Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisOlive culture is growing rapidly, and expanding all over the world outside traditional centres of olive growth and production. Olives are not only a significant food source, but also contribute to human health and are becoming popular in health-conscious diets far beyond their Mediterranean origins. Reviewing an extensive array of literature from both a theoretical and practical perspective, this comprehensive guide deals with all aspects of olive culture, from its history, origins and traditional techniques to the latest horticultural procedures and basic physiology. The book's accessible and broadly illustrated format makes it an indispensable text for students, interested individuals and both active and amateur horticulturists.Table of Contents1: History of olive growing 2: Olive origin and classification 3: Morphology and taxonomy of the olive 4: Structure and composition of the olive fruit 5: Acreage, number of trees of olive oil and table olives 6: Rootstocks 7: Major trends in olive farming systems in the European Union 8: Climatic and soil conditions 9: Flower bud induction and differentiation 10: Flowering, pollination, fertilization, fruiting 11: Alternate bearing 12: Fruit thinning 13: Systems of planting and canopy training 14: Propagation of olive trees 15: Olive irrigation 16: Water use efficiency by olives 17: Stress induced proline and mannitol accumulation 18: Mineral nutrition of olive trees 19: Growth and salt tolerance of olives 20: Pruning 21: Olive ripening 22: Olive fruit harvesting 23: Olive varieties 24: Table olives 25: Olive oil extraction, storage, quality, certification and authenticity 26: Olive mill products and environmental impact of olive oil production"

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to introduce the reader to the design, development, and evaluation processes of new Green Chemistry methodologies. A comprehensive introductory text, it takes a broad view of the subject and integrates a wide variety of topics. Topics covered include: alternative feedstocks, environmentally benign synthetic methodologies, designing safer chemical products, new reaction conditions, alternative solvents and catalyst development, and the use of biosynthesis and biomimetic principles. The reader is introduced to the new evaluation process that encompasses the health and environmental impact of a synthetic pathway from choice of starting materials through to target molecule. Throughout the text, comparisons and contrasts with classical methodologies are offered as illustrative examples. This accessible text is aimed at all those involved with the design, manufacture, use and disposal of chemicals and their products - especially synthetic chemicals at the graduate and professiTrade ReviewAs the summary of a vision, the book is brilliant. One can feel the enthusiasm of the authors throughout...I see it as a vehicle for initiating a fruitful dialogue between chemical producers and regulatory enforcers without the confrontation, which often characterizes such interactions. * Martyn Poliakoff, Green Chemistry, February *Its is an introductory text taking a broad view and intergrating a wide range of topics including synthetic methodologies, alternative solvents and catalysts, biosynthesis and alternative feedstocks. There are exercises for students and the last chapter deals with future trends' AslibTable of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. What is Green Chemistry? ; 3. Tools of Green Chemistry ; 4. Principles of Green Chemistry ; 5. Evaluating the Impacts of Chemistry ; 6. Evaluating Feedstocks and Starting Materials ; 7. Evaluating Reaction Types ; 8. Evaluation of Methods to Design Safer Chemicals ; 10. Future Trends in Green Chemistry

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Book SynopsisIn preparing the sixth edition of Estimating Construction Costs the author has retained the fundamental concepts of estimating that have made the book successful for many years. All of the example problems have been revised with more explanations regarding assumptions used in the calculations. This edition has reorganized and consolidated chapters to increase the clarity of the subject matter for the reader. Extensive new sections have been added on equipment, including graders equipped with GPS, and methods of calculating depreciation, investment, and operating costs of construction equipment. The computer estimating chapter is revised with additional material on the use of computers in preparing estimates for bidding purposes.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors Preface Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Bid documents Chapter 3 Estimating Process Chapter 4 Conceptual Cost Estimating Chapter 5 Cost of Construction Labor and Equipment Chapter 6 Handling and Transporting Meterial Chapter 7 Earthwork and Excavation Chapter 8 Highways and Pavements Chapter 9 Foundations Chapter 10 Concrete Structures Chapter 11 Steel Structures Chapter 12 Carpentry Chapter 13 Roofing and Flashing Chapter 14 Masonry Chapter 15 Floor Systems and Floor Finishes Chapter 16 Painting Chapter 17 Plumbing Chapter 18 Electric WiringChapter 19 Sewerage SystemsChapter 20 Water Distribution SystemsChapter 21 Total Cost of Engineering ProjectsChapter 22 Computer EstimatingAppendix Example Bid DocumentsIndex

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Book SynopsisGuide to the properties and uses of Southern African Wood is a fully illustrated, scientifically accurate guide to the characteristics, properties and uses of wood from 140 Southern African tree species. Species treatments include information on conservation status, uses, mechanical properties, durability, identification features, woodworking properties and comments from wood users on workability. Photographs of tree bark, untreated and treated wood, end-grain macrographs, as well as worked items. Provides information on historical uses, where trees grow, availability and sustainability of the woods and the practicalities of harvesting and processing. Superior quality text and excellent reproduction and printing. The only commercially available book which focuses on the properties of Southern African wood, written in a style that will appeal to a wide audience: professional woodworkers, designers, architects, wood dealers and wood collectors, hobbyists, botanists and anyone interested in trees and wood. A must-have for all who love wood and trees!

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Book SynopsisThis book answers the need for a practical, hands-on guide for assessing power stability in real time, rather than in offline simulations. Since the book is primarily geared toward the practical aspects of the subject, theoretical background is reduced to the strictest minimum. For the benefit of readers who may not be quite familiar with the underlying theoretical techniques, appendices describing key algorithms and theoretical issues are included at the end of the book. It is an excellent source for researchers, professionals, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students.Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. 1 The Real-Time and Study-Mode Data Environment in Modern SCADA/EMS (Sudhir Virmani and Savu C. Savulescu). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 SCADA/EMS Architectures. 1.3 Integrating Stability Applications with the SCADA/EMS. 1.4 References. 2 Overview of Key Stability Concepts Applied for Real-Time Operations (Savu C. Savulescu). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 In Search of the Stability Limits. 2.3 Transient and Voltage Stability Limits. 2.4 Steady-State Stability Limits. 2.5 Concluding Remarks. 2.6 References. Annex 1-1. Reactive Power Steady-State Stability Criterion dΔQ/dV. 3 LIPA Implementation of Real-Time Stability Monitoring in a CIM Compliant Environment (Loris Arnold, Janos Hajagos, Susan M. Manessis, and Anie Philip). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Static and Dynamic Security Assessment at LIPA. 3.3 Benchmarking the Real-Time Stability Application. 3.4 Practical Experience and Outlook. 3.5 References. 4 Real-Time Stability Monitoring at the Independent System Operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dusko Vickovic and Roland Eichler). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Interim Implementation of Real-Time Stability Assessment at NOS BiH. 4.3 Real-Time Stability Assessment in the New SCADA/EMS Environment. 4.4 Conclusions and Recommendations. 4.5 References. Annex 4-1. TSL, TTC, and the Stability Envelope. Annex 4-2. Siemens Implementation of the Continuation Power Flow. 5 Experience with Real-Time Stability Assessment at Transelectrica (Horia S. Campeanu, Cornel Erbasu, and Cornel Aldea). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Security Assessment Philosophy and Criteria. 5.3 Real-Time Steady-State Stability Assessment and Monitoring. 5.4 Off-Line Stability Tools in Support of System Operations. 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook. 5.6 References. 6 Implementation of Online Dynamic Security Assessment at Southern Company (Kip Morison, Lei Wang, Fred Howell, James Viikinsalo, and Alan Martin). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 DSA Implementation Fundamentals. 6.3 Transient Security Assessment Implementation at Southern Company. 6.4 Conclusions. 6.5 References. Annex 6-1. Further Details of the DSA Software and Hardware Architecture. Description of the Core DSA Software. Online DSA Implementation Using DSATools. 7 Online Security Assessment for the Brazilian System?A Detailed Modeling Approach (Jorge L. Jardim). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Security Criteria and Functions. 7.3 Solution Methods and Architecture. 7.4 Practical Implementation Aspects. 7.5 User Interface And Performance. 7.6 Concluding Remarks. 7.7 Acknowledgments. 7.8 References. 8 Dynamic Network Security Analysis in a Load Dispatch Center (Guenther Beissler, Olaf Ruhle, and Roland Eichler). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Siemens Approach to Dynamic Security Assessment. 8.3 Case Studies: Challenges, Implementation Approach, and Solution Features. 8.4 References. Annex 8-1. Further Dynamic Simulation Capabilities. Time Frame for Dynamic Simulations. Simulation in the Frequency Domain. Eigenvalue and Modal Analysis. 9 Real-Time Transient Security Assessment in Australia at NEMMCO (Stephen J. Boroczky). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Transient Security Assessment at NEMMCO. 9.3 Performance and Reliability. 9.4 Experience, Benefits, and Outlook. 9.5 References. 10 Online Voltage Security Assessment in the Hellenic Interconnected System (Costas Vournas, George Christoforidis, and Thierry Van Cutsem). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 The Control Center of HTSO. 10.3 Online VSA in the Hellenic System. 10.4 Use of Online VSA For Arming Load-Shedding Protection. 10.5 Conclusion. 10.6 References. Annex 10-1. Quasi-Steady-State Simulation. Principle of the QSS Approximation. Handling of Frequency in QSS Simulation. QSS Model of the Synchronous Machine and its Regulations. Numerical Integration of the QSS Model. 11 The Real-Time Supervision of Transmission Capacity in the Swedish Grid (Lars Sandberg and Klas Roudén). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Prior and Current Application Development at SVK. 11.3 Voltage Security Assessment with SPICA. 11.4 Benefiting from the Knowledge of the Current Transmission Capacity. 11.5 Additional SPICA Functionality. 11.6 Summary. Appendix A Dimo?s Approach to Steady-State Stability Assessment: Methodology Overview, Numerical Example, and Algorithm Validation (Roberto D. Molina Mylius, Martín Cassano, and Savu C. Savulescu). A.1 Methodology Overview. A.2 Numerical Example?Independent Testing of Algorithm Implementation. A.3 Benchmarking the Methodology. A.4 Conclusions. A.5 References. Appendix B SIME: A Comprehensive Approach to Transient Stability (Mania Pavella, Daniel Ruiz-Vega, and Mevludin Glavic). B.1 Introduction. B.2 Basic Formulation. B.3 Preventive SIME. B.4 Emergency SIME. B.5 Postface. B.6 References. Notation. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Appendix C Detection and Evaluation of Stability Constrained (Marius Pomarleanu and Savu C. Savulescu). C.1 Introduction. C.2 Approach. C.3 Conclusions. C.4 References. Index.

