Science funding and policy Books

Book SynopsisReimagining transparency and secrecy in the era of digital data When total data surveillance delimits agency and revelations of political wrongdoing fail to have consequences, is transparency the social panacea liberal democracies purport it to be? This book sets forth the provocative argument that progressive social goals would be better served by a radical form of secrecy, at least while state and corporate forces hold an asymmetrical advantage over the less powerful in data control. Clare Birchall asks: How might transparency actually serve agendas that are far from transparent? Can we imagine a secrecy that could act in the service of, rather than against, a progressive politics? To move beyond atomizing calls for privacy and to interrupt the perennial tension between state security and the public’s right to know, Birchall adapts Édouard Glissant’s thinking to propose a digital “right to opacity.” As a crucial element of radical secrecy, she argues, this would eventually give rise to a “postsecret” society, offering an understanding and experience of the political that is free from the false choice between secrecy and transparency. She grounds her arresting story in case studies including the varied presidential styles of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump; the Snowden revelations; conspiracy theories espoused or endorsed by Trump; WikiLeaks and guerrilla transparency; and the opening of the state through data portals.Postsecrecy is the necessary condition for imagining, finally, an alternative vision of “the good,” of equality, as neither shaped by neoliberal incarnations of transparency nor undermined by secret state surveillance. Not least, postsecrecy reimagines collective resistance in the era of digital data.Trade Review"Clare Birchall offers an innovative way out of tired debates over secrecy, transparency, and privacy. Radical Secrecy challenges our assumptions about the state, the neoliberal subject, and data, and it invites us to think about the hard but necessary concepts and strategies that can help us deal with our present and our future."—Mark Fenster, author of The Transparency Fix: Secrets, Leaks, and Uncontrollable Government Information"In this provocative, interdisciplinary, well-researched, and cogently argued critique and reconceptualization of the relationship between secrecy and transparency in the digital age, Clare Birchall articulates the need for reimagining and experimenting with new forms of transparency and open distribution of data, including the ‘digital right to opacity.’ As we witness political responses to events such as COVID-19, domestic terrorism, and economic devastation, the prescience of her analyses and the importance of her conclusions are undeniable."—Cynthia Stohl, University of California, Santa BarbaraTable of ContentsContentsPrefaceIntroduction: Transparent Times, Secret Agency, and Data Subjects1. The Changing Fortunes of Secrecy and Openness2. Information Imaginaries3. Opaque Openness: The Problem with/of Transparency4. Shareveillance: Open and Covert Government Data Practices5. Aesthetics of the Secret6. Secrets of the Left: A Right to OpacityConclusion: Toward PostsecrecyAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThe phrase ‘here be monsters’ or ‘here be dragons’ is commonly believed to have been used on ancient maps to indicate unexplored territories which might hide unknown beasts. This book maps and explores places between science and politics that have been left unexplored, sometimes hiding in plain sight - in an era when increased emphasis was put on 'openness'. The book is rooted in a programme of research funded by the Leverhulme Trust entitled: ‘Making Science Public: Challenges and opportunities, which runs from 2014 to 2017. One focus of our research was to critically question the assumption that making science more open and public could solve various issues around scientific credibility, trust, and legitimacy. Chapters in this book explore the risks and benefits of this perspective with relation to transparency, responsibility, experts and faith.Trade Review'The cases are engagingly and thoughtfully written; indeed, the volume as a whole is generally a highly pleasurable read.'Public Understanding of Science -- .Table of ContentsIntroduction1 Transparency - Benjamin Worthy2 Open access: the beast that no-one could – or should – control? - Stephen Curry3 Assuaging fears of monstrousness: UK and Swiss initiatives to open up animal laboratory research - Carmen M. McLeod4 What counts as evidence in adjudicating asylum claims? Locating the monsters in the machine: an investigation of faith-based claims - Roda Madziva and Vivien Lowndes5 Responsibility - Barbara Prainsack and Sabina Leonelli6 Leviathan and the hybrid network: Future Earth, co-production and the experimental life of a global institution - Eleanor Hadley Kershaw7 ‘Opening up’ energy transitions research for development - Alison Mohr8 The monstrous regiment versus Monsters Inc.: competing imaginaries of science and social order in responsible (research and) innovation - Stevienna de Saille and Paul Martin9 Expertise - Mark B. Brown10 Disentangling risk assessment: new roles for experts and publics - Sarah Hartley and Adam Kokotovich11 Monstrous materialities: ash dieback and plant biosecurity in Britain - Judith Tsouvalis12 An Inconvenient Truth: a social representation of scientific expertise - Warren Pearce and Brigitte Nerlich13 Science matters and the public interest: the role of minority engagement - Sujatha Raman, Pru Hobson-West, Mimi E. Lam and Kate Millar14 Faith - Chris Toumey15 Re-examining ‘creationist’ monsters in the uncharted waters of social studies of science and religion - Fern Elsdon-Baker16 Playing God: religious influences on the depictions of science in mainstream movies - David A. Kirby and Amy C. Chambers17 Afterword: monstrous markets: neo-liberalism, populism and the demise of the public university - John Holmwood and Jan Balon18 Epilogue: publics, hybrids, transparency, monsters and the changing landscape around science - Stephen TurnerIndex

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Book SynopsisPublic trust in the scientific community is under extraordinary pressure. Crucial areas of human activity and public policy, such as education, universities, climate and health care are influenced by populist political strategies rather than evidence-based solutions. Moreover, data-driven methods are becoming increasingly subject to delegitimization. This book examines potential remedies for improving public trust and the legitimacy of science. It reviews different policy approaches adopted by governments to incentivize the empowerment of stakeholders through co-production arrangements, participatory mechanisms, public engagement and interaction between citizens and researchers. Offering an original analysis of the political roots of the governmental impact and engagement agenda, this book sheds much-needed light on the wider connections to democracy.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Introduction: Science and Democracy A crisis of public trust in science Knowledge systems in a populist era Overview of the book Chapter 2 - Public Engagement: Concept, Practice and Rhetoric Public engagement: a slippery concept Conclusions Chapter 3 - The Entrepreneurial State The New Public Management A critique of New Public Management The case of the adoption of New Public Management in the 1990s in Italy Citizens' Charter of Education Conclusions Chapter 4 - The Engaged State: Bringing Citizens In Citizen science Collaborative governance in the new millennium and citizens as co-producers The ecological citizen Youth public engagement with sustainability Conclusions Chapter 5 - Working with Schools and the Case of Ecological Citizenship Education for sustainable development in Italy Adoption of mandatory civic education in schools Operational concerns from the street level Discussion and analysis Conclusions Chapter 6 - Universities and Civic Engagement The 'old' universities and their social embeddedness The 'new' entrepreneurial university Higher education landscape reforms: the marketization agenda The 'engaged' university Public universities at a crossroads Conclusions Chapter 7 - Rethinking the Public Scientist Citizen science Public engagement: the concept Public engagement: the contradictions Public engagement: the benign rhetoric

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Book Synopsis•The first book to bring the field of science communication into conversation with queer theory. •Includes ‘practice spotlights’ by practitioners that highlight specific science communication initiatives relevant to queer people and queer topics.Table of ContentsIntroduction - Tara Roberson and Lindy A. Orthia Part 1: Negotiating Queer Identities with Science, Technology, and Medicine 1. Where to ‘Keep’ the Queer: Contestations and Anxieties in Clinical Communications - Aritra Chatterjee Practice Spotlight: Gender and Sex in Research Communications - Sophia Frentz 2. The Question of Queer Complexity: Science Communication and Queer Activism - V de Kauwe and Emily Standen 3. Queer Interests in Technology and Innovation Discourse - Tara Roberson Practice Spotlight: All We Need Is … The Endosymbiotic Love Calendar - Annalaura Alifuoco, Natalie E.R. Beveridge, Yasmine Kumordzi, and Hwa Young Jung Practice Spotlight: GENDERS: Shaping and Breaking the Binary, an Exhibition at Science Gallery London - Helen Kaplinsky and Jessie Krish Teaching Notes for Part 1 Part 2: Representations of Queerness in Public Science Communication 4. Queering Science Museums, Science Centres, and Other Public Science Institutions - Eleanor S. Armstrong and Simon J. Lock Practice Spotlight: Queer by Nature: The LGBTQ+ Natural History Tour - Josh Davis Practice Spotlight: Science Queers: Overacted Representation in Science Communication - Òscar Aznar-Alemany Practice Spotlight: Science is a Drag! Online Events - Carla Suciu, Brynley Pearlstone, and Sam Langford 5. Queer Characters in Science-themed Fiction - Lindy A. Orthia and Leo P. Visser Practice Spotlight: Using #QueerInSTEM and Related Hashtags to Promote Your Science Communication - Luis Lopez and Alberto I. Roca Practice Spotlight: Queer Science Blogs: Public Communication Before the Age of Social Media - Ron Buckmire and Alberto I. Roca Teaching Notes for Part 2 Part 3: Queer People in Science Communication Communities 6. Malayang Paglaladlad para sa Mapagpalayang Paglalahad: Coming Out and Queering Science Communication in Contested Spaces - John Noel Viaña, Mario Carlo Severo, Miguel Barretto-Garcia, Paul James Magtaan, Jason Tan Liwag, Roemel Jeusep Bueno, Christer de Silva, and Shaira Panela Practice Spotlight: Queer Scientists PH: Visibility Towards Community Building and Empowerment - Jason Tan Liwag, Jay S. Fidelino, Rey Audie S. Escosio, Almira B. Ocampo, and Nikki Santos-Ocampo Practice Spotlight: 500 Queer Scientists at the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras - Alice Motion and Hervé Sauquet 7. Including Queerness and Improving Belonging of Intersectional Queer Identities in Science Communication Communities - Katherine Canfield Practice Spotlight: Rainbow Spectrums: Embracing Our Queer Disabled Family in Science Communication - V de Kauwe and Kai Fisher 8. Have Rainbow, Will Collect Data: How Citizen and Community Science Engages Queer Volunteers - Todd A. Harwell Teaching Notes for Part 3 Part 4: Queering Institutional Science Communication Agendas 9. Science OUTreach: A Queer Approach to Science Communication Practice - Alice Motion and Lee Wallace Practice Spotlight: Queer Communicators in Environmental, Climate Change, and Sustainability Conversations - Franzisca Weder Practice Spotlight: How LGBTIQA+ Representation in Organization Leadership Impacts Inclusivity and Visibility - Sarah Durcan and Andrea Bandelli Practice Spotlight: Outer Edge: Queer(y)ing STEM Collections – A Community Workshop - Eleanor S. Armstrong and Sophie Gerber 10. The Possibilities of Queer in Science Communication Teaching and Pedagogies - Simon J. Lock and Eleanor S. Armstrong 11. Queering Science Communication Theory Beyond Deficit and Dialogue Binaries - Lindy A. Orthia and V de Kauwe Teaching Notes for Part 4 Conclusions - Tara Roberson and Lindy A. Orthia

