The environment Books

Book SynopsisThe environment is considered the surroundings in which an organism operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation. It is this environment that is both so valuable on the one hand, and so endangered on the other. And it is people that are by and large ruining the environment, both for themselves and for all other organisms. This book presents some of the latest research in the field.

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles research summaries from a number of different focuses in the important field of environment and agriculture.

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles research summaries from a number of different focuses in the important field of environment and agriculture.

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles research summaries from a number of different focuses in the important field of environment and agriculture.

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Book SynopsisThe National Strategy for the Arctic Region sets forth the United States Government''s strategic priorities for the Arctic region. This strategy is intended to position the United States to respond effectively to challenges and emerging opportunities arising from significant increases in Arctic activity due to the diminishment of sea ice and the emergence of a new Arctic environment. It defines U.S. national security interests in the Arctic region and identifies prioritised lines of effort, building upon existing initiatives by Federal, state, local, and tribal authorities, the private sector, and international partners, and aims to focus efforts where opportunities exist and action is needed. This book discusses the National Strategy for the Arctic Region in further detail; the Department of Defense Arctic strategy; and provides background and issues in the changes in the Arctic.

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Book SynopsisThe general aim of this book is to explain the development of several types of models using an extremely small number of parameters in an attempt to find consistent properties of integral living matter within aquatic ecosystems. Starting from a minimal model of the whole study [ie: the ideal minimal ecosystem (IMES)], the authors developed a series of statistical models (size spectra, rank distribution, and regression models, including allometries). They then proceeded from ataxonomic to taxonomic size spectra to demonstrate and explain the high consistency of natural communities. Several types of species size-frequency distributions or "taxonomic size spectra" were applied, diminishing the importance of rare species and the assemblage time-space heterogeneity. A series of original studies written during the last thirty years to develop condensed, formalised models and empirical comparisons has demonstrated general patterns and the model''s drawbacks; hence, several cycles of modernisation were fulfilled, revealing both the stability of natural aquatic communities and small-scale variability of the general pattern. Comparisons of several taxonomic hierarchy levels speak in favor of the whole-assemblage origin of the statistical mechanisms, supporting the long-term consistency of phytoplankton taxonomic size structure. Specific changes in the taxonomic size spectrum fine structure were evident and may be helpful for diagnostics, while the spectrum general pattern consistency can be helpful for monitoring and modeling the aim of this study. The consistency difference between several levels of the phytoplankton taxonomic hierarchy was demonstrated as a new phenomenon important for modeling, monitoring, and ecological forecast. Though stochastic dynamics of abundances and biomasses often emerge from experiments and mathematical models, some predictable patterns and indices emerged from large-scale studies of natural aquatic assemblages. Mathematical models demonstrated the formation of long-tail distributions produced by metabolic webs. Such consistency phenomena lead to explanatory ecological models based on concepts of the living whirl (G. Cuvier), living matter (V. Vernadsky), dissipative structures, and biogeochemical cycles. Aquatic (marine and freshwater) ecosystem management could be sufficiently strengthened, applying reliable patterns and descriptors suitable for forecasting and diagnostic purposes.

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Book SynopsisInvasive species are one of the greatest threats to forest, range, aquatic, and urban forest ecosystem health. They contribute to the endangerment of native species and may lead to other severe ecological and financial consequences in our Nation''s wild lands and urban forests. To ensure the continued production of needed goods, services, and values from our Nation''s terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, the Forest Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), must implement a strategic systems approach for managing invasive species. This book prioritises and guides the prevention, detection, and control of invasive insects, pathogens, plants, wildlife, and fish that threaten our Nation''s terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles research summaries from a number of different focuses in the important field of environment and agriculture.

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles research summaries from a number of different focuses in the important field of environment and agriculture.

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Book SynopsisNanostructured materials and coatings have gained great importance due to their microstructural properties. Their applications have increased in different technological areas such as, in environmental pollution control, photo catalysis, optics, solid oxide fuel cells, electronic and optoelectronic devices, mechanical protection, catalysis, and in biomedical. Furthermore, advances in aerosol processing in recent years have increased the variety of produced nanostructured materials, including metals, oxides, ceramics, and composites, in different appearances such as nanoparticles, rods, belts, fibres, tubes, needles, and films. This book discusses the synthesis, properties and implications that aerosols have on the environment.