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Book SynopsisTompkins/White/Bozer/Tanchoco is the leading facilities planning book on the market, today. Its blending of breadth and depth of coverage are unmatched. Thousands of engineering students and practitioners have used the book to prepare them to design new facilities and expand or renovate existing facilities. The book combines applied aspects with proven quantitative methodologies. It carries the reader through the entire process of planning facilities, regardless of the application settings for the facilities.Table of ContentsPart One DEFINING REQUIREMENTS 1 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Facilities Planning Defined 3 1.2 Significance of Facilities Planning 9 1.3 Objectives of Facilities Planning 12 1.4 Facilities Planning Process 13 1.5 Strategic Facilities Planning 18 1.6 Developing Facilities Planning Strategies 21 1.7 Examples of Inadequate Planning 24 1.8 Summary 26 References 27 Problems 28 Chapter Two PRODUCT, PROCESS, AND SCHEDULE DESIGN 30 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Product Design 32 2.3 Process Design 36 2.4 Schedule Design 47 2.5 Facilities Design 63 2.6 Summary 70 References 72 Problems 74 Chapter Three FLOW SYSTEMS, ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS, AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS 83 3.1 Introduction 83 3.2 Flow Systems 84 3.3 Material Flow System 88 3.4 Departmental Planning 97 3.5 Activity Relationships 113 3.6 Space Requirements 119 3.7 Summary 129 References 129 Problems 131 Chapter Four PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS 137 4.1 Introduction 137 4.2 The Employee–Facility Interface 138 4.3 Restrooms 146 4.4 Food Services 151 4.5 Health Services 156 4.6 Barrier-Free Compliance 157 4.7 Office Facility Planning 160 4.8 Summary 170 References 170 Problems 171 Part Two DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVES: CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES 173 Chapter Five MATERIAL HANDLING 175 5.1 Introduction 175 5.2 Scope and Definitions of Material Handling 176 5.3 Material Handling Principles 179 5.4 Designing Material Handling Systems 181 5.5 Unit Load Design 186 5.6 Material Handling Equipment 204 5.7 Estimating Material Handling Costs 209 5.8 Safety Considerations 210 5.9 Summary 212 References 212 Problems 213 Appendix 5B Material Handling Equipment 215 Chapter Six LAYOUT PLANNING MODELS AND DESIGN ALGORITHMS 292 6.1 Introduction 292 6.2 Basic Layout Types 294 6.3 Layout Procedures 296 6.4 Algorithmic Approaches 302 6.5 Department Shapes and Mail Aisles 342 6.6 Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms 344 6.7 Multi-Floor Facility Layout 351 6.8 Commercial Facility Layout Packages 354 6.9 The Impact of Change 355 6.10 Developing Layout Alternatives 362 6.11 Summary 363 References 366 Problems 369 Part Three FACILITY DESIGN FOR VARIOUS FACILITIES FUNCTIONS 383 Chapter Seven WAREHOUSE OPERATIONS 385 7.1 Introduction 385 7.2 Missions of a Warehouse 387 7.3 Functions in the Warehouse 389 7.4 Receiving and Shipping Operations 391 7.5 Dock Locations 414 7.6 Storage Operations 415 7.7 Order Picking Operations 432 7.8 Summary 443 References 443 Problems 444 Chapter Eight MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 448 8.1 Introduction 448 8.2 Fixed Automation Systems 451 8.3 Flexible Manufacturing Systems 453 8.4 Single-Stage Multimachine Systems 456 8.5 Reduction in Work-in-Process 458 8.6 Just-in-Time Manufacturing 459 8.7 Facilities Planning Trends 467 8.8 Summary 468 References 469 Problems 470 Chapter Nine FACILITIES SYSTEMS 473 9.1 Introduction 473 9.2 Structural System Performance 474 9.3 Enclosure Systems 477 9.4 Atmospheric Systems 481 9.5 Electrical and Lighting Systems 490 9.6 Life Safety Systems 500 9.7 Sanitation Systems 505 9.8 Building Automation Systems 508 9.9 Facilities Maintenance Management Systems 510 9.10 Summary 510 References 511 Problems 511 Part Four DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVES: QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES 515 Chapter Ten QUANTITATIVE FACILITIES PLANNING MODELS 517 10.1 Introduction 517 10.2 Facility Location Models 518 10.3 Special Facility Layout Models 569 10.4 Machine Layout Models 577 10.5 Conventional Storage Models 580 10.6 Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems 608 10.7 Order Picking Systems 627 10.8 Fixed-Path Material Handling Models 642 10.9 Waiting Line Models 671 10.10 Simulation Models 701 10.11 Summary 705 References 705 Problems 709 Part Five EVALUATING, SELECTING, PREPARING, PRESENTING, IMPLEMENTING, AND MAINTAINING 743 Chapter Eleven EVALUATING AND SELECTING THE FACILITIES PLAN 745 11.1 Introduction 745 11.2 Evaluating Facilities Plans 748 11.3 Selecting the Facilities Plan 802 11.4 Summary 803 References 803 Problems 804 Chapter Twelve PREPARING, PRESENTING, IMPLEMENTING, AND MAINTAINING THE FACILITIES PLAN 807 12.1 Introduction 807 12.2 Preparing the Facilities Plan 807 12.3 Presenting the Facilities Plan 831 12.4 Implementing the Facilities Plan 834 12.5 Maintaining the Facilities Plan 836 12.6 Summary 839 References 839 Problems 840 INDEX 841

