Scientific equipment, experiments and techniques Books

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Book SynopsisA study of social and cultural life at a scientific research station in the Arctic.Trade Review"Studying Arctic Fields is expertly researched, well-situated in the literature on the history and philosophy of science, and is engaging and well-written. There are no other works on a similar topic and it will engage a broad readership." David G. Anderson, University of Aberdeen"Portraying the social lives of scientists in Resolute, Nunavut, and their interactions with logistical staff and Inuit, Richard Powell demonstrates that the scientific community is structured along power differentials in response to gender, class, and race. To explain these social dynamics, the author examines the history and vision of the Government of Canada's Polar Continental Shelf Program and John Diefenbaker's "Northern Vision," combining ethnography with wider discourses on nationalism, identity, and the postwar evolution of scientific sovereignty in the High Arctic. By revealing an expanded understanding of the scientific life as it relates to politics, history, and cultures, Studying Arctic Fields articulates a new theory of field research." Above & Beyond: Canada's Arctic Journal"Powell has dug deep into the history books to provide an important overview of the political motivations of the Canadian government to create the PCSP in 1958 and how its mandate and name ("Project" to "Program") have changed over the years. This book should be required reading for any student interested in Arctic research, for polar historians, and for politicians with aspirations for northern development." Arctic"Studying Arctic Fields ... is highly readable and accessible to a wide audience, including the support staff at PCSP who make the field science possible. Powell has provided an excellent introduction to the Polar Continental Shelf Project and to the soci

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Book SynopsisThe increasingly sophisticated and powerful information technology we are creating plays an ever more prominent role in facilitating interaction and cooperation in everyday life. The time has come to harness it in the service of scientific research. This pathbreaking book describes the technical and social challenges and opportunities of electronic collaboration and offers specific examples of the ways in which it has not only facilitated but in some cases enabled work by scientists. Key players all, the chapter authors illuminate the general issues with their first-hand accounts. Very few researchers today can work in isolation. Electronic Collaboration in Science provides the first clear road map for all whose investigations are leading them into this fascinating new multidisciplinary domain.Table of ContentsContents: W.A. Wulf, Foreword. S.H. Koslow, M.F. Huerta, Preface. G.M. Olson, T.A. Finholt, S.D. Teasley, Behavioral Aspects of Collaboratories. D.L. Burk, Intellectual Property Issues in Electronic Collaborations. P.M.D. Gray, G.J.L. Kemp, Federated Database Technology for Data Integration: Lessons From Bioinformatics. G. Cameron, P. Rogriguez-Tomé, R. Apweiler, Electonic Collaboration in Molecular Biology. R.T. Kouzes, Electronic Collaboration in Environmental and Physical Science Research. F.E. Bloom, W.G. Young, Electonic Collaboration: Implications for Neurosciences.

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Book SynopsisCovering Equipment Testing Procedure, softcover member and other discounts do not apply to this title.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Purpose and Scope. Purpose. Scope. Liability. Chapter 2. Definitions and Descriptions of Terms. Flow Quantities. Key components. Tray Efficiency. Operating Lines. Pinch. Maximum Throughput. Minimum Throughput. Operating Section. Chapter 3. Test Planning. Safety. Environmental. Preliminary Preparation. Test Objectives. Organizational Resources. Schedule. Column Control and Instrumentation. Peripheral Equipment. Pretest Calculations. Types of Tests. Performance Tests. Acceptance Tests. Specific Areas of Interest. Tray Efficiency. Capacity Limitations. Energy Consumption. Pressure-Drop Restrictions. Data requirements-Measured. Properties of External Streams, Overall and Component Material Balances, Over Enthalpy Balances. Internal Temperatures. Internal Samples. Pressure Profiles. Data Requirements-Physical Properties. Essential Data. Auxiliary Data. Test Procedure Documentation. Chapter 4. Methods of Measurement and Sampling. Measurement of Temperatures. Accuracy. Errors. Measurement of Flow Rates. Orifice Meters. Rotameters. Direct Volume or Weight Measurement. Measurement of Column Pressure Drop. Instruments. Pressure taps. Seal Pots. Accuracy. Sampling Procedures. General. Selection of Sampling Points. Sample Connections. Containers. Sampling of High Boiling Materials. Sampling of Intermediate Boiling Materials. Sampling of Materials Having Boiling Points Below -50o F (-46oC). Labeling and Handling of the Samples. Chapter 5. Test Procedure. Preliminary. Pretest Procedure for Maximum Hydraulic Throughput. Reaching the Flooding Point. Capacity Test. Test Period. Establishment of Steady State Conditions. Length of Test Period. Chapter 6. Computation of Results. Verification of Test Data. Material Balance. Enthalpy Balance. Overall Balance. Internal Flow Rates. Column Capacity. Column Pressure Drop. Overall Column Efficiency. Computer Calculation. Graphical Calculation. Murphree Tray Efficiency. Sample Calculations. Chapter 7. Interpretation of Results. Sources of Experimental Error. Effects of Experimental Error. Possible Reasons for Not Meeting Design Performance. Mechanical. Process. Applications of Test results to Design Conditions. Chapter 8. Appendix. Notation. Illustrations. Sample Calculation. English Units. SI Units. References.

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Book SynopsisMolecular Morphology in Human Tissues: Techniques and Applications presents the most advanced molecular morphological techniques to date. This integrated approach to molecular morphology provides powerful analytical and diagnostic tools at the genome level, making the diagnosis and management of cancer, viral infections, and other diseases more precise and reliable. The pioneers of these techniques contribute step-by-step protocols with tips, guidelines, and other suggestions from their own notebooks, enabling experienced scientists as well as beginners to apply the most progressive detection methods available and to obtain optimal results.Table of ContentsMolecular Morphology in Human Tissues: Techniques and Applications presents the most advanced molecular morphological techniques to date. This integrated approach to molecular morphology provides powerful analytical and diagnostic tools at the genome level, making the diagnosis and management of cancer, viral infections, and other diseases more precise and reliable. The pioneers of these techniques contribute step-by-step protocols with tips, guidelines, and other suggestions from their own notebooks, enabling experienced scientists as well as beginners to apply the most progressive detection methods available and to obtain optimal results.

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Book SynopsisThe use of stable isotopes in nutritional studies is now widespread, and the technique is becoming increasingly popular. Practical applications are numerous and include:calcium and iron absorption studiesstudies looking at the impacts of diet, physical activity, aging, and medical therapy and supplementation on nutrient metabolismthe measurement of energy cost of pregnancystudies on the causes of growth faltering in infantsinvestigations into childhood and adult obesity.This book is designed as a laboratory handbook of methods used to perform stable isotope studies in humans. It covers basic principles, dosage information, sample preparation procedures, analytical instrumentation, and necessary mathematical methods and provides the fundamentals to enable researchers to evaluate and establish stable isotope methods in their own laboratories.Table of Contents1: Introduction, S A Abrams and W W Wong 2: The measurement of protein kinetics with stable isotope tracers, F Jahoor, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas,USA 3: Stable isotope studies of macromineral metabolism: Calcium, magnesium and iron, S A Abrams 4: Evaluation of trace mineral status and bioavailability using stable isotopes (zinc, copper, selenium, molybdenum), N M Lowe, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK and C S Broome, University of Liverpool, UK 5: Energy utilization with doubly labelled water (2H218O), W W Wong 6: Body composition measurements with 2H218O isotope dilution, W W Wong 7: Stable isotopes and gas chromatoraphy - Mass spectrometry in studies of glucose and metabolism in children, A L Sunehag, and M W Haymond, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA 8: Cholesterol and other lipid metabolism, R E Ostlund, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA 9: Index

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Book SynopsisThe use of thermal and calorimetric methods has shown rapid growth over the last two decades, in an increasingly wide range of applications. In addition, a number of powerful new techniques have been developed. This book supplies a concise and readable account of the principles, experimental apparatus and practical procedures used in thermal analysis and calorimetric methods of analysis. Brief accounts of the basic theory are reinforced with detailed applications of the methods and contemporary developments. Also included is information on standard test methods and manufacturers. Written by acknowledged experts, Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry is up-to-date, wide-ranging and practical. It will be an important source of information for many levels of readership in a variety of areas, from students and lecturers through to industrial and laboratory staff and consultants.Trade Review"... should certainly be recommended reading for all students who are concerned with analytical chemistry at degree level." * Chromatographia, 2002, Vol 56, p 521 *"... a first-class book." * Chemistry & Industry, Issue 3, 3 February 2003 *Table of ContentsNomenclature; Thermogravimetric Analysis; Dynamic Vapour Sorption; DTA and DSC; Temperature-Modulated DSC; Isothermal Microcalorimetry; Isothermal Reaction Calorimetry and Adiabatic Calorimetry; TMA and DMA; Dielectric Spectroscopy; Micro-TA; Hot-stage Microscopy; Simultaneous Techniques; Sample-controlled Thermal Analysis.

