Relativity physics Books

Book SynopsisDesigned for non-specialists with no prior knowledge of physics and only reasonable proficiency with algebra, this book explains Einstein's theory of relativity. Diagrammed and with an emphasis on logical structure, this book guides readers through concepts of relative time and relative space.

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Book SynopsisEinstein's General Theory of Relativity leads to two remarkable predictions: first, that the ultimate destiny of many massive stars is to undergo gravitational collapse and to disappear from view, leaving behind a 'black hole' in space; and secondly, that there will exist singularities in space-time itself. These singularities are places where space-time begins or ends, and the presently known laws of physics break down. They will occur inside black holes, and in the past are what might be construed as the beginning of the universe. To show how these predictions arise, the authors discuss the General Theory of Relativity in the large. Starting with a precise formulation of the theory and an account of the necessary background of differential geometry, the significance of space-time curvature is discussed and the global properties of a number of exact solutions of Einstein's field equations are examined. The theory of the causal structure of a general space-time is developed, and is useTrade Review'The book is a masterpiece, written by sure hands.' Science'Certain to rank as an outstanding classic of the current advance of relativity theory.' Contemporary Physics'La parution de ce livre est un événement important …' La RechercheTable of ContentsPreface; 1. The role of gravity; 2. Differential geometry; 3. General relativity; 4. The physical significance of curvature; 5. Exact solutions; 6. Causal structure; 7. The Cauchy problem in General Relativity; 8. Space-time singularities; 9. Gravitational collapse and black holes; 10. The initial singularity in the universe; Appendixes; References; Notation; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of the subject of gravitational effects in quantum field theory. Although the treatment is general, special emphasis is given to the Hawking black hole evaporation effect, and to particle creation processes in the early universe. The last decade has witnessed a phenomenal growth in this subject. This is the first attempt to collect and unify the vast literature that has contributed to this development. All the major technical results are presented, and the theory is developed carefully from first principles. Here is everything that students or researchers will need to embark upon calculations involving quantum effects of gravity at the so-called one-loop approximation level.Trade Review'… the authors are to be congratulated on producing a timely work that should help to stimulate interest in this fascinating branch of theoretical physics.' Nature'This book is a clear and cogent introduction to a partially charted territory that has already proved remarkably fertile. The cultivation of new ideas should be greatly aided by providing graduate students with this coordinated textbook.' The Times Higher Education SupplementTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Quantum field theory in Minkowski space; 3. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime; 4. Flat spacetime examples; 5. Curved spacetime examples; 6. Stress-tensor renormalization; 7. Applications of renormalization techniques; 8. Quantum black holes; 9. Interacting fields; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn response to repeated requests this classic book on space-time structure by Professor Erwin SchrÃdinger is now available in the Cambridge Science Classics series. First published in 1950, and reprinted in 1954 and 1960, this lucid and profound exposition of Einstein's 1915 theory of gravitation still provides valuable reading for students and research workers in the field.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. The Unconnected Manifold: 1. Invariance; 2. Integrals; Part II. Affinely Connected Manifold: 3. Invariant derivatives; 4. Some relations between ordinary and invariant derivatives; 5. The notion of parallel transfer; 6. The curvature tensor; 7. The geodesics of an affine connexion; 8. The general geometrical hypothesis about gravitation; Part III. Metrically Connected Manifold: 9. Metrical affinities; 10. The meaning of the metric according to the special theory of relativity; 11. Conservation laws and variational principles; 12. Generalizations of Einstein's theory.

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Book SynopsisThis is a self-contained exposition of general relativity with emphasis given to tetrad and spinor structures and physical measurements on curved manifolds. General relativity is now essential to the understanding of modern physics, but the power of the theory cannot be fully explained without a detailed knowledge of its mathematical structure. The aim of this book is to introduce this structure, and then to use it to develop those applications that have been central to the growth of the theory. An overview of differential geometry is provided and properties of a tetrad field are then extensively analysed. These are used to introduce spinors, to describe the geometry of congruences and define the physical measurements on a curved manifold. The coupling of fields and geometry is investigated in terms of Lagrangeans and a detailed discussion of some exact solutions of the Einstein equations are provided.Trade Review' … a useful book with some unusual features which will win it a place on relativists' shelves and may be of interest to mathematical physicists in general.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsGeometry and physics: an overview; 1. The background manifold structure; 2. Differentiation; 3. The curvature; 4. Space-time and tetrad formalism; 5. Spinors and the classification of the Weyl tensor; 6. Coupling between fields and geometry; 7. Dynamics on curved manifolds; 8. Geometry of congruences; 9. Physical measurements in space-time; 10. Spherically symmetric solutions; 11. Axially symmetric solutions; References; Notation; Index.

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Book SynopsisIntroducing the theoretical ideas, observational methods and results, this textbook is a thorough introduction to the exciting field of dark energy. Ideally suited to graduate courses on dark energy, it contains problems with full solutions. Any calculations are worked through step-by-step.Trade Review'… tightly-packed, of a high standard, making appreciable demands upon the reader, student and researcher … [this book] succeeds in its purpose of bringing the reader closer to an appreciation of the wonders and the complexities that cosmology sets out to elucidate.' Contemporary Physics'One strength of Amendola and Tsujikawa's book is the level of detail it provides on dark energy models … comprehensive.' Joshua Frieman, Physics TodayTable of Contents1. Overview; 2. Expansion history of the universe; 3. Correlation function and power spectrum; 4. Basics of cosmological perturbation theory; 5. Observational evidence of dark energy; 6. Cosmological constant; 7. Dark energy as a modified form of matter I: quintessence; 8. Dark energy as a modified form of matter II; 9. Dark energy as a modification of gravity; 10. Cosmic acceleration without dark energy; 11. Dark energy and linear cosmological perturbations; 12. Non-linear cosmological perturbations; 13. Statistical methods in cosmology; 14. Future observational constraints on the nature of dark energy; 15. Conclusion and outlook; 16. Answers to the problems; 17. Mathematical appendix; Index.

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Book SynopsisQuantum gravity is perhaps the most important open problem in fundamental physics. It is the problem of merging quantum mechanics and general relativity, the two great conceptual revolutions in the physics of the twentieth century. The loop and spinfoam approach, presented in this 2004 book, is one of the leading research programs in the field. The first part of the book discusses the reformulation of the basis of classical and quantum Hamiltonian physics required by general relativity. The second part covers the basic technical research directions. Appendices include a detailed history of the subject of quantum gravity, hard-to-find mathematical material, and a discussion of some philosophical issues raised by the subject. This fascinating text is ideal for graduate students entering the field, as well as researchers already working in quantum gravity. It will also appeal to philosophers and other scholars interested in the nature of space and time.Trade Review'In spite of its sociological success string theory is still far from a solution of the problem of quantum gravity which should be considered as wide open. The book of Carlo Rovelli provides the basis, both at the technical and the conceptual level, for research in this fundamental problem of physics. The basic issues are clearly and deeply analyzed without any dogmatic stand and with great freedom of thoughts resulting in an invaluable opportunity to learn and think for both mathematicians and physicists.' Alain Connes, Collège de France, I.H.E.S. and Vanderbilt University'This is a truly great book! … a must for someone interested in quantum gravity.' Mathematical Reviews'… written very carefully and can be recommended highly to anybody interested in the broad field and in conceptual issues of quantum gravity … experts … will find many new and clear notes of the author's view of loop quantum gravity as one of its founders … a non-expert reader, after working through the book, will be well prepared to read up further details in research or review articles …' General Relativity and Gravitation JournalTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Terminology and notation; Part I. Relativistic Foundations: 1. General ideas and heuristic picture; 2. General relativity; 3. Mechanics; 4. Hamiltonian general relativity; 5. Quantum mechanics; Part II. Loop Quantum Gravity: 6. Quantum space; 7. Dynamics and matter; 8. Applications; 9. Quantum spacetime: spinfoams; 10. Conclusion; Part III. Appendices: References; Index.

