Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

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Book SynopsisThis work is an account of the pioneering days of hydro-electricity in Scotland. It shows how each hydro project brought its own set of technical challenges, underlining the remarkable engineering achievements involved in bringing hydro-electric power to the wild glens of the Scottish Highlands. It concludes by looking at the future of hydro-electric power worldwide. Is hydro-electric power the sustainable technology of choice in a new century already riven with ecological angst.Trade ReviewMixing human interest, political details and some of the more technical aspects...the book charts the factual development while telling the personal story... THE PRESS AND JOURNALNobody should forget the human sacrifice made by those who built the dams all those years ago. The politicians, engineers and navvies of the era bequeathed to us the major source of renewable energy down to the present day. Their legacy will continue to serve us far into the 21st century. - BRIAN WILSON MP, Energy Minister

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Book SynopsisMallard & its fellow A4-Pacifics is a story of Britain learning from the USA, Germany, Finland, France and other countries, then building on what had been done for more speed - and winning. By the mid 1930s, speed gripped people’s minds. Railways found themselves caught up in this too. Trying to do something about it, they, sought ideas in Germany and France.

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Book SynopsisThis is a story about a railway that couldn't make up its mind. For years they argued over what sort of locomotives to use. There were those who wanted to carry on in their old ways with small, boring locomotives that would need help from one or two others for climbing hills. Then there were those who were looking at the other side of Britain and seeing Nigel Gresley's powerful and attractive 'Pacifics' and thinking they should have the same. The trouble was they had no-one who could design one like it.

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Book SynopsisWhy Forests? Why Wood? explores the fundamental values that constitute sustainable forestry and what that means to society.

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Book SynopsisThis is a revised guide of Alun John Richards'' Gazetteer of Slate Quarrying in Wales of 2007, itself a revision of his first one published in 1991. The guide does not purport to be totally complete although as complete as possible with 769 entries.

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Book SynopsisGAIA, named after the ancient Greek mother-goddess, is the notion that the Earth and the life on it form an active, self-maintaining whole. By its use of personification it attacks the view that the physical world is inert and lifeless. It has a scientific side, as shown by the new university departments of earth science which bring biology and geology together to study the continuity of the cycle. It also has a visionary or spiritual aspect. What the contributors to this book believe is needed is to bring these two angles together. With global warming now an accepted fact, the lessons of GAIA have never been more relevant and urgent.

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Book SynopsisThe Renewable Energy Home Handbook is biased towards the practical, and covers the installation of all leading types of alternative domestic energy sources - from ground- and air-source heat pumps, PV solar electricity generation and solar water heating, to bio-mass domestic heating systems and wind turbines. Discussing the pros and cons of each technology, it also provides you with a clear overview of what's genuinely required and the benefits to be gained from each system. The author, Lindsay Porter, is best known for his books on motor vehicle technology, making car mechanics and body repairs easy to understand and carry out. But alternative energy and conservation have long been a passion for him and his wife, Shan, so this manual is very much a labour of love. Here, Lindsay applies his commitment to making difficult subjects easy for everyone to understand to the money-saving - planet-saving - systems we can apply to our homes.Table of Contents1. Introduction to renewable energy: WHAT'S INSIDE THIS MANUAL; DOWNSIDES TO RENEWABLES; BE A CLEVER CUSTOMER; UPSIDES TO RENEWABLES; PAYBACK (Feed-in Tariffs etc.) 2. INSULATION & ENERGY SAVING. Reduce need and make generation simpler and cheaper. 3. LIVING OFF-GRID - AN OVERVIEW 4. SOLAR WATER HEATING. Easily the most reliable and cost effective of all micro-generation systems. Options explained and installations followed step-by-step. 5. BIO-MASS Room heaters and central heating systems, inc. wood pellet and logs. Options explained and an installation followed step-by-step. 6. SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION Installation and use of PV (photo-voltaic) panels. Options explained (inc. feed-in vs. batteries and inverters) and an installation followed step-by-step. 7. WIND TURBINES Options explained (inc. feed-in vs. batteries and inverters) and installations followed step-by-step. 8. HEAT PUMPS, AIR- & GROUND-SOURCE. Options explained and typical installations followed step-by-step. Uses in both heating and air conditioning. House heating equipment requirements - radiator types needed, etc. 9. OTHERS: DOMESTIC TECHNOLOGIES: Exercise bike generator, Fuel cells, Heat Recovery, Micro-CHP (micro combined heat and power), Micro Hydro Power, SVO (Straight Vegetable Oil) Generator. LARGE-SCALE: Anaerobic Digestion, Wave Power CH10 Safety & Tools

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Book SynopsisNutrition is a very broad discipline, encompassing biochemistry, physiology, endocrinology, immunology, microbiology and pathology. Presenting the major principles of nutrition of both domestic and wild animals, this book takes a comparative approach, recognising that there are considerable differences in nutrient digestion, metabolism and requirements among various mammalian and avian species. Explaining species differences in food selection, food-seeking and digestive strategies and their significance to nutritional needs, chapters cover a broad range of topics including digestive physiology, metabolic disorders and specific nutrients such as carbohydrates proteins and lipids, with particular attention being paid to nutritional and metabolic idiosyncrasies. It is an essential text for students of animal and veterinary sciences.Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction and Digestive Tract Physiology 1: Introduction 2: Digestive Physiology: Autoenzymatic Digestors 3: Digestive Physiology: Alloenzymatic Digestors Part II: Protein, Amino Acid and Nitrogen Metabolism 4: Protein and Amino Acid Structures and Properties 5: Protein Digestion 6: Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism and Function Part III: Carbohydrates 7: Carbohydrate Structure 8: Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption 9: Cellular Metabolism of Carbohydrates Part IV: Lipids 10: Lipid Structure 11: Lipid Digestion 12: Fat and Fatty Acid Metabolism 13: Lipid Peroxidation and Anti-Oxidant Nutrients Part V: Integration of Metabolism 14: Amino Acids and Fats as Metabolic Fuels 15: Energy Storage 16: Disorders and Unique Aspects of Energy Metabolism 17: Feed Intake and Diet Selection Part VI: Structural Features18 The Skeletal System 19: The Integument, Pigmentation, Membranes, and Extracellular Matrix Part VII: Water and Body Fluids 20: Water 21: Blood, Electrolytes and the Anemias Part VIII: Reproduction and the Immune System 22: Nutrition and Reproduction 23: Nutrition and the Immune System 24: The inflammatory Response

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Book SynopsisDairy herd health is an important and universal topic in large animal veterinary practice and farming, covering both preventive medicine and health promotion. With the move towards large-scale farming, the health of the herd is important as an economic unit and to promote the health of the individuals within it. This book focuses on diseases within herds, herd husbandry practices, youngstock management and environmental issues. Major diseases and conditions are covered, including mastitis, lameness, nutrition, metabolic and common infectious diseases from a herd health perspective. It is an essential resource for veterinary practitioners and students, researchers and dairy industry personnel.Table of Contents1: Concepts in Dairy Herd Health 2: Facilitating Change in Herd Health 3: Restoring the Dairy Herd: Rearing Young Stock and Replacing Cows 4: Managing Herd Reproduction 5: Control of Mastitis and Enhancement of Milk Quality 6: Control of Lameness 7: Control of Infectious Disease 8: Nutritional Management of Herd Health 9: Dairy Farming, Food Security and Environmental Issues 10: Appendices: Sample Sizes and Disease Prevalence Estimates; Genetic and Herd Health

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Book SynopsisOriginally published in France, this cruising guide to Brazil has been produced to the same high standards as Imray's major pilot books. Over 250 harbours and anchorages are described and illustrated in full colour with charts and photographs.

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Book SynopsisPlans included: Monte Argentario (1:100 000) Bonifacio Strait (1:225 000) Golfo di Salerno (1:100 000) For this 2014 edition the chart has been fully updated throughout using revised depths where applicable. The full list of recently deployed AIS transmitters are shown across the chart, as is the new marina in Rada di Salerno.