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Book SynopsisDevising and performing a scientific experiment is an art, and it is common to hear scientists talk about the ''beauty'' of an experiment. What does this mean in chemistry, the experimental science par excellence? And what are the most beautiful chemical experiments of all time? This book offers ten suggestions for where beauty might reside in experimental chemistry. In some cases the beauty lies in the clarity of conception; sometimes it is a feature of the instrumental design. But for chemistry, there can also be a unique beauty in the way atoms are put together to make new molecules, substances not known in nature. The ten experiments described here offer a window into the way that chemists think and work, and how what they do affects the rest of science and the wider world. This book aims to stimulate the reader to think anew about some of the relationships and differences between science and art, and to challenge some of the common notions about particular ''famous experiments''. Elegant Solutions: Ten Beautiful Experiments in Chemistry is accessible to all readers, including those without a scientific background and can provide an unusual point of entry into some of the basic concepts of chemistry. Phillip Ball is a renowned, prolific, award winning science writer.Trade Review"...wonderful, compelling read...""...will be of interest to chemistrs and historians alike. This is a timely and very welcome achievement." * Ambix, Vol 54, No 1 March 2007, Pedro Cintas *This is a delightful (beautiful?) book that deserves a wide audience......The book contains ten chapters that do more than describe individual experiments; they put it in the context of contemporary thought and attitudes and the characters of the chemists themselves.It should be read by A-level students to put their learning in context and by undergraduates to examine the experimental process....an excellent addition to Phillip Ball's growing list of popular science titles. * Physical Sciences Educational Reviews, Volume 8, Issue 2, October 2007 (Roy Lowry) *This book is particularly strong in that it is readily accessible by a general readership. It provokes you to think about how aesthetic values are related to experimental virtues. * Joachim Schummer, *I highly recommend Ball's book, which makes much of chemistry. Accessible to the nonchemist. * Bulletin for the History of Chemistry, Vol 31, Number 1 (2006) (Leo B Slater) *One of Ball's objectives is to encourage us to think about what an experiment is and what role experiments play in the evolution of science.The whole book is full of vivid characters, pointed anecdote and insightful comment, and is a delight to read. It is accessible to any reasonably well-motivated non-chemist, and would make a fine present for such a person. * Chemistry & Industry, 15th May 2006 (Martyn Berry) *It is rare for a book on chemistry to involve such feelings of awe as this one does. Elegant Solutions is an absolute delight, completely fulfilling Armstrong's words about the chemist being full of feeling. Wherever you work in chemistry, this book will have something to help you, to set you thinking, and to make you proud of your professional calling. Make sure you get a copy. * Education in Chemistry, March 2006 (John Nicholson) *Table of ContentsIntroduction: What is an Experiment? What is Beauty?; Section 1: Asking Questions of Nature; Chapter 1: How Does Your Garden Grow?; Chapter 2: An Element Compounded; Chapter 3: New Light; Chapter 4: The Marvellous Glass Balloon; Chapter 5: The Elements Came in One By One; Divertissement 1: Chemistry as Theatre; Section 2: Posing New Questions; Chapter 6: Molecules Take Shape; Divertissement 2: Myths and Romances; Chapter 7: Life and How to Make It; Chapter 8: Not So Noble; Section 3: The Art of Making Things; Chapter 9: Nature Rebuilt; Chapter 10: Plato's Molecules; Divertissement 3: Chemical Aesthetics

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Book SynopsisAnalytical techniques are powerful tools in a chemist''s armoury. Spectroscopic data and chemical information are used routinely in laboratories to follow a chemical reaction or elucidate a chemical structure. However, the sophistication of the analytical techniques used changes rapidly, hence the routinely used method of today can all too readily be superseded by the new technology of tomorrow. More Modern Chemical Techniques identifies some applications of the important chemical techniques in use today that are less well known in schools and colleges and which illustrate how chemistry is using state-of-the-art technology to push back the frontiers of the subject. Examples include: elemental analysis such as atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma techniques; separations including electrophoresis, structure determination (eg x-ray diffraction and optical microscopy); and sampling and sample preparation.Table of ContentsElemental Analysis; Separations; Structures; Sampling and sample preparation

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Book SynopsisProblem-solving is the cornerstone of all walks of scientific research. Fascinating Problems for Young Physicists attempts to clear the boundaries of seemingly abstract physical laws and their tangible effects through a step-by-step approach to physics in the world around us. It consists of 42 problems with detailed solutions, each describing a specific, interesting physical phenomenon. Each problem is further divided into questions designed to guide the reader through, encouraging engagement with and learning the physics behind the phenomenon. By solving the problems, the reader will be able to discover, for example, what the relation is between the mass of an animal and its expected lifetime, or what the efficiency limit is of wind turbines. Intended for first-year undergraduate students and interested high school students, this book develops inquiry-based scientific practice and enables students to acquire the necessary skills for applying the laws of physics to realistic situationsTable of Contents1. Human; 2. Machines; 3. Sport; 4. Nature; 5. Energy; 6. Miscellaneous; References.

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Book SynopsisThis volume details methods on several aspects of circadian research. Chapters guide readers through the latest techniques and a wide variety of daily rhythmic processes, model organisms, circadian rhythms in the SCN and in peripheral organs, and describing in vitro systems and in silico methods. Written in the format of the highly successfulMethods in Molecular Biologyseries, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge,Circadian Regulation: Methods and Protocols aims to be auseful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.Chapters 3, 4, 8, and 17 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.Table of Contents1. Sleep under Preindustrial Conditions: What We Can Learn from It Leandro Casiraghi and Horacio O. de la Iglesia 2. The structure-based molecular-docking screen against core clock proteins to identify small molecules to modulate the circadian clock Seref Gul and Ibrahim Halil Kavakli 3. Analysis of complex circadian time series data using wavelets Christoph Schmal, Gregor Mönke, and Adrián E. Granada 4. Mathematical Modeling in Circadian Rhythmicity Marta del Olmo, Saskia Grabe, and Hanspeter Herzel 5. Bioinformatics and Systems Biology of Circadian Rhythms: BIO CYCLE and CircadiOmics Muntaha Samad, Forest Agostinelli, and Pierre Baldi 6. Cell-based Phenotypic Screens to Discover Circadian Clock Modulating Compounds Megumi Hatori and Tsuyoshi Hirota 7. Methods for Assessing Circadian Rhythms and Cell Cycle in Intestinal Enteroids Miri Park, Yuhui Cao, and Christian I. Hong 8. Using ALLIGATORs to capture circadian bioluminescence Aiwei Zeng and John O’Neill 9. Studying circadian clock entrainment by hormonal signals Violetta Pilorz, Iwona Olejniczak, and Henrik Oster 10. In vitro assays for measuring intercellular coupling among peripheral circadian oscillators Anna-Marie Finger 11. Circadian control of transcriptional and metabolic rhythms in primary hepatocytes Sung Kook Chun and Selma Masri 12. Electrophysiology of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Single-Unit Recording Martha U. Gillette and Jennifer W. Mitchell 13. Anatomical Methods to Study the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Eric L. Bittman 14. Circadian analysis of rodent locomotor activity in home cages Paul Petrus 15. Recording of diurnal gene expression in peripheral organs of mice using the RT-Biolumicorder Georgia Katsioudi, Alejandro Osorio-Forero, Flore Sinturel, Claudia Hagedorn, Florian Kreppel, Ueli Schibler, and David Gatfield 16. Isolation and sorting of epidermal interfollicular stem cells for the study of circadian rhythms Paloma Solá and Valentina M. Zinna 17. Detecting circadian rhythms in human red blood cells by dielectrophoresis Andrew D. Beale, Fatima H. Labeed, Stephen J. Kitcatt, and John S. O’Neill 18. Measuring circadian neutrophil infiltration in tissues by paired whole-mount tissue-clearing and flow cytometry Tommaso Vicanolo, Andres Hidalgo, and Jose M. Adrover 19. In vivo imaging of circadian NET formation during lung injury by 4-dimensional intravital microscopy Alejandra Aroca-Crevillén, Andres Hidalgo, and Jose M. Adrover 20. Real-time measurement of energy metabolism over circadian time using indirect calorimetry-enabled metabolic cages. Kevin B. Koronowski 21. Untargeted and Targeted Circadian Metabolomics Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Flow Injection-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (FIA-ESI-MS/MS) Anna Artati, Cornelia Prehn, Dominik Lutter, and Kenneth Allen Dyar 22. Time Restricted Feeding and Caloric Restriction - two feeding regimen at the crossroad of metabolic and circadian regulation. Amandine Chaix 23. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Circadian Rhythms Kenichiro Kinouchi, Kazutoshi Miyashita, and Hiroshi Itoh 24. Fluorescent reporters for studying circadian rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster Kathyani Parasram, Daniela Bachetti, Vania Carmona-Alcocer, and Phillip Karpowicz 25. Visualization of mutant aggregates from clock neurons by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGERA) in Drosophila melanogaster Laura Delfino, Susanna Campesan, Giorgio Fedele, Edward W Green, Flaviano Giorgini, Charalambos P. Kyriacou, and Ezio Rosato 26. Methods for delivery of dsRNAi against canonical clock genes and immunocytodetection of clock proteins in crustacea. David C. Wilcockson, Lin Zhang, and Charalambos P Kyriacou 27. In vivo bioluminescence analyses of circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis thaliana using a microplate luminometer Masaaki Okada and Paloma Mas