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Book SynopsisThe Next Pandemic is a gripping book that confronts the most urgent question facing our species: when, where, and how will the next major outbreak arrive?Some of history's biggest killers have been infectious diseases: The Black Death killed around 20 million in the 14th century; Spanish Flu killed 50 million in 1918; the AIDS pandemic has killed almost 40 million since 1981. There is no guarantee that we can prevent another such disaster, but whenever a new scare emerges, Dr. Ali Khan is sent to try.This book is Dr. Khan's story of 25 years of containing these near misses, in his long career at the Center for Disease Control. During the 1995 Ebola outbreak in Zaire, Khan worked among Red Cross workers digging mass graves, rescuing struggling patients from near-abandoned hospitals and ultimately finding Patient Zero. In 2001, he traveled to Washington, DC, summoned by a midnight phone call, to prevent anthrax spores from spreading through the Senate Office building's ventilation system. In 2002, he was called to Hong Kong to quarantine victims of SARS, a contagious disease with no cure and no vaccine. In each of these stories, Khan reconstructs the chaos of those first moments on the ground, making life-and-death decisions on limited and conflicting information, with local, federal, and international authorities fighting to contain both the virus and the panic.Through these and other stories, Khan breaks down the sources of the next pandemic: mutation; spillover from other species; lab accidents; bioterrorism; and natural disasters. He shows that the danger of an outbreak is more real than ever in a world of climate change and global commerce, but that we need not only live in fear. His career is a testament to the power of good information, habits, and poise under pressure, as we work to fight whatever exotic contagion comes next.The Next Pandemic is a vivid and necessary book about rampant and violent diseases, and disasters narrowly averted; and the tools we have to keep them at bay.

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Book SynopsisThe struggle to obtain grants constitutes an important part of millions of lives. Even experienced grantees concede that the process is rife with mysteries and bias. Yet the system often is responsible for the solution for or the lack of a solution for many of society''s ills. This bibliography gathers together citations, including abstracts, from the journal literature, books, government reports and edited collections under the categories of Block Grants; Community Grants; Research Grants; Education Grants; Business Grants; and others.

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Book SynopsisThe Internet is a platform of ceaseless innovation that has transformed our lives in a remarkably short time. And the United States has led that revolution: of the 15 largest websites in the world, 10 are American. But all that is now under threat. In February 2015, the Federal Communications Commission imposed extensive regulatory controls on this vibrant digital universe in an effort to mandate "network neutrality." In this Broadside, Brian C. Anderson explains how the FCC's power grab for "neutrality" could be devastating for the most dynamic sector of the U.S. economy. Network neutrality is at odds with everything that made today's Internet the market cornucopia that it is, and we must protect it from the encroach--ments of Washington in order to foster its further growth.

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Book SynopsisOn August 2, 2007, Congress passed the America COMPETES Act (H.R. 2272), which the President signed into law (P.L. 110-69) on August 9, 2007. The act responds to concerns that the United States may not be able to compete economically with other nations in the future due to insufficient investment today in science and technology research and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and workforce development. A similar concern had led President Bush to announce the American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI) in January 2006 during his State of the Union address. The America COMPETES Act authorises an increase in the nation''s investment in science and engineering research and in STEM education from kindergarten to graduate school and postdoctoral education. The act also establishes the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) and Discovery Science and Engineering Innovation Institutes. (Appendix A provides a summary of the act''s programs.) The act authorises increases in funding for the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) laboratories, and the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science over FY2008-FY2010. If maintained, the increases would double the budgets of those agencies over seven years. The Administration''s ACI also proposes a doubling-path, but for over ten years for physical sciences and engineering research at the three agencies. Within DOE, ARPA-E is designed to support transformational energy technology research projects with the goal of enhancing the economic and energy security of the United States, based on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The Administration and others support the conceptual goal of ARPA-E, but questions whether or not the DARPA model can be used for the energy sector, and has concerns about it potentially redirecting funds from current DOE research activities. ARPA-E proponents counter that ARPA-E is needed to facilitate the energy marketplace by accelerating research that will bridge the gap between basic research and industrial development. At the heart of the America COMPETES Act is the goal of maintaining the United States as the leader in the global economy. Three broad trends influence today''s globalisation of the economy. The first is technology, which has sharply reduced the cost of communication and transportation that previously divided markets. The second is a dramatic increase in the world supply of labour producing goods and services traded internationally. The third is government policies that have reduced barriers to trade and investment.

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Book SynopsisThe United States government supports a broad range of scientific and engineering research and development R&D. Its purposes include addressing specific concerns such as national defence, health, safety, the environment, and energy security, as well as advancing knowledge generally, developing the scientific and engineering workforce and strengthening U.S. innovation and competitiveness in the global economy. The federal government has played an important role in supporting R&D efforts that have led to scientific breakthroughs and new technologies. This book examines the federal role in funding research and development in such areas as energy technology, colleges and universities, and others.

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Book SynopsisAn "other transaction" (OT) is a special vehicle used by federal agencies for obtaining or advancing research and development (R&D) or prototypes. An OT is not a contract, grant or co-operative agreement, and there is no statutory or regulatory definition of "other transaction". Only those agencies that have been provided OT authority may engage in other transaction. Generally, the reason for OT authority is that the government needs to obtain leading edge R&D and prototypes from commercial sources, but some companies are unwilling or unable to comply with the government''s procurement regulations. This book examines the "other transaction authority" and its uses by the federal agencies.

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Book SynopsisThe latest book from the most dangerous philosopher in the West (New Republic) considers the new dangers and radical possibilities set in motion by advances in Big Tech.In recent years, techno-scientific progress has started to utterly transform our world--changing it almost beyond recognition. In this extraordinary new book, renowned philosopher Slavoj Žižek turns to look at the brave new world of Big Tech, revealing how, with each new wave of innovation, we find ourselves moving closer and closer to a bizarrely literal realization of Marx's prediction that all that is solid melts into air. With the automation of work, the virtualization of money, the dissipation of class communities, and the rise of immaterial, intellectual labor, the global capitalist edifice is beginning to crumble, more quickly than ever before--and it is now on the verge of vanishing entirely.But what will come next? Against a backdrop of constant socio-technological upheaval, how could any kind of authentic change take place? In such a context, Žižek argues, there can be no great social triumph--because lasting revolution has already come into the scene, like a thief in broad daylight, stealing into sight right before our very eyes. What we must do now is wake up and see it. Urgent as ever, Like a Thief in Broad Daylight illuminates the new dangers as well as the radical possibilities thrown up by today's technological and scientific advances, and their electrifying implications for us all.