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Book SynopsisCovering all aspects of gravitation in a contemporary style, this advanced textbook is ideal for graduate students and researchers. Its modular structure allows different sections to be combined to suit a variety of courses. There are more than 200 exercises and over 30 in-depth projects.Trade Review'This book is immensely impressive. It is full of insights and derivations that do not appear in other books. The serious student will appreciate the extensive coverage of advanced topics, notably of actions. One might say, the book is action-packed.' Andrew J. S. Hamilton, Professor of Astrophysics, University of Colorado, Boulder'… well written throughout … presents its material with admirable clarity and patience. It contains many topics that are not easily found in other relativity textbooks, at least not in the detail presented here … The book is a valuable contribution to the textbook literature on general relativity and will remain up-to-date for many years to come. It contains 225 exercises (without solutions), many of them highly original, and presents thirty projects that can be used to build a bridge between the exercise level and research work at the level of a master thesis and beyond. It is certainly not possible to cover the whole material in a 1-year course, but its modular structure enables the lecturer to make the selection that is needed for his or her purpose. I plan to use and test the book myself in my next course on relativity and cosmology.' General Relativity and Gravitation'Every topic is extremely well referenced and current … This book is likely to be an essential reference for any galaxy-formation-research student or professor. In the coming years I can see myself dipping into this treasure trove on a very regular basis.' Shaun Cole, The Observatory'Within minutes of opening the rich, heavy, full, yet succinctly written 728 pages I realised that this is a new and personal view on general relativity, which leads beyond many excellent standard textbooks and offers a challenging training ground for students with its original exercises and study topics … [I] highly recommend it to anyone interested in general relativity and related fields because it offers a modern update … if you are a bookworm like me, you must have it, because it is a great read from start to finish.' Cern Courier'The book is well written throughout and presents its material with admirable clarity and patience. It contains many topics that are not easily found in other relativity textbooks, at least not in the detail presented here … The book is a valuable contribution to the textbook literature on general relativity and will remain up-to-date for many years to come … I plan to use and test the book myself in my next course on relativity and cosmology.' Institut für Theoretische Physik'… a comprehensive textbook containing both the fundamental and the frontier aspects of gravitation theory. The book is a real pleasure to read by a reader with basic knowledge in mathematics and physics.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of Contents1. Special relativity; 2. Scalar and electromagnetic fields in special relativity; 3. Gravity and spacetime geometry: the inescapable connection; 4. Metric tensor, geodesics and covariant derivative; 5. Curvature of spacetime; 6. Einstein's field equations and gravitational dynamics; 7. Spherically symmetric geometry; 8. Black holes; 9. Gravitational waves; 10. Relativistic cosmology; 11. Differential forms and exterior calculus; 12. Hamiltonian structure of general relativity; 13. Evolution of cosmological perturbations; 14. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime; 15. Gravity in higher and lower dimensions; 16. Gravity as an emergent phenomenon; Notes; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe two towering achievements of modern physics are quantum theory and Einstein''s general theory of relativity. Together, they explain virtually everything about the world we live in. But, almost a century after their advent, most people haven''t the slightest clue what either is about.Did you know that there''s so much empty space inside matter that the entire human race could be squeezed into the volume of a sugar cube? Or that you grow old more quickly on the top floor of a building than on the ground floor? And did you realize that 1% of the static on a TV tuned between stations is the relic of the Big Bang? Marcus Chown, the bestselling author of What A Wonderful World and the Solar System app, explains all with characteristic wit, colour and clarity, from the Big Bang and Einstein''s general theory of relativity to probability, gravity and quantum theory. ''Chown discusses special and general relativity, probablity waves, quantum entang

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Book SynopsisSTEPHEN HAWKING was a brilliant theoretical physicist and is generally considered to have been one of the world's greatest thinkers. He held the position of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge for thirty years and is the author of A Brief History of Time which was an international bestseller. His other books for the general reader include A Briefer History of Time, the essay collection Black Holes and Baby Universe, The Universe in a Nutshell, The Grand Design, and Black Holes: The BBC Reith Lectures.He died on 14 March, 2018.Trade ReviewThis book marries a child's wonder to a genius's intellect. We journey into Hawking's universe, while marvelling at his mind * The Sunday Times *A Brief History of Time:'It is the publishing sensation of the past decade' * Spectator *

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Book SynopsisAlmost weightless and able to pass through the densest materials with ease, neutrinos may offer answers to questions ranging from relativity and quantum mechanics to more radical theories about dark energy and supersymmetry. Heinrich Päs serves as our fluent guide to a particle world that tests the boundaries of space, time, and human knowledge.Trade ReviewSome science books are good because they tell you a lot about science. Some are good because they present their examples and argument in very well written prose. A few do both. The Perfect Wave is one of the few… I can highly recommend The Perfect Wave as a pleasant and provocative way to gain insight into the way physicists think, and into the way the universe (probably) works. -- John Gribbin * Wall Street Journal *Päs for his part, places neutrinos within the broader context of contemporary high theory and delves deeper into the science. Physics buffs will relish his explanations, and not just of established ideas such a the seesaw mechanism. Neutrinos, Päs explains, may offer a way to probe the extra dimensions of space postulated by some ‘theories of everything.’ The puny particles’ weirdness, it seems, knows no end. * The Economist *The ghostly neutrino—a mutable, almost massless particle that can pass through dense substances—stars in this scientific history. Theoretical physicist Heinrich Päs surfs the decades of dazzling research since Wolfgang Pauli first posited the particle in 1930. Päs revisits key theorists such as Ettore Majorana, and lays out the work of groundbreaking labs from Los Alamos in New Mexico, where Fred Reines and Clyde Cowan first detected neutrinos in the early 1950s, to today’s vast IceCube neutrino observatory in Antarctica. * Nature *Written by one of the world’s leading experts in the field…Heinrich Päs’ book guides the reader through some difficult territory, covering the historical and philosophical developments that led to our understanding of the neutrino today. It is a peculiar route that navigates via such topics as the ancient Greek and magic mushrooms. Plus of course the obligatory cat that is simultaneously alive and dead… Though this book is written in simple language, don’t expect an easy read. There are some highly challenging ideas to get your head around—but it is worth making the effort. -- Paul Sutherland * BBC Sky at Night *Takes readers for a wild ride in pursuit of the neutrino—part ghost, part outlaw, part Holy Grail to theoretical physicists… From vast laboratories deep underground to the cutting edge Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory nearing completion in frigid Antarctica, Päs reveals the ‘world of madmen, dreamers, and visionaries’ who pursue the neutrino and its place in theoretical physics. * Publishers Weekly *Entertaining and evocative, Päs has written a breezy, readable account of particle physics, especially neutrino physics, in a lucid, lively narrative. -- Sandip Pakvasa, Professor of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa

