Science: general issues Books

Book SynopsisRichard Dawkins’s classic remains the definitive argument for our modern understanding of evolution.Trade Review"As readable and vigorous a defense of Darwinism as has been published since 1859." -- The Economist"Dawkins has done more than anyone else now writing to make evolutionary biology comprehensible and acceptable to a general audience." -- John Maynard Smith"A model of how to explain complicated ideas without dumbing them down or boring one’s readers." -- Steven Pinker - The Guardian"One of the best science books—one of the best any books—I have ever read." -- Lee Dembart - Los Angeles Times

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Book Synopsis“A surprisingly fascinating scientific consideration of humanity’s most ordinary activity.” —Ron Charles, Washington PostTrade Review"Informative and persuasive enough to rouse the most ardent couch potato." -- Jonathon Keats - New Scientist"Honest in its scope, timely in its urgency, and convincing in its presentation.… O’Mara takes what seems like a prosaic subject and reveals how fascinating and vital it truly is." -- Michael Berry - Sierra"Delightful and salient.… [O’Mara] manages to engagingly weave history, philosophy, and poetry into the scientific literature." -- M.R. O’Connor - Undark"As O’Mara makes clear, every amble is transformative. It grows brain cells, fires our muscles, unleashes our creative spirit and lifts our moods. This book could—and should—change your life." -- Florence Williams, author of The Nature Fix"A reader-friendly digest of scientific studies.… [In Praise of Walking] delivers a great deal of salutary, practicable common sense." -- Sam Sacks - Wall Street Journal"In Praise of Walking [is] a backstage tour of what happens in our brains while we perambulate. Walking makes us healthier, happier and brainier.… [O’Mara] knows this not only through personal experience, but from cold, hard data." -- Amy Fleming - Guardian"A fascinating new book that examines the multitudinous benefits of this form of locomotion." -- Lydia Slater - Harper’s Bazaar"Convincing and compelling.… In Praise of Walking is peppered with insights about everything from 19th-century poets and flâneurs to modern-day experiments with subjects playing video games in fMRI scanners." -- Helen Davies - Sunday Times"Compelling and wise, In Praise of Walking points the way to the human adventure." -- Richard Louv, author of Our Wild Calling and Last Child in the Woods"Full of insights.… An accessible and thought-provoking discussion of walking as a key to human success." -- Gina Rippon, author of The Gendered Brain

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Book SynopsisBeloved, best-selling science writer Mary Roach’s “acutely entertaining, morbidly fascinating” (Susan Adams, Forbes) classic, now with a new epilogue.Trade Review"This quirky, funny read offers perspective and insight about life, death and the medical profession.... You can close this book with an appreciation of the miracle that the human body really is." -- Tara Parker-Pope - Wall Street Journal"A laugh-out-loud funny book... one of those wonderful books that offers up enlightenment in the guise of entertainment." -- Michael Little - Washington City Paper"As weird as the book gets, Roach manages to convey a sense of respect and appreciation for her subjects." -- Roy Rivenburg - Los Angeles Times"Roach is authoritative, endlessly curious and drolly funny. Her research is scrupulous and winningly presented." -- Adam Woog - Seattle Times"Mary Roach is one of an endangered species: a science writer with a sense of humor. She is able to make macabre funny without looting death of its dignity." -- Brian Richard Boylan - Denver Post"Roach writes in an insouciant style and displays her métier in tangents about bizarre incidents in pathological history. Death may have the last laugh, but, in the meantime, Roach finds merriment in the macabre." -- Gilbert Taylor - Booklist"Acutely entertaining, morbidly fascinating." -- Susan Adams - Forbes

