Social research and statistics Books

Book SynopsisWorld Inequality Report 2022 is the most authoritative and comprehensive account of global trends in inequality, providing cutting-edge information about income and wealth inequality and also pioneering data about the history of inequality, gender inequality, environmental inequalities, and trends in international tax reform and redistribution.Trade ReviewThe 2022 World Inequality Report, a huge undertaking coordinated by economic and inequality experts Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman, was the product of four years of research and produced an unprecedented data set on just how wealth is distributed…The data serves as a complete rebuke of the trickle-down economic theory. * Business Insider *The World Inequality Report said that 2020 saw the steepest increase in billionaires’ wealth on record. Meanwhile, 100 million people sank into extreme poverty…To help redress the imbalance, the economists call for a ‘modest progressive wealth tax on global multi-millionaires’ in order to redistribute wealth. They also call for tougher action on tax evasion. * BBC News *[The World Inequality Report] finds that the fortunes of the super-rich have grown exponentially in recent years thanks to financial assets…In 2021, 10% of the richest people in the world held more than 52% of the world’s income while the poor held only 8.5%…The observations are clear: the biggest fortunes have been enriched since the coronavirus pandemic. * Vanity Fair, France *The study’s findings add to a debate about worsening inequality during a public health crisis that’s hurt developing economies—which are short of vaccines as well as financial resources to cushion the blow—even more than advanced ones. Within the rich world too, financial and real-estate markets have soared since the depths of the slump last year, widening domestic gaps. * Bloomberg *

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Book SynopsisJoel Perlmann traces the history of U.S. classification of immigrants, from Ellis Island to the present day, showing how slippery and contested ideas about racial, national, and ethnic difference have been. His focus ranges from the 1897 List of Races and Peoples, through changes in the civil rights era, to proposals for reform of the 2020 Census.Trade ReviewA work of exacting scholarship and exemplary good sense. Perlmann illuminates as no other scholar has the process by which Americans decided how to classify immigrants. His account offers a much richer and more complex picture of the story than is found in any other work of historical writing. -- David A. Hollinger, author of Postethnic AmericaPerlmann transforms our understanding of the history of government efforts to racially classify immigrants to the United States. He unearths a number of fascinating discoveries about a history that many thought was already well-known. His book will be essential reading for all serious scholars of immigration. -- Mara Loveman, author of National ColorsWe cannot understand America unless we understand race and immigration. To truly comprehend how these two histories overlap and intertwine, we need look no further than the United States government’s struggle to define, categorize, and count immigrants and members of racial and ethnic groups. It is Perlmann’s brilliant achievement to take what has too often been written as separate stories and tell it as one still unfinished story. -- Kenneth Prewitt, former Director of the United States Census Bureau, 1998–2000, and author of What Is Your Race?A readable and sophisticated discussion of the context of social science thinking about race, ethnicity, and national origins for official statistics on immigrant origins…A panoramic survey. It is a deeply researched and captivating book…Provides rich insights into the ways in which immigrants have been classified in America. -- Barry Edmonston * Population and Development Review *We can learn a lot from [this] book about how conflicting agendas, behemoth ambitions, and unwarranted optimism produced classification schemes that negatively affected the lives of millions of Americans and would-be immigrants. We might do well to pair that knowledge with a stronger sense of humility than our forbearers held as we move forward in our own research. -- Jessica H. Lee * Journal of Urban History *A cogent and compelling analysis of the muddle of meanings embedded in the terms race, peoples, national origins, and mother tongue as used by scholars, politicians, and administrators in the Bureau of Immigration and the U.S. Census Bureau. -- Glenn C. Altschuler * Forward *An insightful examination of how the US adopted and revised categories of immigrants over almost 150 years…Well researched and lucidly presented. * Choice *Perlmann provides us with a brilliant historical account of how Southern and Eastern Europeans, particularly Jews, were thought about, classified, and rendered legible by the state. -- Michael Omi * American Journal of Sociology *A work of deep erudition, impressive for its temporal scope but no less because breadth does not come at the expense of a fine-grained account of governmental classificatory practices. The key episodes selected by the author allow us to probe what it means that immigration policy was propelled by official acts of discrimination…Meticulously written, clear, and provocative—a book not to be missed. -- David Cook-Martín * International Migration Review *A well-written, compelling analysis of how the U.S. statistical system grappled with the increasing heterogeneity of the origins of immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants from the turn of the 20th century to the present. It is a story that tells us as much (or more) about America—including its political decisions, the federal bureaucracy, attitudes toward race, and the social sciences over this period—as it does about the immigrants themselves. -- Barry R. Chiswick * Studies in Contemporary Jewry *

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Book SynopsisImages for Classicists shows how text and image taken together complicate and enrich our understanding of ancient culture. Working to dissolve distinctions between text- and artifact-based scholarship, it explores challenges the digital revolution poses to curators and sketches ways that image-based collections may be deployed in the future.

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Book SynopsisHow to deal with the relationship between the individual and society as it reveals itself through politics is the large theme of these erudite and stylish essays by a leading scholar whose lifelong concerns have included political behavior, decision-making by groups, and legislative deportment. Truly interdisciplinary in his approach, Heinz Eulau has drawn on all the social sciences in his thirty years of research into the political behavior of citizens in the mass and of legislative elites at the state and local levels of government. Utilizing a variety of social and political theoriestheories of reference group behavior, social role, organization, conflict, exchange functions and purposive actionhe enriches the methodology of political science while tackling substantive issues such as social class behavior in elections, public policies in American cities, the structures of city councils, and the convergence of politics and the legal system. Eulau is ranked among the few scholars who have shaped the agenda of political science, and his latest work should also prove valuable for sociologists, social psychologists, and theorists of the social sciences.

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Book SynopsisThrough voicemail, apps, websites, and Twitter, Boston’s sophisticated 311 system allows citizens to report potholes, broken streetlights, graffiti, and vandalism that affect everyone’s quality of life. Drawing on Boston’s rich data, Daniel T. O’Brien offers a model of what smart technology can do for cities seeking both growth and sustainability.Trade ReviewThis is one of the first studies of changing urban structure through the lens of new media and a major contribution to our understanding of the contemporary city. -- Michael Batty, author of Inventing Future CitiesThe use of data and technology to address problems of cities is undergoing a revolution thanks to an unlikely convergence of academics, local governments, businesses, technologists, and civic organizations. Dan O’Brien’s book gives us a timely, balanced, and optimistic assessment of this rising field of urban informatics and smart cities. -- Luís M. A. Bettencourt, University of ChicagoDan O’Brien’s The Urban Commons provides a refreshing deep dive into the new world of urban informatics and the art of getting things done in the Information Age. It isn’t about the data, it’s about people. And it’s about how new information technologies empower all of us to understand and improve the common goods we share in the places we love. -- Martin O’Malley, former Governor of MarylandIn The Urban Commons, Daniel O’Brien shows how the torrent of contemporary data—what many call ‘big data’—has the potential to reshape our understanding of how cities work. Setting aside hype in favor of rigor, the book takes the reader on a deep exploration of Boston’s innovative efforts to give citizens a role in governance through technology, especially its 311 system for reporting everything from potholes to squalid living conditions. O’Brien’s analysis of the voluminous data produced by this technology provides new insights on how public spaces are maintained, and his case study of Boston has broad implications for civic partnerships between cities and universities to rebuild communities. The Urban Commons will be of wide interest to all those concerned with the future of cities. -- Robert J. Sampson, Harvard University, author of Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood EffectDuring the past decade, opportunities to use new data sources and technologies to understand cities have generated enthusiasm across disciplines, with policymakers, in industry, and even among city residents. Dan O’Brien represents a new generation of scientists whose native tongue is fully digital. He applies a keen eye to look beneath the surface of these data sources not simply to provide a calibrated analysis of 311 but to demonstrate an approach to understanding a broad range of urban data sources. -- Charles E. Catlett, Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago

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Book SynopsisServes as an introductory text on complexity theory and computer modeling in the social sciences and as an overview of the state of the art in the field. The articles study a set of issues, including how to cope with errors in perception or implementation, how norms emerge, and how new political actors and regions of shared culture can develop.Trade Review"Robert Axelrod's extraordinary book, The Evolution of Cooperation was globally acclaimed for the rich results of its simple model. The Complexity of Cooperation now gathers together the myriad fruits of more than a decade's work, carefully 'complexifying' his initial model. Like his ideas, his prose is clear and engaging. His delight as he unveils each surprising discovery is infectious. This book is not merely important; it's fun."—Robert D. Putnam, author of Making Democracy WorkTable of ContentsList of Tables and FiguresPrefaceIntroduction31Evolving New Strategies102Coping with Noise303Promoting Norms404Choosing Sides695Setting Standards956Building New Political Actors1217Disseminating Culture145App. AReplication of Agent-Based Models181App. BResources for Agent-Based Modeling206Index223