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Book SynopsisThis book combines discursive chapters that present the latest progress in molecular biology, drug discovery, organ-tissue engineering, and related fields, with a number of descriptive chapters on methods, protocols, and case studies.Table of ContentsPart I: Molecular Genetics and Genomics 1. Gene Alterations Induced by Glutamine (Q) Encoding CAG Repeats Associated with Neurodegeneration Gundappa Saha, Sukanya Ghosh, Vikash Kumar Dubey, and Prakash Saudagar 2. Latest Trends in Nucleic Acid-Based Engineering Techniques Applied to Precision Medicine Glaucia C. Pereira 3. Nanotechnology Driven Delivery Systems in Inoculation Therapies Glaucia C. Pereira Part II: Molecular Biology in Drug Development and Therapeutics 4. Chronic Kidney Disease: Challenges in Translational Medicine Bruno Freire Botelho, André Luis Barreira, Maurilo Leite Jr., and Marcelo Marcos Morales 5. Mass Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool to Harness the Production of Secondary Plant Metabolites: The Way Forward for Drug Discovery Faheem Ahmad and Hera Nadeem 6. Assessing the Challenges of Nanotechnology-Driven Targeted Therapies: Development of Magnetically Directed Vectors for Targeted Cancer Therapies and Beyond Matthew T. Bryan Part III: Molecular, Cellular, Tissue Engineering, and AI-Based Computational Design 7. Advances in Regenerative Medicine and Biomaterials Şükran Şeker, Ayşe Eser Elçin, and Yaşar Murat Elçin 8. A Brief Review of Plant Cell Transfection, Gene Transcript Expression, and Genotypic Integration for Enhancing Compound Production Munish Sharma, Sakshi Bhushan, Deepak Sharma, Sanjana Kaul, and Manoj K. Dhar 9. A Review of Stem Cell Technology Targeting Hepatocyte Growth as an Alternative to Organ Transplantation Ernesto Goulart 10. Novel Nanotechnology-Driven Prototypes for AI-Enriched Implanted Prosthetics Following Organ Failure Glaucia C. Pereira Part IV: Methods and Protocols 11. Simplified CRISPR-Mediated DNA Editing in Multicellular Eukaryotes Ritesh Kumar, Kartikeya Tiwari, and Prakash Saudagar 12. Design of SaCas9-HF for In Vivo Gene Therapy Kartikeya Tiwari, Ritesh Kumar, and Prakash Saudagar 13. Stem Cell Technology in Organ Transplantation: A Novel Method for 3D Bioprinting Functional and Stable Liver Grafts Using Human iPS-Derived Cells Ernesto Goulart 14. In Vitro Assay for the Assessment of Oxygen Depletion Triggers in Human Cell Lines, Associated with Improving Responses to Cancer Therapy Kartikeya Tiwari, Ritesh Kumar, Gundappa Saha, and Prakash Saudagar 15. The Use of 99mTc-Labeled Stem Cells for Evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease Bianca Gutfilen, Sergio Augusto Lopes de Souza, and Marcelo Marcos Morales 16. An Automated Strategy to Handle Antigenic Variability in Immunization Protocols, Part I: Nanopore Sequencing of Infectious Agent Variants Glaucia C. Pereira 17. An Automated Strategy to Handle Antigenic Variability in Immunization Protocols, Part II: In Vitro Transcribed mRNA Vector Design for Inoculation Against Infectious Agent Variants Glaucia C. Pereira

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Book SynopsisThe standard model brings together two theories of particle physics in order to describe the interactions of subatomic particles, except those due to gravity. This 2006 book uses the standard model as a vehicle for introducing quantum field theory and also introduces much of the phenomenology on which this model is based.Trade Review"An elegant and complete treatment of the Standard Model at tree level... The first good, modern treatment of the Standard Model, in a format suited for a one or two semester course on particle physics for beginning or graduate students." Daniel N. Kabat, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsList of illustrations; List of tables; Preface; Acknowledgments; Part I. Theoretical Framework: 1. Field theory review; 2. The standard model: general features; 3. Cross sections and lifetimes; Part II. Applications: Leptons: 4. Elementary boson decays; 5. Leptonic weak interactions: decays; 6. Leptonic weak interactions: collisions; 7. Effective Lagrangians; Part III. Applications: Hadrons: 8. Hadrons and QCD; 9. Hadronic interactions; Part IV. Beyond the Standard Model: 10. Neutrino masses; 11. Open questions, proposed solutions; Appendix A. Experimental values for the parameters; Appendix B. Symmetries and group theory review; Appendix C. Lorentz group and the Dirac algebra; Appendix D. ξ-gauge Feynman rules; Appendix E. Metric convention conversion table; Select bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisListening to whales, dolphins and porpoises allows us to detect these elusive animals. Using a systematic approach, scientists can gain an overview of populations of acoustically active species. Zimmer provides a comprehensive knowledge base, ideally suited to assist students and marine mammal researchers develop and implement passive acoustic monitoring systems.Trade Review'This book is unusual in that it combines underwater acoustics, signal processing and ecology in practical applications of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) to both marine mammals and anthropogenic noise … also sets the benchmark for a similar approach to PAM in air … Two useful practical aspects of the book make PAM more accessible … First, explicit description and examples of the use of the programme MatLab clarify the processing underlying PAM. Second, detailed discussion of the hardware and software requirements increase the chances of successful deployment … a must-read … Anyone with an interest in marine mammals, whether this interest is in acoustics, ecology, behaviour or conservation, will gain an insight into the important role of sound in the life of marine mammals and how sound can give a much-needed, yet unobtrusive, window on the marine world.' Peter McGregor, Cornwall College'Sound is the medium of choice to sense things in the ocean. Cetaceans evolved acoustic senses to take advantage of ocean sound, but even a decade ago, humans required a ship full of electronics to do so. Now all a student needs is a laptop connected to some hydrophones. Zimmer's book is the first to provide the critical knowledge to enable you to understand the methods required to detect, classify, locate and track marine mammal vocalizations. It is a must have for anyone interested in this growing research area.' Peter L. Tyack, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution'I … believe that one cannot fully understand acoustics without understanding physics, and one cannot understand physics without calculus. So, biologists who want to make important contributions to this exciting new field of research would do well to become proficient in both. Working through this book is probably the best way for a student of PAM to become proficient in the relevant aspects of these fields.' Marine Mammal Science'This book provides an invaluable, cutting-edge, analytical foundation that will have immediate benefits to those applying passive acoustic tools and analyses in these areas … this hands-on volume is clearly a major contribution to the field and must be regarded as required reading for those using passive listening methods to study these amazing acoustic animals and mitigate the effects of human activities on wild populations.' Brandon L. Southall, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; Introduction; Part I. Underwater Acoustics (The Basics): 1. Principles of underwater sound; 2. Cetacean sounds; 3. Sonar equation; Part II. Signal Processing (Designing the Tools): 4. Detection methods; 5. Classification methods; 6. Localisation and tracking; Part III. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (Putting It All Together): 7. Applications of PAM; 8. Detection functions; 9. Simulating sampling strategies; 10. PAM systems; 11. References and literature; Index.

