Sedimentology and pedology Books

Book SynopsisLand is a finite resource and is the basis for 90 per cent of all human food, livestock feed, fibre, and fuel - and we are running out of it. Even worse, large amounts are degraded with only a third showing no signs of degradation, and a quarter being severely or very severely degraded. The economic implications of land degradation are vast and closer investigation of the costs involved in remediating degraded and contaminated industrial wasteland may reveal significantly higher costs, especially since large areas of industrial degradation have not yet been assessed. This book addresses the fundamental science and engineering of land degradation and rehabilitation from a multi-disciplinary perspective. The first part of the book discusses natural ground profiles dealing with soil science and the underlying geology, the functions of natural ground and ground engineering properties. In the second part, three basic mechanisms of ground degradation are introduced: erosion, chemical degradation and physical degradation. The third part addresses remediation, including strategies and techniques to investigate the ground and remediation measures.Finally, issues of land protection are outlined and a general strategy of sustainable land management are discussed. With a firm basis in soil science and allied subjects, this book provides an eminently readable and thoughtful introduction for anyone in the area of land remediation, whether as a professional seeking an overview or a student requiring a broad perspective.Trade Review'... a good point where to start and a sounding bell for those who are or will be in the position to act directly on the land. It bridges the gap between different subjects, different technical subjects and scientific knowledge. ... the book can be quite useful in introducing researchers and professionals, and especially students in engineering and environmental geology to the concepts of sustainability.' Science Direct'... one of the book's positive features is its 'reader-friendly' approach. It provides clear explanations of the situation; describes the problems; provides breif summaries of the fundamentals of soil mechanics and hydraulic properties; and gives some useful information on rocks. ... provides the reader with valuable background information... A wide selection of case studies ... the author has excelled in giving symptomatic examples ... The readable case histories ... make the book pleasant reading, and bring scientific and engineering knowledge close to the reader...' Land Contamination & ReclamationTable of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: Natural Ground: Profiles; Functions; Properties. Part II: Degraded Land: Erosion; Chemical degradation; Physical degradation. Part III: Remediation of Land: Investigation; Remediation; protection. References. Index

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Book SynopsisIdeas and concepts in sedimentology are changing rapidly but fundamental field work and data collection remain the basis of the science. This book is intended as a guide to the recognition and description of sedimentary rocks in the field. It aims to help the geologist know what to observe and record and how best to interpret this data. The emphasis is on illustrating the principal types of sedimentary rocks and the book contains over 400 superb colour photos and drawings. The introductory chapter defines the main types of sedimentary rock and their initial recognition, followed by a section highlighting safety in the field. The author goes on to describe the main field techniques and provides a comprehensive summary of the principal characteristics of sedimentary rocks. There is a chapter on each of the main rock types and on how to interpret facies and their features in terms of depositional environments and economic significance. This book is of value to students, amateur enthusiasts and professional geologists.Trade ReviewA much needed addition to the literature of sedimentology…the photographic images are impeccable…contains a grain size comparator chart at the front and a sediment description checklist at the back…as a tool in the field kit this book is excellent for professional geologists, teachers, students and amateur enthusiasts.—Sedimentary GeologyDeserves to be in the Christmas stocking of every earth sciences student in the land - and further afield…plaudits will undoubtedly accumulate for this book…the production values are also quite exceptional and the whole design and production team at Mansons deserve our warmest congratulations…tells students everything they need to keep in mind when they are examining and describing sedimentary rocks.—The Palaeontological Association NewsletterAn excellent and really beautiful book…More than a field guide.—Journal of Sedimentary ResearchTable of ContentsField techniques. Principal characteristics of sedimentary rocks. Conglomerates. Sandstones. Mudrocks. Carbonate rocks. Cherts and Siliceous sediments. Phosphorites. Coal. Evaporites. Ironstones. Soils, palesols and duricrusts. Volcaniclastic sediments. Interpretation: depositional environment and economic significance.

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Book SynopsisSilt Sand and Slurry is a visually rich investigation into where, why, and how sediment is central to the future of America’s coasts. Sediment is an unseen infrastructure that shapes and enables modern life. Silt is scooped from sea floors to deepen underwater highways for container ships. It is diverted from river basins to control flooding. It is collected, sorted, managed, and moved to reshape deltas, marshes, and beaches. Anthropogenic action now moves more sediment annually than ‘natural’ geologic processes — yet this global reshaping of the earth’s surface is rarely-discussed and poorly-understood. In four thematic text chapters, four geographic visual studies, and a concluding essay, this book demonstrate why sediment matters now more than ever, given our contemporary context of sea level rise, environmental change, and spatial inequality, through a documentation of the geography of dredging and sediment on the four coasts of the continental United States. The book explores the many limitations of current sediment management practices, such as short-sighted efforts to keep dynamic ecosystems from changing, failure to value sediment as a resource, and inequitable decision-making processes. In response to these conditions, the DRC delineate an approach to designing with sediment that is adaptive, healthy, and equitable.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the reader to the unique geology of Greece. This country is a natural geology laboratory that can help us understand the present-day active geodynamic processes in the Hellenic orogenic arc, including earthquakes, volcanoes, coastline changes and other processes of uplift and subsidence, as well as the intense erosion, transport and deposition of sediments. Additionally, Greece offers a remarkable geological museum, reflecting the complex history of the area over the last 300 million years. By studying the rocks of Greece, one can discover old oceanic basins, e.g. in the Northern Pindos and Othrys mountains, crystalline rocks of Palaeozoic age, old granitic and volcanic rocks, as well as other sedimentary rocks including fossils from the shallow neritic facies to pelagic and abyssal facies. The younger sediments demonstrate the continuously changing palaeogeography of Greece, with areas of lakes, high plateaus and gulfs that are transformed into new forms of islands, peninsulas or high mountains, etc. All the above subjects are included in the book, which describes the tectonic structure of the geological strata, together with the evolutionary stages of the palaeogeography and geodynamics within the broader Mediterranean context. A special characteristic of the book is the development of the orogenic model of the Hellenides with the application of the tectono-stratigraphic terrane concept in the Tethyan system.Table of ContentsGreece within the alpine orogenic system.- Organization and development of the tethyan alpine system.- The mediterranean.- Orogenic model.- Post-alpine formations in greece.- Molassic formations in the hellenides.- Alpine and pre-alpine formations of the hellenic arc.- Description of tectonic units.- Pre-orogenic development of the hellenides – Palaeogeographic reconstruction.- Orogenic development of the hellenides.- Neotectonics and recent paleogeography.- General bibliography.