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Book SynopsisRon Cowen offers a sweeping account of the century of experimentation that has consistently confirmed Einstein's general theory of relativity. He shows how we got from Eddington's pivotal observations of the 1919 eclipse to the Event Horizon Telescope, aimed at starlight wrapping around the black hole at our galaxy's center.Trade ReviewCowen is a gifted science writer and storyteller, and the story is amazing! -- John C. Mather, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics[Cowen’s] brisk, engaging narrative leads us from Einstein’s famous ‘thought experiments’ through theorists’ many (so far unsuccessful) attempts to marry quantum mechanics with general relativity, and up to recent (more successful) efforts to observe gravitational waves and black holes. * Wall Street Journal *There are some extremely clever ways to visualize how gravitation works in a Universe governed by General Relativity under a wide variety of physical conditions, and Cowen explores many of the classic ways you've probably seen before along with some incredibly creative ones that were new, even to me. -- Ethan Siegel * Forbes *A brief, accessible account of the 1919 eclipse and subsequent advances in cosmology, touching upon dark matter, dark energy, quantum gravity, and black holes. It’s a very quick and readable introduction to some of the exotic findings that came in Einstein’s wake. * Bookforum *This is as good a short introduction to Einstein’s thought as one could wish for. -- Simon Ings * The Spectator *In a conversational style, the veteran physics writer chronicles the field’s greatest hits in the century since a solar eclipse proved Einstein was right. -- Gemma Tarlach * Discover *A breezy and enjoyable read, a welcome addition to a crowded shelf of books on these topics. -- Peter Coles * Nature *Gravity’s Century is remarkably easy to follow and read. If you are a keen beginner, or just interested in some of the people behind the science, read this book. -- Laura Nuttall * BBC Sky at Night *This gracefully written history of 20th-century gravity research from science writer Cowen shines a light on a key aspect of modern physics…Filled with vivid descriptions of cutting-edge work and the scientists behind it, Cowen’s book is fascinating, both a learning experience and a pleasure to read. * Publishers Weekly (starred review) *A clear and compelling narrative about the development of our understanding of gravity and the universe, powered by Einstein and his cohorts. Cowen weaves together the historical and personal events leading to this revolution and brings us up to date with the ideas and speculations that will likely forge an even newer and more radical understanding of the nature of the world. -- George F. Smoot, winner of the Nobel Prize in PhysicsEinstein’s general theory of relativity radically changed our notions of space, gravity, and time. Gravity’s Century takes us from Einstein’s struggle to develop his theory up to the modern day—when the detection of gravitational waves from black holes has confirmed general relativity’s most audacious claims, even as scientists are still trying to reconcile the theory with the other great idea of twentieth-century physics, quantum mechanics. -- David Spergel, Princeton UniversityAccessible and compact…A great introduction to Einstein’s theory of general relativity and the century of research that has been testing his ideas since. -- Leon Vlieger * Inquisitive Biologist *A concise chronicle of the dramatic expansion of our knowledge of the universe, from the eclipse expeditions of 1919 to test Einstein’s theory of relativity, to the Event Horizon Telescope’s black hole images of 2019. -- Mike Perricone * Symmetry *Clear and readily intelligible to the non-specialist. -- Johannes E. Riutta * Well-Read Naturalist *Its informal, readable style hides an enormous amount of physics and a fair share of history. * Choice *[An] enjoyable read…Cowen does a good job of breaking down ideas so that they are easily understood…I would recommend Gravity’s Century to anyone with an interest in astrophysics in general, or in gravitation in particular. -- Earl Patrick Bellinger * Metascience *

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Book SynopsisSet in the turbulent post-World War I period, this volume finds Einstein awaiting news of the 1919 British eclipse expedition to test the general relativistic prediction of the deflection of starlight by the sun. It reveals facets of Einstein as he constructively participated in German and European scientific, academic, and cultural life.Trade Review"This is a real treat. The letters in the latest, brilliantly edited volume of his correspondence here were written around the time the 40-year-old Einstein blossomed from superstar physicist to global celebrity almost overnight, after his general relativity theory was apparently verified. It is fascinating to read how he coped with sudden hounding by press"riff-raff,' with scoffing anti-Semitic critics, as well as divorce, remarriage and his mother's death. What an extraordinary time, what revealing correspondence."--Graham Farmelo, New Scientist

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Book SynopsisDeep within galaxies like the Milky Way, astronomers have found a fascinating legacy of Einstein's general theory of relativity: supermassive black holes. Connected to the evolution of the galaxies that contain these black holes, galactic nuclei are the sites of uniquely energetic events, including quasars, stellar tidal disruptions, and the generaTrade Review"[T]his is a book that would be useful to anybody interested in the astrophysics of galaxies... I can recommend this book enthusiastically."--Anvar Shukurov, Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid DynamicsTable of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 1 Chapter 2 OBSERVATIONS OF GALACTIC NUCLEI AND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES 11 2.1 Structure of galaxies and galactic nuclei 11 2.2 Techniques for weighing black holes 18 2.3 Supermassive black holes in the Local Group 29 2.4 Phenomenology 33 2.5 Evidence for intermediate-mass black holes 45 2.6 Evidence for binary and multiple supermassive black holes 47 2.7 Gravitational waves 52 Chapter 3 COLLISIONLESS EQUILIBRIA 57 3.1 Orbits, integrals, and steady states 59 3.2 Spherical nuclei 72 3.3 The adiabatic growth model 90 3.4 Axisymmetric nuclei 93 3.5 Triaxial nuclei 100 Chapter 4 MOTION NEAR SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES 117 4.1 Keplerian orbits 120 4.2 Perturbed orbits 125 4.3 The post-Newtonian approximation 131 4.4 Newtonian perturbations 135 4.5 Relativistic orbits 157 4.6 Capture 176 4.7 Relativistic motion in the presence of a distributed mass 183 4.8 Motion in the presence of a second massive body 192 4.9 Stellar motions at the center of the Milky Way 203 Chapter 5 THEORY OF GRAVITATIONAL ENCOUNTERS 213 5.1 Basic concepts and time of relaxation 213 5.2 Diffusion coefficients 216 5.3 Fokker-Planck equation 236 5.4 Gravitational Brownian motion 246 5.5 Orbit-averaged Fokker-Planck equation 251 5.6 Gravitational encounters near a supermassive black hole 264 5.7 Encounters with a spinning supermassive black hole 277 Chapter 6 LOSS-CONE DYNAMICS 289 6.1 Spherical symmetry 297 6.2 Nonspherical nuclei 326 6.3 Binary and hypervelocity stars 341 6.4 Relativistic loss cones and extreme-mass-ratio inspirals 350 Chapter 7 COLLISIONAL EVOLUTION OF NUCLEI 361 7.1 Evolution of the stellar distribution around a supermassive black hole 366 7.2 Cusp (re)generation 383 7.3 Black-hole-driven expansion 390 7.4 Massive perturbers 391 7.5 Evolution of nuclei lacking massive black holes 395 Chapter 8 BINARY AND MULTIPLE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES 415 8.1 Interaction of a massive binary with field stars 417 8.2 Massive binary at the center of a galaxy: I. Early evolution 432 8.3 Massive binary at the center of a galaxy: II. Late evolution 446 8.4 Interaction of binary supermassive black holes with gas 462 8.5 Simulations of galaxy mergers 467 8.6 Dynamics of intermediate-mass black holes 468 8.7 Triple supermassive black holes and the final-parsec problem 483 Suggestions for Further Reading 489 References 493 Index 535