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisGuide to Foodborne Pathogens covers pathogens bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are most commonly responsible for foodborne illness.Table of ContentsContributors vii 1 Globalization and epidemiology of foodborne disease 1 Ewen C. D. Todd 2 Staphylococcus aureus 26 Reginald W. Bennett, Jennifer M. Hait and Sandra M. Tallent 3 Listeria monocytogenes 45 Catherine W. Donnelly and Francisco Diez-Gonzalez 4 Bacillus cereus 75 Toril Lindbäck and Per Einar Granum 5 Clostridium perfringens 82 Norma L. Heredia and Ronald G. Labbé 6 Clostridium botulinum 91 Barbara M. Lund and Michael W. Peck 7 Salmonella 112 Steven C. Ricke, Ok-Kyung Koo, Steven Foley and Rajesh Nayak 8 Shigella species 138 Keith A. Lampel 9 Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae 148 Salina Parveen and Mark L. Tamplin 10 Yersinia enterocolitica 177 Saumya Bhaduri and James L. Smith 11 Campylobacter 188 Santos Garcia and Norma L. Heredia 12 Arcobacter and Helicobacter 197 Irene V. Wesley 13 Brucella 210 Axel Cloeckaert and Michel S. Zygmunt 14 Escherichia coli 222 Peter Feng 15 Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) 241 Qiongqiong Yan, Karen A. Power, Ben D. Tall and Séamus Fanning 16 Aflatoxins and Aspergillus flavus 257 Deepak Bhatnagar and Santos Garcia 17 Fusarium and fumonisins: Toxigenic Fusarium species in cereal grains and processed foods 273 Andreia Bianchini and Lloyd B. Bullerman 18 Other moulds and mycotoxins 284 Vicente Sanchis Almenar, Antonio J. Ramos girona and Sonia Marin Sillué 19 Foodborne protozoa 303 Ynes R. Ortega and Martin Kváè 20 Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica 317 Ana Flisser Steinbruch 21 Other foodborne helminthes 329 M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León and Dante S. Zarlenga 22 Foodborne viruses 352 Anna M. Fabiszewski de Aceituno, Jennifer J. Rocks, Lee-Ann Jaykus and Juan S. Leon 23 Seafood toxins 377 James M. Hungerford 24 Prion diseases 399 Debbie McKenzie and Judd Aiken 25 Forthcoming new technologies for microbial detection 414 Arun K. Bhunia 26 Stress adaptation, survival and recovery of foodborne pathogens 422 Alissa M. Wesche and Elliot T. Ryser 27 Microbial biofilms and food safety 438 L. A. McLandsborough 28 Bacteriophage biocontrol 448 Lars Fieseler and Martin J. Loessner Index 457

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Book SynopsisFor more information on this title, including student exercises, please visit, http://www.people.ex.ac.uk/DAColey/ Energy and Climate Change: Creating a Sustainable Future provides an up-to-date introduction to the subject examining the relationship between energy and our global environment. The book covers the fundamentals of the subject, discussing what energy is, why it is important, as well as the detrimental effect on the environment following our use of energy. Energy is placed at the front of a discussion of geo-systems, living systems, technological development and the global environment, enabling the reader to develop a deeper understanding of magnitudes. Learning is re-enforced, and the relevance of the topic broadened, through the use of several conceptual veins running through the book. One of these is an attempt to demonstrate how systems are related to each other through energy and energy flows. Examples being wind-power, and bio-mass which are reaTrade Review"At its modest price it must represent the bargain of the year." (Chromatographia, July 2010) "As a text book for GCSE level students, this title is worthy of 4 stars." (Enagri eMagazine, May 2010)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. Part I: Energy: concepts, history and problems. 2. Energy. What is energy? Units. Power. Energy in various disguises. Energy quality and exergy. Student exercises. 3. The planet’s energy balance. The sun. The earth. Comparisons. Student exercises. 4. A history of humankind’s use of energy. Energy and society. Wealth, urbanization and conflict. Our current level of energy use. Student exercises. 5. Sustainability, climate change and the global environment. Sustainability. Climate change. Other concerns. Debating climate change and answering the sceptics. Student exercises. 6. Economics and the environment. Key concepts. Environmental economics. Student exercises. 7. Combustion, inescapable inefficiencies and the generation of electricity. Combustion. Calorific values. Inescapable inefficiencies. Heat pumps. Double Carnot efficiencies. The generation of electricity from heat. Student exercises. Part II – Unsustainable energy technologies. 