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Book SynopsisOffers lessons about civil society and regime change - and about the paths to democratic consolidation. This book shows that the German experience was exceptional, and that what is often labeled polarization is the result of such factors as expansion of the franchise, elite defections, and the mobilization of new voters.Trade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2005 Winner of the 2003 Best Book On Democratization "[An] outstanding contribution to theory and policy... Highly readable, informative, and intelligible."--Choice "This impressive and engaging book ... is an exemplary work of comparative politics. It is elegantly written, and contains innovative theoretical arguments, sound historical research, and broad compelling empirical comparisons."--Marc Morje Howard, Political Science Quarterly "Nancy Bermeo's wide-ranging and scholarly study of seventeen modern democracies which have failed tracks the behavior of ordinary democratic citizens during the critical periods and makes the case that most of them remained loyal to the democratic process, even at the worst of times."--Ian Johnston, Humanist PerspectivesTable of ContentsLIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES xi PART I: OUR LITERATURE AND INTERWAR EUROPE 1 CHAPTER 1 Heroes or Villains? Images of Citizens and Civil Society in the Literature on Democracy 7 CHAPTER 2 Ordinary People and the Breakdown of Democracy in Interwar Europe 21 PART II: SOUTH AMERICA AND OUR LITERATURE REVISED 65 CHAPTER 3 The Reluctant Coup in Brazil 69 CHAPTER 4 The Slow-Motion Coup in Uruguay 100 CHAPTER 5 The Tragedy of Democracy in Chile 138 CHAPTER 6 The Violent Death of Democracy in Argentina 177 CHAPTER 7 Polarization and the Ignorance of Elites 221 INDEX 257

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Book SynopsisSince the 1980s, there has been explosive growth in the use of experimental methods in economics, leading to exciting developments in economic theory and policy. Despite this, the status of experimental economics remains controversial. This title offers an integrated look at the nature and reliability of claims based on experimental research.Trade Review"Experimental Economics is a well intentioned book which does an admirable job in consolidating and modernising the ongoing methodological debates surrounding experimental economics... I would recommend this book to empirical social scientists, particularly the first two parts, which crystallise the major debates ongoing in the discipline."--Tom Wilkening, The Economic Record "This is an extremely rich and cultured book that makes a large number of intelligent points about experimental methods. It also raises sophisticated questions concerning what it means to test a theory and how one can test in an environment in which an error model unconstrained by theory is essential to judging empirical fit."--Andrew Caplin, Journal of Economics and PhilosophyTable of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Experiments in Economics 1 1.2 Does Economics Need Experiments? 4 1.3 The Practice of Experimental Economics 11 1.4 The Illustrations and the Structure of the Book 23 1.5 Methods, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 36 Chapter 2: Theory Testing and the Domain of Economic Theory 46 2.1 Domain Restrictions: Economic Theory and the Laboratory 46 2.2 Generality and External Validity 49 2.3 The Blame-the-Theory Argument 54 2.4 The Concept of Domain 56 2.5 The Laboratory and the Three Senses of Domain 64 2.6 Application to Experimental Tests of Choice Theory 71 2.7 Application to Experimental Tests of Equilibrium Predictions 85 2.8 Conclusions 92 Chapter 3: Experimental Testing in Practice 95 3.1 Preliminaries 95 3.2 Experimental Testing and the Duhem-Quine Thesis 95 3.3 On the Significance of the DQT for Testing 106 3.4 On Testing Game Theory 114 3.5 Hard Cores, Progress, and Experiments 128 3.6 Conclusion 138 Chapter 4: Experiments and Inductive Generalization 141 4.1 Preliminaries 141 4.2 Deduction versus Induction 142 4.3 How Inductive Investigation Works 145 4.4 Experiments as Tests 150 4.5 Exhibits 156 4.6 Why Be Interested in Exhibits? 160 4.7 Do Exhibits Need to Be Explained? 166 4.8 Multiple Causation 169 4.9 Explaining Exhibits Inductively 172 4.10 Investigating Exhibits without Trying to Explain Them 184 4.11 Experiments as Models 189 4.12 Conclusion 194 Chapter 5: External Validity 196 5.1 Introduction 196 5.2 Are Economics Experiments Models? 197 5.3 Tests of Applied Economics Theories 204 5.4 Types of Artificiality Criticism 214 5.5 Alteration Contrasted with Omission and Contamination 228 5.6 Evaluating Alteration Criticisms 233 5.7 Field Experiments 237 5.8 Conclusions 242 Chapter 6: Incentives in Experiments 244 6.1 Preliminaries 244 6.2 Incentives, Design, and Control 246 6.3 Incentives in Experimental Economics: Convention in Action 248 6.4 Three Perspectives on the Effect of Incentives on Behavior 250 6.5 Incentive Mechanisms 264 6.6 Conclusion 284 Chapter 7: Noise and Variability in Experimental Data 286 7.1 "Noise" in Economics and in Experimental Economics 286 7.2 "Noise" in Individual Decision Experiments 289 7.3 "Noise" in Experimental Games 306 7.4 Exploring Different Stochastic Specifications 322 7.5 Concluding Remarks 329 Chapter 8: Conclusion 331 8.1 How Successful Has Experimental Economics Been in Developing a Sound Methodology? 332 8.2 How Successful Has Experimental Economics Been in Increasing Understanding of Economic Behavior? 338 8.3 Has Experimental Economics Had a Positive Impact on Wider Economics? 342 References 347 Index 369

