Technical design Books

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Design Theory introduces a comprehensive, systematic, and didactic outline of the discourse of design. Designed both as a course book and a source for research, this textbook methodically covers the central concepts of design theory, definitions of design, its historical milestones, and its relations to culture, industry, body, ecology, language, society, gender and ideology.Demonstrated by a shift towards the importance of the sociocultural context in which products are manufactured and embedded, this book showcases design theory as an emerging sub-discipline of design, unique in its practice-based approach and its broad perception of design. It offers an in-depth understanding of the central concepts, such as form and function, theory and practice, through a discussion of key case studies and historical examples, such as the advent of the view of design in antiquity, the introduction of mass production to modernist design or the ideological shifts iTrade Review"Michalle Gal and Jonathan Ventura have produced a fascinating historical tour of the complexities of design theory with all its contradictions and reversals. The stumbles and contradictions are important, for they show that the answer to what appears to be a simple question, ‘what is design?’, changes every time new findings and evidence appears. The book should appeal to students and advanced scholars, showing that this confusion is proper and appropriate. Their summary is apt: design is a bricolage of methods and approaches. We should not ask ‘what is design?’ but instead ask ‘what can design achieve?’"Don Norman, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of California, San Diego, USA; and author of "Design for a Better World"."Michalle Gal and Jonathan Ventura provide a wide-ranging and engaging survey of the many facets of Design. Touching on perennial theoretical questions as well as contemporary examples and issues, An Introduction to Design Theory will appeal to theorists and practitioners alike."Glenn Parsons, Professor, Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Definitions of Design 2. Form and Function 3. Design and (or as) Language 4. Design Between Theory and Practice: Applied Theories of Design 5 Design, Culture, and Social Institutions 6. Design and Industry 7. Design, Ecologies and the Body 8. Design and Ideology

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive textbook compiles cutting-edge research on beams and circular plates, covering theories, analytical solutions, and numerical solutions of interest to students, researchers, and engineers working in industry. Detailing both classical and shear deformation theories, the book provides a complete study of beam and plate theories, their analytical (exact) solutions, variational solutions, and numerical solutions using the finite element method.Beams and plates are some of the most common structural elements used in many engineering structures. The book details both classical and advanced (i.e., shear deformation) theories, scaling in complexity to aid the reader in self-study, or to correspond with a taught course. It covers topics including equations of elasticity, equations of motion of the classical and first-order shear deformation theories, and analytical solutions for bending, buckling, and natural vibration. Additionally, it details static as well as tran

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Book SynopsisDesign for Wellbeing charts the development and application of design research to improve the personal and societal wellbeing and happiness of people. It draws together contributions from internationally leading academics and designers to demonstrate the latest thinking and research on the design of products, technologies, environments, services and experiences for wellbeing.Part I starts by conceptualising wellbeing and takes an in-depth look at the rise of the design for wellbeing movement. Part II then goes on to demonstrate design for wellbeing in practice through a broad range of domains from products and environments to services. Among others, we see emerging trends in the design of interiors and urban spaces to support wellbeing, designing to enable and support connectedness and social interaction, and designing for behaviour change to tackle unhealthy eating behaviour in children. Significantly, the body of work on subjective wellbeing, design for hTable of ContentsAbout the Contributors, Preface, Rachel Cooper, PART I. The rise of design for wellbeing, Chapter 1 Setting the Scene for Design for Subjective Wellbeing, Ann Petermans and Rebecca Cain, Chapter 2 Wellbeing, Happiness and Flourishing: Different views on a common goal, Ruth Stevens, Ann Petermans, Anna Pohlmeyer, Rebecca Cain and Jan Vanrie, PART II. Domains in design for wellbeing, Chapter 3 Designing for People Living with Dementia, Cathy Treadaway, Chapter 4 Design for Wellbeing in Architecture and Interior Architecture: Educating future designers on ageing well in place, Ann Petermans, Jan Vanrie, Gitte Harzé and Jo Broekx, Chapter 5 Social Connectedness, Social Interaction and the Design of Interior Environments, Tiiu Poldma, Chapter 6 ‘Joyful Journeys’: Putting wellbeing at the centre of future travel, Luke Harmer, Rebecca Cain and Artur Mausbach, Chapter 7 Healthy Eating and Behaviour Change, Geke Ludden and Sander Hermsen, PART III. Tools, methods and approaches for design for wellbeing, Chapter 8 Co-Design and Participatory Methods for Wellbeing, Emmanuel Tsekleves, Chapter 9 Creative Methods for Sustainable Design for Happiness and Wellbeing, Emily Corrigan-Doyle and Carolina Escobar-Tello, Chapter 10 Building Storey/ies: A scenario card game to architecturally design for human flourishing, Ruth Stevens and Pieter M.A. Desmet, Chapter 11 Mind the Gap: A social practice approach to wellbeing-driven design, Holger Klapperich, Matthias Laschke, Marc Hassenzahl, Melanie Becker, Diana Cürlis, Thorsten Frackenpohl, Henning Köhler, Kai Ludwigs, Marius Tippkämper, Chapter 12 Dilemma-thinking as a Means to Enhance Criticality in Design for Wellbeing, Deger Ozkaramanli, PART IV. Future challenges for design for wellbeing, Chapter 13 Mapping Research at the Intersection of Design and Mental Health, Sarah Kettley and Rachel Lucas, Chapter 14 Design for Wellbeing: An applied approach to housing in later life, An-Sofie Smetcoren, Liesbeth De Donder, Dominique Verté, Chapter 15 An International Perspective on Design for Wellbeing, Leandro Tonetto, Conclusion It’s love, my friend! Some reflections on cultivating the Positive Design Plot, Pieter M.A. Desmet, Index

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Book SynopsisWhere most introductory texts to the field of digital signal processing assume a degree of technical knowledge, this class-tested textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of digital signal processing in a way that is accessible to all.Beginning from the first principles, readers will learn how signals are acquired, represented, analyzed and transformed by digital computers. Specific attention is given to digital sampling, discrete Fourier analysis and linear filtering in the time and frequency domains. All concepts are introduced practically and theoretically, combining intuitive illustrations, mathematical derivations and software implementations written in the Python programming language. Practical exercises are included at the end of each chapter to test reader knowledge.Written in a clear and accessible style, Digital Signals Theory is particularly aimed at students and general readers interested in audio and digital signal processiTable of ContentsSignals. Digital Sampling. Convolution. The Discrete Fourier Transform. Properties of the DFT. DFT Invertibility. Fast Fourier Transform. Time Frequency Representation. Frequency Domain Convolution. Infinite Impulse Response Filters. Analyzing IIR filters. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisMollusks and Marine Environments of the Ten Thousand Islands provides the first comprehensive overview of the shells and habitats that are present in the last unexplored coastal area of southwestern Florida. The mysterious and primordial Ten Thousand Islands, where the rivers and marshlands of the Everglades empty into the Gulf of Mexico, house a number of remarkable marine ecosystems, many shown here in detail for the first time. Primary among these are unique worm shell reef systems, composed entirely of immense masses of vermetid gastropod mollusks. These previously unexplored and unstudied gastropod reefs, which are often many acres in size, are shown here to mimic coral reefs in their growth structure and represent the only large-scale molluscan reefs found anywhere on Earth. Living in association with the zonated gastropod reefs are a number of rare and unusual mollusks, some of which represent endemic species that are unique to the Ten Thousand Islands. TheseTrade ReviewThere is nothing like this book, and there is a tremendous need for more documentation of the ecology of the Ten Thousand Islands, both for its own sake as part of the environmental record, but also due to looming effects of sea level rise. The entire region is extremely vulnerable to ecological change due to climate change and many of the areas, environments, and species Petuch and Berschauer document will likely be impacted in the next 20 years. The photographs are incredible, and provide a very useful reference for shell identification. This book will be an essential reference for a wide range of scholars and advocational malacologists, including archaeologists.-- Traci Ardren, Professor of Anthropology and Interim Chair, University of Miami, USAThis book is written in the traditions and standards of the popular nature guides, and it exceeds these standards! It covers everything from mollusks to birds and raccoons, so should be of interest not only to biologists, ecologists, and shell collectors, but also to the general public. It describes everything well without being overwhelmingly technical, appealing to many readers, of all ages, interested in nature and coastal environments. The large number of color photographs and plates provide a great visual guide to the contents of the book, and the iconography parts will be very useful for identification of mollusks. -- Anton Oleinik, Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic UniversityI am a social scientist, and I rely on books such as these for the broader context of the questions that I explore regarding the nature of human use of these aquatic environments and the species that dwell within them. Oftentimes, relevant species and habitat specific information is difficult to find and oftentimes it is out of date. Therefore, having a resource such as this is invaluable to someone like me, as well as being a key source for those in the life sciences!-- Victor D. Thompson, Professor & Director, University of Georgia, USAThere is nothing like this book, and there is a tremendous need for more documentation of the ecology of the Ten Thousand Islands, both for its own sake as part of the environmental record, but also due to looming effects of sea level rise. The entire region is extremely vulnerable to ecological change due to climate change and many of the areas, environments, and species Petuch and Berschauer document will likely be impacted in the next 20 years. The photographs are incredible, and provide a very useful reference for shell identification. This book will be an essential reference for a wide range of scholars and advocational malacologists, including archaeologists.-- Traci Ardren, Professor of Anthropology and Interim Chair, University of Miami, USAThis book is written in the traditions and standards of the popular nature guides, and it exceeds these standards! It covers everything from mollusks to birds and raccoons, so should be of interest not only to biologists, ecologists, and shell collectors, but also to the general public. It describes everything well without being overwhelmingly technical, appealing to many readers, of all ages, interested in nature and coastal environments. The large number of color photographs and plates provide a great visual guide to the contents of the book, and the iconography parts will be very useful for identification of mollusks. -- Anton Oleinik, Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, USAI am a social scientist, and I rely on books such as these for the broader context of the questions that I explore regarding the nature of human use of these aquatic environments and the species that dwell within them. Oftentimes, relevant species and habitat specific information is difficult to find and oftentimes it is out of date. Therefore, having a resource such as this is invaluable to someone like me, as well as being a key source for those in the life sciences!-- Victor D. Thompson, Professor & Director, University of Georgia, USATable of ContentsThe Vermetoherms of the Ten Thousand Islands. The Ten Thousand Islands Sand and Mud Flats. The Ten Thousand Islands Sea Grass Beds. The Deep Channels and Offshore Areas. Systematic List of the Mollusks of the Ten Thousand Islands. References. Index. About the Authors. Appendix 1. Map of the Ten Thousand Islands; Northern Section. Appendix 2. Map of the Ten Thousand Islands; Southern Section (upper). Appendix 3. Map of the Ten Thousand Islands; Southern Section (lower)

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Ship Engine Room Systems outlines the key systems, machinery and equipment found in a ship's engine room. It explores the basics of their function with overall practical guidance for engine room operation and maintenance, recognising emerging environmental challenges. It covers the following topics: The role and function of the steering and propulsion systems Power generation The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems The water management system Engine room fires and emergency response systems Engine room watch procedures and checklists The book serves as an accessible introductory text for engineering students at HNC, HND, and foundation degree level, marine engineering cadets, and non-engineering marine professionals such as deck officers and cadets who want a general guide to how the engine room functions.Table of ContentsPart I. Steering and Propulsion Systems. 1. Rudder and Steering Gear. 2. Propeller Design and Function. 3. Introduction to the Main Engine. 4. Key Components of the Main Engine. 5. Main Engine Pre-Start Checks and Monitoring. 6. Slow Steaming and Economic Fuel Consumption. 7. Exhaust Gas System and Scrubbers. 8. Engine Room Lubrication Systems. 9. Essential Engine Room Machinery Maintenance and Troubleshooting. 10. Mechanical Measuring Tools and Gauges. Part II. Power Generation. 11. Marine Diesel Generators. 12. Marine Electrical Systems. 13. Electrical Distribution Systems and Redundancy. 14. Air Compressor. Part III. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. 15. Marine Boiler. 16. Central Cooling System. 17. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Part IV. Water Management Systems. 18. Ballast Water Management. 19. Oily Water Separator. 20. Wastewater Management. 21. Freshwater Generation. 22. Pipes, Tubes, Bends and Valves. Part V. Engine Room Tanks and Bunkering Operations. 23. Main Fuel, Diesel and Lube Oil Tanks on Ships. 24. Bunkering Operations. Part VI. Engine Room Fires and Emergency Response. 25. General Emergency Drills, Alarms and Emergency Systems. 26. Engine Room Explosions and Fires. 27. Engine Room Drills, Firefighting Procedures and Apparatus. 28. Engine Room Flooding. Part VII. Engine Room Watch Procedures. 29. Engine Room Watch Procedures. 30. Engine Room Logbook Entries and Checklists. Appendix. Recommended Reading for Marine Engineers.

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Book SynopsisUpdated throughout for the second edition, Reliability Engineering: A Life Cycle Approach draws on the authorâs global industry experience to demonstrate the invaluable role reliability engineers play in the entire life cycle of a plant. Applicable to both high-cost, cutting-edge plants and to plants operating under serious budget constraints, this textbook uses a practical approach to cover the theory of reliability engineering, alongside the design, operation, and maintenance required in a plant. This textbook has been updated to cover the modern standards of maintenance practice, most notably the ISO 55 000 standards. It also covers linear programming, failure analysis, financial management, and analysis. This textbook refers to case studies throughout. This textbook will be of interest to students and engineers in the field of reliability, mechanical, manufacturing, and industrial engineering. It will also be relevant to automotive and aerospace engineers.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Reliability Fundamentals I: Component Reliability Chapter 2 Reliability Fundamentals II: System Reliability Chapter 3 Maintenance Optimisation Chapter 4 Condition Monitoring Chapter 5 Incident Investigation or Root Cause Analysis Chapter 6 Other Techniques Essential for Modern Reliability Management I Chapter 7 Other Techniques Essential for Modern Reliability Management II Chapter 8 Reliability Management Chapter 9 Design Issues in Reliability Engineering and Maintenance Chapter 10 Maintenance Planning and Scheduling Chapter 11 ISO 55000 Appendix 1: The Standard Normal Distribution Appendix 2: A Perspective on Robert Lusser Reid Collins

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Book SynopsisUsing many real-world examples and cases, this book identifies key factors and processes that have contributed to the creation of successful new products, buildings, and innovations, or resulted in some failures. Such factors include the creativity of individuals and groups, their sources of inspiration, the processes of creative design and innovation, and the characteristics of the products, buildings, and innovations themselves.Much has been written about creativity and innovation, but what helps to foster creativity, enable creative ideas to be translated into practical designs, and ensure those new products or buildings succeed as innovations on the market or in use? This book discusses these elements through the author's origination and analysis of examples and case studies ranging from the revolutionary innovation of the smartphone, through radical innovations in domestic appliances and sustainable housing, to creative designs of contemporary jewellery. The broad range Trade Review“In Creative Design and Innovation, Robin Roy provides an in-depth critical, contemporary analysis of some familiar and less familiar product and architectural designs. Roy illustrates the origins of creativity and the critical elements and lessons for innovation success.”Rachel Cooper (OBE), Distinguished Professor of Design Management and Policy, Lancaster University“No-one is better qualified than Robin Roy to write this book. It includes engaging case studies on innovations such as the smartphone, pneumatic tyres, sustainable housing, and many more, with clear explanations of why they succeeded or proved unsuccessful in practice.”Vivien Walsh, retired Professor of Innovation, Alliance Manchester Business School“Robin Roy is a master of drawing fundamental lessons from case studies of designers. This book unpacks the mysteries of the design and innovation process underpinning a broad range of disciplines. It provides practical guidance for aspiring innovators and a template for design researchers exploring case studies of designing.” Peter Lloyd, Professor of Design Methodology, TU Delft“There are many books on creativity, design and innovation, but what intrigues me about this one are the extensive case studies that bring its insights to life. Particularly valuable are the built environment examples, not often included in books on innovation.”Bettina von Stamm, Innovation Philosopher, Founder Innovation Leadership Forum“Drawing on multiple case studies, Creative Design and Innovation provides grounded insights on design and innovation which should be of immense value to a wide audience, including most notably, practitioners, academics and students.”Matthew Cook, Professor of Innovation, School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open UniversityTable of Contents1. Creativity, design, and innovation: Introduction and framework 2. Creativity and innovation in engineering, design, architecture, arts, and media 3. Revolutionary innovation: The smartphone 4. Radical product and building innovations 5. Major product and building innovations 6. Innovative products and buildings 7. Creative product designs 8. Guidelines for successful creative design and innovation

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Book SynopsisDesign, Analysis, and Manufacturing of Lightweight Composite Structures provides a thorough guide to composite materials and their applications, suitable for students of all levels, as well as those in the industry. Covering established theory as well as cutting-edge developments in the field, this book is an essential companion to anyone interested in composite materials.Discussing the mechanical properties of advanced composites and their materials, this book describes testing and evaluation, focusing on sustainability in manufacturing. Looking at how composite materials can form structural components, this book is centered around how to design and analyze these materials as appropriate to different applications. It discusses micromechanics, stiffness matrices, and numerical calculations using MATLABR, Excel, and Python. It also covers failure, applied forces, strain, and stress, alongside finite element analysis of composites.This book is suitable for studeTable of ContentsChapter 1 Micromechanical Behavior of LaminaChapter 2 Introduction to ABD MatrixChapter 3 Rectangular Composite Beams Being Bended and Loaded AxiallyChapter 4 Composite BeamsChapter 5 Stiffened Panels and PlatesChapter 6 Effects on the Environment, Fatigue, and Performance of Fiber CompositesChapter 7 Discontinuous Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid CompositesChapter 8 Natural Fiber CompositesChapter 9 Vibration and NoiseChapter 10 Additive Manufacturing in Composites: Fundamentals of ProcessesChapter 11 Additive Manufacturing in Composite: CharacteristicsChapter 12 Additive Manufacturing in Composite: Applications and Models

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is ideal for a course in engineering systems dynamics and controls. The work is a comprehensive treatment of the analysis of lumped parameter physical systems. Starting with a discussion of mathematical models in general, and ordinary differential equations, the book covers input/output and state space models, computer simulation and modeling methods and techniques in mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid domains. Frequency domain methods, transfer functions and frequency response are covered in detail. The book concludes with a treatment of stability, feedback control (PID, lead-lag, root locus) and an introduction to discrete time systems. This new edition features many new and expanded sections on such topics as: solving stiff systems, operational amplifiers, electrohydraulic servovalves, using Matlab with transfer functions, using Matlab with frequency response, Matlab tutorial and an expanded Simulink tutorial. The work has 40% more end-of-chapter exercises and 3Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Mechanical systems; 3. Mathematical models; 4. Analytical solutions of system input-output equations; 5. Numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations; 6. Simulation of dynamic systems; 7. Electrical systems; 8. Thermal systems; 9. Fluid systems; 10. Mixed systems; 11. Transfer functions; 12. Frequency analysis; 13. Closed-loop systems and system stability; 14. Control systems; 15. Analysis of discrete-time systems; 16. Digital control systems; Appendix 1. Fourier series and the Fourier transformation; Appendix 2. Laplace transformations; Appendix 3. Matlab tutorial; Appendix 4. Simulink tutorial; Index.

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Book SynopsisAcquire complete knowledge of the basics of air-breathing turbomachinery with this hands-on practical text. This updated new edition for students in mechanical and aerospace engineering discusses the role of entropy in assessing machine performance, provides a review of flow structures, and includes an applied review of boundary layer principles. New coverage describes approaches used to smooth initial design geometry into a continuous flow path, the development of design methods associated with the flow over blade shape (cascades loss theory) and annular type flows, as well as a discussion of the mechanisms for the setting of shaft speed. This essential text is also fully supported by over 200 figures, numerous examples, and homework problems, many of which have been revised for this edition.Trade Review'Principles of Turbomachinery in Air-Breathing Engines distinguishes itself as an extraordinary text with the exceptional detail and clarity of the annotated figures and illustrations, which truly exemplify and support the development of the corresponding aerothermodynamic mathematics. The work is a very thorough and clear treatment of the subject, suitable for upperclassmen and graduate students, as well as practitioners.' Jani Macari Pallis, University of BridgeportTable of Contents1. Introduction to Gas Turbine Engines; 2. Overview of Turbomachinery Nomenclature; 3. Aerothermodynamics of Turbomachines and Design-Related Topics; 4. Energy Transfer Between a Fluid and a Rotor; 5. Dimensional Analysis, Maps and Specific Speed; 6. Radial Equilibrium Theory; 7. Polytropic (Small-Stage) Efficiency; 8. Axial-Flow Turbines; 9. Axial Flow Compressors; 10. Radial Inflow Turbines; 11. Centrifugal Compressors; 12. Turbine-Compressor Matching.

