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Book SynopsisDifferent aspects of the reconfigurability of mobile radio systems are analyzed in this book. These include services, object modeling applied to software radio, flexible spectrum management, trade-offs for building a reconfigurable terminal, an example of a pure software radio modem, adaptive MIMO techniques and analog-to-digital converters.Table of ContentsIntroduction xiii Chapter 1. Services and Adaptive Uses 1 Guillaume DORBES 1.1. New networks and new uses 1 1.1.1. Broadband mobile radio systems: why do it? 1 1.1.2. From Internet services on a voice network to voice services on an Internet network 2 1.1.3. From telephony to interpersonal communication 3 1.1.4. From charged to free: the value evolution 4 1.1.5. From the end-to-end controlled session to the best effort culture 4 1.1.6. The new services of the new networks 5 1.2. Mobile communications customers 5 1.2.1. Mobile service user: a communicating customer 5 1.2.2. The successful teachings of mobile telephony and the Internet for the new generation services 6 1.2.3. The communicating customer and his values 7 1.2.3.1. Compatibility with the present and its practices 7 1.2.3.2. Membership and availability 7 1.2.3.3. Cost optimization 8 1.2.3.4. Security 8 1.2.4. Mobility based acceleration 8 1.2.4.1. Terminal size and its interaction modes 8 1.2.4.2. Multi-network environment 9 1.2.4.3. Service heterogenity 10 1.2.5. Adaptability as a mobility value 10 1.3. Technological and adaptability factors of mobile services 11 1.3.1. A microcomputer inside each pocket 11 1.3.2. An Internet or a juxtaposition of intranets? 12 1.3.3. On the convergence of universal sets or how to contact a person 14 1.3.4. Proximity as a way to address the mobile services 15 1.3.5. The jungle of networks or how can we communicate in a hostile environment? 16 1.3.6. How can we carry our home in our pocket? 17 1.4. Conclusion: “I am a nomad in at least five different ways” 18 1.4.1. A new challenge: reconciling the incompatible 18 1.4.2. A combination of new technologies and new economic models 18 Chapter 2. Object Modeling and Software-defined Radio 21 Antoine DELAUTRE and Yann DENEF 2.1. Introduction 21 2.1.1. History of the software industry 22 2.1.2. Object modeling 24 2.1.3. Modeling and data flow 25 2.1.4. Constituent model 27 2.1.5. Software bus 27 2.1.6. Product line 31 2.2. Applicability of the component-based approach to the field of software-defined radio 33 2.2.1. Software-defined radio 33 2.2.2. Evolution of the industrial tissue 35 2.2.3. Need for stable interfaces 37 2.3. The constraints of the component-based approach 38 2.3.1. Execution time constraints 38 2.3.2. Software – hardware coupling constraints 38 2.3.3. Reminder on the evolution of software technologies 39 2.3.4. Regulatory constraints 40 2.3.5. Deployment constraints 41 2.4. An outline of the works pertaining to the component-based approach for software-defined radio 42 2.4.1. SPEAKeasy and JTRS 42 2.4.2. The weight of the USA 42 2.4.3. The impact of JTRS on industrial sector technologies 43 2.4.4. Communication software architecture 44 2.4.5. Hardware architecture 46 2.4.6. Standardizing activities 46 2.4.7. UML profile for software-defined radio 48 2.4.7.1. Resources metamodel for software-defined radio 48 2.4.7.2. Model of peripheral component 49 2.4.7.3. Communication channel 50 2.4.8. Scope of the UML model 51 2.4.9. The OMPT approach 52 2.5. Conclusion 52 Chapter 3. Trade-offs for Building a Reconfigurable Radio Terminal 55 Marylin ARNDT, Eric BATUT, Jean-Philippe FASSINO, Florence GERMAIN, Tahar JARBOUI, Marc LACOSTE, Christian LEREAU, François MARX, Benoît MISCOPEIN and Jacques