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Book SynopsisThe most up-to-date coverage of welding metallurgy aspects and weldability issues associated with Ni-base alloys Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel-Base Alloys describes the fundamental metallurgical principles that control the microstructure and properties of welded Ni-base alloys. It serves as a practical how-to guide that enables engineers to select the proper alloys, filler metals, heat treatments, and welding conditions to ensure that failures are avoided during fabrication and service. Chapter coverage includes: Alloying additions, phase diagrams, and phase stability Solid-solution strengthened Ni-base alloys Precipitation strengthened Ni-base alloys Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys and nickel aluminides Repair welding of Ni-base alloys Dissimilar welding Weldability testing High-chromium alloys used in nuclear power applications With its excellent balance between thTable of ContentsPreface xiii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Ni-base Alloy Classification 2 1.1.1 Commercially Pure Nickel Alloys 2 1.1.2 Solid-Solution Strengthened Alloys 3 1.1.3 Precipitation-Strengthened Alloys 4 1.1.4 Other Specialty Alloys 5 1.2 History of Nickel and Ni-base Alloys 5 1.3 Corrosion Resistance 11 1.4 Nickel Alloy Production 12 References 14 2. Alloying Additions, Phase Diagrams, and Phase Stability 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 General Influence of Alloying Additions 16 2.3 Phase Diagrams for Solid-Solution Alloys 20 2.3.1 The Ni-Cu System 20 2.3.2 The Ni-Cr System 21 2.3.3 Ni-Mo System 22 2.3.4 The Ni-Fe-Cr System 22 2.3.5 Ni-Cr-Mo System 24 2.4 Phase Diagrams for Precipitation Hardened Alloys—„¶′ƒnFormers 26 2.5 Phase Diagrams for Precipitation-Hardened Alloys—„¶″ƒnFormers 30 2.6 Calculated Phase Stability Diagrams 33 2.7 PHACOMP Phase Stability Calculations 40 References 43 3. Solid-Solution Strengthened Ni-base Alloys 47 3.1 Standard Alloys and Consumables 47 3.2 Physical Metallurgy and Mechanical Properties 51 3.3 Welding Metallurgy 57 3.3.1 Microstructural Evolution in the Fusion Zone 57 3.3.2 Heat Affected Zone 81 3.3.3 Postweld Heat Treatment 82 3.4 Mechanical Properties of Weldments 91 3.4.1 Hydrogen Effects 91 3.4.2 Postweld Heat Treatment 93 3.5 Weldability 100 3.5.1 Fusion Zone Solidification Cracking 100 3.5.2 HAZ Liquation Cracking 118 3.5.3 Avoiding Solidification and Liquation Cracking 123 3.5.4 Ductility-Dip Cracking 128 3.6 Corrosion Resistance 143 3.7 Case Studies 149 3.7.1 Pitting Corrosion in MONEL® Welds 149 References 150 4. Precipitation-Strengthened Ni-base Alloys 157 4.1 Standard Alloys and Consumables 158 4.2 Physical Metallurgy and Mechanical Properties 161 4.3 Welding Metallurgy 173 4.3.1 Microstructural Evolution in the Fusion Zone 173 4.3.2 Heat-Affected Zone 201 4.3.3 Postweld Heat Treatment 204 4.4 Mechanical Properties of Weldments 206 4.5 Weldability 207 4.5.1 Solidification Cracking 208 4.5.2 HAZ Liquation Cracking 223 4.5.3 Strain-Age Cracking 235 References 248 5. Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Alloys and Nickel Aluminides 255 5.1 Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Alloys 255 5.1.1 Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy 255 5.1.2 Welding Metallurgy 259 5.1.3 Summary of the Weldability of ODS Alloys 268 5.2 Nickel Aluminide Alloys 268 5.2.1 Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy 268 5.2.2 Weldability of the Ni-Aluminides 272 5.2.3 Summary of the Weldability of Nickel Aluminide Alloys 276 References 278 6. Repair Welding of Ni-base Alloys 281 6.1 Solid-Solution Strengthened Alloys 281 6.2 Precipitation-Strengthened Alloys 283 6.2.1 Alloy 718 284 6.2.2 Waspaloy 295 6.3 Single Crystal Superalloys 298 6.3.1 Control of Single Crystal Weld Repairs 302 6.3.2 Solidification Cracking 314 6.3.3 Optimizing Processing Parameters 317 References 324 7. Dissimilar Welding 327 7.1 Application of Dissimilar Welds 327 7.2 Influence of Process Parameters on Fusion Zone Composition 328 7.3 Carbon, Low Alloy and Stainless Steels 331 7.3.1 Determining Weld Metal Constitution 332 7.3.2 Fusion Boundary Transition Region 334 7.3.3 Weldability 342 7.4 Postweld Heat Treatment Cracking in Stainless Steels Welded with Ni-base Filler Metals 347 7.5 Super Austenitic Stainless Steels 349 7.6 Dissimilar Welds in Ni-base Alloys—Effect on Corrosion Resistance 357 7.7 9%Ni Steels 357 7.7.1 Physical Metallurgy of 9%Ni Steels 357 7.7.2 Hot Cracking of Ni-base Deposits 361 7.8 Super Duplex Stainless Steels 363 7.9 Case Studies 364 7.9.1 Postweld Heat Treatment Cracking of Thick Section Welds in Alloy 800H Made withENiCrFe-2 Filler Metal 364 7.9.2 Alloy 925 Welded with ERNiCrMo-15 (INCO-WELD 725NDUR) for Manufacturing Vacuum Insulated Oil Patch Tubing 367 7.9.3 Corrosion-Fatigue of Alloy 625 Weld Overlays 369 7.9.4 Overlay of “Safe-End” Welds using High-Cr, Ni-base Filler Metals 373 References 376 8. Weldability Testing 379 8.1 Introduction 379 8.1.1 Weldability Testing Approaches 380 8.1.2 Types of Weldability Test Techniques 380 8.2 The Varestraint Test 381 8.2.1 Technique for Quantifying Weld Solidification Cracking 383 8.2.2 Technique for Quantifying HAZ Liquation Cracking 386 8.3 Modified Cast Pin Tear Test 388 8.4 The Sigmajig Test 392 8.5 The Hot Ductility Test 394 8.6 The Strain-to-Fracture Test 399 8.7 Other Weldability Tests 401 References 402 Appendix A Composition of Wrought and Cast Nickel-Base Alloys 403 Appendix B Composition of Nickel and Nickel Alloy Consumables 409 Appendix C Corrosion Acceptance Testing Methods 415 Appendix D Etching Techniques for Ni-base Alloys and Welds 419 Author Index 423 Subject Index 431

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Book SynopsisAn understanding of the extended finite element method (XFEM) is critical for users, developers, researchers, and engineers working on industrial products. The first guide to the foundations of XFEM and its implementation, this book demystifies the theory behind this method and makes it accessible to anyone with previous knowledge of FEM.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Finite Element Method 2 1.2 Suitability of the Finite Element Method 9 1.3 Some Limitations of the FEM 11 1.4 The Idea of Enrichment 16 1.5 Conclusions 19 2 A Step-by-Step Introduction to Enrichment 23 2.1 History of Enrichment for Singularities and Localized Gradients 25 2.2 Weak Discontinuities for One-dimensional Problems 38 2.3 Strong Discontinuities for One-dimensional Problem 58 2.4 Conclusions 61 3 Partition of Unity Revisited 67 3.1 Completeness, Consistency, and Reproducing Conditions 67 3.2 Partition of Unity 68 3.3 Enrichment 69 3.4 Numerical Examples 86 3.5 Conclusions 95 4 Advanced Topics 99 4.1 Size of the Enrichment Zone 99 4.2 Numerical Integration 100 4.3 Blending Elements and Corrections 108 4.4 Preconditioning Techniques 116 5 Applications 125 5.1 Linear Elastic Fracture in Two Dimensions with XFEM 125 5.2 Numerical Enrichment for Anisotropic Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 130 5.3 Creep and Crack Growth in Polycrystals 133 5.4 Fatigue Crack Growth Simulations 138 5.5 Rectangular Plate with an Inclined Crack Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical Loading 140 6 Recovery-Based Error Estimation and Bounding in XFEM 145 6.1 Introduction 145 6.2 Error Estimation in the Energy Norm. The ZZ Error Estimator 147 6.3 Recovery-based Error Estimation in XFEM 151 6.4 Recovery Techniques in Error Bounding. Practical Error Bounds. 174 6.5 Error Estimation in Quantities of Interest 179 7 Φ-FEM: An Efficient Simulation Tool Using Simple Meshes for Problems in Structure Mechanics and Heat Transfer 191 7.1 Introduction 191 7.2 Linear Elasticity 194 7.3 Linear Elasticity with Multiple Materials 204 7.4 Linear Elasticity with Cracks 208 7.5 Heat Equation 212 7.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 214 8 eXtended Boundary Element Method (XBEM) for Fracture Mechanics and Wave Problems 217 8.1 Introduction 217 8.2 Conventional BEM Formulation 218 8.3 Shortcomings of the Conventional Formulations 226 8.4 Partition of Unity BEM Formulation 228 8.5 XBEM for Accurate Fracture Analysis 228 8.6 XBEM for ShortWave Simulation 235 8.7 Conditioning and its Control 243 8.8 Conclusions 245 9 Combined Extended Finite Element and Level Set Method (XFE-LSM) for Free Boundary Problems 249 9.1 Motivation 249 9.2 The Level Set Method 250 9.3 Biofilm Evolution 256 9.4 Conclusion 269 10 XFEM for 3D Fracture Simulation 273 10.1 Introduction 273 10.2 Governing Equations 274 10.3 XFEM Enrichment Approximation 275 10.4 Vector Level Set 280 10.5 Computation of Stress Intensity Factor 282 10.6 Numerical Simulations 288 10.7 Summary 300 11 XFEM Modeling of Cracked Elastic-Plastic Solids 303 11.1 Introduction 303 11.2 Conventional von Mises Plasticity 303 11.3 Strain Gradient Plasticity 312 11.4 Conclusions 323 12 An Introduction to Multiscale analysis with XFEM 329 12.1 Introduction 329 12.2 Molecular Statics 330 12.3 Hierarchical Multiscale Models of Elastic Behavior -- The Cauchy-Born Rule 336 12.4 Current Multiscale Analysis -- The Bridging Domain Method 338 12.5 The eXtended Bridging Domain Method 340 References 344 Index 345