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Book SynopsisMortality forecasting is used in a wide variety of academic fields, and for policymaking in global health, social security and retirement planning, and other areas. This title provides a framework for forecasting age-sex-country-cause-specific variables that makes it possible to incorporate information than standard approaches.Trade Review"A substantial contribution in terms of ideas and methods. This book introduces a new methodology for forecasting mortality that takes into account important predictors, formalizes the use of prior knowledge such as expert opinion, and produces estimates of forecasting uncertainty, using a Bayesian statistical framework. It also provides convincing evidence that the new methods can outperform some of the best alternatives available. The techniques have wide applicability."—Germán Rodríguez, Princeton University"This book is excellent and important."—Ronald Lee, University of California, BerkeleyTable of ContentsList of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 1: Qualitative Overview 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Forecasting Mortality 3 1.2.1 The Data 3 1.2.2 The Patterns 5 1.2.3 Scientific versus Optimistic Forecasting Goals 8 1.3 Statistical Modeling 11 1.4 Implications for the Bayesian Modeling Literature 15 1.5 Incorporating Area Studies in Cross-National Comparative Research 16 1.6 Summary 18 Part I Existing Methods for Forecasting Mortality 19 Chapter 2: Methods without Covariates 21 2.1 Patterns in Mortality Age Profiles 22 2.2 A Unified Statistical Framework 24 2.3 Population Extrapolation Approaches 25 2.4 Parametric Approaches 26 2.5 A Nonparametric Approach: Principal Components 28 2.5.1 Introduction 28 2.5.2 Estimation 32 2.6 The Lee-Carter Approach 34 2.6.1 The Model 34 2.6.2 Estimation 36 2.6.3 Forecasting 36 2.6.4 Properties 38 2.7 Summary 42 Chapter 3: Methods with Covariates 43 3.1 Equation-by-Equation Maximum Likelihood 43 3.1.1 Poisson Regression 43 3.1.2 Least Squares 44 3.1.3 Computing Forecasts 46 3.1.4 Summary Evaluation 47 3.2 Time-Series, Cross-Sectional Pooling 48 3.2.1 The Model 48 3.2.2 Postestimation Intercept Correction 49 3.2.3 Summary Evaluation 49 3.3 Partially Pooling Cross Sections via Disturbance Correlations 50 3.4 Cause-Specific Methods with Microlevel Information 51 3.4.1 Direct Decomposition Methods 51 Modeling 51 3.4.2 Microsimulation Methods 52 3.4.3 Interpretation 53 3.5 Summary 53 Part II Statistical Modeling 55 Chapter 4: The Model 57 4.1 Overview 57 4.2 Priors on Coefficients 59 4.3 Problems with Priors on Coefficients 60 4.3.1 Little Direct Prior Knowledge Exists about Coefficients 61 4.3.2 Normalization Factors Cannot Be Estimated 62 4.3.3 We Know about the Dependent Variable, Not the Coefficients 64 4.3.4 Difficulties with Incomparable Covariates 65 4.4 Priors on the Expected Value of the Dependent Variable 65 4.4.1 Step 1: Specify a Prior for the Dependent Variable 66 4.4.2 Step 2: Translate to a Prior on the Coefficients 67 4.4.3 Interpretation 68 4.5 A Basic Prior for Smoothing over Age Groups 69 4.5.1 Step 1: A Prior for 69 4.5.2 Step 2: From the Prior on to the Prior on ss 71 4.5.3 Interpretation 71 4.6 Concluding Remark 73 Chapter 5: Priors over Grouped Continuous Variables 74 5.1 Definition and Analysis of Prior Indifference 74 5.1.1 A Simple Special Case 76 5.1.2 General Expressions for Prior Indifference 76 5.1.3 Interpretation 77 5.2 Step 1: A Prior for 80 5.2.1 Measuring Smoothness 81 5.2.2 Varying the Degree of Smoothness over Age Groups 83 5.2.3 Null Space and Prior Indifference 83 5.2.4 Nonzero Mean Smoothness Functional 85 5.2.5 Discretizing: From Age to Age Groups 85 5.2.6 Interpretation 86 5.3 Step 2: From the Prior on to the Prior on ss 92 5.3.1 Analysis 92 5.3.2 Interpretation 92 Chapter 6: Model Selection 94 6.1 Choosing the Smoothness Functional 94 6.2 Choosing a Prior for the Smoothing Parameter 97 6.2.1 Smoothness Parameter for a Nonparametric Prior 98 6.2.2 Smoothness Parameter for the Prior over the Coefficients 100 6.3 Choosing Where to Smooth 104 6.4 Choosing Covariates 108 6.4.1 Size of the Null Space 109 6.4.2 Content of the Null Space 110 6.5 Choosing a Likelihood and Variance Function 112 6.5.1 Deriving the Normal Specification 112 6.5.2 Accuracy of the Log-Normal Approximation to the Poisson 114 6.5.3 Variance Specification 120 Chapter 7: Adding Priors over Time and Space 124 7.1 Smoothing over Time 124 7.1.1 Prior Indifference and the Null Space 125 7.2 Smoothing over Countries 127 7.2.1 Null Space and Prior Indifference 128 7.2.2 Interpretation 130 7.3 Smoothing Simultaneously over Age, Country, and Time 131 7.4 Smoothing Time Trend Interactions 132 7.4.1 Smoothing Trends over Age Groups 133 7.4.2 Smoothing Trends over Countries 133 7.5 Smoothing with General Interactions 134 7.6 Choosing a Prior for Multiple Smoothing Parameters 136 7.6.1 Example 139 7.6.2 Estimating the Expected Value of the Summary Measures 141 7.7 Summary 144 Chapter 8: Comparisons and Extensions 145 8.1 Priors on Coefficients versus Dependent Variables 145 8.1.1 Defining Distances 145 8.1.2 Conditional Densities 147 8.1.3 Connections to "Virtual Examples" in Pattern Recognition 147 8.2 Extensions to Hierarchical Models and Empirical Bayes 148 8.2.1 The Advantages of Empirical Bayes without Empirical Bayes 149 8.2.2 Hierarchical Models as Special Cases of Spatial Models 151 8.3 Smoothing Data without Forecasting 151 8.4 Priors When the Dependent Variable Changes Meaning 153 Part III Estimation 159 Chapter 9: Markov Chain Monte Carlo Estimation 161 9.1 Complete Model Summary 161 9.1.1 Likelihood 162 9.1.2 Prior for ss 162 9.1.3 Prior for si 162 9.1.4 Prior for T 163 9.1.5 The Posterior Density 164 9.2 The Gibbs Sampling Algorithm 164 9.2.1 Sampling s 165 The Conditional Density 165 Interpretation 165 9.2.2 Sampling T 166 The Conditional Density 166 Interpretation 166 9.2.3 Sampling ss 167 The Conditional Density 167 Interpretation 168 9.2.4 Uncertainty Estimates 169 9.3 Summary 169 Chapter 10: Fast Estimation without Markov Chains 170 10.1 Maximum A Posteriori Estimator 170 10.2 Marginal Maximum A Posteriori Estimator 171 10.3 Conditional Maximum A Posteriori Estimator 172 10.4 Summary 173 Part IV Empirical Evidence 175 Chapter 11: Illustrative Analyses 177 11.1 Forecasts without Covariates: Linear Trends 178 11.1.1 Smoothing over Age Groups Only 178 11.1.2 Smoothing over Age and Time 181 11.2 Forecasts without Covariates: Nonlinear Trends 182 11.3 Forecasts with Covariates: Smoothing over Age and Time 187 11.4 Smoothing over Countries 189 Chapter 12: Comparative Analyses 196 12.1 All Causes in Males 197 12.2 Lung Disease in Males 200 12.2.1 Comparison with Least Squares 202 12.2.2 Country-by-Country Analysis 203 12.3 Breast Cancer in Females 205 12.3.1 Comparison with Least Squares 205 12.3.2 Country-by-country Analysis 205 12.4 Comparison on OECD Countries 206 12.4.1 Transportation Accidents in Males 208 12.4.2 Cardiovascular Disease in Males 210 Chapter 13: Concluding Remarks 211 Appendixes 213 A Notation 215 A.1 Principles 215 A.2 Glossary 216 B Mathematical Refresher 219 B.1 Real Analysis 219 B.1.1 Vector Space 219 B.1.2 Metric Space 220 B.1.3 Normed Space 221 B.1.4 Scalar Product Space 222 B.1.5 Functions, Mappings, and Operators 223 B.1.6 Functional 224 B.1.7 Span 224 B.1.8 Basis and Dimension 224 B.1.9 Orthonormality 225 B.1.10 Subspace 225 B.1.11 Orthogonal Complement 226 B.1.12 Direct Sum 226 B.1.13 Projection Operators 227 B.2 Linear Algebra 229 B.2.1 Range, Null Space, Rank, and Nullity 229 B.2.2 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors for Symmetric Matrices 232 B.2.3 Definiteness 234 B.2.4 Singular Values Decomposition 234 Definition 234 For Approximation 235 B.2.5 Generalized Inverse 236 B.2.6 Quadratic Form Identity 238 B.3 Probability Densities 239 B.3.1 The Normal Distribution 239 B.3.2 The Gamma Distribution 239 B.3.3 The Log-Normal Distribution 240 C Improper Normal Priors 241 C.1 Definitions 241 C.2 An Intuitive Special Case 242 C.3 The General Case 243 C.4 Drawing Random Samples 246 D Discretization of the Derivative Operator 247 E Smoothness over Graphs 249 Bibliography 251 Index 259

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Book SynopsisDrawing on the General Social Survey - a social science project that has tracked demographic and attitudinal trends in the United States since 1972, this title offers a window into diverse facets of American life, from intergroup relations to political views and orientations, social affiliations, and perceived well-being.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2015 AAPOR Book Award, American Association for Public Opinion Research "The General Social Survey (GSS), a private organization, has been posing questions since 1972, and some of its more interesting findings are in Social Trends in American Life."--Andrew Hacker, New York Review of Books "An important book that should be on every social scientist's desk."--ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments ix Contributors xiii 1 Introduction and Overview 1 Peter V. Marsden Trends in Social and Political Orientations 2 On the Seemingly Relentless Progress in Americans' Support for Free Expression, 1972-2006 19 James A. Davis 3 The Real Record on Racial Attitudes 38 Lawrence D. Bobo, Camille Z. Charles, Maria Krysan, and Alicia D. Simmons 4 Gender Role Attitudes since 1972: Are Southerners Distinctive? 84 Karen E. Campbell and Peter V. Marsden 5 Public Opinion in the "Age of Reagan": Political Trends 1972-2006 117 Jeff Manza, Jennifer A. Heerwig, and Brian J. McCabe 6 Crime, Punishment, and Social Disorder: Crime Rates and Trends in Public Opinion over More Than Three Decades 146 James D. Wright, Jana L. Jasinski, and Drew Noble Lanier Changes in Confidence and Connections 7 Trends in Confidence in Institutions, 1973-2006 177 Tom W. Smith 8 Continuity and Change in American Religion, 1972-2008 212 Mark Chaves and Shawna Anderson 9 Trends in Informal Social Participation, 1974-2008 240 Peter V. Marsden and Sameer B. Srivastava Stability and Flux in Social Indicators 10 Income, Age, and Happiness in America 267 Glenn Firebaugh and Laura Tach 11 Religion and Happiness 288 Michael Hout and Andrew Greeley 12 Labor Force Insecurity and U.S. Work Attitudes, 1970s-2006 315 Arne L. Kalleberg and Peter V. Marsden 13 Population Trends in Verbal Intelligence in the United States 338 Duane F. Alwin and Julianna Pacheco Appendix: The General Social Survey Project 369 Peter V. Marsden and Tom W. Smith Index 379

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Book SynopsisAgent-based modeling is a new technique for understanding how the dynamics of biological, social, and other complex systems arise from the characteristics and behaviors of the agents making up these systems. This book gives students and scientists the skills to design, implement, and analyze agent-based models.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"[A] major new book…all political scientists stand to learn from this balanced and nonpolemical effort to reorient quantitative analysis for historical social science."---James Mahoney, Perspectives on Politics

