-Mobile Interference 429 8.4.2 Base Station-to-Base Station Interference 429 8.5 Simulation Results 430 8.5.1 Simulation Parameters 431 8.5.2 Performance of Adaptive Antenna Array Aided TDD CDMA Systems 433 8.5.3 Performance of Adaptive Antenna Array and Adaptive Modulation Aided TDD HSDPA-style Systems 438 8.6 Loosely Synchronized Spreading Code Aided Network Performance Of UTRA-like TDD/CDMA Systems 442 8.6.1 Introduction 442 8.6.2 LS Codes in UTRA TDD/CDMA 444 8.6.3 System Parameters 445 8.6.4 Simulation Results 446 8.6.5 Summary and Conclusions 449 9 The Effects of Power Control and Hard Handovers on the UTRA TDD/CDMA System 451 9.1 A Historical Perspective on Handovers 451 9.2 Hard HO in UTRA-like TDD/CDMA Systems 452 9.2.1 Relative Pilot Power-based Hard HO 453 9.2.2 Simulation Results 454 9.3 Power Control in UTRA-like TDD/CDMA Systems 464 9.3.1 UTRATDD Downlink Closed-loop Power Control 464 9.3.2 UTRA TDD Uplink Closed-loop Power Control 466 9.3.3 Closed-loop Power Control Simulation Results 466 9.3.4 UTRA TDDUL Open-loop Power Control 475 9.3.5 Frame-delay-based Power Adjustment Model 476 9.4 Summary and Conclusion 486 10 Genetically Enhanced UTRA/TDD Network Performance 489 10.1 Introduction 489 10.2 The Genetically Enhanced UTRA-like TDD/CDMA System 490 10.3 Simulation Results 494 10.4 Summary and Conclusion 499 11 Conclusions and Further Research 501 11.1 Summary of FDD Networking 501 11.2 Summary of FDD versus TDD Networking 506 11.3 Further Research 511 11.3.1 Advanced Objective Functions 513 11.3.2 Other Types of GAs 513 Glossary 515 Bibliography 521 Subject Index 547 Author Index 553

Read more less

Book SynopsisAnalyses mobile communication in the context of Korean smartphones. This book looks into a largely neglected focus of inquiry, a localized mobile landscape, with particular reference to young Koreans' engagement with their devices and applications. Dal Yong Jin focuses on the achievement of technological advancement and the significance of social milieu in the development of the smartphones.Trade ReviewSmartland Korea is an empirically rich study that is multi-perspectival in incorporating industry and technology studies, policy analysis, audience/user research, and case studies. As the Korean case is under-explored in the English-language communication and media studies literature relative to its global significance, this is an important contribution to the overall literature in the field."" - Terry Flew, Queensland University of Technology

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs the Internet becomes larger and larger, and consequently more difficult to control and to manage, telecommunication operators, manufacturers and companies require tools to perform management and control tasks. A large number of tools coming from different areas have been proposed, but these are not sufficient to handle an evolving and dynamic environment. This book presents and explains all the techniques which integrate a certain level of intelligence (through intelligent software agents for example) in order to represent knowledge, take appropriate decisions, communicate with other entities and achieve a self-managing network.Table of ContentsIntroduction xv Chapter 1. Artificial Intelligence and Monitoring of Telecommunications Networks1 Hassine MOUNGLA 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Network management goals 2 1.3. Monitoring needs of telecommunications networks 3 1.4. The telecommunications management network (TMN) 6 1.4.1. TMN management functions 6 1.4.2. TMN architecture 7 1.5. Control in telecommunications networks 7 1.6. Some AI techniques for monitoring telecommunications networks 9 1.6.1. Chronos: an expert system generator for monitoring telecommunications networks 9 1.6.2. Monitoring