PULOU 3.1. Introduction 55 3.2. Architectures and reconfiguration mechanisms 57 3.2.1. From scenario to architecture 57 3.2.1.1. Recall of needs 57 3.2.1.2. General principles of reconfiguration 58 3.2.2. Architecture and mechanisms for hardware reconfiguration 60 3.2.2.1. Functional architecture of a mobile terminal 60 3.2.2.2. Reconfiguration of RF front-end, an outline on the new technological challenges and the candidate architectures 61 3.2.2.3. Digital reconfigurable architecture 65 3.2.2.4. Comparison 67 3.2.3. Mechanisms for software reconfiguration 67 3.2.3.1. A first stage toward reconfiguration: assembly designing of extensible systems 68 3.2.3.2. A second stage toward reconfiguration: the compositional approach 69 3.3. Compromise for the hardware reconfiguration 70 3.3.1. Baseband: to benefit from the reconfigurability in order to limit consumption 70 3.3.1.1. Equalizer 71 3.3.1.2. Channel coding 74 3.3.1.3. Conclusion 77 3.3.2. Mechanisms of reconfiguration and control: flexibility versus genericity 77 3.3.2.1. Is the absolute separation data/control always accepted? 77 3.3.2.2. Is a fixed functional clipping of the processing still relevant? 79 3.3.2.3. Which degree of exposure of the hardware to the reconfiguration mechanism? 81 3.4. Compromise for software reconfiguration 82 3.4.1. Reconfigurability and compactness of transmitted information 82 3.4.2. Reconfigurability and safety 83 3.4.2.1. Type of kernel 84 3.4.2.2. Security model 86 3.4.2.3. Localization of the protection mechanism 87 3.4.2.4. Degree of assurance 88 3.4.2.5. Perspectives 88 3.4.3. Reconfigurability and performances 88 3.4.3.1. Introduction 88 3.4.3.2. Reconfiguration impact on nominal mode performances for a hierarchical “component-based” system 89 3.5. Some open problems 91 3.5.1. The problem of reversibility 91 3.5.2. The problem of continuity of service 92 3.6. Conclusion 93 3.7. Bibliography 93 Chapter 4. A UMTS-TDD Software Radio Platform 97 Christian BONNET, Hervé CALLEWAERT, Lionel GAUTHIER, Raymond KNOPP, Pascal MAYANI, Aawatif MENOUNI HAYAR, Dominique NUSSBAUM and Michelle WETTERWALD 4.1. Introduction 97 4.2. Hardware architecture 99 4.2.1. Radio gateways 99 4.2.2. Terminal equipment 102 4.2.3. RF emulation 103 4.3. Software architecture 104 4.3.1. RTLinux 104 4.3.2. Programming modes of the processor 105 4.3.3. RF simulation software 105 4.4. Connection to the IPv6 network 106 4.4.1. “Pure-IPv6” architecture 106 4.4.2. Radio protocols 107 4.4.3. Interconnection layers 109 4.4.4. Management of the radio resources 110 4.5. Reconfigurability 111 4.5.1. Functional reconfigurability 111 4.5.2. Operational reconfigurability 111 4.5.3. Software reconfigurability 113 4.6. Conclusion 113 4.7. Bibliography 114 Chapter 5. Iterative Approach for Hardware Reconfigurability: The Rake Receiver 115 Ioannis KRIKIDIS, Lírida NAVINER and Jean-Luc DANGER 5.1. Introduction 115 5.2. Concept of hardware reconfigurability 117 5.2.1. The “multiplexing” approach 118 5.2.2. The “pagination” approach 118 5.2.3. The “factorization” approach 118 5.2.4. The “iteration” approach 119 5.3. Example 1: reconfigurable rake receiver with an “interference canceller” 120 5.3.1. Formulation of the problem 120 5.3.2. Proposed algorithm 122 5.3.3. Evaluation of performance 124 5.3.4. Reconfigurable architecture 125 5.3.4.1. The data memory 127 5.3.4.2. The arithmetic unit 127 5.3.4.3. The configuration supervisor 130 5.4. Example 2: an interference canceller based on realistic channel estimation 131 5.4.1. Formulation of the problem 131 5.4.2. Proposed algorithm 133 5.4.3. Evaluation of the performance 135 5.4.4. Reconfigurable architecture 137 5.5. Conclusion 140 5.6. Bibliography 141 Chapter 6. Antenna