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Book SynopsisOffers a rigorous and comprehensive treatment of reliability analysis of structures and systems using numerous examples and end-of-chapter problems. Accompanied online by a solutions manual and PowerPoint slides, it is the ideal textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses in departments of civil, environmental and mechanical engineering.Trade Review'This textbook is invaluable to all concerned with structural and system reliability analysis. Providing a modern, rigorous, and comprehensive treatment of the theory and practice, it is a must-read for students, scholars, and practitioners learning, researching, or practicing in this field.' Dan M. Frangopol, Lehigh University'This book is a welcome addition to the literature on structural reliability, which in recent decades has become essential to structural engineering practice. Authored by a leading international contributor to the mathematical foundations of structural reliability, much of the coverage has been informed by his own research and teaching. Readers wanting a comprehensive overview of the field, with its diverse problems, applications, and challenges, will find this volume indispensable for their technical libraries.' Bruce R. Ellingwood, Colorado State University'This monograph is a manifest of the impressive contributions of the author and his students to the philosophy and the computationally practicable methods of first- and second-order structural reliability evaluation, necessarily resting on a Bayesian interpretation of probability applied to any type of uncertainty. The history of the field is fairly described, along with the step-by-step unfolding of the theory. The large number of examples and problems makes the book well suited for self-study.' Ove Ditlevsen, Technical University of Denmark'The long-awaited textbook from one of the great teachers of structural reliability and stochastic mechanics! Professor Der Kiureghian wrote a book that is comprehensive and thorough, but also easily accessible to those new to the field. It is already a classic and an invaluable source for all students, researchers, and practitioners of structural reliability methods.' Daniel Straub, Technical University of Munich'Professor Der Kiureghian has been one of the fathers of structural and system reliability analysis since the early 1980s and has devoted his entire career to research and education on this topic. No need to say that this book has been expected for a long time by the community! In this textbook, the reader will find elements of probability theory and the basics on structural reliability analysis (FORM/SORM, simulation methods, reliability updating, systems analysis), as well as state-of-the-art methods in stochastic structural dynamics, reliability-based design optimization and more, making it a must-have both for graduate students in engineering, researchers, and practitioners in the field. The crystal-clear writing style and the numerous exercises provided in each chapter make it the perfect reference for teaching.' Bruno Sudret, ETH ZurichTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Review of probability theory; 3. Multivariate distributions; 4. Formulation of structural reliability; 5. Analysis of structural reliability under incomplete probability information; 6. The first-order reliability method; 7. The second-order reliability method; 8. System reliability; 9. Simulation methods; 10. Bayesian parameter estimation and reliability updating; 11. Time- and space-variant reliability analysis; 12. Finite-element reliability methods; 13. Reliability methods for stochastic structural dynamics; 14. Reliability-based design optimization; 15. Bayesian network for reliability assessment and updating; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe essential packaging design resource, now with more patterns than ever! For more than two decades, The Packaging Designer''s Book of Patterns has served as an indispensable source of ideas and practical solutions for a wide range of packaging design challenges. This Fourth Edition offers more than 600 patterns and structural designsmore than any other bookall drawn to scale and ready to be traced, scanned, or photocopied. Online access to the patterns in digital format allows readers to immediately use any pattern in the most common software programs, including Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator. Every pattern has been test-constructed to verify dimensional accuracy. The patterns can be scaled to suit particular specificationsmany are easily converted to alternate usesand most details are easily customizable. Features of this Fourth Edition include: More than 55 new patterns added to this editionover 600 patterns in all Table of ContentsPreface to the Fourth Edition iv Foreword v 1. Introduction 1 2. The Folding Carton 19 Trays 25 Tubes 99 Sleeves, Wraps, and Folders 291 3. The Set-Up or Rigid Paper Box 421 4. Corrugated Containers 461 5. Point-of-Purchase Displays 589 Glossary 687 Bibliography 690 Index 691

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Book SynopsisOffers practical examples that can guide product engineers through every stage of experimental design: formulating problems, planning experiments, and analysing data. This book discusses both physical and virtual techniques, and includes numerous exercises and solutions. It is suitable for teaching or self-study.Table of ContentsPreface ix 1 What is robust design? 1 1.1 The importance of small variation 1 1.2 Variance reduction 2 1.3 Variation propagation 4 1.4 Discussion 5 1.4.1 Limitations 6 1.4.2 The outline of this book 7 Exercises 8 2 DOE for robust design, part 1 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.1.1 Noise factors 11 2.1.2 Control factors 12 2.1.3 Control-by-noise interactions 12 2.2 Combined arrays: An example from the packaging industry 13 2.2.1 The experimental array 15 2.2.2 Factor effect plots 15 2.2.3 Analytical analysis and statistical significance 17 2.2.4 Some additional comments on the plotting 20 2.3 Dispersion effects 21 Exercises 23 Reference 25 3 Noise and control factors 27 3.1 Introduction to noise factors 27 3.1.1 Categories of noise 28 3.2 Finding the important noise factors 33 3.2.1 Relating noise to failure modes 33 3.2.2 Reducing the number of noise factors 34 3.3 How to include noise in a designed experiment 40 3.3.1 Compounding of noise factors 40 3.3.2 How to include noise in experimentation 45 3.3.3 Process parameters 48 3.4 Control factors 48 Exercises 49 References 51 4 Response, signal, and P diagrams 53 4.1 The idea of signal and response 53 4.1.1 Two situations 54 4.2 Ideal functions and P diagrams 55 4.2.1 Noise or signal factor 56 4.2.2 Control or signal factor 56 4.2.3 The scope 58 4.3 The signal 63 4.3.1 Including a signal in a designed experiment 64 Exercises 65 5 DOE for robust design, part 2 69 5.1 Combined and crossed arrays 69 5.1.1 Classical DOE versus DOE for robust design 69 5.1.2 The structure of inner and outer arrays 70 5.2 Including a signal in a designed experiment 74 5.2.1 Combined arrays with a signal 74 5.2.2 Inner and outer arrays with a signal 81 5.3 Crossed arrays versus combined arrays 89 5.3.1 Differences in factor aliasing 91 5.4 Crossed arrays and split-plot designs 94 5.4.1 Limits of randomization 94 5.4.2 Split-plot designs 95 Exercises 98 References 99 6 Smaller-the-better and larger-the-better 101 6.1 Different types of responses 101 6.2 Failure modes and smaller-the-better 102 6.2.1 Failure modes 102 6.2.2 STB with inner and outer arrays 103 6.2.3 STB with combined arrays 106 6.3 Larger-the-better 106 6.4 Operating window 108 6.4.1 The window width 110 Exercises 113 References 115 7 Regression for robust design 117 7.1 Graphical techniques 117 7.2 Analytical minimization of (g′(z))2 120 7.3 Regression and crossed arrays 121 7.3.1 Regression terms in the inner array 127 Exercises 128 8 Mathematics of robust design 131 8.1 Notational system 131 8.2 The objective function 132 8.2.1 Multidimensional problems 136 8.2.2 Optimization in the presence of a signal 138 8.2.3 Matrix formulation 139 8.2.4 Pareto optimality 141 8.3 ANOVA for robust design 144 8.3.1 Traditional ANOVA 144 8.3.2 Functional ANOVA 146 8.3.3 Sensitivity indices 149 Exercises 152 References 153 9 Design and analysis of computer experiments 155 9.1 Overview of computer experiments 156 9.1.1 Robust design 157 9.2 Experimental arrays for computer experiments 161 9.2.1 Screening designs 161 9.2.2 Space filling designs 163 9.2.3 Latin hypercubes 165 9.2.4 Latin hypercube designs and alphabetical optimality criteria 166 9.3 Response surfaces 167 9.3.1 Local least squares 168 9.3.2 Kriging 169 9.4 Optimization 171 9.4.1 The objective function 171 9.4.2 Analytical techniques or Monte Carlo 173 Exercises 175 References 176 10 Monte Carlo methods for robust design 177 10.1 Geometry variation 177 10.1.1 Electronic circuits 179 10.2 Geometry variation in two dimensions 179 10.3 Crossed arrays 192 11 Taguchi and his ideas on robust design 195 11.1 History and origin 195 11.2 The experimental arrays 197 11.2.1 The nature of inner arrays 197 11.2.2 Interactions and energy thinking 199 11.2.3 Crossing the arrays 200 11.3 Signal-to-noise ratios 200 11.4 Some other ideas 203 11.4.1 Randomization 203 11.4.2 Science versus engineering 204 11.4.3 Line fitting for dynamic models 204 11.4.4 An aspect on the noise 206 11.4.5 Dynamic models 207 Exercises 208 References 208 Appendix A Loss functions 209 A.1 Why Americans do not buy American television sets 209 A.2 Taguchi’s view on loss function 211 A.3 The average loss and its elements 211 A.4 Loss functions in robust design 214 Exercises 215 References 217 Appendix B Data for chapter 2 219 Appendix C Data for chapter 5 223 Appendix D Data for chapter 6 231 Index 233

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Book SynopsisPlastics Product Design Provides the reader with access to lessons learned in the author's 40 years of plastics product design experiencePart 1 of the book provides the reader with an introduction to plastics as a design material and a discussion of materials commonly in use today. There is a discussion of a variety of processes available to the designer to make a part along with the design considerations each process will entail. This section also includes a discussion of useful prototyping processes, including advantages and disadvantages of each. Next, the book discusses general design considerations applicable to most plastics product designs. In Part 2 of the book the author discusses elements of design of a number of generic plastic product types based on his more than 40 years of experience of product design and development for several companies with a variety of products. This section includes discussions of structural components, gears, bearings, hinges, snap fits, packagingTable of ContentsPreface xi PART 1: Plastics as a Design Material 1 1 Introduction to Plastics Materials 3 1.1 History of Plastics 3 1.2 Definition of Plastics 5 1.3 Thermoplastics and Thermosets 5 1.4 How Plastics are Made 6 1.5 General Plastics Properties 7 1.6 Plastics Feedstocks and Volumes 8 2 Properties of Plastics 11 2.1 Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution 13 2.2 Melt Flow Index 16 2.3 Molecular Structure of Polymers 16 2.4 Thermal Properties of Plastics 17 2.5 Physical Properties of Plastics 24 2.6 Electrical Properties 28 2.7 Flammability 29 3 Overview of Plastics Materials 31 3.1 Polyethylene 32 3.2 Polypropylene 35 3.3 Polystyrene 37 3.4 Polyvinyl Chloride 39 3.5 Engineering Plastics 41 3.5.1 Cellulosics 41 3.5.2 Polymethyl Methacrylate (Acrylic) 42 3.5.3 Polycarbonates 43 3.5.4 Polyamides (Nylon) 45 3.5.5 Polyoxymethylene (Acetal) 46 3.5.6 Thermoplastic Polyesters 47 3.5.7 Fluoropolymers 48 3.5.8 High Performance Polymers 49 3.5.8.1 Polyphenylenes 50 3.5.8.2 Polysulfones 50 3.5.8.3 Polyaramids 51 3.5.8.4 Polyarylether Ketones 51 3.5.8.5 Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCPs) 52 3.5.8.6 Th ermoplastic Polyimides 53 3.5.8.7 Polybenzimidazole 53 3.6 Thermoplastic Elastomers 54 3.7 Biopolymers 55 3.7.1 Polylactic Acid 55 3.7.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates 56 3.7.3 Polybutylene Succinate 56 3.8 Thermosets 56 3.8.1 Phenolics 57 3.8.2 Amino Plastics 57 3.8.3 Epoxies 59 3.8.4 Thermoset Polyesters 60 3.8.5 Thermoset Polyurethanes 61 3.8.6 Polydicyclopentadiene 62 3.8.7 Thermoset Polyimides 62 3.9 Fillers and Reinforcements 62 4 Process Overviews, Advantages and Constraints 65 4.1 Extrusion 66 4.2 Injection Molding 69 4.3 Extrusion Blow Molding 76 4.4 Injection Blow Molding and Stretch Blow Molding 78 4.5 Compression Molding 81 4.6 Transfer Molding 82 4.7 Rotational Molding 82 4.8 Reaction Injection Molding 85 4.9 Thermoforming 85 4.10 Filament Winding 87 4.11 Pultrusion 89 4.12 Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) 90 4.13 Other Prototyping Processes 92 5 General Design Considerations 93 5.1 Shrinkage 93 5.2 Dimensional Tolerances 94 5.3 Draft 98 5.4 Gating 100 5.5 Coring and Holes 102 5.6 Rib Design 106 5.7 Color and Appearance 107 5.8 Chemical Resistance 109 5.9 Weathering and Environmental Effects 111 5.10 Recycling and Recycling Codes 112 PART 2: Plastics Product Design 115 6 Structural Components 117 6.1 Rigidity and Strength 118 6.2 Creep 120 6.3 Fatigue 130 6.4 Torsion 131 6.5 Impact 134 6.6 Other Elevated Temperature Considerations 137 7 Enclosures 139 7.1 Cosmetics 140 7.2 Structural Support 142 7.3 Ventilation 148 7.4 Flammability 149 7.5 Electrical Considerations 152 8 Packaging and Containers 157 8.1 Impact and Tear Resistance 157 8.2 Strength and Rigidity 158 8.3 Barrier Properties 158 8.4 Packaging Processes 162 8.5 Printing and Decorating 165 9 Snap Fits and Hinges 169 9.1 Snap Fit Designs 170 9.2 Design of Cantilever Snaps Using Classical Beam Theory 172 9.3 Assembly and Disassembly 180 9.4 Non-Rectangular Cantilevered Beams 186 9.5 Effects of Stress Concentration 186 9.6 Annular Snap Fits 187 9.7 Manufacturability 190 9.8 Plastic Hinges 192 10 Plastic Gears 195 10.1 How Gears Work 196 10.2 Types of Gears 198 10.3 Terminology 201 10.4 Gear Tooth Loading 203 10.5 Contact Stress 208 10.6 Gear Tolerances 209 10.7 Gear Tooth Design 211 10.8 Gear Mesh Conditions and Operating Distances 213 10.9 Software 216 10.10 Prototyping 217 10.11 Gear Manufacturability 217 10.12 Gear Materials 221 11 Bearings 223 11.1 Wear 225 11.2 Bearing Life and Performance 228 11.3 Bearing Design 230 11.4 Bearing Materials 230 12 Pressure Vessels and Pipes 233 12.1 Pipe 234 12.2 Miner’s Rule 237 12.3 Other Pressure Vessels 239 12.4 Other Types of Pressure Vessels 243 12.5 Material and Manufacturing Considerations 243 13 Plastic Optics 247 13.1 Optical Fundamentals 247 13.2 Mirrors 252 13.3 Light Pipes 254 13.4 Lenses 254 13.5 Manufacturing Processes for Optical Components 256 13.6 Measuring Techniques 257 14 Joining Techniques 259 14.1 Threads and Threading 260 14.2 Self-Tapping Screws 263 14.3 Metal Inserts 265 14.4 Ultrasonic Welding 268 14.5 Vibration and Hot Plate Welding 272 14.6 Spin Welding 274 14.7 Solvent and Adhesive Bonding 275 14.8 Bolt and Screw Assembly 278 15 Product Design Process 281 15.1 Design Process 281 15.2 Material Selection 289 15.3 Design Services 289 Appendix A Thermal Properties of Selected Generic Materials 293 Appendix B Properties of Selected Structural Components 295 Appendix C Common Abbreviations for Plastic Materials 297 References 299 Index 303