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Book SynopsisTo listen to most pundits and political writers, evolution, stem cells, and climate change are the only scientific issues worth mentioning,and the only people who are anti-science are conservatives. Yet those on the left have numerous fallacies of their own. Aversion to clean energy programs, basic biological research, and even life-saving vaccines come naturally to many progressives. These are positions supported by little more than junk-science and paranoid thinking.Now for the first time, science writers Dr. Alex B. Berezow and Hank Campbell have drawn open the curtain on the left's fear of science. As Science Left Behind reveals, vague inclinations about the wholesomeness of all things natural, the unhealthiness of the unnatural, and many other seductive fallacies have led to an epidemic of misinformation. The results: public health crises, damaging and misguided policies, and worst of all, a new culture war over basic scientific facts,in which the left is just as culpable as the right.Trade Review"Science Left Behind challenges the notion that poorly informed anti-science rhetoric is solely the province of the right wing...Berezow and Campbell offer numerous examples of progressives hijacking legitimate programs and research and twisting them to suit a backwards-ass anti-science agenda. In this way, reading Science Left Behind is as infuriating as it is eye-opening. A fundamental lack of familiarity with science is rampant in government as a whole, and Science Left Behind does an impressive job drawing attention to this alarming disparity." Portland Mercury" Nevertheless, Berezow and Campbell's message is jarring and necessary. Science is vilified in American political life. People believe things because they wish to, not because of what is true. This has real-world consequences when it comes to the implementation of beneficial technology. Anti-scientism is everywhere, and acknowledging that much of it comes from our own political tribe is a hard and inconvenient truth." Scienceblogs.com "Anyone who talks for very long with a genuine American leftist -- as opposed to the vastly more numerous moderate liberals -- can quickly see that romantic-nostalgic spite toward science and technology is not the sole province of Fox-watchers." PolicyMic"The people who are skeptical of the benefits of vaccination or think that organic food is healthier will undoubtedly find [Science Left Behind] problematic. And they should. The prominent activists and politicians highlighted in this book are spreading misinformation and causing serious harm in some cases, and it's good to see scientists and science writers making some noise about it. You should read what they have to say. Go buy this book." Wall Street Journal"In Science Left Behind, journalists Alex B. Berezow and Hank Campbell show that conservatives hardly have a monopoly on motivated reasoning, usefully revealing how pervasive scientific misinformation is in progressive arguments on organic and genetically modified foods, clean energy, nuclear waste and other matters." Forbes "There are a lot of hot-button topics here: environmentalism, genetically modified organisms, organic food, product testing on animals, solar power, clean energy, and more. The authors explore the issues in detail, working very hard to give the appearance of political neutrality, and the book does an excellent job of opening readers' minds to the possibility that these issues aren't as cut-and-dried as they might have been led to believe by politicians and the media. Open-minded readers, those who don't mind being asked to reassess their long-held beliefs, should find much here to think about and debate. "This is - as far as I know - the best and first book to tackle many of these anti-science claims, and while it is not the definitive work on any of these subjects, it's worth a read for anyone who is infuriated by claims that republicans are anti-science...[T]he book does an excellent job of bringing together a large survey of different ways that elements of the political left in America fail to heed what science has to say." New Scientist"There is more, and recent, antiscience fare from far-left progressives, documented in the 2012 book Science Left Behind by science journalists Alex B. Berezow and Hank Campbell, who note that "if it is true that conservatives have declared a war on science, then progressives have declared Armageddon...Whereas conservatives obsess over the purity and sanctity of sex, the left's sacred values seem fixated on the environment, leading to an almost religious fervor over the purity and sanctity of air, water and especially food." Scientific American Commentary Magazine"Alex B. Berezow and Hank Campbell are on solid ground in Science Left Behind: Feel-Good Fallacies and the Rise of the Anti-Scientific Left...Their arguments slice quickly and powerfully, supported by the kinds of skillfully chosen facts...Science Left Behind does much-needed work in drawing attention to what the authors call the "feel-good fallacies" that constitute the worldviews of so many on the left-often the very individuals who proudly claim membership in the "reality-based com-munity." More important, Berezow and Campbell articulate a valuable observation that deserves constant reiterating: with great frequency, politics invites us to inhabit an imaginary world populated by fictions that conform to our desires about how things ought to be." San Francisco Book Review Michael Medved, nationally syndicated talk radio host, author of THE 10 BIG LIES ABOUT AMERICA "Entertaining, enlightening and important. This valuable book should shatter the left's smug certainty that science registers as a partisan Democrat. Berezow and Campbell provide persuasive evidence and argument that should reshape conventional wisdom on a wide variety of current controversies." Kirkus "A sophisticatedly vitriolic, somewhat tongue-in-cheek addition to the current election debate." Publishers Weekly "Their nonpartisan message is clear: Washington as a whole is woefully uninformed when it comes to the scientific underpinnings of pertinent topics like stem cell research, green energy, organic food, vaccines, and gender issues." Huntington News "Groundbreaking...If I were teaching journalism, this is a book that I would require my students to read and absorb -- and keep for reference." The Progressive Contrarian"A no-nonsense, sometimes brutal and sometimes funny book that progressives should read." Red, Green, and Blue.org "Alex Berezow and Hank Campbell, co-authors of Science Left Behind: Feel-Good Fallacies and the Rise of the Anti-Scientific Left, make a nuanced and convincing counter argument: Ludditism is not a partisan issue. In fact, on many of the most critical issues of our time, the "progressive" perspective is often rooted in out-dated, anti-empirical, junk science paradigms that threaten innovation-and are beginning to unnerve the most scientifically minded thinkers on the left...This soft conspiracy, promoted by mainstream Democrats, infects a broad array of science issues and highlights the religious-like iconic beliefs of the left (as Kloor has noted): Nature is sacred, big business is dangerous and corrupt, technology can cause more problems than it helps solve, the world is on the verge of an eco-apocalypse, and we need more precaution, regulation and legislation. I call it enviro-romanticism, a criticism documented in distressing detail in Science Left Behind...Read Science Left Behind. It's a clarion call for the empirically minded amongst us regardless of your ideological persuasion." Booklist

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Book SynopsisClimate change is a complex, crosscutting issue that poses risks to many existing environmental and economic systems, including agriculture, infrastructure, ecosystems, and human health. A 2009 assessment by the United States Global Change Research Program found that climate-related changes, such as rising temperature and sea level, will combine with pollution, population growth, urbanisation, and other social, economic and environmental stresses to create larger impacts than from any of these factors alone. Funding for climate change activities is spread across the federal government. This book provides an analysis of federal funding for climate change activities and how these activities are organised.

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Book SynopsisThe path forward to rein in online surveillance, AI, and tech monopolies. Technology is a gift and a curse. The five Big Tech companies—Meta, Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, and Google—have built innovative products that improve many aspects of our lives. But their intrusiveness and our dependence on them have created pressing threats to our civil rights, economy, and democracy. Coming from an extensive background building Silicon Valley–based tech startups, Tom Kemp eloquently and precisely weaves together the threats posed by Big Tech: • the overcollection and weaponization of our most sensitive data • the problematic ways Big Tech uses AI to process and act upon our data • the stifling of competition and entrepreneurship due to Big Tech’s dominant market position This richly detailed book exposes the consequences of Big Tech’s digital surveillance, exploitative use of AI, and monopolistic and anticompetitive practices. It offers actionable solutions to these problems and a clear path forward for individuals and policymakers to advocate for change. By containing the excesses of Big Tech, we will ensure our civil rights are respected and preserved, our economy is competitive, and our democracy is protected.

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Book SynopsisIf the stories they tell about themselves are to be believed, all of the tech giants—Apple, Google, Microsoft, Facebook, and Amazon—were built from the ground up through hard work, a few good ideas, and the entrepreneurial daring to seize an opportunity when it presented itself. With searing wit and blistering commentary Bit Tyrants provides an urgent corrective to this froth of board room marketing copy that is so often passed off as analysis. For fans of corporate fairy-tales there are no shortage of official histories that celebrate the innovative genius of Steve Jobs, liberal commentators who fall over themselves to laude Bill Gates's selfless philanthropy, or politicians who will tell us to listen to Mark Zuckerberg for advice on how to protect our democracy from foreign influence. In this highly unauthorized account of the Big Five's origins, Rob Larson sets the record straight, and in the process shreds every focus-grouped bromide about corporate benevolence he could get his hands on. Those readers unwilling to smile and nod as every day we become more dependent on our phones and apps to do our chores, our jobs, and our socializing can take heart as Larson provides us with maps to all the shallow graves, skeleton filled closets, and invective laced emails Big Tech left behind on its ascent to power. His withering analysis will help readers crack the code of the economic dynamics that allowed these companies to become near-monopolies very early on, and, with a little bit of luck, his calls for digital socialism might just inspire a viral movement for online revolution.Trade Review"Larson argues that what we need here is the mass strike: widespread strike action, on an international scale, for social good. The tech infrastructure and services which have become central to our lives need to be brought under democratic control, by their workers and their users. Larson recognises that this will not be an easy fight, but there are immediate demands we can make which would be both beneficial in themselves and which would energise activists to fight for the more transformative changes we need." —Counterfire "Larson demonstrates, devastatingly, that the supposedly libertarian and benevolent owners of Microsoft, Amazon, Apple, Google and Facebook — "the five biggest corporations in the world by market value," he notes — used predatory practices to solidify their positions, running roughshod over competitors and their own employees alike....Bit Tyrants is potentially as horrifying as any fiction." —Winnipeg Free Press "Highly informed, lively and readable, this is a badly needed study of the giant high tech corporations that increasingly dominate the means of work and social interaction, amass and scrutinize the details of our lives, seek to shape attitudes and behavior, and like the great virtual monopolies of the past both rely on state power and heavily influence it. Beyond exposing the nature of this awesome and threatening system, Larson goes on to outline how it can, and should, be brought under popular control. A most valuable contribution to understanding and guide to action." —Noam Chomsky "Learning to decode Big Tech is necessary, a basic act of citizenship in a world awash in technology. Reading Bit Tyrants is an important step in acquiring this skill." —Counter Currents "Today's tech giants control technologies that have suffused our lives, and they have generated a self-glorifying mythology and hype to match. Rob Larson's Bit Tyrants helps puncture this ideological reality-distortion field, providing a guide to monopolistic giants like Amazon and Google, as they transform labor, politics, war and more. He does all this with a sarcastic wit that will bring a smile to anyone who has cursed the malign influence of these companies and their plutocratic rulers on 21st Century life...." —Peter Frase, author of Four Futures

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Book SynopsisScience is undergoing an identity crisis! A renown psychologist and biologist diagnoses our age of wishful, magical thinking and blasts out a clarion call for a return to reason and the search for objective knowledge and truth. Fans of Matt Ridley and Nicholas Wade will adore this trenchant meditation and call to action.Science is in trouble. Real questions in desperate need of answers—especially those surrounding ethnicity, gender, climate change, and almost anything related to ‘health and safety’—are swiftly buckling to the fiery societal demands of what ought to be rather than what is. These foregone conclusions may be comforting, but each capitulation to modernity’s whims threatens the integrity of scientific inquiry. Can true, fact-based discovery be redeemed? In Science in an Age of Unreason, legendary professor of psychology and biology, John Staddon, unveils the identity crisis afflicting today’s scientific community, and provides an actionable path to recovery. With intellectual depth and literary flair, Staddon answers pressing questions, including: Is science, especially the science of evolution, a religion? Can ethics be derived from science at all? How sound is social science, particularly surrounding today’s most controversial topics? How can passions be separated from facts? Informed by decades of expertise, Science in an Age of Unreason is a clarion call to rebirth academia as a beacon of reason and truth in a society demanding its unconditional submission.