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Book SynopsisPlans: Approaches to Brindisi Approaches to Otranto Approaches to Gallipoli Approaches to Crotone

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Book SynopsisA brand new chart for 2016 covering the south coast of Sicily and Malta Passage Plans included: Licata (1:20 000) Porto Palo and Capo Passero (1:100 000) Siracusa (1:35 000) Grand Harbour & Marsamxett (Malta) (1:15 000)

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Book SynopsisWindward Islands - Passage Chart

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Book SynopsisPlans included: Loch Sween (Tayvallich) (1:25 000) Continuation of West Loch Tarbert (1:65 000) Port Ellen (1:25 000) Lough Foyle (1:90 000) Portrush (1:20 000) Larne (1:18 500) Belfast Lough (1:110 000) Carrickfergus (1:15 000) Bangor Bay (1:17 500) Continuation of River Foyle to Londonderry (1:60 000) On this 2016 edition the latest depth surveys have been applied along with general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisFirst published over 60 years ago when interest in reviving Britain's network of navigable and rivers was starting to gather pace, this map provides the best coverage of the system in England, Wales and Scotland. Distances, the number of locks and restricting dimensions are given for each waterway. The simple cartography defines rivers, broad and narrow canals against generalized relief and the major road network. The 2016 edition has been updated to show progress in restoration schemes and other changes.

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Book SynopsisPlans included:La Maddalena (1:10 000)On this 2016 edition the latest depth surveys have been applied where available. The latest nature reserve information is included and the chart specification has been improved to show coloured light flashes. There has been general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisPlans included: Dingle Harbour (1:25 000) Valentia Harbour (1:32 500) Portmagee (1:30 000) Sneem, Kilmakilloge & Ardgroom Harbours (1:55 000) Castletown Berehaven (1:20 000) Glengarriff Harbour (1:30 000) Bantry Harbour (1:30 000) Crookhaven (1:25 000) Schull Harbour (1:30 000) Baltimore Harbour (1:22 500) Castlehaven (1:25 000) Glandore Harbour (1:35 000) Courtmacsherry Harbour (1:35 000) Kinsale Harbour (1:35 000) Cork Harbour Entrance (1:35 000) On this 2017 edition the latest depth surveys have been applied where available. The chart specification has been improved to show coloured light flashes. There has been general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisOn this 2018 edition the chart specification has been improved to show coloured light flashes. There has been general updating throughout.

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Book SynopsisLand of Milk and Honey is the long-awaited sequel to Red Rag to a Bull. Author Jamie Blackett finds himself in danger of losing the family estate as his beef business encounters difficulties and the spectre of Brexit bears down on the farming community. Meanwhile he feels under threat from extreme environmentalists attacking the very concept of livestock farming and by resurgent Scottish nationalism threatening the break-up of the United Kingdom. The book is the honest and forthright account of how he copes with the crisis by following the example of New Zealand farmers in similar circumstances and successfully embracing the new creed of regenerative agriculture and switching the farm into pasture-based dairying. Through Jamie’s struggles the reader comes to understand the crossroads facing the British countryside as it attempts to adapt to free trade after eighty years of agricultural subsidies. We are also guided through the complexities and contradictions in the quest to reach Net Zero carbon and reverse biodiversity loss as he explores the current craze for re-wilding the land and puts some of its ideas into practice for the benefit of wildlife on the estate. Along the way Jamie becomes an outspoken newspaper columnist and establishes an unlikely political alliance with the maverick socialist George Galloway in an attempt to break the stalemate in Scottish politics and defeat Nicola Sturgeon’s SNP in the Holyrood election. The book contains humour, vivid passages of nature writing and numerous polemical digressions on a wide range of countryside issues.Trade Review‘Jamie Blackett crucially and eloquently stands up for real farming, real conservation and the real countryside, managing to be both lyrical and fearless at the same time.’ -- Kate Green, Country Life'a fascinating read for those interested in the countryside and the country...Well worth buying''Blackett’s engaging style and lightness of touch belie the complexity of the issues with which he must contend, and make this a compelling read.''Land of Milk and Honey is a book with great variety and change of pace. the description of rural life, its seasonal rhythms, the grandeur of nature and all its creatures are a joy to read.''another highly readable and thought provoking work from Jamie Blackett.''superbly acerbic'The author writes with admirable candour and detachment about his battle to save his farm in the face of adverse balance-sheets. As well as being an eloquent manifesto for saving the countryside from the unhappy fate that has overtaken large parts of urban Britain, this is a stirring evocation of rural life.

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Book SynopsisFood is our most intimate and vital commodity, yet too many of us have lost touch with the reality of where it comes from and how it is produced. Farm to Fork: The Challenge of Sustainable Farming in 21st Century Britain attempts to address this knowledge gap by taking the reader on a seasonal tour of a British lowland family farm to explain the realities of modern agricultural life. Drawing on a lifetime of experience, the author illustrates how our food is produced and why our farmed landscape looks the way it does. Along the way, he addresses issues around the environment, climate change, trade and why Britain’s exit from the European Union is such a significant moment for UK food production. Agriculture is the core of a £122bn food and farming sector, and Farm to Fork demonstrates the pride, hard work and heart which goes into every mouthful of Great British produce.Trade Review'This book offers a compelling insight into the challenges and rewards of farming. A must-read for any agriculture student, it will also appeal to those with an interest in their food, as well as the farmers who produce it.'For now, the battle to defend farming against cavalier politicians, unscrupulous capitalists and ignorant environmentalists continues to be waged in the media by its champions, notably NFU president Minette Batters, who has written the foreword. Mr Stanley has made a heartfelt contribution to that fight.'A wonderfully-detailed and candid account of the life of a British farmer. Farm to Fork offers something for everyone, no matter their background.''The book gives an insight into the hundreds of decisions affecting what ends up on our plate, how farming life has changed, and how it might look in years to come.''It is, at its core, a love letter from one farmer, to an entire industry.''Author Joe Stanley writes with pride and knowledge, and his book is a great read.' -- NFU Countryside Magazine, September 2023'Joe Stanley’s Farm to Fork is a straightforward and enlightening journey through Britain’s farming year.' -- Keeping the Balance, Winter 2023

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Book SynopsisQuantum computing has been hailed as a technological game-changer. But what precisely is it and what is its true potential?In this superbly insightful, one-stop guide WIRED journalist Amit Katwala tells you everything you need to know about the next computer revolution. He explains the highly complex science that lies behind it. He describes the competing efforts of the likes of Google, Microsoft and Chinese companies Tencent and Alibaba to create a viable quantum computer, and the different routes they have taken to meet the immense technical challenges involved. He considers the technology's potential application in spheres as diverse as medicine, cyber security and clean energy. And he addresses the fundamental question: how close are we to seeing quantum computers become a widespread reality.Trade ReviewThe prose is clear, well written, not dumbed down, but equally well equipped to take you on a deep dive into the key concepts of quantum . . . A good book, thought provoking, and a glimpse of what its down the road. * Irish Tech News *It's a great intro to the present state of and prospects for quantum computing - not too technical, wasting little space on the basics but avoiding the hieroglyphics of quantum algorithms. * PC Pro *

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Book SynopsisGenome sequencing is one of the most exciting scientific breakthroughs of the past thirty years. But what precisely does it involve and how is it developing? In this brilliantly wide-ranging, one-stop guide WIRED journalist Rachael Pells explains the science behind genomics. She analyses its practical applications in medical diagnosis and the treatment of conditions that range from cancer to severe allergic reactions to cystic fibrosis. She considers its potential to help with advances in agriculture and environmental science. She explores the ethics of genetic modification and the dangers involved when humans 'play God'. And she addresses the fundamental question: to what extent will future advances transform human longevity and the quality of life.

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Book SynopsisMastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy cattle throughout the world and it is also one of the most costly, resulting in reduced milk production and extra treatment costs. This invaluable book covers all aspects of the subject and is essential reading for veterinary surgeons and students, farmers and also those involved in the practical care of cattle.

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Book SynopsisOver a decade John Glanville and Bill Wolmuth undertook an important horological project for the British Museum. This involved establishing a representative collection, for the Museum, of twentieth-century domestic mechanical clocks made in England and Wales using industrialized manufacturing methods. This remarkable book is the culmination of their efforts. Wide-ranging in its coverage, it will be a key reference tool for horologists, horoligical students, collectors, and antiques and clock dealers. It provides a comprehensive history of each significant manufacturer, including the principal people involved and covers the various mechanical clock movements that were produced. Previously unpublished research about the manufacturers, the clocks they made and the dates when they were manufactured is presented. Finally, this book informs readers how they can identify and date almost all of the clocks they are likely to encounter.