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Book SynopsisYour real-world introduction to mechanical design with Autodesk Inventor 2016 Mastering Autodesk Inventor 2016 and Autodesk Inventor LT 2016is a complete real-world reference and tutorial for those learning this mechanical design software. With straightforward explanations and practical tutorials, this guide brings you up to speed with Inventor in the context of real-world workflows and environments. You''ll begin designing right away as you become acquainted with the interface and conventions, and then move into more complex projects as you learn sketching, modeling, assemblies, weldment design, functional design, documentation, visualization, simulation and analysis, and much more. Detailed discussions are reinforced with step-by-step tutorials, and the companion website provides downloadable project files that allow you to compare your work to the pros. Whether you''re teaching yourself, teaching a class, or preparing for the Inventor certification exam, this is theTable of ContentsIntroduction xxvii Chapter 1 • Getting Started 1 Understanding Parametric Design 1 Creating a Base Sketch 1 Creating a Base Feature 2 Adding More Features 3 Using the Part in an Assembly 3 Making Changes 4 Understanding History-Based Modeling and Dependencies 4 Taking a Closer Look at Sketch Dimensions 5 Following Part Modeling Best Practices 7 Following Assembly Modeling Best Practices 8 Understanding the “Feel” of Inventor 10 Understanding the Intuitive Interface 10 Using General Tools vsSpecifi c Commands 12 When in Doubt, Right-Click 12 Using the Graphical Interface 13 Inventor Title Bar 14 Graphics Window Tools 15 The Ribbon Menu 17 The Browser Pane/Model Browser 19 Dialog Boxes and the In-Canvas Mini-Toolbars 19 Task-Based Tools 20 Learning the File Types in Inventor 20 What Is an Inventor Project? 22 Project Files and Search Paths 22 Library Folders and Library Editor IPJ Files 25 Content Center Files 26 How Search Paths and Project Files Are Used 26 Exploring Project File Types 27 Creating a Project File 29 Creating Single-User Projects 29 Creating Multiuser Projects 38 Understanding Inventor Templates39 Working with Styles, Style Libraries, and Company Standards 40 The Bottom Line 40 Chapter 2 • A Hands-on Test-Drive of the Workflow 43 Creating a Part Model 43 Starting with a Part Template 45 Understanding Origin Geometry 45 Creating a Base 2D Sketch 46 Creating a Profi le in the Sketch 48 Creating a Base 3D Feature 48 Creating a Secondary 2D Sketch 49 Creating a Secondary 3D Feature 51 Patterning a 3D Feature 52 Creating and Detailing Drawings of Part Models 53 Creating a Base View on a Drawing 53 Creating Projected Views on a Drawing 55 Creating Dimensions on a Drawing 55 Putting Part Models Together in Assembly Files 56 Placing, Rotating, and Moving Parts in an Assembly File 57 Working with Degrees of Freedom in an Assembly 58 Placing Assembly Constraints to Defi ne Mechanical Movement 60 Creating and Detailing Drawings of Assembly Models 63 Creating an Assembly Detail View 63 Placing a Parts List and Balloons 65 Exporting a Drawing to a PDF File 66 The Bottom Line 66 Chapter 3 • Sketch Techniques 69 Exploring the Options and Settings for Sketches 69 Application Options 70 Document Settings 75 Sketching Basics 75 Creating a Sketch on an Existing Sketch 76 Projecting Geometry into Your Sketch 77 Breaking Links to Projected Geometry 79 Deleting a Sketch 80 Creating Another New Sketch 80 Creating Dimensions 81 Creating a Sketch in a New Part 82 Creating a New Part File from a Template 82 Creating Lines Using the Line Tool 84 Understanding Sketch Constraints 86 Using Degrees of Freedom to View Underconstrained Sketch Elements 88 Using Dimensions to Fully Constrain a Sketch 89 Understanding the Save Options 92 Making a Sketch Active for Edits 93 Using Construction Geometry 93 Using the Polygon Tool and Creating an Aligned Dimension 95 Using Offset and Creating a Three-Point Rectangle 97 Creating Driven Dimensions 99 Taking a Closer Look at Sketch Constraints 102 The Tangent Constraint 103 The Perpendicular Constraint 103 The Parallel Constraint 104 The Coincident Constraint 105 The Concentric Constraint 105 The Collinear Constraint 106 The Horizontal Constraint 106 The Vertical Constraint 107 The Equal Constraint 108 The Fix Constraint 109 The Symmetric Constraint 109 The Smooth Constraint 110 Gaining More Sketch Skills 111 Creating Arcs 111 Creating Automatic Tangents with the Line Tool 113 Understanding the Point/Center Point Tool 113 Projecting Geometry 114 Learning More about Dimensions 115 Measuring Geometry 119 Creating Sketches from AutoCAD Geometry 120 Importing Existing AutoCAD Designs 120 Copying and Pasting Existing AutoCAD Designs into Inventor 122 Creating and Using 3D Sketches 123 Creating a 3D Path 123 Using the 3D Coordinate Triad 124 Exploring More 3D Sketch Tools 127 Best Practices for Working with Sketches 132 The Bottom Line 133 Chapter 4 • Basic Modeling Techniques 135 Exploring Application Options and Settings for Part Modeling 135 Specifying Global Settings 135 Specifying Document-Specific Settings 137 Key Concepts for Creating Basic Part Features 144 Simplifying Your Sketches 147 Exploring the Extrude Tool 148 Extruding Basic Features 149 Editing an Extrusion Feature 152 Extruding with Cut and Taper 152 Extruding with Intersect 153 Extruding Surfaces from Open Profiles 155 Extruding Solids from Open Profiles 156 Extruding with To 158 Extruding with the Minimum Solution Option 160 Extruding with To Next 160 Extruding Between 161 Extruding Multi-body Solids 162 Creating Revolved Parts 164 Revolved Cylindrical Parts vsStacked Circular Extrusions 164 Creating Revolved Parts 165 Creating Work Features 167 Work Planes 168 Work Axes and Work Points 174 Creating Fillets 175 Edge Fillets 176 Face Fillets 179 Full Round Fillets 180 Working with Fillet Features 180 Creating Threaded Features 182 Creating Cosmetic Threads Using the Thread Tool 182 Using the Coil Tool to Create Physical Threads 183 Hole Features 184 Using the Thread and Clearance Spreadsheets 184 Creating Holes in Parts 186 Setting Tolerance Values in Holes 188 Bend Parts 189 Part Modeling Exercise 190 Creating a Base Feature 191 Creating a Second Feature 192 Creating a Sketch-Based Hole Feature 194 Creating a Rectangular Hole Pattern 197 Editing Sketches and Features 199 Repairing Features and Sketches 202 The Bottom Line 204 Chapter 5 • Advanced Modeling Techniques 207 Creating Complex Sweeps and Lofts 207 Creating and Using Sweeps 208 Exploring Sweep Options 210 Creating Loft Features 214 Creating a Part Using Loft and Sculpt 221 Creating Multi-body Parts 223 Creating Multiple Solids 223 Using One Solid to Shape Another 225 Creating Derived Parts and Assemblies 230 Creating Derived Parts 230 Deriving a Part File 230 Deriving an Assembly File 232 Modifying Derived Parts 233 Using the Component Derive Tool 233 Working with Patterns 233 Rectangular Patterns 233 Circular Patterns 234 Patterns Along Curves 236 The Coil Tool and Spiral Patterns 238 Pattern Solids 240 Dynamic Patterns 243 Setting iProperties and Parameters 244 iProperties 244 Part Parameters 245 Assembly Parameters 250 Adding Part Tolerances 250 Tolerances in Sketches 251 Setting Global File Tolerances 252 Working with Limits and Fits 254 Working with Free-Form Modeling and Direct Editing Tools 257 Free-Form Modeling 257 Using the Direct Edit Tool 264 Troubleshooting Failures with the End-of-Part Marker 265 Step 1: Editing the First Feature 266 Step 2: Moving the EOP Marker Down One Feature at a Time 267 The Bottom Line 268 Chapter 6 • Sheet Metal 269 Understanding Sheet-Metal Parts 269 Getting to Know the Features 270 Starting with a Base Feature 270 Creating Secondary Flange Features 276 Adding, Removing, or Deforming Material 285 Using Sheet-Metal Templates and Rules 302 What Are Sheet-Metal Rules? 302 Working with Styles and Templates 310 Working with the Flat Pattern 311 Exploring the Flat Pattern Edit Features 311 Adding Manufacturing Information to the Flat Pattern 311 Using the Flat Pattern Definition Dialog Box 313 Manufacturing Your Flat Pattern 314 Using Sheet-Metal iPart Factories 315 iParts for Confi gurations 316 iParts for Fold Progression 316 Modeling with Non-Sheet-Metal Features 317 Selecting Problematic Features 317 Using Surface-Based Workflows 317 Working with Imported Parts 318 Setting Yourself Up for Success 318 Converting Components 318 Annotating Your Sheet-Metal Design 319 Creating a View of Your Sheet-Metal Design 319 Adding Bend, Punch, and Flat Pattern Annotations 321 The Bottom Line 323 Chapter 7 • Reusing Parts and Features 325 Working with iParts 325 Creating and Modifying iParts 326 Using iParts in Designs 338 Working with iFeatures 340 Creating iFeatures 341 Creating Punch Features 345 Reusing Existing Geometry 349 Copying Features 349 Cloning 351 Linking Parameters Between Two Files 352 Copying Sketches 353 Introducing Content Center 355 Confi guring Content Center 356 Using Content Center 358 Publishing Parts to Content Center 366 The Bottom Line 369 Chapter 8 • Assembly Design Workflows 371 Assembly Relationships 372 Degrees of Freedom 372 Grounded Components 374 How the Constrain Tool Works 375 How the Joint Tool Works 376 Working with Constraints 377 Additional Constrain Tools and Options 391 Working with Joint Relationships 397 Understanding Subassemblies 408 Top-Down Design 410 Developing an Efficient Assembly Workflow 410 Layout Sketches 414 Flexibility 417 Adaptivity 417 Creating Adaptivity 418 Removing Adaptivity from Parts 420 Assembly Features 421 Managing the Bill of Materials 423 Parts-Level BOM Control 424 Assembly-Level BOM Control 424 Assembly Reuse and Configurations 431 Copying Designs 431 Using Representations 433 Using iAssemblies 443 Use Assembly Design Accelerators 447 Functional Design vsGeometric Modeling 447 Working with Design Accelerators 448 The Bottom Line 455 Chapter 9 • Large Assembly Strategies 457 Selecting a Workstation 457 Physical Memory vs Virtual Memory 458 Hardware 458 Working with Performance Settings 461 Express Mode 461 Working with Drawing Settings 461 Working with Model Display Settings 465 Working with General Settings 466 Using the Memory Probe 468 Working with System Settings 469 Large Assembly Best Practices 470 Working with the Model 470 Improving File Open Time 471 Reducing Assembly Constraints 471 Adaptivity 474 Selection Tools 475 View Representations 477 Find 477 Opening the Model 478 Working with Large Assembly Drawings 479 Managing Assembly Detail 483 LOD Strategies 483 Substitute LODs 485 Subassembly LODs 487 Simplifying Parts 489 Removing or Suppressing Unneeded Features 489 The Bottom Line 491 Chapter 10 • Weldment Design 493 Exploring Weldment Design Methodologies 493 Part Files and Part Features 494 Weldment Assembly and Derived Technology 494 Weldment Assembly 495 Multi-body Part Files 496 Modeling Preparations 497 Exploring Cosmetic Welds 499 Creating a Simple Cosmetic Weld 501 Using Split Faces to Place Cosmetic Welds 502 Placing Cosmetic Welds with Extents 502 Creating Weld Beads 503 Creating Fillet Welds 504 Modeling a Fillet Weld 505 Fillet Welds and Gaps 507 Creating Intermittent Fillet Welds 508 Creating Groove Welds 509 Performing Machining Operations 512 Exploring Weld Properties and Combinations 513 Weld Properties 513 Replication 514 Groove and Fillet Weld Combinations 514 Split Technique 515 Using the Weld Symbol 517 Understanding Bead Property Report and Mass Properties 518 Creating Drawing Documentation 519 Weldment Design Stages 521 End Fill 523 Drawing Weld Symbols 524 Caterpillar 525 Generating a Bill of Materials and Parts List 526 The Bottom Line 527 Chapter 11 • Presentations and Exploded Views 529 Getting Started 530 Working in the Presentation Environment 530 Creating an Automatically Exploded Presentation 532 Creating Tweaks Individually 535 Preparing the Exploded Presentation to Be Used in an Animation 538 Hiding Components from View During Animations 544 Rounding Up Presentation Preparation 546 Creating and Publishing Animations 546 Animation File Types and Compression Codecs 547 The Bottom Line 549 Chapter 12 • Documentation 551 Creating Drawing Views 551 Creating a Base View 552 Moving and Copying Views 556 Creating Section Views 557 Slice Views 561 Using Breakout Views 562 Using Detail Views 566 Creating Break Views 567 Cropping Views 570 Using Draft Views 570 Creating Overlay Views 570 Annotating Part Drawings 571 Using Centerline and Center Marks 571 Creating Dimensions 576 Hole and Thread Notes 588 Leadered Symbols589 Drawing Text 590 General Tables 590 Hole Tables 592 Annotating Assembly Drawings 594 Assembly Representations 595 Reference Data in Drawing Views 597 Interference and Tangent Edge Display 598 Parts Lists 599 Balloons 601 Center of Gravity Display 603 Working with Sheet-Metal Drawings 604 Flat Pattern Views 604 Bend Centerlines and Extents 605 Bend and Punch Notes 605 Bend Tables 606 Punch Tables 607 Working with Weldment Views 608 Working with iParts and iAssembly Drawings 610 Drawing Standards 611 Creating Templates and Styles 612 Understanding Template Locations 613 Choosing a File Format 614 Utilizing Drawing Resources 615 Sheet Size 615 Multiple Sheets 616 Creating a Border 616 Creating a Title Block 618 Prompted Entry 623 Sketched Symbols 625 AutoCAD Blocks 627 Sketched Symbol Libraries 627 Sheet Formats 628 Transferring Drawing Resources 629 Editing Styles and Standards 630 Object Defaults 631 Creating Styles 634 Working with Substyles 635 Drawing Style Administration 636 Sharing Your Drawings Outside Your Workgroup 636 The Bottom Line 637 Chapter 13 • Tools Overview 641 Exploring the BIM Exchange 641 Assembly Model Simplification 642 Part Model Simplification 647 Model Authoring 649 Model Publishing 650 Using AutoLimits 653 Creating AutoLimits 655 Editing AutoLimits 657 Using the Design Assistant 658 Using the Find Files Tool 660 Using the Where Used Tool 661 Renaming, Copying, and Replacing Files 663 Using Pack And Go 664 Using the Drawing Resource Transfer Wizard 667 Using the Style Library Manager 668 Using the Task Scheduler 670 Creating a Task for Migrating Files 671 Performing Sequential Tasks 673 Performing Custom Tasks 674 Tweaking Multi-Process Settings 674 Publishing DWF Files and Filenames 675 Using iProperties 675 Copying iProperties to Drawings 677 Creating Expressions with iProperties 678 Working with the Design Assistant and iProperties 679 Creating Design Property Reports 680 Using the Measure Tools 681 Using Measurement Helpers 681 Measuring in Assemblies 683 Participating in the CIP and CER R 683 Participating in the CIP 683 Participating in CER 684 Using Miscellaneous Tools 684 Using the Autodesk Multi-Sheet Plot Tool 684 Using the Add-In Manager 685 Using the Project Editor 686 The Bottom Line 686 Chapter 14 • Exchanging Data with Other Systems 687 Importing and Exporting Geometry 687 Importing vsReferencing Geometry 688 Translating DWG and DXF Files 695 Mechanical Desktop DWG 703 STEP and IGES 704 SAT 706 CATIA Import Options 706 Pro/ENGINEER Import Options 707 Unigraphics and Parasolids Import Options 707 SolidWorks Import Options 708 Rhino Import Options 708 SMT Import Options 708 JT Import Options708 STL Import Options 709 IDF Board Files 709 Working with Imported Data 711 Repair Tools 711 Edit Solid Tools 711 Viewing DWF Markup 714 Publishing a DWF or DWFx File 715 Reviewing and Marking Up DWF and DWFx Files 716 Accessing DWF or DWFx Markups in Inventor 717 The Bottom Line 718 Chapter 15 • Frame Generator 719 Accessing Frame Generator Tools 719 Exploring the Frame Generator File Structure 720 Exploring the Anatomy of a Frame Member 722 Inserting Frame Members 723 Specifying a Structural Shape 723 Changing the Orientation 724 Selecting Placement Geometry 725 Creating a Basic Frame 726 Aligning Frame Members 730 Using the Change Tool731 Adding End Treatments 732 Miter 733 Trim/Extend to Face 736 Trim to Frame Member 737 Notch Frame Members 738 Lengthen/Shorten Frame Member 739 Reuse Frame Members 739 Maintaining Frames 741 Remove End Treatments 741 Frame Member Information 741 Refresh 741 Performing Calculations and Analysis 742 The Beam and Column Calculator 742 Publishing Frame Members 751 Authoring a Part 751 Publishing a Part 754 Frame Assemblies and BOMs 755 The Bottom Line 756 Chapter 16 • Inventor Studio 757 How to Make Your Models Look Great, Live Onscreen 758 Materials and Appearances 758 Visual Styles Settings 764 Saving an Image 773 Rounding Up 773 An Introduction to Inventor Studio 774 How to Create a Still Image (Render) 776 Inventor Studio Lighting Styles 780 How to Add Local Lights 781 How to Add Cameras 784 How to Create an Animated Render 788 Animating with Inventor Studio 790 Inventor Studio Video Producer 796 Rendering Animations 797 Inventor Studio Roundup 798 The Bottom Line 799 Chapter 17 • Stress Analysis and Dynamic Simulation 801 Introducing Analysis 801 Conducting Stress Analysis Simulations 802 Simulation Guide 803 Static Stress vsModal Analysis 803 Simplifying Your Model 803 Specifying Materials 804 Applying Simulation Constraints 805 Applying Loads 806 Specifying Contact Conditions 808 Preparing Thin Bodies 810 Generating a Mesh 810 Running the Simulation 812 Interpreting the Results 813 Using the Result, Scaling, Display, and Report Tools 814 Conducting Parameter Studies 815 Conducting a Frame Analysis 819 Frame Analysis Settings 819 Frame Constraints 819 Frame Loads 820 Connections 821 Results821 Conducting Dynamic Simulations 823 Working with Joints 823 More on Working with Joints 827 Working with Redundancy 828 Working with Environmental Constraints 829 Running a Simulation 835 Exporting to FEA 838 Using the Dynamic Simulation Information in Stress Analysis 839 The Bottom Line 839 Chapter 18 • Routed Systems 841 Tube and Pipe 841 Understanding Routes, Runs, and Assembly Structure 841 Tube and Pipe Settings 843 Exploring the Tube and Pipe Styles 844 Placing Fittings 849 Creating Routes 850 Exporting ISOGEN Files 859 Cable and Harness 859 Creating and Placing Electrical Parts 860 Creating a Harness 863 Placing Wires 865 Using the Cable & Harness Library 866 Placing Cables 867 Placing and Editing Segments 868 Copying Cable and Harness Designs 871 Creating Nailboard Drawings 873 The Bottom Line 875 Chapter 19 • Plastics Design Features 877 Creating Thicken/Offset Features 878 Creating Shell Features 879 Creating Split Features 881 Creating Grill Features 882 Creating Rule Fillet Features 884 Creating Rest Features 886 Creating Boss Features 888 Creating Lip and Groove Features 891 Creating Snap-Fit Features 892 Creating Rib and Web Features 894 Creating Draft Features 896 Mold Design Overview 898 Inventor Tooling 898 Importing a Plastic Part 899 Creating Runners and Gates 902 Analyzing and Creating Cores and Cavities 904 Working with Mold Bases 907 Working with Ejectors and Sprue Bushings 909 The Bottom Line 912 Chapter 20 • iLogic 915 What Is iLogic? 915 Understanding iLogic Rules 916 What Are Functions? 916 Conditional Statements 919 Understanding the iLogic Elements and Interface 921 Exploring iLogic Parameter Types 921 Using the iLogic Browser 924 Understanding the iTrigger 930 Working with Event Triggers 930 Creating iLogic Parameters, Rules, and Forms 931 Creating iLogic Rules 931 Creating iLogic Forms 946 Working with iLogic Components 957 iLogic Design Copy 958 The Bottom Line 959 Appendix A • Th e Bottom Line 961 Chapter 1: Getting Started 961 Chapter 2: A Hands-on Test-Drive of the Workflow 963 Chapter 3: Sketch Techniques 964 Chapter 4: Basic Modeling Techniques 966 Chapter 5: Advanced Modeling Techniques 968 Chapter 6: Sheet Metal 970 Chapter 7: Reusing Parts and Features 973 Chapter 8: Assembly Design Workfl ows 974 Chapter 9: Large Assembly Strategies 977 Chapter 10: Weldment Design 978 Chapter 11: Presentations and Exploded Views 980 Chapter 12: Documentation 981 Chapter 13: Tools Overview 984 Chapter 14: Exchanging Data with Other Systems 986 Chapter 15: Frame Generator 987 Chapter 16: Inventor Studio 988 Chapter 17: Stress Analysis and Dynamic Simulation 991 Chapter 18: Routed Systems 991 Chapter 19: Plastics Design Features 992 Chapter 20: iLogic 995 Appendix B • Autodesk Inventor 2016 Certification 999 Index 1009