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Book SynopsisAfter completing the final version of his general theory of relativity in November 1915, Albert Einstein wrote a book about relativity for a popular audience. His intention was "to give an exact insight into the theory of relativity to those readers who, from a general scientific and philosophical point of view, are interested in the theory, but whTrade ReviewOne of Symmetry magazine's Physics Books of 2015 "I can still see some fugitive magic in Relativity ... it conjures Einstein as the oracle presenting a theory to the world--one of the most revolutionary and profound theories of all time."--Pedro Ferreira, Nature "Nobody is better at explaining relativity than Einstein himself; his account provides a combination of depth and clarity that only he could confidently produce... This 100th anniversary edition is complemented by commentary from Gutfreund and Renn, who clarify some key points and add historical perspective, making Einstein's own words even more accessible and meaningful."--Tom Siegfried, Science News "Hanoch Gutfreund, professor emeritus of theoretical physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Jurgen Renn, director of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, augment the 100th anniversary edition of [Relativity] with a reading companion to make Einstein's thinking clearer to present-day readers."--Mike Perricone, Symmetry MagazineTable of ContentsIntroduction xiii Einstein as a Missionary of Science 1 Einstein's Booklet: Relativity: The Special and the General Theory 7 PART I : The Special Theory of Relativity 1.Physical Meaning of Geometrical Propositions 11 2.The System of Co- ordinates 14 3.Space and Time in Classical Mechanics 18 4.The Galileian System of Co- ordinates 21 5.The Principle of Relativity (in the Restricted Sense) 23 6.The Theorem of the Addition of Velocities Employed in Classical Mechanics 27 7.The Apparent Incompatibility of the Law of Propagation of Light with the Principle of Relativity 28 8.On the Idea of Time in Physics 32 9.The Relativity of Simultaneity 36 10.On the Relativity of the Conception of Distance 39 11.The Lorentz Transformation 41 12.The Behaviour of Measuring- Rods and Clocks in Motion 47 13.Theorem of the Addition of the Velocities. The Experiment of Fizeau 50 14.The Heuristic Value of the Theory of Relativity 54 15.General Results of the Theory 56 16.Experience and the Special Theory of Relativity 62 17.Minkowski's Four- Dimensional Space 68 PART II: The General Theory of Relativity 18.Special and General Principle of Relativity 72 19.The Gravitational Field 76 20.The Equality of Inertial and Gravitational Mass as an Argument for the General Postulate of Relativity 80 21.In What Respects Are the Foundations of Classical Mechanics and of the Special Theory of Relativity Unsatisfactory? 85 22.A Few Inferences from the General Principle of Relativity 88 23.Behaviour of Clocks and Measuring- Rods on a Rotating Body of Reference 93 24.Euclidean and Non- Euclidean Continuum 97 25.Gaussian Co- ordinates 101 26.The Space- Time Continuum of the Special Theory of Relativity Considered as a Euclidean Continuum 106 27.The Space- Time Continuum of the General Theory of Relativity Is Not a Euclidean Continuum 109 28.Exact Formulation of the General Principle of Relativity 113 29.The Solution of the Problem of Gravitation on the Basis of the General Principle of Relativity 117 PART III: Considerations on the Universe as a Whole 30.Cosmological Diffi culties of Newton's Theory 122 31.The Possibility of a "Finite" and Yet "Unbounded" Universe 125 32.The Structure of Space According to the General Theory of Relativity 131 Appendixes 1.Simple Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation (Supplementary to Section 11) (1918) 133 2.Minkowski's Four- Dimensional Space ("World") (Supplementary to Section 17) (1918) 140 3.The Experimental Confi rmation of the General Theory of Relativity (1920) 142 4.The Structure of Space According to the General Theory of Relativity (Supplementary to Section 32) (1946) 153 5.Relativity and the Problem of Space (1953) 155 A Reading Companion: Thirteen Commentaries Physics and Geometry ( 1- 2) 180 Mechanics and Space ( 3- 6) 182 Light Propagation and Time ( 7- 9) 187 Light Propagation and Space ( 10- 12 and Appendix 1) 191 Physics in Relativistic Space and Time ( 13- 16) 193 The World of Four Dimensions ( 17 and Appendix 2) 201 From Special to General Relativity 204 Gravitation and Inertia ( 18- 21) 205 Acceleration, Clocks, and Rods ( 22- 23) 209 Gravitation and Geometry ( 24- 27) 213 Gravitation and General Relativity ( 28- 29) 218 The Challenge of Cosmology ( 30- 32 and Appendix 4) 222 The Relation between Theory and Experiment (Appendix 3) 226 The Changing Concept of Space (Appendix 5) 230 A History and Survey of Foreign-Language Editions The English Translation 244 The French Translation 247 The Italian Translation 252 The Spanish Translation 256 The Russian Translation 259 The Chinese Translation 262 The Japanese Translation 266 The Polish Translation 270 The Czech Translation 273 The Hebrew Translation 276 Concluding Remarks 279 Appended Documents A Letter from Walther Rathenau to Einstein 281 A Sample Page of Einstein's Handwriting 284 Manuscript of Appendix 3 of the Booklet 286 Further Reading 293 Index 297

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book is a very worthwhile, balanced, and useful summary of our current understanding of the fundamental laws of physics. Langacker covers a large amount of material in a very digestible way."—Savdeep Sethi, University of Chicago"Langacker is a renowned expert in particle physics who has made fundamental contributions to the field and lived through the golden era of the standard model. Not surprisingly, the scientific level of this informative book is impeccable."—Gian Francesco Giudice, author of A Zeptospace Odyssey: A Journey into the Physics of the LHC"Langacker has written a useful and informative book that brings the standard model to a broad audience of scientists and aspiring scientists who are interested in the current status of particle physics."—Tom Lubensky, University of PennsylvaniaTable of ContentsPreface vii 1. The Epic Quest 1 2 The Three Eras 7 2.1 The Ingredients 7 2.2 Prehistory 9 2.3 The Era of Exploration 12 2.4 The Standard Model Era 22 2.5 Beyond the Standard Model 26 3 Particles, Interactions, and Cosmology 29 3.1 The Fundamental Particles 29 3.2 The Interactions 35 3.3 Cosmology 41 4 The Standard Model 51 4.1 Gauge Invariance and QED 51 4.2 Internal Symmetries 65 4.3 Yang-Mills Theories 70 4.4 Quantum Chromodynamics 73 4.5 The SU(2) x U(1) Model 83 4.6 The Higgs Mechanism 86 4.7 The Electroweak Theory 91 5 What Don't We Know? 137 5.1 Arbitrariness and Tuning 138 5.2 Terra Incognita: Unanswered Questions 151 5.3 Are the Paradigms Correct? 163 6 How Will We Find Out? 175 6.1 The Ideas 175 6.2 The Tests 211 7. Epilogue: The Dream 223 Postscript: Run 2 226 Glossary 229 Bibliography 251 Index 259

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Any devotee of Einstein will relish the chance to parse this annotated facsimile of the physicist's original manuscript on general relativity... [Gutfreund and Renn's] cogent descriptions and the accompanying illustrations and documents open a fascinating window onto Einstein's otherwise inaccessible opus."--Scientific American "[Gutfreund and Renn] remind us of the charm a manuscript affords: rare glimpses into the working process of a great mind."--New Scientist "The Road to Relativity by Hanoch Gutfreund and Jurgen Renn reproduces the 45 handwritten--and hand-corrected--pages of Einstein's general theory, accompanied by extensive annotations on the science, its historical context and the implications for the future. The volume also includes a glossary of scientists and philosophers relevant to Einstein's work and some entertainingly lively illustrations--such as one of Einstein pouring coffee on a moving train to demonstrate that motion is relative--by Laurent Taudin."--Nancy Szokan, Washington Post "Gutfreund and Renn dissect every page of the manuscript, explaining the meaning of each passage and describing Einstein's thought processes leading up to it... The Road to Relativity is accessible and engaging."--Tom Siegfried, Science News "[A] wonderful book that combines a facsimile of Einstein's original manuscript, an English translation and a rich annotation."--Bill Condie, Cosmos MagazineTable of Contents*Frontmatter, pg. i*CONTENTS, pg. vii*A Brief Note on the Publication of this Work, pg. xi*Foreword, pg. xiii*Preface, pg. xvii*The Charm of a Manuscript, pg. 1*Einstein's Intellectual Odyssey to General Relativity, pg. 7*The Annotated Manuscript, pg. 37*Notes on the Annotation Pages, pg. 141*Postscript: The Drama Continues ..., pg. 149*A Chronology of the Genesis of General Relativity and its Formative Years, pg. 159*Physicists, Mathematicians, and Philosophers Relevant to Einstein's Thinking, pg. 165*Further Reading, pg. 179*English Translation of "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity", pg. 183*English Translation of "Hamilton's Principle and the General Theory of Relativity", pg. 227*Index, pg. 233