8. Coal. History. Extraction. The combustion of coal. Technologies for use. Example applications. Global resource. Student exercises. 9. Oil. Extraction. The combustion of oil. Technologies for use. Example application: the motor car. Global resource. Student exercises. 10. Gas. Extraction. The combustion of gas. Technologies for use. Example application: the domestic boiler. Global resource. Student exercises. 11. Non-conventional hydrocarbons. Oil shale. Tar sands. Methane hydrate. Student exercises. 12. Nuclear power. Physical basis. Technologies for use. Environmental concerns. Waste. World resource. Example applications. Is nuclear power the solution to global warming? Student exercises. 13. Hydropower. History. Technologies for use. Example application: Itaipu hydroelectric station. Environmental impacts. Pumped storage. Global resource. Student exercises. 14. Transport and air quality. Present day problems. Air quality and health. Example application: air quality in Exeter, UK. Student exercises. 15. Figures and philosophy: an analysis of a nation’s energy supply. The economy. Production. Consumption. Oil and gas production. Prices. Fuel poverty. Carbon emissions. Sustainable energy in the UK: the current state of play. Student exercises. Part III – Climate change: predictions and policies. 16. Future world energy use and carbon emissions. The world's future use of energy. Student exercises. 17. The impact of a warmer world. Climate models. Natural variability and model reliability. Future climate change. Impacts. Costing the impact. Student exercises. 18. Politics in the greenhouse: contracting and converging. Climate negotiations. Another approach. Bringing it all together. Conclusion. Student exercises. Part IV – Sustainable energy technologies Current world sustainable energy provision. 19. Energy efficiency. Cogeneration. Reducing energy losses. Energy recovery. Energy efficiency in buildings. Student exercises. 20. Solar power. Passive solar heating. Heat pumps. Solar water heating. Low temperature solar water heating. Example application: solar water heating, Phoenix Federal Correction Institution, USA. High temperature solar power. Low temperature water-based thermal energy conversion. OECD resource. Student exercises. 21. Photovoltaics. History. Basic principles. Technologies for use. Electrical characteristics. Roof-top PV. Example application: Doxford Solar Office, UK. OECD resource. Student exercises. 22. Wind power. History. Technologies for use. The modern horizontal axis wind turbine. Environmental impacts. OECD resource. Example application: Harøy Island Wind Farm, Sandøy, Norway. Student exercises. 23. Wave power. Wave characteristics. Technologies for use. Example application: the Pelamis P-750 wave energy converter. Student exercises. 24. Tidal and small-scale hydropower. Tides. Small-scale hydropower. OECD resource. Student exercises. 25. Biomass. History. Basic principles. Technologies for use. Example application: anaerobic digester, Walford College Farm, UK. Global resource. OECD resource. Student exercises. 26. Geothermal. Background. History. Resource and technology. Technologies for use. Environmental problems. World resource. OECD resource. Example application: Hacchobaru geothermal power station, Kokonoe-machi, Japan. Student exercises. 27. Fast breeders and fusion. Fast breeder reactors. Fusion. Example application: JET Torus, Culham, UK. Student exercises. 28. Alternative transport futures and the hydrogen economy. Improving energy efficiency. Alternative transport fuels and engines. Hydrogen powered vehicles and the hydrogen economy. Fuel cells. Example application: the greening of natural gas. Student exercises. 29. Carbon sequestration and climate engineering. Capture technologies. Storage technologies. The reflection of solar radiation. Example application: Statoil, Sleipner West gas field, North Sea. Student exercises. 30. A sustainable, low carbon future? Methodology and assumptions. Results. Worldwide reductions. Conclusion. What can I do? Student exercises. References. Appendix 1: National energy data. Appendix 2: Answers to in-text problems. Appendix 3: Bibliography and suggested reading. Appendix 4: Useful data. Index.