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Book SynopsisThis open access atlas is an up-to-date visual resource on the features and structures observed in soil thin sections, i.e. soil micromorphology. The book addresses the growing interest in soil micromorphology in the fields of soil science, earth science, archaeology and forensic science, and serves as a reference tool for researchers and students for fast learning and intuitive feature and structure recognition. The book is divided into six parts and contains hundreds of images and photomicrographs. Part one is devoted to the way to sample properly soils, the method of preparation of thin sections, the main tool of soil micromorphology (the microscope), and the approach of soil micromorphology as a scientific method. Part two focuses on the organisation of soil fragments and presents the concept of fabric. Part three addresses the basic components, e.g. rocks, minerals, organic compounds and anthropogenic features. Part four lists all the various types of pedogenic features observed in a soil, i.e. the imprint of pedogenesis. Part five gives interpretations of features associated with the main processes at work in soils and paleosols. Part six presents a view of what the future of soil micromorphology could be. Finally, the last part consists of the index and annexes, including the list of mineral formulas. This atlas will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students, who will find it a convenient tool for the self-teaching of soil micromorphology by using comparative photographs.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The multiscalar nature of soils.- Chapter 2. History of micromorphology.- Chapter 3. Observation and sampling of soils.- Chapter 4. How to make thin sections.- Chapter 5.The polarised light microscope.- Chapter 6. Other techniques of observation.- Chapter 7. Electron and energy imaging.- Chapter 8. Colours of minerals.- Chapter 9. The micromorphological approach.- Chapter 10. Concept of fabric.- Chapter 11. Multiscalar approach to fabric.- Chapter 12. Basic distribution patterns.- Chapter 13. c/f related distributions I.- Chapter 14. c/f related distributions II.- Chapter 15. Aggregates and aggregation.- Chapter 16. Degree of separation and accommodation of aggregates.- Chapter 17. The nature of voids.- Chapter 18. Morphology of voids I.- Chapter 19. The morphology of voids II.- Chapter 20. Microstructure I.- Chapter 21. Microstructure II.- Chapter 22. Mineral and organic constituents.- Chapter 23. Particle size and sorting.- Chapter 24. Shape of grains: equidimensionality.- Chapter 25. Shape of grains: roundness and sphericity.- Chapter 26. Basalt, granite, and gabbro.- Chapter 27. Schist, gneiss, and amphibolite.- Chapter 28. Quartzite and marble.- Chapter 29. Calcium-bearing sedimentary rocks.- Chapter 30. Sand and sandstone.- Chapter 31. Mineral grains in the soil I: quartz and chalcedony.- Chapter 32. Mineral grains in the soil II: feldspar and mica.- Chapter 33. Mineral grains in the soil III: inosilicates and nesosilicates.- Chapter 34. Mineral grains in the soil IV: carbonates.- Chapter 35. Mineral grains in the soil V: chlorides and sulfates.- Chapter 36. Biominerals I.- Chapter 37. Biominerals II.- Chapter 38. Biominerals III.- Chapter 39. Anthropogenic features I.- Chapter 40. Anthropogenic features II.- Chapter 41. Organic matter I.- Chapter 42. Organic matter II.- Chapter 43. Humus.- Chapter 44. Micromass.- Chapter 45. B-fabric I.- Chapter 46. B-fabric II.- Chapter 47. Imprints of pedogenesis.- Chapter 48. Iron- and manganese-bearing nodules.- Chapter 49. Carbonate nodules.- Chapter 50. Polygenetic nodules.- Chapter 51. Nodules: morphology and border shape.- Chapter 52. Nodules: orthic, anorthic, disorthic.- Chapter 53. Crystals and crystal intergrowths.- Chapter 54. Impregnations.- Chapter 55. Depletions.- Chapter 56. Coatings with clays I.- Chapter 57. Coatings with clays II.- Chapter 58. Micropans, coarse coatings, cappings, and crusts.- Chapter 59. Hypocoatings and quasicoatings: amorphous.- Chapter 60. Coatings and hypocoatings: crystalline.- Chapter 61. Mineral infillings.- Chapter 62. Mineral infillings of biological origin.- Chapter 63. Pedoturbations.- Chapter 64. Faecal pellets.- Chapter 65. Dung and vertebrate excrements.- Chapter 66. Composite pedogenic features.- Chapter 67. Uncommon features.- Chapter 68. Pedofeatures and soil processes.- Chapter 69. Clay dynamics I - Translocation.- Chapter 70. Clay dynamics II - Swelling.- Chapter 71. Water dynamics..- Chapter 72. Carbonate and gypsum dynamics.- Chapter 73. Processes involving iron oxyhydroxides.- Chapter 74. Biogeochemical processes I.- Chapter 75. Biogeochemical processes II.- Chapter 76. The future of soil micromorphology.- Chapter 77. Beyond the two dimensions.- Chapter 78. The prospect of chemical imaging