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Book SynopsisThe Great Lakes ecosystem is recognised by many as an international natural resource that has been altered by human activities and climate variability. These alterations have led to degraded water quality, diminished habitat, lower native fish and wildlife populations, and an altered ecosystem. In response, the federal governments of the United States and Canada and the state and provincial governments in the Great Lakes basin are implementing several restoration activities. These activities range from mitigating the harmful effects of toxic substances in lake waters to restoring fish habitat. This books provides the reader with a background on and issues of the Great Lakes restoration initiative, as well as the action plan for the years 2010-2014.

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Book SynopsisStress may be defined as any negative effect or condition that a living organism may suffer. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, high and low temperatures, ozone, heavy metals, low concentration of nutrients in degraded soils, can cause deleterious effects in almost all phonological plant stages, from germination to full plant development. It has been estimated that 70% of the crop yield loss can be attributed to abiotic stresses, especially drought. It is known that plants respond readily when challenged by abiotic stresses by the modified regulation of many genes. This is a manifold response consisting of transcriptional and translational mechanisms that allow the adaptation of plants to many unfavourable environments. This book discusses the regulation of abiotic stress responses in plants; the structural aspects and functional regulation of late embryogenesis abundant genes and proteins conferring abiotic stress tolerance in plants; and dehydration responsive element binding transcription factors.

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Book SynopsisCarbon capture and sequestration (or storage) -- known as CCS -- has attracted congressional interest as a measure for mitigating global climate change because large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel use in the United States are potentially available to be captured and stored underground and prevented from reaching the atmosphere. Large, industrial sources of CO2, such as electricity-generating plants, are likely initial candidates for CCS because they are predominantly stationary, single-point sources. Electricity generation contributes over 40% of U.S. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. Currently, U.S. power plants do not capture large volumes of CO2 for CCS. This book covers only CCS and not other types of carbon sequestration activities, and it also aims to provide a snapshot of the DOE CCS program, including its current funding levels, together with some discussion of the program''s achievements and prospects for success in meeting its stated goals.

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Book SynopsisThis series covers leading-edge research focusing on the environment, including current research data on simulating future residential property losses from wildfire in Montana; potential impact of CO2 emissions on the seafloor; environmental factors versus distance of moths in forests; integration of bacterial genomics in plants for enhanced abiotic stress tolerance; advances in microbes-assisted phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls; development of sustainable energy and applications; and climatic factors and soil moisture status during the production stage and its statistical relation with cotton production.

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Book SynopsisTemperate forests covering 34% of the Earth''s land have experienced human disturbances since ancient times and this is where the major industrial and agricultural enterprises are located nowadays. The heaviest human stress has been on European and North American ecosystems. Forest ecosystems are a major control of moisture circulation in watersheds. Boreal forests have been long recognised to influence global moisture circulation considerably. Therefore, it is logical to expect that further large-scale forest cover disturbances, such as catastrophic fires, large-scale insect outbreaks and forest logging, will affect the processes of water resource development and hydrological regime in any river basin. This book discusses the management and conservation of forest ecosystems in several areas in the world which include the Neotropics, Norway, United Kingdom and Siberia.

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Book SynopsisHuman activities around the world are producing increasingly large quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the most abundant of which is carbon dioxide (CO2). In recent years, concerns about the effects those emissions might have on the climate have prompted Congress, federal regulators, and others to consider policies to reduce them. This book examines the unintended effects on the competitiveness of U.S firms of an economy wide policy, such as a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade program that would reduce emissions by imposing a price on them. The book also assesses the use of border adjustments, such as import tariffs and export subsidies, and transition assistance to mitigate those unintended effects.

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Book SynopsisMany governments acknowledge that environmental degradation and climate change pose international and trans-boundary risks to human populations, economies, and ecosystems that could result in a worsening of poverty, social tensions, and political stability. To confront these global challenges, countries have negotiated various international agreements to protect the environment, reduce pollution, conserve natural resources, and promote sustainable growth. While some observers have called upon developed countries to take the lead in addressing these issues, efforts are unlikely to be sufficient without similar measures being implemented in developing countries. Developing countries, however, focused on poverty reduction and economic growth, may not have the financial resources, technological know-how, or institutional capacity to deploy such measures. Therefore, international support for these areas has remained the principal method for governments to assist developing country action on global environmental problems. This book focuses on international funding for climate and environmental protection through the Climate Investment Funds, the Green Climate Fund, and the Global Environment Facility.