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Book SynopsisIn the social sciences today, students are taught theory by reading and analyzing the works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and other foundational figures of the discipline. What they rarely learn, however, is how to actually theorize. This is a practical guide to doing just that, written by a well-known sociologist.Trade Review"[C]oncise and readable... Writing in accessible language and using the canon of social theorists to illustrate points, Swedberg meets a need for practitioners and students alike."--ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction: Why Theorize and Can You Learn to Do It? 1 Part 1: How to Theorize Chapter 1. Starting Anew 13 Chapter 2. Social Observation 29 Chapter 3. Naming, Concept, and Typology 52 Chapter 4. Analogy, Metaphor, and Pattern 80 Chapter 5. Coming Up with an Explanation 98 Part 2: Preparing for Theorizing Chapter 6. Heuristics 127 Chapter 7. Practical Exercises 146 Chapter 8. The Role of Theory 169 Chapter 9. Imagination and Art 188 Chapter 10. Summary and More 210 Appendix: How to Theorize according to Charles S. Peirce 230 Acknowledgments 249 Notes 251 References 253 Index 279

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Book SynopsisIntends to provide insight into how American social attitudes and behaviors have changed since the 1970s. Drawing on the General Social Survey - a social science project that has tracked demographic and attitudinal trends in the United States since 1972 , this title offers fresh perspective on how Americans view their lives and their society.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2015 AAPOR Book Award, American Association for Public Opinion Research "The General Social Survey (GSS), a private organization, has been posing questions since 1972, and some of its more interesting findings are in Social Trends in American Life."--Andrew Hacker, New York Review of Books "An important book that should be on every social scientist's desk."--ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments ix Contributors xiii 1 Introduction and Overview 1 Peter V. Marsden Trends in Social and Political Orientations 2 On the Seemingly Relentless Progress in Americans' Support for Free Expression, 1972-2006 19 James A. Davis 3 The Real Record on Racial Attitudes 38 Lawrence D. Bobo, Camille Z. Charles, Maria Krysan, and Alicia D. Simmons 4 Gender Role Attitudes since 1972: Are Southerners Distinctive? 84 Karen E. Campbell and Peter V. Marsden 5 Public Opinion in the "Age of Reagan": Political Trends 1972-2006 117 Jeff Manza, Jennifer A. Heerwig, and Brian J. McCabe 6 Crime, Punishment, and Social Disorder: Crime Rates and Trends in Public Opinion over More Than Three Decades 146 James D. Wright, Jana L. Jasinski, and Drew Noble Lanier Changes in Confidence and Connections 7 Trends in Confidence in Institutions, 1973-2006 177 Tom W. Smith 8 Continuity and Change in American Religion, 1972-2008 212 Mark Chaves and Shawna Anderson 9 Trends in Informal Social Participation, 1974-2008 240 Peter V. Marsden and Sameer B. Srivastava Stability and Flux in Social Indicators 10 Income, Age, and Happiness in America 267 Glenn Firebaugh and Laura Tach 11 Religion and Happiness 288 Michael Hout and Andrew Greeley 12 Labor Force Insecurity and U.S. Work Attitudes, 1970s-2006 315 Arne L. Kalleberg and Peter V. Marsden 13 Population Trends in Verbal Intelligence in the United States 338 Duane F. Alwin and Julianna Pacheco Appendix: The General Social Survey Project 369 Peter V. Marsden and Tom W. Smith Index 379

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Book SynopsisSuitable for students and researchers in political science and sociology, this book begins with the fundamental building blocks of mathematics and basic algebra, then goes on to cover essential subjects such as calculus in one and more than one variable, including optimization, constrained optimization, and implicit functions.Trade Review"This book by Moore and Siegel, intended for the advanced political and social science student, appropriately avoids mathematical proofs and unnecessarily formal definitions while maintaining rigor and proper terminology... When needed, the clear illustrations accompany the material, providing strong visualization of the related concept."--Choice "Written in an intuitive and accessible way, this book can be used as a primer for math novices in the social sciences as well as a handy reference for the researchers in this area."--Nicolae Popovici, Studia MathematicaTable of ContentsList of Figures xi List of Tables xii Preface xv I Building Blocks 1 1 Preliminaries 3 1.1 Variables and Constants 3 1.2 Sets 5 1.3 Operators 9 1.4 Relations 13 1.5 Level of Measurement 14 1.6 Notation 18 1.7 Proofs, or How Do We Know This? 22 1.8 Exercises 26 2 Algebra Review 28 2.1 Basic Properties of Arithmetic 28 2.2 Algebra Review 30 2.3 Computational Aids 40 2.4 Exercises 41 3 Functions, Relations, and Utility 44 3.1 Functions 45 3.2 Examples of Functions of One Variable 53 3.3 Preference Relations and Utility Functions 74 3.4 Exercises 78 4 Limits and Continuity, Sequences and Series, and More on Sets 81 4.1 Sequences and Series 81 4.2 Limits 84 4.3 Open, Closed, Compact, and Convex Sets 92 4.4 Continuous Functions 96 4.5 Exercises 99 II Calculus in One Dimension 101 5 Introduction to Calculus and the Derivative 103 5.1 A Brief Introduction to Calculus 103 5.2 What Is the Derivative? 105 5.3 The Derivative, Formally 109 5.4 Summary 114 5.5 Exercises 115 6 The Rules of Differentiation 117 6.1 Rules for Differentiation 118 6.2 Derivatives of Functions 125 6.3 What the Rules Are, and When to Use Them 130 6.4 Exercises 131 7 The Integral 133 7.1 The Defnite Integral as a Limit of Sums 134 7.2 Indefnite Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 136 7.3 Computing Integrals 140 7.4 Rules of Integration 148 7.5 Summary 149 7.6 Exercises 150 8 Extrema in One Dimension 152 8.1 Extrema 153 8.2 Higher-Order Derivatives, Concavity, and Convexity 157 8.3 Finding Extrema 162 8.4 Two Examples 169 8.5 Exercises 170 III Probability 173 9 An Introduction to Probability 175 9.1 Basic Probability Theory 175 9.2 Computing Probabilities 182 9.3 Some Specifc Measures of Probabilities 192 9.4 Exercises 194 9.5 Appendix 197 10 An Introduction to (Discrete) Distributions 198 10.1 The Distribution of a Single Concept (Variable) 199 10.2 Sample Distributions 202 10.3 Empirical Joint and Marginal Distributions 206 10.4 The Probability Mass Function 209 10.5 The Cumulative Distribution Function 216 10.6 Probability Distributions and Statistical Modeling 218 10.7 Expectations of Random Variables 229 10.8 Summary 239 10.9 Exercises 239 10.10 Appendix 241 11 Continuous Distributions 242 11.1 Continuous Random Variables 242 11.2 Expectations of Continuous Random Variables 249 11.3 Important Continuous Distributions for Statistical Modeling 258 11.4 Exercises 271 11.5 Appendix 272 IV Linear Algebra 273 12 Fun with Vectors and Matrices 275 12.1 Scalars 276 12.2 Vectors 277 12.3 Matrices 282 12.4 Properties of Vectors and Matrices 297 12.5 Matrix Illustration of OLS Estimation 298 12.6 Exercises 300 13 Vector Spaces and Systems of Equations 304 13.1 Vector Spaces 305 13.2 Solving Systems of Equations 310 13.3 Why Should I Care? 320 13.4 Exercises 324 13.5 Appendix 326 14 Eigenvalues and Markov Chains 327 14.1 Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, and Matrix Decomposition 328 14.2 Markov Chains and Stochastic Processes 340 14.3 Exercises 351 V Multivariate Calculus and Optimization 353 15 Multivariate Calculus 355 15.1 Functions of Several Variables 356 15.2 Calculus in Several Dimensions 359 15.3 Concavity and Convexity Redux 371 15.4 Why Should I Care? 372 15.5 Exercises 374 16 Multivariate Optimization 376 16.1 Unconstrained Optimization 377 16.2 Constrained Optimization: Equality Constraints 383 16.3 Constrained Optimization: Inequality Constraints 391 16.4 Exercises 398 17 Comparative Statics and Implicit Differentiation 400 17.1 Properties of the Maximum and Minimum 401 17.2 Implicit Differentiation 405 17.3 Exercises 411 Bibliography 413 Index 423

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the Harrison White Book Award, Mathematical Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association""[Centola’s] ideas have exciting implications for social engineering, whether related to vaccination adoption in the developing world or a reduction of energy use in the West. . . . [They] present an appealing possibility to meet one of the challenges of democracy in the internet age."---Nina Jankowicz, New Scientist"Overall the book is well written and engaging, with plenty of discussion about the experiments that go into the conclusions, and on reading it, it is clear that there is a lot more to be done so that we can better implement lasting health strategies, and political engagement amongst many, many other complex behaviours."---Jonathan Shock, Mathemafrica"Overall, How Behavior Spreads is a must-read for researchers who are interested in social networks, social change, communication and technology, and computational social science. The lessons drawn from the book can also help health workers, movement activists, managers, user experiences designers to improve the success of diffusion and induce behavior change within a community."---Yu Xu, Information, Communication & Society