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Book SynopsisDescribes new state-of-the-science tools and their contribution to industrial R&D With contributions from leading international experts in the field, this book explains how scanning probe microscopy is used in industry, resulting in improved product formulation, enhanced processes, better quality control and assurance, and new business opportunities. Readers will learn about the use of scanning probe microscopy to support R&D efforts in the semiconductor, chemical, personal care product, biomaterial, pharmaceutical, and food science industries, among others. Scanning Probe Microscopy in Industrial Applications emphasizes nanomechanical characterization using scanning probe microscopy. The first half of the book is dedicated to a general overview of nanomechanical characterization methods, offering a complete practical tutorial for readers who are new to the topic. Several chapters include worked examples of useful calculations such as using Hertz mechanicTable of ContentsContributors List xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xix 1. Overview of Atomic Force Microscopy 1 Dalia G. Yablon 1.1 A Word on Nomenclature 2 1.2 Atomic Force Microscopy—The Appeal to Industrial R&D 2 1.3 Mechanical Properties 5 1.4 Overview of AFM Operation 6 1.5 Nanomechanical Methods Surveyed in Book 11 1.6 Industries Represented 13 Acknowledgments 14 References 14 2. Understanding the Tip–Sample Contact: An Overview of Contact Mechanics from the Macro- to the Nanoscale 15 Tevis D. B. Jacobs, C. Mathew Mate, Kevin T. Turner, and Robert W. Carpick 2.1 Hertz Equations for Elastic Contact 15 2.2 Adhesive Contacts 22 2.3 Further Extensions of Continuum Contact Mechanics Models 29 2.4 Thin Films 34 2.5 Tangential Forces 37 2.6 Application of Continuum Mechanics to Nanoscale Contacts 42 Acknowledgments 44 Appendix 2A Surface Energy and Work of Adhesion 44 References 45 3. Understanding Surface Forces Using Static and Dynamic Approach–Retraction Curves 49 Sudharsan Balasubramaniam, Daniel Kiracofe, and Arvind Raman 3.1 Tip–Sample Interaction Forces 53 3.2 Static F–Z Curves 58 3.3 Dynamic Amplitude/Phase–Distance Curves 69 3.4 Brief Guide to VEDA Simulations 78 3.5 Conclusions 90 Glossary 91 References 93 4. Phase Imaging 95 Dalia G. Yablon and Greg Haugstad 4.1 Introduction 95 4.2 Bistability: Attractive and Repulsive Mode 97 4.3 Complications in Phase Quantification 107 References 113 5. Dynamic Contact AFM Methods for Nanomechanical Properties 115 Donna C. Hurley and Jason P. Killgore 5.1 Introduction 115 5.2 Force Modulation Microscopy (FMM) 121 5.3 Contact Resonance (CR) Techniques 125 5.4 Comparison of FMM and CR-FM 136 5.5 Other Dynamic Contact Approaches 138 5.6 Summary and Conclusions 140 Acknowledgments 141 Appendix 5A Data Analysis Procedure for Contact Resonance Spectroscopy Measurements 141 References 145 6. Guide to Best Practices for AFM Users 150 Greg Haugstad 6.1 Force–Distance Measurements—Instrumental Sources of Nonideality 151 6.2 Force–Distance Measurements—Physical Sources of Nonideality 157 References 161 7. Nanoindentation Measurements of Mechanical Properties of Very Thin Films and Nanostructured Materials at High Spatial Resolution 162 Steve J. Bull 7.1 Introduction 162 7.2 Bulk Materials 163 7.3 Coatings 176 7.4 Conclusions 188 Acknowledgments 188 References 188 8. Scanning Probe Microscopy for Critical Measurements in the Semiconductor Industry 190 Johann Foucher 8.1 Introduction 190 8.2 Critical Dimension in the Semiconductor Industry 191 8.3 CD Metrology Techniques for Production 192 8.4 Obtaining Accurate CD in the Semiconductor Industry 194 8.5 Hybrid Metrology as a Final Solution to Overcome CD-AFM, CD-SEM, and Scatterometry Intrinsic Limitations 203 8.6 Conclusion 208 References 208 9. Atomic Force Microscopy of Polymers 210 Andy H. Tsou and Dalia G. Yablon 9.1 Introduction 210 9.2 Tapping Phase AFM 213 9.3 Nanoindentation 217 9.4 Force Modulation 218 9.5 Pulsed Force Imaging 219 9.6 Force–Volume AFM 220 9.7 HarmoniX and Peak Force QNM Imaging 222 9.8 Summary 227 References 229 10. Unraveling Links between Food Structure and Function with Probe Microscopy 232 A. Patrick Gunning and Victor J. Morris 10.1 Introduction 232 10.2 Gels and Thickeners: Molecular Networks 236 10.3 Emulsions and Foams: Protein–Surfactant Competition 238 10.4 Interfacial Structure and Digestion: Designer Interfaces 241 10.5 Force Spectroscopy: Model Emulsions 244 10.6 Force Spectroscopy: Origins of Bioactivity 247 10.7 Conclusions 248 References 249 11. Microcantilever Sensors for Petrochemical Applications 251 Alan M. Schilowitz 11.1 Introduction 251 11.2 Background 252 11.3 Applications 257 11.4 Conclusion 266 References 267 12. Applications of Scanning Probe Methods in Cosmetic Science 270 Gustavo S. Luengo and Anthony Galliano 12.1 Introduction 270 12.2 Substrates of Cosmetics 271 12.3 Mechanical Properties and Modifications by Cosmetic Products 274 12.4 Scanning Probe Technologies Adapted to Cosmetic Science 275 12.5 Conclusions 285 References 285 13. Applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy and Nanomechanical Analysis in Pharmaceutical Development 287 Matthew S. Lamm 13.1 Introduction 287 13.2 Applications of SPM Imaging 288 13.3 SPM as a Screening Tool 291 13.4 Applications of Nanoindentation 293 13.5 Conclusion 299 Acknowledgments 299 References 300 14. Comparative Nanomechanical Study of Multiharmonic Force Microscopy and Nanoindentation on Low Dielectric Constant Materials 302 Katharine Walz, Robin King, Willi Volksen, Geraud Dubois, Jane Frommer, and Kumar Virwani 14.1 Introduction 302 14.2 Experimental 308 14.3 Results and Discussions 311 14.4 Conclusions 319 Acknowledgments 320 References 320 15. Nanomechanical Characterization of Biomaterial Surfaces: Polymer Coatings That Elute Drugs 323 Klaus Wormuth and Greg Haugstad 15.1 Introduction 323 15.2 Materials and Methods 325 15.3 Dexamethasone in PBMA or PBMA–PLMA Polymer Blends 327 15.4 Simvastatin in PEO–PBT Copolymers 337 15.5 Concluding Comments 340 Acknowledgments 341 References 341 Index 342

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Book SynopsisA lab manual for the General Chemistry course, Beran has been popular for the past nine editions because of its broad selection of experiments, clear layout, and design. Containing enough material for two or three terms, this lab manual emphasizes chemical principles as well as techniques.Table of ContentsPreface iii Laboratory Safety and Guidelines 1 Data Documentation 5 Data Analysis 9 Laboratory Techniques 17 Experiments A. Introduction Dry Lab 1 The Laboratory and SI 43 Experiment 1 Basic Laboratory Operations 51 B. Chemical and Physical Properties Experiment 2 Identification of a Compound: Chemical Properties 59 Experiment 3 Water Analysis: Solids 67 Experiment 4 Paper Chromatography 75 Experiment 5 Percent Water in a Hydrated Salt 85 Dry Lab 2A Inorganic Nomenclature I. Oxidation Numbers 91 Dry Lab 2B Inorganic Nomenclature II. Binary Compounds 94 Dry Lab 2C Inorganic Nomenclature III. Ternary Compounds 98 Experiment 6 Acids, Bases, and Salts, 103 C. Mole Concept Experiment 7 Empirical Formulas 115 Experiment 8 Limiting Reactant 123 Experiment 9 A Volumetric Analysis 133 Experiment 10 Vinegar Analysis 143 D. Atomic and Molecular Structure Experiment 11 Periodic Table and Periodic Law 149 Dry Lab 3 Atomic and Molecular Structure 161 E. Gases Experiment 12 Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid 173 Experiment 13 A Carbonate Analysis; Molar Volume of Carbon Dioxide 181 F. Solutions Experiment 14 Molar Mass of a Solid 189 Experiment 15 Synthesis of Potassium Alum 199 G. Acid-Base Equilibria and Analysis Experiment 16 LeChâtelier’s Principle; Buffers 207 Experiment 17 Antacid Analysis 219 Experiment 18 Potentiometric Analyses 227 Experiment 19 Aspirin Synthesis and Analysis 237 Experiment 20 Alkalinity of a Water Resource 245 Experiment 21 Hard Water Analysis 255 Experiment 22 Molar Solubility, Common-Ion Effect 263 H. Kinetics Experiment 23 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates 271 Experiment 24 A Rate Law and Activation Energy 281 I. Thermodynamics Experiment 25 Calorimetry 293 Experiment 26 Thermodynamics of the Dissolution of Borax 305 J. Oxidation-Reduction Systems and Analysis Experiment 27 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 315 Experiment 28 Chemistry of Copper 323 Experiment 29 Bleach Analysis 331 Experiment 30 Vitamin C Analysis 341 Experiment 31 Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Natural Waters 349 Experiment 32 Galvanic Cells, the Nernst Equation 357 Experiment 33 Electrolytic Cells, Avogadro’s Number 369 K. Transition Metal Systems and Analysis Experiment 34 An Equilibrium Constant 377 Experiment 35 Spectrophotometric Metal Ion Analysis 389 Experiment 36 Transition Metal Complexes 397 L. Qualitative Analysis Dry Lab 4 Preface to Qualitative Analysis 409 Experiment 37 Qual: Common Anions 413 Experiment 38 Qual I. Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+ 423 Experiment 39 Qual II. Ni2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+ 433 Appendixes Appendix A Conversion Factors 441 Appendix B Familiar Names of Common Chemicals 442 Appendix C Vapor Pressure of Water 444 Appendix D Concentrations of Acids and Bases 445 Appendix E Water Solubility of Inorganic Salts 446