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Book SynopsisThis book is written by internationally-famous biologists, ecologists, soil biologists and environmental scientists and managers who have been engaged in related fields for many years, which is the extension and supplement of the book: Shao HB(ed), Metal Contamination: Sources, Detection and Environmental Impact, NOVA Science Publishers, New York 2012, USA. This book consists of 13 chapters, four of which are review papers covering important aspects in regards to marshes ecology, plant abio-stress physiological and molecular mechanisms for sustainable marshes agriculture, heavy metals pollution status for water ecosystems and management in China, and the rest of which are research papers focusing on various topics, such as nitrogen and phosphorus release in coastal agricultural ecosystems in China; photosynthetic characterization of three dominant plant species in the Salt Marshes of the Yellow River Delta, China; A comparative study of salt resistance between two soybean species associated with osmotic and ionic stresses for cultivating soybean resources; Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 under different types of coastal salt marshes of the Yellow River Delta: Dynamic changes and driving factors across different seasons; A meta-analysis of the bacterial and archaeal diversity in wetland soils for sustainable management and the Alkali marshes of Central-Europe Ecology, management and nature conservation. This is an excellent book on the processes and environmental factors that influence marsh soil in the ecosystem. The case studies of different ecosystems contribute to a better understanding of the marshes performance and will be useful to those planning to restore contaminated lands. The publication will also serve as a valuable reference textbook to soil biologists, ecologists, agricultural scientists, environmental scientists, managers and students who are interested in marshes environmental sciences and affairs.

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Book SynopsisPlants have a very specific and efficient mechanism to obtain, translocate and store nutrients from the surrounding environment. The precise mechanism that helps a plant in nutrient translocation from root to shoot also, in the same way, transfers and stores toxic metals within their structure. Metal toxicity generally causes multiple direct or indirect effects on plants, affecting nearly all of their physiological functions. Plant tolerance to heavy metals depends largely on plant efficiency in uptake, translocation and sequestration of heavy metals in specific cell organelles or specialized tissues. The main purpose of this book is to present a holistic view of the recent advancement in the field of accumulation and remediation using plants, the green solar powered alternative to ameliorate heavy metal from the polluted environment. The key features of the book are related to metal transporters and metal accumulation mechanisms under heavy metal stress in plants, plant transcriptional regulation and responses under metal contamination, multiple toxic metal contaminations and its phytoremediation approaches etc. Based on the advancement of research in recent years, the information compiled in this book will bring an in-depth knowledge on the bioaccumulation of metals, their transportation in natural conditions or genetically modified plants and their strategy to cope with the toxicity to survive in the hostile environment.

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Book SynopsisThis series covers leading-edge research focusing on the environment, including current research data on renewable energy technologies, sustainable development and the environment; bioenergy for energy or materials; use of coal to manufacture carbon integral honeycomb monoliths with environmental applications; synthesis, characterisation and applications of nanocomposite materials in diverse fields; effect of marine environmental factors on the formation kinetics and phase equilibrium of CO2 hydrate; biodegradation of crude oil by rhizosphere micro-organisms; and environmental impacts and prospects of petroleum production.

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Book SynopsisKey issues related to freshwater availability and use, such as concerns about population growth straining water supplies, lack of information on water availability and use, and trends in types of water use, remain largely unchanged since 2003, according to state water managers, experts, and literature. The nation''s water bodies have long supplied Americans with abundant freshwater, but recent events, such as the ongoing California drought, have focused attention on competing demands for this limited resource. In the United States, the states are primarily responsible for managing freshwater resources, and many federal agencies influence states'' management decisions. This book examines issues related to freshwater availability and use; expectations for water availability and use over the next 10 years and how these expectations may affect water planning; steps, if any, states have taken to manage freshwater resources; and actions, if any, federal agencies have taken to support management of freshwater availability and use and perspectives from state water managers, experts, and literature on what the federal government can do to enhance its support.