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Book SynopsisThe riveting and mostly untold story about the battle for financial and technological power and mastery between the West and China over the last decade.Since China joined the WTO in December 2001, the West has been developing ever closer business and political ties. China's hosting of the Olympic Games and its economic leadership in 2008 as the world faced recession were signs that China's new power and wealth would herald greater global prosperity for all. But that era is over.What was the cause of this rupture, leading China expert Andrew Small asks and what does it mean for the future? Using his deep access to the leading players in the story, Small dramatizes the intense political battles over the introduction of 5G to show how China and the West have spilt and how those abstract geopolitical rivalries translate into our daily lives—the phones we all use, the hidden wiring of the economy, and who controls it. Written with extraordinary insider access, Small's story ranges from deep inside the bowels of the Pentagon to Indian Ocean naval bases, and from the boardrooms of the world’s leading technology firms to the Taliban leadership in Kabul. The result is an engaging, lucid and even-handed account of the defining geopolitical issue of our age, and a clarion call for us to recognize the true nature of China’s global ambitions.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction of a common European currency has been, and is, a process bristling with difficulties. Will establishing European science be any easier? The contributors to the volume have treated this question with the seriousness it deserves. The results steer away from an easy optimism, but emphasize the importance of such enterprise. This insightful text should be of interest to policy makers and scientists alike, not the least because it shows how the two groups influence each other.'- Barbara Czarniawska, University of Gothenburg, SwedenSince the European Research Area was launched at the beginning of the century, significant efforts have been made to realise the vision of a coherent space for science and research in Europe. But how does one define such a space and measure its development? This timely book analyses the dynamics of change in the policy and governance of science and research within Europe over the past decade. It widens the scope of traditional policy analysis by focusing attention on the interaction between policy rationales, new governance mechanisms, and the organisational dynamics of the scientific field.The contributors build a novel analytical framework to understand the European research space as one shifting from a fragmented space of 'Science in Europe' to one that is labeled 'European Science'. The chapters explore the dynamics of this shift through the lenses of political science, organisation theory, science policy and related analytical traditions.Towards European Science is an interdisciplinary book which will attract a wide set of scholars and professionals interested in science policy, governance and scientific practice. It will also be of use to university leaders and managers, as well as policy-makers and practitioners working on issues of internationalisation and the Europeanisation of science.Contributors: I. Bleiklie, D. Braun, L. Cruz-Castro, J. Enders, L. Engwall, Å. Gornitzka, T. Hedmo, K. Jonkers, B. Lepori, T. Luukkonen, G. Mathisen Nyhagen, M. Nedeva, L. Sanz-Menéndez, L. WedlinTrade Review‘Introduction of a common European currency has been, and is, a process bristling with difficulties. Will establishing European science be any easier? The contributors to the volume have treated this question with the seriousness it deserves. The results steer away from an easy optimism, but emphasize the importance of such enterprise. This insightful text should be of interest to policy makers and scientists alike, not the least because it shows how the two groups influence each other.’ -- Barbara Czarniawska, University of Gothenburg, Sweden‘After reading the volume, it is easy to agree with the editors and to recommend the book to all actors in any research space interested in the science policy in the EU and the transformation of the European research/science space.’ -- ComparativTable of ContentsContents: 1. Towards European Science: An Introduction Linda Wedlin and Maria Nedeva 2. From ‘Science in Europe’ to ‘European Science’ Maria Nedeva and Linda Wedlin 3. European Research Area: An Evolving Policy Agenda Terttu Luukkonen 4. Actor Constellations in the European Funding Area Dietmar Braun 5. Executive Governance of European Science – Technocratic, Segmented, and Path Dependent? Åse Gornitzka 6. Transnational Organizations Defining Quality and Excellence Linda Wedlin and Tina Hedmo 7. Organizing Knowledge Institutions – Standardizing Diversity Ivar Bleiklie, Gigliola Mathisen Nyhagen, Jürgen Enders and Benedetto Lepori 8. Academies and their Roles in Policy Decisions Lars Engwall 9. The Internationalisation of Research Institutes Laura Cruz-Castro, Koen Jonkers and Luis Sanz-Menéndez 10. Quo Vadis European Science? Linda Wedlin and Maria Nedeva Index

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Book SynopsisMoving away from the long-established paradigm which holds that all political behavior is learned via socialization, this Handbook assesses the contributions of biology to political science, illustrating that behavior is in actual fact shaped by the interplay between learning and biological influences. Describing how a more biologically-oriented approach expands and enriches political science, both conceptually and in terms of its research capabilities, key chapters focus on general biological approaches to politics, biopolitical contributions to mainstream areas within political science, and linkages between biology and public policy. Providing specific examples of how Neo-Darwinism can contribute to more successful public policies, the Handbook further emphasizes the close ties between a realistic understanding of human political behavior and the likelihood that our species successfully resolves the problems that now threaten its welfare. Original and thought-provoking, this Handbook will prove an enriching read for political scientists starting to consider the value of biological factors in influencing political behavior, as well as for behavioural scientists in other areas experiencing the same paradigm shifts. Biologists will also find further grounding for their research into biological and behavioral science.Contributors include: K.Blanchard, Jr., R.H. Blank, D. Boisvert, E. Bucy, K. Butts, P.A. Corning, D. Couvet, A. Fletcher, B.J. Foster, J.M. Friend, A. Friesen, O. Funke, A. Ksiazkiewicz, M. Latner, V. Lemm, L. Liesen, J. Losco, R.D. Masters, A. Mazur, G.R. Murray, W.J. Patzelt, M.B. Petersen, S.A. Peterson, A. Somit, R.H. Sprinkle, P.A. Stewart, B.A. Thayer, J. Vaske, M. Vatter, R.F. White, T.E. WohlersTrade Review'Slowly but surely the social sciences are starting to realize that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection comes as a friend and supporter rather than as a foe and conqueror. This splendid collection, Handbook of Biology and Politics, edited by Steven A. Peterson and Albert Somit, shows that work in this field is rapidly moving towards maturity. At a time when, with reason, politics and its practitioners are judged and found sadly wanting, such a volume as this, looking at human nature in its fullest dimension and applying it to an understanding of the problems of society - reinvigorating the original project of Aristotle - is as provocatively stimulating as it is badly needed.' --Michael Ruse, Florida State University, US'Stalwart biopolitics scholars Steven A. Peterson and Albert Somit continue their long-running contributions to the cause, this time by assembling, in a single jam-packed volume, dozens of timely, insightful, thought-provoking contributions from an A-list of researchers in this exciting, inter-disciplinary subfield.' --John Hibbing, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USTable of ContentsContents: Part I: Introduction 1. What Is Biopolitics? Steven A. Peterson and Albert Somit 2. The Organizational Structure of Biology in Politics Robert Hunt Sprinkle 3. Believers and Disbelievers in Evolution and Climate Change Allan Mazur 4. Michel Foucault’s Perspective on Biopolitics Vanessa Lemm and Miguel Vatter Part II: Biological Approaches to Politics 5. The Evolution of Politics: A Biological Approach Peter A. Corning 6. Genes and Politics Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz and Amanda Friesen 7. The Brain and Politics Robert H. Blank 8. Evolutionary Psychology and Political Psychology: How to use Evolutionary Psychology to Theorize about Political Psychology Michael Bang Petersen Part III: Biology and the Fields of Political Science 9. Political Philosophy: An Evolutionary Perspective Albert Somit 10. Biology and International Relations John M. Friend and Bradley A. Thayer 11. Comparative Politics and Biology Werner J. Patzelt 12. Research Methodology in Biopolitics Albert Somit and Steven A. Peterson 13. Political Ethics and Biology Kenneth C. Blanchard Jr 14. Political Behavior and Biology: Evolutionary Leadership and Followership Ronald F. White 15. Mass Political Behavior and Biology Gregg R. Murray 16. Public Administration and the Life Sciences: Pathways Forward Joseph Losco 17. Media Biopolitics: The Emergence of a Subfield Erik P. Bucy 18. Biopolicy and Policymaking Odelia Funke 19. Observational Research Methods and Politics Bobbie J. Foster and Patrick A. Stewart Part IV: Biopolicy 20. Policy Implications of Biosocial Research Danielle Boisvert and Jamie C. Vaske 21. Genetic Modification of Food: A Comparative Examination of Policy Environments Tony E. Wohlers 22. Toxins, Health, and Behavior: Implications of Toxicology for Public Policy Roger D. Masters 23. The Science of Human Nature and the Social Contract: A Biological Frame for Public Policy Peter A. Corning 24. Climate Change and Environmental Security: Implications for National and Homeland Security Kent Hughes Butts 25. The Ties That Bind: Policy Implications of Evolutionary and Developmental Perspectives on Women and Their Children’s Reproductive Strategies Laurette T. Liesen 26. Darwinian Democracy? How Evolutionary Theory Informs Constitutional Design Michael Latner 27. Engineering the Future: New Frontiers for Biopolitics Amy L. Fletcher 28. From Biodiversity to Policies to Politics Denis Couvet Part V: Reflections on Biology and Politics 29. Controversies in Biology: Implications for the Study of Biology and Politics Steven A. Peterson and Albert Somit 30. The Crystal Ball: Biology, Political Science, and Biopolitics Albert Somit and Steven A. Peterson Index