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Book SynopsisThe go-to resource for microscopists on biological applications of field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM) The evolution of scanning electron microscopy technologies and capability over the past few years has revolutionized the biological imaging capabilities of the microscopegiving it the capability to examine surface structures of cellular membranes to reveal the organization of individual proteins across a membrane bilayer and the arrangement of cell cytoskeleton at a nm scale. Most notable are their improvements for field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM), which when combined with cryo-preparation techniques, has provided insight into a wide range of biological questions including the functionality of bacteria and viruses. This full-colour, must-have book for microscopists traces the development of the biological field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM) and highlights its current value in biological research aTrade ReviewSince the first commercial SEM (scanning electron microscope) was produced by Cambridge Instruments in 1965, the resolution,image contrast, and operability have improved dramatically which have turned field emission SEM into an increasingly valuable tool in the life science community. The challenge of life science microscopy is to provide the structural information for the correlation of structure and function in complex biological systems. For this reason, this two-volume edition comes as a welcome addition to the biologist’s library, since they encompass all the information needed to approach life science FEG SEM imaging challenges, including detailed descriptions of the instrumentation and analytical techniques currently available in the field. There are many features of this edition that make it a useful resource for both the beginner and more advanced microscopist. First, the two volumes are composed of 31 self-contained chapters, each written by leading authorities on these subjects. Secondly, the chapters are richly illustrated and most chapters are complemented with a comprehensive, valuable, and up-to-date list of references. Accordingly, the user who seeks to purchase new equipment or select the appropriate technique will find useful information in both volumes. In the initial nine chapters of vol. 1, the reader is given a comprehensive historical review and introduction to the possibilities of the current technology—choice of microscopy method and specimen preparation as well as cryo and room temperature options—edited by representatives from the major companies in the field. The three last chapters of vol. 1 are dedicated to a review of specimen preparation methods—chemical fixation and cryo methods—which are a must-read for any scientist in this field. In vol. 2 in the first five chapters, the reader is introduced to more special applications and results of the techniques, spanning from pathology and infectious diseases, plant cell wall and nuclear envelope, yeast cell to food research. The three following chapters focus on cryo-FEGSEM in biology, preparation protocols of vitrified cells for cryo-FIB microscopy, and ESEM (environmental scanning electron microscopy) including many valuable tips and tricks. Opportunities for "Life in 3D" research are described in great detail with chapters on Correlative Array Tomography and the Automatic Tape Collection Microtome followed by chapters on FIB-SEM for Biomaterials, FIB-SEM tomography, and 3D FEGSEM as a tool for structural biology. Vol. 2 is concluded with three chapters on image post-processing and resource management, which are relevant to all scientists—not just FEG SEM microscopists. In conclusion, I highly recommend Biological Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy to anybody who wishes to implement and/or improve an available technology or method. This two-volume edition allows the reader to contemplate how to use existing equipment with some minor adjustments or simple application of sample preparation and analytical tools. Furthermore, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest imaging technologies available in the field and should therefore be invaluable to any researcher who wishes to find a discussion of all these techniques and applications under one umbrella.—Microscopy and Microanalysis (2020)Klaus Qvortrup, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Institute, DenmarkTable of ContentsAbout the Editors xix List of Contributors xxi Foreword xxv 1 Scanning Electron Microscopy: Theory, History and Development of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope 1David C. Joy 2 Akashi Seisakusho Ltd – SEM Development 1972–1986 7Michael F. Hayles 3 Development of FE-SEM Technologies for Life Science Fields 25Mitsugu Sato, Mami Konomi, Ryuichiro Tamochi and Takeshi Ishikawa 4 A History of JEOL Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes with Reference to Biological Applications 53Kazumichi Ogura and Andrew Yarwood 5 TESCAN Approaches to Biological Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 79Jaroslav Jiruše, Vratislav Košˇtál and Bohumila Lencová 6 FEG-SEM for Large Volume 3D Structural Analysis in Life Sciences 103Ben Lich, Faysal Boughorbel, Pavel Potocek and Emine Korkmaz 7 ZEISS Scanning Electron Microscopes for Biological Applications 117Isabel Angert, Christian Böker, Martin Edelman, Stephan Hiller, Arno Merkle and Dirk Zeitler 8 SEM Cryo-Stages and Preparation Chambers 143Robert Morrison 9 Cryo–SEM Specimen Preparation Workflows from the Leica Microsystems Design Perspective 167Guenter P. Resch 10 Chemical Fixation 191Bruno M. Humbel, Heinz Schwarz, Erin M. Tranfield and Roland A. Fleck 11 A Brief Review of Cryobiology with Reference to Cryo Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy 223Roland A. Fleck, Eyal Shimoni and Bruno M. Humbel 12 High-Resolution Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Complexes 265Sebastian Tacke, Falk Lucas, Jeremy D. Woodward, Heinz Gross and Roger Wepf 13 FESEM in the Examination of Mammalian Cells and Tissues 299Andrew Forge, Anwen Bullen and Ruth Taylor 14 Public Health/Pharmaceutical Research – Pathology and Infectious Disease 311Paul A. Gunning and Bärbel Hauröder 15 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy in Cell Biology Featuring the Plant Cell Wall and Nuclear Envelope 343Martin W. Goldberg 16 Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy in Yeast Cells 363Masako Osumi 17 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy in Food Research 385Johan Hazekamp and Marjolein van Ruijven 18 Cryo-FEGSEM in Biology 397Paul Walther 19 Preparation of Vitrified Cells for TEM by Cryo-FIB Microscopy 415Yoshiyuki Fukuda, Andrew Leis and Alexander Rigort 20 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy 439Rudolph Reimer, Dennis Eggert and Heinrich Hohenberg 21 Correlative Array Tomography 461Thomas Templier and Richard H.R. Hahnloser 22 The Automatic Tape Collection UltraMicrotome (ATUM) 485Anwen Bullen 23 SBEM Techniques 495Christel Genoud 24 FIB-SEM for Biomaterials 517Lucille A. Giannuzzi 25 New Opportunities for FIB/SEM EDX in Nanomedicine: Cancerogenesis Research 533Damjana Drobne, Sara Novak, Andreja Erman and Goran Draži´c 26 FIB-SEM Tomography of Biological Samples: Explore the Life in 3D 545Caroline Kizilyaprak, Damien De Bellis, Willy Blanchard, Jean Daraspe and Bruno M. Humbel 27 Three-Dimensional Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy as a Tool for Structural Biology 567J.D. Woodward and R.A. Wepf 28 Element Analysis in the FEGSEM: Application and Limitations for Biological Systems 589Alice Warley and Jeremy N. Skepper 29 Image and Resource Management in Microscopy in the Digital Age 611Patrick Schwarb, Anwen Bullen, Dean Flanders, Maria Marosvölgyi, Martyn Winn, Urs Gomez and Roland A. Fleck 30 Part 1: Optimizing the Image Output: Tuning the SEM Parameters for the Best Photographic Results 625Oliver Meckes and Nicole Ottawa 31 A Synoptic View on Microstructure: Multi-Detector Colour Imaging, nanoflight® 659Stefan Diller Index 679