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Book SynopsisThis book is focused on the theoretical and practical design of reinforced concrete beams, columns and frame structures. It is based on an analytical approach of designing normal reinforced concrete structural elements that are compatible with most international design rules, including for instance the European design rules – Eurocode 2 – for reinforced concrete structures. The book tries to distinguish between what belongs to the structural design philosophy of such structural elements (related to strength of materials arguments) and what belongs to the design rule aspects associated with specific characteristic data (for the material or loading parameters). Reinforced Concrete Beams, Columns and Frames – Mechanics and Design deals with the fundamental aspects of the mechanics and design of reinforced concrete in general, both related to the Serviceability Limit State (SLS) and the Ultimate Limit State (ULS). A second book, entitled Reinforced Concrete Beams, Columns and Frames – Section and Slender Member Analysis, deals with more advanced ULS aspects, along with instability and second-order analysis aspects. Some recent research results including the use of non-local mechanics are also presented. This book is aimed at Masters-level students, engineers, researchers and teachers in the field of reinforced concrete design. Most of the books in this area are very practical or code-oriented, whereas this book is more theoretically based, using rigorous mathematics and mechanics tools. Contents 1. Design at Serviceability Limit State (SLS). 2. Verification at Serviceability Limit State (SLS). 3. Concepts for the Design at Ultimate Limit State (ULS). 4. Bending-Curvature at Ultimate Limit State (ULS). Appendix 1. Cardano’s Method. Appendix 2. Steel Reinforcement Table. About the Authors Charles Casandjian was formerly Associate Professor at INSA (French National Institute of Applied Sciences), Rennes, France and the chairman of the course on reinforced concrete design. He has published work on the mechanics of concrete and is also involved in creating a web experience for teaching reinforced concrete design – BA-CORTEX. Noël Challamel is Professor in Civil Engineering at UBS, University of South Brittany in France and chairman of the EMI-ASCE Stability committee. His contributions mainly concern the dynamics, stability and inelastic behavior of structural components, with special emphasis on Continuum Damage Mechanics (more than 70 publications in International peer-reviewed journals). Christophe Lanos is Professor in Civil Engineering at the University of Rennes 1 in France. He has mainly published work on the mechanics of concrete, as well as other related subjects. He is also involved in creating a web experience for teaching reinforced concrete design – BA-CORTEX. Jostein Hellesland has been Professor of Structural Mechanics at the University of Oslo, Norway since January 1988. His contribution to the field of stability has been recognized and magnified by many high-quality papers in famous international journals such as Engineering Structures, Thin-Walled Structures, Journal of Constructional Steel Research and Journal of Structural Engineering.Table of ContentsPreface xi Chapter 1. Design at Serviceability Limit State (SLS) 1 1.1. Nomenclature 1 1.1.1. Convention with the normal vector orientation 1 1.1.2. Vectorial notation 1 1.1.3. Part of the conserved reference section 2 1.1.4. Frame 2 1.1.5. Compression stress σc,sup in the most compressed fiber 2 1.2. Bending behavior of reinforced concrete beams – qualitative analysis 3 1.2.1. Framework of the study 3 1.2.2. Classification of cross-sectional behavior 5 1.2.3. Parameterization of the response curves by the stress σs1 of the most stressed tensile reinforcement 5 1.2.4. Comparison of σs1 of the tensile reinforcement for a given stress in the most compressed concrete fiber σc,sup 6 1.2.5. Comparison of the bending moments 8 1.3. Background on the concept of limit laws 10 1.3.1. Limit law for material behavior 10 1.3.2. Example of limit laws in physics, case of the transistor 11 1.3.3. Design of reinforced concrete beams in bending at the stress Serviceability Limit State 12 1.4. Limit laws for steel and concrete at Serviceability Limit State 13 1.4.1. Concrete at the cross-sectional SLS 13 1.4.2. Steel at the cross-sectional SLS 13 1.4.3. Equivalent material coefficient 14 1.5. Pivots notion and equivalent stress diagram 14 1.5.1. Frame and neutral axis 14 1.5.2. Conservation of planeity of a cross-section 15 1.5.3. Planeity conservation law in term of stress 17 1.5.4. Introduction to pivot concepts 18 1.5.5. Pivot rules 19 1.6. Dimensionless coefficients 20 1.6.1. Goal 20 1.6.2. Total height of the cross-section 21 1.6.3. Relative position of the neutral axis 21 1.6.4. Shape filling coefficient 22 1.6.5. Dimensionless formulation for the position of the center of pressure 23 1.7. Equilibrium and resolution methodology 24 1.7.1. Equilibrium equations 24 1.7.2. Discussion on the resolution of equations with respect to the number of unknowns 26 1.7.3 Reduced moments 27 1.7.4. Case of a rectangular section 29 1.8. Case of pivot A for a rectangular section 30 1.8.1. Studied section 30 1.8.2. Shape filling coefficient 30 1.8.3. Dimensionless coefficient related to the center of pressure 31 1.8.4. Equations formulation 32 1.8.5. Resolution 33 1.9. Case of pivot B for a rectangular section 35 1.9.1. Studied section 35 1.9.2. Shape filling coefficient 35 1.9.3. Dimensionless coefficient related to the center of pressure 35 1.9.4. Equations formulation 36 1.9.5. Resolution 37 1.9.6. Synthesis 38 1.10. Examples – bending of reinforced concrete beams with rectangular cross-section 39 1.10.1. A design problem at SLS – exercise 39 1.10.2. Resolution in Pivot A – Mser = 225 kN.m 42 1.10.3. Resolution in Pivot B – Mser = 405 kN.m 45 1.10.4. Resolution in pivot AB 47 1.10.5. Design of a reinforced concrete section, an optimization problem 50 1.10.6. General design at Serviceability Limit State with tensile and compression steel reinforcements 54 1.11. Reinforced concrete beams with T-cross-section 58 1.11.1. Introduction 58 1.11.2. Decomposition of the cross-section 60 1.11.3. Case of pivot A for a T-cross-section 61 1.11.4. Case of pivot B for a T-cross-section 63 1.11.5. Example – design of reinforced concrete beams composed of T-cross-section 65 Chapter 2. Verification at Serviceability Limit State (SLS) 69 2.1. Verification of a given cross-section – control design 69 2.1.1. Position of the neutral axis 69 2.1.2. Equation of static moments for the determination of the position of neutral axis 70 2.1.3. Stress calculation – general case 72 2.1.4. Rectangular cross-section – verification of a given cross-section 74 2.1.5. T-cross-section – verification of a given cross-section 76 2.1.6. Example – verification of a reinforced T-cross-section 79 2.1.7. Determination of the maximum resisting moment 80 2.2. Cross-section with continuously varying depth 81 2.2.1. Triangular or trapezoidal cross-section 81 2.2.2. Equilibrium equations – normal force resultant 82 2.2.3. Equilibrium equations – bending resultant moment 84 2.2.4. Case of pivot A for a triangular cross-section 86 2.2.5. Case of pivot B for a triangular cross-section 87 2.2.6. Static moment equation for a triangular cross-section 87 2.2.7. Design example of a triangular cross-section 88 2.3. Composed bending with combined axial forces 90 2.3.1. Steel reinforcement design for a given reinforced concrete section 90 2.3.2. Determination of the position of the neutral axis – simple bending 91 2.3.3. Determination of the position of the neutral axis – composed bending with normal force solicitation 92 2.3.4. Exercises for composed bending with normal force solicitation 96 2.4. Deflection at Serviceability Limit State 107 2.4.1. Effect of crack on the bending curvature relationship 107 2.4.2. Simply supported reinforced concrete beam 112 2.4.3. Calculation of deflection – safe approach 113 2.4.4. Calculation of deflection – a more refined approach; tension stiffening neglected 114 2.4.5. Calculation of deflection – a more refined approach; tension stiffening included 116 2.4.6. Approximated approach 118 2.4.7. Calculation of deflection – a structural example 119 Chapter 3. Concepts for the Design at Ultimate Limit State (ULS) 123 3.1. Introduction to ultimate limit state 123 3.1.1. Yield design 123 3.1.2. Application of yield design to the cantilever beam 125 3.1.3. Inelastic (plasticity or continuum damage mechanics) bending-curvature constitutive law 129 3.2. Postfailure analysis 133 3.2.1. Historical perspective 133 3.2.2. Wood’s paradox 135 3.2.3. Non-local hardening/softening constitutive law, a variational principle 137 3.2.4. Non-local softening constitutive law: application to the cantilever beam 144 3.2.5. Some other structural cases – the simply supported beam 149 3.2.6. Postfailure of reinforced concrete beams under distributed lateral load 152 3.3. Constitutive laws for steel and concrete 156 3.3.1. Steel behavior 156 3.3.2. Concrete behavior 160 3.3.3. Dimensionless parameters at ULS 170 3.3.4. Calculation of the concrete resultant for the rectangular simplified diagram 174 3.3.5. Calculation of the concrete resultant for the bilinear diagram 174 3.3.6. Calculation of the concrete resultant for the parabola–rectangle diagram 179 3.3.7. Calculation of the concrete resultant for the law of Desayi and Krishnan 183 3.3.8. Calculation of the concrete resultant for Sargin’s law of Eurocode 2 187 3.3.9. On the use of the reduced moment parameter 191 Chapter 4. Bending-Curvature at Ultimate Limit State (ULS) 193 4.1. On the bilinear approximation of the moment-curvature relationship of reinforced concrete beams 193 4.1.1. Phenomenological approach 193 4.1.2. Moment-curvature relationship for concrete – brief overview 196 4.1.3. Analytical moment-curvature relationship for concrete 198 4.1.4. A model based on the bilinear moment-curvature approximation 222 4.2. Postfailure of reinforced concrete beams with the initial bilinear moment-curvature constitutive law 226 4.2.1. Elastic-hardening constitutive law 226 4.2.2. Plastic hinge approach 230 4.2.3. Elastic-hardening constitutive law and local softening collapse: Wood’s paradox 235 4.2.4. Elastic-hardening constitutive law and non-local local softening collapse 238 4.3. Bending moment-curvature relationship for buckling and postbuckling of reinforced concrete columns 242 4.3.1. A continuum damage mechanics-based moment curvature relationship 242 4.3.2. Governing equations of the problem and numerical resolution 245 4.3.3. Second-order analysis – some analytical arguments 251 4.3.4. Postfailure of the non-local continuum damage mechanics column 258 Appendix 1. Cardano’s Method 267 A1.1. Introduction 267 A1.2. Roots of a cubic function – method of resolution 268 A1.2.1. Canonical form 268 A1.2.2. Resolution – one real and two complex roots 269 A1.2.3. Resolution – two real roots 271 A1.2.4. Resolution – three real roots 271 A1.3. Roots of a cubic function – synthesis 273 A1.3.1. Summary of Cardano’s method 273 A1.3.2. Resolution of a cubic equation – example 274 A1.4. Roots of a quartic function – principle of resolution 275 Appendix 2. Steel Reinforcement Table 277 Bibliography 279 Index 293