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Tewari emphasizes the physical principles and engineering applications of modern control system design. Instead of detailing the mathematical theory, MATLAB examples are used throughout.Table of ContentsPreface xiii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 What is Control? 1 1.2 Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Control Systems 2 1.3 Other Classifications of Control Systems 6 1.4 On the Road to Control System Analysis and Design 10 1.5 MATLAB, SIMULINK, and the Control System Toolbox 11 References 12 2. Linear Systems and Classical Control 13 2.1 How Valid is the Assumption of Linearity? 13 2.2 Singularity Functions 22 2.3 Frequency Response 26 2.4 Laplace Transform and the Transfer Function 36 2.5 Response to Singularity Functions 51 2.6 Response to Arbitrary Inputs 58 2.7 Performance 62 2.8 Stability 71 2.9 Root-Locus Method 73 2.10 Nyquist Stability Criterion 77 2.11 Robustness 81 2.12 Closed-Loop Compensation Techniques for Single-Input, Single-Output Systems 87 2.12.1 Proportional-integral-derivative compensation 88 2.12.2 Lag, lead, and lead-lag compensation 96 2.13 Multivariable Systems 105 Exercises 115 References 124 3. State-Space Representation 125 3.1 The State-Space: Why Do I Need lt? 125 3.2 Linear Transformation of State-Space Representations 140 3.3 System Characteristics from State-Space Representation 146 3.4 Special State-Space Representations: The Canonical Forms 152 3.5 Block Building in Linear, Time-Invariant State-Space 160 Exercises 168 References 170 4. Solving the State-Equations 171 4.1 Solution of the Linear Time Invariant State Equations 171 4.2 Calculation of the State-Transition Matrix 176 4.3 Understanding the Stability Criteria through the State-Transition Matrix 183 4.4 Numerical Solution of Linear Time-Invariant State-Equations 184 4.5 Numerical Solution of Linear Time-Varying State-Equations 196 4.6 Numerical Solution of Nonlinear State-Equations 204 4.7 Simulating Control System Response with SIMULINK 213 Exercises 216 References 218 5. Control System Design in State-Space 219 5.1 Design: Classical vs. Modern 219 5.2 Controllability 222 5.3 Pole-Placement Design Using Full-State Feedback 228 5.3.1 Pole-placement regulator design for single-input plants 230 5.3.2 Pole-placement regulator design for multi-input plants 245 5.3.3 Pole-placement regulator design for plants with noise 247 5.3.4 Pole-placement design of tracking systems 251 5.4 Observers, Observability, and Compensators 256 5.4.1 Pole-placement design of full-order observers and compensators 258 5.4.2 Pole-placement design of reduced-order observers and compensators 269 5.4.3 Noise and robustness issues 276 Exercises 277 References 282 6. Linear Optimal Control 283 6.1 The Optimal Control Problem 283 6.1.l The general optimal control formulation for regulators 284 6.1.2 Optimal regulator gain matrix and the riccati equation 286 6.2 Infinite-Time Linear Optimal Regulator Design 288 6.3 Optimal Control of Tracking Systems 298 6.4 Output Weighted Linear Optimal Control 308 6.5 Terminal Time Weighting: Solving the Matrix Riccati Equation 312 Exercises 318 References 321 7. Kalman Filters 323 7.1 Stochastic Systems 323 7.2 Filtering of Random Signals 329 7.3 White Noise, and White Noise Filters 334 7.4 The Kalman Filter 339 7.5 Optimal (Linear, Quadratic, Gaussian) Compensators 351 7.6 Robust Multivariable LQG Control: Loop Transfer Recovery 356 Exercises 370 References 371 8. Digital Control Systems 373 8. l What are Digital Systems? 373 8.2 A/D Conversion and the z-Transform 375 8.3 Pulse Transfer Functions of Single-Input, Single-Output Systems 379 8.4 Frequency Response of Single-Input, Single-Output Digital Systems 384 8.5 Stability of Single-Input, Single-Output Digital Systems 386 8.6 Performance of Single-Input, Single-Output Digital Systems 390 8.7 Closed-Loop Compensation Techniques for Single-Input, Single-Output Digital Systems 393 8.8 State-Space Modeling of Multivariable Digital Systems 396 8.9 Solution of Linear Digital State-Equations 402 8.10 Design of Multivariable, Digital Control Systems Using Pole-Placement: Regulators, Observers, and Compensators 406 8.11 Linear Optimal Control of Digital Systems 415 8.12 Stochastic Digital Systems, Digital Kalman Filters, and Optimal Digital Compensators 424 Exercises 432 References 436 9. Advanced Topics in Modern Control 437 9.1 Introduction 437 9.2 H∞ Robust, Optimal Control 437 9.3 Structured Singular Value Synthesis for Robust Control 442 9.4 Time-Optimal Control with Pre-shaped Inputs 446 9.5 Output-Rate Weighted Linear Optimal Control 453 9.6 Nonlinear Optimal Control 455 Exercises 463 References 465 Appendix A: Introduction to MATLAB, SIMULINK and the Control System Toolbox 467 Appendix B: Review of Matrices and Linear Algebra 481 Appendix C: Mass, Stiffness, and Control Influence Matrices of the Flexible Spacecraft 487 Answers to Selected, Exercises 489 Index 495

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Book SynopsisExamines structural aspects of high rise buildings, particularly fundamental approaches to the analysis of the behavior of different forms of building structures including frame, shear wall, tubular, core and outrigger-braced systems. Introductory chapters discuss the forces to which the structure is subjected, design criteria which are of the greatest relevance to tall buildings, and various structural forms which have developed over the years since the first skyscrapers were built at the turn of the century. A major chapter is devoted to the modeling of real structures for both preliminary and final analyses. Considerable attention is devoted to the assessment of the stability of the structure, and the significance of creep and shrinkage is discussed. A final chapter is devoted to the dynamic response of structures subjected to wind and earthquake forces. Includes both accurate computer-based and approximate methods of analysis.Table of ContentsTall Buildings. Design Criteria. Loading. Structural Form. Modeling for Analysis. Braced Frames. Rigid-Frame Structures. Infilled-Frame Structures. Shear Wall Structures. Coupled Shear Wall Structures. Wall-Frame Structures. Tubular Structures. Core Structures. Outrigger-Braced Structures. Generalized Theory. Stability of High-Rise Buildings. Dynamic Analysis. Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisDescribes the main computer modelling techniques that constitute the basic framework of modern power system analysis. Basic knowledge of power system theory, matrix analysis and numerical techniques is presumed, although appendices and references are included to provide the relevant background.Table of ContentsLoad Flow. Three-Phase Load Flow. A.C.-D.C. Load Flow. Faulted System Studies. Power System Stability--Basic Model. Power System Stability--Advanced Component Modeling. Analysis of Electromagnetic Transients. Analysis of Harmonic Propagation. Analysis of System Optimization and Security. A Graphical Power System Analysis Package. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisDescribes the rotordynamic considerations that are important to the successful design or troubleshooting of a turbomachine.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Rotordynamic Considerations in Turbomachinery Design. Torsional Vibration Analysis. Critical Speeds and Response to Imbalance. Rotor Balancing in Turbomachinery. Bearings and Seals. Rotordynamic Instability in Turbomachinery. Measurements.

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Book SynopsisThis book keeps process engineers updated on the effective methodologies that process safety demands. Almost 200 pages of worked examples are included to facilitate understanding. References for further reading, along with charts and diagrams that reflect the latest views and information, make this a completely accessible work.Trade Review"This book will be a most valuable reference source for any chemical engineer who has to conduct or be involved in hazard evaluation studies." (Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, November 2008)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements xi List of Tables xiii List of Figures xvii Abbreviations and Acronyms xix Glossary xxi Part I: Hazard Evaluation Procedures Preface 3 Management Overview 11 1 Introduction to the Guidelines 15 2 Preparation for Hazard Evaluations 35 3 Hazard Identification Methods 51 4 Non- Scenario-Based Hazard Evaluation Procedures 71 5 Scenario- Based Hazard Evaluation Procedures 99 6 Selection of Hazard Evaluation Techniques 175 7 Risk- Based Determination of the Adequacy of Safeguards 211 8 Analysis Follow- Up Considerations 233 9 Extensions and Special Applications 257 Part II: Worked Examples and Appendices Preface to the Worked Examples 297 Management Overview of the Worked Examples 299 10 Introduction to the Worked Examples 301 11 Description of the Example Facility and Process 305 12 Hazard Identification for the Example Process 309 13 Research and Development- What- If Analysis 315 14 Conceptual Design- Preliminary Hazard Analysis 327 15 Pilot Plant Operation- HAZOP Study 339 16 Detailed Engineering- Fault Tree and Event Tree Analysis 365 17 Construction/ Start-Up - Checklist Analysis and Safety Review 379 18 Routine Operation - Safety Review for Management of Change 389 19 Routine Operation - HAZOP Study for Cyclic Review 395 20 Plant Expansion- Relative Ranking and HAZOP for a Batch Process 409 21 Incident Investigation- FMEA and HRA 435 22 Decommissioning - What- If/ Checklist Analysis 451 Appendices 462 Selected Bibliography 535 Index 537