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Book SynopsisPlants, being sessile and autotrophic in nature, must cope with challenging environmental aberrations and therefore have evolved various responsive or defensive mechanisms including stress sensing mechanisms, antioxidant system, signaling pathways, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, and other defensive pathways among which accumulation of osmolytes or osmo-protectants is an important phenomenon. Osmolytes with organic chemical nature termed as compatible solutes are highly soluble compounds with no net charge at physiological pH and nontoxic at higher concentrations to plant cells. Compatible solutes in plants involve compounds like proline, glycine betaine, polyamines, trehalose, raffinose family oligosaccharides, fructans, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and sugar alcohols playing structural, physiological, biochemical, and signaling roles during normal plant growth and development. The current and sustaining problems of climate change and increasing world population has challenged global food security. To feed more than 9 billion, the estimated population by 2050, the yield of major crops needs to be increased 1.1–1.3% per year, which is mainly restricted by the yield ceiling. A major factor limiting the crop yield is the changing global environmental conditions which includes drought, salinity and extreme temperatures and are responsible for a reduction of crop yield in almost all the crop plants. This condition may worsen with a decrease in agricultural land or the loss of potential crop yields by 70%. Therefore, it is a challenging task for agricultural scientists to develop tolerant/resistant varieties against abiotic stresses. The development of stress tolerant plant varieties through conventional breeding is very slow due to complex multigene traits. Engineering compatible solutes biosynthesis by deciphering the mechanism behind the abiotic tolerance or accumulation in plants cell is a potential emerging strategy to mitigate adverse effects of abiotic stresses and increase global crop production. However, detailed information on compatible solutes, including their sensing/signaling, biosynthesis, regulatory components, underlying biochemical mechanisms, crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and transgenic development have not been compiled into a single resource. Our book intends to fill this unmet need, with insight from recent advances in compatible solutes research on agriculturally important crop plants.Table of Contents1. Recent advances in plant adaptation to climate change – An introduction to compatible solutes2. Osmosensing and signaling in plants - Potential role in crop improvement under climate change3. Amino acids other than proline and their participation in abiotic stress tolerance4. Engineering glycine betaine biosynthesis in alleviating abiotic stress effects in plants5. Improvement of abiotic stress tolerance by modulating polyamine pathway in crop plants6. Engineering fructan biosynthesis against abiotic stress7. The γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) towards abiotic stress tolerance8. Sugar alcohols and osmotic stress adaptation in plants9. Crosstalk of compatible solutes with other signalling pathways in plants10. Effect and importance of compatible solutes in plant growth promotion under different stress conditions11. Compatible solute engineering: An approach for plant growth under climate change

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Book SynopsisThis book represents a detailed introduction to the geology, structure, and stratigraphy of Kutch Basin, known for its rich fossilized megafauna and the wide range of condensed sections exposing Bathonian to Pleistocene. With its vast assortment of geological features, geomorphology, and geoheritage, the Kutch Basin shows geology, stratigraphy, and paleontology almost as a textbook. Besides the beautiful illustrations given in the book, in the form of good field photographs depicting the landscape, and geological and geomorphological features, this guidebook serves as an inspiring reading reference. Furthermore, this guidebook will be a handy reference book for the tourists visiting Kutch Basin in planning their visit to explore the beautiful Kutch region. The guidebook is intended to interest scientists, researchers, students from schools and universities, tourists, and geoscience professionals of the mining and oil industry working in Kutch.Table of ContentsChapter 1- Introduction to Geology of The Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India 1.1. Introduction 1.2 Basin Architecture 1.3 Stratigraphy 1.4 Tectonic Framework and Structural Style 1.5 Igneous Activity 1.6. Intrusive Bodies 1.7. Volcanic Activity 1.8 Tectonic Evolution 1.9 References Chapter 2- Guide to Field Traverses 2.1. Traverse-1: Bhuj – Pachham (Kaladongar) Hill Top 2.2 Tertiary section across peripheral coastal plains: Bhuj-Naliya-Waior-Narayan Sarovar Road Traverse: Visit to Tertiary stratigraphy of Kutch 2.3 Mesozoic of Kutch - section across Northern Range: Bhuj-Nakhtarana-Hajipir- Nara-Jumara-Rawapur-Matanumadh (Bhuj-Lakhpat Road via Lakhapur) traverse 2.4. Bhuj-Mandvi Road Traverse: N-S section across Katrol Hill uplift 2.5 Kankawati River Traverse 2.6 Gadhuli-Ghuneri Traverse 2.7 Keera Dome Traverse 2.8 South Wagad Fault Zone Traverse Chapter 3: Guide to Litho-Stratotype Sections 3.1. Introduction 3.2 Mesozoic Lithostratigraphy 3.2.1 Mainland Group 3.2.1.1. Jhurio Formation 3.2.1.2 Jumara Formation 3.2.1.3 Jhuran Formation 3.2.1.4. Bhuj Formation 3.2.2 Pachham Group 3.2.2.1. Kaladongar Formation 3.2.2.2. Goradongar Formation 3.2.3. Khadir-Wagad Group 3.2.3.1. Khadir Formation 3.2.3.2. Washtawa Formation 3.2.3.3. Wagad Sandstone 3.2.4. Deccan Trap Formation 3.3: Tertiary Lithostratigraphy 3.3.1. Matanumadh Formation 3.3.2. Naredi Formation 3.3.3. Harudi Formation 3.3.4. Fulra Limestone 3.3.5. Maniyara Fort Formation 3.3.6. Khari Nadi Formation 3.3.7. Chhasra Formation

