Radar technology Books

Book SynopsisThe third edition of an Artech House classic, Phased Array Antenna Handbook, provides new material on array and multibeam antennas and systems, including new methods, devices and machine learning techniques. The authors cover the antenna system design, pattern synthesis, array architecture and components and current developments in subarray technology. Researchers and communication engineers will find the numerous equations and illustrations particularly helpful to evaluate antenna parameters, such as gain, sidelobe levels and noise.Trade ReviewThe field of phased array antennas has evolved greatly since the publication of the First edition of the book in 1994. This is an exciting field which finds numerous applications in communication and radar technology. Large antenna arrays with electronically scanned beams and additionally with multiple beams and beamfoming capability are very appealing for the new 5G communication systems. Although the development of such systems is very challenging both from analysis and fabrication point of view, recent advances in computational electromagnetics, beam synthesis algorithms and fabrication technologies including additive manufacturing and 3D printing have been able to speed up analysis and reduce the time to market and manufacturing costs of large antenna arrays leading to numerous advances in the field. The book is a comprehensive and coherent presentation of the fundamental concepts and design challenges of phased array antennas and it is a valuable tool for both design engineers and academics and graduate students in the field. The material is divided in nine chapters which are clearly presented and ordered in a progressive manner from more general concepts and challenges to specialised topics. Chapters 1 and 2 are introductory chapters presenting fundamental characteristics of array antennas. Chapter 1 provides system analysis and figures of merit such as directivity, beamwidth, gain and noise temperature, bandwidth and grating lobes. Chapter 2 focuses on radiation pattern characteristics and introduces the effect of element mutual coupling and the concept of thinned arrays. The following two chapters deal with pattern synthesis methods. Chapter 3 focuses on the more "conventional" array topologies of linear and planar arrays while Chapter 4 focuses on nonplanar and conformal arrays. Well-known methods such as the Fourier transform method, the Woodward and the Dolph-Chebyshev synthesis are presented in Chapter 3 and also modern methods such as ones based on convex optimisation and alternate projections. In addition, the theory of adaptive arrays and sidelobe cancelers is provided. Chapter 4 addresses circular and cylindrical arrays and phase mode excitation and briefly spherical and truncated conical arrays. Having addressed the topic of pattern synthesis, Chapter 5 proceeds to present the different elements used in phased arrays from dipoles and monopoles to patch and slot antennas. Special attention is given to broadband elements such as flared notch, tapered slot, Vivaldi type and capacitively coupled dipole elements making reference to traditional as well as to more recent designs providing an excellent starting point to the antenna designer. The following chapters deal with more specialised topics of phased array antenna technology. Chapter 6 deals with mutual impedance effects due to element coupling and the problem of scan blindness. Chapter 7 addresses error effects such as amplitude and phase excitation errors and quantisation on the performance of the array in terms of sidelobe levels, beam pointing error and directivity variation. Chapter 8 presents multiple beam antennas including lens and reflector systems and reflect arrays. Finally, Chapter 9 addresses specialised arrays such as arrays for limited field of view and wideband arrays and addresses the complexity of the control and feed systems of the arrays. Robert J Mailloux is a world known authority in phased array technology and this book is without doubt an invaluable addition to the library of everyone working in the field. -- Dr. Apostolos Georgiadis * The Aeronautical Journal *Table of ContentsPhased Arrays in Radar and Communication Systems; Pattern Characteristics of Linear and Planar Arrays; Pattern Synthesis for Linear and Planar Arrays; Patterns of Nonplanar Arrays; Elements for Phased Arrays; Summary of Element Pattern and Mutual Impedance Effects; Array Error Effects; Multiple Beam Antennas; Special Array Feeds for Limited Field-of-View and Wideband Coverage.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the latest advances in optimal and adaptive MIMO radar for enhanced detection and target ID in challenging environments and demonstrates its utility in real-world applications. It discusses signal processing prerequisites, such as radar signals, orthogonal waveforms, matched filtering, multi-channel beam forming, and Doppler processing. It also outlines MIMO implantation challenges like computational complexity, adaptive clutter mitigation, calibration and equalization, and hardware constraints. The book contains exclusive flight testing data from DARPA, and digs into applications for GMTI radar, OTH radar, maritime radar, and automotive radar.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Introduction to MIMO Radar; MIMO Radar Applications; Introduction to Optimum MIMO Radar; Adaptive MIMO Radar and MIMO Channel Estimation; Advanced MIMO Analysis Techniques; Conclusion and Areas for Future Research.