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Book SynopsisThe step-by-step, full-color AutoCAD 2018 guide with real-world practicality AutoCAD 2018 and AutoCAD LT 2018 Essentials provides a full-color, task-based approach to mastering this powerful software. Straightforward, easy-to-follow instruction pairs with real-world, hands-on exercises to help you quickly get up to speed with core features and functions; screenshots illustrate tutorial steps to help you follow along, and each chapter concludes with a more open-ended project so you can dive in and explore a specific topic in-depth. From 2D drawing and organization to 3D modeling, dimensioning, presenting, and more, this helpful guide walks you through everything you need to know to become productive with AutoCAD 2018 and AutoCAD LT 2018. The companion website features downloadable starting and ending files for each exercise, so you can jump in at any point and compare your work to the pros, as well as additional tutorials to help you go as deep as you need tTable of ContentsIntroduction xiii Chapter 1 Get ting Star ted 1 Sign In to Autodesk 360 on the Start Tab 1 Exercise 1.1: Configure Autodesk 360 1 Explore the AutoCAD 2018 for Windows User Interface 4 Exercise 1.2: Explore the Graphical User Interface 4 Exercise 1.3: Control the AutoCAD Ribbon 9 Set Drawing Units 13 Exercise 1.4: Set the AutoCAD Drawing Units 14 Chapter 2 Gaining Basic Drawing Skills 17 Navigate 2D Drawings 17 Exercise 2.1: Navigate a Drawing 17 Draw Lines and Rectangles 21 Exercise 2.2: Draw Lines 21 Exercise 2.3: Draw Rectangles 24 Cancel, Erase, and Undo 25 Exercise 2.4: Correct Mistakes 25 Use Coordinate Systems 27 Exercise 2.5: Use Absolute Coordinates 27 Exercise 2.6: Use Relative Coordinates 28 Exercise 2.7: Use Polar Coordinates 29 Draw Circles, Arcs, and Polygons 33 Exercise 2.8: Create Circles 33 Exercise 2.9: Create Arcs 36 Exercise 2.10: Draw Polygons 38 Use Fillet and Chamfer 40 Exercise 2.11: Join Nonparallel Lines 40 Exercise 2.12: Join Crossed Lines with Fillet 41 Chapter 3 Using Drawing Aids 43 Use Grid and Snap 43 Exercise 3.1: Draw with Grid and Snap 44t e n t s Employ Ortho and Polar Tracking 47 Exercise 3.2: Draw with Ortho and Polar Tracking 47 Use PolarSnap 48 Exercise 3.3: Draw with PolarSnap 49 Select Running Object Snaps 51 Exercise 3.4: Draw with Running Object Snaps 51 Harness the From Snap 54 Exercise 3.5: Use the From Snap 54 Apply Object Snap Tracking 55 Exercise 3.6: Use Object Snap Tracking 55 Chapter 4 Editing Entities 59 Create Selection Sets 59 Exercise 4.1: Create a Selection Set at the Select Objects: Prompt 60 Exercise 4.2: Create a Selection Set Before Deciding on a Command 62 Use Move and Copy 66 Exercise 4.3: Move and Copy 66 Use Rotate and Scale 70 Exercise 4.4: Rotate and Scale 70 Work with Arrays 73 Exercise 4.5: Create a Rectangular Array 74 Exercise 4.6: Create a Polar Array 75 Use Trim and Extend 77 Exercise 4.7: Trim and Measure 77 Use Lengthen and Stretch 78 Exercise 4.8: Lengthen and Stretch 79 Use Offset and Mirror 80 Exercise 4.9: Offset and Mirror 80 Edit with Grips 82 Exercise 4.10: Edit with Grips 83 Chapter 5 Shaping Curves 85 Draw and Edit Curved Polylines 85 Exercise 5.1: Draw and Edit Curved Polylines 85 Draw Ellipses 91 Exercise 5.2: Draw Ellipses 91 Shape Splines 93 Exercise 5.3: Work with Control Vertices 94 Exercise 5.4: Work with Fit Points 98 Blend Between Objects with Splines 101 Exercise 5.5: Blend Splines 102 Chapter 6 Controlling Object Visibility and Appearance 105 Change Object Properties 105 Exercise 6.1: Edit Object Properties 106 Set the Current Layer 109 Exercise 6.2: Choose the Current Layer 110 Alter the Layer Assignments of Objects 113 Exercise 6.3: Assign Layers 113 Control Layer Visibility 116 Exercise 6.4: Toggle Layer Status 116 Exercise 6.5: Isolate Layers 118 Exercise 6.6: Save Layer States 120 Apply Linetype 121 Exercise 6.7: Use Linetype 122 Assign Properties by Object or by Layer 125 Exercise 6.8: Assign Properties 125 Manage Layer Properties 126 Exercise 6.9: Control Layer Properties 126 Isolate Objects 128 Exercise 6.10: Isolate and Hide Individual Objects 128 Chapter 7 Organizing Objects 131 Define Blocks 131 Exercise 7.1: Draw a Chair and Define It as a Block 132 Exercise 7.2: Draw a Door and Define It as a Block 135 Insert Blocks 137 Exercise 7.3: Use Blocks 137 Edit Blocks 141 Exercise 7.4: Edit Block Definitions 142 Exercise 7.5: Assign Floating Properties 143 Exercise 7.6: Nest Blocks 145 Exercise 7.7: Explode Blocks 147t e n t s Redefine Blocks 148 Exercise 7.8: Redefine Block Definitions 148 Work with Groups 151 Exercise 7.9: Create Groups 151 Chapter 8 Hatching and Gradients 155 Specify Hatch Areas 155 Exercise 8.1: Pick Points to Determine Boundaries 155 Exercise 8.2: Select Objects to Define Boundaries 159 Associate Hatches with Boundaries 161 Exercise 8.3: Associate Boundaries 161 Hatch with Patterns 163 Exercise 8.4: Specify Properties 164 Exercise 8.5: Separate Hatch Areas 165 Hatch with Gradients 168 Exercise 8.6: Create Gradients 168 Chapter 9 Working with Blocks and Xrefs 171 Work with Global Blocks 171 Exercise 9.1: Write a Local Block Definition to a File 171 Exercise 9.2: Insert a Drawing as a Local Block 175 Exercise 9.3: Redefine Local Blocks with Global Blocks 177 Access Content Globally 179 Exercise 9.4: Access Global Content 179 Store Content on Tool Palettes 180 Exercise 9.5: Add to the Tool Palettes 180 Reference External Drawings and Images 183 Exercise 9.6: Use Xrefs 183 Chapter 10 Creating and Editing Text 189 Style Text 189 Exercise 10.1: Create Text Styles 189 Write Lines of Text 191 Exercise 10.2: Create Text to Fit 191 Exercise 10.3: Justify Text 193 Exercise 10.4: Transform and Create Text 194 Write and Format Paragraphs Using MTEXT 197 Exercise 10.5: Write and Format with MTEXT 197t Edit Text 200 Exercise 10.6: Edit Content and Properties 201 Exercise 10.7: Work with Columns 202 Recognize and Combine Text 203 Exercise 10.8: Import, Recognize, and Combine Text from PDF 204 Chapter 11 Dimensioning 209 Style Dimensions 209 Exercise 11.1: Create Dimension Styles 210 Add Dimensions 215 Exercise 11.2: Use Inquiry Commands 215 Exercise 11.3: Add Dimension Objects 218 Exercise 11.4: Add and Style Multileaders 222 Edit Dimensions 223 Exercise 11.5: Alter Dimension Objects 223 Chapter 12 Keeping In Control with Constraints 227 Work with Geometric Constraints 227 Exercise 12.1: Use Geometric Constraints 227 Apply Dimensional Constraints 230 Exercise 12.2: Create Dimensional Constraints 231 Constrain Objects Simultaneously with Geometry and Dimensions 234 Exercise 12.3: Use Simultaneous Constraints 234 Make Parametric Changes to Constrained Objects 236 Exercise 12.4: Alter Constraint Parameters 237 Chapter 13 Working with Layouts and Annotative Objects 239 Create Annotative Styles and Objects 239 Exercise 13.1: Work with Annotative Text 240 Exercise 13.2: Work with Annotative Dimensions 243 Create Layouts 245 Exercise 13.3: Configure Layouts 245 Adjust Floating Viewports 248 Exercise 13.4: Work on Layout1 249 Exercise 13.5: Work on Layout2 252 Override Layer Properties in Layout Viewports 254 Exercise 13.6: Override Layer Properties 255 Draw on Layouts 256 Exercise 13.7: Lay Out Geometry 256on t e n t s Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Get ting Star ted 1 Sign In to Autodesk 360 on the Start Tab 1 Exercise 1.1: Configure Autodesk 360 1 Explore the AutoCAD 2018 for Windows User Interface 4 Exercise 1.2: Explore the Graphical User Interface 4 Exercise 1.3: Control the AutoCAD Ribbon 9 Set Drawing Units 13 Exercise 1.4: Set the AutoCAD Drawing Units 14 Chapter 2 Gaining Basic Drawing Skills 17 Navigate 2D Drawings 17 Exercise 2.1: Navigate a Drawing 17 Draw Lines and Rectangles 21 Exercise 2.2: Draw Lines 21 Exercise 2.3: Draw Rectangles 24 Cancel, Erase, and Undo 25 Exercise 2.4: Correct Mistakes 25 Use Coordinate Systems 27 Exercise 2.5: Use Absolute Coordinates 27 Exercise 2.6: Use Relative Coordinates 28 Exercise 2.7: Use Polar Coordinates 29 Draw Circles, Arcs, and Polygons 33 Exercise 2.8: Create Circles 33 Exercise 2.9: Create Arcs 36 Exercise 2.10: Draw Polygons 38 Use Fillet and Chamfer 40 Exercise 2.11: Join Nonparallel Lines 40 Exercise 2.12: Join Crossed Lines with Fillet 41 Chapter 3 Using Drawing Aids 43 Use Grid and Snap 43 Exercise 3.1: Draw with Grid and Snap 44t e n t s Employ Ortho and Polar Tracking 47 Exercise 3.2: Draw with Ortho and Polar Tracking 47 Use PolarSnap 48 Exercise 3.3: Draw with PolarSnap 49 Select Running Object Snaps 51 Exercise 3.4: Draw with Running Object Snaps 51 Harness the From Snap 54 Exercise 3.5: Use the From Snap 54 Apply Object Snap Tracking 55 Exercise 3.6: Use Object Snap Tracking 55 Chapter 4 Editing Entities 59 Create Selection Sets 59 Exercise 4.1: Create a Selection Set at the Select Objects: Prompt 60 Exercise 4.2: Create a Selection Set Before Deciding on a Command 62 Use Move and Copy 66 Exercise 4.3: Move and Copy 66 Use Rotate and Scale 70 Exercise 4.4: Rotate and Scale 70 Work with Arrays 73 Exercise 4.5: Create a Rectangular Array 74 Exercise 4.6: Create a Polar Array 75 Use Trim and Extend 77 Exercise 4.7: Trim and Measure 77 Use Lengthen and Stretch 78 Exercise 4.8: Lengthen and Stretch 79 Use Offset and Mirror 80 Exercise 4.9: Offset and Mirror 80 Edit with Grips 82 Exercise 4.10: Edit with Grips 83 Chapter 5 Shaping Curves 85 Draw and Edit Curved Polylines 85 Exercise 5.1: Draw and Edit Curved Polylines 85 Draw Ellipses 91 Exercise 5.2: Draw Ellipses 91 Shape Splines 93 Exercise 5.3: Work with Control Vertices 94 Exercise 5.4: Work with Fit Points 98 Blend Between Objects with Splines 101 Exercise 5.5: Blend Splines 102 Chapter 6 Controlling Object Visibility and Appearance 105 Change Object Properties 105 Exercise 6.1: Edit Object Properties 106 Set the Current Layer 109 Exercise 6.2: Choose the Current Layer 110 Alter the Layer Assignments of Objects 113 Exercise 6.3: Assign Layers 113 Control Layer Visibility 116 Exercise 6.4: Toggle Layer Status 116 Exercise 6.5: Isolate Layers 118 Exercise 6.6: Save Layer States 120 Apply Linetype 121 Exercise 6.7: Use Linetype 122 Assign Properties by Object or by Layer 125 Exercise 6.8: Assign Properties 125 Manage Layer Properties 126 Exercise 6.9: Control Layer Properties 126 Isolate Objects 128 Exercise 6.10: Isolate and Hide Individual Objects 128 Chapter 7 Organizing Objects 131 Define Blocks 131 Exercise 7.1: Draw a Chair and Define It as a Block 132 Exercise 7.2: Draw a Door and Define It as a Block 135 Insert Blocks 137 Exercise 7.3: Use Blocks 137 Edit Blocks 141 Exercise 7.4: Edit Block Definitions 142 Exercise 7.5: Assign Floating Properties 143 Exercise 7.6: Nest Blocks 145 Exercise 7.7: Explode Blocks 147t e n t s Redefine Blocks 148 Exercise 7.8: Redefine Block Definitions 148 Work with Groups 151 Exercise 7.9: Create Groups 151 Chapter 8 Hatching and Gradients 155 Specify Hatch Areas 155 Exercise 8.1: Pick Points to Determine Boundaries 155 Exercise 8.2: Select Objects to Define Boundaries 159 Associate Hatches with Boundaries 161 Exercise 8.3: Associate Boundaries 161 Hatch with Patterns 163 Exercise 8.4: Specify Properties 164 Exercise 8.5: Separate Hatch Areas 165 Hatch with Gradients 168 Exercise 8.6: Create Gradients 168 Chapter 9 Working with Blocks and Xrefs 171 Work with Global Blocks 171 Exercise 9.1: Write a Local Block Definition to a File 171 Exercise 9.2: Insert a Drawing as a Local Block 175 Exercise 9.3: Redefine Local Blocks with Global Blocks 177 Access Content Globally 179 Exercise 9.4: Access Global Content 179 Store Content on Tool Palettes 180 Exercise 9.5: Add to the Tool Palettes 180 Reference External Drawings and Images 183 Exercise 9.6: Use Xrefs 183 Chapter 10 Creating and Editing Text 189 Style Text 189 Exercise 10.1: Create Text Styles 189 Write Lines of Text 191 Exercise 10.2: Create Text to Fit 191 Exercise 10.3: Justify Text 193 Exercise 10.4: Transform and Create Text 194 Write and Format Paragraphs Using MTEXT 197 Exercise 10.5: Write and Format with MTEXT 197t Edit Text 200 Exercise 10.6: Edit Content and Properties 201 Exercise 10.7: Work with Columns 202 Recognize and Combine Text 203 Exercise 10.8: Import, Recognize, and Combine Text from PDF 204 Chapter 11 Dimensioning 209 Style Dimensions 209 Exercise 11.1: Create Dimension Styles 210 Add Dimensions 215 Exercise 11.2: Use Inquiry Commands 215 Exercise 11.3: Add Dimension Objects 218 Exercise 11.4: Add and Style Multileaders 222 Edit Dimensions 223 Exercise 11.5: Alter Dimension Objects 223 Chapter 12 Keeping In Control with Constraints 227 Work with Geometric Constraints 227 Exercise 12.1: Use Geometric Constraints 227 Apply Dimensional Constraints 230 Exercise 12.2: Create Dimensional Constraints 231 Constrain Objects Simultaneously with Geometry and Dimensions 234 Exercise 12.3: Use Simultaneous Constraints 234 Make Parametric Changes to Constrained Objects 236 Exercise 12.4: Alter Constraint Parameters 237 Chapter 13 Working with Layouts and Annotative Objects 239 Create Annotative Styles and Objects 239 Exercise 13.1: Work with Annotative Text 240 Exercise 13.2: Work with Annotative Dimensions 243 Create Layouts 245 Exercise 13.3: Configure Layouts 245 Adjust Floating Viewports 248 Exercise 13.4: Work on Layout1 249 Exercise 13.5: Work on Layout2 252 Override Layer Properties in Layout Viewports 254 Exercise 13.6: Override Layer Properties 255 Draw on Layouts 256 Exercise 13.7: Lay Out Geometry 256on t e n t s Chapter 14 Printing and Plot ting 261 Configure Output Devices 261 Exercise 14.1: Set Up a System Printer 262 Exercise 14.2: Set Up an AutoCAD Plotter 262 Create Plot Style Tables 265 Exercise 14.3: Create a Named Plot Style Table 265 Use Plot Style Tables 267 Exercise 14.4: Configure New Drawings for Named Plot Style Tables 267 Exercise 14.5: Assign Plot Styles by Layer or by Object 270 Plot in Model Space 273 Exercise 14.6: Plot from Model Space 273 Plot Layouts in Paper Space 277 Exercise 14.7: Plot from Paper Space 277 Export to an Electronic Format 280 Exercise 14.8: Export to DWF 281 Exercise 14.9: Export to PDF 282 Exercise 14.10: Share Design Views 284 Chapter 15 Working with Data 287 Geolocate Projects 287 Exercise 15.1: Geolocate a Drawing 288 Import SketchUp Models 292 Exercise 15.2: Import a SketchUp Model 292 Define Attributes and Blocks 293 Exercise 15.3: Define Attributes and a Block 294 Insert Attributed Blocks 298 Exercise 15.4: Insert Block References with Attributes 298 Edit Table Styles and Create Tables 300 Exercise 15.5: Alter a Table Style and Make a Table 300 Use Fields in Table Cells 305 Exercise 15.6: Create Fields 305 Edit Table Data 308 Exercise 15.7: Alter Table Data 308 Chapter 16 Navigating 3D Models 317 Use Visual Styles 317 Exercise 16.1: Explore Visual Styles 318 Work with Tiled Viewports 322 Exercise 16.2: Tile Viewports 322 Navigate with the ViewCube 324 Exercise 16.3: Use the ViewCube to Navigate 324 Orbit in 3D 326 Exercise 16.4: Orbit 326 Use Cameras 328 Exercise 16.5: Utilize Virtual Cameras 328 Navigate with SteeringWheels 331 Exercise 16.6: Use SteeringWheels to Navigate 331 Save Views 334 Exercise 16.7: Save Views 334 Chapter 17 Modeling in 3D 337 Create Surface Models 337 Exercise 17.1: Make Planar Surfaces 338 Exercise 17.2: Revolve a 2D Profile to Create a 3D Model 339 Exercise 17.3: Sweep Out 3D Geometry 340 Exercise 17.4: Extrude 2D Geometry into 3D 342 Edit Surface Models 344 Exercise 17.5: Trim Surfaces with Other Surfaces 344 Exercise 17.6: Project Edges on Surfaces 345 Exercise 17.7: Trim Surfaces with Edges 348 Create Solid Models 350 Exercise 17.8: Extrude Solid Objects 350 Exercise 17.9: Loft Solid Objects 354 Edit Solid Models 356 Exercise 17.10: Perform Boolean Operations 356 Exercise 17.11: Edit Solids 359 Smooth Mesh Models 363 Exercise 17.12: Create, Edit, and Smooth Mesh 363 Live-Section Models 365 Exercise 17.13: Create and Edit a Section Plane 365 Chapter 18 Presenting and Documenting 3D Design 369 Assign Materials 370 Exercise 18.1: Apply Materials 370t e n t s Place and Adjust Lights 376 Exercise 18.2: Add Artificial Lights 376 Exercise 18.3: Simulate Natural Light 382 Create Renderings 383 Exercise 18.4: Make Realistic Renderings in the Cloud 383 Document Models with Drawings 387 Exercise 18.5: Document Models 387 Appendix A Making Isometric Drawings 393 Appendix B Autodesk™ AutoCAD™ 2018 Certif ication 399 Index 403 Configure Output Devices 261 Exercise 14.1: Set Up a System Printer 262 Exercise 14.2: Set Up an AutoCAD Plotter 262 Create Plot Style Tables 265 Exercise 14.3: Create a Named Plot Style Table 265 Use Plot Style Tables 267 Exercise 14.4: Configure New Drawings for Named Plot Style Tables 267 Exercise 14.5: Assign Plot Styles by Layer or by Object 270 Plot in Model Space 273 Exercise 14.6: Plot from Model Space 273 Plot Layouts in Paper Space 277 Exercise 14.7: Plot from Paper Space 277 Export to an Electronic Format 280 Exercise 14.8: Export to DWF 281 Exercise 14.9: Export to PDF 282 Exercise 14.10: Share Design Views 284 Chapter 15 Working with Data 287 Geolocate Projects 287 Exercise 15.1: Geolocate a Drawing 288 Import SketchUp Models 292 Exercise 15.2: Import a SketchUp Model 292 Define Attributes and Blocks 293 Exercise 15.3: Define Attributes and a Block 294 Insert Attributed Blocks 298 Exercise 15.4: Insert Block References with Attributes 298 Edit Table Styles and Create Tables 300 Exercise 15.5: Alter a Table Style and Make a Table 300 Use Fields in Table Cells 305 Exercise 15.6: Create Fields 305 Edit Table Data 308 Exercise 15.7: Alter Table Data 308 Chapter 16 Navigating 3D Models 317 Use Visual Styles 317 Exercise 16.1: Explore Visual Styles 318 Work with Tiled Viewports 322 Exercise 16.2: Tile Viewports 322 Navigate with the ViewCube 324 Exercise 16.3: Use the ViewCube to Navigate 324 Orbit in 3D 326 Exercise 16.4: Orbit 326 Use Cameras 328 Exercise 16.5: Utilize Virtual Cameras 328 Navigate with SteeringWheels 331 Exercise 16.6: Use SteeringWheels to Navigate 331 Save Views 334 Exercise 16.7: Save Views 334 Chapter 17 Modeling in 3D 337 Create Surface Models 337 Exercise 17.1: Make Planar Surfaces 338 Exercise 17.2: Revolve a 2D Profile to Create a 3D Model 339 Exercise 17.3: Sweep Out 3D Geometry 340 Exercise 17.4: Extrude 2D Geometry into 3D 342 Edit Surface Models 344 Exercise 17.5: Trim Surfaces with Other Surfaces 344 Exercise 17.6: Project Edges on Surfaces 345 Exercise 17.7: Trim Surfaces with Edges 348 Create Solid Models 350 Exercise 17.8: Extrude Solid Objects 350 Exercise 17.9: Loft Solid Objects 354 Edit Solid Models 356 Exercise 17.10: Perform Boolean Operations 356 Exercise 17.11: Edit Solids 359 Smooth Mesh Models 363 Exercise 17.12: Create, Edit, and Smooth Mesh 363 Live-Section Models 365 Exercise 17.13: Create and Edit a Section Plane 365 Chapter 18 Presenting and Documenting 3D Design 369 Assign Materials 370 Exercise 18.1: Apply Materials 370t e n t s Place and Adjust Lights 376 Exercise 18.2: Add Artificial Lights 376 Exercise 18.3: Simulate Natural Light 382 Create Renderings 383 Exercise 18.4: Make Realistic Renderings in the Cloud 383 Document Models with Drawings 387 Exercise 18.5: Document Models 387 Appendix A Making Isometric Drawings 393 Appendix B Autodesk™ AutoCAD™ 2018 Certif ication 399 Index 403