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses Turkey's karst systems' most critical features, one of the world's most important karst areas. This publication has been prepared to assist geologists and professionals working in karst areas by solving several different problems, for example, to conduct groundwater analysis in regions with karstic depressions and examine subsidence problems through geotechnical and hydrogeological studies to solve dams' technical challenges from Karstic areas.Table of ContentsCaves And Karst Of Turkey.- Turkey’s Karst And Water Resources.- Karst Hydrogeology Of Manavgat River Basin.- Karst Of Antalya Travertine, South West Of Turkey.- Geologic And Hydrogeologic Factors Affecting Sinkhole (Obruk) Development In Central Turkey.- Karst Areas Of Turkey.- Karst Springs Of Turkey.- Dumanli Karst Springs, Manavgat River, Antalya, Turkey.- Karst Hydrogeology In Geothermal Reservoirs.- Karstic Hot Water Aquifers In Turkey.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a significant amount of structural, paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric data in the Central High Atlas (Morocco). The authors thoroughly described and analyzed the present-day structure of this intraplate chain through 22 of cross-sections, potential field data analysis and 3D reconstruction. In addition, the authors propose a palinspastic reconstruction of the structure of the basin at 100 Ma (i.e., post-extension and pre-compression) to finally evaluate its Mesozoic and Cenozoic geodynamic evolution. This books presents (1) a unique three-dimensional model at the chain scale, (2) an analysis of the ca. 100 Ma remagnetization, to perform palinspastic restorations of most representative structures, (3) as well as the interpretation of the magnetic fabrics in order to unravel the tectonic or deformation setting that the rocks underwent in different parts of the basin. This book is of interest to structural geologists in Northern Africa, the Mediterranean and Iberia, as well as to those interested in inverted intraplate basins and paleomagnetists from around the planet. Also, this book is intended to help students to understand better the geological evolution of the Atlas and therefore Morocco and surrounding areas.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The geological setting of the Moroccan High Atlas and its plate tectonics context.Moussaid, B., El-Ouardi, H., Casas-Sainz A.M., Pocoví, A., Román-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C.1.1. INTRODUCTION1.2. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING1.3. THE HIGH ATLAS IN ITS GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT: SURROUNDING GEOLOGICALUNITS1.3.1. The Sahara domain1.3.2. The Anti-Atlas1.3.3. The Meseta domain1.3.4. The Rif Chain1.4. GEOLOGICAL FRAME OF THE MOROCCAN HIGH ATLAS1.4.1. The Atlantic High Atlas1.4.2. The Marrakech High Atlas1.4.3. The Central High Atlas (CHA)1.4.4. The Eastern High Atlas1.5. GEODYNAMIC FRAME OF THE HIGH ATLAS AND EVOLUTION OF THE APWP1.6. IMPLICATIONS OF THE MAIN GEODYNAMIC EVENTS IN NORTH AFRICA IN ATLASICGEOLOGY1.6.1. Permian-Triassic stage1.6.2. First rifting event: Late Triassic to Early Jurassic1.6.3. Second rifting event: Late Liassic to Early Dogger (180Ma)1.6.4. Bajocian-Late Jurassic stage1.6.5. Early Cretaceous1.6.6. Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic inversion1.7. MAGMATIC EVENTS / HYDROTHERMALISM AND MINERALIZATION1.7.1. Triassic: the CAMP event1.7.2. Jurassic – Cretaceous event1.7.3. Cenozoic event1.7.4. Hydrothermalism and mineralization1.8. STRATIGRAPHIC FRAME OF THE CENTRAL HIGH ATLAS1.8.1. Triassic1.8.2. Jurassic1.8.3. Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous1.8.4. Lower Cretaceous1.8.5. Post-Turonian Cretaceous deposits1.8.6. Cenozoic deposits1.9. STRUCTURING OF THE MOROCCAN HIGH ATLAS1.9.1. Extensional structures1.9.2. Post-basinal, pre-inversion tectonic structures1.9.3. Alpine compressional structures1.9.4. Crustal roots for Atlasic structures: the geophysical background1.9.5. Recent evolution of the Atlas belt: topographic featuresREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 2. Structure of the Central High Atlas (Morocco). Constraints from potential field dataand 3D models.Casas-Sainz, A.M., Santolaria, P., Mochales, T., Pocoví, A., Izquierdo, E., El-Ouardi, H., Moussaid, B.,Manar, A., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C., Marcén, M., Torres-López, S., Gil-Imaz, A., Román-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Calvín, P.2.1. MAIN STRUCTURAL FEATURES2.1.1. Southern Atlas fold-and-thrust belt (Zone 1)1. Toundoute nappe (Amejgag syncline-Tisguine syncline)2. Skoura culmination: basement thrusts associated with the Toundoute nappe (Asaka Kantoulathrust and others3. Boumalne-Dadès structures4. Central thrust system (Aït Ourena-Tamayoust-Jbel Aderbat-Jbel Badoust)5. Tadighoust anticline6. Amellago recumbent fold system7. Jbel Hamdoun thrust and related structures2.1.2. Northern Atlas thrust system (Zone 2)8. West of the Middle Atlas intersection9. East of the Middle Atlas intersection2.1.3. Western sector: the large interference synclines and basement-involved folds (Demnate area,Zone 3)10. Aït-Attab syncline11. Guettioua syncline12. Iouaridène, Tizgui and Tifni synclines (and intervening anticlines)13. Jbel Til syncline14. Jbel Rat syncline15. Amezri syncline2.1.4. Central sector (1): thrusts and diapiric anticlines (La Cathédrale area, Zone 4)16. Ouaouizaght syncline17. Taguelft syncline18. M’Goun anticline (Tameksout-Timoutiguine-Aït Baha-Toumliline)19. Wagoulzat anticline20. Tabant syncline21. Jbel Azourki anticline and Zawyat Ahansal zone22. Jbel Tilicha anticline23. Jbel Tabaghast thrust24. La Cathédrale thrust25. Aït-Mazigh anticline and western prolongation of La Cathédrale thrust26. Talmest-Tazoult anticline27. Tiffouine-Tagertetouch monocline28. Talmest interference structure29. Addendoum anticline30. Tilouguit monocline2.1.5. Central sector (2): thrusts, anticlines and diapirs (Imilchil area, Zone 5)31. Tizi’n’Isly syncline and thrust32. Chekret anticline and Ikassene syncline33. Tasraft anticline34. Anergui diapir35. Tassent anticline36. Lacs syncline37. Ikkou anticline38. Tissila anticline and Ikkou syncline39. Tadaghmamt anticline40. Timedouine diapir41. Moussa diapir42. Isselfène diapir and Taltfraout anticline/diapir43. Msmrir diapir and syncline44. Toumliline anticline and diapir45. Platform (cleavage-domain) area between Timedouine and Toumliline2.1.6. Eastern sector (1): cleavage-related linear structures (Tounfite area, Zone 6)46. Jbel Amalou anticline47. Tounfite syncline48. Jbel Masker anticline49. Tirrhist gabbro and associated structures50. Almou syncline51. Jbel Adderdoum thrust52. Taribante syncline53. Jbel Tazreft thrust54. Ameksou anticline55. Assoul syncline56. Jbel Baddou thrust2.1.7. Eastern sector (2): vergence-switching ridges (Midelt-Rich area, Ziz river, Zone 7)57. Jbel Aouja (and Aït Arouz) anticline58. Sidi Hamza anticline59. Foum Tilich thrust60. Kerrando syncline61. Bou Hamid anticline/thrust62. Gourrama syncline63. Foum Zabel anticline/thrust64. Aghbarou syncline2.2. SERIATED CROSS SECTIONS2.3. INPUT FROM MODELING OF POTENTIAL FIELD DATA2.3.1. Petrophysical properties2.3.1.1 Magnetic susceptibility and density2.3.1.2 Magnetic remanence and Koenigsberger ratio2.3.2 Magnetic maps processing2.3.2.1. Reduction to Pole and Reduction to Equator2.3.2.2. Filtering: Derivatives constraints2.3.2.3. 