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Book SynopsisWhile previous EW exploited flaws in the analogue equipment to corrupt or degrade the sensor detection or localisation capabilities, EW is now an information battle. Modern autonomous threat sensors can readily detect and locate targets by incorporating state of the art high speed digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms that focus on the classification of targets via target physical features. As a result the autonomous threat has a significant advantage over attacking forces consisting of armoured vehicles, aircraft or ships. To elucidate the state of EW, this book focuses on the example of autonomous anti ship missiles (ASM) attacking a naval fleet rather than airborne battles, thus filling a significant gap in the EW literature. It describes modern DSP algorithms that have been published by ASM development personnel from several nations, including the People's Republic of China and the Russian federation and outlines instances where it has been successfully used against ships. The book elaborates on the mathematical techniques employed and the advantages of incorporating digital signal processing algorithms into the autonomous sensor. With straight forward DSP algorithms, ASM can rapidly identify and distinguish electronically generated false targets, passive decoys, chaff and true targets. Moreover, special sensor waveforms now proactively probe the targets for enhanced feature measurements, and modern multi-channel optimal DSP readily mitigates noise jamming.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Modern EW; Pulsed Doppler Radar Basics; The ASM Sensor and EA Model; Special Topic-Extended Target; Special Topic-ASM EP Waveforms; Special Topic-ASM Multiple Receiver EP; Special Topic-Adaptive EW.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a prominent expert in the field, this updated and expanded second edition of an Artech House classic includes the most recent breakthroughs in vital sign and gender recognition via micro-radar, as well as covering basic principles of Doppler effect and micro-Doppler effect and describing basic applications of micro-Doppler signatures in radar. The book presents detailed procedures about how to generate and analyze micro-Doppler signatures from radar signals. Readers will learn how to model and animate an object (such as human, spinning top, rotating rotor blades) with movement, simulation of radar returns from the object, and generating micro-Doppler signature. The book includes coverage of the Google project “Soli”, which demonstrated the use of radar micro-Doppler effect to sense and recognize micro motions of human hand gesture for controlling devices. It also discusses noncontact detection of human vital sign (micro motions of breathing and heart beating) using radar, another important application of radar micro-Doppler sensors. Detailed MATLAB source codes for simulation of radar backscattering from targets with various motions are provided, along with source codes for generating micro-Doppler signatures and analyzing characteristics of targets.Trade ReviewWritten by a prominent expert in the field, this updated and expanded second edition of an Artech House classic includes the most recent breakthroughs in vital sign and gender recognition via micro-radar, as well as covering basic principles of Doppler effect and micro-Doppler effect and describing basic applications of micro-Doppler signatures in radar. The book presents detailed procedures about how to generate and analyze micro-Doppler signatures from radar signals. Readers will learn how to model and animate an object (such as human, spinning top, rotating rotor blades) with movement, simulation of radar returns from the object, and generating micro-Doppler signature. * Stevo's Book Reviews *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Basics of the Micro-Doppler Effect in Radar; The Micro-Doppler Effect of the Rigid Body Motion; The Micro-Doppler Effect of the Non-Rigid Body Motion; Applied to Vital Sign Detection; Applied to Hand Gesture Recognition; Overview of the Micro-Doppler Radar System; Analysis of Interpretation of Micro-Doppler Signatures; Summary, Challenges and Perspectives.

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Book Synopsis "A well-constructed and concisely written book, incorporating a balanced combination of textual explanations and well-presented mathematical descriptions, which serves both as an introduction to many important aspects of radar but also as an extensive exercise in the usage and application of both the MATLAB and Python programming applications. It is eminently readable and understandable. I assess that it is probably most relevant to post graduate student scientists and engineers requiring a moderately detailed understanding of aspects of radar with a view to practical applications”Aerospace Magazine This comprehensive resource provides readers with the tools necessary to perform analysis of various waveforms for use in radar systems. It provides information about how to produce synthetic aperture (SAR) images by giving a tomographic formulation and implementation for SAR imaging. Tracking filter fundamentals, and each parameter associated with the filter and how each affects tracking performance are also presented. Various radar cross section measurement techniques are covered, along with waveform selection analysis through the study of the ambiguity function for each particular waveform from simple linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveforms to more complicated coded waveforms. The text includes the Python tool suite, which allows the reader to analyze and predict radar performance for various scenarios and applications. Also provided are MATLAB® scripts corresponding to the Python tools. The software includes a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) that provides visualizations of the concepts being covered. Users have full access to both the Python and MATLAB source code to modify for their application. With examples using the tool suite are given at the end of each chapter, this text gives readers a clear understanding of how important target scattering is in areas of target detection, target tracking, pulse integration, and target discrimination.Trade ReviewA well-constructed and concisely written book, incorporating a balanced combination of textual explanations and well-presented mathematical descriptions, which serves both as an introduction to many important aspects of radar but also as an extensive exercise in the usage and application of both the MATLAB and Python programming applications. It is eminently readable and understandable. I assess that it is probably most relevant to post graduate student scientists and engineers requiring a moderately detailed understanding of aspects of radar with a view to practical applications. * Aerospace Magazine *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Electromagnetic Fields and Waves; Antenna Systems; The Radar Range Equation; Radar Receivers; Target Detection; Radar Cross Section; Pulse Compression; Target Tracking; Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar; Countermeasures.