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles the works of many authors from some of the best academic institutions in the world, all related to Mexico''s contemporary general conditions. The main objective of this compilation is to examine Mexico as a whole, giving the reader an insight in its social, economic, political and environmental problems. For this purpose, the texts have been chosen in a way that after analysing a few of them, one will find them all correlated. The problems analysed in this book range from very recent (some of them occurring this past year) to others that go back decades or even centuries. In this sense, this contribution gives readers a historical perception of the problems captured. Some chapters develop scientific conclusions based on strict scientific research; however, the reader will find that the language is not overwhelming and the chapters can be thoroughly and easily read. Overall, it is a wonderful compilation made possible by all contributing authors and their interest to publish their most recent research on it. We hope that readers enjoy going through the pages of these chapters as they venture through contemporary Mexico, analysing topics from the environmental difficulties of Coahuila''s sand dunes to social changes in the Meseta Purépecha, passing through other topics, such as, the conditions of human rights protection in Mexico or the return of the PRI regime, among other great discussions. The authors'' interests are as different as their disciplines, but, in this case, diversity is important for maintaining multidisciplinary interpretations on the current needs of the Mexican society.

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Book SynopsisThis series covers leading-edge research focusing on the environment, including current research data on water and nutrient use efficiency and root distribution of selected horticultural crops; development of green energy-saving mechanisms; sustainable research and technological development on bio-energy; lentic habitats as study models for assessing aquatic contamination; significant change-points of subperiod levels in tree-ring chronologies as indications of climate change; differences in bryophyte diversity between subalpine abies forests and larix plantations; and mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric pollution.

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Book SynopsisOne of the most exciting new trends in water quality management today is the movement by many cities, counties, states, and private-sector developers toward the increased use of Low Impact Development (LID) to help protect and restore water quality. LID comprises a set of approaches and practices that are designed to reduce runoff of water and pollutants from the site at which they are generated. By means of infiltration, evapotranspiration, and reuse of rainwater, LID techniques manage water and water pollutants at the source and thereby prevent or reduce the impact of development on rivers, streams, lakes, coastal waters, and ground water. This book summarizes 17 case studies of developments that include Low Impact Development (LID) practices and concludes that applying LID techniques can reduce project costs and improve environmental performance. This book also compares green energy programs and policies in China and the United States.

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Book SynopsisCooking and cooking burners emit pollutants that can adversely affect indoor air quality in residences and significantly impact occupant health. Effective kitchen exhaust ventilation can reduce exposure to cooking-related air pollutants as an enabling step to healthier, low-energy homes. This book identifies barriers to the widespread adoption of kitchen exhaust ventilation technologies and practice and proposes a suite of strategies to overcome these barriers.

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Book SynopsisNatural resource policy and management in the United States often are characterized by limited budgets and multiple, and sometimes competing, societal objectives. The use and management of forest lands in the U.S. involve tradeoffs between the current and potential benefits public and private lands provide to society and the effects the policy and management actions have on the resiliency of natural systems. However, translating society''s multiple forestry objectives into policies and management actions has become more difficult as society''s objectives have become more complex. This book characterizes the concept of ecosystem services as it could apply to national forests; describes the value of an ecosystem service approach and provides examples of how management actions support the provision of these services; compares the Deschutes National Forest''s current accomplishment reporting system to ecosystem service outcomes that potentially result from management activities; identifies partners with potential to collaboratively plan, fund, or implement projects to enhance or conserve ecosystem services; describes current research efforts to support management application of the ecosystem service concept; and identifies research needs.

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Book SynopsisThe Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the nation''s largest public power provider, is a self-financing, federal electric utility with annual revenues of about $11 billion. In its budget proposal for FY2014, the Obama Administration proposed a "strategic review" of the Tennessee Valley Authority. The preamble to the TVA Act lists flood control, reforestation, and agricultural and industrial development as primary considerations in the original establishment of the TVA. TVA is now required by the TVA Act to be self-supported using funds from the sale of electric power. This book will discuss the history and role of TVA mostly from an energy standpoint, considering current and future obligations, and other issues related to TVA''s provision of electrical energy. This book will also examine how TVA plans to meet future demand for electricity and how TVA''s resource planning and forecasts compare to those from other sources; TVA''s efforts to use energy efficiency to meet demand for electricity; and TVA''s financial condition and how it affects TVA''s ability to meet its operational and financial goals.

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Book SynopsisAlthough over two thirds of the Earth''s surface is covered by water, more than 97% is ocean water which is too salty for human use or even for irrigation. Consequently, the freshwater is only 3% and almost 1% of the available freshwater is liquid surface water that can be used directly by humans. The rest is groundwater and iced water. Yet still, freshwater is considered to be one of the most abundant resources on earth. In the agriculture sector only, over two-thirds of the available freshwater is used for irrigation. This book focuses on the technology, management and efficiency of drip irrigation.