2.5D modelling of magnetic and gravimetric anomalies2.3.3. Results2.3.3.1. Interpretation of the corrected magnetic field map of IGRF (ICMT), Reduced to Pole(ICMTRTP) and Reduced to Equator (ICMTRTE)2.3.3.2. Interpretation of the Vertical and horizontal Derivatives2.3.3.3. Bouguer anomaly2.3.4. The geophysical anomalies in their relation to geological features and evolution2.3.5. 2.5D modelling. Configuration and interpretation of magnetic and gravimetric models2.3.5.1. Profile 2, Tagoudite2.3.5.2. Profile 8, Anergui E2.3.5.3. Profile 12, Ouaouitzaght2.4. CONTRIBUTIONS OF 3-D RECONSTRUCTIONS TO THE GEOMETRY OF THE CENTRALHIGH ATLAS2.4.1. Methods and workflow2.4.1.1 Defining the model area and resolution2.4.1.2. Modelled stratigraphic pile2.4.1.3. Input data and data compilation in a 3D environment2.4.1.4. Verifying cross-sections in a 3D environment2.4.1.5. Computing the model1. Major bounding thrust2. Faults3. Diapirs4. Diapir-fault systems5. Compiling structural surfaces6. Stratigraphic horizons2.4.2. 3D structural model of the Central High Atlas2.4.2.1. Southern Atlas fold-and-thrust belt (Zone 1)2.4.2.2. Northern Atlas thrust system (Zone 2)2.4.2.3. Western sector: the large interference synclines and basement-involved folds (Demnatearea, Zone 3)2.4.2.4. Central sector (1): thrusts and diapiric anticlines (La Cathédrale area, Zone 4)2.4.2.5. Central sector (2): thrusts, anticlines and diapirs (Imilchil area, Zone 5)2.4.2.6. Eastern sector (1): cleavage-related linear structures (Tounfite area, Zone 6)2.4.2.7. Eastern sector (2): vergence-switching ridges (Midelt-Rich area, Ziz river, Zone 7)2.4.3. Potential and limitations of the 3D modelREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 3. Magnetic properties of the remagnetized carbonates of the Central High Atlas(Morocco).Calvín, P., Bógalo, M.F., Villalaín, J.J., Román-Berdiel, T., Falcón, I., Torres-López, S., Mochales, T.,Herrejón, A.3.1 METHODOLOGY3.2 GENERAL MAGNETIC FRACTION IN THE ATLASIC ROCKS3.2.1. Carbonates3.2.2. Red beds3.3 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MAGNETITE-BEARING REMAGNETIZED CARBONATES3.3.1. SP versus SSD grain size3.3.2. ARM vs IRM experiment3.3.3. Coercivity spectra3.3.4 Discussion and summary3.4 CARRIERS OF THE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY3.4.1. Magnetic susceptibility of carbonates3.4.2. Magnetic susceptibility of red-bedsREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 4. Paleomagnetism of the Central High Atlas. The widespread CretaceousRemagnetization and structural implications.Villalaín, J.J., Calvín, P., Falcón, I., Torres-López, S., Bógalo, M.F., Moussaid, B., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C.,Sánchez, E.4.1. MATERIALS, SAMPLING STRATEGY AND METHODS4.2. NATURAL REMANENT MAGNETIZATION OF MESOZOIC HIGH ATLAS ROCKS4.3. DIRECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTIC REMANENT MAGNETIZATION4.4. AGE OF THE HIGH ATLAS REMAGNETIZATION4.5. SPREADING OF THE HIGH ATLAS REMAGNETIZATION4.6. RESTORATION OF THE PALEOMAGNETIC DIRECTIONS. PALEO-DIPS AT THEREMAGNETIZATION TIME (100 Ma)4.7. CONCLUSIONSREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 5. Geodynamic evolution during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the Central High Atlas ofMorocco from Anisotropy of Magnetic SusceptibilityRomán-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Casas-Sainz, A., Calvín, P., Moussaid, B., Soto, R., Marcén, M., ElOuardi, H., Pocoví, A., Gil-Imaz, A.5.1. SAMPLING AND METHODOLOGY5.2. MAGNETIC FABRIC (RT-AMS) RESULTS5.2.1. Global RT-AMS results5.2.2. RT-AMS by zones and types5.3. MAGNETIC SUBFABRICS (LT-AMS AND AARM) AND PETROFABRICS5.3.1. Scalar parameters5.3.2. Orientation distribution of grains, the information of the magnetic subfabrics (LT-, RT-AMSand AARM)5.3.3. Comparison with petrofabrics5.4. STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE MAGNETIC FABRICS / TECTONICIMPLICATIONS OF THE MAGNETIC FABRIC ORIENTATION5.4.1. Strain characterization from magnetic fabrics in the Central High Atlas5.4.2. Timing of acquisition of AMS: Information derived from magnetic subfabrics separation5.5. CONCLUSIONSREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 6. Kinematics of structures and basin evolution in the Central High Atlas. Constraintsfrom AMS and paleomagnetic dataCasas-Sainz, A., Villalaín, J.J., Román-Berdiel, T., Calvín, P., Marcén, M., Izquierdo, E., Santolaria, P.,Pocoví, A., Mochales, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., El-Ouardi, H., Moussaid, B.6.1. PALEODIPS AND FOLD TEST. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS6.2. ORIGIN OF INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES ACCORDING TO PALEOMAGNETISM ANDMAGNETIC FABRIC DATA.6.3. RESTORED CROSS SECTION6.4. SIGNIFICANCE AND MEANING OF MAJOR STRUCTURES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHATLAS FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF MAGNETIC TECHNICS6.4.1. Deformation of the Paleozoic basement6.4.2. The asymmetry of the chain: compressional features of the southern Atlas fold-and-thrust-belt6.4.3. Compressional features of the northern belt6.4.4. Diapirism, magmatism and thrusting in the Central High Atlas6.4.5. Geophysical constraints to large-scale structural features6.4.6. Internal deformation: the cleavage domain6.4.7. Geometry of the overall extension and inversion of the Atlasic basin6.5. CONCLUSIONS. THE CONTRIBUTION OF MAGNETIC TECHNIQUES TO THEEVOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL HIGH ATLAS6.5.1. Paleomagnetism and AMS applied to the study of the CHA6.5.2. The intermediate stage in basin evolution6.5.3. Basin geometry: transtension vs. salt tectonics?6.5.4. Final considerations: comparison with other basins of the Thetys domain6.5.5. Concluding remarksREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONS

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Book SynopsisThe monograph offers a comprehensive discussion of the role of evaporites in hydrocarbon generation and trapping, and new information on low temperature and high temperature ores. It also provides a wealth of information on exploitable salts, in a comprehensive volume has been assembled and organized to provide quick access to relevant information on all matters related to evaporites and associated brines. In addition, there are summaries of evaporite karst hazards, exploitative methods and problems that can arise in dealing with evaporites in conventional and solution mining. This second edition has been revised and extended, with three new chapters focusing on ore minerals in different temperature settings and a chapter on meta-evaporites. Written by a field specialist in research and exploration, the book presents a comprehensive overview of the realms of low- and high-temperature evaporite evolution. It is aimed at earth science professionals, sedimentologists, oil and gas explorers, mining geologists as well as environmental geologists.Table of ContentsInterpreting evaporite textures.- Depositional chemistry and hydrology.- Sabkhas, saline mudflats and pans.- Subaqueous salts: salinas and perennial lakes.- Ancient basins and stratigraphic evolution.- Flowing salt: Halokinesis.- Pointers to vanished evaporites: Karst, breccia, nodules and cement.- Hypersaline fluid evolution during burial and uplift.- Halotolerant life in feast or famine (a source of hydrocarbons and a fixer of metals).- Hydrocarbons and evaporites.- Potash resources: Occurrences and controls.- Non-Potash Salts: Borates, Na-sulphates, Na-carbonate, lithium salts, gypsum, halite and zeolites.- Solution mining and salt cavern usage.- Meta-evaporites.- Lower temperature metals in evaporitic frameworks.- Magma-evaporite-hydrothermal metal associations.