Arrays and Reconfigurable MIMO Systems 143 Sébastien ROY and Jean-Yves CHOUINARD 6.1. Introduction 143 6.2. Large broadband transmission and reconfigurable transceivers 144 6.2.1. General context 144 6.2.1.1. Quality of service 145 6.2.1.2. Interoperability 145 6.2.1.3. Propagation conditions 146 6.2.2. Reconfigurable radios 147 6.3. Space-time processing and MIMO systems 150 6.3.1. Modeling of the wireless channel 151 6.3.2. Space-time processing 151 6.3.3. Multiple reconfigurable antenna systems 155 6.3.4. MIMO systems and matrix channels 157 6.3.5. Capacity of antenna arrays 159 6.3.6. Space-time codes 160 6.4. Existing architectures 163 6.4.1. Frequency diversity and space-time encoding: MIMO-OFDM 163 6.4.2. Spatial multiplexing: BLAST systems 164 6.4.3. Turbo-BLAST systems 166 6.5. Reconfigurable MIMO systems 166 6.6. Case study 167 6.6.1. WCDMA MIMO receiver 167 6.6.2. Receiver architectures for adaptive antenna arrays 170 6.7. Conclusion 172 6.8. Bibliography 173 Chapter 7. Analog-to-Digital Conversion for Software Radio 175 Patrick LOUMEAU, Lírida NAVINER and Jean-François NAVINER 7.1. Introduction 175 7.2. Current ADC performances 176 7.3. Architecture of receivers 177 7.3.1. Sampling in intermediate frequency 178 7.3.2. Zero IF or low IF receiver 180 7.4. ADC architectures 181 7.4.1. Analog-to-digital pipeline converter 182 7.4.1.1. Principle of pipeline conversion 182 7.4.1.2. Errors of pipeline converters 183 7.4.1.3. Redundancy and digital correction 183 7.4.2. Analog-to-digital converter with sigma delta modulation 186 7.4.2.1. Introduction 186 7.4.2.2. Sigma delta modulation and oversampling 186 7.4.2.3. Limitations 187 7.4.2.4. Architectures 188 7.4.3. Analog-to-digital converters and reconfigurability 189 7.4.4. Digital front-end: filtering for ?Ã?´?nconversion and channel selection 190 7.5. ADC evolution 194 7.6. Conclusion 195 7.7. Bibliography 196 Chapter 8. Flexible Spectrum Management 199 David GRANDBLAISE 8.1. Introduction 199 8.2. Flexible spectrum management drivers 200 8.2.1. The spectrum is not rare, it is used inappropriately 200 8.2.2. Spectrum reuse, connection opportunities and reconfigurable radio equipment 201 8.2.3. Sporadic use of spectrum in time and space 203 8.2.4. The opportunities for flexible spectrum management 205 8.2.5. Resource sharing and economic impact 207 8.3. Flexible spectrum management models 210 8.3.1. Command and control model 211 8.3.2. Common model 211 8.3.3. Market model 212 8.3.4. Unrestricted usage model 213 8.3.5. Comparison of the models 213 8.3.6. Degrees of freedom and complexity 215 8.4. The technologies 217 8.4.1. Interference temperature 217 8.4.2. Forms of heteromorphic waves 220 8.4.3. Cognitive radio 222 8.4.4. Cognitive radio etiquette 226 8.5. Conclusion 228 8.6. Bibliography 229 List of Authors 233 Index 237

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Book SynopsisDuring the first decade of this new millennium, it is estimated that more than €100 billion will be invested in the third generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe. This fact represents an amazing challenge from both a technical and commercial perspective. Written by experts in the field, this book gives a detailed description of the elements in the UMTS network architecture: the User Equipment (UE), the UMTS Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and the core network. The completely new protocols based on the needs of the new Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) air interface are highlighted by considering both Frequency- and Time-Division Duplex modes. The book further introduces the key features of existing topics in Releases 5, 6 and 7.