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Book SynopsisThe definitive guide to the principles and practice of experimental organic chemistry - fully updated and now featuring more than 100 experiments The latest edition of this popular guide to experimental organic chemistry takes students from their first day in the laboratory right through to complex research procedures.Table of ContentsAbout the authors ix Preface to the third edition xi About the companion website xv PART 1: LABORATORY PRACTICE 1 1 Safety in the chemical laboratory 3 1.1 Essential rules for laboratory safety 4 1.2 Hazardous chemicals 7 1.3 Disposal of hazardous waste 11 1.4 Accident procedures 12 2 Glassware and equipment in the laboratory 15 2.1 Glass equipment 16 2.2 Hardware 21 2.3 Heating 24 2.4 Stirring 30 2.5 Vacuum pumps 32 2.6 The rotary evaporator 42 2.7 Catalytic hydrogenation 46 2.8 Ozonolysis 48 2.9 Irradiation 50 2.10 Compressed gases 54 3 Organic reactions: From starting materials to pure organic product 61 3.1 Handling chemicals 62 3.2 The reaction 81 3.3 Purification of organic compounds 105 4 Qualitative analysis of organic compounds 185 4.1 Purity 185 4.2 Determination of structure using chemical methods 202 5 Spectroscopic analysis of organic compounds 207 5.1 Absorption spectroscopy 207 5.2 Infrared spectroscopy 209 5.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 227 5.4 Ultraviolet spectroscopy 279 5.5 Mass spectrometry 295 6 Keeping records: The laboratory notebook and chemical literature 311 6.1 The laboratory notebook 312 6.2 The research report 322 6.3 The chemical literature 327 PART 2: EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 329 Introduction 331 List of experiments 333 Experiments that can be taken in sequence 353 Experiments that can be used to compare directly different techniques for undertaking a reaction 354 Experiments that illustrate particular techniques 354 7 Functional group interconversions 355 7.1 Simple transformations 355 7.2 Reactions of alkenes 366 7.3 Substitution 386 7.4 Reduction 390 7.5 Oxidation 424 7.6 Rearrangements 436 8 Carbon–carbon bond]forming reactions 443 8.1 Grignard and organolithium reagents 444 8.2 Enolate anions 456 8.3 Heteroatom]stabilized carbanions 484 8.4 Aromatic electrophilic substitution 504 8.5 Pericyclic reactions 514 8.6 Metal]mediated coupling reactions 534 9 Experiments using enabling technologies 545 9.1 Microwave chemistry 545 9.2 Flow chemistry 554 10 Projects 569 10.1 Natural product isolation and identification 569 10.2 Project in organic synthesis 578 10.3 Aspects of physical organic chemistry 608 APPENDICES 627 Organic solvents 629 Spectroscopic correlation tables 635 Index of chemicals 649 General index 657

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Book Synopsis* Published as part of the prestigious Wiley-Blackwell UFAW Animal Welfare series. * A complete and balanced overview of the issues surrounding the use of animals in scientific research, with a focus on animal welfare implications and ethics of animals in research.Trade Review“To me, overall this is a very good book that provides a balanced view of the issues around animal welfare. It is a good read.” (Laboratory Animal Practitioner, 1 May 2015) “This book is geared toward members of institutional animal care and use committees, researchers, and veterinarians and is a practical guide for discussions pertaining to the welfare of animals used in research.” (JAVMA, 15 December 2014) “To me, overall this is a very good book that provides a balanced view of the issues around animal welfare. It is a good read.” (Laboratory Animal Practitioner, 1 October 2014) “Overall, the factual description of how animals are used in research balanced by the author’s personal experiences and perspective makes this book highly readable. ‘The Welfare of Animals used in Research’ is a great addition, which will be essential reading for those working with laboratory animals and of general interest to those new to the field.” (Veterinary Record, 12 July 2014)"Overall, this book is a welcome arrival to a debate that is too often split between misrepresentative arguments recycled from activist websites on one side and defensive responses dumbing down the complexity of scientific discovery on the other. I recommend it to anyone who believes the debate over animal research is of sufficient importance to be worth being well-informed." (Australian Veterinary Journal, 7 July 2016)Table of ContentsForeword vii Preface ix Dedication and Acknowledgements xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Reasons for Using Animals in Research 1 1.2 Where Animal Research is Carried Out 3 1.3 Numbers of Animals Used 4 1.4 Harmful and Harmless Research 6 1.5 How Much Suffering is Caused by Research? 7 1.6 Attitudes to Animal Experimentation 9 1.7 The Moral Imperative 18 1.8 Trust in the System 22 2 The Use of Legislative and Other Controls on Animal Research to Meet Public Expectations and Improve Animal Welfare 26 2.1 Introduction 26 2.2 Levels of Control 29 2.3 Scope of Controls 37 2.4 Systems for Ethical Review and Authorisation 42 2.5 Performance and Engineering Standards 45 2.6 Roles and Responsibility 50 2.7 Legislation and Licences 51 2.8 Enforcement and Failure to Comply 52 3 Animal Rights and Animal Welfare: Philosophy and Science 58 3.1 Introduction 58 3.2 Animal Rights and Animal Welfare: Making a Distinction 59 3.3 Animal Welfare Science 63 3.4 Funding and Promoting Animal Welfare Research 85 3.5 The Benefits of Animal Welfare Science 86 4 Species Choice and Animal Welfare 88 4.1 Introduction 88 4.2 Consciousness/Sentience: Evidence for Protecting Particular Taxa 89 4.3 Are Some Species Capable of Suffering More Than Others? Neurological Complexity and Capacity to Suffer 104 4.4 Beastly Bias in Practice 108 4.5 An Evolutionary Approach to Assessing Suffering 120 5 The Harm–Benefit Judgement 123 5.1 Introduction 123 5.2 Who Should Be Involved? 126 5.3 Factors To Be Considered in Harm–Benefit Decisions 129 5.4 Decision Tools 154 5.5 The Requirement for Ethical Review 157 6 Improving the Welfare of Animals Used in Research: The 3Rs 159 6.1 Introduction: The Origins of the 3Rs 159 6.2 Replacement 163 6.3 Reduction 169 6.4 Refinement 175 6.5 Conflicts Between the 3Rs 201 6.6 Training 202 6.7 Sources of Information on the 3Rs 203 7 Science and Animal Welfare: A Partnership 205 7.1 Replacement Methods: Scientific and Other Advantages 205 7.2 Reduction: Scientific and Other Advantages 209 7.3 Refinement: Scientific and Other Advantages 210 7.4 Changes in Laboratory Animal Science and Challenges for the Future? 219 7.5 Maintaining the Momentum 223 7.6 Conclusion 224 References 226 Glossary 259 Index 262

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Book SynopsisQuantitative bioimaging is a broad interdisciplinary field that exploits tools from biology, chemistry, optics, and statistical data analysis for the design and implementation of investigations of biological processes. Instead of adopting the traditional approach of focusing on just one of the component disciplines, this textbook provides a unique introduction to quantitative bioimaging that presents all of the disciplines in an integrated manner. The wide range of topics covered include basic concepts in molecular and cellular biology, relevant aspects of antibody technology, instrumentation and experimental design in fluorescence microscopy, introductory geometrical optics and diffraction theory, and parameter estimation and information theory for the analysis of stochastic data.Key Features include: Comprises four parts, the first of which provides an overview of the topics that are developed from fundamental principles to more advanced levels in the other paTable of Contents1. Introduction, Then and Now 2. Introduction to Two Problems in Cellular Biology 3. Basics of Microscopy Techniques 4. Introduction to Image Formation and Analysis 5. From genes to proteins 6. Antibodies 7. Cloning of genes for protein expression 8. Principles of Fluorescence 9. Cells 10. Microscope Designs 11. Microscopy Experiments 12. Detectors 13. Geometrical Optics 14. Diffraction 15. From Photons to Image: Data Models 16. Parameter Estimation 17. Fisher Information and Cramér–Rao Lower Bound 18. Localizing Objects and Single Molecules in Two Dimensions 19. Localizing Objects and Single Molecules in Three Dimensions 20. Resolution 21. Deconvolution 22. Spatial Statistics. Online Appendices.

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Book SynopsisIt shows how scientists have used sonic skillsskills required for making, recording, storing, retrieving, and listening to soundin ensembles: sets of instruments and techniques for particular situations of knowledge making.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements.- 1. Listening for Knowledge: Introduction.- 2. Sonic Signs: Turning to, Talking about and Transcribing Sound.- 3. Modes of Listening: Why, How and to What?.- 4. Resounding Contestation: The Ambiguous Status of Sonic Skills.- 5. Popping Up: The Continual Return of Sound and Listening.- 6. Ensembles of Sonic Skills: Conclusions.- References.

