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Book SynopsisInnovation today . . . Practice tomorrow. PROGRESS in Inorganic Chemistry Today''s cutting-edge chemical experimentation is a foretaste of thetechnical arsenal of tomorrow''s chemist. Progress in InorganicChemistry affords instant and convenient access to every area ofinnovative chemical research and has long served as theprofessional chemist''s index to the newest and influential turns ininorganic chemistry. Featuring the work of internationally renownedchemists, Volume 45 discusses: * Selective Recognition of Organic Molecules by Metallohosts (JamesW. Canary and Bruce C. Gibb, New York University) * Metallacrowns: A New Class of Molecular Recognition Agents(Vincent L. Pecoraro, Ann J. Stemmler, Brian R. Gibney, Jeffrey J.Bodwin, Hsin Wang, Jeff W. Kampf, and Almut Barwinski, Universityof Michigan) * The Interpretation of Ligand Field Parameters (Adam J. Bridgemanand Malcolm Gerloch, University Chemical Laboratories) * Chemistry of Transition Metal CyTable of ContentsSelective Recognition of Organic Molecules by Metallohosts (J.Canary & B. Gibb). Metallacrowns: A New Class of Molecular Recognition Agents (V.Pecoraro, et al.). The Interpretation of Ligand Field Parameters (A. Bridgeman &M. Gerloch). Chemistry of Transition Metal Cyanide Compounds: ModernPerspectives (K. Dunbar & R. Heintz). Assembling Sugars and Metals: Novel Architectures and Reactivitiesin Transition Metal Chemistry (U. Piarulli & C.Floriani). Oxygen Activation Mechanism at the Binuclear Site of Heme-CopperOxidase Superfamily as Revealed by Time-Resolved Resonance RamanSpectroscopy (T. Kitagawa & T. Ogura). Indexes.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis is a book that is clear and lucid in its presentation of the technically difficult area of state estimation. The bottom-up approach taken in this text lays the foundation one block at a time until the reader has a firm grasp of optimal filtering.Trade Review"This book is obviously written with care and reads very easily. A very valuable resource for students, teachers, and practitioners…highly recommended." (CHOICE, February 2007) "The dozens of helpful step-by-step examples, visual illustrations, and lists of exercises proposed at the end of each chapter significantly facilitate a reader's understanding of the book's content." (Computing Reviews.com, December 4, 2006)Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Acronyms. List of algorithms. Introduction. PART I INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL. 1 Linear systems theory. 1.1 Matrix algebra and matrix calculus. 1.1.1 Matrix algebra. 1.1.2 The matrix inversion lemma. 1.1.3 Matrix calculus. 1.1.4 The history of matrices. 1.2 Linear systems. 1.3 Nonlinear systems. 1.4 Discretization. 1.5 Simulation. 1.5.1 Rectangular integration. 1.5.2 Trapezoidal integration. 1.5.3 RungeKutta integration. 1.6 Stability. 1.6.1 Continuous-time systems. 1.6.2 Discretetime systems. 1.7 Controllability and observability. 1.7.1 Controllability. 1.7.2 Observability. 1.7.3 Stabilizability and detectability. 1.8 Summary. Problems. Probability theory. 2.1 Probability. 2.2 Random variables. 2.3 Transformations of random variables. 2.4 Multiple random variables. 2.4.1 Statistical independence. 2.4.2 Multivariate statistics. 2.5 Stochastic Processes. 2.6 White noise and colored noise. 2.7 Simulating correlated noise. 2.8 Summary. Problems. 3 Least squares estimation. 3.1 Estimation of a constant. 3.2 Weighted least squares estimation. 3.3 Recursive least squares estimation. 3.3.1 Alternate estimator forms. 3.3.2 Curve fitting. 3.4 Wiener filtering. 3.4.1 Parametric filter optimization. 3.4.2 General filter optimization. 3.4.3 Noncausal filter optimization. 3.4.4 Causal filter optimization. 3.4.5 Comparison. 3.5 Summary. Problems. 4 Propagation of states and covariances. 4.1 Discretetime systems. 4.2 Sampled-data systems. 4.3 Continuous-time systems. 4.4 Summary. Problems. PART II THE KALMAN FILTER. 5 The discrete-time Kalman filter. 5.1 Derivation of the discrete-time Kalman filter. 5.2 Kalman filter properties. 5.3 One-step Kalman filter equations. 5.4 Alternate propagation of covariance. 5.4.1 Multiple state systems. 5.4.2 Scalar systems. 5.5 Divergence issues. 5.6 Summary. Problems. 6 Alternate Kalman filter formulations. 6.1 Sequential Kalman filtering. 6.2 Information filtering. 6.3 Square root filtering. 6.3.1 Condition number. 6.3.2 The square root time-update equation. 6.3.3 Potter's square root measurement-update equation. 6.3.4 Square root measurement update via triangularization. 6.3.5 Algorithms for orthogonal transformations. 6.4 U-D filtering. 6.4.1 U-D filtering: The measurement-update equation. 6.4.2 U-D filtering: The time-update equation. 6.5 Summary. Problems. 7 Kalman filter generalizations. 7.1 Correlated process and measurement noise. 7.2 Colored process and measurement noise. 7.2.1 Colored process noise. 7.2.2 Colored measurement noise: State augmentation. 7.2.3 Colored measurement noise: Measurement differencing. 7.3 Steady-state filtering. 7.3.1 a-P filtering. 7.3.2 a-P-y filtering. 7.3.3 A Hamiltonian approach to steady-state filtering. 7.4 Kalman filtering with fading memory. 7.5 Constrained Kalman filtering. 7.5.1 Model reduction. 7.5.2 Perfect measurements. 7.5.3 Projection approaches. 7.5.4 A pdf truncation approach. 7.6 Summary. Problems. 8 The continuous-time Kalman filter. 8.1 Discrete-time and continuous-time white noise. 8.1.1 Process noise. 8.1.2 Measurement noise. 8.1.3 Discretized simulation of noisy continuous-time systems. 8.2 Derivation of the continuous-time Kalman filter. 8.3 Alternate solutions to the Riccati equation. 8.3.1 The transition matrix approach. 8.3.2 The Chandrasekhar algorithm. 8.3.3 The square root filter. 8.4 Generalizations of the continuous-time filter. 8.4.1 Correlated process and measurement noise. 8.4.2 Colored measurement noise 8.5 The steady-state continuous-time Kalman filter 8.5.1 The algebraic Riccati equation. 8.5.2 The Wiener filter is a Kalman filter. 8.5.3 Duality. 8.6 Summary. Problems. 9 Optimal smoothing. 9.1 An alternate form for the Kalman filter. 9.2 Fixed-point smoothing. 9.2.1 Estimation improvement due to smoothing. 9.2.2 Smoothing constant states. 9.3 Fixed-lag smoothing. 9.4 Fixed-interval smoothing. 9.4.1 Forward-backward smoothing. 9.4.2 RTS smoothing. 9.5 Summary. Problems. 10 Additional topics in Kalman filtering. 10.1 Verifying Kalman filter performance. 10.2 Multiple-model estimation. 10.3 Reduced-order Kalman filtering. 10.3.1 Anderson's approach to reduced-order filtering. 10.3.2 The reduced-order Schmidt-Kalman filter. 10.4 Robust Kalman filtering. 10.5 Delayed measurements and synchronization errors. 10.5.1 A statistical derivation of the Kalman filter. 10.5.2 Kalman filtering with delayed measurements. 10.6 Summary. Problems. PART III THE H, FILTER. 11 The H, filter. 11.1 Introduction. 11.1.1 An alternate form for the Kalman filter. 11.1.2 Kalman filter limitations. 11.2 Constrained optimization. 11.2.1 Static constrained optimization. 11.2.2 Inequality constraints. 11.2.3 Dynamic constrained optimization. 11.3 A game theory approach to H, filtering. 11.3.1 Stationarity with respect to xo and wk. 11.3.2 Stationarity with respect to 2 and y. 11.3.3 A comparison of the Kalman and H, filters. 11.3.4 Steady-state H, filtering. 11.3.5 The transfer function bound of the H, filter. 11.4 The continuous-time H, filter. 11.5 Transfer function approaches. 11.6 Summary. Problems. 12 Additional topics in H, filtering. 12.1 Mixed KalmanIH, filtering. 12.2 Robust Kalman/H, filtering. 12.3 Constrained H, filtering. 12.4 Summary. Problems. PART IV NONLINEAR FILTERS. 13 Nonlinear Kalman filtering. 13.1 The linearized Kalman filter. 13.2 The extended Kalman filter. 13.2.1 The continuous-time extended Kalman filter. 13.2.2 The hybrid extended Kalman filter. 13.2.3 The discrete-time extended Kalman filter. 13.3 Higher-order approaches. 13.3.1 The iterated extended Kalman filter. 13.3.2 The second-order extended Kalman filter. 13.3.3 Other approaches. 13.4 Parameter estimation. 13.5 Summary. Problems. 14 The unscented Kalman filter. 14.1 Means and covariances of nonlinear transformations. 14.1.1 The mean of a nonlinear transformation. 14.1.2 The covariance of a nonlinear transformation. 14.2 Unscented transformations. 14.2.1 Mean approximation. 14.2.2 Covariance approximation. 14.3 Unscented Kalman filtering. 14.4 Other unscented transformations. 14.4.1 General unscented transformations. 14.4.2 The simplex unscented transformation. 14.4.3 The spherical unscented transformation. 14.5 Summary. Problems. 15 The particle filter. 15.1 Bayesian state estimation. 15.2 Particle filtering. 15.3 Implementation issues. 15.3.1 Sample impoverishment. 15.3.2 Particle filtering combined with other filters. 15.4 Summary. Problems. Appendix A: Historical perspectives. Appendix B: Other books on Kalman filtering. Appendix C: State estimation and the meaning of life. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis pioneering text provides a holistic approach to decision making in transportation project development and programming, which can help transportation professionals to optimize their investment choices.Trade Review"Sinha and Labi compile a vast reservoir of knowledge and technique that transportation decision makers might use to identify and evaluate these diverse impacts as part of the decision making process." (Journal of the American Planning Association, February 2009) ""I am not aware of any other book covering such a huge variety of practically relevant and qualitive models." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2008) "The book does justice to the richness of the broader topic of decision making, covering the specific areas you would expect and more. Overall, the book is an excellent resource…the book is well-written and organized." (Journal of Transportation Engineering; 12/07)Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1 Introductory Concepts in Transportation Decision Making 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overall Transportation Program Development 1 1.1.1 Network-Level Planning 1 1.1.2 Project Development 2 1.1.3 Programming 2 1.1.4 Budgeting 2 1.1.5 Financial Planning 2 1.2 The Process of Transportation Project Development 2 1.2.1 PDP Steps 3 1.2.2 Federal Legislation That Affects Transportation Decision Making 5 1.3 Impacts of Transportation System Stimuli 6 1.3.1 Types of Transportation Stimuli 6 1.3.2 Impact Categories and Types 7 1.3.3 Dimensions of the Evaluation 9 1.4 Other Ways of Categorizing Transportation System Impacts 11 1.5 Role of Evaluation in PDP and Basic Elements of Evaluation 12 1.5.1 Role of Evaluation in PDP 12 1.5.2 Reasons for Evaluation 12 1.5.3 Measures of a Project’s Worth 12 1.6 Procedure for Transportation System Evaluation 13 1.6.1 Good Practices in Evaluation 18 Summary 18 Exercises 19 References 19 Chapter 2 Performance Measures in Transportation Evaluation 21 Introduction 21 2.1 Transportation System Goals, Objectives, and Performance Measures 21 2.2 Performance Measures at the Network and Project Levels 22 2.3 Properties of a Good Performance Measure 24 2.4 Dimensions of Performance Measures 25 2.5 Performance Measures Associated with Each Dimension 25 2.5.1 Overall Goals 25 2.5.2 System Objectives 26 2.5.3 Sector Concerns and Interests 29 2.5.4 Flow Entity (Passenger and Freight) 29 2.5.5 Type of Transportation Mode 29 2.5.6 Number of Transportation Modes Involved 30 2.5.7 Entity or Stakeholder Affected 32 2.5.8 Spatial Scope 33 2.5.9 Level of Agency Responsibility 33 2.5.10 Time Frame and Level of Refinement 33 2.6 Linking Agency Goals to Performance Measures: State of Practice 33 2.7 Benefits of Using Performance Measures 33 Summary 34 Exercises 34 References 35 Chapter 3 Estimating Transportation Demand 37 Introduction 37 3.1 Transportation Demand 37 3.1.1 Basic Concepts in Transportation Demand Estimation 37 3.1.2 Causes of Shifts in the Transportation Demand Curve 39 3.1.3 Categorization of Demand Estimation Models 39 3.1.4 Aggregate Methods for Project-Level Transportation Demand Estimation 39 3.2 Transportation Supply 48 3.2.1 Concept of Transportation Supply 48 3.2.2 Causes of Shifts in the Transportation Supply Curve 49 3.3 Equilibration and Dynamics of Transportation Demand and Supply 49 3.3.1 Demand–Supply Equilibration 49 3.3.2 Simultaneous Equation Bias in Demand–Supply Equilibration 49 3.3.3 Dynamics of Transportation Demand and Supply 50 3.4 Elasticities of Travel Demand 50 3.4.1 Classification of Elasticities by the Method of Computation 51 3.4.2 Classification of Elasticities by the Attribute Type 52 3.4.3 Classification of Elasticities by the Relative Direction of Response: Direct and Cross-Elasticities 52 3.4.4 Examples of Elasticity Values Used in Practice 53 3.4.5 Application of the Elasticity Concept: Demand Estimation 56 3.4.6 Consumer Surplus and Latent Demand 57 3.5 Emerging Issues in Transportation Demand Estimation 58 Summary 59 Exercises 59 References 61 Additional Resources 63 Chapter 4 Transportation Costs 65 Introduction 65 4.1 Classification of Transportation Costs 65 4.1.1 Classification by the Incurring Party 65 4.1.2 Classification by the Nature of Cost Variation with Output 65 4.1.3 Classification by the Expression of Unit Cost 66 4.1.4 Classification by Position in the Facility Life Cycle 69 4.1.5 Other Classifications of Transportation Costs 69 4.2 Transportation Agency Costs 69 4.2.1 Agency Costs over the Facility Life Cycle 70 4.2.2 Techniques for Estimating Agency Costs 70 4.2.3 Risk as an Element of Agency Cost 72 4.3 Transportation User Costs 72 4.3.1 User Cost Categories 72 4.3.2 Impacts of Demand Elasticity, Induced Demand, and Other Exogenous Changes on User Costs 73 4.4 General Structure and Behavior of Cost Functions 74 4.4.1 Components of a Transportation Cost Function 74 4.4.2 Economies and Diseconomies of Scale 75 4.5 Historical Cost Values and Models for Highway Transportation Systems 76 4.5.1 Highway Agency Cost Models 76 4.5.2 Transit Cost Values and Models 76 4.5.3 Relationships between Transit Operating Costs, System Size, Labor Requirements, and Technology 89 4.5.4 Air Transportation Costs 89 4.6 Issues in Transportation Cost Estimation 90 4.6.1 Aggregated Estimates for Planning vs. Detailed Engineering Estimates for Projects 90 4.6.2 Adjustments for Temporal and Spatial Variations (How to Update Costs) 90 4.6.3 Adjustments for Economies of Scale 91 4.6.4 Problem of Cost Overruns 92 4.6.5 Relative Weight of Agency and User Cost Unit Values 93 Summary 93 Exercises 94 References 94 Chapter 5 Travel-time Impacts 97 Introduction 97 5.1 Categorization of Travel Time 97 5.1.1 Trip Phase 97 5.1.2 Other Bases for Travel-Time Categorization 98 5.2 Procedure for Assessing Travel-Time Impacts 98 5.3 Issues Relating to Travel-Time Value Estimation 104 5.3.1 Conceptual Basis of Time Valuation 104 5.3.2 Factors Affecting the Travel-Time Value 104 5.3.3 Methods for Valuation of Travel Time 107 5.4 Concluding Remarks 115 Summary 115 Exercises 116 References 117 Additional Resources 118 Appendix A5.1: Estimation of Roadway Capacity Using the HCM Method (TRB, 2000) 118 Appendix A5.2: Estimation of Roadway Operating Speeds Using the HCM Method (TRB, 2000) 120 Appendix A5.3: Travel Times Used in World Bank Projects 123 Chapter 6 Evaluation of Safety Impacts 127 Introduction 127 6.1 Basic Definitions and Factors of Transportation Safety 128 6.1.1 Definition of a Crash 128 6.1.2 Transportation Crashes Classified by Severity 128 6.1.3 Categories of Factors Affecting Transportation Crashes 128 6.2 Procedure for Safety Impact Evaluation 131 6.3 Methods for Estimating Crash Reduction Factors 141 6.3.1 Before-and-After Studies 141 6.3.2 Cross-Sectional Studies 142 6.3.3 Comparison of the Before-and-After and Cross-Sectional Methods 143 6.3.4 Elasticity of Crash Frequency 143 6.4 Safety-Related Legislation 144 6.5 Software Packages for Safety Impact Evaluation of Transportation