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Book SynopsisForestry in Ireland has never been so contentious. Over the last century the area of Irish woodland has increased tenfold, mostly through the planting of imported conifer species; government policy is to plant more trees to supply industry and to tackle climate change, both urgent priorities. But there has been a backlash from farmers, local communities, environmentalists and EU regulators. The rate of planting has plummeted. And up to one-third of new plantations in Ireland are failed forests that should never have been planted in the first place. How did we end up in this peculiar situation? Island of Woods traces the history of Irish forests over the last 10,000 years. It explains why Ireland lost so much of its forest cover, before a burst of tree-planting over the last few decades. It examines the state of Irish forestry today and sketches a way forward for our woods that balances commercial, environmental and social goals – a vision of a different type of forestry that could transform the Irish landscape and re-establish a genuine tree culture in the country. This engaging examination of Irish woodlands relates historical events to present-day concerns and controversies, drawing out crucial themes that continue to shape the Irish landscape.Trade ReviewA thorough and lucid job -- Michael Vinney * The Irish Times *Praise for Feeding Frenzy ‘A passionately argued book … a compelling argument for radical agricultural reforms’ * Sunday Times *Praise for Feeding Frenzy ‘A highly readable book. Written in short, clear sentences and rarely lapsing into jargon, McMahon succeeds brilliantly in describing the food supply challenges we currently face’ * TLS *Praise for British Spies and Irish Rebels 'A fascinating new study … McMahon writes lucidly and sensibly on a subject that often attracts fevered treatment.’ * The Irish Times *Praise for British Spies and Irish Rebels 'A very fine book … such a good read. There are all kinds of nuggets in it.’ -- Ronan Fanning * RTE Radio 1 *Table of Contents Introduction 1. Going Native 2. Early Humans 3. Celtic Ireland 4. Medieval Invaders 5. Conquest and Commerce 6. The Two Irelands 7. Reforesting Ireland 8. Grinding to a Halt 9. A Sylvan Future?

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Book SynopsisThe first thing that every stargazer needs - an hour-by-hour and night-by-night map of the stars you can see. The bestselling specially-created moveable map of the stars dials up the constellations for really easy identification.

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Book SynopsisThis guide provides definitive guidance on electrical installations in medical locations, including earthing and bonding arrangements. It expands the information in Guidance Note 7: Special Locations. This guide is aimed at consultants and designers of medical installations, manufacturers and suppliers of related medical equipment, medical electrical equipment service technicians and electrical contractors working in healthcare.Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Related reading Section 3: Assessment of medical locations Section 4: Risk assessment Section 5: Review of existing locations Section 6: Risks to patients: shock Section 7: Patient environment Section 8: Risks to patients: lack of resilience Section 9: Fire survival Section 10: Comparison of the BS 7671 approach with HTM methodology Section 11: Safety integration level (SIL) rating Section 12: Theatre operating lights Section 13: Generator supplies Section 14: Equipotential bonding: medical locations Section 15: Medical location lighting Section 16: Defining a medical location Section 17: Group 0 design considerations Section 18: Group 1 design considerations Section 19: Other types of medical care Section 20: Group 2 design considerations Section 21: Inspection and testing Section 22: Imaging and diagnostics Section 23: Mobile medical locations Appendix 1: Information supporting medical location assessment Appendix 2: Common myths about medical locations Appendix 3: Generator fault levels Appendix 4: Supplementary information Appendix 5: Example risk assessment Appendix 6: Typical medical IT system loads Appendix 7: Thermal effects on circuit-breakers Appendix 8: Effects of inrush current Appendix 9: Group 2 handover checklist Appendix 10: Medical location supplementary test sheet Appendix 11: Recommended frequencies for inspection and testing

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Book SynopsisGet exam ready with our Higher Engineering Science Study Guide! Written specifically for the Scottish curriculum, this guide covers a wide range of topics to help build your knowledge and equip you with the tools needed to succeed at Higher Engineering Science. In this Study Guide, you will find detailed course coverage and advice on the exam; activities and content designed to help you extend your knowledge of key engineering principals and concepts; Don’t Forget pointers that offer advice on key facts and how to avoid common mistakes; Things to Do and Think About sections which provide you with plenty of opportunities to put your knowledge into practice. This guide is also supported by a host of free additional material available on the BrightRED Digital Zone!Trade ReviewTwenty-seven 5* reviews from Amazon.co.uk: "Daughter's favourite Higher revision aid. An absolute must if you are needing some support to get a great exam mark"; "Great product. Great product. Really helped my son revise during lockdown"; "Really easy to learn. Good book and easy tutorials to get you to know the subject well".Table of ContentsIntroducing Higher Engineering Science, Engineering Contexts and Challenges, Electronics and Control, Mechanisms and Structures, Course Assessment, Appendices