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Book SynopsisChemoinformatics draws upon techniques from many disciplines including computer science, mathematics, computational chemistry and data visualisation to tackle these problems.Trade ReviewThis is a rather remarkable little book. Just as its title promises, it provides an introduction to a very wide variety of chemoinformatic and CADD topics. Allthough the book is written for beginning graduate students and advanced undergraduates, it could certainly provide a very helpful overview for professionals with no prior knowledge of the subject matter. Robert S. Pearlman, University of Texas at Austin. J.Am. Chem. Soc., Vol 126, No. 4, 2004.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1: Representation and Manipulation of 2D Molecular Structures. 1. Introduction. 2. Computer Representations of Chemical Structures. 3. Structure Searching. 4. Substructure Searching. 5. Reaction Databases. 6. The Representation of Patents and Patent Databases. 7. Relational Database Systems. 8. Summary. 2: Representation and Manipulation of 3D Molecular Structures. 1. Introduction. 2. Experimental 3D databases. 3. 3D Pharmacophores. 4. Implementation of 3D database Searching. 5. Theoretical 3D Databases. 6. Methods to Derive 3D Pharmacophores. 7. Applications of 3D Pharmacophore Mapping and 3D Database Searching. 8. Summary. 3: Molecular Descriptors. 1. Introduction. 2. Descriptors Calculated from the 2D Structure. 3. Descriptors Based on 3D Representations. 4. Data Verification and Manipulation. 5. Summary. 4: Computational Models. 1. Introduction. 2. Historical Overview. 3. Deriving a QSAR Equation: Simple and Multiple Linear Regression. 4. Designing a QSAR 'Experiment'. 5. Principal Components Regression. 6. Partial Least Squares. 7. Molecular Field Analysis and Partial Least Squares. 8. Summary. 5: Similarity Methods. 1. Introduction. 2. Similarity Based on 2D Fingerprints. 3. Similarity Coefficients. 4. Other 2D Descriptor Methods. 5. 3D Similarity. 6. Summary. 6: Selecting Diverse SetsOf Compounds. 1. Introduction. 2. Cluster Analysis. 3. Dissimilarity-Based selection methods. 4. Cell-Based Methods. 5. Optimisation Methods. 6. Comparison and Evaluation of Selection Methods. 7. Summary. 7: Analysis of High-Throughput Screening Data. 1. Introduction. 2. Data Visualisation. 3. Data Mining Methods. 4. Summary. 8: Virtual Screening. 1. Introduction. 2. 'Drug-Likeness' and Compound Filters. 3. Structure-Based Virtual Screening. 4. The Prediction of ADMET Properties. 5. Summary. 9: Combinatorial Chemistry and Library Design. 1. Introduction. 2. Diverse and Focussed Libraries. 3. Library Enumeration. 4. Combinatorial Library Design Strategies. 5. Approaches to Product-Based Library Design. 6. Multiobjective Library Design. 7. Practical Examples of Library Design. 8. Summary. Appendix 1: Matrices, Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues. Appendix 2: Conformation, Energy Calculations and Energy Surfaces. Further Reading. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisDiffusion of Innovation Theory and Integrated Pest Management.- Evaluation Research: Methodologies for Evaluation of IPM Programs.- Protocol for Economic Impact Evaluation of IPM Programs.- Economic Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Programs.- Eliciting Farmer Knowledge, Attitudes, and~Practices in the Development of Integrated Pest Management Programs for Rice in Asia.- Implementing Integrated Pest Management in Developing and Developed Countries.- Moving On: Farmer Education in Integrated Insect Pest and Disease Management.- Impact of IPM Extension for Smallholder Farmers in the Tropics.- Impact of IPM Programs in Asian Agriculture.- Evolutionary Revolution: Implementing and Disseminating IPM in Indonesia.- Principles and Methods of Rice Lepidopteroid Pest and its Enemy Management (PEM) Program in North Vietnam.- Challenges of Integrated Pest Management in Sub-Saharan Africa.- Evaluating Dissemination and Impact of IPM: Lessons from Case Studies of Potato and Sweetpotato IPM iTable of ContentsDiffusion of Innovation Theory and Integrated Pest Management.- Evaluation Research: Methodologies for Evaluation of IPM Programs.- Protocol for Economic Impact Evaluation of IPM Programs.- Economic Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Programs.- Eliciting Farmer Knowledge, Attitudes, and~Practices in the Development of Integrated Pest Management Programs for Rice in Asia.- Implementing Integrated Pest Management in Developing and Developed Countries.- Moving On: Farmer Education in Integrated Insect Pest and Disease Management.- Impact of IPM Extension for Smallholder Farmers in the Tropics.- Impact of IPM Programs in Asian Agriculture.- Evolutionary Revolution: Implementing and Disseminating IPM in Indonesia.- Principles and Methods of Rice Lepidopteroid Pest and its Enemy Management (PEM) Program in North Vietnam.- Challenges of Integrated Pest Management in Sub-Saharan Africa.- Evaluating Dissemination and Impact of IPM: Lessons from Case Studies of Potato and Sweetpotato IPM in Peru and Other Latin American Countries.- Integrated Pest Management in Europe – History, Policy, Achievements and Implementation.- IPM Programs in Commonwealth of Independent States and Russia.- Dissemination and Impact of IPM Programs in US Agriculture.- Advances with Integrated Pest Management as a Component of Sustainable Agriculture: The Case of the Australian Cotton Industry.- Impact of IPM and Transgenics in the Chinese Agriculture.- Can Transgenic Crops and IPM Be Compatible?.- Integrated Pest Management, Biofuels, and a New Green Revolution: A Case Study of the American Midwest.

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Book Synopsis* Gives specific worked examples from the main ecosystems used for undergraduate study -- seashore, lakes/ponds, field and woodland. * Only introductory text specifically focused on field techniques. * Great a how--toa guide that will show student exactly how to carry out each method.Trade Review"A valuable manual for field workers in ecology. It is well thought out, identifying common pitfalls facing novice researchers." J Burger, Rutgers, CHOICE, October 2003 "This is an excellent book...There can be few teachers and practically no students who would not benefit from consulting Henderson's book." Journal of Biological Education, Winter 2005Table of Contents1. Estimating absolute population number by sampling a unit of habitat. 2. Estimating absolute population size - Mark-recapture estimates. 3. Distance sampling methods for absolute population estimation. 4. Removal sampling to estimate absolute population size. 5. Comparing the magnitude of populations - relative methods. 6. Population indices. 7. Alpha diversity and spcies richness

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Book SynopsisThis guide covers aspects of designing microarray experiments and analysing the data generated, including information on some of the tools that are available from non-commercial sources. Concepts and principles underpinning gene expression analysis are emphasised and wherever possible, the mathematics has been simplified. The guide is intended for use by graduates and researchers in bioinformatics and the life sciences and is also suitable for statisticians who are interested in the approaches currently used to study gene expression. Microarrays are an automated way of carrying out thousands of experiments at once, and allows scientists to obtain huge amounts of information very quickly Short, concise text on this difficult topic area Clear illustrations throughout Written by well-known teachers in the subject Provides insight into how to analyse the data produced from microarrays Trade Review"Quite a few recently published books discuss analysis of microarray gene expression data for beginners. Microarray Gene Expression Data Analysis ... is arguably the best of its kind in this regard." Terry Speed, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Nature Cell Biology, December 2003 "Overall this is an excellent book, it is well referenced and, to my mind, covers the vast majority of issues an experimenter needs to consider when venturing into the world of microarray data analysis. The book fills a clear gap in the field, providing a rigorous overview of the often confusing .... data analysis issues that most books on microarrays avoid or treat in a cursory way. I would say it is essential reading for any laboratory or researcher active in this rapidly evolving field and is recommended for the mathematician or statisitican who is interested in the field or who has been persuaded by their biologist colleague to help them with their analysis." Steven Russell, University of Cambridge, Genetical Research, February 2003 "Anyone wishing to gain a basic understanding of microarray gene expression studies will come away enriched ... A good and accessible entry point for any biologist who is interested in getting an overview about how to perform microarray gene expression studies." D.C.Jamison, George Mason University, Heredity, June 2004Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Part I: Introduction:. 1. What Are Microarrays?. 2. Use Of Icroarrays To Monitor Gene Expression. 3. Other Uses For Microarrays. 4. Challenges Associated With The Generation Of Large Amounts Of Complex Data. 5. Future Directions. Part II: Aspects Of Experimental Design:. 6. Features Of Microarray Data. 7. Designing The Best Experiment. 8. Preparation of Target. 9. Design of Spotted Arrays. 10. Hybridisation. 11. Long Term Considerations. 12. Verification of Results. Part III: Data Analysis:. 13. Preliminary Processing of Data. 14. Methods for Data Analysis. 15. Graph Models. 16. Software In The Public Domain. 17. Visualisation of Data. Part IV: Glossary:. Index. Colour plates fall between pp. 84 and 85.