Investments 144 6.5.1 Interactive Highway Safety Design Model 144 6.5.2 Indiana’s Safety Management System 144 6.6 Considerations in Safety Impact Evaluation 144 Summary 145 Exercises 146 References 147 Additional Resources 148 Appendix A6: Crash Reduction and Accident Modification Factors 149 Chapter 7 Vehicle Operating Cost Impacts 157 Introduction 157 7.1 Components of Vehicle Operating Cost 157 7.1.1 Fuel 157 7.1.2 Shipping Inventory 157 7.1.3 Lubricating Oils for Mechanical Working of the Drivetrain 158 7.1.4 Preservation of the Vehicle–Guideway Contact Surface 158 7.1.5 Vehicle Repair and Maintenance 158 7.1.6 Depreciation 158 7.1.7 VOC Data Sources and Average National VOC Rates 158 7.2 Factors that Affect Vehicle Operating Cost 159 7.2.1 Vehicle Type 159 7.2.2 Fuel Type 160 7.2.3 Longitudinal Grade 161 7.2.4 Vehicle Speed 161 7.2.5 Delay 164 7.2.6 Speed Changes 166 7.2.7 Horizontal Curvature 166 7.2.8 Road Surface Condition 167 7.2.9 Other VOC Factors 169 7.3 Procedure for Assessing VOC Impacts 169 7.3.1 Steps for Assessing the Impacts 169 7.3.2 Implementation of Steps 4 to 6 Using the HERS Method 172 7.4 Special Case of VOC Estimation: Work Zones 176 7.5 Selected Software Packages that Include A VOC Estimation Component 176 7.5.1 AASHTO Method 176 7.5.2 HERS Package: National and State Versions 176 7.5.3 HDM-4 Road User Effects 176 7.5.4 Surface Transportation Efficiency Analysis Model 177 7.5.5 Other Models That Include a VOC Estimation Component 177 7.6 Comparison of VOC Estimation Methods and Software 177 7.6.1 Levels of Detail 177 7.6.2 Data Sources 177 Summary 178 Exercises 178 References 179 Additional Resources 180 Appendix A7.1: FHWA (2002) HERS Models for VOC Computation 180 Appendix A7.2: VOC Component Unit Costs 194 Appendix A7.3: Pavement Condition Adjustment Factors 194 Chapter 8 Economic Efficiency Impacts 197 Introduction 197 8.1 Interest Equations and Equivalencies 197 8.1.1 Cash Flow Illustrations 197 8.1.2 The Concept of Interest 197 8.1.3 Types of Compounding and Interest Rates 198 8.1.4 Interest Equations and Key Variables 199 8.1.5 Special Cases of Interest Equations 202 8.2 Criteria for Economic Efficiency Impact Evaluation 204 8.2.1 Present Worth of Costs 204 8.2.2 Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost 204 8.2.3 Equivalent Uniform Annual Return 204 8.2.4 Net Present Value 205 8.2.5 Internal Rate of Return 205 8.2.6 Benefit–Cost Ratio 205 8.2.7 Evaluation Methods Using Incremental Attributes 206 8.2.8 General Discussion of Economic Efficiency Criteria 207 8.3 Procedure for Economic Efficiency Analysis 207 8.4 Software Packages for Economic Efficiency Analysis 209 8.4.1 Surface Transportation Efficiency Analysis Model 209 8.4.2 MicroBenCost Model 209 8.4.3 Highway Development and Management Standards Model 210 8.4.4 Highway Economic Requirements system 210 8.4.5 California DOT’S Cal-B/C System 210 8.5 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 210 8.6 Case Study: Economic Efficiency Impact Evaluation 210 8.7 Final Comments on Economic Efficiency Analysis 212 Summary 213 Exercises 213 References 215 Additional Resources 216 Appendix A8 216 Chapter 9 Economic Development Impacts 229 Introduction 229 9.1 Economic Development Impact Types 229 9.1.1 Economic Development Impact Types 229 9.1.2 Economic Development Impact Mechanisms 230 9.1.3 Selection of Appropriate Measures of Economic Impact 230 9.2 Tools for Economic Development Impact Assessment 231 9.2.1 Surveys and Interviews 232 9.2.2 Market Studies 235 9.2.3 Comparative Analysis Tools: Case Studies 235 9.2.4 Economic Multiplier/Input–Output Models 237 9.2.5 Statistical Analysis Tools 239 9.2.6 Economic Simulation Models 240 9.3 Estimation of Long-term Regional Economic Development Impacts 241 9.4 Case Study: Economic Development Impact Assessment 244 Summary 246 Exercises 246 References 247 Additional Resources 249 Chapter 10 Air Quality Impacts 251 Introduction 251 10.1 Air Pollution Sources and Trends 251 10.1.1 Pollutant Types, Sources, and Trends 251 10.1.2 Categories of Air Pollution 254 10.2 Estimating Pollutant Emissions 254 10.2.1 Some Definitions 254 10.2.2 Factors Affecting Pollutant Emissions from Motor Vehicles 254 10.2.3 Approaches for Estimating Pollutant Emissions from Highways 256 10.2.4 Procedure for Estimating Highway Pollutant Emissions 258 10.2.5 Software for Estimating Pollutant Emissions 261 10.3 Estimating Pollutant Concentration 265 10.3.1 Factors Affecting Pollutant Dispersion 265 10.3.2 Pollutant Dispersion Models 266 10.3.3 Software for Estimating Pollutant Dispersion and Concentrations 270 10.4 Air Pollution from Other Modes 271 10.4.1 Air Transportation 271 10.4.2 Rail Transportation 273 10.4.3 Marine Transportation 273 10.4.4 Transit (Various Modes) 273 10.5 Monetary Costs of Air Pollution 274 10.5.1 Methods of Air Pollution Cost Estimation 274 10.5.2 Air Pollution Cost Values 275 10.6 Air Quality Standards 276 10.7 Mitigating Air Pollution from Transportation Sources 276 10.8 Air Quality Legislation and Regulations 277 10.8.1 National Legislation 277 10.8.2 Global Agreements 278 Summary 278 Exercises 278 References 279 Additional Resources 280 Appendix A10.1: Using MOBILE6 to Estimate Emissions 280 Appendix A10.2: Values of the Gaussian Distribution Function 284 Chapter 11 Noise Impacts 287 Introduction 287 11.1 Fundamental Concepts of Sound 287 11.1.1 General Characteristics 287 11.1.2 Addition of Sound Pressure Levels from Multiple Sources 288 11.2 Sources of Transportation Noise 290 11.3 Factors Affecting Transportation Noise Propagation 290 11.3.1 Nature of Source, Distance, and Ground Effects 291 11.3.2 Effect of Noise Barriers 292 11.4 Procedure for Estimating Noise Impacts for Highways 292 11.5 Application of the Procedure using the FHWA Model Equations 293 11.5.1 Reference Energy Mean Emission Level 295 11.5.2 Traffic Flow Adjustment 295 11.5.3 Distance Adjustment 295 11.5.4 Adjustment for Finite-Length Roadways 295 11.5.5 Shielding Adjustment 296 11.5.6 Combining Noises from Various Vehicle Classes 299 11.6 Application of the Procedure Using the Traffic Noise Model (TNM) Software Package 300 11.6.1 The Traffic Noise Model 300 11.7 Estimating Noise Impacts for Other Modes 301 11.7.1 Transit Noise and Vibration 301 11.7.2 Air Transportation 301 11.7.3 Rail Transportation 301 11.7.4 Marine Noise 303 11.7.5 General Guidelines for Noise Impact Evaluation of New Transportation Improvements 303 11.8 Mitigation of Transportation Noise 304 11.8.1 Noise Barrier Cost Estimates 305 11.9 Legislation and Regulations Related to Transportation Noise 306 Summary 308 Exercises 308 References 309 Additional Resources 310 Appendix A11: Noise Attenuation Charts by Barriers Defined by N 0 , φ L ,andφ R 310 Chapter 12 Impacts on Wetlands and other Ecosystems 313 Introduction 313 12.1 Basic Ecological Concepts 313 12.1.1 Concept of Ecosystems 313 12.1.2 Physical Base 314 12.1.3 Wetland Ecosystems 314 12.2 Mechanisms of Ecological Impacts 315 12.2.1 Direct vs. Indirect Mechanisms 315 12.2.2 Impact Mechanism by Species Type 315 12.3 Ecological Impacts of Activities at Various PDP Phases 315 12.3.1 Locational Planning and Preliminary Field Surveys 316 12.3.2 Transportation System Design 319 12.3.3 Construction 319 12.3.4 Operations 319 12.3.5 Maintenance 320 12.4 Performance Goals for Ecological Impact Assessments 320 12.4.1 Diversity of the Physical Base of the Ecosystem 320 12.4.2 State of Habitat Fragmentation 320 12.4.3 Significant Species and Habitats 321 12.4.4 Diversity of Species 321 12.4.5 Ecosystem Stability 321 12.4.6 Ecosystem Quality or Productivity 322 12.5 Procedure for Ecological Impact Assessment 322 12.6 Key Legislation 329 12.6.1 Endangered Species Act of 1973 329 12.6.2 Laws Related to Wetlands and Other Habitats 329 12.7 Mitigation of Ecological Impacts 329 12.7.1 Mitigation at Various Phases of the Project Development Process 331 12.8 Methods and Software Packages for Ecological Impact Assessment 332 12.8.1 Wetland Functional Analysis 332 12.8.2 Hydrogeomorphic Classification Method 333 12.8.3 Habitat Evaluation Procedures Software 334 Summary 334 Exercises 334 References 335 Additional Resources 336 Chapter 13 Impacts on Water Resources 337 Introduction 337 13.1 Categories of Hydrological Impacts 337 13.1.1 Source of Impacts 337 13.1.2 Impact Types 338 13.1.3 Water Source Affected 338 13.1.4 Transportation Mode and Activity 338 13.2 Hydrological Impacts by Transportation Mode 338 13.2.1 Highway Impacts 338 13.2.2 Railway Impacts 339 13.2.3 Air Transportation Impacts 339 13.2.4 Marine Transportation Impacts 341 13.3 Performance Measures for Hydrological Impact Assessment 341 13.3.1 Measures Related to Water Quantity and Flow Patterns 342 13.3.2 Measures Related to Water Quality 342 13.4 Procedure for Water Quality Impact Assessment 343 13.5 Methods for Predicting Impacts on Water Resources 345 13.5.1 Impacts on Water Quantity 345 13.5.2 Impacts on Water Quality 348 13.6 Mitigation of Water Resource Impacts 353 13.6.1 Mitigation Measures by Impact Criterion 353 13.6.2 Mitigation Measures by Nature of Water Source 353 13.6.3 Mitigation Measures by PDP Phase 354 13.6.4 Discussion of Mitigation 354 13.7 Water Quality Standards 354 13.8 Legislation Related to Water Resource Conservation 354 13.9 Software for Water Resources Impact Assessment 355 Summary 355 Exercises 356 References 357 Additional Resources 358 Chapter 14 Visual Impacts 359 Introduction 359 14.1 Principles of Visual Performance 359 14.1.1 General Principles 359 14.1.2 Performance Measures for Visual Performance Assessment 360 14.2 Factors Affecting Visual Performance and Impact Mechanisms 361 14.2.1 Factors 361 14.2.2 Impact Mechanisms 363 14.3 Procedure for Visual Impact Assessment 363 14.4 Legislation Related to Visual Impact 371 14.5 Mitigation of Poor Visual Performance of Existing Facilities 371 14.6 Visual Performance Enhancement: State of Practice 372 14.6.1 Context-Sensitive Design Practices 373 14.6.2 Policies and Guidelines for Visual Performance Preservation and Enhancement 373 14.6.3 Cost of Visual Performance Enhancements 375 Summary 375 Exercises 376 References 376 Additional Resources 377 Chapter 15 Impacts on Energy Use 379 Introduction 379 15.1 Factors that Affect Transportation Energy Consumption 381 15.1.1 Fuel Prices and Taxes 381 15.1.2 Fuel Economy Regulation 381 15.1.3 Vehicle Sales by Class 381 15.1.4 Vehicle Technology 381 15.1.5 Road Geometry 381 15.1.6 Transportation Intervention 382 15.1.7 Other Factors 383 15.2 Energy Intensity 383 15.3 Framework for Energy Impact Analysis 383 15.3.1 Direct Consumption 384 15.3.2 Indirect Consumption 384 15.4 Procedures for Estimating Energy Consumption 386 15.4.1 Macroscopic Assessment: Approach A 386 15.4.2 Project Screening Level Model: Approach B 388 15.4.3 Microscopic Simulation: Approach c 393 15.5 The National Energy Modeling System 397 15.6 Approaches to Energy Consumption Estimation–a Comparison 399 15.7 Energy and Transportation: What the Future Holds 399 Summary 400 Exercises 400 References 401 Additional Resources 401 Chapter 16 Land-use Impacts 403 Introduction 403 16.1 The Transportation–Land-Use Relationship 404 16.1.1 Land-Use Impacts on Transportation 404 16.1.2 Transportation Impacts on Land Use 406 16.1.3 Land-Use Impacts in terms of Monetary Costs 406 16.2 Tools for Analyzing Land-Use Changes 407 16.2.1 Qualitative Tools 408 16.2.2 Quantitative Tools 409 16.3 Procedure for Land-Use Impact Assessment 413 16.4 Case Studies: Land-Use Impact Assessment 419 16.4.1 Evansville-Indianapolis I-69 Highway Project 419 16.4.2 Light-Rail Transit Project 420 Summary 422 Exercises 422 References 423 Chapter 17 Social and Cultural Impacts 427 Introduction 427 17.1 Mechanisms of Transportation Impacts on the Social and Cultural Environments 428 17.1.1 Direct Impacts 428 17.1.2 Indirect Impacts 428 17.1.3 Cumulative Impacts 429 17.2 Target Facilities and Groups, and Performance Measures 429 17.2.1 Target Facilities and Groups 429 17.2.2 Performance Measures 429 17.2.3 The Issue of Poverty Alleviation in Developing Countries 431 17.3 Equity and Environmental Justice Concerns 431 17.3.1 An Example of the Distribution of Project Costs and Benefits 434 17.4 Procedure for Social and Cultural Impact Assessment 435 17.5 Tools for Sociocultural Impact Assessment 439 17.5.1 Qualitative Tools 439 17.5.2 Quantitative Tools 441 17.6 Mitigation of Adverse Sociocultural Impacts 442 17.6.1 Sociocultural Impact Mitigation: State of Practice 442 17.7 Legislation Related to Sociocultural Impacts 443 Summary 444 Exercises 445 References 446 Additional Resources 447 Chapter 18 Evaluation of Transportation Projects and Programs Using Multiple Criteria 449 Introduction 449 18.1 Establishing Weights of Performance Criteria 449 18.1.1 Equal Weighting 449 18.1.2 Direct Weighting 450 18.1.3 Regression-Based Observer-Derived Weighting 450 18.1.4 Delphi Technique 451 18.1.5 Gamble Method 452 18.1.6 Pairwise Comparison of the Performance Criteria 453 18.1.7 Value Swinging Method 455 18.2 Scaling of Performance Criteria 456 18.2.1 Scaling Where Decision Making Is under Certainty 456 18.2.2 Scaling Where Decision Making Is under Risk 458 18.3 Combination of Performance Criteria 462 18.3.1 Combined Mathematical Functions of Value, Utility, or Cost-Effectiveness 462 18.3.2 Ranking and Rating Method 464 18.3.3 Maxmin Approach 465 18.3.4 Impact Index Method 466 18.3.5 Pairwise Comparison of Transportation Alternatives Using Ahp 467 18.3.6 Mathematical Programming 469 18.3.7 Pairwise Comparison of Alternatives Using the Outranking Method 472 18.4 Case Study: Evaluating Alternative Projects for a Transportation Corridor Using Multiple Criteria 473 18.5 General Considerations of Risk and Uncertainty in Evaluation 475 18.5.1 The Case of Certainty: Using Sensitivity Analysis 475 18.5.2 The Case of Objective Risk: Using Probability Distributions and Simulation 476 18.5.3 The Case of Uncertainty 477 Summary 479 Exercises 479 References 481 Additional Resources 481 Chapter 19 Use of Geographical and other Information Systems 483 Introduction 483 19.1 Hardware for Information Management 483 19.2 Software and Other Tools for Information Management 483 19.2.1 Non-GIS Relational Database Management Systems 483 19.2.2 Geographical Information Systems 484 19.2.3 Internet GIS 486 19.2.4 Video Log Information Management Systems 487 19.3 GIS Applications in Transportation Systems Evaluation 487 19.3.1 Query, Display, and Visualization of Initial Data 488 19.3.2 Buffer Analysis 488 19.3.3 Overlay Analysis 489 19.3.4 Analysis of Transportation Operations 489 19.3.5 Public Input in Transportation System Evaluation 489 19.3.6 Multicriteria Decision Making 490 19.4 Existing Databases and Information Systems 490 19.4.1 Information Systems and Data Items Available by Transportation Mode 490 19.4.2 General Databases Useful for Transportation Systems Evaluation 494 19.5 GIS-Based Software Packages for Information Management 495 Summary 495 Exercises 496 References 496 Chapter 20 Transportation Programming 497 Introduction 497 20.1 Roles of Programming 497 20.1.1 Optimal Investment Decisions 498 20.1.2 Trade-off Considerations 498 20.1.3 Linkage to Budgeting 498 20.1.4 Efficiency in Program and Project Delivery 498 20.1.5 Monitoring and Feedback 498 20.2 Procedure for Programming Transportation Projects 499 20.3 Programming Tools 504 20.3.1 Priority Setting 504 20.3.2 Heuristic Optimization 506 20.3.3 Mathematical Programming 506 20.4 Case Studies: Transportation Programming 512 20.4.1 Programming Process at a State Transportation Agency 513 20.4.2 Programming Process at a Metropolitan Area Level 515 20.5 Keys to Successful Programming and Implementation 518 20.5.1 Link between Planning and Programming 518 20.5.2 Uncertainties Affecting Transportation Programming 519 20.5.3 Intergovernmental Relationships 519 20.5.4 Equity Issues in Programming 519 Summary 520 Exercises 520 References 522 Additional Resources 523 General Appendix 1: Cost Indices 525 General Appendix 2: Performance Measures 527 Index 537