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Book SynopsisChemists are now moving away from volatile, environmentally harmful, and biologically incompatible organic solvents. With its low cost, ready availability, and capacity to remove environmentally unfriendly by-products, water is an obvious replacement. Recent advances in free radical chemistry in water have expanded the versatility and flexibility of homolytic carbon-hydrogen, carbon-carbon, carbon-halogen, carbon-nitrogen bond formations in aqueous media. This textbook highlights the substantial progress which has been made in the last decade to "tame" the reactive free radical species in aqueous phase reactions. It describes carbon-hydrogen bond formations in aqueous media via radical reactions with a specific focus on HAT (Hydrogen Atom Transfer). Suitable for students of chemistry, industrial chemists and academic researchers, it combines extensive knowledge of free radical chemistry with the latest innovations and creative applications. Divided into five main areas, it covers the: generation of carbon centred free radicals; radical initiators; solubility of substrate; suitability of free radical hydrogen donors, and HAT reactions in aqueous media. The book describes radical reactions in organic and aqueous media and their applications in total synthesis, DNA structural probing, isotope labelling, living polymerization and various other applications. It shows that, armed with an elementary knowledge of kinetics and some common sense, it is possible to harness radicals into tremendously powerful tools for solving synthetic problems. Written with the needs of students in mind, it offers just the right level of detail for undergraduate study. All the basic principles and facts on each topic area are presented in a concise yet comprehensive style that is appropriate for both core and specialist courses. It provides a step-wise introduction, taking students from the basic principles of radical reactions through to their applications in industry and their role in biological and environmental processes. Case studies are used to illustrate reactions in landmark synthesis and problems, with outlined answers, test the reader's understanding. There are also suggestions for further reading.Table of ContentsContents: Free Radical Chemistry and Green Chemistry: The historical perspective, Basic Radical Chemistry: General aspects of synthesis with radicals, Why Water as a Solvent? Reasons and Advantages, Reducing agents based Group 4 and Aqueous Media, Hypophosporous acid (H3PO2) as a free radical hydrogen donors in aqueous media, Organoboron Compounds as Radical Reducing Agents, : Carbon-Carbon Bond formation and stereoaspects, Redox Processes and Electron Transfer via Free Radicals, Chain vs Non-Chain Free Radical Processes in Aqueous Media, Future Directions and Practical considerations including methods of radical formation.

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Book SynopsisThe development of renewable and sustainable lignocellulosic biofuels is currently receiving worldwide attention and investment. Despite decades of research, there remain significant challenges to be overcome before these biofuels can be produced in large volumes at competitive prices. One obstacle is the lack of efficient and affordable catalytic systems to dissolve and hydrolyze polysaccharides into sugars. These sugars are then fed to microrganisms and fermented into biofuels. The price of these catalysts, be they biological, thermochemical, or chemical in nature, represent one of the largest costs in the conversion process. There are a number of catalytic schemes, each with their own advantages and disadvantages, available. This book presents a general yet substantial review of the most promising processes and the spectrum of biomass pretreatment, enzymes, chemical catalysts, and hybrid approaches of hydrolyzing biomass into fermentable sugars. It is the only currently available book that compares the biochemical, chemical, and thermochemical conversion processes to biofuel production.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Background; Biomass Pretreatment; Biochemical Catalysis; Chemical Catalysis; Thermochemical Catalysis; Hybrid Technologies; Summary and Future Directions

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Book SynopsisHydrogen is widely billed as the fuel of the future. For this to be a reality there is a pressing need for a safe, economic and reliable way to transport hydrogen, particularly for automotive applications. This has prompted a world-wide effort to develop novel materials that are re-usable and capable of storing and releasing significant (> 6 wt%) quantities of hydrogen. In addition to compressed (either liquid or gaseous) hydrogen, two main themes are being explored: adsorption of hydrogen by materials and "chemical hydrogen" where hydrogen is reacted with a material. The discussion focusses on both themes, from synthesis and characterisation to application of such novel materials. The focusses on the wider issues involved in synthetic routes, characterisation, materials properties, rather than simply on examples. The importance of the interplay of theory and experiment is stressed. Faraday Discussion 151, organised by the Faraday Division, aims to bring together the diverse range of workers in the field of hydrogen storage materials, from those involved in materials discovery and characterisation, to those studying mechanisms or developing applications. The Discussion will both inform people of alternative strategies and encourage new ideas and approaches. The themes cover: application of theory and spectroscopic methods to understand hydrogenation/dehydrogenation mechanisms; novel approaches such as catalysed hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of organic molecules, encapsulation of nanosized materials in carbon or polymers; chemical hydrogen: characterisation and properties of main group and transition metal borohydrides and alanates, ternary and quaternary metal hydrides, reactive hydride composites; adsorbed/physisorbed hydrogen on or in MOFs, promoted carbons and other materials with large internal or external surface area; and applications including uses for automotives and novel battery materials.Table of ContentsPreface; Introductory Lecture; Pore with gate: modulating hydrogen storage in metal-organic framework materials via cation exchange; The effect of host relaxation and dynamics on guest molecule dynamics in H2/tetrahydrofuran-hydrate; The role of Ni in increasing the reversibility of the hydrogen release from nanoconfined LiBH4; Analysis of hydrogen storage in nanoporous materials for low carbon energy applications; Characterisation of porous hydrogen storage materials: carbons, zeolites, MOFs and PIMs; General discussion; Synthesis of small metallic Mg-based nanoparticles confined in porous carbon materials for hydrogen sorption; The effect of complex halides and binary halides on hydrogen release for the 2LiBH4:1MgH2 system; Incorporating magnesium and calcium cations in porous organic frameworks for high-capacity hydrogen storage; Control of hydrogen release and uptake in amine borane molecular complexes: thermodynamics of ammonia borane, ammonium borohydride, and the diammoniate of diborane; Probing the binding and spatial arrangement of molecular hydrogen in porous hosts via neutron Compton scattering; General discussion; Mobility and dynamics in the complex hydrides LiAlH4 and LiBH4; Novel sodium aluminium borohydride containing the complex anion [Al(BH4,Cl)4]-; Theoretical study of the vibrational properties of NaAlH4 with AlH3 vacancies; Synthesis of LiNH2 + LiH by reactive milling of Li3N; In situ powder neutron diffraction study of non-stoichiometric phase formation during the hydrogenation of Li3N; Hydrogen storage and ionic mobility in amide---halide systems; General discussion; Homogenous dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers catalyzed by an iridium PCP complex; YMn2Hx and RMn2FeyH6 (R Y, Er) studied by Raman, infrared and inelastic neutron; scattering spectroscopies; Hydride formation in Mg-based systems processed by reactive milling; Performance of a full-scale hydrogen-storage tank based on complex hydrides; Performance of a metal hydride store on the ae"Ross BarlowAe" hydrogen powered canal boat; A multidisciplinary combinatorial approach for tuning promising hydrogen storage materials; towards automotive applications; General discussion; Effective hydrogen storage: a strategic chemistry challenge; Poster titles; List of participants; Index of contributors

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Book SynopsisThe book describes the new advances in the science and technology of hydrocolloids which are used in food and related systems. The focus is on the technofunctionality and the biofunctionality of hydrocolloids, giving an appropriate emphasis to the manipulative skills of the food scientist and recognising the special part hydrocolloids can play in supporting human health. Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 16 captures the latest research findings of leading scientists which were presented at the Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry Conference. The areas covered are: - New hydrocolloid technologies - Hydrocolloids in focus - New hydrocolloid design - Hydrocolloids for health and wellbeing This book will be a useful information source to researchers and other professionals in industry and academia, particularly those involved with food science.Table of ContentsNature and Function of Hydrocolloids; New Hydrocolloid Design; Hydrocolloids in Focus; Functionality in Relation to Food Texture and Hydrocolloids for Health and Wellbeing; New Hydrocolloid Technologies; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThe Mesoamerican population who lived near the indigenous cultivation sites of the "Chocolate Tree" (Theobromo cacao) had a multitude of documented applications of chocolate as medicine, ranging from alleviating fatigue to preventing heart ailments to treating snakebite. Until recently, these applications have received little sound scientific scrutiny. Rather, it has been the reputed health claims stemming from Europe and the United States which have attracted considerable biomedical attention. This book, for the first time, describes the centuries-long quest to uncover chocolate's potential health benefits. The authors explore variations in the types of evidence used to support chocolate's use as medicine as well as note the ongoing tension over categorizing chocolate as food or medicine, and more recently, as functional food or nutraceutical. The authors, Wilson an historian of science and medicine, and Hurst an analytical chemist in the chocolate industry, bring their collective insights to bear upon the development of ideas and practices surrounding the use of chocolate as medicine. Chocolate's use in this manner is explored first among the Mesoamerican peoples, then as it is transported to Europe, and back into Colonial North America. The authors then focus upon more recent bioscience experimental undertakings which have been aimed to ascertain both long-standing and novel suggestions as to chocolate's efficacy as a medicinal and a nutritional substance. Chocolate/s reputation as the most craved food boosts this book's appeal to food and biomedical scientists, cacao researchers, ethnobotanists, historians, folklorists, and healers of all types as well as to the general reading audience.Trade Review"The authors of Chocolate as Medicine start their dissertation from this definition, tracing the history of chocolate as medicine and providing very interesting glimpses into it's current use. The book summarises the best evidence available from science to support and confirm the health benefits of chocolate." "Recent studies have now provided the evidence to a century's established use of chocolate as medicine and this enjoyable book reconstructs this path, providing an inter-disciplinary approach, thanks to the complementary skills of the two authors." -- Reviewed by Donatella Lippi * Chemistry World, July 2013, Volume 10, number 07 *"The title alone of Chocolate in Medicine, a Quest over the Centuries by P.K. Wilson and W.J. Hurst would make it irresistible and it is indeed immensely readable." "chocolate is clearly an important ingredient of the Royal Society of Chemistry: so successful was their Science of Chocolate (2000) that a revised edition was called for in 2008 and articles in their journal, Food and Function, have such titles as 'Oral processing of two milk chocolate samples'. If this had been included in the O-level practical classes perhaps I should have continued with chemistry." -- Peter Hawkes * Ultramicroscopy 137 (2014) 72–92 *Table of ContentsChocolate as Medicine: Seeking 'Evidence' throughout History; Chocolate in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican Culture; Cacao Transported to Europe as Medicine; Expanding Chocolate's use as Medicine; Chocolate and Nutritional Health: Industrial Era through WWII; Modern Chocolate Science and Human Health; Epilogue: Prognosticating Chocolate's Future as Medicine; Appendix 1: Disorders and Diseases which Chocolate (Cacao) Products have Reputedly Improved Throughout History; Appendix 2: 18th Century General Recipe for "Health Chocolate"; Index