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Book SynopsisWhy are so few electric cars in our streets today? Why is it difficult to introduce electronic patient records in our hospitals? To answer these questions we need to understand how state and non-state actors interact with the purpose of transforming socio-technical systems.Examining the 'who' (agents), 'how' (policy instruments) and 'why' (societal legitimacy) of the governance process, this book presents a conceptual framework for the governance of change in socio-technical systems. Bridging the gap between disciplinary fields, expert contributions provide innovative empirical cases of different modes of governing change. The Governance of Socio-Technical Systems offers a stepping-stone towards building a theory of governance of change and presents a new research agenda on the interaction between science, technology and society.This book will appeal to scholars in the fields of political science, economics, STS and innovation studies, who are interested in the processes of socio-technical change, their democratic legitimacy, and the governance of grand societal challenges.Contributors: D. Barberá-Tomás, M. Barbier, P. Biegelbauer, S. Borrás, A. Daemmrich, A. Delemarle, J. Edler, S. Kuhlmann, P. Larédo, D. Lehner, A. Loconto, J. Molas-Gallart, P. Stegmaier, E. Vignola-Gagné, V.R. VisserTrade Review'[The book] makes a very valid contribution. . . unpacking the uncertainty and the instability of the governance of complex systems while proposing some avenues to reduce the potentially excessive 'universality' of the concept. . . Efforts such as this one by Borrás et al. help pave the way in what remains a largely uncharted - yet fundamental field of research.' --Science & Public Policy'It is difficult to think of a more pressingly momentous political challenge than the topic addressed in this volume, and there could hardly be a better group of researchers to unfold key implications. In the broadest of senses referred to here, 'socio-technical systems' pervade all the great political dilemmas of the contemporary world. Across sectors spanning health, food, water, energy, environment and security, growing imperatives are recognised under diverse political perspectives for radically transformative change. What is needed is innovative interdisciplinary thinking combined with scholarly rigour and close attention to detail. And motivations are required that are more animated by enabling hope than by debilitating fear. All these qualities are evident in abundance in this timely and engaging volume. Offering the kinds of fresh ideas, intense commitment and expansive vision that are so essential to success, the authors and editors are to be congratulated on a robust and timely contribution.' --Andrew Stirling, University of Sussex, UK'The governance of change in socio-technical and innovation systems has been a neglected topic for too long. Finally, we have a collection which brings together an interdisciplinary perspective and points towards fresh empirical and theoretical possibilities. Ambitious and challenging but well-structured, this book suggests new interconnections between political science, science and technology studies, and economics. Any social scientist seeking to understand the governance of socio-technical change should start here.' --Alan Irwin, Dean of Research at Copenhagen Business School, DenmarkTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: On Governance, Systems and Change Susana Borrás and Jakob Edler 2. The Governance of Change in Socio-Technical and Innovation Systems: Three Pillars for a Conceptual Framework Susana Borrás and Jakob Edler 3. Anticipatory Markets: Technical Standards as a Governance Tool in the Development of Biodegradable Plastics Arthur Daemmrich 4. Transitioning Sustainability: Performing ‘Governing by Standards’ Allison Loconto and Marc Barbier 5. Governance and Technological Change: The Effects Of Regulation In Medical Devices David Barberá-Tomás and Jordi Molas-Gallart 6. The Discontinuation in Socio-Technical Systems as Governance Problem Peter Stegmaier, Stefan Kuhlmann and Vincent R. Visser 7. Translational Research: Entrepreneurship, Advocacy and Programmatic Work in the Governance of Biomedical Innovation Etienne Vignola-Gagné, Peter Biegelbauer and Daniel Lehner 8. Governing Radical Change Through the Building of a Governance Arrangement Aurélie Delemarle and Philippe Larédo 9. The Who, What, How and Why of Governing Change. First Lessons and Ways Forward Susana Borrás and Jakob Edler Index

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Book SynopsisInnovation underpins competitiveness, is crucial to addressing societal challenges, and its support has become a major public policy goal. But what really works in innovation policy, and why? This Handbook, compiled by leading experts in the field, is the first comprehensive guide to understanding the logic and effects of innovation polices. The Handbook develops a conceptualization and typology of innovation policies, presents meta-evaluations for 16 key innovation policy instruments and analyses evidence on policy-mix. For each policy instrument, underlying rationales and examples are presented, along with a critical analysis of the available impact evidence. Providing access to primary sources of impact analysis, the book offers an insightful assessment of innovation policy practice and its evaluation. The Handbook's final chapter draws overall conclusions, reflects on the merits and limits of evaluation and impact analysis in innovation policy and suggests tangible improvements.This Handbook is an indispensable source for researchers, analysts, students and practitioners of innovation policy at all levels, as well as all those interested in policy analysis and evaluation more generally.Contributors include: K. Blind, J. Cassingena Harper, P. Cunningham, J. Edler, K. Flanagan, A. Gök, D. Grimshaw, B. Jones, C. Köhler, P. Larédo, R. Ramlogan, C. Rammer, J. Rigby, P. Shapira, E. Uyarra, J. YoutieTrade Review'This is a highly important and timely Handbook. Innovation is of growing importance for future growth and wellbeing, as the foundation for new businesses, jobs and productivity growth, to help address climate change and other global challenges, and as way to improving public services. But we still know too little about what drives innovation, and which policies can make innovation work. This Handbook is an important effort to fill this gap. It provides a systematic analysis of the evidence on a wide range of innovation policy instruments, ranging from fiscal incentives to R&D, to cluster policies, to pre-commercial procurement. It also explores the various policy rationales that underpin innovation policies and provides practical examples of a wide range of policies. The Handbook will be a highly valuable reference for academics and policy makers alike, in OECD countries and beyond. It will certainly be a key source for the work of the OECD on innovation and innovation policy, and will hopefully be the start of further work to strengthen the evidence base for innovation policies.' --Dirk Pilat, Head, Science and Technology Policy Division, OECD Directorate for Science, Technology & Industry'Much more than a ''handbook'', this volume reviews what we have learned over 30 years of innovation policy and synthesizes the lessons into action. The timing could not be more crucial: Academics, policy makers, politicians, stakeholders and evaluators increasingly ask the question of "what works?" when it comes to innovation policy. The demand for innovation policy to deliver more growth, better competitiveness, and improved public services is growing. This Handbook sets the standard for learning in innovation policy, as it brings together and analyses the existing evidence on the full range of innovation policy measures. Analysis is at the core of the approach taken by the authors and editors, reporting on the breadth and quality of the underlying evidence. Its major merit lies in conceptualising innovation policy in ways that appeal to many stakeholders. The Handbook is not just cheerleading for innovation-it takes a critical stance on the meaning of context, the shortcomings of some existing evidence and methods, and the conditions and limits of policy interventions. It is a breakthrough in the literature on impact of innovation policy, of highest possible value to academics, evaluators, and policy makers who are making the tough decisions about the future of competitiveness and innovation.' --Caroline S. Wagner, Battelle Center for Science & Technology Policy, The Ohio State University, US and Editor of Science and Public Policy'Business, media and policymakers all increasingly emphasize innovation as a source of economic development and as a mean to tackle social challenges that arise. As a consequence the question of how public policy can stimulate innovation has received more attention, and a number of different policy instruments - and combinations of these - have emerged and also tried out in practice. This book, written by a highly qualified team of experts from the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, addresses the question of what is known about the effects of innovation policy, i.e., what works under which circumstances and why. For this purpose fifteen different types of innovation policy, ranging from for example R&D subsidies via public procurement to regulation and technology foresight, are distinguished and almost 600 previous evaluations of various aspects of innovation policy consulted. The interaction of different policies, e.g., the policy mix, is also considered. The highly authoritative volume offers a unique overview and synthesis of the available knowledge on innovation policy impacts. It will be indispensable reading for scholars as well as policy makers interested in this relatively new and rapidly growing field of public policy.'' --Jan Fagerberg, University of Oslo, NorwayTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: Making Sense of Innovation Policy Jakob Edler, Abdullah Gök, Paul Cunningham, and Philip Shapira 2. The Impact of Fiscal Incentives for R&D Philippe Larédo, Christian Köhler and Christian Rammer 3. The Impact of Direct Support to R&D and Innovation in Firms Paul Cunningham, Abdullah Gök and Philippe Larédo 4. The Impact of Skill Formation Policies on Innovation Barbara Jones and Damian Grimshaw 5. The Impact and Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Policy John Rigby and Ronnie Ramlogan 6. The Impact of Technology and Innovation Advisory Services Philip Shapira and Jan Youtie 7. The Impact of Cluster Policy on Innovation Elvira Uyarra and Ronnie Ramlogan 8. The Impact of Innovation Policy Schemes for Collaboration Paul Cunningham and Abdullah Gök 9. The Impact of Innovation Networks Paul Cunningham and Ronnie Ramlogan 10. The Impact of Policy Measures to Stimulate Private Demand for Innovation Jakob Edler 11. The Impact of Public Procurement of Innovation Elvira Uyarra 12. The Impact of Pre-Commercial Procurement on Innovation John Rigby 13. The Impact of Innovation Inducement Prizes Abdullah Gök 14. The Impact of Standardisation and Standards on Innovation Knut Blind 15. The Impact of Regulation on Innovation Knut Blind 16. The Impact of Technology Foresight on Innovation and Innovation Policy Jennifer Cassingena Harper 17. The Innovation Policy Mix Paul Cunningham, Jakob Edler, Kieron Flanagan and Philippe Larédo 18. Conclusions: Evidence on the Effectiveness of Innovation Policy Intervention Jakob Edler, Philip Shapira, Paul Cunningham and Abdullah Gök Index