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Book SynopsisThe principles and concepts for unsaturated soils are developed as extensions of saturated soils. Addresses problems where soils have a matric suction or where pore--water pressure is negative. Covers theory, measurement and use of the fundamental properties of unsaturated soils----permeability, shear strength and volume change.Trade Review"I expect that "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics inEngineering Practice" will remain an essential reference foreducators, researchers and practitioners for a long time tocome." (Geotechnical News, 1 December 2012)Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction to Unsaturated Soil Mechanics 1 Chapter 2 Phase Properties and Relations 20 Chapter 3 Stress State Variables 38Chapter 4 Measurements of Soil Suction 64 Chapter 5 Flow Laws 107 Chapter 6 Measurement of Permeability 124 Chapter 7 Steady-State Flow 150 Chapter 8 Pore Pressure Parameters 178 Chapter 9 Shear Strength Theory 217 Chapter 10 Measurement of Shear Strength Parameters 260 Chapter 11 Plastic and Limit Equilibrium 297 Chapter 12 Volume Change Theory 346 Chapter 13 Measurements of Volume Change Indices 374 Chapter 14 Volume Change Predictions 397 Chapter 15 One-Dimensional Consolidation and Swelling 419 Chapter 16 Two- and Three-Dimensional Unsteady-State Flow and Nonisothermal Analyses 440 Appendix A Units and Symbols 479 Appendix B Theoretical Justification for Stress State Variables 483 References 490 About the Authors 508 Index 510