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Finalist for the PROSE Award in History of Science, Medicine, and Technology, Association of American Publishers""One of BBC Sky at Night Magazine's Best Astronomy and Space Books of 2019""One of Nature's Top Ten Books of 2019""[No Shadow of a Doubt] offers a richly detailed account of the protagonists and their success against long odds. Mr. Kennefick is at his most compelling when dissecting and refuting accusations of bias that have shrouded the historic feat."---Ray Jayawardhana, Wall Street Journal"Kennefick brings a thrilling mix of ingredients together into a . . . rewarding read: the chutzpah of Einstein; the glamour, luck and sense of adventure of eclipse-chasing; the audacity of planning such a demanding experiment during the first world war and executing it in its chaotic aftermath."---Anjana Ahuja, Financial Times"Physicist Kennefick narrates the buildup to, and fallout from, the experiment that confirmed Einstein’s radical idea and made him an international star."---Andrea Gawrylewski, Scientific American"Meticulously researched and vividly written, [this] account is sure to become the standard reference work on this fascinating example of ‘Big Science’."---Peter Coles, Nature"[An] insightful biography."---Simon Ings, The Spectator"This is a fascinating book, full of insights into the relationship between theory and experimental proof, and the relationship between science, internationalism, and war."---Emily Winterburn, BBC Sky at Night Magazine"A detailed and scholarly examination of the 1919 eclipse expeditions . . . a wonderfully rich and authoritative study of the way science worked in 1919 (“a golden age for astronomy”)."---P. D. Smith, Times Literary Supplement"[Kennefick’s] purpose is to very thoroughly rebut the skeptics, which he accomplishes in part through a careful and technical review of the instruments, the data, and an astronomer’s 1978 reanalysis of the data using a computer, but also by standing up for Frank Dyson."---Karen Olsson, Bookforum"Daniel Kennefick’s wonderful No Shadow of a Doubt has something for everyone, and I highly recommend it, especially in this centennial year."---Jay M. Pasachoff, Key Reporter"[An] excellent book . . . [this] story, in Kennefick’s hands, is well told, with plenty to interest the non-specialist and the more expert reader alike"---Andy Sawyers, British Astronomical Association"Even if shadows and doubts about the 1919 findings remain, this thoughtful and rigorous book at least lays several old myths to rest."---Suman Seth, American Scientist"Daniel Kennefick’s is the most detailed study of the eclipse expedition to date."---Alexei B. Kojevnikov, American Journal of Physics"[Kennefick] celebrates the 100th anniversary of that eclipse by providing us with a detailed, engagingly written, and extremely well-referenced account of the results and their purported confirmation of General Relativity."---David W. Hughes, The Observatory"Rather than privileging the roles of Eddington and Einstein, as other works have done, Kennefick places Einstein and even, to some extent, Eddington in the back seat, focusing instead on Sir Frank Dyson, the instruments and methods used, and the astronomical institutions associated with the expedition. Such an approach shows that the experimental verification of a theory does not lie with single figures but is often driven by several individuals and institutions—their environments, epoch, and instrumentation."---Tiffany Nichols, Isis

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Einstein Was Right is a compelling and thought-provoking account of one of the most thrilling scientific discoveries of the modern age travel." * Society for the History of Astronomy Bulletin *"The book is in general well written and the articles are all interesting and informative. In spite of my decades-long acquaintance with the subject, I found much material that I was not familiar with and which was enlightening."---Ajit Kembhavi, Current Science

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Finalist for the PROSE Award in History of Science, Medicine, and Technology, Association of American Publishers""One of BBC Sky at Night Magazine's Best Astronomy and Space Books of 2019""One of Nature's Top Ten Books of 2019"

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Book SynopsisIn Einstein: A Biography, Jurgen Neffe presents a clear and probing portrait of the man behind the myth. He recounts Einstein's life with detail and accuracy, presenting a comprehensive account of the educational, religious, psychological and historical conditions that enabled Einstein to become the ber-physicist of all time.Trade Review"Exhilarating [...] Neffe's zingy, dramatic style - for which we must offer congratulations to his translator, Shelley Frisch - sometimes calls to mind the New Yorker's John McPhee: his pages are rich in odd facts, take us deep into what one might call the Einstein industry and display both reverence for the genius and lèse-majesté before the man." Washington Post

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Book SynopsisThis book explains the Lorentz mathematical group in alanguage familiar to physicists. This new edition extends applications tooptical sciences and includes five new chapters on applications in statisticalphysics, condensed matter physics. quantum optics and quantum information and artificialintelligence.

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Book SynopsisMartinez draws from an unparalleled wealth of sources to demonstrate why it is essential to the study and evolution of physics today.Trade ReviewFascinating... Recommended. Choice The author uses clear and easy-to-understand language to describe how kinematics is essential to the modern study of physics. Scitech Book News 2010 A great deal of interesting historical material on kinematic ideas... the story of Einstein's pathway to discovery is a gem... an illuminating pleasure to read. Einstein, the smasher of earlier images of physics, would have been the first to applaud this very human account of himself and this period of his life. Perhaps this text will turn out to be inspirational reading for some future young Einstein! -- Peter J. Bussey Contemporary Physics 2011 The book is really two books in one... Martinez deserves our gratitude for digging up a rich selection of recollections. Physics in Perspective 2011 This often-overlooked branch of mechanics, which describes objects' motion, provided the foundation for special relativity. Science News Martinez draws from an unparalleled wealth of sources. -- Hans-Jurgen Schmidt Zentralblatt Math 2011Table of ContentsPreface1. Big Picture: Rise of a Rejected Science2. Where to Begin? Invisible Causes or Visible Motions3. Ambiguous Truths: The Allegedly Pure Science of Motion4. Debates over Language: Coordinates versus Vectors5. Scientific Definitions: The Concepts of Space and Time6. Discovery and Invention: Conceptual Origins of Einstein's Relativity7. Text and Equations: Elements of Einstein's Kinematics8. Critical History: The Algebra of MotionBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisWas there a beginning of time? Could time run backwards? Is the universe infinite or does it have boundaries?These are just some of the questions considered in the internationally acclaimed masterpiece by the world renowned physicist - generally considered to have been one of the world''s greatest thinkers. It begins by reviewing the great theories of the cosmos from Newton to Einstein, before delving into the secrets which still lie at the heart of space and time, from the Big Bang to black holes, via spiral galaxies and strong theory. To this day A Brief History of Time remains a staple of the scientific canon, and its succinct and clear language continues to introduce millions to the universe and its wonders.This new edition includes recent updates from Stephen Hawking with his latest thoughts about the No Boundary Proposal and offers new information about dark energy, the information paradox, eternal inflation, the microwave background radiation observations, and the discovery of gravitational waves. It was published in tandem with the app, Stephen Hawking''s Pocket Universe.Trade ReviewThis app/book version of Hawking's famous laymen book is just an amazing piece of learning. This makes much more accessible and understandable the complex and awesome topics dealt by Hawking as he explains how our universe works. I am just in awe at how creative he is to produce one of a kind e-book like this. The pace, illustrations and connections of topics within the book are so helpful and so appropriate for the new generation used to tweets and small bites of information. You can flip over some topics when you have some time, learn some amazing fact, and come back later which no rush or worry about how fast you are progressing through the book. Hope other books on complex topics are translated to this format. And I love the updates of the latest science since the publication of the original book. We have learned so much in the last decade that I agree with Hawking, it is an honour to live in this times. * Ribozyme *Master of the Universe... One scientist's courageous voyage to the frontiers of the Cosmos * Newsweek *This book marries a child's wonder to a genius's intellect. We journey into Hawking's universe, while marvelling at his mind * The Sunday Times *He can explain the complexities of cosmological physics with an engaging combination of clarity and wit... His is a brain of extraordinary power * Observer *To follow such a fine mind as it exposes such great problems is an exciting experience * The Sunday Times *