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Book SynopsisHow to design for optimum maintenance capabilities and minimize the repair time Design for Maintainability offers engineers a wide range of tools and techniques for incorporating maintainability into the design process for complex systems. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the book explains how to design for optimum maintenance capabilities while simultaneously minimizing the time to repair equipment. The book contains a wealth of examples and the most up-to-date maintainability design practices that have proven to result in better system readiness, shorter downtimes, and substantial cost savings over the entire system life cycle, thereby, decreasing the Total Cost of Ownership. Design for Maintainability offers a wealth of design practices not covered in typical engineering books, thus allowing readers to think outside the box when developing maintainability design requirements. The book?s principles and practices can help engineers to dramatically improve their Table of ContentsSeries Editor’s Foreword by Dr Andre Kleyner xix Preface xxi Acknowledgments xxiii Introduction: What You Will Learn xxv 1 Design for Maintainability Paradigms 1Louis J. Gullo and Jack Dixon 1.1 Why Design for Maintainability? 1 1.1.1 What is a System? 1 1.1.2 What is Maintainability? 1 1.1.3 What is Testability? 2 1.2 Maintainability Factors for Design Consideration 2 1.2.1 Part Standardization 3 1.2.2 Structure Modularization 3 1.2.3 Kit Packaging 3 1.2.4 Part Interchangeability 3 1.2.5 Human Accessibility 4 1.2.6 Fault Detection 4 1.2.7 Fault Isolation 4 1.2.8 Part Identification 5 1.3 Reflections on the Current State of the Art 5 1.4 Paradigms for Design for Maintainability 6 1.4.1 Maintainability is Inversely Proportional to Reliability 7 1.4.2 Maintainability is Directly Proportional to Testability and Prognostics and Health Monitoring 7 1.4.3 Strive for Ambiguity Groups No Greater Than 3 7 1.4.4 Migrate from Scheduled Maintenance to Condition-based Maintenance 8 1.4.5 Consider the Human as the Maintainer 8 1.4.6 Modularity Speeds Repairs 8 1.4.7 Maintainability Predicts Downtime During Repairs 8 1.4.8 Understand the Maintenance Requirements 9 1.4.9 Support Maintainability with Data 9 1.5 Summary 10 References 11 2 History of Maintainability 13Louis J. Gullo 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Ancient History 13 2.3 The Difference Between Maintainability and Maintenance Engineering 14 2.4 Early Maintainability References 15 2.4.1 The First Maintainability Standards 15 2.4.2 Introduction to MIL-STD-470 16 2.5 Original Maintainability Program Roadmap 17 2.5.1 Task 1: The Maintainability Program Plan 17 2.5.2 Task 2: Maintainability Analysis 17 2.5.3 Task 3: Maintenance Inputs 18 2.5.4 Task 4: Maintainability Design Criteria 18 2.5.5 Task 5: Maintainability Trade Studies 19 2.5.6 Task 6: Maintainability Predictions 19 2.5.7 Task 7: Vendor Controls 19 2.5.8 Task 8: Integration 19 2.5.9 Task 9: Maintainability Design Reviews 20 2.5.10 Task 10: Maintainability Data System 21 2.5.11 Task 11: Maintainability Demonstration 21 2.5.12 Task 12: Maintainability Status Reports 21 2.6 Maintainability Evolution Over the Time Period 1966 to 1978 21 2.7 Improvements During the Period 1978 to 1997 22 2.8 Introduction of Testability 23 2.9 Introduction of Artificial Intelligence 24 2.10 Introduction to MIL-HDBK-470A 24 2.11 Summary 26 References 26 3 Maintainability Program Planning and Management 29David E. Franck, CPL and Anne Meixner, PhD 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 System/Product Life Cycle 29 3.3 Opportunities to Influence Design 33 3.3.1 Engineering Design 33 3.3.2 Design Activities 33 3.3.3 Design Reviews 36 3.4 Maintainability Program Planning 37 3.4.1 Typical Maintainability Engineering Tasks 38 3.4.2 Typical Maintainability Program Plan Outline 38 3.5 Interfaces with Other Functions 42 3.6 Managing Vendor/Subcontractor Maintainability Efforts 44 3.7 Change Management 45 3.8 Cost-effectiveness 47 3.9 Maintenance and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) 50 3.10 Warranties 52 3.11 Summary 53 References 54 Suggestions for Additional Reading 54 4 Maintenance Concept 55David E. Franck, CPL 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Developing the Maintenance Concept 57 4.2.1 Maintainability Requirements 60 4.2.2 Categories of Maintenance 61 4.2.2.1 Scheduled Maintenance 61 4.2.2.2 Unscheduled Maintenance 63 4.3 Levels of Maintenance 69 4.4 Logistic Support 70 4.4.1 Design Interface 71 4.4.2 Design Considerations for Improved Logistics Support 71 4.4.2.1 Tools 71 4.4.2.2 Skills 72 4.4.2.3 Test/Support Equipment – Common and Special 72 4.4.2.4 Training 72 4.4.2.5 Facilities 73 4.4.2.6 Reliability 73 4.4.2.7 Spares Provisioning 75 4.4.2.8 Backshop Support 75 4.5 Summary 76 References 77 Suggestions for Additional Reading 77 5 Maintainability Requirements and Design Criteria 79Louis J. Gullo and Jack Dixon 5.1 Introduction 79 5.2 Maintainability Requirements 79 5.2.1 Different Maintainability Requirements for Different Markets 81 5.3 The Systems Engineering Approach 81 5.3.1 Requirements Analysis 82 5.3.1.1 Types of Requirements 82 5.3.1.2 Good Requirements 83 5.3.2 System Design Evaluation 84 5.3.3 Maintainability in the Systems Engineering Process 84 5.4 Developing Maintainability Requirements 84 5.4.1 Defining Quantitative Maintainability Requirements 85 5.4.2 Quantitative Preventive Maintainability Requirements 87 5.4.3 Quantitative Corrective Maintainability Requirements 88 5.4.4 Defining Qualitative Maintainability Requirements 90 5.5 Maintainability Design Goals 90 5.6 Maintainability Guidelines 91 5.7 Maintainability Design Criteria 91 5.8 Maintainability Design Checklists 93 5.9 Design Criteria that Provide or Improve Maintainability 94 5.10 Conclusions 95 References 95 Suggestions for Additional Reading 96 Additional Sources of Checklists 96 6 Maintainability Analysis and Modeling 97James Kovacevic 6.1 Introduction 97 6.2 Functional Analysis 98 6.2.1 Constructing a Functional Block Diagram 99 6.2.2 Using a Functional Block Diagram 100 6.3 Maintainability Analysis 100 6.3.1 Objectives of Maintainability Analyses 101 6.3.2 Typical Products of Maintainability Analyses 101 6.4 Commonly Used Maintainability Analyses 101 6.4.1 Equipment Downtime Analysis 102 6.4.2 Maintainability Design Evaluation 102 6.4.3 Testability Analysis 102 6.4.4 Human Factors Analysis 102 6.4.5 Maintainability Allocations 103 6.4.5.1 Failure Rate Complexity Method 104 6.4.5.2 Variation of the Failure Rate Complexity Method 104 6.4.5.3 Statistically-based Allocation Method 104 6.4.5.4 Equal Distribution Method 106 6.4.6 Maintainability Design Trade Study 106 6.4.7 Maintainability Models and Modeling 108 6.4.7.1 Poisson Distribution in Maintainability Models 108 6.4.8 Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis – Maintenance Actions (FMECA-MA) 110 6.4.9 Maintenance Activities Block Diagrams 110 6.4.10 Maintainability Prediction 112 6.4.11 Maintenance Task Analysis (MTA) 112 6.4.12 Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) 113 6.4.12.1 Performing a Level of Repair Analysis 114 6.4.12.2 Managing LORA Data 116 6.4.12.3 Level of Repair Analysis Outcomes 117 6.5 Summary 117 References 117 Suggestion for Additional Reading 118 7 Maintainability Predictions and Task Analysis 119Louis J. Gullo and James Kovacevic 7.1 Introduction 119 7.2 Maintainability Prediction Standard 119 7.3 Maintainability Prediction Techniques 120 7.3.1 Maintainability Prediction Procedure I 121 7.3.1.1 Preparation Activities 121 7.3.1.2 Failure Verification Activities 121 7.3.1.3 Failure Location Activities 122 7.3.1.4 Part Procurement Activities 122 7.3.1.5 Repair Activities 122 7.3.1.6 Final Test Activities 123 7.3.1.7 Probability Distributions 123 7.3.2 Maintainability Prediction Procedure II 123 7.3.2.1 Use of Maintainability Predictions for Corrective Maintenance 123 7.3.2.2 Use of Maintainability Predictions for Preventive Maintenance 124 7.3.2.3 Use of Maintainability Predictions for Active Maintenance 124 7.3.3 Maintainability Prediction Procedure III 124 7.3.4 Maintainability Prediction Procedure IV 125 7.3.5 Maintainability Prediction Procedure V 127 7.4 Maintainability Prediction Results 127 7.5 Bayesian Methodologies 129 7.5.1 Definition of Bayesian Terms 130 7.5.2 Bayesian Example 130 7.6 Maintenance Task Analysis 130 7.6.1 Maintenance Task Analysis Process andWorksheets 132 7.6.2 Completing a Maintenance Task Analysis Sheet 134 7.6.3 Personnel and Skill Data Entry 134 7.6.4 Spare Parts, Supply Chain, and Inventory Management Data Entry 135 7.6.5 Test and Support Equipment Data Entry 137 7.6.6 Facility Requirements Data Entry 137 7.6.7 Maintenance Manuals 138 7.6.8 Maintenance Plan 138 7.7 Summary 139 References 139 8 Design for Machine Learning 141Louis J. Gullo 8.1 Introduction 141 8.2 Artificial Intelligence in Maintenance 142 8.3 Model-based Reasoning 144 8.3.1 Diagnosis 145 8.3.2 Health Monitoring 145 8.3.3 Prognostics 145 8.4 Machine Learning Process 145 8.4.1 Supervised and Unsupervised Learning 147 8.4.2 Deep Learning 148 8.4.3 Function Approximations 149 8.4.4 Pattern Determination 150 8.4.5 Machine Learning Classifiers 150 8.4.6 Feature Selection and Extraction 151 8.5 Anomaly Detection 152 8.5.1 Known and Unknown Anomalies 152 8.6 Value-added Benefits of ML 153 8.7 Digital Prescriptive Maintenance (DPM) 154 8.8 Future Opportunities 154 8.9 Summary 155 References 155 9 Condition-based Maintenance and Design for Reduced Staffing 157Louis J. Gullo and James Kovacevic 9.1 Introduction 157 9.2 What is Condition-based Maintenance? 158 9.2.1 Types of Condition-based Maintenance 158 9.3 Condition-based Maintenance vs. Time-based Maintenance 159 9.3.1 Time-based Maintenance 159 9.3.2 Types of Time-based Maintenance 159 9.3.3 Calculating Time-based Maintenance Intervals 160 9.3.4 The P-F Curve 160 9.3.5 Calculating Condition-based Maintenance Intervals 162 9.4 Reduced Staffing Through CBM and Efficient TBM 163 9.5 Integrated System Health Management 164 9.6 Prognostics and CBM+ 165 9.6.1 Essential Elements of CBM+ 170 9.7 Digital Prescriptive Maintenance 170 9.8 Reliability-centered Maintenance 172 9.8.1 History of RCM 172 9.8.2 What is RCM? 173 9.8.3 Why RCM? 174 9.8.4 What we Learned from RCM 174 9.8.4.1 Failure Curves 175 9.8.5 Applying RCM in Your Organization 177 9.8.5.1 InnerWorkings of RCM 177 9.9 Conclusion 180 References 181 Suggestion for Additional Reading 181 10 Safety and Human Factors Considerations in Maintainable Design 183Jack Dixon 10.1 Introduction 183 10.2 Safety in Maintainable Design 183 10.2.1 Safety and its Relationship to Maintainability 184 10.2.2 Safety Design Criteria 184 10.2.3 Overview of System Safety Engineering 187 10.2.4 Risk Assessment and Risk Management 187 10.2.4.1 Probability 188 10.2.4.2 Consequences 188 10.2.4.3 Risk Evaluation 189 10.2.5 System Safety Analysis 190 10.2.5.1 Operating and Support Hazard Analysis 191 10.2.5.2 Health Hazard Analysis 193 10.3 Human Factors in Maintainable Design 195 10.3.1 Human Factors Engineering and its Relationship to Maintainability 195 10.3.2 Human Systems Integration 196 10.3.3 Human Factors Design Criteria 196 10.3.4 Human Factors Engineering Analysis 198 10.3.5 Maintainability Anthropometric Analysis 199 10.4 Conclusion 205 References 206 Suggestion for Additional Reading 206 11 Design for Software Maintainability 207Louis J. Gullo 11.1 Introduction 207 11.2 What is Software Maintainability? 208 11.3 Relevant Standards 208 11.4 Impact of Maintainability on Software Design 209 11.5 How to Design Software that is Fault-tolerant and Requires Zero Maintenance 210 11.6 How to Design Software that is Self-aware of its Need for Maintenance 212 11.7 How to Develop Maintainable Software that was Not Designed for Maintainability at the Start 213 11.8 Software Field Support and Maintenance 214 11.8.1 Software Maintenance Process Implementation 214 11.8.2 Software Problem Identification and Software Modification Analysis 215 11.8.3 Software Modification Implementation 215 11.8.4 Software Maintenance Review and Acceptance 215 11.8.5 Software Migration 215 11.8.6 Software Retirement 215 11.8.7 Software Maintenance Maturity Model 216 11.9 Software Changes and Configuration Management 216 11.10 Software Testing 217 11.11 Summary 218 References 218 12 Maintainability Testing and Demonstration 221David E. Franck, CPL 12.1 Introduction 221 12.2 When to Test 222 12.3 Forms of Testing 224 12.3.1 Process Reviews 225 12.3.2 Modeling or Simulation 225 12.3.3 Analysis of the Design 227 12.3.4 In-process Testing 227 12.3.5 Formal Design Reviews 228 12.3.6 Maintainability Demonstration (M-Demo) 228 12.3.6.1 M-Demo Test Plan 229 12.3.6.2 M-Demo Maintenance Task Sample Selection 230 12.3.6.3 M-Demo Test Report 233 12.3.6.4 AN/UGC-144 M-Demo Example 234 12.3.7 Operational Maintainability Testing 236 12.4 Data Collection 236 12.5 Summary 241 References 242 Suggestions for Additional Reading 243 13 Design for Test and Testability 245Anne Meixner and Louis J. Gullo 13.1 Introduction 245 13.2 What is Testability? 245 13.3 DfT Considerations for Electronic Test at All Levels 247 13.3.1 What is Electronic Test? 247 13.3.2 Test Coverage and Effectiveness 248 13.3.3 Accessibility Design Criteria Related to Testability 249 13.4 DfT at System or Product Level 250 13.4.1 Power-On Self-Test and On-Line Testing 251 13.5 DfT at Electronic Circuit Board Level 251 13.6 DfT at Electronic Component Level 253 13.6.1 System in Package/Multi-chip Package Test and DfT Techniques 253 13.6.2 VLSI and DfT Techniques 255 13.6.3 Logic Test and Design For Test 255 13.6.4 Memory Test and Design for Test 256 13.6.5 Analog and Mixed-Signal Test and DfT 259 13.6.6 Design and Test Tradeoffs 260 13.7 Leveraging DfT for Maintainability and Sustainment 261 13.7.1 Built-In-Test/Built-In Self-Test 261 13.8 BITE and External Support Equipment 262 13.9 Summary 262 References 262 Suggestions for Additional Reading 263 14 Reliability Analyses 265Jack Dixon 14.1 Introduction 265 14.2 Reliability Analysis and Modeling 266 14.3 Reliability Block Diagrams 266 14.4 Reliability Allocation 268 14.5 Reliability Mathematical Model 269 14.6 Reliability Prediction 269 14.7 Fault Tree Analysis 270 14.7.1 What is a Fault Tree? 270 14.7.2 Gates and Events 271 14.7.3 Definitions 271 14.7.4 Methodology 271 14.7.5 Cut Sets 273 14.7.6 Quantitative Analysis of Fault Trees 276 14.7.7 Advantages and Disadvantages 276 14.8 Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis 276 14.9 Complementary Reliability Analyses and Models 279 14.10 Conclusions 279 References 280 Suggestions for Additional Reading 280 15 Design for Availability 281James Kovacevic 15.1 Introduction 281 15.2 What is Availability? 281 15.3 Concepts of Availability 283 15.3.1 Elements of Availability 285 15.3.1.1 Time-related Elements 286 15.3.1.2 Mean Metrics 287 15.4 Types of Availability 289 15.4.1 Inherent Availability 289 15.4.2 Achieved Availability 290 15.4.3 Operational Availability 291 15.4.3.1 Ao Method 1 291 15.4.3.2 Ao Method 2 292 15.4.3.3 Ao Method 3 292 15.4.3.4 Ao Method 4 293 15.5 Availability Prediction 294 15.5.1 Data for Availability Prediction 295 15.5.2 Calculating Availability 296 15.5.3 Steps to Availability Prediction 298 15.5.3.1 Define the Problem 299 15.5.3.2 Define the System 299 15.5.3.3 Collect the Data 299 15.5.3.4 Build the Model 299 15.5.3.5 Verify the Model 299 15.5.3.6 Design the Simulation 299 15.5.3.7 Run the Simulation 300 15.5.3.8 Document and Use the Results 300 15.6 Conclusion 300 References 301 16 Design for Supportability 303James Kovacevic 16.1 Introduction 303 16.2 Elements of Supportability 304 16.2.1 Product Support Management 305 16.2.2 Design Interface 306 16.2.3 Sustaining Engineering 307 16.2.4 Supply Support 308 16.2.5 Maintenance Planning and Management 309 16.2.6 Packaging, Handling, Storage, and Transportation (PHS&T) 311 16.2.7 Technical Data 312 16.2.8 Support Equipment 315 16.2.9 Training and Training Support 315 16.2.10 Manpower and Personnel 316 16.2.11 Facilities and Infrastructure 317 16.2.12 Computer Resources 318 16.3 Supportability Program Planning 319 16.3.1 Supportability Analysis 319 16.4 Supportability Tasks and the ILS Plan 321 16.5 Summary 322 References 322 Suggestion for Additional Reading 322 17 Special Topics 323Jack Dixon 17.1 Introduction 323 17.2 Reducing Active Maintenance Time with Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) 323 17.2.1 Incorporating Lean Methods into PM Optimization 325 17.2.1.1 UnderstandingWaste 325 17.2.1.2 Apply Lean Techniques to EliminateWaste 326 17.2.1.3 Continually Improve the PM Routine 329 17.2.2 Summary 330 17.3 How to use Big Data to Enable Predictive Maintenance 330 17.3.1 Industry Use 331 17.3.2 Predicting the Future 332 17.3.3 Summary 333 17.4 Self-correcting Circuits and Self-healing Materials for Improved Maintainability, Reliability, and Safety 334 17.4.1 Self-correcting Circuits 334 17.4.2 Self-healing Materials 335 17.4.3 Summary 336 17.5 Conclusion and Challenge 337 References 337 Suggestions for Additional Reading 338 Appendix A System Maintainability Design Verification Checklist 339 A.1 Introduction 339 A.2 Checklist Structure 339 Index 353