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Book SynopsisBöden gehören zu den wichtigsten Lebensgrundlagen der Menschheit. Sie unterscheiden sich in den verschiedenen Regionen der Erde außerordentlich stark. Dieser Bildatlas beschreibt und illustriert die Böden der Welt im Zusammenhang mit ihren Naturräumen.Grundlage ist die internationale Bodenklassifikation WRB (World Reference Base for Soil Resources) in der Neuauflage von 2006. Darin sind zahlreiche Begriffe neu bzw. schärfer definiert. Mit den Technosolen und Stagnosolen fanden zwei neue Referenzbodengruppen Aufnahme. Auch die weitere Untergliederung der Böden mit Hilfe von Qualifiern wurde deutlich verändert und erweitert. Diese zahlreichen Änderungen in der WRB von 2006 sind in die 2. Auflage des Buches eingegangen.Das Buch ist nach Ökozonen gegliedert. Für jede Ökozone werden Lage, Klima und Vegetation mit den sich daraus ergebenden bodenbildenden Faktoren beschrieben. Darauf folgen umfassende Informationen über deren repräsentative Böden: Definition der Böden, diagnostische Horizonte, Eigenschaften und Materialien, physikalische, chemische und biologische Merkmale, Vorkommen und Verbreitung, Nutzung und Gefährdung, Prozesse der Bodenbildung. Zahlreiche Diagramme zur Verbreitung der Böden, zu Profilmerkmalen und bodenbildenden Prozessen sowie viele neue Farbfotos von Bodenprofilen und -landschaften machen den Bildatlas zu einem ausgezeichneten Referenzwerk. Studierende und Lehrende sowie Entscheidungsträger werden zudem mit grundlegenden Erkenntnissen der Bodenkunde, des Bodenschutzes und der Bodenfruchtbarkeit vertraut gemacht. Bevölkerungswachstum und Bodendegradation in tropischen Gebieten, deren Böden von Natur aus nur eingeschränkt fruchtbar sind, machen die Ernährungssicherung in besonderem Maße zu einer Aufgabe der Bodenkunde.Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen:“Das Buch beschreibt und illustriert alle Bodentypen der Erde nach der weltweit gültigen WRB-Klassifikation. Es stellt die Böden und Bodengesellschaften in ihrer naturräumlichen Verbreitung vor und liefert damit eine kompakte Übersicht für Fachleute und Studierende verschiedener Disziplinen ...“ (in: Landtechnik, Heft 3, 1.Juni 2014) “... Das Buch ist ein sehr schön bebildertes Lehrbuch und Nachschlagewerk, in dem man stundenlang blättern und sich nicht sattsehen kann an den farbenfrohen Profilen und den vielen anschaulichen Abbildungen. Jeder, der Spaß und Interesse an Böden hat, wird Gefallen an der aufwendigen Aufmachung und liebevollen Gestaltung finden, die es einem leicht macht, in die komplexen Sachverhalte der Bodengenese einzusteigen. ... Es ist darüber hinaus auch für die Lehre im Bereich der internationalen Bodenkunde unverzichtbar ...“ (Martin Jansen, in: Forstarchiv, Jg. 85,Heft 5, 2014, S. 172)“... Das Buch ist ein sehr schön bebildertes Lehrbuch und Nachschlagewerk ... Jeder, der Spaß und Interesse an Böden hat, wird Gefallen an der aufwendigen Aufmachung und liebevollen Gestaltung finden, die es einem leicht macht, in die komplexen Sachverhalte der Bodengenese einzusteigen. ... Es ist darüber hinaus auch für die Lehre im Bereich der internationalen Bodenkunde unverzichtbar.“ ( Martin Jansen, in: Forstarchiv, Jg. 85,Heft 5, S. 172, 2014)Table of ContentsVorwort zur zweiten Auflage.- Abkürzungen, Akronyme.- Einleitung und Hinweise zur Nutzung des Buches.- Horizontsymbole.- Übersicht der Böden und ökozonale Zuordnung.- A Polare und Subpolare Zone (Tundra).- A.1 Cryosole.- B Boreale Zone (Taiga, kalt-gemäßigte Zone).- B1 Histosole.- B2 Gleysole.- B3 Podzole.- B4 Albeluvisole.- B5 Stagnosole.- Bilder.- Catenen.- C Feuchte Mittelbreiten (kühl-gemäßigte Zone).- C1 Cambisole .- C2 Luvisole.- C3 Umbrisole.- Bilder.- Catenen.- D Trockene Mittelbreiten.- D1 Phaeozeme.- D2 Chernozeme.- D3 Kastanozeme.- Bilder.- Catenen.- E Winterfeuchte Subtropen.- E1 Chromic Cambisole.- E2 Chromic Luvisole.- Bilder.- Catenen.- F Immerfeuchte Subtropen (immerfeuchte, warm-gemäßigte Zone).- F1 Acrisole.- F2 Alisole.- Bilder.- Catenen.- G Trockene Subtropen und Tropen.- G1 Arenosole.- G2 Calcisole.- G3 Gypsisole.- G4 Durisole.- G5 Solonchake.- G6 Solonetze.- Bilder.- Catenen.- H Sommerfeuchte Tropen.- H1 Lixisole.- H2 Nitisole.- H3 Vertisole.- H4 Planosole.- Bilder.- Catenen.- I Immerfeuchte Tropen.- I1 Ferralsole.- I2 Plinthosole.- Bilder.- Catenen.- J Gebirgsböden.- J1 Leptosole.- J2 Regosole.- J3 Andosole.- Bilder.- Catenen.- K Weltweit verbreitete Böden.- K1 Fluvisole.- K2 Anthrosole.- K3 Technosole.- Bilder.- Catenen.- Glossar .- Diagnostische Horizonte.- Diagnostische Eigenschaften.- Diagnostische Materialien.- Qualifier.- Literatur.- Sachwortregister.