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Chapter 1. Evolution of Cellular Mobile Systems 1 1.1. Multiple-access techniques used in mobile telephony 2 1.1.1. Frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) 2 1.1.2. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) 3 1.1.3. Time division multiple access (TDMA) 3 1.1.4. Code division multiple access (CDMA) 3 1.1.5. Space division multiple access (SDMA) 5 1.1.6. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) 6 1.2. Evolution from 1G to 2.5G 8 1.2.1. From 1G to 2G 8 1.2.2. Enhancements to 2G radio technologies: 2.5G 8 1.3. 3G systems in IMT-2000 framework 11 1.3.1. IMT-2000 radio interfaces 12 1.3.2. Core network approaches in 3G systems 18 1.4. Standardization process in 3G systems 19 1.5. Worldwide spectrum allocation for IMT-2000 systems 20 1.5.1. WARC-92 20 1.5.2. WARC-2000 22 Chapter 2. Network Evolution from GSM to UMTS 25 2.1. Introduction 25 2.2. UMTS definition and history 25 2.3. Overall description of a UMTS network architecture 27 2.4. Network architecture evolution from GSM to UMTS 28 2.4.1. GSM network architecture of Phases 1 and 2 28 2.4.2. GSM network architecture of Phase 2+ 29 2.4.3. Architecture of UMTS networks: evolutionary revolution of GSM 31 2.5. Bearer services offered by UMTS networks 32 2.6. UMTS protocol architecture based on “stratum” concept 33 2.6.1. Access stratum 34 2.6.2. Non-access stratum 35 Chapter 3. Services in UMTS 37 3.1. Introduction 37 3.2. UMTS mobile terminals 38 3.2.1. UE functional description 38 3.2.2. UE maximum output power 41 3.2.3. Dual-mode GSM/UMTS terminals 42 3.2.4. UE radio access capability 43 3.3. Services offered by UMTS networks 44 3.3.1. Standard UMTS telecommunication services 44 3.3.2. UMTS bearer services 45 3.3.3. Teleservices 49 3.3.4. Supplementary services 52 3.3.5. Operator specific services: service capabilities 54 3.3.6. The virtual home environment 55 3.4. Traffic classes of UMTS bearer services 56 3.4.1. Conversational services 57 3.4.2. Streaming services 57 3.4.3. Interactive services 57 3.4.4. Background services 58 3.5. Service continuity across GSM and UMTS networks 58 Chapter 4. UMTS Core Network 61 4.1. Introduction 61 4.2. UMTS core network architecture 61 4.2.1. Main features of UMTS core network based on Release 99 62 4.2.2. Circuit-switched and packet-switched domains 63 4.3. Network elements and protocols of the CS and PS domains 65 4.3.1. Network elements of the CS domain 65 4.3.2. Protocol architecture in the CS domain 66 4.3.3. Network elements of the PS domain 71 4.3.4. Protocol architecture in the PS domain 72 4.3.5. Integrated UMTS core network 80 4.4. Network elements not included in UMTS reference architecture 81 4.5. Interoperability between UMTS and GSM core networks 82 Chapter 5. Spread Spectrum and WCDMA 85 5.1. Introduction 85 5.2. Spread spectrum principles 85 5.2.1. Processing gain 87 5.2.2. Advantages of spread spectrum 87 5.3. Direct sequence CDMA 88 5.4. Multiple access based on spread spectrum 90 5.5. Maximum capacity of CDMA 91 5.5.1. Effect of background noise and interference 92 5.5.2. Antenna sectorization 93 5.5.3. Voice activity detection 93 5.6. Spreading code sequences 94 5.6.1. Orthogonal code sequences 95 5.6.2. Pseudo-noise code sequences: Gold codes 96 5.6.3. Spreading sequences used in UTRA 98 5.7. Principles of wideband code division multiple access 99 5.7.1. Effects of the propagation channel 100 5.7.2. Techniques used in WCDMA for propagation impairment mitigation 102 Chapter 6. UTRAN Access Network 113 6.1. Introduction 113 6.2. UTRAN architecture 113 6.2.1. The radio network sub-system (RNS) 115 6.2.2. Handling of the mobility in the UTRAN 119 6.2.3. Summary of functions provided by the UTRAN 