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Book SynopsisBlack holes are one of the most remarkable predictions of Einstein's general relativity. In recent years, ideas in brane-world cosmology, string theory and gauge/gravity duality have motivated studies of black holes in more than four dimensions, with surprising results. In higher dimensions, black holes exist with exotic shapes and unusual dynamics. Edited by leading expert Gary Horowitz, this exciting book is the first devoted to this new field. The major discoveries are explained by the people who made them: Rob Myers describes the MyersâPerry solutions that represent rotating black holes in higher dimensions; Ruth Gregory describes the GregoryâLaflamme instability of black strings; and Juan Maldacena introduces gauge/gravity duality, the remarkable correspondence that relates a gravitational theory to nongravitational physics. Accessible to anyone with a standard course in general relativity, this is an important resource for graduate students and researchers in general relativity, Table of ContentsList of contributors; Preface; Part I. Introduction: 1. Black holes in four dimensions Gary Horowitz; Part II. Five Dimensional Kaluza–Klein Theory: 2. The Gregory–Laflamme instability Ruth Gregory; 3. Final state of Gregory–Laflamme instability Luis Lehner and Frans Pretorius; 4. General black holes in Kaluza–Klein theory Gary Horowitz and Toby Wiseman; Part III. Higher Dimensional Solutions: 5. Myers–Perry black holes Rob Myers; 6. Black rings Roberto Emparan and Harvey Reall; Part IV. General Properties: 7. Constraints on the topology of higher dimensional black holes Greg Galloway; 8. Blackfolds Roberto Emparan; 9. Algebraically special solutions in higher dimensions Harvey Reall; 10. Numerical construction of static and stationary black holes Toby Wiseman; Part V. Advanced Topics: 11. Black holes and branes in supergravity Don Marolf; 12. The gauge/gravity duality Juan Maldacena; 13. The fluid/gravity correspondence Veronika Hubeny, Mukund Rangamani and Shiraz Minwalla; 14. Horizons, holography and condensed matter Sean Hartnoll; Index.

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Book SynopsisLectures on Astrophysics provides an account of classic and contemporary aspects of astrophysics, with an emphasis on analytic calculations and physical understanding. It introduces fundamental topics in astrophysics, including the properties of single and binary stars, the phenomena associated with interstellar matter, and the structure of galaxies. Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg combines exceptional physical insight with his gift for clear exposition to cover exciting recent developments and new results. Emphasizing theoretical results, and explaining their derivation and application, this book provides an invaluable resource for physics and astronomy students and researchers.Trade Review'This book is entitled 'Lectures on Astrophysics' and indeed is based on notes for courses on astrophysics delivered in recent years. Thus the material is road-tested and, as is necessary in any lecture course, compromises have been made on the scope of the work in order to make the treatment digestible.' K. Alan Shore, Contemporary Physics'I would have to say that the stronger you are at mathematics, the more you will get out of the book. But even if you feel that you are not heavily mathematically inclined, the explanatory texts in the equation-free paragraphs are a model of clarity. The book is strong on modern topics, so, if you haven't updated your astrophysics teaching notes for a long time, and you wish to update them with modern topics, this is just the very book you need.' Jeremy Tatum, The Observatory'Steven Weinberg has written a self-contained and relatively short account of the foundations of astrophysics, from stars to galaxies. The result is extremely pleasant and particularly suitable for students and young practitioners in the field … Weinberg's books always stimulate a wealth of considerations on the mutual interplay of particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology, and the problems of dark matter, dark energy, gravitational waves and neutrino masses are today so interlocked that it is quite difficult to say where particle physics stops and astrophysics takes over. If we want to understand the developments of fundamental physics in coming years, Lectures on Astrophysics will be an inspiring source of reflections and a valid reference.' Massimo Giovannini, CERN Courier'… based on lectures delivered in 2016 and 2017. In a text that is clear and concise, and supported by analytical equations that do not require a computer to solve, Weinberg frequently offers the reader insight into the essential physical concepts by doing approximate calculations. He also provides twelve problems for the reader to attempt to solve, … The book is strongly recommended to libraries supporting readers at the graduate and advanced undergraduate level.' T. Barker, ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface: 1. Stars; 2. Binaries; 3. Interstellar matter; 4. Galaxies; Assorted problems; Author index; Subject index.