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Book SynopsisPlastic behaviour and plastic stress-strain relations of structural engineering materials, particularly steel, but also including concrete and soils, are covered here.Trade Review"...Overall the book is well written and the presentation of each subject is systematic and coherent..." (Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. PART I: PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES UNDER UNIAXIAL STRESS-FUNDAMENTALS. Uniaxial Stress-Strain Relations. Plastic Bars and Yield Hinges. Incremental Analysis. Elementary Limit Analysis. Theorems of Limit Analysis. Methods of Limit Analysis. Linear Programming in Limit Analysis. Displacement at Incipient Collapse. PART II: PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES UNDER UNIAXIAL STRESS-FURTHER TOPICS. Nonproportional and Cyclic Loads. Theorems of Shakedown Analysis. Methods of Shakedown Analysis. Optimum Design. Combined Plastic Bending and Compression or Tension. Plasticity Aspects of Reinforced Concrete. Part III: PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS. Simple Elastoplastic Constitutive Models. Theorems of Plastic Analysis in Multiaxial Case. Plastic Torsion and Shear. Limit Loads of Plates. Plane Problems. PART IV: ADVANCED TOPICS IN PLASTICITY. General Elastoplastic Constitutive Models. Plastic Material Models for Concrete and Soils. Numerical Methods in Plasticity. Thermodynamic Approach to Constitutive Modeling. Elastoplastic Constitutive Models for Large Strain. Crystal Plasticity and Microplane Constitutive Models. PART V: TIME-DEPENDENT INELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF METALS AND CONCRETE. Models for Localization of Softening and Size Effect. Viscoplasticity. Material Models for Concrete Creep and shrinkage. Creep and Shrinkage Effects in concrete Structures. Appendix A: Linear Elastic Trusses. Appendix B: Linear Elastic Beams and Frames. Appendix C: Linear Programming. Appendix D: Cartesian Tensors and Elasticity. Appendix E: Model B3 for Predicting Concrete Creep and Shrinkage. Appendix F: Softening Inelastic Hinges: Deviations from Plasticity and Size Effects. References. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisComprehensive, classic introduction to space-flight engineering for advanced undergraduate and graduate students provides basic tools for quantitative analysis of the motions of satellites and other vehicles in space.

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Book SynopsisDetails all the issues and applications of reliability engineering relevant to the use and purchase of equipment. Introduces reliability terminology for the non-specialist. Discusses product procurement based on life cycle cost, the total expenditure of ownership as opposed to merely acquisition, procurement dependability specifications, equipment inspection frequency, optimization of replacement, overhaul tactics and schedules. Explains how to collect, analyze and monitor field failure data in order to build up dependable reliability data banks for future use.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Reliability Basics. Probability Concepts and Applications. Mean Time to Failure and Mean Time Between Failures. LIFE CYCLE COST PROCUREMENT. Life Cycle Cost: Concepts, Constituents and Models. Dependability and Life Cycle Cost. PROCUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS. Allocation of Subsystem Dependability Needs. COMPARATIVE PRODUCT EVALUATION. Product Selection and Evaluation. FAILURE REPORTING AND DATA ANALYSIS. Failure Reporting and Analysis. Aging Analysis of Repairable Equipment. INSPECTION FREQUENCY OPTIMIZATION. Inspection Frequency Optimization. REPLACEMENT AND OVERHAUL POLICIES. Replacement Policies: Concepts, Methods and Models. Replacement with Ongoing Technological Change. Appendices. Selected Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Semiconductor Manufacturing and Process Control examines in detail the methodology by which electronic materials and supplies are converted into finished integrated circuits, and electronic products in a high-volume manufacturing environment.Trade Review"…offers insight into the IC manufacturing process…[to] the practicing engineer or interested professional." (IEEE Circuits & Devices Magazine, November/December 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction to Semiconductor Manufacturing. Objectives. Introduction. 1.1. Historical Evolution. 1.2. Modern Semiconductor Manufacturing. 1.3. Goals of Manufacturing. 1.4. Manufacturing Systems. 1.5. Outline for Remainder of the Book. Summary. Problems. References. 2. Technology Overview. Objectives. Introduction. 2.1. Unit Processes. 2.2. Process Integration. Summary. Problems. References. 3. Process Monitoring. Objectives. Introduction. 3.1. Process Flow and Key Measurement Points. 3.2. Wafer State Measurements. 3.3. Equipment State Measurements. Summary. Problems. References. 4. Statistical Fundamentals. Objectives. Introduction. 4.1. Probability Distributions. 4.2. Sampling from a Normal Distribution. 4.3. Estimation 4.4. Hypothesis Testing. Summary. Problems. Reference. 5. Yield Modeling. Objectives. Introduction. 5.1. Definitions of Yield Components. 5.2. Functional Yield Models. 5.3. Functional Yield Model Components. 5.4. Parametric Yield. 5.5. Yield Simulation. 5.6. Design Centering. 5.7. Process Introduction and Time-to-Yield. Summary. Problems. References. 6. Statistical Process Control. Objectives. Introduction. 6.1. Control Chart Basics. 6.2. Patterns in Control Charts. 6.3. Control Charts for Attributes. 6.4. Control Charts for Variables. 6.5. Multivariate Control. 6.6. SPC with Correlated Process Data. Summary. Problems. References. 7. Statistical Experimental Design. Objectives. Introduction. 7.1. Comparing Distributions. 7.2. Analysis of Variance. 7.3. Factorial Designs. 7.4. Taguchi Method. Summary. Problems. References. 8. Process Modeling. Objectives. Introduction. 8.1. Regression Modeling. 8.2. Response Surface Methods. 8.3. Evolutionary Operation. 8.4. Principal-Component Analysis. 8.5. Intelligent Modeling Techniques. 8.6. Process Optimization. Summary. Problems. References. 9. Advanced Process Control. Objectives. Introduction. 9.1. Run-by-Run Control with Constant Term Adaptation. 9.2. Multivariate Control with Complete Model Adaptation. 9.3. Supervisory Control. Summary. Problems. References. 10. Process and Equipment Diagnosis. Objectives. Introduction. 10.1. Algorithmic Methods. 10.2. Expert Systems. 10.3. Neural Network Approaches. 10.4. Hybrid Methods. Summary. Problems. References. Appendix A: Some Properties of the Error Function. Appendix B: Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution. Appendix C: Percentage Points of the χ2 Distribution. Appendix D: Percentage Points of the t Distribution. Appendix E: Percentage Points of the F Distribution. Appendix F: Factors for Constructing Variables Control Charts. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn advanced treatment of the main concepts of radar. Systematic and organized, it nicely balances readability with mathematical rigor.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: RADAR MEASUREMENTS. Delay and Range. Doppler Shift and Range Rate. CROSS SECTION OF RADAR TARGETS. Spheres. Radar Cross Section of Antennas. RADAR DETECTION. Integration. Binary Integration and Cumulative Probabilities. GROUND EFFECTS-MULTIPATH AND CLUTTER. The Rayleigh Criterion. Multipath Propagation. THE MATCHED FILTER. Example of a Matched Filter. Complex Representation of Bandpass Signals. THE AMBIGUITY FUNCTION. Proving Rules (a)-(d) of the Ambiguity Function. THE AMBIGUITY FUNCTION OF BASIC SIGNALS. Single-frequency Pulse. Coherent Pulse Train. CODED RADAR SIGNALS. Frequency coding (Costas Signals). Phase Coding. ACCURACY OF RADAR MEASUREMENTS. Delay Estimation Using the Signal Envelope. Measurement Accuracy and the Ambiguity Function. PROCESSING A COHERENT PULSE TRAIN. I & Q Sampling. Imbalance inthe I & Q Channels. MOVING-TARGET INDICATOR (MTI). Clutter Spectrum. Double Canceller. CONSTANT FALSE-ALARM RATE (CFAR). Cell-averaging CFAR. Cluttered Map CFAR. SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR). Phase and Frequency History of a Point Target. Range Migration. MONOPULSE ANTENNA TRACKING. Monopulse Systems. Monopulse Accuracy. Index.

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Book SynopsisA multi-disciplinary, multi-industry overview of microbiologically influenced corrosion, with strategies for diagnosis and control or prevention Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion helps engineers and scientists understand and combat the costly failures that occur due to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).Trade Review"...strongly recommended for engineers and scientists that design components that might be exposed to MIC…would also make an excellent text…" (Journal of Metals Online, October 23, 2007)Table of Contents1. Biofilm Formation. 2. Causative Organisms and Possible Mechanisms. 3. Diagnosing MIC. 4. Electrochemical Techniques Applied to MIC. 5. Approaches for Monitoring MIC. 6. Impact of Alloying Elements to Susceptibility of MIC. 7. Design Features that Determine MIC. 8. Case Histories. 9. MIC of Non-metallics. 10. Strategies to Prevent or Mitigate MIC.