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Book SynopsisEcohydraulics: An Integrated Approachprovides a research level text which highlights recent developments of this emerging and expanding field. With a focus on interdisciplinary research the text examines:- the evolution and scope of ecohydraulics interactions between hydraulics, hydrology, fluvial geomorphology and aquatic ecology the application of habitat modelling in ecohydraulic studies state of the art methodological developments and approaches detailed case studies including fish passage design and the management of environmental flow regimes research needs and the future of ecohydraulics research The contributions offer broad geographic coverage to encapsulate the wide range of approaches, case studies and methods used to conduct ecohydraulics research. The book considers a range of spatial and temporal scales of relevance and aquatic organisms ranging from algae and macrophytes to macroinvertebratTable of ContentsList of Contributors, xi 1 Ecohydraulics: An Introduction, 1 Ian Maddock, Atle Harby, Paul Kemp and Paul Wood 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.2 The emergence of ecohydraulics, 2 1.3 Scope and organisation of this book, 4 References, 4 Part I Methods and Approaches 2 Incorporating Hydrodynamics into Ecohydraulics: The Role of Turbulence in the Swimming Performance and Habitat Selection of Stream-Dwelling Fish, 9 Martin A. Wilkes, Ian Maddock, Fleur Visser and Michael C. Acreman 2.1 Introduction, 9 2.2 Turbulence: theory, structure and measurement, 11 2.3 The role of turbulence in the swimming performance and habitat selection of river-dwelling fish, 20 2.4 Conclusions, 24 Acknowledgements, 25 References, 25 3 Hydraulic Modelling Approaches for Ecohydraulic Studies: 3D, 2D, 1D and Non-Numerical Models, 31 Daniele Tonina and Klaus Jorde 3.1 Introduction, 31 3.2 Types of hydraulic modelling, 32 3.3 Elements of numerical hydrodynamic modelling, 33 3.4 3D modelling, 49 3.5 2D models, 55 3.6 1D models, 57 3.7 River floodplain interaction, 59 3.8 Non-numerical hydraulic modelling, 60 3.9 Case studies, 60 3.10 Conclusions, 64 Acknowledgements, 66 References, 66 4 The Habitat Modelling System CASiMiR: A Multivariate Fuzzy Approach and its Applications, 75 Markus Noack, Matthias Schneider and Silke Wieprecht 4.1 Introduction, 75 4.2 Theoretical basics of the habitat simulation tool CASiMiR, 76 4.3 Comparison of habitat modelling using the multivariate fuzzy approach and univariate preference functions, 80 4.4 Simulation of spawning habitats considering morphodynamic processes, 82 4.5 Habitat modelling on meso- to basin-scale, 85 4.6 Discussion and conclusions, 87 References, 89 5 Data-Driven Fuzzy Habitat Models: Impact of Performance Criteria and Opportunities for Ecohydraulics, 93 Ans Mouton, Bernard De Baets and Peter Goethals 5.1 Challenges for species distribution models, 93 5.2 Fuzzy modelling, 95 5.3 Case study, 100 References, 105 6 Applications of the MesoHABSIM Simulation Model, 109 Piotr Parasiewicz, Joseph N. Rogers, Paolo Vezza, Javier Gort´azar, Thomas Seager, Mark Pegg, Wies©©aw Wi´sniewolski and Claudio Comoglio 6.1 Introduction, 109 6.2 Model summary, 109 Acknowledgements, 123 References, 123 7 The Role of Geomorphology and Hydrology in Determining Spatial-Scale Units for Ecohydraulics, 125 Elisa Zavadil and Michael Stewardson 7.1 Introduction, 125 7.2 Continuum and dis-continuum views of stream networks, 126 7.3 Evolution of the geomorphic scale hierarchy, 127 7.4 Defining scale units, 131 7.5 Advancing the scale hierarchy: future research priorities, 139 References, 139 8 Developing Realistic Fish Passage Criteria: An Ecohydraulics Approach, 143 Andrew S. Vowles, Lynda R. Eakins, Adam T. Piper, James R. Kerr and Paul