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Book SynopsisIndulge your curiosity with this humorous and fascinating book that demystifies the surprising myths about space. In the latest book from the Everything You Know is Wrong series, Matt Brown brings you a compendium of amazing facts about our planet, the universe, and everything in between! Thanks to popular sci-fi films and TV shows, there have been many misconceptions about the cosmos – from travelling through worm-holes to blowing up asteroids. In Everything You Know About Space is Wrong, you'll find a plethora of myths, legends and misquotes that have shaped the way you view the universe today. Think that the vacuum of space would make your blood boil and your head explode? It won't, and there have been people who have survived without wearing a suit in space. Think that astronauts float in space because there is zero-gravity? They're actually constantly falling towards the Earth. Think that the colour of space is black? It's actually predominantly green. Chock-full of facts about the cosmos, how it works (and how it doesn't!), this illuminating book will guide you through the mine of misinformation to answer such questions as whether we will meet aliens in our lifetime (SETI predicts we'll find evidence of ET by 2040!), what happens in the centre of the black hole, and why Mercury is not the hottest planet in the solar system. Discovering untruths about popular science, Everthing You Know About Space is Wrong provides a hugely entertaining insight into our universe.Trade Review'This is a bold effort.' -- How it Works * Book Review *

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Book SynopsisFully automated interpretation and understanding of remotely sensed data by a computer has been a challenge for many decades, and many approaches have been developed over the years. Significant advances in knowledge-based image understanding, machine learning and artificial intelligence has led to this topic being the focus of much research in recent years. This book highlights the different theoretical and application-oriented aspects and potential solutions to the topic of automated remote sensing data analysis. Thereby, both classical knowledge-based as well as modern machine learning-oriented concepts are described. A field such as this is specialized and dynamic and also interdisciplinary and multilayered. Written by an international team of experts, the book has therefore been split into parts dealing with the concepts and applications, and the focus is on elucidating the complementarity of different lines of research rather than providing the complete set of scientific approaches.Part A of this book gives insight into the basic theories and concepts of feature extraction, image understanding and the respective assessment strategies as well as into geometric, radiometric and sensor-related fundamentals of remote sensing technology. Part B focuses on various scientific and practical applications of remote sensing data analysis. These range from the automatic detailed reconstruction of complex 3D environments to visual tracking of objects in image sequences as well as monitoring natural and anthropogenic long-term processes on a regional scale. Part C sketches recent trends in automatic analysis of remote sensing data.Table of ContentsPart A: Methodology Introduction; Object, data and sensor modelling; Feature extraction from images and point clouds: Fundamentals, advances and trends; A short survey on supervised classification in remote; Context-based classification; Toward a framework for quality assessment in remote sensing applicationsPart B: Application From raw 3D point clouds to semantic objects; Traffic extraction and characterization from optical remote sensing data; Object extraction in image sequences; A process-based model approach to predict future land-use changes and link biodiversity with soil erosion in Chile; Interferometric SAR Image analysis for 3D building reconstruction; Detection and classification of collapsed buildings after a strong earthquake by means of laser scanning and image analysis; A settlement process analysis in coastal Benin - confronting scarce data availability in developing countriesPart C: Conclusion Benchmarking - a basic requirement for effective performance evaluation; Remote sensing and computer vision image analysis: summary and recent trends

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a unique view of the key issues for adopting BIM in construction projects from a pragmatic perspective. It provides an overview of the core ideas and issues distilled from various guidance documents and by dealing with the more mundane practical issues, facilitates an understanding of the more complex and important issues of processes, standards and protocols that need to be in place for the successful adoption of BIM in construction projects. In so doing, it provides reader-friendly guidance to enable the engineer or student to fully understand the implications of the process and to facilitate the application of the principles and techniques in real scenarios.The author presents a balanced approach combining sufficient background theory and practical ideas to ensure the book is applicable and relevant to practising engineers, architects, contractors and client organisations. It will serve as a key introduction for students. The appendices provide practical advice and material for BIM projects, dealing with issues such as compliance, project implementation plans and learning outcomes.Although much of the topic emanates from the UK, it is equally applicable in any country where best practice is desired.Trade Review'...a concise, accurate and experienced look into BIM adoption. The author writes about process, protocols and standards and shares insight that keeps the reader informed and turning pages. With a focus on UK BIM adoption, the topics and pragmatic observations will have world-wide impact in any construction project. Written in a user-friendly approach, this book includes core concepts and pragmatic perspectives for understanding construction projects and implementing them successfully. The material is concise, informative and impactful without being over-bearing and complex - it gets to the point right away. ...an amazing concise summary of BIM in construction that includes useful, meaningful and significant information in a no frills approach. ...has applicability to anyone involved in BIM today. This book is a great starter for anyone beginning BIM or remotely involved in construction. You won't go wrong with this book as your first BIM book'. 3D Visualization World Magazine -------------------- 'Learn how to reduce waste and increase profitability, sustainability and efficiency'. MODUS, RICS -------------------- 'Author Professor Bimal Kumar, the head of the BIM Centre at Glasgow Caledonian University, shares a wealth of knowledge and addresses the core issues, processes, standards and protocols associated with BIM. As well as being an essential guide for practitioners seeking to successfully adopt BIM on construction projects... ...[it] will have a home as an accessible introduction to the topic for others involved in the industry... ...is competitively priced and will no doubt prove to be a very useful tool for those seeking to successfully adopt and implement BIM on construction projects'. Civil Engineering SurveyorTable of ContentsIntroduction and background; Information management for the construction industry; UK Government's BIM strategy; EIRs and PAS 1192: Part 2; BIM PEP document development; BIM protocol, Outline Scope of Services and PII; Training and education; References; Appendix 1. Brief guide to Level 2BIM compliance/capability; Appendix 2. Typical responses to a BIM-based PQQ; Appendix 3. Sample BIM PEP for a building services company; Appendix 4. A sample set of learning outcomes for an introductory course in Level 2 BIM