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the use of aluminium for structural and non-structural applications and provides an introduction to designing structures made from aluminium or aluminium alloy elements. It comprises a ready reference to the material properties and behaviour of aluminium, and its use in structural design. In the context of information about the material itself, fabrication, structural design and corrosion, structural analysis, serviceability, element design and fatigue the author considers the strengths of designing with aluminium alloy members and how any weaknesses can be overcome. Reference is made throughout to EN 1999, Eurocode 9, and its design methods are discussed and illustrated. With most of its structural strength properties close to steel and with consideration for the special properties of aluminium alloys, there is considerable scope to make better use of this material in construction. Many years of working with aluminium have provided the author with the knowledge to avoid pitfalls and problems in design, fabrication and protection of structures, thus avoiding costly remedial work.Trade Review'...a succinct coverage of all basic aspects of the stuctural of aluminium members, joints and systems based on the provisions of BS8118 and, more particularly, EC9. It is very clearly written, easy to follow and introduces the reader to the background to each topic before providing a commentary on the use of the Code provisions. ...it is well suited to those encountering in the structural use of aluminium for the first time. ...it should prove extremely useful to practitioners confronted with the need to design using aluminium.' Engineering Structures 'Ulrich Muller's book effectively highlights the properties and applications of aluminium, giving information about the material itself, as well as its fabrication, structural design and corrosion potential. ... Additionally, the book considers design standards such as the British Standard and Eurocode. The book is well designed and organised. It allows the reader to consider how aluminium might be improved structurally to be used more widely in future, in order to save money and meet not only structural requirements but also safety and serviceability.' Times Higher EducationTable of ContentsIntroduction; Aluminium - the material; Structural analysis; Serviceability limit states; Ultimate states; Fatigue; Structural member design; Connections; Corrosion prevention; Appendixes - Tables of dimensions and properties, Butt weld joint types, Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisThis text is unique in providing a broad overview of the latest aeronautical radio communication systems, as well as looking forward to future developments. The book is divided into three clear parts: Theory, System Level and Practicalities which covers the basic theory and physics governing aeronautical radio systems and networks.Table of ContentsPreface xvii Dedications xviii About the Author xviii Revisions, Corrections, Updates, Liability xix Book Layout and Structure xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Legacy 1 1.2 Today and the Second Generation of Equipment 1 1.3 The Future 3 1.4 Operational and User Changes 3 1.5 Radio Spectrum Used by Aviation 4 1.6 Discussion of the Organizational Structure of Aviation Communications Disciplines 6 2 Theory Governing Aeronautical Radio Systems 9 Summary 9 2.1 Basic Definitions 10 2.2 Propagation Fundamentals 11 2.3 Power, Amplitudes and the Decibel Scale 14 2.4 The Isotropic Power Source and Free Space Path Loss 15 2.5 Radio Geometry 19 2.6 Complex Propagation: Refraction, Absorption, Non-LOS Propagation 25 2.7 Other Propagation Effects 37 2.8 Modulation 38 2.9 Shannon’s Theory 62 2.10 Multiplexing and Trunking 62 2.11 Access Schemes 66 2.12 Mitigation Techniques for Fading and Multipath 71 2.13 Bandwidth Normalization 77 2.14 Antenna Gain 80 2.15 The Link Budget 87 2.16 Intermodulation 88 2.17 Noise in a Communication System 92 2.18 Satellite Theory 93 2.19 Availability and Reliability 99 Further Reading 104 3 VHF Communication 105 Summary 105 3.1 History 105 3.2 DSB-AM Transceiver at a System Level 110 3.3 Dimensioning a Mobile Communications System–The Three Cs 113 3.4 Regulatory and Licensing Aspects 123 3.5 VHF ‘Hardening’ and Intermodulation 125 3.6 The VHF Datalink 126 Further Reading 143 4 Military Communication Systems 145 Summary 145 4.1 Military VHF Communications – The Legacy 145 4.2 After the Legacy 146 4.3 The Shortfalls of the Military VHF Communication System 147 4.4 The Requirement for a New Tactical Military System 147 4.5 The Birth of JTIDS/MIDS 147 4.6 Technical Definitionof JTIDS and MIDS 148 5 Long-Distance Mobile Communications 157 Summary 157 5.1 High-Frequency Radio – The Legacy 157 5.2 Allocation and Allotment 158 5.3 HF System Features 158 5.4 HF Datalink System 162 5.5 Applications of Aeronautical HF 163 5.6 Mobile Satellite Communications 165 5.7 Comparison Between VHF, HF, L Band (JTIDS/MIDS) and Satellite Mobile Communications 175 5.8 Aeronautical Passenger Communications 175 Further Reading 175 6 Aeronautical Telemetry Systems 177 Summary 177 6.1 Introduction – The Legacy 177 6.2 Existing Systems 178 6.3 Productivity and Applications 182 6.4 Proposed Airbus Future Telemetry System 183 6.5 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 185 7 Terrestrial Backhaul and the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network 187 Summary 187 7.1 Introduction 187 7.2 Types of Point-to-point Bearers 188 8 Future Aeronautical Mobile Communication Systems 201 Summary 201 8.1 Introduction 202 8.2 Near-term Certainties 202 8.3 Longer Term Options 210 Further Reading 219 9 The Economics of Radio 221 Summary 221 9.1 Introduction 221 9.2 Basic Rules of Economics 221 9.3 Analysis and the Break-even Point 222 9.4 The Cost of Money 222 9.5 The Safety Case 225 9.6 Reliability Cost 226 9.7 Macroeconomics 227 10 Ground Installations and Equipment 229 Summary 229 10.1 Introduction 229 10.2 Practical Equipment VHF Communication Band (118–137 MHz) 233 10.3 Outdoor 245 11 Avionics 259 Summary 259 11.1 Introduction 259 11.2 Environment 259 11.3 Types of Aircraft 268 11.4 Simple Avionics for Private Aviation 272 11.5 The Distributed Avionics Concept 273 11.6 Avionic Racking Arrangements 282 11.7 Avionic Boxes 284 11.8 Antennas 294 11.9 Mastering the Co-site Environment 301 11.10 Data Cables, Power Cables, Special Cables, Coaxial Cables 303 11.11 Certification and Maintaining Airworthiness 303 Further Reading 304 12 Interference, Electromagnetic Compatibility, Spectrum Management and Frequency Management 307 Summary 307 12.1 Introduction 308 12.2 Interference 308 12.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility 314 12.4 Spectrum Management Process 318 12.5 Frequency Management Process 322 Further Reading 324 Appendix 1 Summary of All Equations (Constants, Variables and Conversions) 325 Appendix 2 List of Symbols and Variables from Equations 333 Appendix 3 List of Constants 335 Appendix 4 Unit Conversions 337 Appendix 5 List of Abbreviations 339 Index 345

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Book SynopsisPractical Stone Masonry is the first major book in nearly seventy years on the craft of the stonemason. Today the work of the stonemason is almost exclusively confined to the repair of historic buildings, requiring a full working knowledge of the detailed traditional craft practices relating to repairs. This book addresses that need. It covers the basic methods of working stone, the making of specialized tools, and, for the first time, a full analysis of the procedures for setting-out for repairs. A broad description of the nature and problems of stone also includes guidance on selection. In addition, the authors look at the causes of decay in stone and outline methods for repair of both stone and mortar. "Practical Stone Masonry" contains essential advice for working masons and apprentices, and all those engaged in planning and supervising such works. It includes: the basic methods of working stone; how to make specialized tools; the procedures for setting-out for repairs explained; and, the nature and problems of stone plus a guide to selection.Trade ReviewWhat a delight this book is ... it should be obligatory reading for all stonemasons, as well as other professionals involved in the industry, particularly architects. Natural Stone Specialist It should serve as an invaluable aid for those who supervise stonework repairs. The Valuer The authors have a profound knowledge of masonry and are able to communicate it in direct simple English which it is a delight to read. Church Building This compact and clearly written book provides factual information that will be of use to all professions involved in the design, construction and renovation of stone buildings. ContextTable of ContentsAn architectural history of the trade;Health and safety at work; Stone: its nature and problems; Setting-out: the fundamentals; Setting out: the application of geometrical shapes; Masons' hand tools; The banker shop, lifting tackle and machinery; Mortar; Working stone; Fixing; Cleaning methods; Supervision and specification; Training into the 21st century; Glossary of architectural and technical terms.