Kemp 8.1 Introduction, 143 8.2 Developing fish passage criteria, 144 8.3 Conclusions, 151 8.4 Future challenges, 152 References, 152 Part II Species–Habitat Interactions 9 Habitat Use and Selection by Brown Trout in Streams, 159 Jan Heggenes and Jens Wollebæk 9.1 Introduction, 159 9.2 Observation methods and bias, 160 9.3 Habitat, 161 9.4 Abiotic and biotic factors, 161 9.5 Key hydraulic factors, 163 9.6 Habitat selection, 163 9.7 Temporal variability: light and flows, 166 9.8 Energetic and biomass models, 168 9.9 The hyporheic zone, 169 9.10 Spatial and temporal complexity of redd microhabitat, 169 9.11 Summary and ways forward, 170 References, 170 10 Salmonid Habitats in Riverine Winter Conditions with Ice, 177 Ari Huusko, Teppo Vehanen and Morten Stickler 10.1 Introduction, 177 10.2 Ice processes in running waters, 178 10.3 Salmonids in winter ice conditions, 182 10.4 Summary and ways forward, 186 References, 188 11 Stream Habitat Associations of the Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana boylii): The Importance of Habitat Heterogeneity, 193 Sarah Yarnell 11.1 Introduction, 193 11.2 Methods for quantifying stream habitat, 194 11.3 Observed relationships between R. boylii and stream habitat, 198 11.4 Discussion, 204 References, 209 12 Testing the Relationship Between Surface Flow Types and Benthic Macroinvertebrates, 213 Graham Hill, Ian Maddock and Melanie Bickerton 12.1 Background, 213 12.2 Ecohydraulic relationships between habitat and biota, 213 12.3 Case study, 216 12.4 Discussion, 223 12.5 Wider implications, 226 12.6 Conclusion, 227 References, 227 13 The Impact of Altered Flow Regime on Periphyton, 229 Natas¢§a Smolar-Z¢§vanut and Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenc¢§ic¢§ 13.1 Introduction, 229 13.2 Modified flow regimes, 230 13.3 The impact of altered flow regime on periphyton, 231 13.4 Case studies from Slovenia, 236 13.5 Conclusions, 240 References, 240 14 Ecohydraulics and Aquatic Macrophytes: Assessing the Relationship in River Floodplains, 245 Georg A. Janauer, Udo Schmidt-Mumm and Walter Reckendorfer 14.1 Introduction, 245 14.2 Macrophytes, 246 14.3 Life forms of macrophytes in running waters, 248 14.4 Application of ecohydraulics for management: a case study on the Danube River and its floodplain, 249 14.5 Conclusion, 255 Acknowledgements, 255 Appendix 14.A: Abbreviations used in Figure 14.5, including full plant names and authorities, 255 References, 256 15 Multi-Scale Macrophyte Responses to Hydrodynamic Stress and Disturbances: Adaptive Strategies and Biodiversity Patterns, 261 Sara Puijalon and Gudrun Bornette 15.1 Introduction, 261 15.2 Individual and patch-scale response to hydrodynamic stress and disturbances, 262 15.3 Community responses to temporary peaks of flow and current velocity, 266 15.4 Macrophyte abundance, biodiversity and succession, 268 15.5 Conclusion, 269 References, 270 Part III Management Application Case Studies 16 Application of Real-Time Management for Environmental Flow Regimes, 277 Thomas B. Hardy and Thomas A. Shaw 16.1 Introduction, 277 16.2 Real-time management, 278 16.3 The setting, 278 16.4 The context and challenges with present water allocation strategies, 281 16.5 The issues concerning the implementation of environmental flow regimes, 282 16.6 Underlying science for environmental flows in the Klamath River, 283 16.7 The Water Resource Integrated Modelling System for The Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement, 285 16.8 The solution – real-time management, 285 16.9 Example RTM implementation, 287 16.10 RTM performance, 287 16.11 Discussion, 290 16.12 Conclusions, 290 Acknowledgements, 291 References, 291 17 Hydraulic Modelling of Floodplain Vegetation in Korea: Development and Applications, 293 Hyoseop Woo and Sung-Uk Choi 