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Book SynopsisReal-time testing and simulation of open- and closed-loop radio frequency (RF) systems for signal generation, signal analysis and digital signal processing require deterministic, low-latency, high-throughput capabilities afforded by user reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This comprehensive book introduces LabVIEW FPGA, provides best practices for multi-FPGA solutions, and guidance for developing high-throughput, low-latency FPGA based RF systems. Written by a recognized expert with a wealth of real-world experience in the field, this is the first book written on the subject of FPGAs for radar and other RF applications. The companion website for this book can be found at https://github.com/LVFPGABOOK/Table of ContentsHow to read this book based on your background; LabVIEW FPGA literature review; Background technology; Using LabVIEW FPGA; Optimizing your LabVIEW FPGA based system; NI LabVIEW FPGA case studies; RF LabVIEW FPGA case studies; Staying Current; Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive resource explains the development of UAVs, drone threats, counter-UAV systems, and strategies to handle UAVs, focusing on the practical aspects of counter-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems and technologies.Theory, technical and operational practice with insights from industry and policing are covered, and the full rogue drone threat landscape and counter-drone technologies and systems is explored. The book provides insight into counter-drone strategy, developing effective counter-drone strategies and measures, as well as counter-drone programs and the regulatory frameworks governing the use of drones. It includes analysis of future drone and counter-drone challenges and highlights ongoing research and innovation activities and an examination of future drone technologies. Written by authors who have extensive academic, research, innovation, technical, industry and police operational investigative expertise at international level, this book is useful for the aviation sector, law enforcement and academia.Table of ContentsPart 1: Threat from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Game of drones - Assessing the threat and risk of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Public nuisance - The reckless use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Political protest - Rogue drone incursions and public disorder; Hostile reconnaissance - The threat from rogue drone surveillance; Payload - Adaption of drones for organized crime; International security - The terrorist threat from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Part 2: The Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology: Understanding drone technologies; Navigation and flight control; Payloads and sensors; Classification of UAVs; Part 3: Counter-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology and System: The concept of Counter UAV; UAV detection radars; RF detection system; Optical detection system; Counter Measures; Part 4: Strategies to Counter-Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A strategic approach - Countering rogue drone incursions; The Rule of law - Regulatory frameworks for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Counter-drone training - The detection, evaluation, neutralisation and investigation of rogue drone incursions; Part 5: Future Challenges: Innovation - Bringing counter-drone research to operational reality; From threat to threat - Advancements in drone technology; Conclusions; References.

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Book SynopsisThis bestselling book – now in its second edition – introduces the basic principles of passive radar technology and provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments and advances in this field. It shows you how passive radar works, how it differs from the active type, and helps you understand the benefits and drawbacks of this novel technology. The book gives you the knowledge you need to get a full understanding of this fascinating technology. All chapters have been fully revised and updated and are written in a clear and accessible style. New chapters have been added to cover advances in the technology that have already been built and demonstrated, including systems on moving platforms (aircraft and UAVs), as well as advances in types of transmission – notably single-frequency broadcast transmissions, and 5G – and in processing techniques. This book remains an important resource for engineers working in academic, industry, or government research laboratories; academics teaching graduate level students; and those working in the specification and procurement of radar systems who need to understand the performance and limitations of the technology.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Principles of Passive Radar; Properties of Illuminators; Passive Radar and Single Frequency Networks; Direct Signal Suppression; Passive Radar Performance Prediction; Detection and Tracking; Passive Radar from Moving Platforms; Examples of Systems and Results; and Future Developments and Applications.