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Book SynopsisLandfills have been targeted by geophysical methods in order to investigate their environmental impacts. In fact, landfills have been the classic way to deposit domestic and industrial waste and have generated a large range of negative environmental impacts in groundwater and soils. These problems often persist even after the effective use of the landfills and subsequent recovery processes. Owing to their characteristics, landfills are difficult to access and because of the general lack of accurate information regarding the shape, nature of the refuse, history and development of the landfill, non-invasive, non-destructive methods and sometimes autonomous data acquisition devices must be used to monitor impacts and to investigate and prevent groundwater and soil contamination. This book discusses processing systems, environmental impacts and adverse health effects of landfills and other recycling centers.

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Book SynopsisNatural gas is regularly lost as it is burned (flared) and released into the atmosphere (vented) during the production of oil and gas. While the exact amount of gas lost in this way is uncertain, given the vast extent of oil and gas production throughout the world, it could be significant. In addition to resulting in the loss of a potentially valuable resource, the burning and release of natural gas into the atmosphere contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, which are generally considered to be warming the earth''s atmosphere. This book describes flaring and venting data and what the federal government could do to improve them; reports on the basis of available information, on the extent of flaring and venting and their contributions to greenhouse gases; and identifies opportunities for the federal government to reduce flaring and venting.

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Book SynopsisCleaner Production is an emerging field of research that comprises concepts and methodologies from different disciplines in a problem-oriented manner. Research efforts are often concentrated in a variety of sectoral domains; and, for understanding the global change which embraces a variety of processes on several scales, a variety of environmental and sustainability aspects can be addressed. This book brings contributions from researchers that participated in editions of the International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production (www.advancesincleanerproduction.net) held in São Paulo, Brazil. The book includes contributions from researchers from various countries for the development of Cleaner Production. Divided into three sections, the book addresses national experiences for the implementation of CP programs, research related to the metrics used to assess the effects of CP initiatives in the production sector and discussions that emerge before and after the implementation of these programs. Methodological approaches presented can be useful in the design and management of production systems, for policy development, environmental risk reduction, and prevention/mitigation strategies.

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Book SynopsisAlien -- also called non-indigenous or non-native -- species are defined as those species that colonise an area beyond their natural range, where they reproduce and establish a population. It is known that plants, animals and micro-organisms have been intentionally transferred with human discovery voyages for centuries and, possibly, since the shift from foraging to agricultural and pastoralist societies. As a result, many ''exotic'' species are now among our preferred foods, dearest pets, good-looking houseplants and decorative aquarium weeds, but most of them cannot be considered alien species, as they grow well only in artificially-controlled conditions or in protected environments. Conversely, alien species are capable of ready acclimation to novel habitats, where they may find themselves unconstrained by the limiting factors -- both abiotic and biotic -- typical of their original habitat. In these ''favorable'' conditions, they might outgrow, and ultimately overthrow, resident organisms with which they happen to compete: in this case, alien species are often dubbed ''invasive''. This book discusses patterns, management and economic impact of these biological invasions.

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Book SynopsisThis series covers leading-edge research focusing on the environment, including current research data on the hidden risks and unfulfilled expectations of biochar; clean and green energy development and sustainable development; catchment properties as useful proxies for freshwater biodiversity; resource conservation and environment management; an overview on the development of integrated bioenergy devices for improvement of quality of life of poor people; climatic factors before and after cotton anthesis and its statistical relations nature with cotton production; application, toxicology and environmental effects of nitrobenzene; prediction of California bearing ratio (CBR) for pavement subgrade soils in saturated and unsaturated conditions; and innovative approach of the regional food retail trade.

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Book SynopsisOffshore wind has been envisaged as making a critical contribution in Europe in satisfying the electricity demand in a low-carbon generation scenario. In fact, offshore environment provides a windier and steadier source compared to onshore wind energy. Offshore wind turbine rotors and generators create value by "farming" the wind, converting its energy into electricity. Costly infrastructure -- the very high towers, deep seabed foundations, buried high voltage insulated cables, on-platform transformers and complete subsea transmission grid -- and expensive at-sea maintenance are required because this electricity is not where it is needed. This book discusses offshore wind technologies and examines the ecological risks and prospects of offshore wind.