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Book SynopsisProvides a thorough introduction to the development, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of mobile communications systems Mobile Communications Systems Development: A Practical Introduction for System Understanding, Implementation, and Deployment is a comprehensive how to manual for mobile communications system design, deployment, and support. Providing a detailed overview of end-to-end system development, the book encompasses operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of currently available mobile communication technologies and systems. Readers are introduced to different network architectures, standardization, protocols, and functions including 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks, and the 3GPP standard. In-depth chapters cover the entire protocol stack from the Physical (PHY) to the Application layer, discuss theoretical and practical considerations, and describe software implementation based on the 3GPP standardized technical specifications. The book includes figures, tables, and sample computer code to help readers thoroughly comprehend the functions and underlying concepts of a mobile communications network. Each chapter includes an introduction to the topic and a chapter summary. A full list of references, and a set of exercises are also provided at the end of the book to test comprehension and strengthen understanding of the material. Written by a respected professional with more than 20 years' experience in the field, this highly practical guide: Provides detailed introductory information on GSM, GPRS, UMTS, and LTE mobile communications systems and networksDescribes the various aspects and areas of the LTE system air interface and its protocol layersCovers troubleshooting and resolution of mobile communications systems and networks issuesDiscusses the software and hardware platforms used for the development of mobile communications systems network elementsIncludes 5G use cases, enablers, and architectures that cover the 5G NR (New Radio) and 5G Core Network Mobile Communications Systems Development is perfect for graduate and postdoctoral students studying mobile communications and telecom design, electronic engineering undergraduate students in their final year, research and development engineers, and network operation and maintenance personnel.Trade Review"The author provides a comprehensive summary on the mobile communications systems covering 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G. The great addition to the theoretical foundations are practical elements including system operation and development aspects, with multitude practical examples and self-assessment. This handbook shall be useful for telecom practitioners including radio and core network engineers. It’s also a good source for software engineers from a different domain who would like to enter the telco domain. It shall be of interest to those, especially in present times where IT, software development and mobile communications are closer to each other than ever before."- Marcin Dryjański, Ph.D., PRINCIPAL CONSULTANT / CEOTable of ContentsAbout the Author xiv Preface xv Acknowledgments xviii List of Abbreviations xix 1 Introduction 1 Part I Network Architectures, Standardization, Protocols, and Functions 3 2 Network Architectures, Standardizations Process 5 2.1 Network Elements and Basic Networks Architectures 5 2.1.1 GSM (2G) Network Architecture 6 2.1.2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS-2.5G) Network Architecture 7 2.1.3 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (3G) Network Architecture 7 2.1.4 LTE (4G) Network Architecture 8 2.1.5 GSM, UMTS, LTE, and 5G Network Elements: A Comparison 9 2.1.6 Circuit Switched (CS) vs Packet Switched (PS) 9 2.2 Mobile Communication Network Domains 10 2.2.1 AN Domain 10 2.2.2 Core Network (CN) Domain 11 2.2.3 Network Domains and Its Elements 11 2.2.4 Example: End-to-End Mobile Network Information Flow 12 2.2.5 Example: GSM MO Call 13 2.3 Mobile Communications Systems Evolutions 14 2.3.1 Evolutions of Air Interface 14 2.3.2 Evolutions of 3GPP Networks Architectures 16 2.4 Mobile Communications Network System Engineering 19 2.4.1 Mobility Management 19 2.4.2 Air Interface Management 20 2.4.3 Subscribers and Services Management 20 2.4.4 Security Management 20 2.4.5 Network Maintenance 20 2.5 Standardizations of Mobile Communications Networks 21 2.5.1 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 21 2.5.2 3GPP Working Groups 21 2.5.3 3GPP Technical Specification and Technical Report 22 2.5.4 Stages of a 3GPP Technical Specification 22 2.5.5 Release Number of 3GPP Technical Specification 22 2.5.6 3GPP Technical Specification Numbering Nomenclature 23 2.5.7 Vocabulary of 3GPP Specifications 24 2.5.8 Examples in a 3GPP Technical Specification 24 2.5.9 Standardization of Technical Specifications by 3GPP 24 2.5.10 Scope of 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 24 2.5.11 3GPP TS for General Description of a Protocol Layer 25 2.5.12 3GPP TS Drafting Rules: Deriving Requirements 25 2.5.13 Download 3GPP Technical Specifications 25 2.5.14 3GPP Change Requests 26 2.5.15 Learnings from 3GPP Meetings TDocs 26 2.6 3GPP Releases and Its Features 26 Chapter Summary 27 3 Protocols, Interfaces, and Architectures 29 3.1 Protocol Interface and Its Stack 29 3.1.1 Physical Interface 30 3.1.2 Logical Interface 30 3.1.3 Logical Interfaces’ Names and Their Protocol Stack 33 3.1.4 Examples of Logical Interface and Its Protocol Layers 35 3.2 Classifications of Protocol Layers 36 3.2.1 Control Plane or Signaling Protocols 36 3.2.2 User Plane Protocols 38 3.3 Grouping of UMTS, LTE, and 5G Air Interface Protocol Layers 39 3.3.1 Access Stratum (AS): UMTS UE – UTRAN; LTE UE – E-UTRAN;5G UE - NG-RAN 39 3.3.2 Non-Access Stratum: UMTS UE – CN, LTE UE – EPC; 5G UE-Core 41 3.4 Initialization of a Logical Interface 42 3.5 Protocol Layer Termination 43 3.6 Protocol Sublayers 43 3.7 Protocol Conversion 44 3.8 Working Model of a 3GPP Protocol Layer: Services and Functions 45 3.9 General Protocol Model Between RAN and CN (UMTS, LTE, 5G) 46 3.10 Multiple Transport Networks, Protocols, and Physical Layer Interfaces 47 3.11 How to Identify and Understand Protocol Architectures 49 3.11.1 Identifying a Logical Interface, Protocol Stack, and Its Layers 49 3.11.2 Identification of Technical Requirements Using Interface Name 51 3.12 Protocol Layer Procedures over CN Interfaces 51 3.12.1 Similar Functions and Procedures over the CN Interfaces 52 3.12.2 Specific Functions and Procedures over the CN Interfaces 53 Chapter Summary 54 4 Encoding and Decoding of Messages 55 4.1 Description and Encoding/Decoding of Air Interface Messages 55 4.1.1 Encoding/Decoding: Air Interface Layer 3 Messages 56 4.1.2 Encoding/Decoding: LTE and 5G NR Layer 2: RLC Protocol 60 4.1.3 Encoding/Decoding: LTE and 5G NR Layer 2: MAC Protocol 60 4.1.4 CSN.1 Encoding/Decoding: GPRS Layer 2 Protocol (RLC/MAC) 60 4.1.5 ASN.1 Encoding/Decoding: UMTS, LTE, and 5G NR Layer 3 Protocol 61 4.1.6 Direct/Indirect Encoding Method 62 4.1.7 Segmented Messages over the Air Interface 63 4.1.8 Piggybacking a Signaling Message 63 4.2 Encoding/Decoding of Signaling Messages: RAN and CN 64 Chapter Summary 65 5 Network Elements: Identities and Its Addressing 67 5.1 Network Elements and Their Identities 67 5.2 Permanent Identities 68 5.3 Temporary Identities Assigned by CN 69 5.3.1 GSM System Temporary Identities 69 5.3.2 GPRS System Temporary Identities 69 5.3.3 LTE/EPS System Temporary Identities 70 5.4 Temporary Identities Assigned by RAN: RNTI 72 5.5 Usages of Network Identities 73 5.6 Native and Mapped Network Identities 73 5.7 LTE UE Application Protocol Identity 75 Chapter Summary 76 6 Interworking and Interoperations of Mobile Communications Networks 77 6.1 Requirements and Types of Interworking 77 6.2 Interworking Through Enhanced Network Elements 78 6.2.1 Interworking for Voice Call Through IMS: VoLTE 79 6.2.1.1 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 80 6.2.1.2 UE Registration and Authentication 81 6.2.2 Interworking for VoLTE Call Through LTE/EPS: SRVCC 83 6.2.3 Interworking for Voice Call Through LTE/EPS: CSFB 85 6.3 Interworking Through Legacy Network Elements 88 6.4 Interworking Between LTE/EPS and 5G Systems 89 6.5 Interoperations of Networks: LTE/EPS Roaming 90 6.5.1 Roaming Through Interoperations of Enhanced Networks Elements 90 6.5.2 Roaming Through Interoperations of Legacy Networks Elements 92 6.6 UE Mode of Operation 92 6.7 Function of E-UTRAN in a VoLTE Call 95 Chapter Summary 95 7 Load Balancing and Network Sharing 97 7.1 Core Network Elements Load Balancing 97 7.1.1 Identification of NAS Node: NRI and Its Source 99 7.1.2 NAS Node Selection Function 99 7.2 Network Sharing 102 7.2.1 GSM/GPRS/LTE RAN Sharing Through MOCN Feature 103 7.2.2 5G NG‐RAN Sharing Through MOCN Feature (Release 16) 109 Chapter Summary 110 8 Packets Encapsulations and Their Routing 111 8.1 User Data Packets Encapsulations 111 8.1.1 Packets Encapsulations at the CN and RAN 112 8.1.1.1 GPRS Tunneling Protocol ( GTP) 112 8.1.1.2 GTP Functions 112 8.1.1.3 GTP User Plane PDU: G-PDU 113 8.1.1.4 GTP Control Plane PDU 114 8.1.1.5 Example: GTP and Packet Encapsulations at LTE EPC 115 8.1.2 Packet Encapsulations over Air Interface 115 8.2 IP Packet Routing in Mobile Communications Networks 116 8.3 IP Header Compression and Decompression 117 Chapter Summary 119 9 Security Features in Mobile Communications Networks 121 9.1 A Brief on the Security Architecture: Features and Mechanisms 121 9.2 Security Features and Its Mechanisms 123 9.3 GSM Security Procedures 126 9.4 UMTS, LTE, and 5G: AS and NAS Layer Security Procedures 127 9.5 Security Contexts 130 9.6 Security Interworking 130 Chapter Summary 132 Part II Operations and Maintenances 133 10 Alarms and Faults Managements 135 10.1 Network Elements Alarm and Its Classifications 135 10.2 Sources of Abnormal Events and Alarms 136 10.3 Identifying Sources of Alarms from 3GPP TSs 136 10.3.1 Abnormal Conditions 136 10.3.2 Protocol Layer Error Handling 137 10.3.3 Abnormal Conditions Due to Local Errors 138 10.4 Design and Implementation of an Alarm Management System 138 10.4.1 Design and Components of an Alarm 139 10.4.2 Alarm Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) 139 10.4.3 Alarm Database 139 10.5 Alarm Due to Protocol Error 140 10.5.1 Sample Protocol Error Alarm Description 142 10.6 Alarm Due to Abnormal Conditions 142 10.6.1 Normal Scenario 143 10.6.2 Abnormal Scenario 143 10.6.3 Sample Alarm Description 144 10.6.4 Sample Alarm Generation 145 10.6.5 Sample Protocol Error Alarm Generation 145 10.7 How to Troubleshoot Protocol Error Using the Alarm Data 146 Chapter Summary 146 11 Performance Measurements and Optimizations of Mobile Communications Networks 147 11.1 Counters for Performance Measurements and Optimizations 147 11.2 Performance and Optimizations Management System 149 11.3 Key Performance Indicator (KPI) 150 11.3.1 What Is a KPI? 150 11.3.2 KPI Domains 150 11.3.3 KPI for Signaling or Control Plane 152 11.3.4 KPI for User or Data Plane 153 11.3.5 KPI Categories 154 11.3.6 KPI Evaluation Steps 155 11.3.7 Troubleshooting and Improving KPI 156 11.3.8 Components of a KPI Definition 157 Chapter Summary 157 12 Troubleshooting of Mobile Communications Networks Issues 159 12.1 Air Interface-Related Issues 159 12.1.1 Drive Test, Data Collection, and Its Analysis 160 12.2 Debugging Issues with IP-Based Logical Interface 160 12.2.1 IP Protocol Analyzer 161 12.2.2 Network/Application Throughput Issue 161 12.2.3 Switch Port Mirroring 161 12.3 Conformance Testing Issues 162 12.3.1 Example: Mobile Device (MS)/User Equipment (UE) Conformance Test 163 12.3.2 Example: Location Area Update Request 163 12.4 Interoperability Testing (IOT) Issues 164 12.5 Interworking Issues 165 12.6 Importance of Log/Traces and Its Collections 166 12.7 Steps for Troubleshooting 167 Chapter Summary 170 Part III Mobile Communications Systems Development 171 13 Core Software Development Fundamentals 173 13.1 A Brief on Software Development Fundamentals 173 13.1.1 Requirements Phase 174 13.1.2 Design 174 13.1.3 Implementation 175 13.1.4 Integration and Testing 175 13.1.5 Operation and Maintenance 175 13.2 Hardware Platforms: Embedded System, Linux Versus PC 176 13.2.1 System Development Using Embedded System Board 176 13.2.2 System Development Using Multicore Hardware Platform 177 13.2.2.1 What Is a Core? 178 13.2.2.2 Network Element Development Using Multicore Platform 178 13.2.2.3 Runtime Choices of Multicore Processor 178 13.2.2.4 Software Programming Model for Multicore Processor 179 13.3 Selecting Software Platforms and Features 179 13.3.1 Selecting Available Data/Logical Structures 180 13.3.1.1 Advanced Data Structures 180 13.3.1.2 How Data Structure Affects the Application’s Performance 180 13.3.2 Selecting an Operating System Services/Facilities 181 13.3.2.1 Advance Features of Operating System: IPC 181 13.4 Software Simulators for a Mobile Communications Network 184 13.5 Software Root Causes and Their Debugging 185 13.5.1 Incorrect Usages of Software Library System Calls/APIs 185 13.5.2 Incorrect Usages of System Resources 185 13.5.3 Bad Software Programming Practices 185 13.6 Static Code Analysis of Software 186 13.7 Software Architecture and Software Organization 186 13.8 System and Software Requirements Analysis 188 13.9 Software Quality: Reliability, Scalability, and Availability 188 13.9.1 Reliability 188 13.9.2 Scalability 188 13.9.3 Availability 188 Chapter Summary 189 14 Protocols, Protocol Stack Developments, and Testing 191 14.1 Components of a 3GPP Protocol TS 191 14.2 3GPP Protocol Layer Structured Procedure Description 193 14.3 Protocol Layer Communications 194 14.3.1 Layer-to-Layer Communication Using Service Primitives 195 14.3.2 Layer-to-Layer Communication: SAP 196 14.3.3 Peer-to-Peer Layer Communication: PDU and Service Data Unit (SDU) 197 14.3.4 Types of PDU 198 14.3.5 Formats of PDU 198 14.4 Air Interface Message Format: Signaling Layer 3 198 14.4.1 A Brief on the Air Interface Layer 3 Protocol Stack 198 14.4.2 Classification of Layer 3 Messages 199 14.4.3 Layer 3 Protocol Header: Signaling Message Format 200 14.4.4 Layer 3 Protocol Header: Protocol Discriminator 202 14.4.5 Layer 3 Protocol Header: GSM, GPRS Skip Indicator 202 14.4.6 Layer 3 Protocol Header: GSM, GPRS Transaction Identifier 204 14.4.7 Layer 3 Protocol Header: LTE/EPS Bearer Identity 204 14.4.8 Layer 3 Protocol Header: 5GSM PDU Session Identity 204 14.4.9 Constructing a Layer 3 Message 204 14.4.10 Security Protected LTE/EPS and 5G NAS Layer MM Messages 205 14.4.11 Layer 3 Protocol Layer’s Message Dump 207 14.5 Air Interface Message Format: Layer 2 207 14.6 RAN – CN Signaling Messages 208 14.6.1 Protocol Layer Elementary Procedure 208 14.6.2 Types and Classes of EPs 210 14.6.3 EPs Code 210 14.6.4 Criticality of IE 211 14.6.5 Types of Protocol Errors and Its Handling 211 14.6.6 Choices of Triggering Message 212 14.6.7 Message Type 212 14.6.8 Message Description 212 14.6.9 Example: LTE/EPS S1 Interface: S1 Setup Procedure 213 14.7 Modes Operation of a Protocol Layer 213 14.8 Example of a Protocol Primitive and PDU Definition 215 14.9 Example of a Protocol Layer Frame Header Definition 216 14.10 Examples of System Parameters 216 14.11 Examples of Protocol Information Elements and Its Identifier 217 14.12 3GPP Release Specific Changes Implementation 218 14.13 Examples of Protocol Messages Types 219 14.14 Protocol Layer Timer Handling 219 14.15 Protocol Layer Development Using State Machine 222 14.16 Protocol Layer Development Using Message Passing 224 14.17 Protocol Layer Data and its Types 225 14.18 Protocol Layer Control and Configuration 226 14.19 Protocol Context Information 227 14.20 Protocol Layer Message Padding 228 14.21 Device Driver Development 229 14.22 Guidelines for Protocol Stack/Layer Development 230 14.23 Software Profiling, Tools and Performance Improvement 231 14.24 Protocol Stack Testing and Validation 231 Chapter Summary 233 15 Deriving Requirements Specifications from a TS 235 15.1 3GPP Protocol Layer Procedures 235 15.1.1 LTE UE Mode of Operation Requirements 236 15.1.2 LTE UE ATTACH Procedure Requirements 236 15.1.3 LTE UE DETACH Procedure Requirements 237 15.1.4 LTE UE Tracking Area Update Procedure Requirements 237 15.2 3GPP System Feature Development Requirements 238 15.2.1 Identification of System/Network Elements Interfaces Changes 238 15.2.2 Identifications of Impacts on Performance 238 15.2.3 Identifications of Impacts on Feature Management 239 15.2.4 Identification of Interworking Requirements with Existing Features 239 15.2.5 Charging and Accounting Aspects 239 15.3 Example Feature: Radio Access Network Sharing 239 15.3.1 Effects on Network Elements 239 15.3.2 Effects on Logical Interfaces 240 15.3.3 Selection of Core Network Operator: PLMN Id 241 15.4 Example: Interworking/Interoperations 242 15.4.1 Circuit-Switched Fall Back (CSFB) 242 15.4.2 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) 243 15.5 3GPP System Feature and High-Level Design 244 Chapter Summary 245 Part IV 5G System and Network 247 16 5G Network: Use Cases and Architecture 249 16.1 5G System (5GS) Use Cases 249 16.1.1 Enablers and Key Principles of 5GS Use Cases 250 16.1.2 Other Enablers in 5G System 253 16.2 Support of Legacy Services by 5G System 253 16.3 5G System Network Architecture 254 16.3.1 3GPP Access Architecture 254 16.3.2 Non-3GPP Access Architecture 256 16.4 5G System NG–RAN/gNB Logical Architecture 256 16.5 5GC System Architecture Elements 259 16.6 5G System Deployment Solutions 260 16.6.1 E–UTRA–NR Dual Connectivity (EN–DC) for NSA Deployment 261 16.7 5G System and LTE/EPS Interworking 265 16.7.1 RAN-Level Interworking 265 16.7.2 Core Network (CN) Level Interworking: N26 Interface 265 16.7.2.1 Single Registration Mode with N26 Interface 266 16.7.2.2 Dual Registration Mode: Without N26 Interface 266 16.8 5G System Native and Mapped Network Identities 268 16.8.1 Mobility Area Identifiers 268 16.8.2 UE/Subscriber Permanent Identifiers 269 16.8.3 Core Network Identifiers 269 16.8.4 RAN Identifiers 269 16.8.5 Core Network Temporary Identities 270 16.9 5G System Network Slicing 270 16.9.1 Identities for a Network Slice 271 16.9.2 Impacts of Network Slicing Feature 273 16.10 Management and Orchestration (MANO) of 5G Network 278 16.11 5G System Security 280 16.11.1 UE Authentication Frameworks and Methods 280 16.11.2 Primary Authentication and Secondary Authentication 282 16.11.3 Key Hierarchy and Authentication Vector 282 16.11.4 New Security Requirements in 5G System 283 16.11.5 Subscriber Identities/Privacy Protection 286 Chapter Summary 287 17 Introduction to GSM, UMTS, and LTE Systems Air Interface 289 17.1 Air Interfaces Protocol Architectures 289 17.2 Protocol Sublayers 290 17.3 Control Plane and User Plane Protocols 291 17.4 Protocols Domains Classifications 291 17.5 Access Stratum and Non-access Stratum 291 17.6 Message Formats 292 17.7 Security Over the Air Interface 293 17.8 Piggybacking for Reduction of Signaling Overhead 293 17.8.1 Examples Piggybacking of Signaling Messages 293 Chapter Summary 294 18 5G NR Air Interface: Control Plane Protocols 295 18.1 NR Control Plane Protocol Layers 295 18.2 Session Management (5G SM) Layer 296 18.2.1 Procedures of 5G SM Layer 297 18.2.2 PDU Session Types 298 18.2.3 PDU Session Service Continuity (SSC) 299 18.2.4 PDU Sessions for Network Slices 300 18.2.5 Session Management (SM) Layer States 301 18.3 Quality of Service (5G QoS) 301 18.3.1 LTE/EPS QoS Model: EPS Bearer 301 18.3.2 5GS QoS Model: QoS Flow 301 18.3.3 GTP-U Plane Tunnel for PDU Session 302 18.3.4 Service Data Flow and PCC Rule 302 18.3.5 Binding of Service Data Flow 303 18.3.6 QoS Profile and QFI 303 18.3.7 QoS Rule and QRI 305 18.3.8 Mapping QoS Flow to Data Radio Bearer 305 18.3.9 Downlink Data Flow Through GTP-U Plane Tunnels 307 18.4 Mobility Management (5G MM) Layer 308 18.4.1 Mobility Area Concepts and Identifiers 308 18.4.2 Requirements of Mobility Management Functions 313 18.4.3 Functions and Procedures of 5G MM Layer 314 18.4.4 Mobility Management Layer States 315 18.4.5 Connection Management (CM) and Service Request 316 18.4.6 Mobility Pattern of UE 317 18.5 RRC Layer 317 18.5.1 Functions and Procedures of RRC Layer 317 18.5.2 System Information (SI) Broadcast 318 18.5.3 RRC Layer States 319 18.5.4 RRC INACTIVE State 320 18.5.5 Mobility of UE 326 18.5.5.1 UE Mobility in RRC IDLE State 326 18.5.5.2 UE Mobility in RRC INACTIVE State 326 18.5.5.3 UE Mobility in RRC CONNECTED State 327 18.5.6 Admission Control 332 Chapter Summary 334 19 5G NR Air Interface 335 19.1 NR User Plane Protocol Layers 335 19.2 SDAP Layer 336 19.3 PDCP Layer 336 19.4 RLC Layer 340 19.5 MAC Layer 342 19.5.1 Functions and Procedures 342 19.5.2 Scheduling Procedure 344 19.5.3 Random Access Procedure 346 19.5.4 Error Correction Through HARQ Procedure 351 19.5.5 Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) Procedure 352 19.5.6 Scheduling Request (SR) Procedure 353 19.5.7 Low Latency in the NR Due to Configured Scheduling 353 19.5.8 MAC Layer PDU and Header Structures 354 19.5.9 How MAC Layer Ensures Low‐Latency Requirements 356 19.5.10 Channel Structures in NR 357 19.6 Physical Layer 359 19.6.1 Principles of Transmissions and Its Directions 360 19.6.2 Physical Layer Functions, Procedures, and Services 360 19.6.3 OFDM Symbol 363 19.6.4 NR Frame and Slot Format 364 19.6.4.1 Subcarrier Spacing (SCS)/Numerologies (μ) 364 19.6.4.2 Slots per NR Frame and Subframe 364 19.6.4.3 Slot Formats in TDD Mode 366 19.6.4.4 Dynamic TDD 367 19.6.5 Resource Grid and Resource Block 368 19.6.5.1 Control Resource Set (CORESET) 369 19.6.5.2 Common Resource Blocks (CRB) 370 19.6.5.3 Physical Resource Block (PRB) 370 19.6.5.4 Virtual Resource Block (VRB) 370 19.6.5.5 Interleaved and Non‐interleaved PRB Allocation 370 19.6.5.6 PRB Bundling and VRB to PRB Mapping 371 19.6.5.7 Reference Point “A” 371 19.6.6 Channel and Transmission Bandwidths 371 19.6.7 Bandwidth Part (BWP) 373 19.6.7.1 Types of BWP 374 19.6.7.2 BWP Configuration 375 19.6.7.3 BWP Switching and Associated Delay 376 19.6.8 NR Resource Allocations 377 19.6.8.1 Frequency Domain Resource Allocation for FDD Transmission 377 19.6.8.2 Time‐Domain Resources Allocation for FDD Transmission 380 19.6.8.3 Time‐Domain Resources Allocation for TDD 383 19.6.9 Transport Channels and Their Processing Chain 384 19.6.9.1 CRC Calculation and its Attachment to a Transport Block 385 19.6.9.2 Code Block Segmentation 385 19.6.9.3 Channel Encoding with LDPC 386 19.6.9.4 Rate Matching and Concatenation 387 19.6.9.5 Multiplexing of UL‐SCH Data and Uplink Control Information 388 19.6.9.6 LDPC Encoding Examples 388 19.6.10 Physical Channels and Their Processing Chain 390 19.6.10.1 Physical Channels 390 19.6.10.2 Channel Mappings 391 19.6.10.3 Multiple Physical Antenna Transmissions 392 19.6.10.4 Physical Channel Processing Chain 395 19.6.10.5 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) 397 19.6.10.6 Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and Information (UCI) 404 19.6.11 Code Block Group‐Based Transmission and Reception 405 19.6.12 Physical Signals 409 19.6.12.1 Reference Signals Transmitted as Part of Physical Channels 410 19.6.12.2 Sounding Reference Signals 412 19.6.13 Downlink Synchronization 414 19.6.14 Millimeter Wave Transmission, Beamforming, and Its Management 419 19.6.15 Cell‐Level Radio Link Monitoring (RLM) 424 19.6.16 RRM Measurements for UE Mobility 426 19.6.16.1 RRM Measurement Signals and Their Quantities 426 19.6.16.2 RRM Measurements Framework 427 19.6.16.3 Overall RRM Process 429 19.6.17 Channel State Information (CSI) 430 19.6.18 Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs) 433 19.6.19 Link Adaptation Procedure 434 19.6.20 Random Access (RACH) Procedure 435 19.6.21 NR Radio Resources Management (RRM) Procedure 439 19.6.22 UE Transmit Power Control 444 19.6.22.1 Types of Power Control Procedure in NR 444 19.6.22.2 UE Transmit Power Determination Procedure in NR 445 19.6.23 Effect of Physical Layer on Data Throughputs 445 Chapter Summary 446 20 5G Core Network Architecture 447 20.1 Control Plane and User Plane Separation – CUPS 447 20.1.1 Impacts of CUPS Feature 448 20.1.2 CUPS in the LTE/EPC Network 449 20.1.3 CUPS Feature in 5G Core Network 450 20.2 Service-Based Architecture (SBA) 452 20.2.1 Network Functions and Its Instances 453 20.2.2 Network Functions (NFs) and Their Services Interfaces 454 20.2.3 5G System Architecture with NF 456 20.2.4 Network Functions and Their Services and Operations 457 20.2.5 Network Functions Services Framework 458 20.2.6 Services API for Network Functions 462 20.2.7 Network Function Selection 468 20.3 Network Function Virtualization (NFV) 469 Chapter Summary 472 21 5G System: Low-level Design 473 21.1 Design of 5GC Service Interface and Its Operations 473 21.2 Design of 5GC NF Service Interface Using UML and C++ Class Diagram 474 21.3 Usages of C++ Standard Template Library (STL) 475 21.4 Software Architecture for 5G System 476 21.4.1 NG-RAN Logical Nodes Software Architecture 476 21.4.2 5GC Software Architecture 479 21.5 Data Types Used in 5GC SBI Communications 479 Chapter Summary 491 22 3GPP Release 16 and Beyond 493 22.1 5GS Enhancements as Part of Release 16 493 22.2 5GS New Features as Part of Release 16 494 22.3 3GPP Release 17 496 Chapter Summary 496 Appendix 497 References 503 Index 507