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Book SynopsisThe Manchester Physics Series General Editors: D. J. Sandiford; F. Mandl; A. C. Phillips Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester Properties of Matter B. H. Flowers and E. Mendoza Optics Second Edition F. G. Smith and J. H. Thomson Statistical Physics Second Edition F. Mandl Electromagnetism Second Edition I. S. Grant and W. R. Phillips Statistics R. J. Barlow Solid State Physics Second Edition J. R. Hook and H. E. Hall Quantum Mechanics F. Mandl Particle Physics Second Edition B. R. Martin and G. Shaw The Physics of Stars Second Edition A.C. Phillips Computing for Scientists R. J. Barlow and A. R. Barnett Written by a physicist, Statistics is tailored to the needs of physical scientists, containing and explaining all they need to know. It concentrates on parameter estimation, especially the methods of Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood, but other techniques, such as hypothesis testing, Bayesian statistics and non-parametric methods are also included. Intended foTable of ContentsUsing Statistics. Describing the Data. Theoretical Distributions. Errors. Estimation. Least Squares. Probability and Confidence. Taking Decisions. Ranking Methods. Notes for Number Crunchers. Bibliography. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by leading international scientists the Handbook of Conductive Molecules and Polymers covers a vast range of organic materials, their chemical and physical properties, technology, and applications. Drawing on two decades of pioneering research, this is the first book to emphasise the multidisciplinary nature of the subject. As the subject continues to evolve it has an inevitable impact on related fields. Hence the publication of this work--the first multi-disciplinary handbook of conductive molecules and polymers.Table of ContentsVolume 4 Transport in Conducting PolymersE. Conwell Charge Transport in Conducting PolymersR. Menon Photochemical Processes of Conductive PolymersM. Abdou and S. Holdcroft Photorefractive PolymersL. Yu, et al. Electropolymerized Phthalocyanines and Their ApplicationsT. Guarr Characterization and Applications of Poly(p-phenylene) and Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)C. Kvarnstrom and A. Ivaska Artificial Muscles, Electrodissolution and Redox Processes in Conducting PolymersT. Otero Conducting Polymers for Batteries, Supercapacitors and Optical DevicesC. Arbizzani, et al. Photoelectric Conversion by Polymeric and Organic MaterialsM. Kaneko Index