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Book SynopsisMining in World History deals with the history of mining and smelting from the Renaissance to the present day, drawing out, in an engaging and fast-paced fashion, the interplay of personalities, politics and technology which have together shaped the metallurgical industries over the last 500 years. Martin Lynch opens with the invention, sometime before the year 1453, of a revolutionary technique for separating silver from copper, an event that revived the rich copper-silver mines of central Europe and the ruling ambitions of the Habsburg emperors who owned them. The author shows how the flood of silver from Spain's newly-conquered American colonies brought about the demise of these mines, and goes on to examine the far-reaching changes brought to mining and smelting by the steam engine and the Industrial Revolution. The book then looks at the era of the gold rushes and the comprehensive developments in mineral extraction and technology that took place in the United States and South Africa at the end of the nineteenth century, and describes the spread of mass metal-production techniques across the world amid the violent struggles of the twentieth century and the energy crises of the 1970s. Written by an author vastly experienced in the field, Mining in World History is the first book to provide an account of how and why change and advance in this global industry have taken place in different eras and locations around the world. As such it will appeal to the industry specialist as well as to the general reader who wants to know more about a field that has been fundamental to the construction of industrial civilization.Trade Review'This is quite simply the best history ever published on the role of mining in shaping world events. It performs the huge task of making sense of a complex range of industries that took many forms and produced many products, over centuries of change and development across every continent on earth. It does so in just 350 pages of succinct but comprehensive prose, remarkably free of errors of both fact and judgment ...Martin Lynch has managed to present the big picture of mining.' -Historic Environment 'This is quite simply the best history ever published on the role of mining in shaping world events. It performs the huge task of making sense of a complex range of industries that took many forms and produced many products, over centuries of change and development across every continent on earth. It does so in just 350 pages of succinct but comprehensive prose, remarkably free of errors of both fact and judgment ... Martin Lynch has managed to present the big picture of mining.' - Historic Environment 'A very profound book about a very profound subject. It can, and will, be used as a reference work, yet it is a splendid story well told. The reader with an interest in history, politics, and economics will find the book rewarding indeed ... The reader with a background in mining history will find the book a joy from beginning to end. The book builds momentum, the farther along the reader progresses, the more exciting the narrative becomes.' - Anthracite History Journal

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisBetween 1608 and 1610 the canopy of the night sky was ripped open by an object created almost by accident: a cylinder with lenses at both ends. Galileo’s Telescope tells how this ingenious device evolved into a precision instrument that would transcend the limits of human vision and transform humanity’s view of its place in the cosmos.Trade ReviewMakes available to the general reader one of the most fascinating stories in the history of science. -- Mark Archer * Wall Street Journal *A rich and complex story of how the Galilean telescope emerged from the Dutch spyglass. In Galileo’s Telescope, Massimo Bucciantini, Michele Camerota, and Franco Giudice—three distinguished historians of science who have written extensively on Galileo—retell this famous story in light of considerable new evidence and their own firm grasp of the twists and turns of [its] history. Fundamentally, they remind us that we need to stop looking only at Galileo… Surveying the entire European landscape in the years immediately before and after Galileo’s announcement, this book offers a comprehensive vision of how an entire world, rather than a single if singular individual, gave birth to the telescope. -- Paula Findlen * Los Angeles Review of Books *[A] hugely enjoyable book, by far the most lively and challenging book on Galileo to appear in decades…Everyone who’s ever looked up at the night sky and wondered should read it and re-make the acquaintance of the man who showed us all what we were really looking at. -- Steve Donoghue * Open Letters Monthly *Galileo’s Telescope opens the door to a whole society going through deep transformation…The book will be satisfying to anyone wanting a wider cultural perspective on this most unsettling time. -- Brian Welter * Catholic News Service *Project[s] a sense of how new ways of seeing, far from merely providing new tools, were—and are—complicated extensions of the way we understand our experience. -- Philip Ball * Nature *Galileo’s Telescope is a new account of this turning point in the history of western civilization, and its authors—three Italian history of science professors—give equal weight to the telescope’s scientific, cultural and political impacts. Translated into lucid English by Catherine Bolton, the book is full of entertaining insights and asides… Modern anxieties tend to focus on what science enables us to do, but Galileo’s Telescope reminds us that the truly subversive potential of science lies in what it enables us to imagine. -- Marek Kukula * The Spectator *Using letters, paintings and other contemporary documents, Massimo Bucciantini, Michele Camerata and Franco Giudice show, in meticulous detail, that the dissemination of Galileo’s discoveries was by no means linear and straightforward. -- Robyn Arianrhod * Times Higher Education *In broad outline, the story of Galileo and the first use of a telescope in astronomy is well known. Bucciantini, Camerota, and Giudice take a new look at this seminal event by focusing on how the news spread across Europe and how it was received. Their well-written narrative examines the central issues using papers, paintings, letters, and other contemporary documents… After four centuries [Galileo’s] reputation has been thoroughly vindicated. -- D. E. Hogg * Choice *Over six decades I have read many biographies of Galileo and his discoveries, but never have I encountered a more exciting presentation. Reading about the prompt pushback against Galileo in Florence itself was an eye-opener, to mention a special climax to this brilliantly researched and illustrated account. -- Owen Gingerich, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

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Book SynopsisEssential project management forms aligned to the PMBOK GuideSixth Edition A Project Manager''s Book of Forms is an essential companion to the Project Management Institute''s A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. Packed with ready-made forms for managing every stage in any project, this book offers both new and experienced project managers an invaluable resource for thorough documentation and repeatable processes. Endorsed by PMI and aligned with the PMBOK Guide, these forms cover all aspects of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing; each form can be used as-is directly from the book, or downloaded from the companion website and tailored to your project''s unique needs. This new third edition has been updated to align with the newest PMBOK Guide, and includes forms for agile, the PMI Talent Triangle, technical project management, leadership, straTable of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction ix New for this Edition ix Audience ix Organization x 1 Initiating Forms 1 1.0 Initiating Process Group 1 1.1 Project Charter 2 1.2 Assumption Log 9 1.3 Stakeholder Register 12 1.4 Stakeholder Analysis 15 2 Planning Forms 17 2.0 Planning Process Group 17 2.1 Project Management Plan 20 2.2 Change Management Plan 25 2.3 Project Roadmap 28 2.4 Scope Management Plan 30 2.5 Requirements Management Plan 33 2.6 Requirements Documentation 37 2.7 Requirements Traceability Matrix 40 2.8 Project Scope Statement 45 2.9 Work Breakdown Structure 49 2.10 WBS Dictionary 52 2.11 Schedule Management Plan 56 2.12 Activity List 59 2.13 Activity Attributes 62 2.14 Milestone List 65 2.15 Network Diagram 67 2.16 Duration Estimates 70 2.17 Duration Estimating Worksheet 73 2.18 Project Schedule 78 2.19 Cost Management Plan 82 2.20 Cost Estimates 85 2.21 Cost Estimating Worksheet 88 2.22 Cost Baseline 93 2.23 Quality Management Plan 95 2.24 Quality Metrics 99 2.25 Responsibility Assignment Matrix 101 2.26 Resource Management Plan 104 2.27 Team Charter 109 2.28 Resource Requirements 113 2.29 Resource Breakdown Structure 116 2.30 Communications Management Plan 118 2.31 Risk Management Plan 121 2.32 Risk Register 128 2.33 Risk Report 131 2.34 Probability and Impact Assessment 137 2.35 Probability and Impact Matrix 142 2.36 Risk Data Sheet 144 2.37 Procurement Management Plan 147 2.38 Procurement Strategy 152 2.39 Source Selection Criteria 155 2.40 Stakeholder Engagement Plan 158 3 Executing Forms 163 3.0 Executing Process Group 163 3.1 Issue Log 165 3.2 Decision Log 168 3.3 Change Request 170 3.4 Change Log 175 3.5 Lessons Learned Register 178 3.6 Quality Audit 181 3.7 Team Performance Assessment 184 4 Monitoring and Controlling Forms 189 4.0 Monitoring and Controlling Process Group 189 4.1 Team Member Status Report 191 4.2 Project Status Report 196 4.3 Variance Analysis 202 4.4 Earned Value Analysis 206 4.5 Risk Audit 209 4.6 Contractor Status Report 213 4.7 Procurement Audit 218 4.8 Contract Closeout Report 222 4.9 Product Acceptance Form 226 5 Closing 229 5.0 Closing Process Group 229 5.1 Lessons Learned Summary 229 5.2 Project or Phase Closeout 235 6 Agile 239 6.1 Product Vision 240 6.2 Product Backlog 242 6.3 Release Plan 244 6.4 Retrospective 246 Index 249

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Book SynopsisThere are other books on unsaturated soil mechanics, but this book is different. Unsaturated soil mechanics is only one aspect of a continuous range of soil mechanics studies that extends from the rheology of high water content soil slurries to the mechanics of soft soils, to stiff saturated soils, to unsaturated soils, and, at the far end of the range, to dry soils.In reality, the water content of all soils, that are not permanently submerged, varies seasonally. In most climatic zones, rainfall varies during the year and the depth of the water table varies sympathetically. In applying unsaturated soil mechanics in practice, it is therefore important to realise and allow for the probability that soil will, either seasonally or occasionally, pass from the unsaturated to the saturated state and even from unsaturation to dryness. This is the only book that looks specifically at this essential practical aspect.The theory of unsaturated soils is fully dealt with in all of its aspTable of Contents1. Historical Review of the Development of Unsaturated Soil Mechanics 2. Determining Effective Stresses in Unsaturated Soils 3. Measuring and Controlling Suction 4. Interactions between the Atmosphere and the Earth's Surface: Conservative Interactions- Infiltration, Evaporation and Water Storage 5. Interactions between the Atmosphere and the Earth's Surface: Destructive Interactions- Water and Wind Erosion, Piping Erosion 6. The Mechanics of Compaction 7. Steady and Unsteady Flow of Water and Air through Soils- Permeability of Unsaturated and Saturated Soils 8. Compressibility, Settlement and Heave of Unsaturated Soils 9. Measurements of the Strenght of Unsaturated Soil