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of a SABR Baseball Research Award, Society for American Baseball Research""Finalist for the CASEY Award for Best Baseball Book of the Year, Spitball Magazine""The subject of Christopher Phillips’s Scouting and Scoring is baseball, but it’s worth reading for more than just the baseball. The book is an effort to help us understand one of the oldest problems in modern societies, which is how to evaluate human beings."---Louis Menand, New Yorker"Phillips’ book is an enticing read for baseball data enthusiasts and, more broadly, those interested in thinking about notions such as ‘fact’ and ‘truth,’ how one measures the seemingly immeasurable, and attempts to quantify human potential."---Russ Goodman, MAA Reviews

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisWhile the statisticians are trying to knock a few tenths off the statistical error, says Mr. Payne, errors of tens of percents occur because of bad question wording. Mr. Payne's shrewd critique of the problems of asking questions reveals much about the nature of language and words, and a good deal about the public who must answer the poller's questTable of Contents*FrontMatter, pg. i*Foreword (1980), pg. vii*Foreword, pg. ix*Preface, pg. xiii*Contents, pg. xv*1. Why concern yourself?, pg. 1*2. May we presume?, pg. 16*3. Who left it open?, pg. 32*4. Boy or girl?, pg. 55*5. Win, place, or show?, pg. 75*6. How else?, pg. 100*7. Still beat your wife?, pg. 114*8. Can you make it brief?, pg. 129*9. What's the good word?, pg. 138*10. What's wrong with "you"?, pg. 158*11. Isn't that loaded?, pg. 177*12. How does it read?, pg. 203*13. Is it possible?, pg. 214*14. How's that again?, pg. 228*References, pg. 239*General Index, pg. 243*Index of Examples, pg. 247

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Book SynopsisA compilation of systematic reviews of available scientific evidence in various research areas including: Non-randomised studies; Outcome measurement; Randomized trials; Statistical methods; and, Area level analysis. It is intended for health care researchers from those in primary care to those in specialized fields.Table of ContentsContributors. Foreword. 1.Researching health services. Part one: measurement of benefits and costs. 2.Patient-assessed outcome measures. 3.The use of health-related quality of life measures in economic evaluation. 4.Collecting resource use data in clinical studies. 5.Designing and using patient and staff questionnaires. Part two: Methods of evaluating health care. 6.Choosing between randomised and non-randomised studies. 7.Comparison of effect sizes derived from randomised and non-randomised studies. 8.Factors that limit the number, quality, and progress of randomised trials. 9.Ehics of randomised trials. 10.Implications of sociocultural contexts for ethics of randomised trials. 11.Evaluation of health care interventions at area dn organisation level. 12.Qualitative methos in health services research. Part three: Statistical methods. 13.Statistical methods: good practice and identifying opportunities for innovation. 14.An introduction to bayesian methods in health services research. 15.Quality of life aassessment and survival data. Part four: Presenting, interpreting, and synthesising evidence. 16.Systematic reviews of randomised trials. 17.Handling uncertainty in economic evaluations of health care interventions. 18.Consensus development methods for creating clinical guidelines. Part five: Future developments. 19.Horizon scanning: early identification of new health care technologies. 20.Evaluating new and fast-changing technologies. 21.Research implementation methods. Appendices. I What does "systematic" mean for reviews of methods?. Ii Different types of systematic review in health services research. Index

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Book SynopsisThis new textbook provides a concise but comprehensive guide to quantitative research methods for undergraduate and postgraduate students in all of the social sciences, as well as established researchers. Presented in an interesting and original way, it offers all you need to know about social survey methodology from planning the research and developing the hypotheses to carrying out the fieldwork and analysing the findings.Trade Review"Written well and is easy to follow." Sociological Research On-LineTable of ContentsDetalied Contents. On the Website. Acknowledgements. How to Use this Book. PART I RESEARCH DESIGN. 1 Discovering Facts, Testing Theories. 2 When is a Survey Appropriate?. . PART II DATA COLLECTION. 3 Preparing a Questionnaire. 4 Drawing a Sample. 5 Interviewing, Coding and Scaling. 6 Preparing a Data File. . PART III DATA ANALYSIS. 7 Describing and Exploring Data. 8 Analysing the Strength of Association between Variables. 9 Inferring Population Parameters from Sample Statistics. 10 Modelling Associations between Variables. Glossary of Technical Terms. The Survey Methods Workbook Website. Index

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Book SynopsisResearchers engaged in community-based participatory research share stories about their work with marginalized communities, offering insights and imparting valuable lessons that will inspire others doing research with an eye to social justice.Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction: “Research That Belongs to Us” / Shauna MacKinnonPart 1: We’re in It for the Long Haul1 It’s All about Relationships: The State of the Inner City Report Project / Shauna MacKinnon2 Community Collaborative Research Partnerships: Together We Have CLOUT / Shauna MacKinnon with Josie Hill and Diane Roussin3 Participatory Evaluation Research: The CEDA Pathways Story / Shauna MacKinnon, Darlene Klyne, and Janet Nowatzki4 Community-Based Participatory Research in a Low-Income Public-Housing Project / Jim Silver, Janice Goodman, Cheyenne Henry, and Carolyn Young5 The Right to Housing Story: Research and Advocacy to Increase Housing Options for Low-Income Manitobans / Clark Brownlee and Shauna MacKinnonPart 2: Walking Beside6 Doing Research in Hollow Water First Nation: Methodological Memories / Rosa Evelia Sanchez Garcia7 Engaging Dibaajimowinan: “Stories” in Community-Based Research at Asatiwisipe Aki, Manitoba / Agnieszka Pawlowska-Mainville8 Systemic Violence in Winnipeg’s Street Sex Trade: Methodological and Ethical Issues / Maya Seshia9 Not Alone: Research as a Relational Process / Sarah Cooper with Maureen BarchynPart 3: Detours10 Together We Have CLOUT: The Story of Making a Film Together / Carole O’Brien11 Preserving the History of Aboriginal Institutional Development in Winnipeg: Research Driven by the Community / John Loxley and Evelyn Peters12 Breaking Barriers, Building Bridges: Challenging Racial, Spatial, and Generational Divides in the City / Shauna MacKinnon, Claire Friesen, and Carole O’Brien13 Reclaiming the Talk: Popular Theatre and Historical Testimonies as First Nation Women’s Empowerment in Hollow Water, Manitoba / Doris DifarnecioConclusion: Possibility, Promise, and Policy Change / Shauna MacKinnonAppendix; Contributors; Index

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Book SynopsisChild Health Services Research offers a practical introduction to the foundations, primary methods, and applications of children''s health services research. This valuable resource describes various approaches to children''s health services research, shows how these approaches differ from methods used in relation to adult health, and demonstrates the value that can be added by outcomes research. In doing so, Child Health Services Research also examines various aspects of child health in the context of the household, hospital, health system, community, and policy arenas.Table of ContentsForeword (James Perrin). Preface (Elisa J. Sobo & Paul S. Kurtin). Note to the Reader (Blair L. Sadler). The Editors. The Contributors. Part I: Child Health Services: Setting an Accountability Agenda. 1) An Introduction to Applied Child Health Services Research: Connecting Knowledge and Action (Paul S. Kurtin). 2) Laying the Foundation: Identifying Major Issues in Applied Child Health Services Research (Pradeep Gidwani, Elisa J. Sobo, Michael Seid, and Paul S. Kurtin). Part II: Child Health in Context: Home, Neighborhood, Community, Culture. 3) Prevention and healing in the Household: The Importance of Socio-Cultural Context (Elisa J. Sobo). 4) Documenting Child Health: The Community Indicators Movement (Diana Simmes, Lillian Lim, and Kim Dennis). 5) Partnering with the Community: Implementation, Evaluation, and Impact (Kim Dennis and Diana Simmes). Part III: Child Health in Conventional Healthcare Settings: Improving Organizational Performance. 6) Health Related Quality of Life (Tara Knight, Tasha Burwinkle, and James Varni). 7) Conceptual Models of Quality of Care and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) for Vulnerable Children (Michael Seid, Elisa J. Sobo, Mirjana Zivkovic, Maryam Davodi-Far, and Melissa Nelson). 8) Standardized Approaches to Clinical Care: Pathways and Disease Management (Pat Richardson, Elisa J. Sobo, and Erin Stuckey). Part IV: Child Health Outcomes: Broadening Applied Research's Reach. 9) Translating Research into Practice: Planning Research to Inform Policy and Program Development (Kim Dennis). 10) Looking to the Future: The Need for Applied Child Health Services Research (Paul S. Kurtin and Blair L. Sadler). Glossary. Name Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisIlluminates the origins, purposes, and features of portraiture, a method of inquiry that shares some of the features of other qualitative research methods such as ethnography, case study, and narrative placing it within the larger discourse on social science inquiry and mapping it onto the broader terrain of qualitative research.Table of ContentsThe Author ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: The Frame xv Chapter One: A View of the Whole: Origins and Purposes 1 Chapter Two: Perspective Taking: Discovery and Development 19 Chapter Three: On Context 39 Illumination: Framing and Terrain 41 Implementation: Setting the Site 60 Artistic Refrain: Priming the Canvas 74 Chapter Four: On Voice 83 Illumination: Expressing a Point of View 85 Implementation: Defining the Lens 106 Artistic Refrain: Negotiating Perspective 124 Chapter Five: On Relationship 133 Illumination: Navigating Intimacy 135 Implementation: Delaring Boundaries 160 Artistic Refrain: Representing Rapport 175 Chapter Six: On Emergent Themes 183 Illumination: Searching for Patterns 185 Implementation: Naming Convergence 215 Artistic Refrain: Defining Form 232 Chapter Seven: On Aesthetic Whole 241 Illumination: Shaping the Story 243 Implementation: Composing the Narrative 261 Artistic Refrain: Achieving Balance 275 References 283 Index 289