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Book SynopsisOriginally a training course; best nontechnical coverage. Topics include batteries, circuits, conductors, AC and DC, inductance and capacitance, generators, motors, transformers, amplifiers, etc. Many questions with answers. 349 illustrations. 1969 edition.

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Book SynopsisThis volume''s focus on the design of computer controlled systems features computational tools that can be applied directly and are explained with simple paper-and-pencil calculations. The use of computational tools is balanced by strong emphasis on control system principles and ideas. Extensive pedagogical aids include worked examples, MATLAB macros, and a solutions manual.

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Book SynopsisBasic Processes of Gaseous Electronics is an advanced exploration into the field of gaseous electronics, building upon the foundational work presented in the author's earlier book, Fundamental Processes of Electrical Discharge in Gases (1939). The earlier book provided a comprehensive review of the subject, addressing gaps in knowledge and methodology that had emerged over decades of research. The current volume acknowledges the transformative advances in technology, theory, and experimental methods made over the intervening fifteen years, including innovations in microwave techniques, short-duration pulsed potentials, and high-speed oscilloscopes. These developments have enabled deeper insights into phenomena such as electron-energy distributions, ionization, recombination, and the mechanisms underlying electrical discharge. This book incorporates significant theoretical and experimental progress, including refinements in the kinetic theory of nonequilibrium gases and analyses of e

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Book SynopsisThe understanding of how small solid particles operate at liquid interfaces is minimal. This book brings together the topics actively being investigated, with contributions from experts in the field. It will be of interest to researchers in chemistry, physics, chemical engineering, pharmacy, food science and materials science.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: '… for researches already working in the area of colloidal particles at liquid interfaces, and also for those who want to enter this fascinating field, this book is a must.' Angewandte ChemieTable of Contents1. Particles at liquid interfaces - an introduction B. P. Binks and T. S. Horozov; 2. Structure and formation of particle monolayers at liquid interfaces L. Bergström; 3. Theory for interactions between particles in monolayers J. C. Fernández-Toledano, A. Moncho-Jordá, F. Martínez-López and R. Hidalgo-Álvarez; 4. Particle-assisted wetting W. A. Goedel; 5. Particle-laden interfaces: rheology, coalescence, adhesion and buckling G. G. Fuller, E. J. Stancik and S. Melle; 6. Solids-stabilized emulsions: a review R. J. G. Lopetinksy, J. H. Masliyah and Z. Xu; 7. Novel materials derived from particles assembled on liquid surfaces K. P. Velikov and O. D. Velev; 8. Interfacial particles in food emulsions and foams E. Dickinson; 9. Collection and attachment of particles by air bubbles in froth flotation A. V. Nguyen, R. J. Pugh and G. J. Jameson; 10. Antifoam effects of solid particles, oil drops and oil-solid compounds in aqueous foams N. D. Denkov and K. G. Marinova; 11. Metal foams: towards high temperature colloid chemistry N. Babcsán and J. Banhart.