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Book SynopsisThis is a very timely book! Public procurement for innovation has become a prominent tool of demand-side innovation policy in recent years. A better understanding of the underlying assumptions and intentions, as well as the opportunities of this bundle of instruments and their limitations, is highly relevant for both innovation policy analysts, students and practitioners. The book presents the latest knowledge and insights of world-leading experts in the field of public procurement for innovation.'- Stefan Kuhlmann, University of Twente, the Netherlands, President of the European Forum for Studies of Policies for Research and InnovationPublic procurement for innovation (PPI) is a demand-side innovation policy instrument. It occurs when a public organization places an order for the fulfillment of certain functions or needs, which cannot be met at that moment or within a reasonable period of time through a new or improved product.Providing evidence of the benefits to public and private actors from selective use of this policy instrument, this book illustrates the requirements and constraints for its operationalization. It significantly improves our knowledge of the key determinants of effective public procurement, aiming to promote innovative capabilities in the supplying sectors and beyond. It also provides case studies and conceptual contributions that help extend the frontier of our understanding in areas where there are still significant knowledge gaps.Scholars interested in the study of innovation policies and practitioners involved in the design, implementation and evaluation of PPI will benefit from this state-of-the-art exploration.Contributors: Y. Caloghirou, J. Edler, C. Edquist, A.T. Furtado, L. Georghiou, Y. Li, J. Nauta, P. Panaghiotopoulos, A. Protogerou, C. Garcia Ribeiro, J. Rigby, M. Rolfstam, L. Tsipouri, E. Uyarra, V. Valovirta, H. van Meerveld, N.S. Vonortas, G. Whyles, J. Yeow, J.M. Zabala-IturriagagoitiaTrade Review‘This book contributes in two ways: first, it defines concepts and proposes a PPI typology and methodological tools for implementation in future PPI studies to enable consistent comparisons among regions and countries. Second, it provides an empirical survey and case study evidence of the effectiveness of PPI in countries at different stages of development in Europe, the USA, China, and Brazil . . . This book is highly recommended.’? -- Science and Public Policy?‘This is a very timely book! Public procurement for innovation has become a prominent tool of demand-side innovation policy in recent years. A better understanding of the underlying assumptions and intentions, as well as the opportunities of this bundle of instruments and their limitations, is highly relevant for both innovation policy analysts, students and practitioners. The book presents the latest knowledge and insights of world-leading experts in the field of public procurement for innovation.’ -- Stefan Kuhlmann, University of Twente, the Netherlands, President of the European Forum for Studies of Policies for Research and Innovation‘This book introduces a range of PPI-related issues and concludes that more knowledge is needed about the organizational conditions for more efficient and effective PPI results. The concluding chapter summarizes the various contributions, draws some lessons from the case studies, and argues that more research on PPI would benefit from an evaluation of demand-side and innovation policies to provide new methods and frameworks to enhance their effectiveness. This book is highly recommended.’ -- Science and Public PolicyTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction Charles Edquist, Nicholas S. Vonortas and Jon Mikel Zabala-Iturriagagoitia PART I CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2. The Meaning and Limitations of Public Procurement for Innovation: A Supplier’s Experience Jakob Edler, Luke Georghiou, Elvira Uyarra and Jillian Yeow 3. Building Capability for Public Procurement of Innovation Ville Valovirta 4. Risk Management in Public Procurement of Innovation: A Conceptualisation Jakob Edler, Max Rolfstam, Lena Tsipouri and Elvira Uyarra 5. Forward Commitment Procurement and its Effect on Perceived Risks in PPI Projects. Hendrik van Meerveld, Joram Nauta and Gaynor Whyles PART II CASE STUDIES 6. Innovative Public Procurement in the United States Nicolas S. Vonortas 7. Public Procurement for Innovation Elements in the Chinese New Energy Vehicles Program Yanchao Li, Luke Georghiou and John Rigby 8. Public Procurement for eGovernment Services: Challenges and Problems Related to the Implementation of a New Innovative Scheme in Greek Local Authorities Yannis Caloghirou, Aimilia Protogerou and Panagiotis Panaghiotopoulos 9. Closing the Loop – Examining the Case of the Procurement of a Sustainable Innovation Jillian Yeow, Elvira Uyarra and Sally Gee 10. Public Procurement for Innovation in Developing Countries: The Case of Petrobras Cássio Garcia Ribeiro and André Tosi Furtado 11. Lessons, Limitations and Way Forward Jakob Edler, Charles Edquist, Nicholas S. Vonortas and Jon Mikel Zabala-Iturriagagoitia Index

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Book SynopsisScience and public policy go hand in hand, yet their relationship is fraught with tension. Society demands innovation through new research and technology, as well as ensuring that scientific progress is socially acceptable and sustainable. This Handbook examines the fluctuating relationship between public policy and science, and in particular the impact, both nationally and internationally of these changes on research. Examining the interlinked models of science and social policy, this Handbook addresses a number of overarching questions: what are the consequences of changing science policies for science and science systems? How far do these consequences go? Do they tackle the fundamental principles of science, its norms, standards, and reputation systems? And what impact does this have on modern science and technology? With contributions from leading scholars in the field, the Handbook on Science and Public Policy provides answers from a broad scope of theoretical and conceptual perspectives. This is a much-needed reference for students of public policy and politics, as well as for scholars with an interest in science policy in particular. The wide range of insights will also be of interest to analysts of science policy.Trade Review'Without any doubt, the relation between scientific practices and public policies has changed considerably over the past quarter of a century. Internationalization has increased, in the form of both co-operation and competition. Innovation has become a policy keyword for assessing scientific outcome, while scholars themselves have observed changes in knowledge production. New indicators for assessing scientific quality and impact have proliferated, and they are increasingly used as policy tools. Rich in both substance and diversity, this volume makes a big step towards providing a much-needed comprehensive assessment of a wide range of interrelated changes in the relation between science and public policy.' --Peter Wagner, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain'This Handbook offers a comprehensive analysis of the complex and fluid relationships between science, society and science policy. A combination of theoretical, empirical, comparative and transnational contributions by a multidisciplinary group of acknowledged scholars offers novel perspectives on forms of collaborative knowledge production and ways of renegotiating the contract between science, society and public policy. At a time of rising anti-science rhetoric, this volume offers a valuable counterweight, which should be widely read by academics and policy practitioners alike.' --Sigrid Quack, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany'This Handbook offers an interesting look at the evolving state-of-the-art research on science, public policy and society. A number of internationally leading scholars provide valuable empirical observations together with inspiring theoretical considerations regarding changes in societal, normative and epistemic foundations, in the configuration of actors, framings and governance arrangements, as well as an outlook on research challenges and opportunities. This is a highly recommended read for academics as well as for reflective practitioners.' --Daniel Barben, University of Klagenfurt, AustriaTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I Changing contract between science, society, and public policy 1. Next Generation Science Policy and Grand Challenges Stefan Kuhlmann and Arie Rip 2. Responsible Innovation and Responsible Research and Innovation Richard Owen and Mario Pansera 3. Normative answers – epistemic questions. Updating the science-society contract Sabine Maasen and Sascha Dickel 4. Re-making the modern constitution: The case for an observatory on public engagement practices Jan-Peter Voß Part II Changing national/global science and policy landscape 5. Global Science for Global Challenges Caroline S. Wagner 6. The current state of the art of science diplomacy Tim Flink and Nicolas Rüffin 7. Bringing the Rules Back In. Peer Review, Bureaucracy and the Reform of Science Governance in France (1960-2010) Jérôme Aust and Clémentine Gozlan 8. U.S. Scientific Collaboration on Research and Policy: The Necessity of Global Engagement Elizabeth A. Corley 9. Australian science policy: funding, focus and failings Karen Hussey, Christopher McEwan, Julia Playford Part III Changing actors and framings of science and public policy 10. Innovation and the Marginalisation of Research Benoît Godin 11. Changing Science Policies, Authority Relationships and Innovations in Public Science Systems Richard Whitley 12. Higher Education developments and the effects on Science Jeroen Huisman and Marco Seeber 13. New Forms of Policy Expertise Holger Strassheim and Weert Canzler 14. Innovation, excellence and reputation: The persistence of the German science system Andreas Knie and Dagmar Simon 15. Gender in European Research Policy Liudvika Leišytė Part IV Changing production of knowledge 16. Processing issues in science policy: emerging epistemic regimes Stefan Böschen 17. Changing Science Society Relations in the Digital Age: The Citizen Science Movement and its Broader Implications Martina Franzen 18. Triple Helix: A Universal Innovation Model? Henry Etzkowitz and Alice Zhou 19. Interdisciplinarity Put to Test: Science policy rhetoric vs. scientific practice – the case of integrating the social sciences and humanities in Horizon 2020 Julia Stamm Part V Changing governance of scientific research and related public policies 20. Changes in European Research and Innovation Governance: Coordination Effects & Membership Effects Susana Borrás 21. How Can Governance Change Research Content? Linking Science Policy Studies to the Sociology of Science Jochen Gläser 22. The changing governance of research systems. Agencification and organizational differentiation in research funding organizations Benedetto Lepori and Emanuela Reale 23. Globalization and the rise of rankings Paul Wouters 24. Assessing the Broader Impacts of Publicly Funded Research Claire Donovan Part VI Changing Studies of Science Policy, Science, and Innovation 25. Why science and innovation policy needs Science and Technology Studies? Robin Williams 26. The future of science policy and innovation studies: Some challenges and the factors underlying them Ben R. Martin Index