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Book SynopsisSpacetime and Geometry is an introductory textbook on general relativity, specifically aimed at students. Using a lucid and approachable style, it covers the foundations of the theory, mathematical formalism, and the major applications of general relativity including black holes, gravitational waves and cosmology.Trade Review'… the best book on contemporary gravitational physics for beginning graduate students to established researchers. It will remain one of the leading textbooks on gravity for years to come.' Renata Kallosh, Stanford University, California'Carroll brings a relaxed authority to the teaching of general relativity at the graduate level. The text is beautifully written and succeeds in linking modern mathematical formalism to physical applications.' Roger Blandford, Stanford University, California'This book is a gem. Carroll's course at Massachusetts Institute of Technology remains legendary and this book can be expected to spread the legend worldwide. Carroll give a clear, well-motivated, and lively development of general relativity.' Alan Guth, Massachusetts Institute of Technology'An excellent graduate text in general relativity written with an informal yet sophisticated style. It provides an efficient introduction to the gravitational physics essential for today's understanding of black holes, gravitational waves, and the universe.' Jim Hartle, University of California, Santa Barbara'I recommend the book for those who know little about GR but want to learn more; it is a useful bridge between more-qualitative or even popular introductions and more-advanced textbooks.' Phillip Helbig, The ObservatoryTable of Contents1. Special relativity and flat spacetime; 2. Manifolds; 3. Curvature; 4. Gravitation; 5. The Schwarzchild solution; 6. More general black holes; 7. Perturbation theory and gravitational radiation; 8. Cosmology; 9. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime; 10. Appendixes; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisCosmology has been transformed by dramatic progress in high-precision observations and theoretical modelling. This book surveys key developments and open issues for graduate students and researchers. Using a relativistic geometric approach, it focuses on the general concepts and relations that underpin the standard model of the Universe. Part I covers foundations of relativistic cosmology whilst Part II develops the dynamical and observational relations for all models of the Universe based on general relativity. Part III focuses on the standard model of cosmology, including inflation, dark matter, dark energy, perturbation theory, the cosmic microwave background, structure formation and gravitational lensing. It also examines modified gravity and inhomogeneity as possible alternatives to dark energy. Anisotropic and inhomogeneous models are described in Part IV, and Part V reviews deeper issues, such as quantum cosmology, the start of the universe and the multiverse proposal. Colour veTrade Review"… fills a gap in the existing literature on the subject. Written by three experts of General Relativity, it stresses the geometric aspects of cosmology and contains topics which are neglected in most texts on the subject: it discusses fundamental issues like the Copernican principle and the light-cone approach to cosmological observations. I like especially Part 3, where gauge-invariant, covariant cosmological perturbation theory is employed to study structure formation, fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background and different aspects of the Dark Energy problem including, especially a thorough discussion of backreaction. Finally, anisotropic and inhomogeneous models are presented, which at the present status of cosmology research, may turn out to be more than an academic exercise. This text, which always stresses the open questions on each given topic is very valuable and timely for graduate students and researchers in the field. Especially in view of the ’Dark Energy challenge’ which requires that we explore all avenues which may shed light in the bizarre apparent acceleration of cosmic expansion. The book helps us to take the necessary step back and re-consider the fundamental assumptions which go into the present cosmological standard model." Ruth Durrer, University of Geneva"… a timely offering to the interested graduate student, as well as the astrophysicist realizing that the new astronomical data need concepts from general relativity for their correct interpretation. The authors have been well known for their untiring efforts to educate us all in the use of the general relativistic framework. They have over the years written on many topics concerning observational and theoretical aspects of cosmology. Fortunately now, all this work is integrated into the book in a standardized description which covers all the topics important for cosmology such as gravitational lensing, evolution of small perturbations in cosmological models, the relativistic effects important in the analysis of high redshift objects, the cosmic microwave background, etc. The necessary formalism is laid out lucidly, and elegantly. Deeper issues such as the significance of an inflationary phase, the question of how special our universe is, and even quantum cosmology are addressed. Different cosmological models are presented to illuminate how and to what precision observations single out a specific model. I highly recommend the book." Gerhard Börner, Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik and the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München"As more and more accurate observational data of the Universe are accumulating, scientists are now well aware of the necessity of taking full account of general relativistic effects for correct interpretations of the observational data. This is exactly the kind of book that can offer you an occasion to learn such effects in cosmology systematically. The broadness of the topics covered is impressive. Yet, each topic is touched in an admirably concise and clear manner. This book will surely take you to frontiers of cosmology." Professor Misao Sasaki, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University"The science of the Universe has taken Physics and Astronomy by storm over the last few decades. The phenomenal progress in measuring the state of the Universe has made cosmology the premier field of research. While the current theoretical tools have proven to be more than adequate, Relativistic Cosmology now takes cosmology to a new level of sophistication. Ellis, MacCallum and Maartens have brought the geometry space time once again to the fore in a wonderfully comprehensive and coherent survey of the mathematical and physical techniques that need to be deployed to truly understand the origin and evolution of the Universe. This book will become an instant classic." Pedro Ferreira, University of Oxford"… a very welcome addition to the textbook literature, and I can only hope that many authors will adopt the careful and critical style in which this text is written. I recommend it to everyone who has mastered a first course in cosmology at the graduate level and seeks a deeper understanding of cosmological models and their relation to observations." Thomas Peters, Contemporary Physics"… a valuable and inspiring resource … [the authors] are well-known experts in general relativity and cosmology … The layout and graphics of the book are quite appealing. The book's Exercises help the reader to reflect on the presented ideas and concepts, and its Problems highlight unsolved issues in modern cosmology. An extensive index and table of contents make it easy to find a topic of interest … I strongly recommend, Relativistic Cosmology … Best suited for graduate students, postdocs, and senior researchers, it offers a lot to explore and to learn about this exciting topic." Dominik J. Schwarz, Physics Today,"… a book that makes the mathematical and theoretical aspects of relativistic cosmology accessible to the interested reader, but also a book that bridges the divide between the fields of theory and observation in modern cosmology … I found this book to be a clear and concise summary of the many different aspects of relativistic cosmology … it will certainly be a valuable tool for graduate students and researchers alike. I will be recommending it as reading material for my own PhD students, and suspect that I will be frequently returning to it myself as reference material. It is a valuable contribution to the subject." Timothy Clifton, General Relativity and GravitationTable of ContentsPart I. Foundations: 1. The nature of cosmology; 2. Geometry; 3. Classical physics and gravity; Part II. Relativistic Cosmological Models: 4. Kinematics of cosmological models; 5. Matter in the Universe; 6. Dynamics of cosmological models; 7. Observations in cosmological models; 8. Light-cone approach to relativistic cosmology; Part III. The Standard Model and Extensions: 9. Homogeneous FLRW universes; 10. Perturbations of FLRW universes; 11. The cosmic background radiation; 12. Structure formation and gravitational lensing; 13. Confronting the Standard Model with observations; 14. Acceleration from dark energy or modified gravity; 15. 'Acceleration' from large scale inhomogeneity?; 16. 'Acceleration' from small scale inhomogeneity?; Part IV. Anisotropic and Inhomogeneous Models: 17. The space of cosmological models; 18. Spatially homogeneous anisotropic models; 19. Inhomogeneous models; Part V. Broader Perspective: 20. Quantum gravity and the start of the Universe; 21. Cosmology in a larger setting; 22. Conclusion: our picture of the Universe; Appendix; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe book aims to expound the general theory of relativity with a mathematical point of view. Catering to the needs of postgraduate students and researchers in the field of astrophysics and mathematical physics, it offers the readers a comprehensive understanding of the advanced topics of the subject matter. It specifically discusses the mathematical foundation of tensor calculus, gives a background of geodesics, Einstein''s field equations, linearised gravity, spacetime of spherically symmetric distribution of matter and black holes, and particle and photon orbits in spacetime. Apart from the formulation of general relativity, Lie derivatives and its applications, and causality of spacetime are also discussed in detail. Certain preliminary concepts of extrinsic curvature, Lagrangian formalism of general theory of relativity and 3 + 1 decomposition of space-time are covered and are provided in the book as appendices.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgement; 1. Tensor calculus – a brief overview; 2. Geodesics; 3. Einstein field equations; 4. Linearized gravity; 5. Lie derivatives and Killing's equation; 6. Spacetimes of spherically symmetric distribution of matter and black holes; 7. Particle and photon orbits in the Schwarzschild spacetime; 8. Causal structure of spacetime; 9. Exact solutions of Einstein equations and their causal structures; 10. Rotating Black holes; 11. Elementary cosmology; 12. Elementary astrophysics; Appendix A. Extrinsic curvature; Appendix B. Lagrangian formalism of general relativity; Appendix C. 3+1 decomposition; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe next time someone asks you why the government wastes its money on weird research, recall the intriguing stories James has told and tell them the answer.Trade ReviewCelebration of ingenuity and the scientific process... filled with troves of examples of how scientific research can transform our lives in important yet often unpredictable ways. -- Sid Perkins Science News Possessing a talent for crisp analogies that elucidate complex scientific concepts, the author elaborates on five examples in clear, easily digestible prose. ChoiceTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart I: Finding Ourselves1. A Brief History of Timing2. Going with the Flow3. From Principia to Principe4. The Attraction of Time5. Fine-tuning Our Clocks6. Around the World in 80 Hours (Give or Take)Part II: Identity Crisis7. One Strand8. Two Strands9. The First Rungs of the Ladder10. Interchangeable Pieces11. Igniting the Fuse12. Breaking Down, Building Up13. A Curious Boy14. Copycat15. Molecule of the Year16. The Genetic Bread MachinePart III: Finding a Hot Spot17. A Universal "Hot Spot"18. Classic Black19. A Tunnel to Oblivion20. Chasing Wild Geese21. Going Wireless22. Where Credit Is Due23. Anatomy of a Successful FailurePart IV: Pick Your Poison24. Desperate Times, Desperate Measures25. Barking up the Right Tree26. The Inside Story on Pain27. A Bitter Sting28. A Simple Question29. The Gift of the MagusPart V: Dreaming of the Star Treatment30. Ingredients of the Stars31. The Sun's Secret Recipe32. Reading between the Lines33. Through a Star Darkly34. The Opacity Project35. The Iron Lady and the Gold Standard36. Therapy of the StarsAfterwordReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the known properties of matter in the plasma state, going from the fundamentals to astrophysical applications. It features examples of scientific problems, as well as numerous illustrations and appendices.Trade Review“‘Physics of the Plasma Universe Second Edition’ by Anthony L. Perrat is a profound guide dedicated to plasma physics in the Solar System … . It is addressed to graduate students and researchers working in the field of cosmic plasma. … The book is an excellent manual for young and experienced scientists interested in plasma physics. … The second edition incorporates many recent results and makes the book an up-to-date guide through the science of plasma in the Universe.” (Alicja Wierzcholska and Hubert Siejkowski, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 174, 2017)“Anyone who has spent time engaged in research or in teaching in the field of plasma physics will know that it contains a wide variety of elements, both in terms of the physical theories that support it and the phenomena to which it can be applied. … those looking for an eventful up-to-date guided tour through some of the key sites of the plasma universe may well find what they are looking for here.” (Terry Robinson, The Observatory, Vol. 135 (1248), October, 2015)“This book is the result of four decades of research work of a well-known specialist, this period has been spent in different frontiers of plasma research. … congratulations to the author for having written this volume, and warmest stimulations to the readers: they shall be pleased reading this book!” (Iván Abonyi, zbMATH 1306.82001, 2015)Table of ContentsCosmic Plasma Fundamentals.- Birkeland Currents in Cosmic Plasma.- Biot-Savart Law in Cosmic Plasma.- Electric Fields in Cosmic Plasma.- Double Layers in Astrophysics.- Synchrotron Radiation.- Transport of Cosmic Radiation.- Critical Ionization Effect in Interstellar Clouds.- Neutral Hydrogen Filaments and Dynamics of Galactic Bennet Pinches.- Particle-in-Cell Simulation of Cosmic Plasma.- Further Developments in Plasma Simulation.- Dynamics of Field--Aligned Currents in the Laboratory, Aurorae, and Galactic Space.- Plasma Astrophysics.