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Book SynopsisThis book of thermodynamic tables for students is presented in the widely used SI (metric) unit system and is an updated version of the previous edition. In addition to steam and refrigerant tables, the book includes a table of molar enthalpies of gases at low pressure, a series of thermochemical tables, tables giving thermodynamic properties of air at low temperatures (for use in gas liquifaction and refrigeration calculations at cryogenic temperatures) and tables of transport properties of various fluids. A number of appendices define all units used in the tables and give both exact and approximate conversion factors to British units and to some non-SI units. In this new edition of the book, Mr Haywood has made a major change in the table of equilibrium constants, to suit more generally accepted practice. Definitions of the basic SI units have also been updated. This book will be of great use to all students studying engineering and science subjects and, in particular, mechanical engTable of ContentsPreface; Preface to the third edition; General data; 1. Thermochemical tables; 2. Steam tables; 3. Refrigerant tables; 4. Air at low temperatures; 5. Transport properties of various fluids; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisComparing and combining data from internationally renowned research groups, this is the only up-to-date book on spouted bed research and practice. Guiding the reader through new developments, insights and models, this is a valuable resource for chemical and mechanical engineers in research and industry.Table of ContentsPreface; Common nomenclature; 1. Introduction N. Epstein and J. Grace; 2. Initiation of spouting X. Bi; 3. Empirical and analytical hydrodynamics N. Epstein; 4. Computational fluid dynamic modeling of spouted beds X. Bao, W. Du and J. Xu; 5. Conical spouted beds M. Olazar, J. Bilbao and M. J. San José; 6. Hydrodynamics of spout-fluid beds W. Zhong, B. Jin, M. Zhang and R. Xiao; 7. Spouted and spout-fluid beds with draft tubes M. H. Morgan, III, H. Littman, Z. B. Grbavčić and J. D. Paccione; 8. Particle mixing and segregation G. Rovero and N. Piccinini; 9. Heat and mass transfer A. Kmiec and S. Englart; 10. Powder-particle spouted beds T. Ishikura and H. Nagashima; 11. Drying of particulate solids M. L. Passos, E. F. Costa, Jr and A. S. Mujumdar; 12. Drying of solutions, slurries and pastes J. T. Freire, M. C. Ferreira and F. B. Freire; 13. Granulation and particle coating S. C. S. Rocha and O. P. Taranto; 14. The Wurster coater J. Seville, S. Palmer and A. Ingram; 15. Gasification, pyrolysis and combustion A. P. Watkinson and A. Lisboa; 16. Spouted bed electrochemical reactors J. W. Evans and V. Jiřičný; 17. Scale-up, slot-rectangular and multiple spouting J. Grace and C. J. Lim; 18. Mechanical spouting T. Szentmarjay, E. Pillai and Judit Tóth; 19. Catalytic reactors and their modeling G. Rovero and N. Piccinini; 20. Liquid and liquid-gas spouting Z. B. Grbavčić, H. Littman and M. H. Morgan, III; Index.

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Book SynopsisNotable advances of the last quarter-century have deepened our appreciation of the three-dimensional nature of the ocean''s large-scale circulation. This circulation has important implications for ocean chemistry and biology, atmospheric science, and climate. Ocean Circulation in Three Dimensions surveys both observations and theories of the time-mean circulation, enabling readers to see the relevance and limitations of leading theories, as well as the patterns linking the behavior of different oceans. The book covers classical topics of horizontal circulation, and expands them to include shallow wind-driven overturning, the deep global conveyer belt, high latitudes, the role of eddies, and the ocean''s role in heat transport. Solutions to exercises are available online for instructor use. This textbook is ideal for students of physical oceanography, chemical oceanography and climate. It is also suitable for readers from related fields as it includes a summary of introductory topics.Table of Contents1. Physical oceanography: methods and dynamical framework; 2. Rotating and shallow water flow; 3. Two-dimensional horizontal circulation; 4. Surface and mixed layer properties; 5. Depth-dependent gyre circulation; 6. Equatorial circulation, shallow overturning, and up-welling; 7. Eddies and small scale mixing; 8. Deep meridional overturning; 9. The Southern Ocean nexus; 10. Arctic circulation; 11. Heat flux, freshwater flux, and climate; Appendix A. Data sources; Appendix B. Vector calculus and spherical coordinates; Appendix C. Tables of notation and useful values; References; Index.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisMobile web services are designed to provide access to web content anywhere, any time. This book describes the key network elements, software components, and software protocols that are needed to realize these services, including the concept of user context and its potential to create personalized services.Trade Review'The book is written in easy, understandable English, with many valuable pictures visualizing the content of the book. There are a lot of good source code examples complementing the content of the book. Each chapter ends with references and supplemental reading related to the content of the chapter. I would recommend the book for students interested in wireless services and networks, mobile network managers, and as a good introduction to the subject for engineers interested in designing Web services in wireless networks.' IEEE Communications MagazineTable of Contents1. The wireless web landscape; 2. Wireless system architecture; 3. Wireless terminals and wireless content; 4. User mobility and location management; 5. Wireless network security; 6. Personalization and privacy; 7. Ontologies and RDF Schema; 8. Ontology of mobile user context; 9. XSLT for web content presentation; 10. Mobile web network; 11. Context-aware tourist information system.

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Book SynopsisThis book, first published in 2004, is an expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Tom Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits. A new chapter on the principles of wireless systems provides a bridge between system and circuit issues. The chapters on low-noise amplifiers, oscillators and phase noise have been significantly expanded. The chapter on architectures now contains several examples of complete chip designs, including a GPS receiver and a wireless LAN transceiver, that bring together the theoretical and practical elements involved in producing a prototype chip. Every section has been revised and updated with findings in the field and the book is packed with physical insights and design tips, and includes a historical overview that sets the whole field in context. With hundreds of circuit diagrams and homework problems this is an ideal textbook for students taking courses on RF design and a valuable reference for practising engineers.Trade Review'Tom Lee has written a terrific book. Everyone that visits my office wants to borrow it, and I tell them to go buy their own.' David Rutledge, California Institute of Technology'Tom Lee's love of, and deep involvement in, radio-frequency integrated circuits is immediately obvious upon glancing through this excellent and original book. Some of his viewpoints are controversial; but this, in fact, makes this stimulating, hard-to-put-down book all the more interesting.' Yannis Tsividis, Columbia University'The first edition of this book, published in 1998, was a pioneering textbook on the field of RF CMOS design. This second edition is a very interesting and upgraded version that includes new material and revised topics … This second edition, which is upgraded and improved, is really useful, both in the industry and academia, for the new generation of RF engineers … and is a valuable reference for practising engineers …' IEEE Circuits and Devices MagazineTable of Contents1. A nonlinear history of radio; 2. Overview of wireless principles; 3. Passive RLC networks; 4. Characteristics of passive IC components; 5. A review of MOS device physics; 6. Distributed systems; 7. The Smith chart and S-parameters; 8. Bandwidth estimation techniques; 9. High-frequency amplifier design; 10. Voltage references and biasing; 11. Noise; 12. LNA design; 13. Mixers; 14. Feedback systems; 15. RF power amplifiers; 16. Phase-locked loops; 17. Oscillators and synthesizers; 18. Phase noise; 19. Architectures; 20. RF circuits through the ages.