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Missouri grazier Greg Judy has written a textbook of how to build a sizeable ranch starting with absolutely no capital. No Risk Ranching should be ready by every young grazier dreaming of having a big place someday. Judy will show you that you can have it very fast if you will just ask for it."–Allan Nation The Stockman Grass Farmer

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Book SynopsisThis guide provides all the information you need to design good quality, wheelchair accessible housing. Filled with practical advice, insightful design considerations and clear explanations, this book outlines how to meet the Building Regulations, Approved Document M Volume 1 M4(3): Wheelchair user dwellings. Detailed good practice recommendations and design features are also given for those looking to surpass the minimum standard. This comprehensive resource has been produced with expert contributions from the Centre for Accessible Environments and the Royal College of Occupational Therapists Specialist Section – Housing, along with input from a cross-section of experts including building control, architects, developers and other housing professionals. Includes clear cross-references to AD M4(3) Technical diagrams illustrating design details Simple to follow guidance on best practice and technical provisions Table of ContentsIntroduction1. Strategic site development2. Using outdoor spaces3. External approach routes4. Communal entrances, doors and circulation5. Individual dwelling entrances and other external doors6. Dwelling circulation and storage7. Moving between levels within the dwelling8. Using living spaces9. Using the kitchen10. Bedrooms11. Bathrooms12. Operating internal doors and windows13. Services and controls

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Up-to-date coverage of every facet of electric power in a single volumeThis fully revised, industry-standard resource offers practical details on every aspect of electric power engineering. The book contains in-depth discussions from more than 100 internationally recognized experts. Generation, transmission, distribution, operation, system protection, and switchgear are thoroughly explained. Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Seventeenth Edition, features brand-new sections on measurement and instrumentation, interconnected power grids, smart grids and

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Book SynopsisIn 2010 BP’s Deepwater Horizon catastrophe spiraled into the worst human-made economic and ecological disaster in Gulf Coast history. In the most comprehensive account to date, senior systems engineers Earl Boebert and James Blossom show how corporate and engineering decisions, each one individually innocuous, interacted to create the disaster.Trade ReviewThis book offers an extremely methodical approach to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. It is written in a concise, no-nonsense style, and couched in terms that a layman can understand. It is a highly original work with a well-structured argument, providing insight into the BP oil spill unavailable elsewhere. A thoroughly recommended read not only for oilfield professionals, but for all concerned parties. -- Alastair R. Fleck, Shell Global SolutionsDeepwater Horizon: A Systems Analysis of the Macondo Disaster shines a spotlight on the very high-risk situations that demand a consistent systems approach at all levels and from all parties. It demonstrates that—however popular or trendy they are today—streamlined, agile approaches don’t work in all situations. This book will be of value to business and engineering audiences, as well as anyone interested in technology policy. -- Marjory S. Blumenthal, technology policy expertDeepwater Horizon is the definitive work on an event that not only had enormous ecological repercussions, but which also shook the oil industry to its foundations. Meticulously researched, the explanation of the disaster will be comprehensible to the interested layman, while numerous annotations add depth and detail for academics and professionals. The authors’ purpose is to analyze the event, detail the lessons learned, and thereby make everyone safer. The book fulfills the first two aims admirably, and the rest is up to us. -- Andrew Kay, independent oilfield consultantModern organization theory emphasizes the central role that organizational culture and structure play in outcomes, and though this book is not on organization theory per se, it is destined to be a classic case study in the field. A great deal of safety analysis focuses on searches for the root cause of accidents and disasters, but the Deepwater Horizon incident demonstrates that the causality of some disasters has a fundamentally multifactor nature. This book should be read by anyone concerned with safety of large complex systems. -- Herb Lin, Stanford UniversityReaders wanting to know just what happened and why in the Deepwater Horizon disaster will never find a better book. -- Steve Donoghue * Open Letters Monthly *Two senior systems engineers offer a comprehensive account of BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil spill, where escaping gas and oil destroyed the rig, killing 11, injuring dozens and creating the worst human-made ecological disaster ever in the Gulf of Mexico. The book sifts through the evidence, challenging the common explanation that the crew, under pressure to cut costs, made mistakes compounded by a safety device failure. Instead, individually innocuous corporate and engineering decisions combined to create the disaster. The complex interactions of technology, people and procedures involved in offshore drilling illustrate a systems approach that yields a better understanding of how to prevent similar disasters in the future. * ISE Magazine *Most accounts of the Deepwater Horizon disaster dwell on the drama of the rig’s last hours, as the crew struggled to cope with the well blowout and then fought to survive. Those events are also part of Boebert and Blossom’s story, but the scope of their narrative is broader. Much of the action takes place deep underground, where drilling technology meets the uncertainties of geology, or else miles away in BP’s Houston offices. Their approach is analytic rather than dramatic. Theirs is the account for readers who want to understand how such disasters come about and what strategies might have the best chance of preventing more of them. -- Brian Hayes * American Scientist *

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Book SynopsisThe cryosphere encompasses the Earth's snow and ice masses. It is a critical part of our planet's climate system, one that is especially at risk from climate change and global warming. This title introduces readers to the cryosphere and the role it plays in our global climate system.Trade Review"In this work, part of the Princeton Primers in Climate series, glaciologist Marshall examines the nature of ice and snow (the cryosphere) in all its various forms... This book is accessible to interested readers with a background in physics; it could also serve as a textbook in a senior undergraduate or graduate-level course."--Choice "[E]vidence of the author's expertise shines through... The book ends with a succinct and thoughtful summary of cryospheric changes in recent history."--R.J. Galley, Arctic "I recommend this book for anyone seeking a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the physical processes governing the primary components of the global cryosphere. This text offers more than enough information for a new student in the field, and provides a great jumping-off point for those seeking higher understanding of a particular area of cryospheric science."--Gina R. Henderson, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society "[T]he quality of the book's content is beyond question. In its 288 pages The Cryosphere manages to provide an overview of all aspects of the Earth's cryosphere while, at the same time, leaving the reader feeling that he or she has gained significant technical insight into many of its key characteristic processes."--B. Hubbard, Antarctic ScienceTable of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Cryosphere 1 Chapter 2 Material Properties of Snow and Ice 11 Chapter 3 Snow and Ice Thermodynamics 36 Chapter 4 Seasonal Snow and Freshwater Ice 65 Chapter 5 Sea Ice 104 Chapter 6 Glaciers and Ice Sheets 127 Chapter 7 Permafrost 165 Chapter 8 Cryosphere-Climate Processes 180 Chapter 9 The Cryosphere and Climate Change 201 Chapter Glossary 241 Notes 249 Annotated Bibliography 251 Index 285

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Book SynopsisThis highly illustrated guide expands on the practical benefits of FEA, such as the analysis of complex problems, overall increased productivity and revenue, and explains the complex theory behind the decisions that need to be made at each stage of a project.

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Book SynopsisProviding a systematic and self-contained treatment of excitation, propagation and re- emission of electromagnetic waves guided by density ducts in magnetized plasmas, this book describes in detail the theoretical basis of the electrodynamics of ducts. The classical dielectric-waveguide theory in open guiding systems in magnetoplasma is subjected to rigorous generalization. The authors emphasize the conceptual physical and mathematical aspects of the theory, while demonstrating its applications to problems encountered in actual practice. The opening chapters of the book discuss the underlying physical phenomena, outline some of the results obtained in natural and artificial density ducts, and describe the basic theory crucial to understanding the remainder of the book. The more specialized and complex topics dealt with in subsequent chapters include the theory of guided wave propagation along axially uniform ducts, finding the field excited by the source in the presence of a duct, excitation of guided modes, the asymptotic theory of wave propagation along axially nonuniform ducts, and mode re-emission from a duct. The full wave theory is used throughout most of the book to ensure consistency, and the authors start with simpler cases and gradually increase the complexity of the treatment.Table of Contents1. The Basic Equations 2. Integral Representation of Source-excited Fields on a Duct 3. Modal Representation of Source-excited Fields on a Duct 4. Wave Re-emission from a Density Duct 5. Modes in Axially Uniform Ducts 6. Radiation from Given Sources in a Uniform Unbounded Magnetoplasma 7. Wave Propagation Along Axially Non-uniform Ducts

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Book SynopsisSpanish visionary Santiago Calatrava is renowned around the world as an architect, structural engineer, sculptor, and artist. Famed for bridges as much as buildings, he has made his name with neofuturistic structures that combine deft engineering solutions with dramatic visual impact. From the Athens 2004 Olympic sports complex and the Museum of Tomorrow to the Peace Bridge in Calgary, Alamillo Bridge in Seville, and the Mujer Bridge in Buenos Aires, Calatrava’s creations show particular interest in the meeting point of movement and balance. With influences ranging from NASA space design to da Vinci’s nature studies, the structures dazzle with a sense of lightness, agility, and aerodynamism, but always with a graceful poise amid their particular surroundings. This compact introduction explores Calatrava’s unique aesthetic with key projects from his career, from early breakthroughs to his most recent work. Through buildings of culture, science, faith, and across his many famous bridges, we explore his integration of organic forms and human movements, and a uniquely fluid futurism, soaring towards tomorrow.

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