with model-based techniques 11 1.6.3. Agent technology 12 1.6.4. Example of agent-based telecommunications network monitoring architecture 14 1.6.5. Telecommunications network management with mobile agents 15 1.7. Conclusion 18 1.8. Bibliography 18 Chapter 2. Adaptive and Programmable Management of IP Quality of Service 23 Miguel CASTRO, Dominique GAÏTI, Abdallah M’HAMED and Djamal ZEGHLACHE 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. Open and programmable network technology 24 2.3. Active and programmable QoS management over IP 25 2.3.1. Programmable modules 28 2.4. Architecture for adaptive and programmable management 31 2.4.1. Legacy mechanisms 33 2.4.2. MMB 33 2.4.3. MAPI 34 2.4.4. Management kernel 34 2.4.5. Core control 34 2.4.6. Hardware 35 2.5. CLAM: a new language for adaptive and programmable management 35 2.6. Related studies 36 2.6.1. Behavioral networks 36 2.6.2. Smart packets 36 2.6.3. SENCOMM 37 2.6.4. General evaluation 38 2.7. Case studies 39 2.7.1. Case study 1: web service optimization 39 2.7.2. Case study 2: maximization of a given objective function 45 2.7.3. Case study 3: adaptive control of equity 49 2.8. Conclusion and perspectives 57 2.9. Bibliography 58 Chapter 3. Software Agents for IP Management 61 Anneli LENICA 3.1. Introduction 61 3.2. IP networks and their management 62 3.2.1. IP networks 62 3.2.2. IP network evolution and associated problems 63 3.2.3. IP network management 65 3.3. The multi-agent paradigm 66 3.3.1. What is an agent? 66 3.3.2. When should MAS be used? 68 3.4. MAS for IP network management 71 3.4.1. MAS for specific network problems 71 3.4.2. Existing applications 72 3.5. Perspectives and conclusion 78 3.6. Bibliography 79 Chapter 4. The Use of Agents in Policy-based Management 83 Francine KRIEF 4.1. Introduction 83 4.2. Policy-based management 85 4.2.1. The policies 85 4.2.2. Information model 86 4.2.3. Architecture 87 4.2.4. COPS protocol 88 4.2.5. Advantages and challenges 89 4.2.6. The agents and their advantage in network management 90 4.3. Provisioning and service control 91 4.3.1. Dynamic QoS provisioning in wired networks 92 4.3.2. Dynamic QoS provisioning in wireless networks 95 4.3.3. Prediction layer 95 4.3.4. Adaptation layer 96 4.3.5. Monitoring layer 96 4.3.6. Mobile agents for policy-based QoS provisioning 97 4.3.7. Dynamic service provisioning for mobile users 98 4.3.8. Intelligent agents for dynamic security control 99 4.4. Agents and service contract negotiation 100 4.4.1. Service contract 100 4.4.2. An intelligent negotiation interface 101 4.4.3. Client-provider dynamic negotiation 104 4.4.4. Dynamic negotiation between providers 105 4.4.5. Dynamic services negotiation for mobile users 107 4.5. Management of emerging services 107 4.5.1. Emerging services 108 4.5.2. Dynamic management of emerging services 109 4.5.3. Dynamic management of group multimedia services 110 4.6. Conclusion 111 4.7. Bibliography 112 Chapter 5. Multi-agent Platforms 117 Zeina EL FERKH JRAD 5.1. Introduction 117 5.2. Towards a standardization of multi-agent technology 118 5.2.1. FIPA model 118 5.2.2. KAOS model 121 5.2.3. General Magic model 122 5.3. Characteristics of a multi-agent platform 122 5.3.1. Methodological requirements for a multi-agent simulation platform 123 5.3.2. Other forms of requirements for an agent platform 124 5.4. Multi-agent platform evaluation 125 5.5. Examples of MAS platforms 127 5.5.1. Platforms for simulation 127 5.5.2. Implementation platforms 131 5.5.3. Mobility platforms 138 5.6. Conclusion 139 5.7. Bibliography 140 Chapter 6. Behavioral Modeling and Multi-agent Simulation 143 Leila MERGHEM-BOULAHIA 6.1. Introduction 143 6.2. Traditional network modeling and simulation approaches 144 6.2.1. Queuing theory 145 6.2.2. Modeling by Petri nets 145 6.2.3. Modeling by process algebra 145 6.2.4. Limits 146 6.3. Multi-agent modeling and simulation 147 6.3.1. Multi-agent simulation steps 147 6.3.2. Contributions 148 6.4. Behavioral modeling 149 6.4.1. Principle 149 6.4.2. Contributions 150 6.5. Two-level behavioral model of a network node 151 6.5.1. Introduction 151 6.5.2. Role of the two behavioral levels 153 6.5.3. Agents 154 6.5.4. Model of two behavioral levels. 