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Book SynopsisBoth beer and wine have histories spanning thousands of years. This is the first book to compare them from the perspectives of history, technology, the market for each, and the effect that they have on human health and nutrition.Trade Review"Wine results from a shaky art, beer from a stately science asserts Charles Bamforth who guides the reader through the history and production of both from vine to vintage, and barley to beer bubbles. So why is it that in countries such as the United States wine is revered as sophisticated and beer dismissed as common? In pondering such questions Grape vs. Grain offers humorous as well as penetrating insights into two of the world's favorite beverages." –Kenneth Kiple, Author of A Movable Feast"Which do you prefer, Beer or Wine? Irrespective of your response, this highly entertaining and informative text is a valued reference for wine and beer aficionados. It will give you a much better insight and appreciation of both. Charlie Bamforth, Chair Department of Food Science and Technology and Anheuser-Busch Endowed Professor of Malting and Brewing Sciences, is well qualified to discuss wine and beer. It is obvious which one is his first love, but he demonstrates impressive knowledge and profound respect for professionals in both fields and their efforts. He has comparable disdain for inferior products, tacky marketing ploys, and intemperate consumption. He rightfully laments beer's second class image and presents compelling counter arguments. From the history and tradition to modern developments and health benefits--both good and bad--Charlie provides a fascinating, reasonably objective comparison of beer and wine. The complex technical details (more so beer than wine) are presented in easily understandable language; even the lay reader can grasp the whys and wherefore from raw material to consumption. There's an instructive mix of technology, history, geography, sociology, medicine, economics, even politics. So be it beer or wine, using Charlie's guidelines for selection and tasting, savor your favorite - slowly, thoughtfully, and in moderation. But don't neglect the alternate beverage or unfamiliar styles; you'll learn much and be pleasantly surprised." - Robert Bates, University of Florida"Many great books have been written about wine, and many about beer, but until now there has been no comprehensive work comparing the two. Charles Bamforth’s Grapes and Grain delves into the social history and technology of both wine and beer, and out of this yeasty mix, provocative insights flow. Bamforth gives the edge to brewed beverages, but wine connoisseurs will be fascinated, and everybody will enjoy his infectious enthusiasm." - Andrew F. Smith, Editor in chief, The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink"Grape vs. Grain offers a thorough, comparative look at mankind’s two most beloved and culturally significant beverages that will surely change the mind of anyone who thinks of beer as wine’s less-sophisticated ‘poor relation’. Charles Bamforth’s jovial approach to the subject is as clean and refreshing as a Blanche de Bruges on a hot summer day. Not only did I learn a lot from this book, I enjoyed reading it too; I’d love to sit down and share a pint with its author!" -Alan Tardi, Author of Romancing the Vine (Winner of the 2006 James Beard Best Wine and Spirits Book)"...readers will find that the book presents a wealth of interesting material that will correct a number of common myths about the subject of beer and wine." Agricultural History, David Hanson, University of North-Carolina- Chapel Hill"...good in covering the technical side of both wine making and beer brewing..." -GastronomicaTable of Contents1. Beer and wine: some social commentary; 2. A brief history of wine; 3. A brief history of beer; 4. How wine is made; 5. How beer is made; 6. The quality of wine; 7. The quality of beer; 8. Types of wine; 9. Types of beer; 10. The healthfulness of wine and beer; 11. Conclusions about beer and wine - and the future.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisBritains favourite steeplejack and industrial enthusiastic, the late Fred Dibnah, takes us back to the 18th century when the invention of the steam engine gave an enormous impetus to the development of machinery of all types. He reveals how the steam engine provided the first practical means of generating power from heat to augment the old sources of power (from muscle, wind and water) and provided the main source of power for the Industrial Revolution. In Fred Dibnahs Age of Steam Fred shares his passion for steam and meets some of the characters who devote their lives to finding, preserving and restoring steam locomotives, traction engines and stationary engines, mill workings and pumps. Combined with this will be the stories of central figures of the time, including James Watts - inventor of the steam engine - and Richard Trevithick who played a key role in the expansion of industrial Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries.Trade Review"Fred Dibnah's Age of Steam was reviewed by the Good Book Guide (1 July) who called it "A loving testimony to a seemingly lost era of beautiful machines and elegant engineering"."

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Book SynopsisThis manual, a companion to the book Reinforced Concrete, also by Ray, covers the design of structural steelwork elements in a logical, step-by-step fashion. The text is backed up by numerous illustrations, design charts and tables, and refers throughout to the relevant codes of practice. A large number of worked examples cover almost all types of structural steelwork elements, including more advanced techniquesTable of ContentsStrength of materials; Theory of structures; Analysis of structures: worked examples; Design of structures; Design of struts; Design of ties; Design of composite beams and columns; Connections in steelwork; Corrosion protection; Material properties.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an introductory text for students in built environment disciplines, as well as those who manage or own historic properties, and those embarking upon architectural conservation professionally. It is designed to give an understanding of the main principles, materials and problems in the field of conservation and it features a number of case studies.Trade Review"This is a sound introductory basis for those embarking on the study of architectural conservation and can be recommended to anyone thinking of joining the profession." (Journal of Architectural Conservation, November 2008) "Outlines the importance of architectural conservation on our society." (UK Construction) Table of ContentsPreface Part I Theory and Principles 1 Introduction 3 What is architectural conservation? 3 Why conserve? 3 Architectural conservation 5 Conservation as a profession 6 Professional roles in building conservation 7 Craft skills 10 Studies in building conservation 10 Professional accreditation 11 Working internationally 11 Structure of the book 12 2 International and historic context of conservation 15 Historic context 16 The symbolic and nostalgic connotations of historic monuments 16 ‘Restoration’ in the nineteenth century 17 The search for authenticity 17 Conservation in the twentieth century 20 Built heritage as a symbol of national identity 20 International conservation charters 21 The non-Western perspective 23 The urban conservation movement 25 UNESCO and the World Heritage Convention 26 Shifting emphases 28 Conservation-led regeneration 29 The industrial heritage 29 The legacy of the twentieth century 31 Cultural landscapes 32 Intangible heritage 33 Integrated approaches 35 Summary and conclusion 35 3 Theoretical framework and conservation principles 37 Values and definitions 38 A values-based approach 38 Terms and definitions 46 Principles, philosophy and guidance 50 Ethics in conservation 51 Principles 52 Summary and conclusion 63 4 Legislation, Policy and Guidance 66 Decision making in conservation 67 International level 67 National level 68 Local level 69 Non-governmental organisations and amenity societies 71 The private sector and property owners 72 Public participation 73 Statutory protection 74 Archaeological sites and ancient monuments 75 Monuments and buildings of architectural and historic significance 76 Area-based designation (conservation areas) 81 Historic gardens and landscapes 84 Other forms of control and legislation that impact on historic buildings 86 Summary and conclusion 87 Part II Principles Into Practice 5 Managing conservation 91 Survey and analysis 91 Understanding 91 Research 94 Survey 95 Specialist investigations 96 Information management 97 Making and evaluating proposals 98 Conservation management plans 98 Impact assessment 100 Project implementation 102 Financing conservation 102 Construction contracts for conservation 103 Implementation on site 104 Managing historic properties 105 Maintenance planning 105 Risk assessment and preparedness 108 Access management 108 Summary and conclusion 110 6 Causes of decay, environmental services and structures in conservation 112 Causes of decay 112 Climatic causes 113 Biological and botanical causes 115 Natural disasters 115 Human beings 118 Managing environmental conditions in historic buildings 120 Designing for and locating services in historic buildings 122 Heating and cooling 123 Improving environmental performance 125 Lighting historic buildings 125 Fire protection 128 Structural conservation 130 Structural failure 130 Understanding and analysing structures 131 Repair and conservation of historic structures 133 Summary and conclusion 135 7 Conservation of materials 137 Earth structures 139 Building in earth 139 Causes of decay and failure 141 Principles and techniques of repair 142 Thatch 143 Thatching 143 Causes of decay 144 Principles and techniques of repair 144 Timber 145 Building with timber 145 Causes of decay and failure 148 Principles and techniques of repair 149 Stone 152 Building with stone 152 Causes of decay and deterioration 154 Principles and techniques of repair 155 Bricks and clay roof tiles 159 Building in brick 159 Causes of decay and failure 160 Principles and techniques of repair 160 Tiles, faience and terracotta 163 Tiles, faience and terracotta on buildings 163 Causes of decay and failure 165 Principles and techniques of repair 166 Structural metals 166 Structural use of metals in buildings 166 Causes of decay and failure 168 Principles and techniques of repair 169 Sheet metals 169 Sheet metals in buildings 169 Causes of decay and failure 169 Principles and techniques of repair 170 Glass 172 Renders, plasters and mortars 172 Renders, plasters and mortars in building 172 Causes of decay and failure 174 Principles and techniques of repair 174 Concrete 175 Building in concrete 175 Causes of decay and failure 175 Principles and techniques of repair 175 Plastics and resins 176 Finishes 177 Materials used for coatings and finishes 177 Principles and techniques of conservation 178 Cleaning surfaces 181 Summary and conclusion 182 8 Regeneration, reuse and design in the historic environment 185 Urban regeneration 185 Conservation-led regeneration 185 Urban conservation 187 Economic viability 191 Adaptive reuse 194 Design in the historic environment 197 The context of townscape 197 Architectural interventions 198 Summary and conclusion 206 Conclusion 208 Glossary 211 Bibliography 215 Index 221