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Book SynopsisWe all depend on infrastructure for civilised living with the scale and sophistication of what we build ever increasing. Manifestly we all have a vested interest in construction being safe, and yet failures occur. Not infrequently these failures are catastrophic and accompanied by huge cost and occasional loss of life. Avoiding such tragedies is every engineer's desire but how to do it is not straightforward. Nor is it straightforward to respond the question of: is this project safe? Nonetheless, progress can be made by laying down guidelines of what makes structures safe and by studying the pattern of past failures as a basis for predicting what might go wrong. This assists by drawing on the author's considerable career experiences of observation, study and practice. The opening chapter describes the general challenges of making structures safe taking account of uncertainty and the consequence of failure, and it also describes the evolution of safety thinking which nowadays includes issues of worker safety and health. Subsequent chapters discuss what is meant by both failure and safety and describe various safety attributes that ought to be targeted. Even over the last 50 years, structural methodologies for analysis and design have evolved to reflect the way we collectively think is the best to assure safe structures. Many of the notions used are rather abstract and so can best be appreciated by learning from what has gone wrong in the past. Unfortunately there is no shortage of precedents. Hence all subsequent chapters covering human error, material failures, construction failures and fire follow a general pattern of describing the problem, accompanied by examples illustrating how failures have arisen in practice. It will be apparent that common themes recur. Engineered structures protect societies, so some of the biggest challenges we face are of designing against the possibility of man-made or environmental catastrophe. Most readers will be familiar with the occurrence of natural events such as storm, flood and earthquake and so two chapters are devoted to man-made and natural hazards. Occupational health and safety, plus designers' legal obligations to assure these, are described in another chapter. The final chapter concerns Avoiding Failure and deals with concepts such as hazards and risk and the procedures that can be followed to minimise the probability of serious failure occurring.Table of ContentsIntroduction; General aspects of structural safety; Definition of failures and uncertainties; Other attributes relating to safety; Concepts for assessing structural safety; Human error; Material and product failures; Design and construction failures; Fires; Natural disasters; Man-made disasters; Occupational health and safety; Avoiding failure

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Book SynopsisThomas Telford was arguably the greatest civil engineer Britain has ever produced. This book reveals his humble beginnings and then describes his self-propelled rise from journeyman stonemason to famous canal engineer. In 1793 Telford was appointed principal engineer on the Ellesmere Canal (now the Llangollen Canal) in North Wales. An 11-mile section of the canal, including his magnificent Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, has recently been granted UNESCO World Heritage status, putting it in the company of such international icons as the Taj Mahal, the Statue of Liberty, and the Tower of London. Completed in 1805, the aqueduct represented a stupendous advance in civil engineering; but it was designed for canal boats and tucked away in a relatively unfrequented valley. Following a rapturous opening ceremony and initial commercial success, a decline of the canal system from about 1840 onwards made it look increasingly redundant. The richly-deserved UNESCO award has put the aqueduct and its canal back in the limelight. This is a personal and professional story, putting Telford's work into its historical and social context, showing him as a remarkable mix of good-natured ambition, talent and resilience. Today there is great interest in Britain's transport infrastructure. The 19th-century engineers who did so much to pioneer and improve it are rightly seen as heroes. It will be appreciated how much is owed to Telford and others for creations that have stood the test of time, built with courage and daring, in an age when major construction projects relied heavily on pickaxes, wheelbarrows, and an extraordinary amount of hard physical labour.Trade Review'...this excellent book...an ideal companion...much more than a guide, it is also a history book and part biography...it is the tribute to the work of a great engineer'. Spout Magazine-------------------'..A beautifully produced and very handsomely illustrated book ... a wonderful and highly informative addition to the literature on Thomas Telford ... I hope it will encourage more people to visit Pontcysyllte and the Llangollen Canal'. Tim Rolt-------------------'...As well as the excellent narrative, the book is very well illustrated with many splendid images of this engineering marvel'. Coventry Canal Society-------------------'...this highly readable book, with many and varied illustrations (photographs, maps, reproductions of paintings and engineering drawings) which help to bring the subject to life alongside many quotes from a rich variety of sources'. Cuttings Magazine, Shropshire Union Canal Society

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Book SynopsisBorn at a clifftop lighthouse in 1910, Archie's life was spent in the world of Scottish lighthouses - he was one of the third generation of his family in the service of the Northern Lighthouse Board. Archie's stories have gripped listeners of all ages and have now been compiled by Anne MacEachern. Written in Archie's words, this account portrays the man and reveals a past way of life. From peacetime through war, dealing with goats, shipwrecked sailors or German spies, the story brings vividly to life the challenges of living and working at a lighthouse, including raising a young family at such an isolated and potentially dangerous place. Many characters appear at various lights, each with their own personality and often annoying habits. Short-term transfers took place in and just after World War 2 when communications and transport were particularly difficult. There were hardships and rewards, and a mystery to solve: the well-known disappearance of three keepers at the Flannan Isles in 1900. The men had to be - and were - remarkably resourceful and courageous, although not all could stand the isolation and dangers at offshore pillar rock lights, especially in wartime. The sea ruled their lives - creating idyllic periods on sunny, calm days but being uncontrollably destructive for much of the time. Like his colleagues, Archie upheld to the best of his ability the ideal of their Service, `For the Safety of All', but in his younger days he was not afraid to speak up and press, with others, for better conditions. His service as a full-time keeper continued in part-time capacities, extended over a period of 67 years. Through this man's keen eye, the reader will meet people, birds, animals and situations from a lifetime of service; a revealing glimpse into this close-knit world. There is also humour, often that dry Highland humour, which adds spice to the telling; in Archie's case a fondness for wild places and dried figs helped.Trade Review‘Anne’s faithful recounting of her husband’s career shows the importance of oral histories and is a shining example of how to preserve ancestral knowledge and records of maritime service’. Nautilus International -------------------- `A work of enduring love and humanity... and so much more. ...Archie's Lights is a balm in its comforting cadences and its reassuring tones, which hark back to a world of unshakeable values and quietly understated wisdom. ...Anne MacEachern has brought forward a masterpiece. ...she has woven a spell that transports the reader into another world; a world of harsh and inhospitable places like Dubh Artach and Skerryvore...' Scottish Review -------------------- `Not only is the daily routine of a keeper brought vividly to life but so are the remote communities that generously welcomed Lighthouse families into their midsts. The book is littered with fascinating anecdotes and details that are unlikely to be recorded elsewhere. We owe much to Archie's wife Anne for sharing this important story'. NLB Journal -------------------- `The story brings vividly to life the challenges of living and working at a lighthouse, including raising a young family in isolated and potentially dangerous places. I am sure that all those who have an interest in lighthouses, their history and the lives of keepers will enjoy Archie's Lights as much as I have'. The Northern Scot -------------------- `...this is undoubtedly one of the best books I have read in years! There is so much material to enjoy both anecdotal and factual... ...this book is crammed full of detail and excitement. Surely a worthy addition to the swelling bibliography of today's lighthouse world. This book stands in top place for me, and I give it full marks!' Bellrock.org.uk -------------------- `Over the years, Archie's stories have gripped listeners of all ages and have now been beautifully compiled by Anne MacEachern in this wonderful book. Highly recommended'. Sea Breezes -------------------- `...this book takes one on a rich journey through the twentieth century as a lightkeeper. ...a compelling biography. ...offers a fascinating insight into the distinct way of life which no longer exists. Through Archie's memories, Anne has opened up a wealth of detail relating to the history of lighthouses, their keepers and the communities they served in twentieth-century Scotland'. LAMP -------------------- `...a wonderful book for anyone with the slightest interest in lighthouses, and especially in Scottish lighthouses. ...succeeds in bringing the lighthouses to life in a way we've never quite seen before, by focusing on the story of one remarkable man. It also succeeds in bringing vividly to life a man who was an integral part of that long-gone world...' Undiscovered Scotland

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Book SynopsisBased upon the author's wide experience in a broad range of projects, this invaluable book sets the scene and places rock installation in the context of the offshore industry today. This is an industry where health, safety and environmental considerations are factored in to a project with the same level of professionalism as regulatory compliance and good design. Full information is provided about planning, preparation, execution and reporting of a rock installation project. Brief but key information is provided about rock types, the nature of the seabed and the relationship between the quarry and the receiving vessel, which together form a system of turning a terrestrial geological formation into a rock berm offshore. Rock installation vessels, their characteristics, equipment and capabilities are examined in outline. This book is based upon personal experience offshore in a series of rock installation projects over the last 16 years. It covers the oil and gas sector, coastal engineering, power and telecom cable projects and draws on practice in the UK, Norwegian and Danish Exclusive Economic Zones where much rock installation takes place. The range in scale is significant, from large oil field development projects to those of a much more specialised nature such as the preparation of sites from which a jackup rig can safely operate. The marine environment is examined in some detail. The author believes that all personnel working in the offshore industry, whether at sea or in onshore positions, need to understand the harsh but majestic, hostile and often unforgiving marine environment. With a number of new operators developing both end of life and new fields, knowledge concerning SRI has been diluted or even lost. This book is a useful enabler for project staff and new client representatives offshore to have a productive rock installation experience from the initial discussions with a contractor to the final results and verification.Table of ContentsPreface; Foreword; Abbreviations; Glossary; Introduction; Health, safety and environmental issues; Quality control and quality assurance; Brief summary of law at sea; A short history of subsea rock installation (SRI); Purpose and uses for SRI; Industry requirements of SRI; The contract; Rock types and uses; Quarries and quarry operations; Rock installation vessels; Operational considerations; The final product; Appendices; Index