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Book SynopsisAnyone with even a passing interest in science will delight in this guide to the nuclear age.Trade Review"Beautifully produced. In every lavishly illustrated page, every fascinating aside (did you know, for instance, that there are more atoms in a single glass of water than there are glasses of water in all the earth's oceans?) the book demonstrates the central role of nuclear physics in our exploration of nature." (Sesame) "The authors have produced an attractive book... The relaxed, informal style is easy on the reader and the story is told in a way I find appealing." (Nuclear Physics Review)"

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Book SynopsisPerfect for do-it-yourselfers, home-schooled high school students, and college students, the Illustrated Guide to Home Physics Experiments offers a hands-on introduction to physics lab techniques and data analysis.

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Book SynopsisWith this book, you'll be ready to take on your own scientific explorations at school, work, or home.

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Book SynopsisSince its first appearance in 1941, this book has remained, through various editions and reprintings, the standard, indeed the only modern work in English in its field. This third edition, completely reset, includes descriptions of the newer devices which have come into use in upper-atmosphere sounding, electronic techniques for wind finding, thunderstorm location, and through the renewed interest in meterorological observations from aircraft. A number of new illustrations have been added.The authors have followed the pattern of the earlier editions in presenting examples found in regular weather service. Some attention has been given, however, to new techniques which, though not widely in use at the present time, show such promise as to deserve the studen'ts attention. A general treatment of the application of radar, radio direction finders, and radiosoundes to meteorology has been included.Of the previous edition the bulletin of the American Meteorological Society sa

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Book SynopsisBioCoder is a quarterly newsletter for DIYbio, synthetic bio, and anything related. You'll discover: Articles about interesting projects and experiments, such as the glowing plant Articles about tools, both those you buy and those you build Visits to DIYbio laboratories Profiles of key people in the community Announcements of events and other items of interest Safety pointers and tips about good laboratory practice Anything that's interesting or useful: you tell us! And BioCoder is free (for the time being), unless you want a dead-tree version. We'd like BioCoder to become self supporting (maybe even profitable), but we'll worry about that after we've got a few issues under our belt.

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Book SynopsisBioCoder is a quarterly newsletter for DIYbio, synthetic bio, and anything related. You ll discover: Articles about interesting projects and experiments, such as the glowing plantArticles about tools, both those you buy and those you buildVisits to DIYbio laboratoriesProfiles of key people in the communityAnnouncements of events and other items of interestSafety pointers and tips about good laboratory practiceAnything that s interesting or useful: you tell us!And BioCoder is free (for the time being), unless you want a dead-tree version. We d like BioCoder to become self supporting (maybe even profitable), but we ll worry about that after we ve got a few issues under our belt.If you d like to contribute, send email to BioCoder@oreilly.com. Tell us what you d like to do, and we ll get you started.

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Book SynopsisThis book traces the historical development of microscopy instruments from their invention to the current state of the art. New concepts and engineering solutions are presented for modern light microscopes, with a focus on the practical construction of optical systems. Real design parameters of dioptric objectives and other systems are provided to supply readers with basic information for independent designs. Full-color photomicrographs of real objects illustrate the quality of aberration correction that is required from optics.Table of Contents Non-modern Modern Microscopes Abstracts and Reviews Principles of Constructing Microscope Optics

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Book SynopsisAuthor of the best-selling book The Elements Theodore Gray demonstrates essential scientific principles through thrilling daredevil experiments. 'What a magnificent book. It's gorgeous, playful, and draws you in.' ?Adam Savage, cohost of Mythbusters 'Theodore Gray?has attained a level of near superhuman geekery that the rest of us can only mutely admire.' ?Cecil Adams, 'TheStraight Dope' 'Gray's encyclopedic knowledge and contagious enthusiasm transport us to deep intellectual realms while never sacrificing a sense of wonder and, above all, fun.' ?Oliver Sacks, author of Awakenings, Musicophilia, and Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical BoyhoodIn Mad Science, Theodore Gray launches a toy rocket using the energy released from an Oreo cookie, ignites a phosphorus sun by suspending half a gram of white phosphorus in a globe filled with pure oxygen and creates a homemade hot tub by adding 500 pounds of quicklime to water. These are just a few of the 54 experiments included in this astonishing book that demonstrates essential scientific principles in ways you were likely never exposed to in school. Every experiment in Mad Science is accompanied by full-color photographs that provide a front-row seat to rarely seen chemical reactions and glorious subatomic activity. To further enhance the hands-on experience, Gray includes step-by-step instructions for nearly every experiment. Following all of the safety guidelines, readers can even re-create some of the experiments in the book. Mad Science is the perfect book for anyone fascinated by all things chemical, electrical, or explosive, and who loves a vicarious thrill.

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Book SynopsisAuthor of the best-selling book The Elements Theodore Gray demonstrates essential scientific principles through thrilling daredevil experiments. 'What a magnificent book. It's gorgeous, playful, and draws you in.' ?Adam Savage, cohost of Mythbusters 'Theodore Gray?has attained a level of near superhuman geekery that the rest of us can only mutely admire.' ?Cecil Adams, 'TheStraight Dope' 'Gray's encyclopedic knowledge and contagious enthusiasm transport us to deep intellectual realms while never sacrificing a sense of wonder and, above all, fun.' ?Oliver Sacks, author of Awakenings, Musicophilia, and Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical BoyhoodIn Mad Science, Theodore Gray launches a toy rocket using the energy released from an Oreo cookie, ignites a phosphorus sun by suspending half a gram of white phosphorus in a globe filled with pure oxygen and creates a homemade hot tub by adding 500 pounds of quicklime to water. These are just a few of the 54 experiments included in this astonishing book that demonstrates essential scientific principles in ways you were likely never exposed to in school. Every experiment in Mad Science is accompanied by full-color photographs that provide a front-row seat to rarely seen chemical reactions and glorious subatomic activity. To further enhance the hands-on experience, Gray includes step-by-step instructions for nearly every experiment. Following all of the safety guidelines, readers can even re-create some of the experiments in the book. Mad Science is the perfect book for anyone fascinated by all things chemical, electrical, or explosive, and who loves a vicarious thrill.

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Book SynopsisBest-selling author Theodore Gray is back with all-new, spectacular experiments that demonstrate basic principles of chemistry and physics in thrilling, and memorable ways. For nearly a decade, Theodore Gray has been demonstrating basic principles of chemistry and physics through exciting, sometimes daredevil experiments that he executes, photographs, and writes about for his monthly Popular Science column 'Gray Matter.'Theo Gray's Mad Science: Experiments You Can Do at Home, But Probably Shouldn't, published by Black Dog in 2009, collected Gray's Popular Science columns, along with hundreds of photographs, many of which were not published with the original columns.Now comes the second volume of mad-scientist experiments, which includes more dramatic, enlightening, and sometimes daring demonstrations in which Gray dips his hand into molten lead to demonstrate the Leidenfrost effect; crushes a tomato between two small magnets to demonstrate the power of neodymium-iron-boron magnets; and creates trinkets out of solid mercury to demonstrate how the state of matter depends very much on the temperature at which it exists.Other experiments include:A foil boat floating on an invisible sea!DIY X-ray photos!A bacon lance that cuts steel!Charging a smart phone with apples and pennies!And dozens more!

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Book SynopsisMake your child's first forays into science fun! 52 clever and easy experiments for things that will zip, zoom, and fly, and fizz, bubble, and burst.  For children ages 4 to 8.Introduce future engineers, inventors, naturalists, and artists to the physics and chemistry, biology and ecology behind everyday play. Create chemical reactions, explore gravity and friction, transform states of matter, play with air pressure, and much more through 52 simple experiments that zip and zoom, fly and fizz, bubble and burst. Geek mom Lynn Brunelle has created an interactive guide perfect for both kids and their parents: the projects will engage children, and the informative lessons will help parents when asked the inevitable question, why? The projects include: 1. The Exploding Lunch Bag: Will you get out of the way before the vinegar and baking soda react with a fizzy burst? 2. Seed Hunt: Seek out whirly, sticky, and smooth seeds for a science-filled outdoor adventure! 3. The Marshmallow Launcher: Harness energy to fling sugary treats in the name of science. 4. And many more!

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