154 6.5.5. Ensuring adaptability 156 6.6. Perspectives and conclusion 158 6.7. Bibliography 159 Chapter 7. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: An Example in Telecommunications Networks 163 Leila MERGHEM-BOULAHIA 7.1. Introduction 163 7.2. Basic behaviors adapted to networks 164 7.2.1. Queue management basic behaviors 164 7.2.2. Scheduling basic behaviors 167 7.2.3. Routing basic behaviors 168 7.3. Metabehaviors 169 7.3.1. Queue management metabehavior 169 7.3.2. Scheduling metabehavior 170 7.3.3. Routing metabehavior 171 7.4. Simulation components and parameters 171 7.4.1. Objects 171 7.4.2. Agents 172 7.4.3. Parameters 173 7.5. A few results 174 7.5.1. Impact of queue management basic behaviors 174 7.5.2. Impact of scheduling basic behaviors 176 7.5.3. Impact of queue management metabehavior rules 178 7.5.4. Impact of scheduling metabehavior rules 179 7.6. Discussion 179 7.7. Conclusion and perspectives 181 7.8. Bibliography 182 Chapter 8. Multi-agent System in a DiffServ Network: Behavioral Models and Platform 185 Nada MESKAOUI 8.1. Introduction 185 8.2. Quality of service – existing solutions and their problems 186 8.2.1. RTP/RTCP 186 8.2.2. IntServ/RSVP 187 8.2.3. DiffServ 187 8.3. Agents, multi-agent systems and architectures 188 8.3.1. Agents 188 8.3.2. MAS 190 8.4. Towards intelligent and cooperative telecommunications networks 191 8.4.1. Node structure 192 8.4.2. Agent components 193 8.4.3. Agent behavioral model 194 8.5. Simulation – platform, topology and results 200 8.5.1. Platform 200 8.5.2. Topology and configuration 201 8.5.3. Simulation results 203 8.6. Conclusion 209 8.7. Bibliography 209 Chapter 9. Intelligent Agent Control Simulation in a Telecommunications Network 213 Hugues LECARPENTIER 9.1. Introduction 213 9.2. Network management and control by intelligent software agents 215 9.2.1. Agent-based admission control 215 9.2.2. Project Tele-MACS 215 9.2.3. Project Hybrid 215 9.2.4. Route selection by mobile agents 216 9.2.5. Cooperative mobile agents for network mapping 216 9.2.6. Project MAGNA 216 9.3. Simulating the behavior of intelligent agents in a communication network 217 9.3.1. Simulation of behavioral quality of service network control 217 9.3.2. Intelligent control simulation of a DiffServ network 217 9.3.3. Comparison and choice of a platform 218 9.4. Detailed simulator presentation 218 9.4.1. Structure of an INET node 219 9.5. Software agent architecture 224 9.5.1. Events monitor 226 9.5.2. Cleaner 227 9.5.3. Message interface 227 9.5.4. Task interface 229 9.5.5. Manager 229 9.6. Illustration 229 9.6.1. Quality of service control for voice over IP 229 9.6.2. Presentation of agents and routers used 230 9.7. Conclusion 231 9.8. Bibliography 231 Chapter 10. Agents and 3rd and 4th Mobile Generations 233 Badr BENMAMMAR 10.1. Introduction 233 10.2. Agent technology 234 10.2.1. Definition of an agent 234 10.3. Introduction to UMTS 238 10.3.1. VHE 239 10.3.2. Application of agents in UMTS 241 10.4. Introduction to WLAN 253 10.4.1. Application of agents in wireless networks 254 10.4.2. Problems related to the application of MAS in wireless environments 256 10.5. 