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Book SynopsisThe push-pull test is a powerful site characterization technique that has been applied to a wide range of problems in contaminant hydrogeology. The theoretical and practical apsects of push-pull testing were initially developed to characterize groundwater acquifers but the method has now been extended to saturated and unsaturated soils and sediments as well as to surface water bodies. Dr. Istok and his collaborators have been instrumental in the development of these techniques and he is widely recognized as the world's leading expert push-pull testing. This is the only reference book available on this powerful method.Table of ContentsPush-pull tests.- Setting up a site.- Evaluation of site.- Improvement of site.- Long-term prognosis.- The shape of things to come.- Analysis.

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Book SynopsisThe book covers topics on soil moisture studies using various techniques, soil physico-chemical properties, crop simulation, tillage guides, fertilizer effects, and emerging technologies like remote sensing and GIS for soil science research. Suitable for physicists, hydrologists, agriculturists, chemists, and researchers in the field.

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Book SynopsisSustainable agricultural productivity relies on the effective preservation of soil fertility. Among the 16 essential elements required by plants, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are derived from air and water, accounting for approximately 96% of a plants composition. The remaining elements, collectively accounting for around 4% of a plants makeup, are known as mineral nutrients and are absorbed by plants from the soil. These mineral nutrients play both structural and functional roles within the plants, with some elements offering beneficial effects. The interactions between mineral elements and soil organic matter, clay minerals, soil microorganisms, and other associated mineral elements determine their availability and dynamics in the soil. A thorough understanding of the dynamics of plant nutrients in the soil is crucial for effective nutrient management. Soil organic matter not only provides the necessary nutrients for crops but also enhances the biological and physical properties of the soil. This section offers information on the production and management of organic manures, biofertilizers, integrated nutrient management in cropping systems, and nutrient management in problematic soils.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive understanding of the nature and causes of land degradation, as well as methods for evaluating, characterizing, and controlling it to maintain land productivity. It covers a broad range of land degradation topics in a concise and straightforward manner, with fifteen chapters that address the physical, chemical, and biological processes that lead to land degradation in various agro-ecosystems. The book delves into the various forms of physical land degradation, such as soil compression, compaction, soil crusting, and slow and highly permeable soils. Additionally, it explores the various forms of chemical land degradation, including iron and aluminum toxicity, soil acidity, acid sulfate soils, soil salinity, and alkalinity. The book also emphasizes the importance of using modern technology, such as Remote Sensing, GIS, and GPS, to assess and monitor the extent of land degradation and its impact on soil and water. The concept of watershed management, based on land capability classification, land irrigability classification, and land suitability classification, is discussed in detail for the management of wastelands. The book also emphasizes the importance of maintaining soil health and soil quality for sustainable crop production. At the end of each chapter, study questions are provided to benefit students.

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Book SynopsisProceedings of the 10th Regional Conference for Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering and the 3rd International Conference on Tropical and Residual Soils, held in Maseru, Lesotho, September 1991, are contained in two volumes. The papers address geotechnical problems peculiar to Africa and engineering solutions for local problems, as well as data on the properties of African soils.

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Book SynopsisProceedings of the International Symposium on Highway Capacity, Karlsruhe, Germany, July 1991. Papers range widely from driving behavior and pedestrian to the numerical value of freeway capacity and transit capacity. No index. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

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Book SynopsisHighlights the multi-disciplinary nature of probabilistic risk and hazard assessment procedures. Topics covered include: Hazard scenario analyses (e.g. HAZOP, FMEA); probabilistic risk assessments; consequence modelling; structural reliability; human error; uncertainty analyses; and risk assessment. Topics are related to the design, construction & operation of chemical & process plants; nuclear facilities; bridges & buildings; offshore structures & dams

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Book SynopsisContents:Foundation engineering & field & laboratory testing; Ground improvement & reinforced earth; Embankments, Excavations & buried structures; Earth structures, mines & slopes; Dynamic behaviours of soil & earthquakes.

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Book SynopsisThe latest developments in analysis and design of a wide range of steel structures, including buildings, bridges, towers, silos, offshore structures etc. Theoretical and experimental investigations on many topics such as analysis and design of elements, frames, connections, plates and shells, composite structures. Moreover fire and earthquake resistance design, fatique design as well as the latest developments in Eurocode3, the European Steel Design Code, which constitutes a major European contribution to modern codes, are also included.

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Book SynopsisThis conference brought together specialists in cyclic soil behaviour in order to discuss important results and new ideas in the field, and to share expertise in design of various problems involving cyclic or dynamic behaviour of soils. This book covers a variety of topics:* Theory and analysis, including constitutive relations of soil under cyclic loading, post-seismic stability analysis of soil/structure, dynamic stability of structures, liquefaction analysis of marine structures due to cyclic loading, and more* Cyclic and dynamic laboratory and model testing, centrifuge testing and in-situ testing. * Numerical analysis, including computer methods * Design of industrial applications and marine structures, installation methods of piles, vibrocompaction, densification of ballast in railway structures, case studies of earthquakes and post-liquefaction observations.

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Book SynopsisThe Bangkok Symposium (on title) held in November 1988 presented papers deali with Buddhist temples in Thailand, Mohenjodaro in Pakistan, ancient tombs in the Valley of Kings in Egypt, and the Leaning Tower of Pisa as well as sever types of dams in Asia, Europe and Africa, and other structures and m

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Book SynopsisProceedings of an international symposium, with the focus on Prediction and Performance in Geotechnical Engineering held in Calgary, on the 17-19 June 1987.

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Book SynopsisDescribes the history of soil chemistry, its application in agriculture, chemical properties and composition of the principal types of soil, important chemical processes and chemical equilibrium in soils, fundamental laws of ion-exchange capacity of soils, and more.

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Book SynopsisThe response of a nuclear installation's structure during an earthquake depends on the characteristics of the ground motion, the surrounding soil and the structure itself. Soil– structure interaction (SSI) analysis is used to evaluate the effects of seismic ground motion on an installation's structure, system and components, to ensure it is designed to withstand the effects of earthquakes, without loss of safety functions. This publication presents SSI phenomena and current practices in SSI modelling, simulation methodology and analysis methods for the design and assessment of nuclear installations. It complements IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-67, Seismic Design for Nuclear Installations, and No. NS-G-2.13, Evaluation of Seismic Safety for Existing Nuclear Installations.

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