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Book SynopsisThe material in this book forms the basis of an interdisciplinary, college-level course, which uses science fiction film as a vehicle for exploring science concepts. Unlike traditional introductory-level courses, the science content is arranged according to major themes in science fiction, with a deliberate progression from the highly objective and discipline-specific (e.g. Reference Frames; Physics of Space Travel and Time Travel) to the very multi-disciplinary and thought-provoking (e.g. Human Teleportation; Science and Society). Over 100 references to science fiction films and television episodes are included, spanning more than 100 years of cinematic history. Some of these are conducive to calculations (solutions included).

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Book SynopsisDROPOUT. PACIFIST. PHYSICIST. CASANOVA. REFUGEE. REBEL. GENIUS.THINK YOU KNOW EINSTEIN? THINK AGAINHis face is instantly recognisable. His name is shorthand for genius. Today, he's a figurehead as much as a man, symbolic of things larger than himself: of scientific progress, of the human mind, even of the age. But who was Einstein really?The Nobel Prize-winning physicist who discovered relativity, black holes and E = mc2, dined with Charlie Chaplin in Hollywood and was the inspiration for (highly radioactive) element 99, Albert Einstein was also a high school dropout with an FBI file 1,400 pages long.In this book, Samuel Graydon brings history's most famous scientist back to life. From his lost daughter to escaping the Nazis, from his love letters to unlikely inventions, from telling jokes to cheer up his sad parrot Bibo to refusing the Presidency of Israel, through the discoveries and thought experiments that changed science, Einstein in Time and Space tells 99 unforgettable stories of the man who redefined how we view our universe and our place within it.Trade ReviewIlluminating * Nature *A mosaic biography of an exceptional scientist . . . [pieced together] with illuminating skill, style, candour and charm * TLS *For all the thousands of biographies previously written of him, I think Graydon has done a fine and often fascinating job here, and anyone with an interest in science and scientists will absolutely lap this up * Mail on Sunday *A masterful biography and a hugely entertaining read * i Paper *An intriguing, mosaic-like portrait of the great physicist * Literary Review *A great biography. Einstein is not treated as an unknowable genius, but as a flawed individual with interesting stories . . . an incredibly enjoyable read * Sky At Night *A fresh take . . . compelling and beautifully written. Enhances our understanding of both a great scientist and an exemplary humanist * Wall Street Journal *An immensely readable work about the man himself, collected into 99 short, mostly two-page, chapters, exploring his scientific ideas, quoting his letters, and telling many revealing anecdotes. * Church Times *Gems about this icon of modern physics continue to be written because he is such a rich subject, with more original sources referring to him becoming public every year. Still, it does take a new angle on Einstein to get publishers and reviewers excited. Samuel Graydon has achieved just that. * Physics World *A mosaic biography of an exceptional scientist . . . [pieced together] with illuminating skill, style, candour and charm -- Andrew Robinson, author of EINSTEIN: A HUNDRED YEARS OF RELATIVITY * TLS *For all the thousands of biographies previously written of him, I think Graydon has done a fine and often fascinating job here, and anyone with an interest in science and scientists will absolutely lap this up. * Mail on Sunday *

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Book SynopsisDROPOUT. PACIFIST. PHYSICIST. CASANOVA. REFUGEE. REBEL. GENIUS.THINK YOU KNOW EINSTEIN? THINK AGAINHis face is instantly recognisable. His name is shorthand for genius. Today, he's a figurehead as much as a man, symbolic of things larger than himself: of scientific progress, of the human mind, even of the age. But who was Einstein really?The Nobel Prize-winning physicist who discovered relativity, black holes and E = mc2, dined with Charlie Chaplin in Hollywood and was the inspiration for (highly radioactive) element 99, Albert Einstein was also a high school dropout with an FBI file 1,400 pages long.In this book, Samuel Graydon brings history's most famous scientist back to life. From his lost daughter to escaping the Nazis, from his love letters to unlikely inventions, from telling jokes to cheer up his sad parrot Bibo to refusing the Presidency of Israel, through the discoveries and thought experiments that changed science, Einstein in Time and Space tells 99 unforgettable stories of the man who redefined how we view our universe and our place within it.Trade ReviewIlluminating * Nature *A mosaic biography of an exceptional scientist . . . [pieced together] with illuminating skill, style, candour and charm * TLS *For all the thousands of biographies previously written of him, I think Graydon has done a fine and often fascinating job here, and anyone with an interest in science and scientists will absolutely lap this up * Mail on Sunday *A masterful biography and a hugely entertaining read * i Paper *An intriguing, mosaic-like portrait of the great physicist * Literary Review *A great biography. Einstein is not treated as an unknowable genius, but as a flawed individual with interesting stories . . . an incredibly enjoyable read * Sky At Night *A fresh take . . . compelling and beautifully written. Enhances our understanding of both a great scientist and an exemplary humanist * Wall Street Journal *An immensely readable work about the man himself, collected into 99 short, mostly two-page, chapters, exploring his scientific ideas, quoting his letters, and telling many revealing anecdotes. * Church Times *Gems about this icon of modern physics continue to be written because he is such a rich subject, with more original sources referring to him becoming public every year. Still, it does take a new angle on Einstein to get publishers and reviewers excited. Samuel Graydon has achieved just that. * Physics World *

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Book SynopsisHow did it all begin? Where is it all going?A little over a century ago, a young Albert Einstein presented his general theory of relativity to the world and utterly transformed our understanding of the universe. His theory changed the way we think about space and time, revealed how our universe has been expanding from a hot dense state called the big bang and predicted black holes. WHERE THE UNIVERSE CAME FROM is a 13.8-billiion-year journey through the cosmos. Discover how Einstein's work explains why the cosmos is the way it is, why 95% of the universe is missing, how physicists go to extraordinary lengths to unlock gravity's secrets and how black holes could hold the key to a theory of everything.ABOUT THE SERIESNew Scientist Instant Expert books are definitive and accessible entry points to the most important subjects in science; subjects that challenge, attract debate, invite controversy and engage the most enquiring minds. Designed for curious readers who want to know how things work and why, the Instant Expert series explores the topics that really matter and their impact on individuals, society, and the planet, translating the scientific complexities around us into language that's open to everyone, and putting new ideas and discoveries into perspective and context.

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