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Book SynopsisThe book is focused on theoretical and experimental investigation aimed at detecting and selecting proper information related to the fundamental aspect of combustion casing design,performance and life evaluation parameters. A rational approach has been adopted to the analysis domain underlying the complexities of the process.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Fatigue Design Philosophy of Aero Engine Combustor Casing. Development of Test Facility and Test Setup. Manufacturing of an aero engine combustor casing, its experimental evaluation of fatigue life and correlation with numerical results. Re assessment of Fatigue Life of the Modified Combustor Casing. Safety Test on Modified Combustor Casing. Effect of Fatigue on Proof Strength of an Aero Engine Combustor Casing. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisHydrostatic Testing, Corrosion, and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: A Field Manual for Control and Prevention teaches industry professionals, managers, and researchers how to combat corrosion failure associated with hydrotesting. It discusses how a test liquid must be selected, how corrosion by bacteria should be controlled, and how to eliminate the risk of leakage. Rather than teaching how hydrotests should be conducted, it helps the reader evaluate the quality of a hydrotest thatâs already been conducted in terms of oxygen scavenger use, biocide testing, inhibitor addition, and water quality and explains the tasks that top and middle management must ensure are taken with respect to corrosion assessment of hydrotesting. The manual also discusses microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) as the main corrosion mechanism related to post-hydrotesting and offers essential knowledge on combating this corrosion process. In addition to being a manual for top and middle management on how to deal with corrosion, this book also:Trade Review"This book offers the best available guidance on how to avoid microbially influenced corrosion in pipelines and similar equipment. The authors also provide very useful information on locations within complex equipment where corrosion problems are to be expected. This is very useful information for anyone planning on conducting hydrostatic testing programs or dealing with the corrosion problems associated with improper controls of these operations."—Bob Heidersbach, Dr. Rust, Inc., Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA"The book is very useful for professionals to be aware of some neglected issues and their consequences." —Abdelkader Meroufel, Saline Water Conversion Corporation, Saudi Arabia"A good introduction of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) to engineers working with hydrostatic testing. It provides a rational and systematic way to detect and deal with potential MIC."—Johannes Johansson, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, Stockholm, SwedenTable of ContentsA Review of Essentials of Corrosion Needed to Assess Hydrotesting. Microbiology of Corrosion. Assessment Procedure. Closing Remarks. Abbreviations. Annex 1: MIC Risk Factors and Their Relative Weights. Annex 2: A list of Biocides and Their Pros and Cons.

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Book SynopsisThe book Maintenance Engineering and Management deals with the management principles and practices that govern the maintenance function apart from the engineering techniques. It gives the maintenance engineer the latest developments in maintenance engineering techniques like wear debris analysis, preventive maintenance and condition monitoring as well as management concepts like reliability based maintenance, logical fault location and lean maintenance.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Principles of Maintenance Planning. Categories of Maintenance. Reliability and Machine Availability. Preventive Maintenance. Condition Monitoring. Logical Fault Location. Wear Debris Analysis. Reliability Based Maintenance. Lubrication. Cutting Fluids. Maintenance Costs. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. Lean Maintenance. Spare Part Inventory Control. Scientific Inventory Management. Total Productive Maintenance. System Approach to Management Theory. Organisation for Maintenance. Equipment Record. Work Order Systems. Computerized Maintenance Management System. Replacement of Machinery and Equipment. Environmental Issues. Industrial Safety. Job Hazard Analysis.

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Book SynopsisMaster the complexities of the world''s bestselling 2D and 3D software with Introduction to AutoCAD 2017. Ideally suited to new users of AutoCAD, this book will be a useful resource for drawing modules in both vocational and introductory undergraduate courses in engineering and construction.A comprehensive, step-by-step introduction to the latest release of AutoCAD. Covering all the basic principles and acting as an introduction to 2D drawing, it also contains extensive coverage of all 3D topics, including 3D solid modelling and rendering. Written by a member of the Autodesk Developer Network. Hundreds of colour pictures, screenshots and diagrams illustrate every stage of the design process. Worked examples and exercises provide plenty of practice material to build proficiency with the software. Further education students will find this an invaluable textbook for City & Guilds AutoCAD qualificatiTable of Contents1. Introducing AutoCAD 2017 2. Calling Tools 3. Introducing Drawing 4. Draw Tools and Object Snap 5. Zoom, Plan and Templates 6. The Modify Tools 7. Hatching 8. Orthographic and Isometric 9. Introducing 3D Modeling 10. 3D Models in Viewports 11. The Modification of 3D Models 12. Dimensions and Text 13. Blocks and Inserts 14. Other Types of File Format 15. Sheets Sets 16. Rendering 17. Building Drawing 18. Three-Dimensional Space 19. Editing 3D Solid Models 20. Internet Tools and Help 22. Design and AutoCAD 2017 Appendix A: List of Tools Appendix B: Some Set Variables Appendix C: 3D Views Appendix D: Keyboard Shortcuts

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Book Synopsis*Winner of the 2021 TAA Textbook Excellence Award*Honorable Mention of the 2021 BTES Book AwardStructures by Design: Thinking, Making, Breaking is a new type of structures textbook for architects who prefer to learn using the hands-on, creative problem-solving techniques typically found in a design studio. Instead of presenting structures as abstract concepts defined by formulas and diagrams, this book uses a project-based approach to demonstrate how a range of efficient, effective, and expressive architectural solutions can be generated, tested, and revised.Each section of the book is focused on a particular manner by which structural resistance is provided: Form (Arches and Cables), Sections (Beams, Slabs, and Columns), Vectors (Trusses and Space Frames), Surfaces (Shells and Plates), and Frames (Connections and High-Rises). The design exercises featured in each chapter use the Trade Review"Structures by Design: Thinking, Making, Breaking is a robust introduction to architectural structures that emphasizes structural design as a creative activity and the understanding of structural concepts through active modeling. Drawing from his innovative teaching in architectural design studios, Rob Whitehead guides us through hands on exercises that develop the intuitive and analytical understandings that underlie structural design thinking. The text interweaves a typology of structural systems and a survey of classic and contemporary case studies with a fusion of conceptual design tools ranging from traditional graphic, analytical and physical models to computational analysis and a profoundly simple, yet powerfully impactful experience constructing models using our own bodies. Whitehead’s approach is unique in its premise that understanding modeling theory and the assumptions and limitations inherent in modeled systems is as important as the concepts the models are designed to teach." Christine Theodoropoulos, AIA, PE, Dean, College of Environmental Design, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo"Structures by Design is an empowering text that provides straightforward techniques for structural design solutions using our own bodies as models. Engaging for both students and faculty, Rob Whitehead has written a timely contribution to the discourse of Integrated Design that surpasses abstract complexity for visualizing structures that are essential to the design process, and based in history. This is the structures text I needed when I was a student, and it’s one I’m pleased to have now.”Marlon Blackwell, FAIA, E Fay Jones Distinguished Professor, Fay Jones School of Architecture + Design, University of ArkansasTable of ContentsPreface Starting with Structures 0.0 Introduction: The Case for Making & Breaking Part 1 Learning to Think, Make, and Break1.0 Body Structures: The Feel of Things1.1 Seating Structures: Elemental Design Options1.2 Building Structures: Effective, Efficient, and ExpressivePart 2 Resistance & Form2.0 FORM: Structures of Compression and Tension2.1 Compressive Arches: Past the Breaking Point2.2 Suspended Structures: Designing for TensionPart 3 Resistance & Section3.0 SECTIONS: Beams, Slabs, and Columns3.1 Stacking and Spanning Timber: Fundamental Framing and Analysis3.2 Better Beams and Slabs: Formal Experiments in EfficiencyPart 4 Resistance & Vectors4.0 VECTORS: Trusses and Triangulated Planar Assemblies4.1 Planar and Spatial Trusses: Long Span SolutionsPart 5 Resistance & Surfaces5.0 SURFACES: Structural Art, Utility, and Assemblies of Shells5.1 Spanning Surfaces and Shapes: Vaults & PlatesPart 6 Resistance & Frames6.0 FRAMES: Strategies for Stability6.1 High-Rise Structures: Taller, Thinner, and Smarter AppendixSpanning Tables, Charts, & Additional ExamplesAdditional ReadingsGlossaryIndex

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Book SynopsisRelevant advances have been accomplished by the scientific community and engineering profession in the design, assessment, monitoring, maintenance, and management of sustainable and resilient bridge structures and infrastructures. These advances have been presented and discussed at The Sixth International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety And Management (IABMAS 2012), held in Stresa, Italy, from 8 to 11 July 2012 (http://www.iabmas2012.org). IABMAS 2012 has been organised on behalf of the International Association for Bridge Maintenance And Safety (IABMAS) under the auspices of Politecnico di Milano.This book collects the extended versions of selected papers presented at IABMAS 2012 and invited papers originally published in a Special Issue of Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. These papers provide significant contributions to the process of making more rational decisions in bridge design, assessment, monitoring and maintenance. The editors would like tTable of ContentsIntroduction - Design, assessment, monitoring and maintenance of bridges and infrastructure networks Fabio Biondini and Dan M. Frangopol 1. Reinforced concrete and masonry arch bridges in seismic areas: typical deficiencies and retrofitting strategies Claudio Modena, Giovanni Tecchio, Carlo Pellegrino, Francesca da Porto, Marco Dona`, Paolo Zampieri and Mariano A. Zanini 2. The art of arches Man-Chung Tang 3. Innovative steel bridge girders with tubular flanges Richard Sause 4. Effects of post-failure material behaviour on redundancy factor for design of structural components in nondeterministic systems Benjin Zhu and Dan M. Frangopol 5. Design and construction of two integral bridges for the runway of Milan Malpensa Airport Pier Giorgio Malerba and Giacomo Comaita 6. Pathology, appraisal, repair and management of old prestressed concrete beam and slab bridges Bruno Godart 7. Deteriorating beam finite element for nonlinear analysis of concrete structures under corrosion Fabio Biondini and Matteo Vergani 8. Wind tunnel: a fundamental tool for long-span bridge design Giorgio Diana, Daniele Rocchi and Marco Belloli 9. Operational deformations in long-span bridges James M.W. Brownjohn, Ki-Young Koo, Andrew Scullion and David List 10. Structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge with Bayesian neural networks Stefania Arangio and Franco Bontempi 11. Real-time remote monitoring: the DuraMote platform and experiments towards future, advanced, large-scale SCADA systems Masanobu Shinozuka, Konstantinos G. Papakonstantinou, Marco Torbol and Sehwan Kim

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Book SynopsisThe history of gears with asymmetric teeth is not sufficiently recorded in modern gear literature, with some gear researchers concluding that asymmetric tooth gears were discovered just several decades ago. This book sheds light upon the origins and state of asymmetric gearing, referencing technical articles from the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. As a practicing gear engineer with over 40 years' experience, author Alexander L. Kapelevich has successfully implemented asymmetric gears in a variety of custom gear transmissions. This book addresses all aspects of asymmetric gear development, including theoretical fundamentals; tooth geometry optimization; stress analysis and rating; design and production specifics; analytical and experimental comparison to the best symmetric gears; and application examples. Readers are encouraged to look beyond the status quo established by traditional gear design, and to apply principles of asymmetric gearing to actuaTrade Review"This book covers the development stages of asymmetric gear trains, progressing from theory through analysis, manufacturing, and final applications. The author shows the benefits of the asymmetric mesh and includes practical recommendations for gear fabrication. This material can be useful for new gearbox designs as well as for applications where higher gearbox torque capabilities are required within limited existing envelopes. Overall, this new work will offer helpful information for multiple generations of engineers."—Yuriy Gmirya, Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, USA"Alexander Kapelevich has written a treatise that is destined to be the classic work on asymmetric gearing. This book is comprehensive and gives engineers the tools they need to understand and design asymmetric gears, which have many advantages such as maximum power density, maximum efficiency, and minimum noise and vibration. It clearly explains the method of Direct Gear Design®, which is easy to understand for anyone familiar with involute gears. The many example gear sets and design charts give comprehensive design guidelines that show the way forward to advance state-of-the-art gear design."—Robert Errichello, GEARTECH, Montana, USA"An author of this book is well known as a researcher and implementor of asymmetric gears for over 30 years. His book Asymmetric Gearing reflects his experience in this area and covers virtually all aspects of the development of this type of gears, from a historical overview and a current state of the art to the latest applications. It also contains a comprehensive bibliography of publications on this subject. This book is written in a plain understandable style intending to be an eye-opener for gear engineers who are willing to look beyond standards and established traditional gear design practice to achieve the competitive performance of their products. In my opinion, this book will allow moving forward the field of Gearing and will be useful for industry experts, researchers, and students."—Veniamin I. Goldfarb, Institute of Mechanics, Izhevsk State Technical University, Izhevsk, Russia"People look for books on gear engineering, but there is no sufficient information about the detailed problem of gears with asymmetric tooth form. The book authored by Dr. Alex Kapelevich on the gear of asymmetric tooth form is the first comprehensive book on this matter. Dr. Kapelevich was educated in the Soviet Union, where many mathematicians who can deal with gear problems were active. He designed gears with asymmetric tooth form for aircraft gears with big success. I believe without a doubt, that he is the first man in this field of technology on gears with asymmetric tooth form. This book contains much of his experience. I recommend this book for gear engineers who are interested in gears with asymmetric tooth form."—Aizoh Kubo, Kubo's Gear Technologies, Kyoto, Japan"This is a very comprehensive book on the subject of asymmetric gearing, it touches on the history and then gets deeply technical on the design aspects with many design examples for the reader to follow along and learn. It also explains how to manufacture and measure the gears which are very important since designing them alone is only half the job. Dr. Kapelevich also covers tolerancing, efficiency, and side by side comparisons of symmetric and asymmetric gear designs. Altogether it is very complete, a definitive work by Dr. Kapelevich that is well timed since the industry is heading towards more optimized and power dense designs."— Anders Flodin, Höganäs AB, Sweden"Alexander Kapelevich's newest book deals with a topic, which seems to be underrated, today: Asymmetric Gearing. The book offers both, a comprehensive overview as well as thoroughly researched information about the latest state of technology along the complete process chain of asymmetric gears. With many useful explanations and recommendations for the practical application of asymmetrical gears - from gear geometry over limits, rating to manufacturing, tolerancing and inspections - this book offers a lot of valuable information not only about asymmetric but also general aspects of gears and is a meaningful addition to the book "Direct Gear Design" of the same author."—Karsten Stahl, Technische Universität München, Germany" Asymmetric Gears have been well known in the gear industry for many years but have not been used very often in practical gear design. Maybe the reason for that is a lack of knowledge and missing of detailed description/specification, standards, and computer programs. This book can help to understand asymmetric gearing much better and to use the advantages in special applications in which the higher loaded drive flank can be optimized ". Also, manufacturing and measurement data have to be calculated and provided to the shop. Nevertheless, some education at universities and of the staff in gear companies will also be necessary if more acceptance of asymmetric gearing should be achieved."— Franz J. Joachim, Joachim Gear Consulting (before retirement: ZF Friedrichshafen AG), Germany"A new book by Dr. Alex Kapelevich "Asymmetric Gearing" is the first book ever on the subject, and even only due to this, the book can be considered as a significant event in the gear community of the United States. Besides gears with asymmetric teeth are known for a long while, there was no a source of information for the gear engineers, in which the topic is covered. In his book, Dr. A. Kapelevich has summarized his tremendous experience and knowledge on asymmetric gear drives. No doubt the book will find its readers in a short while."— Stephen P. Radzevich, Ph.D., Dr.Sci., Professor (retired), Mechanical Engineering, USA"This book covers the development stages of asymmetric gear trains, progressing from theory through analysis, manufacturing, and final applications. The author shows the benefits of the asymmetric mesh and includes practical recommendations for gear fabrication. This material can be useful for new gearbox designs as well as for applications where higher gearbox torque capabilities are required within limited existing envelopes. Overall, this new work will offer helpful information for multiple generations of engineers."—Yuriy Gmirya, Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, USA"Alexander Kapelevich has written a treatise that is destined to be the classic work on asymmetric gearing. This book is comprehensive and gives engineers the tools they need to understand and design asymmetric gears, which have many advantages such as maximum power density, maximum efficiency, and minimum noise and vibration. It clearly explains the method of Direct Gear Design®, which is easy to understand for anyone familiar with involute gears. The many example gear sets and design charts give comprehensive design guidelines that show the way forward to advance state-of-the-art gear design."—Robert Errichello, GEARTECH, Montana, USA"An author of this book is well known as a researcher and implementor of asymmetric gears for over 30 years. His book Asymmetric Gearing reflects his experience in this area and covers virtually all aspects of the development of this type of gears, from a historical overview and a current state of the art to the latest applications. It also contains a comprehensive bibliography of publications on this subject. This book is written in a plain understandable style intending to be an eye-opener for gear engineers who are willing to look beyond standards and established traditional gear design practice to achieve the competitive performance of their products. In my opinion, this book will allow moving forward the field of Gearing and will be useful for industry experts, researchers, and students."—Veniamin I. Goldfarb, Institute of Mechanics, Izhevsk State Technical University, Izhevsk, Russia"People look for books on gear engineering, but there is no sufficient information about the detailed problem of gears with asymmetric tooth form. The book authored by Dr. Alex Kapelevich on the gear of asymmetric tooth form is the first comprehensive book on this matter. Dr. Kapelevich was educated in the Soviet Union, where many mathematicians who can deal with gear problems were active. He designed gears with asymmetric tooth form for aircraft gears with big success. I believe without a doubt, that he is the first man in this field of technology on gears with asymmetric tooth form. This book contains much of his experience. I recommend this book for gear engineers who are interested in gears with asymmetric tooth form."—Aizoh Kubo, Kubo's Gear Technologies, Kyoto, Japan"This is a very comprehensive book on the subject of asymmetric gearing, it touches on the history and then gets deeply technical on the design aspects with many design examples for the reader to follow along and learn. It also explains how to manufacture and measure the gears which are very important since designing them alone is only half the job. Dr. Kapelevich also covers tolerancing, efficiency, and side by side comparisons of symmetric and asymmetric gear designs. Altogether it is very complete, a definitive work by Dr. Kapelevich that is well timed since the industry is heading towards more optimized and power dense designs."— Anders Flodin, Höganäs AB, Sweden"Alexander Kapelevich's newest book deals with a topic, which seems to be underrated, today: Asymmetric Gearing. The book offers both, a comprehensive overview as well as thoroughly researched information about the latest state of technology along the complete process chain of asymmetric gears. With many useful explanations and recommendations for the practical application of asymmetrical gears - from gear geometry over limits, rating to manufacturing, tolerancing and inspections - this book offers a lot of valuable information not only about asymmetric but also general aspects of gears and is a meaningful addition to the book "Direct Gear Design" of the same author."—Karsten Stahl, Technische Universität München, Germany" Asymmetric Gears have been well known in the gear industry for many years but have not been used very often in practical gear design. Maybe the reason for that is a lack of knowledge and missing of detailed description/specification, standards, and computer programs. This book can help to understand asymmetric gearing much better and to use the advantages in special applications in which the higher loaded drive flank can be optimized ". Also, manufacturing and measurement data have to be calculated and provided to the shop. Nevertheless, some education at universities and of the staff in gear companies will also be necessary if more acceptance of asymmetric gearing should be achieved."— Franz J. Joachim, Joachim Gear Consulting (before retirement: ZF Friedrichshafen AG), Germany"A new book by Dr. Alex Kapelevich "Asymmetric Gearing" is the first book ever on the subject, and even only due to this, the book can be considered as a significant event in the gear community of the United States. Besides gears with asymmetric teeth are known for a long while, there was no a source of information for the gear engineers, in which the topic is covered. In his book, Dr. A. Kapelevich has summarized his tremendous experience and knowledge on asymmetric gear drives. No doubt the book will find its readers in a short while."— Stephen P. Radzevich, Ph.D., Dr.Sci., Professor (retired), Mechanical Engineering, USATable of Contents1. History of Asymmetric Gears and Modern State of Art 2. Macrogeometry of Asymmetric Tooth Gears 3. Area of Existence 4. Asymmetric Gearing Limits 5. Gear Geometry Optimization 6. Stress Analysis and Rating of Asymmetric Gears 7. Special Types of Asymmetric Gears 8. Tolerancing and Tolerance Analysis 9. Asymmetric Gear Manufacturing 10. Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Gears 11. Asymmetric Gear Applications

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Mechanism Design: with Computer Applications provides an updated approach to undergraduate Mechanism Design and Kinematics courses/modules for engineering students. The use of web-based simulations, solid modeling, and software such as MATLAB and Excel is employed to link the design process with the latest software tools for the design and analysis of mechanisms and machines. While a mechanical engineer might brainstorm with a pencil and sketch pad, the final result is developed and communicated through CAD and computational visualizations. This modern approach to mechanical design processes has not been fully integrated in most books, as it is in this new text. Table of ContentsIntroduction to Kinematics. Graphical Linkage Synthesis Using SOLIDWORKS. Introduction to MATLAB. Position Analysis of Linkages.Velocity Analysis of Linkages. Acceleration Analysis of Linkages. Force Analysis on Linkages. Gears and Gear Trains. Planetary Gear Trains. Cams and Followers. Appendix: Inertial Properties of some Common Shapes.