17.1 Introduction, 293 17.2 Modelling of vegetated flows, 294 17.3 Floodplain vegetation modelling: From white rivers to green rivers, 300 17.4 Conclusions, 306 References, 306 18 A Historical Perspective on Downstream Passage at Hydroelectric Plants in Swedish Rivers, 309 Olle Calles, Peter Rivinoja and Larry Greenberg 18.1 Introduction, 309 18.2 Historical review of downstream bypass problems in Sweden, 310 18.3 Rehabilitating downstream passage in Swedish Rivers today, 312 18.4 Concluding remarks, 319 References, 320 19 Rapid Flow Fluctuations and Impacts on Fish and the Aquatic Ecosystem, 323 Atle Harby and Markus Noack 19.1 Introduction, 323 19.2 Rapid flow fluctuations, 325 19.3 Methods to study rapid flow fluctuations and their impact, 325 19.4 Results, 326 19.5 Mitigation, 329 19.6 Discussion and future work, 331 Acknowledgements, 333 References, 334 20 Ecohydraulic Design of Riffle-Pool Relief and Morphological Unit Geometry in Support of Regulated Gravel-Bed River Rehabilitation, 337 Gregory B. Pasternack and Rocko A. Brown 20.1 Introduction, 337 20.2 Experimental design, 338 20.3 Results, 347 20.4 Discussion and conclusions, 351 Acknowledgements, 353 References, 353 21 Ecohydraulics for River Management: Can Mesoscale Lotic Macroinvertebrate Data Inform Macroscale Ecosystem Assessment?, 357 Jessica M. Orlofske, Wendy A. Monk and Donald J. Baird 21.1 Introduction, 357 21.2 Lotic macroinvertebrates in a management context, 358 21.3 Patterns in lotic macroinvertebrate response to hydraulic variables, 359 21.4 Linking ecohydraulics and lotic macroinvertebrate traits, 365 21.5 Trait variation among lotic macroinvertebrates in LIFE flow groups, 366 21.6 Upscaling from ecohydraulics to management, 370 21.7 Conclusions, 371 References, 371 22 Estuarine Wetland Ecohydraulics and Migratory Shorebird Habitat Restoration, 375 Jos´e F. Rodr´©¥guez and Alice Howe 22.1 Introduction, 375 22.2 Area E of Kooragang Island, 377 22.3 Ecohydraulic and ecogeomorphic characterisation, 378 22.4 Modifying vegetation distribution by hydraulic manipulation, 382 22.5 Discussion, 388 22.6 Conclusions and recommendations, 390 References, 392 23 Ecohydraulics at the Landscape Scale: Applying the Concept of Temporal Landscape Continuity in River Restoration Using Cyclic Floodplain Rejuvenation, 395 Gertjan W. Geerling, Harm Duel, Anthonie D. Buijse and Antonius J.M. Smits 23.1 Introduction, 395 23.2 The inspiration: landscape dynamics of meandering rivers, 397 23.3 The concept: temporal continuity and discontinuity of landscapes along regulated rivers, 399 23.4 Application: floodplain restoration in a heavily regulated river, 401 23.5 The strategy in regulated rivers: cyclic floodplain rejuvenation (CFR), 403 23.6 General conclusions, 405 References, 405 24 Embodying Interactions Between Riparian Vegetation and Fluvial Hydraulic Processes Within a Dynamic Floodplain Model: Concepts and Applications, 407 Gregory Egger, Emilio Politti, Virginia Gar´ofano-G´omez, Bernadette Blamauer, Teresa Ferreira, Rui Rivaes, Rohan Benjankar and Helmut Habersack 24.1 Introduction, 407 24.2 Physical habitat and its effects on floodplain vegetation, 408 24.3 Succession phases and their environmental context, 410 24.4 Response of floodplain vegetation to fluvial processes, 414 24.5 Linking fluvial processes and vegetation: the disturbance regime approach as the backbone for the dynamic model, 415 24.6 Model applications, 417 24.7 Conclusion, 423 Acknowledgements, 424 References, 424 Part IV Conclusion 25 Research Needs, Challenges and the Future of Ecohydraulics Research, 431 Ian Maddock, Atle Harby, Paul Kemp and Paul Wood 25.1 Introduction, 431 25.2 Research needs and future challenges, 432 References, 435 Index, 437

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