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Book SynopsisScience has become a central political concern with massive increases in public investment, but resources are embedded in a complex web of expectations that vary between countries and regions. This book outlines an insightful understanding of science policy as both concerning the governance of science itself through priority-setting, funding, organization and articulation with polity, society and economy, and its extra-organizational connections in terms of higher education, innovation and national policy concerns.The New Global Politics of Science examines how science and innovation have become truly global, and the consequences of this for scientists, policymakers and citizens. This book provides an overview of how research policies have evolved in different countries and contexts. It also examines how science research has been aligned with nation-building and state-formation, enmeshed in meta-governance, and how this relates to economic growth.Analysing how knowledge policies have been forged in their specific historical and geographical settings, this book will be an invaluable tool for scholars and policymakers in the fields of science, innovation and public policy.Trade Review'Mats Benner's The New Global Politics of Science: Knowledge, Markets and the State provides an analytically insightful and impressively wide ranging contemporary account of the governance, or ''knowledge politics'', of research across major national performers. The informed and balanced integration of analytical themes spanning national innovation systems, the politics of research, and science and technological studies make it a valuable contribution to several fields of study.' --Irwin Feller, Pennsylvania State University, US'Benner's ambitious book globalizes the field of knowledge policy, showing how the universal link between science and economic growth, across all world regions supersedes previous distinctions among nations based upon traditional political and military criteria.' --Henry Etzkowitz, Stanford University, US'The New Global Politics of Science ventures to study and analyze the growing national investment in science, including academic science. Mats Benner shows that while global forces are real and important, the nation-states and geography remain critical determinants of R&D productivity. His case study approach, including China, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United States, and the pan-European research area, explores both differences and similarities in regional science systems and the heightened sense of competition and shared responsibility. Science remains not only the Endless Frontier, but increasingly the primary means of economic and, one hopes, social progress.' --John Aubrey Douglass, University of California, Berkeley, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. The new global politics of research 2. China – the antinomies of catching up 3. India waits – The protracted route to a Knowledge State 4. Singapore and Hong Kong – small, similar but different 5. Why is there no knowledge policy in the United States? 6. The European Union – straddling interests and expectations 7. Europe beyond the European Union: a multitude of models 8. Reprise: the new global politics of research References Index

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Book SynopsisDifferent theories, models and narratives of innovation compete for both legitimacy and authority. However, despite the variations, they all offer a consistent pro-innovation bias, dismissing resistance as irrational, and overlooking the value of non-users and collateral impacts. This book asks, what has been left out? It offers a reflexive view and invites researchers to consider new avenues of research, through a critique of current representations of innovation. The chapters provide a different viewpoint on innovation by exploring what has been omitted from traditional innovation studies. The book examines imitation, non-innovative roles, resistance to innovation, slow innovation, the rationale of non-users, failure, withdrawal, collateral impacts and alternative models. Calling for new definitions and frameworks, the editors have created a critical program for innovation studies with new avenues for future research. Offering state-of-the-art discussion of theories, models, narratives and ideologies of innovation and alternative approaches, this book will be an essential resource for scholars in technology and innovation, management, engineering, political and social sciences. It will also appeal to policy-makers in the science and technology sector.Contributors include: C. Bagattolli, M.W. Bauer, L. Becerra, K. Berglund, T. Brandão, C. Cañibano, M.I. Encinar, G. Gaglio, S. Garrido, B. Godin, F. Goulet, J. Juhl, J. Langrish, K.-H. Leitner, F.-F. Muñoz, S.M. Pfotenhauer, B. Segercrantz, J. Söderberg, K.-E. Sveiby, H. Thomas, D. Vinck, L. VinselTrade Review‘There is much to explore in this volume, and much to look forward to as future scholars build upon it.. . . An interdisciplinary book such as Critical Studies of Innovation is a treasure because wrestling with these unique, and varying, perspectives can yield new insights to the -- curious and patient reader.’– Logan D. A. Williams, Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy‘Critical Studies of Innovation is a critically important and seminal work of outstanding scholarship that is unreservedly recommended for both college and university library collections and supplemental studies reading lists.’ -- Midwest Book Review‘This book provides an indispensable collection of insights into the world outside the nimbus of superiority that surrounds innovation to this day. The book is a treasure trove for any student and scholar and a must-have for any library!' -- ForesightTable of ContentsContents: Innovation: From the Forbidden to a Cliché Benoît Godin and Dominique Vinck Part I Problematic frameworks and narratives of innovation 1. Why is Imitation not Innovation? Benoît Godin 2. “Innovation fads” as an alternative research topic to pro-innovation bias. The examples of Jugaad and reverse innovation Gérald Gaglio 3. ‘Best practices’ as mimesis? Innovation policies in peripheral countries Tiago Brandão and Carolina Bagattolli 4. Innovation and the political state: Beyond the myth of technology and markets Sebastian M. Pfotenhauer and Joakim Juhl Part II What is left with the pro-innovation bias 5. Moving towards innovation through withdrawal: the neglect of destruction Frédéric Goulet and Dominique Vinck 6. Comparing two cases of outlaw innovation: file sharing and legal highs Johan Söderberg 7. Unattended consequences of innovation Karl-Erik Sveiby Part III Reactions to innovation 8. Resistance as a latent factor of innovation Martin W. Bauer 9. Socio-technical dynamics of counter-hegemony and resistance Hernan Thomas, Lucas Becerra and Santiago Garrido 10. “No” and “slow” innovation strategies as a response to increased innovation speed Karl-Heinz Leitner Part IV Alternatives frameworks 11. Learning thanks to innovation failure Dominique Vinck 12. The economic rationality of NOvative behavior Carolina Cañibano, María-Isabel Encinar and Félix-Fernando Muñoz 13. Regulatory enforcement as sociotechnical systems maintenance Lee Vinsel 14. A discourse analysis of innovation in academic management literature Beata Segercrantz, Karl-Erik Sveiby and Karin Berglund 15. Physics or biology as models for the study of innovation John Langrish Conclusion: Toward Critical Studies of Innovation Benoît Godin and Dominique Vinck Index

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the design and implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in rural areas, based on collaboration between well-known corporates and an international research organization. Researchers used various scientific tools and methods to enhance rural livelihoods and improve sustainable natural resources management. Including three chapters covering the philosophy and practices of CSR, this book covers emerging policies and their implications in India. Eight case studies based on actual practices explore climate-resilient agriculture, water footprint, improving livelihoods, diversification of crop pattern, enhancing crop productivity, and sustainable development in low rainfall regions. Five further chapters cover soil health improvement, improving rural wastewater management and enhancing rural livelihoods, based on various case studies. The book offers macro and micro perspectives of CSR work and its critical benefits to both community and natural resources. This book covers: Philosophy and practices of corporate social responsibility. Impact studies on improving livelihoods and sustainable development of natural resources. Process steps across various CSR initiatives. Distinct features of each corporate agency. This book will be useful to corporates, individuals involved in CSR work as well as students and researchers focused on agricultural development and the sustainable development of natural resources.Table of Contents1: Corporate Social Responsibility in India: Philosophy, Policy and Practice 2: A Holistic Approach for Achieving Impact through CSR 3: Building Soil Health, Improving Carbon Footprint and Minimizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions through CSR 4: CSR and Climate-resilient Agriculture – A JSW Case Study 5: Improving Livelihoods through Watershed Interventions: A Case Study of SABMiller India Project 6: Improved Livelihoods – A Case Study from Asian Paints Limited 7: Improving Water Availability and Diversification of Cropping Systems in Pilot Villages of North and Southern India 8: Scaling-up of Science-led Development – Sir Dorabji Tata Trust Initiative 9: Increasing Agricultural Productivity of Farming Systems in Parts of Central India – Sir Ratan Tata Trust Initiative 10: Sustainable Development of Fragile Low-rainfall Regions – Power Grid Corporation of India Initiative 11: Farmer-centric Integrated Water Management for Improving Livelihoods – A Case Study of Rural Electrification Corporation Limited 12: Improving Rural Wastewater Management 13: Learnings and a Way Forward