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Book SynopsisFor the last four decades, Tedric Harris'' Rolling Bearing Analysis has been the bible for engineers involved in rolling bearing technology. Why do so many students and practicing engineers rely on this book? The answer is simple: because of its complete coverage from low- to high-speed applications and full derivations of the underlying mathematics from a leader in the field. The fifth edition of this classic reference is divided conveniently into two volumes, each focused on a specialized area of bearing technology. This option allows you to select the coverage that is best suited to your needs.The second of two books, Advanced Concepts of Bearing Technology steps up the level to more dynamic and complex loading, more extreme operating conditions, and higher-speed applications. The authors examine several topics that are unique to the book, including mathematical relationships for internal load distribution under conditions of high speed, combined radial, axial, and moment loTrade Review". . . the perfect aid for analyzing complex performance and fatigue-life phenomena in advanced applications . . . The fifth edition is thoroughly to be recommended for its accuracy, compendiousness, (all in two sturdy, manageable volumes), authority and inspiration. All in all a fairly indispensable volume and a great achievement. There is no truly comparable work." – In Current Engineering Practice, Vol. 48Table of ContentsDistribution of Internal Loading in Statically Loaded Bearings: Combined Radial, Axial, and Moment Loadings-Flexible Support of Bearing Rings. Bearing Component Motions and Speeds. High-Speed Operation: Ball and Roller Dynamic Loads and Bearing Internal Load Distribution. Lubricant Films in Rolling Element-Raceway Contacts. Friction in Rolling Element-Raceway Contacts. Friction Effects in Rolling Bearings. Rolling Bearing Temperatures. Application Load and Life Factors. Statically Indeterminate Shaft-Bearing Systems. Failure and Damage Modes in Rolling Bearings. Bearing and Rolling Element Endurance Testing and Analysis. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisDespite their often remarkable performance, new and `disruptive' technologies often meet with resistance from the general public. Design sometimes assumed to play a purely aesthetic role is central in making revolutionary technology acceptable to society. Mastering design allows technological breakthroughs to transcend the innovation stage and to enter daily life. In this clear and accessible book, Nicolas Henchoz and Yves Mirande offer a new vision for the discipline. A wide range of practical case studies examine how the principles discussed in the book can renew the interplay between design and innovation. These include: solar cells dye-sensitized with raspberry juice; Montreux Jazz Festival archives being recognized, protected and distributed by UNESCO; creating new materials such as densified wood; developing augmented reality; and many more. The surprising results are highly relevant for our digital world and its countless challenges. Building on contributions from the sociolTable of ContentsPreface Part 1: Birth of an Adventure 1. The Context of Design in the Past and Today 2. Uniting Differences 3. Two Institutions, One Encounter 4. Creation of EPFL+ECAL Lab: A Will, A Place 5. An International Network Part 2: Visions and Propositions 6. Call for a New Digital Revolution 7. Paradox: Disruptive Yet Decidedly Normal 8. In Search of the First World 9. For a New Culture of Innovation Bibliography & Biographies

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Book SynopsisAMAZON BEST BOOKS OF 2019 PICKFORTUNE WRITERS AND EDITORS'' RECOMMENDED BOOKS OF 2019 PICKUser Friendly is a tour de force, an engrossing fusion of scholarly research, professional experience and revelations from intrepid firsthand reporting.EDWARD TENNER, The New York Times Book ReviewIn User Friendly, Cliff Kuang and Robert Fabricant reveal the untold story of a paradigm that quietly rules our modern lives: the assumption that machines should anticipate what we need. Spanning over a century of sweeping changes, from women's rights to the Great Depression to World War II to the rise of the digital era, this book unpacks the ways in which the world has beenand continues to beremade according to the principles of the once-obscure discipline of user-experience design.In this essential text, Kuang and Fabricant map the hidden rules of the designed world and shed light on how those rules have cau

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Book SynopsisFatigue of structures and materials covers a wide scope of different topics. The purpose of the present book is to explain these topics, to indicate how they can be analyzed, and how this can contribute to the designing of fatigue resistant structures and to prevent structural fatigue problems in service. Chapter 1 gives a general survey of the topic with brief comments on the signi?cance of the aspects involved. This serves as a kind of a program for the following chapters. The central issues in this book are predictions of fatigue properties and designing against fatigue. These objectives cannot be realized without a physical and mechanical understanding of all relevant conditions. In Chapter 2 the book starts with basic concepts of what happens in the material of a structure under cyclic loads. It illustrates the large number of variables which can affect fatigue properties anTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction to Fatigue of Structures and Materials; Part 1: Fatigue under Contstant-Amplitude Loading; 2. Fatigue as a phenomenon in the material; 3. Stress concentrations at notches; 4. Residual stress; 5. Stress intensity factors of cracks; 6. Fatigue properties of materials; 7. The fatigue strength of notched specimens; 8. Fatigue crack growth. Analysis and predictions; Part 2: Load spectra and fatigue under variable-amplitude loading; 9. Load spectra; 10. Fatigue under variable-amplitude loading; 11. Fatigue crack growth under variable-amplitude loading; Part 3: Fatigue tests and scatter12. Fatigue and scatter; 13. Fatigue tests; Part 4: Special fatigue conditions; 14. Surface treatments; 15. Fretting corrosion; 16. Corrosion fatigue; 17. High-temperature and low-temperature fatigue; Part 5: Fatigue of joints and structures; 18. Fatigue of joints; 19. Fatigue of welded joints; 20. Designing against fatigue of structures; Part 6: Fatigue Resistance of Fiber-Metal Laminates; 21 Fatigue resistance of the fiber-metal laminates. Suject index. Contents of CD added to the book: Introduction I Exercises and Summaries I.1 Exercises I.2 Answers I.3 Summaries of chapters I.4 Plotting paper II Case Histories II.1 Introduction II.2 Fatigue fracture of all spokes of the front wheel of a heavy motorcycle II.3 Blade spring failures II.4 Landing gear case II.5 Blade failure of a small helicopter II.6 Expansion coupling failure II.7 The lamp-post case II.8 The Comet case II.9 Lug connections III Special Topics III.1 Designing against fatigue III.1.1 Introduction III.1.2 How to obtain $K_t$-values? III.1.3 Reduction of a stress level and its effect on fatigue life III.2 Fatigue tests, why and how? III.2.1 Introduction III.2.2 Fatigue tests for which purpose? III.2.3 Fatigue tests, how to be carried out? IV Research on Fatigue Problems in the Future IV.1 Introduction IV.2 Fatigue crack growth mechanisms IV.2.1 Crack initiation fatigue life and microcrack growth IV.2.2 Macrocrack growth IV.3 The significance of fractographic studies IV.4 Prediction of fatigue crack growth under VA loading IV.5 Fracture mechanics predictions and marker loads IV.6 Load measurements in service IV.7 Research programs IV.8 Epilogue Fatigue of structures and materials in the 20th century and the state of the art Plotting paper

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Book SynopsisAxial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) brushless machines are modern electrical machines with a lot of advantages over their conventional counterparts. This timeless and revised second edition deals with the analysis, construction, design, control and applications of AFPM machines.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1.1 Scope; 1.2 Features; 1.3 Development of AFPM Machines; 1.4 Types of Axial Flwr PM Machines; 1.5 Topologies and Geometries; 1.6 Rotor Dynamics; 1.7 Axial Magnetic Field Excited by PMs; 1.8 PM Eddy-Current Brake as the Simplest AFPM Brushless Machine; 1.9 AFPM Machines versus RFPM Machines; 1.10 Power Limitation of AFPM Machines; Numerical Examples; 2 Principles of AFPM Machines; 2.1 Magnetic Circuits; 2.1.1 Single-Sided Machines; 2.1.2 Double-Sided Machines With Internal PM DiscRotor; 2.1.3 Double-Sided Machines With Internal Ring-Shaped Core Stator; 2.1.4 Double-Sided Machines With Internal Slotted Stator; 2.1.5 Double-Sided Machines With Internal Coreless Stator; 2.1.6 Multidisc Machines; 2.2 Windings; 2.2.1 Three-Phase Windings Distributed in Slots; 2.2.2 Toroidal Winding; 2.2.3 Coreless Stator Winding; 2.2.4 Non-Overlap (Salient Pole) Windings; 2.3 Torque Production; 2.4 Magnetic Flux; 2.5 Electromagnetic Torque and EMF; 2.6 Losses and Efficiency; 2.6.1 Stator Winding Losses; 2.6.2 Stator Core Losses; 2.6.3 Core Loss Finite Element Model; 2.6.4 Losses in Permanent Magnets; 2.6.5 Rotor Core Losses; 2.6.6 Eddy Current Losses in Stator Conductors; 2.6.7 Rotational Losses; 2.6.8 Losses for Nonsinusoidal Current; 2.6.9 Efficiency; 2.7 Phasor Diagrams; 2.8 Sizing Equations; 2.9 Armature Reaction; 2.10 AFPM Motor; 2.10.1 Sine-Wave Motor; 2.10.2 Square-Wave Motor; 2.11 AFPM Synchronous Generator; 2.11.1 Performance Characteristics of a Stand Alone Generator; 2.11.2 Synchronization With Utility Grid; Numerical Examples; 3 Materials and Fabrication; 3.1 Stator Cores; 3.1.1 Nonoriented Electrical Steels; 3.1.2 Amorphous Ferromagnetic Alloys; 3.1.3 Soft Magnetic Powder Composites; 3.1.4 Fabrication of Stator Cores; 3.2 Rotor Magnetic Circuits; 3.2.1 PM Materials; 3.2.2 Characteristics of PM Materials; 3.2.3 Operating Diagram; 3.2.4 Permeances for Main and Leakage Fluxes; 3.2.5 Calculation of Magnetic Circuits With PMs; 3.2.6 Fabrication of Rotor Magnetic Circuits; 3.3 Windings; 3.3.1 Conductors; 3.3.2 Fabrication of Slotted Windings; 3.3.3 Fabrication of Coreless Windings; Numerical Examples; 4 AFPM Machines With Iron Cores; 4.1 Geometries; 4.2 Commercial AFPM Machines With Stator Ferromagnetic Cores; 4.3 Some Features of Iron-Cored AFPM Machines; 4.4 Magnetic Flux Density Distribution in the Air Gap; 4.5 Calculation of Reactances; 4.5.1 Synchronous and Armature Reaction Reactances; 4.5.2 Stator Leakage Reactance; 4.6 Performance Characteristics; 4.7 Performance Calculation; 4.7.1 Sine-Wave AFPM Machine; 4.7.2 Synchronous Generator; 4.7.3 Square-Wave AFPM Machine; 4.8 Finite Element Calculations; Numerical Examples; 5 AFPM Machines Without Stator Cores; 5.1 Advantages and Disadvantages; 5.2 Commercial Coreless Stator AFPM Machines; 5.3 Coreless Stator AFPM Microgenerators; 5.4 Performance Calculation; 5.4.1 Steady-State Performance; 5.4.2 Dynamic Performance; 5.5 Calculation of Coreless Winding Inductances; 5.5.1 Classical Approach; 5.5.2 FEM Approach; 5.6 Performance Characteristics; 5.7 Performance of Coreless Non-Overlap Winding AFPM Machines; 5.8 Eddy Current Losses in the Stator Windings; 5.8.1 Eddy Current Loss Resistance; 5.8.2 Reduction of Eddy Current Losses; 5.8.3 Reduction of Circulating Current Losses; 5.8.4 Measurement of Eddy Current Losses; 5.9 Armature Reaction; 5.10 Mechanical Design Features; 5.10.1 Mechanical Strength Analysis; 5.10.2 Imbalanced Axial Force on the Stator; 5.11 Thermal Problems; Numerical Examples; 6 AFPM Machines Without Stator and Rotor Cores; 6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages; 6.2 Topology and Construction; 6.3 Air Gap Magnetic Flux Density; 6.4 Electromagnetic Torque and EMF; 6.5 Commercial Coreless AFPM Motors; 6.6 Case Study: Low-Speed AFPM Coreless Brushless Motor; 6.6.1 Performance Characteristics; 6.6.2 Cost Analysis; 6.6.3 Comparison With Cylindrical Motor With Laminated Stator and Rotor Cores; 6.7 Case Study: Low-Speed Coreless AFPM; Brushless Generator; 6.8 Characterist

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Book SynopsisWheels, Structures and Mechanisms.- Historical Evolution.- Wheels and Tires.- Suspensions.- Steering System.- Braking System.- Control Systems.- Chassis Structures.- Transmission Driveline.- Historical Evolution.- Manual Gearboxes.- Shifting Mechanisms.- Start-Up Devices.- Synchronizers.- Differentials and Final Drives.- Shafts and Joints.- Automatic Gearboxes.- Design and Testing.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "This comprehensive work on the automotive chassis covers a wide range of topics at a high level--both mathematically and in terms of the state-of-the-art in engineering. The first volume treats wheels, suspensions, steering, brakes, and transmissions. … Genta’s extensive teaching experience at the Politecnico di Torino in Italy combined with Morello’s experience as director of vehicle engineering at Fiat allow them to write authoritatively on this topic. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate through professional automotive and mechanical engineering collections." (A. M. Strauss, Choice, Vol. 46 (11), July, 2009)Table of ContentsCONTENTS, ABOUT THE AUTHORS, FOREWORD, PREFACE, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, LIST OF SYMBOLS, I WHEELS, STRUCTURES AND MECHANTSMS, INTRODUCTION TO PART I, 1 HISTORICAL EVOLUTION, 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Rigid axle mechanical linkages 1.3 The independent suspension mechanical linkages 1.4 Wheels and tires 1.5 Brakes 1.6 Chassis frame 2 WHEELS AND TIRES 2.1 Description 2.2 Tire operation 2.3 Rolling radius 2.4 Rolling resistance 2.5 Static Forces 2.6 Longitudinal Force 2.7 Cornering forces 2.8 Interaction between longitudinal 2.9 Outline on dynamic behavior 2.10 Testing 3 SUSPENSIONS 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Independent suspensions 3.3 Semi-independent suspensions 3.4 Rigid axle suspensions 3.5 Industrial vehicle suspensions 3.6 Design and testing 4 STEERING SYSTEM 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Steering mechanism 4.3 Rack and pinion steering box 4.4 Screw and sector steering box 4.5 Steering column 4.6 Power steering 4.7 Design and testing 5 BRAKING SYSTEM 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Car brakes 5.3 Industrial vehicle brakes 5.4 Design and testing 6 CONTROL SYSTEMS 6.1 Steering control 6.2 Brake control 6.3 Suspension control 7 CHASSIS STRUCTURES 7.1 Underbody 7.2 Subframe 7.3 Industrial vehicle frames 7.4 Structural tasks and side forces 7.5 Structural design 7.6 Structural testing 8 TRANSMISSION DRIVELINE, INTRODUCTION TO PART H, HISTORICAL EVOLUTION 8.1 Manual gearbox 8.2 Friction clutches 8.3 Automatic gearboxes 9 MANUAL GEARBOXES 9.1 Manual gearbox classification 9.2 Mechanical efficiency 9.3 Manual automobile gearboxes 9.4 Manual gearboxes for industrial vehicles 10 SHIFTING MECHANISMS 10.1 Internal shifting mechanisms 10.2 External shifting mechanisms 11 START-UP DEVICES 11.1 Friction clutch 11.2 Start-up devices for automatic gearboxes. 12 SYNCHRONIZERS 12.1 Description 12.2 Design criteria 13 DIFFERENTIALS AND FINAL DRIVES 13.1 Differentials and final drives 13.2 All wheel drive transfer boxes 13.3 Outline of differential theory 13.4 Types of self-locking differentials 13.5 Differential effect on vehicle dynamics 14 SHAFTS AND JOINTS 14.1 Propeller shafts 14.2 Half shafts 14.3 Universal joints 14.4 Constant speed joints 15 AUTOMATIC GEARBOXES 15.1 General issues 15.2 Car gearboxes with fixed rotation axis 15.3 Epicycloidal car gearboxes 15.4 Car CVTs 15.5 Gearboxes for industrial vehicles 15.6 Control strategies 16 DESIGN AND TESTING 16.1 Transmission mission 16.2 Gears 16.3 Shafts 16.4 Bearings 16.5 Lubricants 16.6 Housings and seals 16.7 Outline of test technologies REFERENCES OF VOLUME I INDEX

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Book SynopsisThe construction industry is not a homogeneous one; it is characterised by its fragmented, complex and temporary project arrangements. Communicating the design intent -- from initial briefing through to the actual building on site -- is vital to the success of any construction project, yet a constant challenge for all concerned.Trade Review'A well-written, logically structured and well referenced text ….[it] represents the first serious attempt to explore communication within the industry’s specific context, and I would commend it as a robust introductory text for students, academics and practitioners with an interest in communication dynamics’. Andrew RJ Dainty, CM& E Volume 22, issue 2.Table of ContentsConstruction:a social perspective; Communication in construction; Communicating abstract ideas;. Dynamics of Communication; Interpersonal communication; Group communication; Communication networks; Organisational communication;. Building an effective communication culture; Selecting appropriate communication media; Managing boundary conditions; Managing meetings; Conflict management; Practical methodologies for identifying, monitoring and improving communication in practice

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Book SynopsisThis handy book provides a single, up-to-date source of information for increasing the life of tool steels through optimized design and manufacturing. Supplying a solid understanding of the metallurgy involved, the text explains how material compositions, manufacturing processes, heat treatments, surface hardening techniques, and coatings affect tool steel properties, grades, and performance. It also explores real-life case studies and failure analyses, offering examples of die-life parameters and hints for modifying tool steels and heat treatments during cutting or forming processes. While the book offers deep coverage of properties, microstructure, and manufacturing, its focus is on describing the performance of each application of this special class of ferrous materials. Provides a single, up-to-date source of information for increasing the life of tool steels through optimized design and manufacturing. Explains how material compositions, maTrade Review"… updates and improves the literature … in a very strategic and important industrial field."—Rosso Mario, Politecnico di Torino, Italy Table of ContentsIntroduction to Tool Steels. Manufacturing of Tool Steels. Physical Metallurgy of Tool Steels. Hot Work Tool Steels. Cold Work Tool Steels. Plastic Mold Tool Steels. High Speed Steels.

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