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the Theodore Saloutos Memorial Award, Agricultural History Society""Honorable Mention for the Vincent P. DeSantis Book Prize, Society for Historians of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era""Co-Winner of the Silver Medal in Business Commentary, Axiom Business Book Awards""One Smithsonian's Ten Best Books About Food of 2019"

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Book SynopsisThis volume identifies and evaluates the relationship between outer-space geography and geographic position (astrogeography), and the evolution of current and future military space strategy. In doing so, it explores five primary propositions.Table of Contentsintellectually grounded in the best tradition of geopolitics, has something genuinely new to say, and makes vital contributions to the dialogue between the interrelationships between space and national security ... A stunning intellectual achievement and the first book that can legitimately claim to present a comprehensive theory of space power -- Air and Space Power Journal" ... groundbreaking and will definitely command attention ... a daring and forward-looking book ... one of the most daring and exciting books to be written on this subject"- Comparative StrategyMr B. Haggman, Centre for Research on Geopolitics"presents one of the most important contributions, also one of the first, in the field"Defense Review"Outstanding literature relevant to policy on outer space is rare. More often than not, the policy maker dealing with space matters has to trawl through narrow and dry technical tomes, or fantastical speculation of no relevance whatsoever. As an excellent example of relevant writing on outer space policy, Everett Dolman"s Astropolitik is most welcome...highly recommended and rewarding read for anyone interested in current thinking on the direction of US military and civil space policy, and how such thinking might affect space policy in Britain."RUSI Journal"a timely cascade of grand-strategic thought""A timely text that examines the theoretical, political and policy structures of space. ...Required reading for serious space-power advocates, this book will dominate the field of space theory."- Aerospace Power Chronicles

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Book SynopsisThis is the first full-length book to cover repair and restoration of these attractive and often valuable antiques, including their casework. The first part outlines how to clean and service the clock 'works' and also how to refurbish the dial, while in the second part restoration or casework, both structural repairs and finishing, is considered.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the appropriateness of procurement strategies in certain situations. It argues that organisations should develop strategically aligned supply chains to deliver predictable and sustained performance improvements and asserts that the assumption that one approach is appropriate to manage all cirumstances is flawed.It provides a framework to help organisations develop segmented approaches in the management of their construction supply chains built on ''fit-for-purpose'' relationships. Flowing from this, the appropriateness of operational tools and techniques to effectively manage the critical processes in supply relationship management are also analysed.TTable of ContentsIntroduction: on the appropriateness of Strategy and Operational Practice in Construction Procurement Section A: The UK Construction Industry in Context Section B: Better practice Case Studies in the Effective Management of Construction Procurement Section C: Better Practice Operational Tools and Techniques for Effective Construction Procurement Section D: Towards a Theoretical and Practical Synthesis

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Book SynopsisDrawing on the latest research and the extensive experience of the authors, this book is the first to span the spectrum of state-of-the-art knowledge in tunnel fire safety science and engineering.Table of ContentsSECTION 1 - Real tunnel fires SECTION 2 - Prevention and protection SECTION 3 - Tunnel fire dynamics SECTION 4 - Fire safety management and human factors SECTION 5 - Emergency procedure SECTION 6 - Tunnel fire safety decision making SECTION 7 - Special topics

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Book SynopsisStadium and Arena Design recognises the importance of the multidisciplinary approach required to design, build and run modern, international stadiums. Bringing together a broad range of knowledge from specialists in each of the key areas of stadium and arena design, this book provides up-to-date, practical guidance for professionals in the field, researchers and students.Building on the success of the award-winning Stadium Engineering, this second edition has been fully updated for the contemporary demands of the sporting facilities industry. Stadium and Arena Design begins with a tour through the evolution of stadium design from the Eighth Century BC to present-day achievements in sporting arenas, including the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup. Coverage includes in-depth analysis and explanation of all aspects of design and construction, from site appraisal and material technologies to crowd circulation and signage. New and updated chapters to tTable of ContentsI. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Evolution of Stadium and Arena Engineering Integrating Stadium Developments into Existing Urban Environments Symbiosis and Advanced Technologies II. SPECIALIST SKILLS Stadium Site Appraisal Stadium Circulation: Transport planning and crowd control Engineering Secure Stadia Blast Engineering in Stadia Stadium Fire Safety Design Stadium Signage Dynamics of Stadium Structures Stadium Acoustics Stadium Refurbishment, Investigation and Repair III. ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION Visualisation and Design Tools in Stadium Development Concrete Technology in Stadia Development Formwork for Precast/Prestressed Stadium Components Steel in Stadium Engineering Facade Engineering Lightweight Structures IV. CASE STUDIES Case study: American Express Community Stadium, Brighton, UK Case study: London Olympic Stadium, UK Case study: Beijing Olympic Stadium URLs Case study: Marlin's Park retractable roof, Miami Case study: Velociudad Speedcity Circuit Case Study: West Haymarket Arena, Nebraska Case study: Pune International Cricket Stadium

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Book SynopsisThis book comprehensively covers the theories governing the membrane and bending behaviour of thin elastic shells. Through a detailed examination of the mathematical solutions, the treatment reveals important insights on the mechanics of the shell, allowing the designer to make more informed choices.

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Book SynopsisInitial Professional Development for Civil Engineers provides a core foundation of information on skills, knowledge and understanding, on which the development of every professional civil engineer, and their preparation for professional reviews, is based.

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Book SynopsisBlast Effects on Buildings showcases the latest practical guidance on designing buildings to optimise their resilience to blast loading. Focused specifically on the design of commercial buildings, it is an indispensable guide to help engineers reduce the risks posed to building occupants and businesses from terrorist attacks and other explosions.Trade Reviewhis edition is a fine update of a well-known, authoritative introduction to engineering buildings to resist blast effects. Notable is its coverage of underwater explosions and response of concrete-steel sandwich panels, subjects not normally found in comparable books. In addition to providing several empirical approaches for blast pressure determination, this edition also includes a useful introduction to sophisticated computational fluid dynamics for blast effects analyses. Further, the coverage of critical glazing design is much more advanced than is found in comparable books. I recommend this book as a comprehensive introduction to blast resistant design. -- Donald O. Dusenberry, Consulting Principal at Simpson Gumpertz & HegerThe first two editions of “Blast Effects on Buildings” seamlessly complemented the ASCE publications “Blast Protection of Buildings” and “Structural Design for Physical Security” with practical applications of protective design methods to practical design scenarios. I was therefore pleased to see the recently published third edition expand upon the excellent guidance and commentary for several important topics. Among these topics are much needed guidance on the limitations of simplified Single Degree of Freedom methods for blast analysis and a discussion of near field response. Additional information is provided for steelwork and concrete reinforcement detailing, glass resistance functions and façade framing design. Additional guidance is provided for both tie force and alternate load path methods to prevent disproportional collapse and information is provided to mitigate hostile vehicle impact. This third edition very concisely represents the current state of the practice. Since ASCE will soon offer new editions to both their publications on blast resistant protective design, it is only fitting that “Blast Effects on Buildings” was similarly updated. -- Robert Smilowitz, PhD, P.E., Senior Principal, Thornton Tomasetti, Inc.

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Book SynopsisBasic Water Treatment is an essential resource for water engineers at all levels - a textbook for students, a handbook for engineers or chemists who are new to the industry, and an indispensable guide full of updated practical information for the established practitioner.

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Book SynopsisThis special issue of Civil Engineering is about programme managing the GBP14.8 billion Crossrail project to deliver the new east-west Elizabeth line railway across London. Jointly published by the Institution of Civil Engineers and the Association of Project Management, it is part of an initiative by the delivery team to share its experiences and learnings for the benefit of the industry and future projects.

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