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Book SynopsisThis timely text addresses the theory and practice of mixing inquiry methodologies in program evaluation and other forms of applied educational and social research. It covers roots of the contemporary interest in mixing methods, various conceptualizations of mixed method design and analysis and challenges of mixed method practice.Table of ContentsList of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits ix Introduction xi The Author xv Part One 1 Chapter One: Mental Models and Mixed Methods Inquiry 3 Group Discussion 5 Making Sense of These Conversations: The Concept of Mental Models 11 Mixed Methods Social Inquiry as Mixing Mental Models 13 An Invitation to Read This Book 14 Who is Invited 16 Chapter Two: Adopting a Mixed Methods Way of Thinking 17 A Mixed Methods Way of Thinking 20 Looking Ahead 30 Chapter Three: The Historical Roots of the Contemporary Mixed Methods Conversation 31 The Philosophical Seeds of Discontent 33 The Seeds of Discontent in Practice 35 The Great Qualitative-Quantitative Debate 36 Rapprochement and the Emergence of the Idea of Mixing Methods 42 But Troubled Waters Remained 48 Chapter Four: Contested Spaces: Paradigms and Practice in Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 49 On the Nature of Philosophical Paradigms for Social Inquiry, and Mental Models, Too 51 Interlude 54 On the Relationships of Mental Models (and Paradigms) to Practice 55 A Reflective Stance 59 My Mixed Methods Story 60 Chapter Five: Stances on Mixing Paradigms and Mental Models While Mixing Methods 66 Various Stances on Mixing Paradigms While Mixing Methods— An Overview 67 Reprise 86 Interlude One: An Illustration of A Mixed Methods Way of Thinking 88 Study Purpose 89 Mixed Methods Research Design 89 Mixed Methods Analysis 91 Sample Results 91 Part Two 93 Chapter Six: Mixing Methods on Purpose 95 Mixing Methods for Better Understanding 98 Purposes for Mixing Methods 98 An Illustration of Mixed Methods Purposes in Practice 104 Practical Procedures for Thinking About and Identifying Mixed Methods Purposes 107 Mixed Methods Purposes and Stances on Mixing Paradigms While Mixing Methods 109 Chapter Seven: Designing Mixed Methods Studies 112 Mixing Methods at Different Stages of Social Inquiry: Mixed Methods and Mixed Model Designs 113 Mixing Methods With in a Single Study or Across Studies in a Program of Research 117 Dimensions of Difference in Mixed Methods Design 118 Component and Integrated Mixed Methods Designs 120 Other Formulations of Mixed Methods Design 129 Illustrations of Mixed Methods Designs in Practice 132 Connecting Mixed Methods Designs to Mixed Methods Paradigm Stances and Mixed Methods Purposes 134 Interlude Two: Mixed Methods Purposes and Designs in Action 138 Overall Mixed Methods Purposes and Design 139 Mixed Methods Contributions to the MTO Study 141 Chapter Eight: Mixed Methods Data Analysis 142 Thinking About Mixed Methods Data Analysis 143 Mixed Methods Data Analysis Strategies 144 Mixed Methods Data Analysis Exemplars 155 Reprise 163 Chapter Nine: Judging the Quality of Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 164 Thinking About Inquiry Criteria in Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 165 Inference Quality in Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 167 Legitimation as Quality in Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 168 Warranting the Quality of Inferences in Mixed Methods Inquiry 169 An Illustration 174 Chapter Ten: Writing Up and Reporting Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 179 Writing Up Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 181 Representation in Social Inquiry 182 Writing up Mixed Methods Social Inquiry: Two Preliminary Principles 185 Interlude Three: More Creativity in Mixed Methods Data Analysis and Display 189 The Metaphor 189 The Example 190 An Application of the Archipelago Metaphor 191 Part Three 193 Chapter Eleven: The Potential and Promise of Mixed Methods Social Inquiry 195 References 200 Index 210

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Book SynopsisThis invaluable guide shows students and professionals how measurements and data can be used to balance quality services and financial viability and how measures can help to evaluate and improve organizational, clinical, and financial processes. The book explains the various performance measurement methods used in health care and shows their practical impact on clinical patient outcomes.Table of ContentsFigures and Tables. Preface. The Author. Introduction. 1 Overview: What Measures Measure. Measures and the Medical Staff. Measures and Patients. Measures and Health Care Leaders. Measures and Money. Measures and Evaluating Care. Summary. Things to Think About. 2 Fundamentals of Data. Quality and Finance: A Perfect Fit. Quality and Accountability. Let the Walls Come Tumbling Down. Finding Answers. Objectifying the Delivery of Care. Case Example: Cardiac Mortality. Case Example: Intensive Care Units. Defining Goals. Nothing New Under the Sun. Case Example: Falls. Communicating Information from Quality Measures. Leadership Defines the Level of Quality. Finding Questions. Summary. Things to Think About. 3 Using Data to Improve Organizational Processes. Satisfying the Demanding Consumer. Offering Value. Showing the Numbers. Measures Are Good Business. Managing with Measures. The Value of Measures. Measures and Organizational Processes. Case Example: Nutrition. Case Example: Housekeeping. Monitoring Performance. Measures Promote Knowledge. Lack of Measures Leads to Poor Resource Management. Measures and Evaluating Services. Summary. Things to Think About. 4 What to Measure—and Why. Leadership Determines What to Measure. Measures Define Quality Care. Measures Inform Financial Decisions. Measures and Purchasing Decisions. Measures and Patient Safety. Quality Methodology for Performance Improvement. Developing a Performance Improvement Plan. Case Example: Plan Do Check Act for Bariatric Surgery. Monitoring Variation from the Standard. Case Example: Moving Between Levels of Care. Understanding Patient Flow. Summary. Things to Think About. 5 Promoting Accountability Through Measurements. Measures and Organizational Goals. Justifying Expenses. Case Example: Self-Extubations. Getting the Doctors on Board. Case Example: Wrong-Site Surgery. Analyzing Errors. Changing the Culture. Asking Questions. Evaluating Information and Communicating Results. Summary. Things to Think About. 6 The Rationale for External Drivers of Quality. The Government Takes the Lead. Monitoring Quality for Changed Practices. The Media Carry the Message. Public Pressure Forces Change. Quality and Community Relations. Truth or Consequences. Quality Data Force Change. Case Example: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. Make the Regulations Work for You. Summary. Things to Think About. 7 Integrating Data for Operational Success. Different Data Tell Different Stories About Care. Working with Administrative Data. Working with Primary Data. Case Example: Stroke. Operational Decisions and Quality Data. Quality and Risk. Case Example: FMEA and Blood Transfusions. Communicating Quality Data. Case Example: Decubiti. Measures Tell the Truth. Summary. Things to Think About. 8 Internal Drivers of Quality. Using Guidelines to Drive Quality. Ensuring That the Standard of Care Is Met. CareMaps Promote Standardized Care. Variance Data Help Drive Quality. Dealing with Resistance to CareMaps. Implementing Guidelines to Drive Quality Care. Everyone Benefits from CareMaps. Documenting the Delivery of Care. Case Example: Detoxification Guidelines. Summary. Things to Think About. 9 Using Data for Performance Improvement. Aggregated Data Offer a Different Perspective. Case Example: Using Quality Methods to Ensure Consistency of Care. Case Example: Increasing Access to Care. Case Example: Improving Sterilization Across the System. Collaboration Works. Summary. Things to Think About. Conclusion. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThirteen distinguished anthropologists describe how they create and use the unique forms of writing they produce in the field. They also discuss the fieldnotes of seminal figures—Frank Cushing, Franz Boas, W. H. R. Rivers, Bronislaw Malinowski, and...