120 6.3. General model of protocols used in UTRAN interfaces 121 6.3.1. Horizontal layers 122 6.3.2. Vertical planes 122 6.3.3. Control plane of the transport network 124 6.4. Use of ATM in the UTRAN network transport layer 125 6.4.1. ATM cell format 125 6.4.2. ATM and virtual connections 126 6.4.3. ATM reference model 127 6.5. Protocols in the Iu interface 128 6.5.1. Protocol architecture in Iu-CS and Iu-PS interfaces 128 6.5.2. RANAP 132 6.6. Protocols in internal UTRAN interfaces 134 6.6.1. Iur interface (RNC-RNC) 134 6.6.2. Iub interface (RNC-Node B) 137 6.7. Data exchange in the UTRAN: example of call establishment 139 6.8. Summary of the UTRAN protocol stack 141 Chapter 7. UTRA Radio Protocols 145 7.1. Introduction 145 7.2. Channel typology and description 146 7.2.1. Logical channels 147 7.2.2. Transport channels 147 7.2.3. Physical channels 151 7.3. Physical layer 152 7.3.1. Physical layer functions 153 7.3.2. Mapping of transport channels onto physical channels 154 7.4. MAC 156 7.4.1. Main functions of MAC 157 7.4.2. Mapping of logical channels onto transport channels 157 7.4.3. MAC PDU 158 7.5. RLC 160 7.5.1. Main functions of RLC 161 7.5.2. RLC PDU 162 7.5.3. RLC transmission and reception model 165 7.6. PDCP 166 7.7. BMC 169 7.8. RRC 170 7.8.1. Handling of the RRC connection 170 7.8.2. Handling of RRC service states 171 7.8.3. System information broadcast 173 7.8.4. Handling of the paging 175 7.8.5. Cell selection and reselection 176 7.8.6. UTRAN mobility handling 176 7.8.7. Radio bearer management 179 7.8.8. Measurement control 182 7.8.9. Ciphering and integrity 183 7.8.10. Outer loop power control 185 7.8.11. Protocol layers termination in the UTRAN 185 Chapter 8. Call and Mobility Management 187 8.1. Introduction 187 8.2. PLMN selection 188 8.2.1. Automatic PLMN selection mode 190 8.2.2. Manual PLMN selection mode 190 8.2.3. PLMN reselection 191 8.2.4. Forbidden PLMNs 191 8.3. Principle of mobility management in UMTS 192 8.3.1. Location areas 193 8.3.2. Service states in the core network and the UTRAN 195 8.4. Network access control 195 8.4.1. Allocation of temporary identities 195 8.4.2. UE identification procedure 196 8.4.3. Ciphering and integrity protection activation 197 8.4.4. Authentication 198 8.5. Network registration 201 8.5.1. IMSI attach procedure 201 8.5.2. GPRS attach procedure 202 8.6. UE location updating procedures 205 8.6.1. Location updating procedure 205 8.6.2. Routing area updating procedure 207 8.6.3. SRNS relocation 209 8.6.4. Detach procedures 215 8.7. Call establishment 215 8.7.1. Circuit call 215 8.7.2. Packet call 217 8.8. Intersystem change and handover between GSM and UMTS networks 220 8.8.1. Intersystem handover from UMTS to GSM during a CS connection 220 8.8.2. Intersystem handover from GSM to UMTS during a CS connection 222 8.8.3. Intersystem change from UMTS to GPRS during a PS session 223 8.8.4. Intersystem change from GPRS to UMTS during a PS session 223 Chapter 9. UTRA/FDD Transmission Chain 227 9.1. Introduction 227 9.2. Operations applied to transport channels 228 9.2.1. Multiplexing and channel coding in the uplink 228 9.2.2. Multiplexing and channel coding in the downlink 236 9.3. Operations applied to physical channels 238 9.3.1. Characteristics of physical channels in UTRA/FDD 238 9.3.2. Channelization codes 239 9.3.3. Scrambling codes 241 9.3.4. UTRA/WCDMA transmitter 244 9.4. Spreading and modulation of dedicated physical channels 248 9.4.1. Uplink dedicated channels 248 9.4.2. Downlink dedicated channel 255 9.4.3. Time difference between uplink and downlink DPCHs 260 9.5. Spreading and modulation of common physical channels 261 9.5.1. The Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) 261 9.5.2. The Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) 262 9.5.3. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) 263 9.5.4. The Synchronization Channel (SCH) 264 9.5.5. The Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) 265 9.5.6. The Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) 266 9.5.7. The Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH) 267 9.5.8. The Paging Indicator Channel (PICH) 268 9.5.9. The Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH) 268 9.5.10. Other downlink physical channels associated with the PCPCH 269 Chapter 10. UTRA/FDD Physical Layer Procedures 271 10.1. Introduction 271 10.2. The UE receptor 271 10.3. Synchronization procedure 273 10.3.1. First step: slot synchronization 274 10.3.2. Second step: frame synchronization and code-group identification 275 10.3.3. Third step: primary scrambling code identification 276 10.3.4. Fourth step: system frame synchronization 276 10.4. Random access transmission with the RACH 277 10.5. Random access transmission with the CPCH 279 10.6. Paging decoding procedure 280 10.7. Power control procedures 282 10.7.1. Open loop power control 282 10.7.2. Inner loop and outer loop power control 283 10.8. Transmit diversity procedures 286 10.8.1. Time Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD) 287 10.8.2. Space Time block coding Transmit Diversity (STTD) 288 10.8.3. Closed loop transmit diversity 289 Chapter 11. Measurements and Procedures of the UE in RRC Modes 291 11.1. Introduction 291 11.2. Measurements performed by the physical layer 291 11.2.1. Measurement model for physical layer 292 11.2.2. Types of UE measurements 293 11.3. Cell selection process 294 11.3.1. PLMN search and selection 295 11.3.2. Phases in the cell selection process 296 11.3.3. “S” cell selection criterion 298 11.4. Cell reselection process 299 11.4.1. Types of cell reselection 300 11.4.2. Measurement rules for cell reselection 301 11.4.3. “R” ranking criterion 301 11.4.4. Phases in the cell reselection process 302 11.5. Handover procedures 303 11.5.1. Phases in a handover procedure 304 11.5.2. Intrafrequency handover 305 11.5.3. Interfrequency handover 310 11.5.4. Intersystem UMTS-GSM handover 312 11.6. Measurements in idle and connected RRC modes 312 11.6.1. Measurements in RRC idle, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH states 312 11.6.2. Measurements in CELL_FACH state 313 11.6.3. Measurements in the CELL_DCH state: the compressed mode 315 Chapter 12. UTRA/TDD Mode 321 12.1. Introduction 321 12.2. Technical aspects of UTRA/TDD 321 12.2.1. Advantages of UTRA/TDD 322 12.2.2. Drawbacks of UTRA/TDD 324 12.3. Transport and physical channels in UTRA/TDD 325 12.3.1. Physical channel structure 326 12.3.2. Dedicated Physical Data Channels 328 12.3.3. Common physical channels 329 12.4. Service multiplexing and channel coding 334 12.4.1. Examples of UTRA/TDD user bit rates 335 12.5. Physical layer procedures in UTRA/TDD 336 12.5.1. Power control 336 12.5.2. Downlink transmit diversity 338 12.5.3. Timing advance 339 12.5.4. Dynamic channel allocation 339 12.5.5. Handover 340 12.6. UTRA/TDD receiver 340 Chapter 13. UMTS Network Evolution 343 13.1. Introduction 343 13.2. UMTS core network based on Release 4 345 13.3. UMTS core network based on Release 5 347 13.4. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) 349 13.4.1. Network aspects 349 13.4.2. MBMS operation modes 350 13.4.3. MBMS future evolution 351 13.5. UMTS-WLAN interworking 352 13.5.1. UMTS-WLAN interworking scenarios 352 13.5.2. Network and UE aspects 354 13.6. UMTS evolution beyond Release 7 355 13.6.1. HSDPA/HSUPA enhancements 356 13.6.2. System Architecture Evolution 356 13.6.3. Long Term Evolution (LTE) 357 Chapter 14. Principles of HSDPA 359 14.1. HSDPA physical layer 359 14.1.1. HS-DSCH transport channel 361 14.1.2. Mapping of HS-DSCH onto HS-PDSCH physical channels 362 14.1.3. Physical channels associated with the HS-DSCH 363 14.1.4. Timing relationship between the HS-PDSCH and associated channels 366 14.2. Adaptive modulation and coding 366 14.3. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (H-ARQ) 367 14.4. H-ARQ process example 369 14.5. Fast scheduling 370 14.6. New architecture requirements for supporting HSDPA 371 14.6.1. Impact on Node B: high-speed MAC entity 371 14.6.2. Impact on the UE: HSDPA terminal capabilities 372 14.7. Future enhancements for HSDPA 373 14.7.1. Enhanced UTRA/FDD uplink 373 14.7.2. Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna processing 374 Appendix 1. AMR Codec in UMTS 375 A1.1. AMR frame structure and operating modes 376 A1.2. Dynamic AMR mode adaptation 378 A1.3. Resource allocation for an AMR speech connection 380 A1.4. AMR wideband 380 Appendix 2. Questions and Answers 383 Bibliography 395 Glossary 399 Index 417

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisNot many British schoolgirls have grown up to become revolutionary heroes of distant, eastern nations but Muriel Stewart Walker did just that. Under a multitude of different names - 'K'tut Tantri' and 'Surabaya Sue' being the best know - she joined in the struggle for Indonesian independence after the Second World War and broadcast its revolutionary message to the world on Rebel Radio. But she did more and smuggled arms, and probably drugs, to help finance the new Republic and experienced bloody battle in the British attack on Surabaya that some have seen as a war crime. She went on to become an intimate of the revolutionary leaders and finally lived to see Indonesia take its place amongst the free nations of the world. Glaswegian 'Surabaya Sue' is virtually unknown in the West and, even in Indonesia, there have always been doubts about her version of events that many have dismissed outright as a blatant mixture of outrageous fantasy and dishonest omissions. Snow over Surabaya happily embraces those doubts and brings a new, spirited account of her adventures in that tempestuous world.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the basics of building various types of amplifiers, the most widely used in the composition of modern specialized radio receivers, as well as the principles of building digital radio receivers. The rapid development of modern telecommunications systems, aviation equipment, and space systems for various functional purposes, as well as new information technologies, is inextricably linked with the theory of building radio receivers. Radio receivers are an integral part of the radio line, which largely determine the quality of its operation, both in normal operating conditions and in a complex interference environment. Since the creation of the first lightning detector in 1895, the technique of radio receiving devices went a long way to the development of modern automated digital systems. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Chapter 1. Technical characteristics and block diagrams of radio receivers.- Chapter 2. Noise ratios in the receiving devices.- Chapter 3. Circuit fundamentals of input circuits and selective amplifiers.- Chapter 4. Selective amplifiers. Principles of optimization of their parameters.- Chapter 5. Multi-stage single-circuit selective amplifiers.- Chapter 6. Frequency converters.- Chapter 7. Low-noise amplifiers.- Chapter 8. Radio signal detectors.- Chapter 9. Adjustments in radio receivers.- Chapter 10. Digital radio devices.

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