4th generation mobile network 256 10.5.1. Definition of 4th generation 256 10.5.2. User expectations for mobile 4G networks 257 10.5.3. Technical conditions to achieve 4th mobile generation 258 10.5.4. Application of agents in 4G mobile networks 258 10.6. Conclusion 263 10.7. Bibliography 264 Chapter 11. Learning Techniques in a Mobile Network 267 Sidi-Mohammed SENOUCI 11.1. Introduction 267 11.2. Learning 269 11.2.1. Unsupervised learning 269 11.2.2. Supervised learning 269 11.2.3. Reinforcement learning 270 11.3. Call admission control 275 11.3.1. Problem formulation 275 11.3.2. Implementation of algorithm 276 11.3.3. Experimental results 278 11.4. Dynamic resource allocation 280 11.4.1. Problem formulation 281 11.4.2. Algorithm implementation 282 11.4.3. Experimental results 283 11.5. Conclusion 284 11.6. Bibliography 286 Chapter 12. An Experimental Example of Active Networks: The Amarrage Project 289 Nadjib ACHIR, Yacine GHAMRI-DOUDANE and Mauro FONSECA 12.1. Introduction 289 12.2. Description of the Amarrage project 291 12.2.1. Objectives 291 12.2.2. Contributions 292 12.3. Active networks: active architecture example for the control and management of DiffServ networks 296 12.3.1. DiffServ 298 12.3.2. Policy-based control 300 12.3.3. Description of architecture components 302 12.3.4. Capsule filtering at the level of data plan 305 12.3.5. Active router resource monitoring 305 12.3.6. Definition of QoS policies 306 12.3.7. Definition and deployment of TCB 307 12.3.8. Sensor deployment 309 12.3.9. Implementation of DACA architecture 310 12.3.10. Evaluation of DACA architecture behavior 312 12.4. Conclusion 315 12.5. Bibliography 315 List of Authors 317 Index 319

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe last decade has witnessed an unprecedented development and growth in global wireless communications systems, technologies and network “traffic” generated over network infrastructures. This book presents state-of-the-art energy-efficient techniques, designs and implementations that pertain to wireless communication networks such as cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless ad hoc networks (WAHNs) including mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as they are deployed across the world to facilitate “always on” reliable high-speed wireless access from anywhere, at anytime to accommodate the new paradigm of the “Internet of Things” (IoT). The pervasive and exponential growth of Wi-Fi and the impact of bandwidth-intensive applications on the energy consumption of Wi-Fi-enabled devices are discussed along with energy harvesting as an advantageous option to power WAHNs. The book aims to serve as a useful reference for researchers, students, regulatory authorities, and educators.Table of ContentsPREFACE ix CHAPTER 1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN CELLULAR NETWORKS 1 1.1. Overview of cellular communication networks 1 1.2. Metrics for measuring energy efficiency in cellular wireless communication systems 4 1.3. Energy efficiency in base stations 4 1.4. Energy-efficient cellular network design 10 1.5. Interference management and mitigation 11 1.6. Enabling technologies 12 1.6.1. Energy-efficient communication via cognitive radio 12 1.6.2. Using cooperative relays to support energy-efficient communication 13 1.6.2.1. Enabling energy-efficient communication via fixed relays 14 1.6.2.2. Communications in cellular networks via user cooperation 15 CHAPTER 2. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS 17 2.1. Overview of wireless ad hoc networks 17 2.2. Metrics for measuring energy efficiency in wireless ad hoc networks 18 2.3. Energy losses in wireless ad hoc networks 19 2.4. Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks 20 2.4.1. Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks 21 2.5. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) 32 2.5.1. Energy efficiency in mobile ad hoc networks 33 CHAPTER 3. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 37 3.1. Overview of wireless local area networks 37 3.2. Energy consumption metrics for WLANs 39 3.3. Energy efficiency in WLANs 40 3.3.1. Physical layer-based energy-efficient schemes 40 3.3.2. Medium access control (MAC) layer-based energy-efficient schemes 40 3.3.3. Cross-layer-based energy-efficient schemes 43 3.4. Energy efficiency strategies in IEEE 802.11n 46 CHAPTER 4. ENERGY HARVESTING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 49 4.1. Energy harvesting 49 4.1.1. The harvesting concept 53 4.1.1.1. Universal energy-harvesting model 54 4.2. Harvesting techniques 55 4.2.1. Mechanical energy sources 55 4.2.2. Thermal energy sources 57 4.2.3. Radiation energy sources 58 4.2.4. Comparison of harvesting sources 60 4.3. Energy harvesting storage devices 61 4.4. Power management for EH-WSN 62 4.4.1. Discussion on power management for energy harvesting systems 63 4.5. Conclusion 64 CHAPTER 5. FUTURE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 65 5.1. Energy efficiency in cellular networks 65 5.1.1. Low-energy spectrum sensing 66 5.1.2. Energy-aware medium access control and energy-efficient routing 66 5.1.3. Energy-efficient resource management in heterogeneous cellular networks 67 5.1.4. Cross-layer design and optimization 67 5.1.5. Energy considerations in practical deployments of cooperative and cognitive radio systems 68 5.2. Energy efficiency in ad hoc networks 69 5.2.1. Sampling techniques 69 5.2.2. MAC protocols 70 5.2.3. Routing 70 5.2.4. Mobility challenges 71 5.2.5. Cognitive radio technology applied in wireless ad hoc networks 71 5.3. Energy efficiency in WLAN 71 5.3.1. IEEE 802.11ac (gigabit Wi-Fi) 71 5.3.2. MIMO-based WLAN 72 5.3.3. Super Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.22) 72 5.4. Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks 73 5.4.1. Challenges for energy harvesting in harsh conditions 73 5.4.2. Radiation-based energy harvesters 74 5.4.3. Mechanical sources 74 5.4.4. Thermal sources 75 5.4.5. Medical energy harvesting for wireless sensor devices 75 5.5. Energy efficiency for wireless technologies for developing countries 76 BIBLIOGRAPHY 79 LIST OF ACRONYMS 97 INDEX 101

Read more less

Book SynopsisWe are currently witnessing an increase in telecommunications norms and standards given the recent advances in this field. The increasing number of normalized standards paves the way for an increase in the range of services available for each consumer. Moreover, the majority of available radio frequencies have already been allocated. This explains the emergence of cognitive radio (CR) – the sharing of the spectrum between a primary user and a secondary user. In this book, we will present the state of the art of the different techniques for spectrum access using cooperation and competition to solve the problem of spectrum allocation and ensure better management of radio resources in a radio cognitive context. The different aspects of research explored up until now on the applications of multi-agent systems (MAS) in the field of cognitive radio are analyzed in this book. The first chapter begins with an insight into wireless networks and mobiles, with special focus on the IEEE 802.22 norm, which is a norm dedicated to CR. Chapter 2 goes into detail about CR, which is a technical field at the boundary between telecommunications and Artificial Intelligence (AI). In Chapter 3, the concept of the “agent” from AI is expanded to MAS and associated applications. Finally, Chapter 4 establishes an overview of the use of AI techniques, in particular MAS, for its allocation of radio resources and dynamic access to the spectrum in CR. Contents 1. Wireless and Mobile Networks. 2. Cognitive Radio. 3. Multi-agent Systems. 