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Book SynopsisIn their 112-year history, the many special characteristics of Calcium Aluminate Cements have led to their use in all kinds of applications that are beyond the capabilities of other cements, such as Portland cements. This encompasses characteristics such as chemical resistance, rapid hardening properties, high temperature resistance, and an ideal component for blended systems and many more. The first International conference on calcium aluminate cements was held in London in 1990 and since then there have been further events in Edinburgh (2001) and twice in Avignon, France (2008 and 2014). This volume presents the fifth conference in this series and once again provides essential reading for anyone interested in the subject. This volume contains over 60 international contributions with the most up to date information about calcium aluminates and their unique properties. Topics covered include new types, hydration and durability studies including blended systems, the latter are now widely used and some of these have significantly different hydration chemistry to the pure calcium aluminates. A variety of applications of these interesting cements is covered, including traditional applications such as concretes for contrasting marine situations (seabed and coastal), temperature-resistant refractory applications, formulated blended systems within the building chemistry sector along with the necessary admixtures and the many uses in corrosive biogenic situations that give sewage system infrastructure a considerably longer lifespan. Other new applications are also explored including 3D printing, thermochemical storage encapsulation, oil well cements, and ettringite-based repair systems. The peer-reviewed papers presented in these proceedings include a wide variety of techniques used by the authors to deliver new understanding of aspects of these cements and will undoubtedly drive future research into the various aspects of these cements.

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Book SynopsisThere is an enormous need to map cities, rivers, coasts, roads, industrial installations and infrastructure in general, and also vulnerable areas in full three dimensions. It has to be done accurately and in detail. The main technologies for detailed 3D mapping are based on imaging devices (photogrammetry) and Lidar sensors (laser scanning). These geodata acquisition technologies routinely acquire point clouds of billions of points and have matured rapidly since the mid-1990s. They have become key geodata sources for 3D city modelling, creation of digital twins and smart cities, and inspection of roads, railways, and natural features. Many GIS analysts extensively use point clouds in the form of digital elevation models. Pointcloudmetry is the specialized branch of geomatics that encompasses the acquisition and processing of point clouds captured by Lidar devices as well as point clouds derived from photogrammetric images. The technology allows accurate and detailed geo-information about earth-related objects, including the bare earth surface, to be obtained. This book covers the entire chain from the principles of geo-referencing and the basics of electromagnetic energy up to the generation of 2.5D and 3D geoinformation. The book provides vital knowledge about the fundamentals, idiosyncrasies and unparalleled potential of point cloud technology and is an indispensable aid to acquiring competent knowledge on the processing steps necessary for converting raw data into high quality 3D geo-information.Table of ContentsSetting light on the landscape; Electromagnetic energy; Laser light; Photogrammetry and 3D computer vision; Airborne Lidar; Ground-based Lidar; Survey peculiarities; Digital elevation models; Interpolation; Ground filtering; Feature detection from images and point clouds; Point cloud processing software; Pilot studies and applications

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Book SynopsisIf anyone has ever wondered what happens in the engine room when the Captain on the bridge rings 'Full Ahead' on the telegraph then this book will enlighten the reader. This is a story of one man's life at sea, from his beginnings as a lowly cadet to his qualification as a Chief Engineer. There are many anecdotes about his experiences - some amusing and some terrifying - together with pen portraits of a few of his fellow seafarers and the places he visited. In the Treacle Mine starts in the 1960s when steam power was still the preferred option for larger and more powerful ships but over the following decade, the availability of ever more powerful and more fuel-efficient, diesel engines sounded the death knell for steam propulsion. Now there are only a few preserved steamships left as a reminder of how things used to be down below in the 'treacle mine', which was how Geordie marine engineers described the engine-room. Despite the fact that steam power has disappeared from everyday use, there are still a great many enthusiasts from all walks of life who are prepared to give up their spare time to ensure that steam lives on. This dedication means that heritage steam railways, steam traction engines and even the occasional preserved steamship, can continue to operate and give pleasure to millions of visitors every year. One whole chapter is devoted to a voyage with an 'up and downer' (a steam reciprocating engine) and although the remaining steamers were all turbine vessels which may lack the same visual appeal, there will still be much that will be of interest to any steam enthusiast. Following his experiences with steam, the author eventually began working on motor ships but these were also not without incident and there is much in this book that will spark the interest of anyone who enjoys stories of the sea and seafarers.

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Book SynopsisThe story of Leith-built ships continues in this third volume from just after the conclusion of World War Two to 1965. However, the world was different; the men came back from the front and those women who had been working in the shipyards lost their jobs. All shipyards were experiencing full order books, replacing, or repairing ships lost or damaged in the conflict, but the industry was changing albeit slowly at first. The advent of electric welding would eventually change the way ships were built leading to the demise of the Rivet Squad, which was replaced as a cost cutting exercise as it became the accepted method of ship construction. Henry Robb Shipyard participated in the massive new shipbuilding programme with a great many vessels being ordered from two of the largest customers of the yard. Many orders came from the giant Ellerman Lines, while a great many more were ordered by other customers, such as the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand. The Admiralty also remained a customer and a few large supply ships would be built in this time. In this volume the author has not forgotten the people who were the very fabric of the yard and community. Personal accounts are included from those who built or sailed on these vessels. This is the story of a mighty industry, but one which nonetheless had begun its decline. In the century from 1893, this nation went from producing 80% of all the worlds' commercial ships to producing no commercial ships at all. It is a sad fact, but this volume keeps alive the story of the Leith-built ships and the vibrant industry that once existed.

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Book SynopsisThe Irrawaddy Flotilla Company, known in colonial Burma as the ‘Fabulous Flotilla’, was the largest privately-owned fleet of ships in the world. It was an entirely Scottish enterprise with nearly all its investors, management and ship’s officers drawn from Scotland. Over 1,200 ships were ordered mainly from Clyde yards and each year carried the majority of the population of Burma on its river network without loss of life. The paddle steamers were amongst the largest in the world, innovative in design and technology, and very beautiful. The flotilla began as a naval task force in the 1820s, was commandeered in five wars, and was to end its life with the British evacuation of Burma in 1942, the greatest evacuation in British military history. Fascinating personalities emerge from Strachan’s descriptions of Irrawaddy commanders and the flotilla’s key players. The ships evolved over a hundred years into riverine versions of ocean liners with plush cabins, restaurants, shops and even post offices on board. The largest class of ships carried 5,000 passengers including royalty, celebrities of the day and famous writers like Somerset Maugham along with early tourists and big game hunters. In the second part of the book, the author who himself has spent much of his life running ships on the rivers of Burma, takes us on a journey 1,000 miles upriver to explore the different regions of the country often highlighting Scottish connections. The river is the thread through which Burma’s often tragic history, yet rich and glorious Buddhist culture, flows and only on a river journey can the country be understood. Renamed Myanmar in 1997, Burma is Scotland’s ‘lost colony’ and the Scottish connection is little remembered today due to Burma’s half a century of post-war isolation. In its 1920s heyday Burma had the highest concentration of Scots anywhere in the world, outside of Scotland, with the exception of Canada. Scots were everywhere in Burma, running everything, and even their Burmese servants spoke in ‘broad’ Scots. With the ‘opening up’ of Burma in the early 21st century the Irrawaddy watershed, where about 50 million people live in a primitive rural economy, is under threat. Deforestation on a vast scale has resulted in the silting up of once navigable channels. China, with its ‘belt and road’ system that is a euphemism to a recolonisation of the country, plans to build one of the world’s largest dams in the river’s headwaters that would devastate the country’s agriculture and fisheries. The Fabulous Flotilla provides a revealing record of this remarkable era in Burma’s history and past Scottish endeavour – a jewel of a story that may soon be lost.

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