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Book SynopsisA vital resource for graduate students in political science that provides discipline-specific training in selecting interviewees, conducting interviews, and using the data thus collected.Trade ReviewApart from its value for filling a gap in the literature, this book has one additional merit: it reflects the epistemological diversity within the discipline, facilitating a dialogue between the positivist and interpretivist scholars. Overall, the book is a valuable source for understanding the key challenges behind interview-based research—such as ethics, sampling, validity, and reliability—and also contains practical advice for coping with interviews in the different stages of research. -- Israel Solorio Sandoval * Political Studies Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction. "Just Talk to People"? Interviews in Contemporary Political Science by Layna MosleyPart I. General Considerations: Research Design, Ethics, and the Role of the Researcher1. Aligning Sampling Strategies with Analytic Goals by Julia Lynch2. The Ethical Treatment of Human Subjects and the Institutional Review Board Process by Sarah M. Brooks3. The Power of the Interviewer by Lauren M. MacLean4. How to Report Interview Data by Erik Bleich and Robert PekkanenPart II. Addressing the Challenges of Interview Research5. Crafting Interviews to Capture Cause and Effect by Cathie Jo Martin6. Using Proxy Interviewing to Address Sensitive Topics by Melani Cammett7. Working with Interpreters by Lee Ann Fujii8. The Problem of Extraterritorial Legality by William RenoPart III. Putting It All Together: The Varied Uses of Interview Data9. Capturing Meaning and Confronting Measurement by Mary Gallagher10. Elite Interviewing in Washington, D.C. by Matthew N. Beckmann and Richard L. Hall11. Lessons from the "Lobbying and Policy Change" Project by Beth L. Leech, Frank R. Baumgartner, Jeffrey M. Berry, Marie Hojnacki, and David C. Kimball12. Using Interviews to Understand Racial Group Identity and Political Behavior by Reuel R. RogersAppendix: Sample Materials for Interview ResearchNotes References Index

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Book SynopsisThirteen distinguished anthropologists describe how they create and use the unique forms of writing they produce in the field. They also discuss the fieldnotes of seminal figures—Frank Cushing, Franz Boas, W. H. R. Rivers, Bronislaw Malinowski, and...

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Book SynopsisThis volume illustrates the promise of rational choice theory and demonstrates how theory can help us develop conclusions about the fundamental processes of politics. Each set of essays begins with a pedagogical overview that is accessible to those with little knowledge of rational choice theory.Trade Review"Politics from Anarchy to Democracy offers both a primer in political philosophy and an introduction to rational choice theory, one of the dominant paradigms in political science. Unique in its scope, this volume is both accessible and provocative, and I expect it will have a significant impact on both theory and practice." -Michael C. Munger,Duke University "This volume is an important addition to the rational choice library. It contains an excellent and varied set of chapters on institutional choice, explaining the conditions and development of social institutions, institutional design, and the structures of stable democracy." -Keith Dowding,London School of Economics

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Book SynopsisProminent scholars in organization studies share their experiences in overcoming research obstacles, working with collaborators, and balancing professional and personal life demands. This book, driven by the scholars' stories of triumph and frustration, will help others in similar situations find their way to successful research renewal.Trade Review"Stablein and Frost's Renewing Research Practice is one of those books that any scholar in the organizations and management field simply must read! It is a book of breathtaking honesty rather than reconstructed logic, lifting the veil on what the practice of research as intellectual craft really involves. We learn that even the very best researchers sometimes have metaphorical feet of clay and literal moments of dread when they stall or are unable to find their way-but are able to lift themselves up, dust themselves down, and start over again-an ability that makes them what they have become." -Stewart Clegg, University of Technology, Sydney, School of Management "Stablein and Frost investigate challenges that researchers confront in pursuing and sustaining their careers. Springboarding from autobiographical essays by 8 researchers, 14 others extract practical heuristics for maintaining one's enthusiasm, and the editors reflect on the social and ideological contexts that influence one's research work. The result is a rich experiential stew that can nourish working lives." -Bill Starbuck, Stern School of Business, New York University "Renewing Research Practice is a thoughtful, engaging and inspiring book that will resonate with researchers at any career stage. The researchers' stories extend the more usual research conversations to consider questions such as, How do we nourish passion for our work over time? How might we cultivate a community of researchers that values our worlds of work as well as our lives apart from work? The result is a book that vividly portrays as well as encourages diverse journeys of research renewal in scholarly communities." -Karen Golden-Biddle,University of Alberta School of Business

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Book SynopsisRanging from abstract theory to practical design solutions, this book provides the reader with the understandings needed to design and run cutting edge experiments.Trade Review“Rigorous yet lucid, practical yet profound, this first-rate scholarly contribution is an excellent introduction to the logic of experimental research in the social sciences, ideal for methodology classes at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Especially noteworthy is the way Willer and Walker anchor experimental sociology and social psychology in social science more broadly, and demonstrate that these disciplines can indeed be sciences in the same sense that physics is a science.” —William Sims Bainbridge“Readers will enjoy Willer and Walker's informative coverage of the classic sociological experiments such as Bales, Asch and Berger, including a much-needed critique of Milgram's obedience experiments. The authors provide a clear exposition of experimental methods, based on a distinction between theory-driven experiments and empirically driven experiments using the method of difference. They have written the definitive work on experiments in sociology.” —Randall Collins, University of Pennsylvania“This book is brimming with examples, classic—including Archimedes and Aristotle!—as well as contemporary, of social research making it both accessible and useful to a wide audience.” —Phyllis Moen, University of Minnesota“This book is a must: It teaches the different experimental aims and designs; it shows how to link experiments to theory and important social questions; it demonstrates that experiments in the physical sciences and sociology follow the same logic; it gives instructions how to select subjects and treat them in an ethical way; and, above all, it motivates by delivering many examples of answers to fundamental social questions already provided by experiments in the past.” —Frans N. Stokman, ICS, University of Groningen, The NetherlandsTable of ContentsContents @toc4:Preface xxx @toc2:1. What Is an Experiment? 1 2. Theory and the Scientific Method 000 3. Empirically Driven Experiments 000 4. Theory-Driven Experiments 000 5. Experiments As Social Relations 000 6. The Forms of Controlled Investigation 000 @toc4:Notes 000 References 000 Index 000

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Book SynopsisThis book charts the development of the social sciences—anthropology, human geography, and demography—in colonial and postcolonial Egypt, exploring the broader significance of knowledge production and its relationship to colonialist and nationalist ideologies.Trade Review"Omnia El Shakry's contribution is a rich and erudite one. It draws on a range of archival sources in Arabic, French, and English, offering original readings of texts and political events of Egypt in the first half of the twentieth century. Her argument is eloquent and the evidence compelling. The Great Social Laboratory is an essential addition to courses across the critical social sciences and humanities." -- Journal of Middle East Women's Studies"The Great Social Laboratory is a brilliant study of the tension between imperial projects and nationalist imaginings. Examining the ways in which colonial Egypt became a site and object of social scientific knowledge, Omnia El Shakry offers a seminal contribution to debates about the place of colonialism in the development of modern science." -- Timothy Mitchell * New York University *"This excellent and well-researched book recounts the formation and application of colonial knowledge—especially of ethnography, human geography, and demography—in the attempts to modernize and govern Egypt. It makes a significant contribution to the important debate about colonial modernity that has so far been largely confined to India." -- Talal Asad * City University of New York, author of Formations of the Secular *Table of Contents@fmct:Contents @toc4:Acknowledgments iii Note on Transliteration iii Abbreviations iii @toc2:Introduction: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Knowledge Production 1 @toc1:I The Anthropology of the Modern Egyptians: From the Fin-De-Si'cle to the Second World War @toc2:Chapter 1 The Ethnographic Moment 000 Chapter 2 Anthropology's Indigenous Interlocutors: Race and Egyptian Nationalism 000 @toc1:II From Ethnographic Realism to Social Engineering: The Problem of the Peasantry, 1925-1945 @toc2:Chapter 3 The Painting of Rural Life 000 Chapter 4 Rural Reconstruction: The "Road to a New Sanitary Life" 000 @toc1:III The Problem of Population, 19251945 @toc2:Chapter 5 Barren Land and Fecund Bodies: the Emergence of Population Discourse 000 Chapter 6 Body Politics: Gender, Reproduction and Modernity 000 @toc1:IV The Revolutionary Moment @toc2:Chapter 7 Etatism: Theorizing the Revolutionary State 000 Conclusion 000 @toc4:Notes 000 Bibliography 000 Index 000

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Book SynopsisThis classic text on qualitative research is ideal for both novice and established researchers. Eisner's seminal work on mind, education, and research explores the ways in which the methods, content, and assumptions in the arts, humanities, and social sciences can help us better understand our schools and classrooms. Includes a new foreword by Nel Noddings.

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Book SynopsisIn this intensely powerful and personal new text, Michelle Fine widens the methodological imagination for students, educators, scholars, and researchers interested in crafting research with communities. Fine shares her struggles over the course of 30 years to translate research into policy and practice that can enhance the human condition and create a more just world.