4. Dynamic Spectrum Access. About the Authors Badr Benmammar has been Associate Professor at UABT (University Abou Bekr Belkaïd Tlemcen), Algeria since 2010 and was a research fellow at CNRS LaBRI Laboratory of the University of Bordeaux 1 until 2007. He is currently carrying out research at the Laboratory of Telecommunications of Tlemcen (LTT), UABT, Algeria. His main research activities concern the cognitive radio network, Quality of Service on mobile and wireless networks, end-to-end signaling protocols and agent technology. His work on Quality of Service has led to many publications in journals and conference proceedings. Asma Amraoui is currently a PhD candidate; she is preparing a doctoral thesis on a topic of research that explores the use of artificial intelligence techniques in cognitive radio networks. She is attached to the Laboratory of Telecommunications of Tlemcen (LTT) in Algeria.Table of ContentsACRONYMS ix INTRODUCTION xiii CHAPTER 1. WIRELESS AND MOBILE NETWORKS 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Wireless networks 2 1.2.1. Definition 2 1.2.2. Function of a wireless network 3 1.2.2.1. Network with infrastructure 3 1.2.2.2. Network without infrastructure 4 1.2.3. Types of wireless networks 5 1.2.3.1. Wireless personal area network 6 1.2.3.2. Wireless local area network 6 1.2.3.3. Wireless metropolitan area network 6 1.2.3.4. Wireless wide area network 6 1.2.3.5. Wireless regional area network 6 1.2.4. Different types of existing wireless networks 7 1.2.4.1. Networks using infrared waves 7 1.2.4.2. Networks using radio waves 7 1.2.5. IEEE 802.22 standard 12 1.3. Mobile networks 12 1.3.1. Wireless and mobility 12 1.3.2. Mobility 13 1.3.3. Cellular architecture 13 1.3.4. Architecture of a cellular network 14 1.3.5. Telephony 15 1.3.6. Development of cellular systems 16 1.3.6.1. First generation 16 1.3.6.2. Second generation 16 1.3.6.3. Third generation 18 1.3.6.4. Fourth generation 18 1.4. WiMAX mobile and 4G 19 1.5. Conclusion 20 CHAPTER 2. COGNITIVE RADIO 23 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. Software radio 24 2.2.1. Software-defined radio 24 2.3. Introduction to cognitive radio 24 2.3.1. History 24 2.3.2. Definition 25 2.3.3. Relationship between cognitive radio and software-defined radio 26 2.3.4. Structure 27 2.3.5. Cognition cycle 29 2.3.6. Components of cognitive radio 31 2.3.7. Functions of cognitive radio 32 2.4. Languages of cognitive radio 35 2.5. Domains of cognitive radio applications 36 2.6. Conclusion 38 CHAPTER 3. MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS 39 3.1. Introduction 39 3.2. Definition of an agent 39 3.2.1. The multidimensional characteristics of an agent 40 3.2.2. An agent’s concrete architecture 41 3.2.2.1. Architecture of logical agents 41 3.2.2.2. Reactive architecture 42 3.2.2.3. BDI architecture 42 3.2.2.4. Multilevel architecture 44 3.2.3. Model of an agent 45 3.3. Multi-agent systems 46 3.3.1. Communication between agents 46 3.3.1.1. Coordination protocols 46 3.3.1.2. Cooperation protocols 47 3.3.1.3. Negotiation 47 3.4. Application of MAS in telecommunications 48 3.4.1. MAS applications on the Web 48 3.4.2. Application of MAS in virtual private networks 49 3.4.3. Using MAS in the setting of third generation mobiles 50 3.4.4. Application of MAS in network supervision and management 50 3.5. Conclusion 50 CHAPTER 4. DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS 53 4.1. Introduction 53 4.2. Intelligent algorithms 54 4.2.1. Neural networks 55 4.2.2. Fuzzy logic 56 4.2.3. Genetic algorithms 57 4.3. Dynamic spectrum access 58 4.3.1. Spectrum access using the auction approach 58 4.3.2. Spectrum access using game theory 59 4.3.3. Spectrum access using Markov’s approach 60 4.3.4. Spectrum access using multi-agent systems 61 4.4. Conclusion 64 BIBLIOGRAPHY 67 FURTHER READING 75 INDEX 77

Read more less