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Book SynopsisThis series covers leading-edge research focusing on the environment, including current research data on UHI''s impacts on aquatic environments; the use of the lichen genus rhizocarpon in lichenometric dating with special reference to holocene glacial events; environmental problems, place elites and counter elites in depopulated rural areas; fumonisin in Zambia and neighbouring countries in a changing climate; major features on brazil''s legislative policy in uranium production and related environmental aspects; dissolved 222rn and 226ra in groundwaters of guarani aquifer system and serra geral aquifer at Ribeiro Preto City, São Paulo state, Brazil; ambient air conditions and emergency department visits in Vancouver; evaluation of urban heat island effect using modis remote sensing data of Guangzhou, China; changes in 2-de protein profile of white and red clover leaves in response to waterlogging stress and recovery; and spatial decision support systems integrating ecohydrology in limited water resources regions.

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Book SynopsisIn recent decades, it has been recognized that environmental pollution causes serious local and global harmful effects, both to human health and ecosystems, and therefore the protection and restoration of the environment is a matter of great importance. Through the joint efforts of mathematicians, geophysicists and environmentalists, diverse methods for solving varied problems of environmental pollution have been developed. In this text, mathematical methods for analyzing the problems of transport and dispersion of relatively passive pollutants, control of air emissions and remediation of polluted aquatic systems are presented in such form that they are easily understood by undergraduate and graduate students. The application of the adjoint method is emphasized as a way to get dual estimates of average concentrations of different substances. This methodology helps to establish simple variational and linear programming formulations in order to calculate optimal solutions of these problems in the sense that they meet the standards of air quality and cause the minimal variations in the industrial processes or in the environment. This text is primarily intended for scientists, engineers and other professionals working in the field of environmental modeling (transport of air and water pollutants, assessment of pollution levels, optimal control of emission rates from point, line and area sources, the optimal location of a new industrial plant, bioremediation of oil-contaminated aquatic zones, etc.). We hope that this book will be useful for undergraduate and graduate students of engineering sciences and earth sciences as well.

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Book SynopsisWritten by seventeen experts in the field of rangeland management, this compilation of essays brings to light the latent issues concerning this subject to readers all over the globe. Though technical approaches can address some issues, social processes ultimately prevent the balancing of these matters. Socio-economic and political institutions are often a stumbling block for improving rangeland management. Human intervention (such as burning and grazing) have been used as rehabilitation efforts to address reverse land degradation problems. It is also hoped that these methods will bring about ecological restoration for more than 30 percent of the world''s land mass and provide living conditions for 1 billion people across every inhabited continent. Multiple-use has become an important factor in the last few decades, especially when discussing global climate change. The extensive bibliography we provide will give researchers, members of academia and policy makers'' contemplative subject matter; they may access multi-lingual literature that give insight into the issues concerning rangeland situations.

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Book SynopsisWetlands, with a variety of physical characteristics, are found throughout the country. They are known in different regions as swamps, marshes, fens, potholes, playa lakes, or bogs. Although these places can differ greatly, they all have distinctive plant and animal assemblages because of the wetness of the soil. Some wetland areas may be continuously inundated by water, while other areas may not be flooded at all. In coastal areas, flooding may occur daily as tides rise and fall. Recent Congresses have considered numerous policy topics that involve wetlands. Many reflect issues of long-standing interest, such as applying federal regulations on private lands, wetland loss rates, and restoration and creation accomplishments. This book provides an overview of issues with the wetlands; and provides some economic insights on targeting investments to cost effectively restore and protect wetland ecosystems.

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Book SynopsisThis series covers leading-edge research focusing on the environment, including current research data on the impact of forest canopy structure on simulations of atmosphere-biosphere NOX exchange; numerical simulation of CO2 sequestration in saline aquifer influenced by heterogeneous capillary pressure and wettability; the estimation of riverine nutrient fluxes from an urban watershed in New Jersey; a field survey on the Iberian Peninsula; pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in river sediments based on calculation of pollution indices; rainfall patterns and the relation to atmospheric circulation in Northern Patagonia; a case study of a dry deciduous forest in Kratie, Cambodia; a case study on wastewater management in Nepal; methane interactions with an atmospheric moisture; anthanides and actinides in soils of Khibiny-Lovozero Province; safer irrigation technology adoption under uncertainty perception in Ghana; and nano biomaterial for decontamination of carcinogenic metal from waste water.