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Book SynopsisAt a time when Asia is rapidly growing in global influence, this much-needed and insightful book bridges two major current policy topics in order to offer a unique study of the latest smart city archetypes emerging throughout Asia. Highlighting the smart city aspirations of Asian countries and their role in Asian governments' new development strategies, this book draws out timely narratives and insights from a uniquely Asian context and policymaking space. Each carefully curated chapter studies a national or local government-led smart city project and how it specifically relates to local institutions, political dynamics and development challenges in a region that is rapidly urbanising and growing economically. Collectively, these pressing contributions offer a comparative look at the policies and practices of smart cities, seen through the lens of local scholars and experts. Thoughtful and engaging, this book will prove valuable reading for students and scholars of public policy and Asian studies, as well as those with a specific interest in urban studies and planning, and science and technology policy. Policymakers and practitioners will also benefit from the rich information and up-to-date analysis on offer. Contributors include: T. Chatterji, M.-Y. Foo, J.-S. Hwang, S.A. Imawan, Y.-M. Joo, C.K. Khoo, K.C. Lee, X. Li, M. Manning, K.-M. Nam, J.-i. Noh, O.-o. Poocharoen, A.B. Pratama, S. Roy, T.-B. Tan, J.L. Tao, P. Thiengburanathum, S.-s. Wu, X. Yang, M. Yarime, L. YeTrade Review‘This volume is a handy resource for scholars and practitioners seeking to identify relevant smart city policies, their evolution trajectories, and the government actors or agencies involved in their development in a particular country, just as the editors intended. The book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of Asian urbanism as well as those in public policy seeking to learn from the process of smart city policy developments outside the West.’ -- Nidhi Subramanyam, Journal of Urban Affairs‘Many cities have already started transitioning to smart cities as described in Smart Cities in Asia and will continue to emerge following the path of the cities explored in this informative and insightful collection of case studies containing valuable lessons for a smart city future to come.’ -- Balazs Laki, Progress in Development Studies‘Smart Cities in Asia is a timely addition to the ongoing debate about the local manifestation of this globally circulating policy idea.’ -- Christian Dimmer, Pacific Affairs'This book is a timely and welcome addition to the growing body of knowledge on smart cities in Asia. Covering major smart cities in East, Southeast and South Asia, it thoughtfully examines the reasons why these conurbations are eagerly jumping onto the smart cities bandwagon, their progress so far and the key policies introduced. Focusing on an increasingly important region in the global economy, this edited volume is not only an important contribution to the literature but also an essential read for anyone interested in smart cities in Asia.' --Kwok Yan Lam, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeTable of ContentsContents: 1 Smart cities in Asia: an introduction 1 Yu-Min Joo and Teck-Boon Tan SMART CITIES OF THE FOUR ASIAN TIGERS AND JAPAN 2 The Smart Nation: unpacking Singapore’s latest mega-digitalisation push 19 Yu-Min Joo, Teck-Boon Tan and Ming-Yee Foo 3 Smart-city vision and strategy in Hong Kong 38 Xin Li, Kyung-Min Nam and Chee Keong Khoo 4 Smart Taipei City: understanding policy motivations, approaches and implementation 61 Shang-su Wu 5 The evolution of smart city in South Korea: the smart city winter and the city-as-a-platform 78 Jong-Sung Hwang 6 Facilitating innovation for smart cities: the role of public policies in the case of Japan 93 Masaru Yarime SMART CITY INITIATIVES OF TWO ASIAN GIANTS 7 The smart city policy of India and its governance implications 108 Souvanic Roy and Tathagata Chatterji 8 Smart cities in China: development background, policy measures and implementations 127 Xinhui Yang and Lin Ye SECOND-TIER CITIES AND SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT 9 Bureaucratic readiness for smart city initiatives: a mini study in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia 148 Arif Budy Pratama and Satria Aji Imawan 10 The smart city as a complex adaptive system: the ebbs and flows of humans and materials 162 Ora-orn Poocharoen, Poon Thiengburanathum and Kian Cheng Lee 11 ‘Green’ and ‘smart’ in South Korea: conceptions from the state to the citizen 180 Michael Manning, Jill L. Tao and Jae-in Noh Index 199

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Book SynopsisThis insightful book explores the citizen-government relation, as mediated through artificial intelligence (AI). Through a critical lens, Jérôme Duberry examines the role of AI in the relation and its implications for the quality of liberal democracy and the strength of civic capacity.In his analysis of AI, Duberry covers three key objectives: illustrating where and how AI is used in the context of citizen-government relations; highlighting the specific risks of using AI for citizen-government relations; and calling for a dedicated framework for assessing AI in these contexts. The author assesses the promises and pitfalls of AI at various levels of the citizen-government relation, including citizen participation, civic technology and political communication. Employing empirical findings from in-depth case studies and interviews with 40 experts in the field, the book stresses the burgeoning need for an innovative, human-centric management of AI in the citizen-government relation based on risk assessment that prioritises equality, freedom, human rights and popular sovereignty.Intervening at a key watershed in the history of digital politics, this timely book is key reading for researchers and scholars of political science and public policy, particularly those studying the digital landscape of contemporary policy and politics. It also offers significant empirical insights into the benefits and risks of AI for policymakers and civil servants working with new technologies.Trade Review‘The work presented in this book is considerable and remarkable. This book, a true state of the art of transdisciplinary knowledge on the subject, constitutes a reference in this new field of study.’ -- Solange Ghernaouti, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland‘The author has tackled an extremely important topic at a pivotal moment. And he has done so with a structurally sound book that explores both the positive and negative potential afforded by digital technologies relating to democracy. Most importantly, there are well-substantiated conclusions found here on how exactly the tectonic shifts created by AI can be better understood and managed in democratic societies.’ -- Steven J. Barela, Université de Genève, Switzerland‘This is a remarkable effort to offer an insightful understanding of the complex place and functions that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is acquiring in contemporary politics and society. This is definitely a necessary and illuminating contribution to our understanding of the many opportunities and risks that the increasing use of AI unfolds for democratic participation.’ -- Josep Ibañez, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, SpainTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. AI to optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of public services 2. Policy entrepreneurs: Skills and resources to identify and exploit open policy windows 3. AI and information dissemination: Challenging citizens’ access to relevant and reliable information 4. AI in public and private forms of surveillance: Challenging trust in the citizen–government relations 5. AI and the persuasion industry: Eroding the policy entrepreneurial resources and skills of citizens 6. AI and the weaponization of information: Hybrid threats against trust between citizens and democratic institutions 7. AI and civic tech: Engaging citizens in decision-making processes but not without risks Concluding remarks Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This insightful Advanced Introduction provides an in-depth review of current U.S. technology policy, tracing the legislative history of policies such as the Economic Recovery Tax Act, the Small Business Innovation Development Act and the National Cooperative Research Act. The critical elements of the ecosystem in which technology policy exists are also discussed, with a particular focus on U.S. patent policy and U.S. investments in infrastructure technology. Key features include: Historical trace of U.S. technology policy ideas over the past 75 years Comparison of U.S. technology policies to those in other nations Agenda for future thinking about U.S. technology policy Integrated discussion of U.S. technology policy Economic rationale for U.S. technology policy This Advanced Introduction will be invaluable for international business leaders and policymakers, in addition to scholars in economics, public administration, business and public policy.Trade Review'Al Link and James Cunningham start their book by noting Vannevar Bush’s famed Science - The Endless Frontier. It is now the 75th anniversary of that work and we are overdue for a fresh look at the technology policy system Bush helped establish. Their work traces the institutional context for American technology policy and the core laws and policies that have evolved it, applying a clear grasp of the private sector's development role. Their book is a rich and thoughtful exploration, and a ''must read'' for all those interested in technology policy.' -- William Bonvillian, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US'Albert N. Link and James Cunningham provide a fresh perspective on the role of government in the now massive U.S. science and technology enterprise with their new book, Advanced Introduction to Technology Policy. The book is a comprehensive introduction to the scale and scope of U.S. technology policy today and well worth adding to the bookshelves of advanced students and practitioners alike. The authors carefully recap the changes in the relationship between government and technology development since the Cold War era, chronicle the forces shaping the technology policy landscape, and explore the five prominent policy options they consider to be the foundation for U.S. technology policy today. Concluding with a roadmap of the current maze of technology policy mechanisms, they identify what they view as two missing elements in today’s toolbox for enhancing the nation’s innovation engine.' -- Peter Blair, George Mason University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Context PART I POLICIES TO INCREASE PRIVATE-SECTOR R&D 2. Research tax credits 3. Research subsidies 4. Collaborative research incentives PART II POLICIES TO LEVERAGE PRIVATE-SECTOR R&D 5. Incentivizing patenting activity in the academic sector 6. Incentivizing patenting activity in the public sector PART III RECONCILING POLICY INITIATIVES 7. U.S. technology policy 8. Concluding remarks References Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This insightful Advanced Introduction provides an in-depth review of current U.S. technology policy, tracing the legislative history of policies such as the Economic Recovery Tax Act, the Small Business Innovation Development Act and the National Cooperative Research Act. The critical elements of the ecosystem in which technology policy exists are also discussed, with a particular focus on U.S. patent policy and U.S. investments in infrastructure technology. Key features include: Historical trace of U.S. technology policy ideas over the past 75 years Comparison of U.S. technology policies to those in other nations Agenda for future thinking about U.S. technology policy Integrated discussion of U.S. technology policy Economic rationale for U.S. technology policy This Advanced Introduction will be invaluable for international business leaders and policymakers, in addition to scholars in economics, public administration, business and public policy.Trade Review'Al Link and James Cunningham start their book by noting Vannevar Bush’s famed Science - The Endless Frontier. It is now the 75th anniversary of that work and we are overdue for a fresh look at the technology policy system Bush helped establish. Their work traces the institutional context for American technology policy and the core laws and policies that have evolved it, applying a clear grasp of the private sector's development role. Their book is a rich and thoughtful exploration, and a ''must read'' for all those interested in technology policy.' -- William Bonvillian, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US'Albert N. Link and James Cunningham provide a fresh perspective on the role of government in the now massive U.S. science and technology enterprise with their new book, Advanced Introduction to Technology Policy. The book is a comprehensive introduction to the scale and scope of U.S. technology policy today and well worth adding to the bookshelves of advanced students and practitioners alike. The authors carefully recap the changes in the relationship between government and technology development since the Cold War era, chronicle the forces shaping the technology policy landscape, and explore the five prominent policy options they consider to be the foundation for U.S. technology policy today. Concluding with a roadmap of the current maze of technology policy mechanisms, they identify what they view as two missing elements in today’s toolbox for enhancing the nation’s innovation engine.' -- Peter Blair, George Mason University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Context PART I POLICIES TO INCREASE PRIVATE-SECTOR R&D 2. Research tax credits 3. Research subsidies 4. Collaborative research incentives PART II POLICIES TO LEVERAGE PRIVATE-SECTOR R&D 5. Incentivizing patenting activity in the academic sector 6. Incentivizing patenting activity in the public sector PART III RECONCILING POLICY INITIATIVES 7. U.S. technology policy 8. Concluding remarks References Index

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