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Book SynopsisIn theory, interdisciplinary collaboration breaks down artificial divisions between different departments, allowing more innovative and sophisticated research to flourish. But does it actually work this way? Investigating Interdisciplinary Collaboration puts the common beliefs about such research to the test, using empirical data gathered by scholars from the US, Canada, and the UK.Trade Review"A most welcome contribution, filled with richly detailed case studies conducted by a stellar array of scholars. This volume scrutinizes key assumptions of the case for interdisciplinarity." -- Jerry A. Jacobs * U. Pennsylvania, author of In Defense of Disciplines *"Interdisciplinary collaboration has been established as valuable to scientific creativity and vital to bringing knowledge effectively to major public issues. But discussion of what this means and how it works are still too often vague. This book will help, because it offers thoughtful and indeed disciplined case studies of how interdisciplinary collaboration works in practice." -- Craig Calhoun * London School of Economics and Political Science *"This high quality volume makes a crucial contribution to our empirical understanding of the worlds of interdisciplinarity at a time when they are generating a great deal of interest from funding agencies, academic administrators and scholars alike. This book should be required reading for all concerned." -- Michele Lamont * Harvard University, author of How Professors Think: Inside the Curious World of Academic Judgement *Table of ContentsForewordHelga Nowotny PrefaceScott Frickel, Mathieu Albert, and Barbara Prainsack Introduction: Investigating InterdisciplinaritiesScott Frickel, Mathieu Albert, and Barbara Prainsack Part I: Interdisciplinary Cultures and Careers Chapter 1: New Directions, New Challenges: Trials and Tribulations of Interdisciplinary ResearchDave McBee and Erin Leahey Chapter 2: The Frictions of Interdisciplinarity: The Case of the Wisconsin Institutes for DiscoveryGregory J. Downey, Noah Weeth Feinstein, Daniel Lee Kleinman, Sigrid Peterson, and Chisato Fukuda Chapter 3: Epistemic Cultures of Collaboration: Coherence and Ambiguity in InterdisciplinarityLaurel Smith-Doerr, Jennifer Croissant, Itai Vardi, and Timothy Sacco Chapter 4: Interdisciplinary Fantasy: Social Scientists and Humanities Scholars Working in Faculties of MedicineMathieu Albert, Elise Paradis, and Ayelet Kuper Part II: Disciplines and Interdisciplinarity Chapter 5: Some Dark Sides of Interdisciplinarity: The Case of Behavior GeneticsAaron Panofsky Chapter 6: A Dynamic, Multidimensional Approach to Knowledge ProductionRyan Light and jimi adams Chapter 7: Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Change in Six Social Sciences: A Longitudinal ComparisonScott Frickel and Ali O. Ilhan Part III: Changing Context of Interdisciplinary Research Chapter 8: “An Electro-Historical Focus with Real Interdisciplinary Appeal”: Interdisciplinarity at Vietnam-Era StanfordCyrus C.M. Mody Chapter 9: Interdisciplinarity Reloaded? Drawing lessons from “Citizen Science”Barbara Prainsack and Hauke Riesch Chapter 10: One Medicine? Advocating (Inter)disciplinarity at the Interfaces of Animal Health, Human Health and the EnvironmentAngela Cassidy Notes on Contributors

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Book SynopsisIn theory, interdisciplinary collaboration breaks down artificial divisions between different departments, allowing more innovative and sophisticated research to flourish. But does it actually work this way? Investigating Interdisciplinary Collaboration puts the common beliefs about such research to the test, using empirical data gathered by scholars from the US, Canada, and the UK.Trade Review"A most welcome contribution, filled with richly detailed case studies conducted by a stellar array of scholars. This volume scrutinizes key assumptions of the case for interdisciplinarity." -- Jerry A. Jacobs * U. Pennsylvania, author of In Defense of Disciplines *"Interdisciplinary collaboration has been established as valuable to scientific creativity and vital to bringing knowledge effectively to major public issues. But discussion of what this means and how it works are still too often vague. This book will help, because it offers thoughtful and indeed disciplined case studies of how interdisciplinary collaboration works in practice." -- Craig Calhoun * London School of Economics and Political Science *"This high quality volume makes a crucial contribution to our empirical understanding of the worlds of interdisciplinarity at a time when they are generating a great deal of interest from funding agencies, academic administrators and scholars alike. This book should be required reading for all concerned." -- Michele Lamont * Harvard University, author of How Professors Think: Inside the Curious World of Academic Judgement *"A most welcome contribution, filled with richly detailed case studies conducted by a stellar array of scholars. This volume scrutinizes key assumptions of the case for interdisciplinarity." -- Jerry A. Jacobs * U. Pennsylvania, author of In Defense of Disciplines *"Interdisciplinary collaboration has been established as valuable to scientific creativity and vital to bringing knowledge effectively to major public issues. But discussion of what this means and how it works are still too often vague. This book will help, because it offers thoughtful and indeed disciplined case studies of how interdisciplinary collaboration works in practice." -- Craig Calhoun * London School of Economics and Political Science *"This high quality volume makes a crucial contribution to our empirical understanding of the worlds of interdisciplinarity at a time when they are generating a great deal of interest from funding agencies, academic administrators and scholars alike. This book should be required reading for all concerned." -- Michele Lamont * Harvard University, author of How Professors Think: Inside the Curious World of Academic Judgement *Table of ContentsForewordHelga Nowotny PrefaceScott Frickel, Mathieu Albert, and Barbara Prainsack Introduction: Investigating InterdisciplinaritiesScott Frickel, Mathieu Albert, and Barbara Prainsack Part I: Interdisciplinary Cultures and Careers Chapter 1: New Directions, New Challenges: Trials and Tribulations of Interdisciplinary ResearchDave McBee and Erin Leahey Chapter 2: The Frictions of Interdisciplinarity: The Case of the Wisconsin Institutes for DiscoveryGregory J. Downey, Noah Weeth Feinstein, Daniel Lee Kleinman, Sigrid Peterson, and Chisato Fukuda Chapter 3: Epistemic Cultures of Collaboration: Coherence and Ambiguity in InterdisciplinarityLaurel Smith-Doerr, Jennifer Croissant, Itai Vardi, and Timothy Sacco Chapter 4: Interdisciplinary Fantasy: Social Scientists and Humanities Scholars Working in Faculties of MedicineMathieu Albert, Elise Paradis, and Ayelet Kuper Part II: Disciplines and Interdisciplinarity Chapter 5: Some Dark Sides of Interdisciplinarity: The Case of Behavior GeneticsAaron Panofsky Chapter 6: A Dynamic, Multidimensional Approach to Knowledge ProductionRyan Light and jimi adams Chapter 7: Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Change in Six Social Sciences: A Longitudinal ComparisonScott Frickel and Ali O. Ilhan Part III: Changing Context of Interdisciplinary Research Chapter 8: “An Electro-Historical Focus with Real Interdisciplinary Appeal”: Interdisciplinarity at Vietnam-Era StanfordCyrus C.M. Mody Chapter 9: Interdisciplinarity Reloaded? Drawing lessons from “Citizen Science”Barbara Prainsack and Hauke Riesch Chapter 10: One Medicine? Advocating (Inter)disciplinarity at the Interfaces of Animal Health, Human Health and the EnvironmentAngela Cassidy Notes on Contributors

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Book SynopsisOffers a comprehensive update of this classic statistics textbook, with careful adherence to the intent, approach, and style of the original authors.Table of ContentsPreface to the Eighth Edition. Preface to the First Edition. Symbols Frequently Used. Introduction. Frequency Distributions. The Mean and Standard Deviation. The Normal Distribution. Tests of Hypotheses. The Comparison of Two Samples. The Binomial Distribution. Shortcut and Nonparametric Methods. Regression. Correlation. Analysis of Frequencies in One-way and Two-way Classifications. One-way Classifications: Analysis of Variance. Analysis of Variance: The Random Effects Model. Two-way Classifications. Failure in the Assumptions. Factorial Experiments. Multiple Linear Regression. Analysis of Covariance. Nonlinear Relations. Two-way Tables with Unequal Numbers and Proportions. Sample Surveys. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisEmphasizing research methodology as it applies to economics, this book provides an overview of the conceptual and philosophical basis of research methodology, and procedural guidelines on designing, coordinating, and conducting research projects. It also integrates philosophies, concepts, and procedures in research methodology.Table of ContentsChapters 1-4 The definitional, conceptual, and philosophical aspects of research methodology. Chapters 2 through 4 define terms and concepts, examine the research process, and consider how research and methodology are related to science, knowledge, objectivity, prediction, induction, deduction, and philosophic beliefs, helping readers understand, rationalize, and justify the process Chapters 5-9 the procedural aspects of research methodology. Devoted primarily to planning and organizing a research project, this section begins with an overview of the research project plan and proceeds to chapters organized around major elements of the research proposal. Substantive topics such as suggestions and perspectives on writing, seeking funding support for research, and data collecting are included in the chapters or as appendices Chapter 10 the reporting of the research

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Book SynopsisOffers advice and practical tips on how to build a dataset from historical sources and how to categorize it according to specific research questions. Drawing on examples from works in social, political, economic, and cultural history, the book presents a range of methods, including sampling, cross-tabulations, statistical tests, and regression.

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