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Book SynopsisThis series covers leading-edge research focusing on the environment, including current research data on coastal wetlands and their role in human health; electro-kinetic enhanced phytoremediation for the restoration of multi-metal(loid) contaminated soils; French neotropical solanum genus; advances in production of value-added products from sugarcane straw ash; influence of organic load, fill time and cycle length on biohydrogen production in an AnSBBR treating glucose-based wastewater; AnSBBR operated in batch and fed-batch modes applied to biohydrogen production treating lactose-based wastewater; and impact assessment of mining and metallurgical activities on the distribution of trace elements in the Stavnja Valley, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Book SynopsisThe authors of this book examine the latest developments in environmental research. Chapters include community and societal perspectives and strategies on learning to co-exist with environmental hazards; an overview of the current knowledge of biomonitoring of environmental heavy metals pollution; important insights on climate variables in water demand modelling which can be useful in conducting a more rigorous climate change impact analysis on urban water demand in other cities and regions; the applications of renewable energy in buildings and other various environments; an evaluation of SRCs as a potential carbon neutral source of biomass for energy and chemicals; a discussion on the distribution of certain chemical elements which in higher contents represent hazards to the environment and cause certain unwanted consequences on human health; and an analysis of dynamic linear modeling of homogenized monthly temperatures which demonstrated a rise in monthly temperature records with a seasonal pattern.

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Book SynopsisThe authors of this book examine the latest developments in environmental research. Chapters include numerical simulation of chemical spills and assessment of environmental impacts; some ontological reflections on current environmental justice Research; nudges as an alternative to economic market-based instruments in environmental regulation policies; potentialities of biochars from different biomasses for climate change abatement by carbon capture and soil amelioration; electrospun nanofibers affinity membranes for water hazards remediation; hydrogeochemical and stable isotope monitoring and numerical modelling of groundwater resource in Eastern Georgia to secure stability and quality of water supply; risks and hazards of gully erosion in a cold environment; and wheat rusts in Azerbaijan.

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Book SynopsisThe authors of this book examine the latest developments in environmental research. Chapters include nanostructured porous semiconductors as emerging materials in environmental technology; contrasting fish assemblages in free-flowing and impounded tributaries to the upper Delaware River; effects of the absence of adequate regulatory structure on the conservation of peyote; iridium as the new polluting metal linked to vehicular traffic; application of biogas for sustainable energy development from agricultural residues; combustion of oil layer on the surface of water; weathering effects on the structure and thermal behavior of bituminous coal; the use of lignite for the thermal treatment of waste-tyre on a commercial scale; cadmium uptake and distribution in tissues of sea bream with different cadmium exposure histories; mine closure aspects of balanda opencast mine of jagannath area, Mahanadi coal field; and Bogotá''s urban wetlands.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes research from selected international authors and institutions that consider land use management to be an important aspect in the context of climate change and development. Our team of editors and authors hope to add a valuable contribution to the literature to address global climate change in relation to agricultural-forestry ecosystems and development in vulnerable locations. Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry book chapters include a wide variety of topics on changes in land use practices, carbon sequestration, forest degradation, as well as polices that affect land use and development. It also includes a description of the current state of land use, land-use change and forestry in South Asian countries (Chapter 1); an evaluation of biodiversity and peoples'' willingness to pay (Chapter 2); modelling of carbon sequestration in forests (Chapter 3); trade-off analysis in economic and environmental objectives (Chapter 4); use of radar imagery in detecting forest degradation (Chapter 5); assessment of carbon sequestration in woodlots (Chapter 6); solutions for improved survival of ruminants in arid and semi-arid environments and associated carbon sequestration (Chapter 7); policy interventions for land use changes (Chapter 8); accomplishing land use change from subsistence to commercial farming in Mozambique (Chapter 9); and an international and multi-sectoral approach for partnering to achieve positive agricultural developmental land use change (Chapter 10). Our team of editors, reviewers, and authors are honored to be part of this project; truly an example of international cooperation and articulation within the climate change community. The chapters and authors of Land Use, Land-Use and Forestry were carefully selected through a rigorous peer review process considering publication records, relevant and high quality contributions to this topic, and priming international cooperation. For this book and its contents, the intended audience includes the international climate change community including: contributors to the UNFCCC-IPCC process, policymakers, consultants, project developers, researchers and their institutions. Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry aims to be a valuable addition to multidisciplinary and international cooperation efforts (policies, cultural practices, new technologies, and adaptation measures), to development of land use policies, governmental and nongovernmental agencies worldwide and the general public. The editors of Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry believe the book is an effective tool to help the international community progress in understanding and management of land use changes in addressing climate change through international collaboration and cooperation.

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