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Book SynopsisThis ground-breaking resource gives you the background theories and know-how you need to effectively design active phased array antennas with wider bandwidth and scan volume utilizing sparse array technology. The book shows you how to incorporate aperiodic arrays and sparse arrays as a solution for overcoming the restrictions faced in conventional phased antenna designs - such as blind spots, limited scan volume, large power and cooling requirements, RF path losses, and increased complexity - while adhering to the maintenance of SWAP-C resources widely used in aerospace and defence. Packed with step-by-step information and research results unavailable in any other single source to date, the book presents new concepts and techniques that potentially can be applied to many critical defense and commercial requirements such as: radars, satcom on move, sonars, weather monitoring, 5G and 6G for mobile communication, fault and crack detection in buildings and underground pipelines, automotive anti-collisions mechanism in automobiles, mine detection, through wall imaging, and more. The book helps you to understand the fundamental antenna technology being deployed in modern systems and equips you to design problem-solving sparse array models proven by electromagnetic simulations that can reduce the cost and overall complexity of the existing systems. Numerous design studies are documented to validate the theories presented. The book takes into account the functional constraints in designing commercial and military systems while demonstrating provable techniques that are practical and achievable. This is an important resource for phased array antenna designers interested in utilizing sparse array technology with wider bandwidth and scan volume. The book's straightforward approach and easy-to-follow language also make it accessible to students and those new to the field.Table of ContentsThe Beginning. Antenna Fundamentals. Antenna Arrays. Generalized expression for directivity. Synthesis of Linear Sparse Antenna Arrays. Concentric ring antenna sparse array antennas. Planar sparse array antennas. Use cases for sparse array antennas.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book to bring together the increasingly complex radar automotive technologies and tools being explored and utilized in the development of fully autonomous vehicles – technologies and tools now understood to be an essential need for the field to fully mature. The book presents state-of-the-art knowledge as shared by the best and brightest experts working in the automotive radar industry today -- leaders who have “been there and done that.” Each chapter is written as a standalone "master class" with the authors, seeing the topic through their eyes and experiences. Where beneficial, the chapters reference one another but can otherwise be read in any order desired, making the book an excellent go-to reference for a particular topic or review you need to understand. You’ll get a big-picture tour of the key radar needs for fully autonomous vehicles, and how achieving these needs is complicated by the automotive environment’s dense scenes, number of possible targets of interest, and mix of very large and very small returns. You’ll then be shown the challenges from – and mitigations to – radio frequency interference (RFI), an ever-increasing challenge as the number of vehicles with radars – and radars per vehicle grow. The book also dives into the impacts of weather on radar performance, providing you with insights gained from extensive real-world testing. You are then taken through the integration and systems considerations, especially regarding safety, computing needs, and testing. Each of these areas is influenced heavily by the needs of fully autonomous vehicles and are open areas of research and development. With this authoritative volume you will understand: How to engage with radar designers (from a system integrator / OEM standpoint); How to structure and set requirements for automotive radars; How to address system safety needs for radars in fully autonomous vehicles; How to assess weather impact on the radar and its ability to support autonomy; How to include weather effects into specifications for radars. This is an essential reference for engineers currently in the autonomous vehicle arena and/or working in automotive radar development, as well as engineers and leaders in adjacent radar fields needing to stay abreast of the rapid developments in this exciting and dynamic field of research and development.Table of ContentsPart 1: Radar Technologies for Autonomous Vehicles 1 Modern Radar Sensors in Advanced Automotive Architectures 1.1 Inspiration for more advanced systems 1.1.1 Traffic density, fatal accident rate 1.1.2 Human factor 1.1.3 Autonomous driving levels 1.2 The Evolving Automotive Radar Landscape 1.3 Fast Chirp Sequence Radar Sensing 1.4 RFCMOS Car Radar Transceiver 1.5 Elements of a Radar Module 1.6 Angular Resolution Increase: MIMO Example and Cascaded Application 1.7 Vehicle Network and Computer Considerations 1.7.1 Vehicle network architecture evolution 1.7.2 Distributed vs Centralized processing 1.7.3 Conclusion 1.8 Summary 1.9 Acknowledgements 2 Design Considerations for Automotive Radar 2.1 Radar Requirements 2.2 The Spectrum for Automotive Radar 2.3 Range (distance) Required for Automotive Radar 2.4 Automotive Radar Installation 2.5 Automotive Radar Considerations for Scanning the Field of View 2.6 Frequency Modulation Waveforms and the Radar Data Cube 2.7 Outputs from Automotive Radar 3 DCM - Digital Code Modulation – Radar 3.1 Introduction 3.2 FCM vs DCM architecture 3.3 Basics of DCM Radar 3.3.1 Range processing 3.3.2 Velocity processing 3.3.3 Angle Processing 3.4 DCM Radar Attributes 3.4.1 High contrast Distance – Matched filter 3.4.2 High-contrast resolution 3.4.3 CDM MIMO (higher power on target) 3.4.4 Interference robustness and mitigation 3.4.5 Cascading: Coherent and Quasi-coherent Sensors and Networks 3.4.6 Code design 3.5 DCM Radar Implementation 4 Automotive MIMO Radar 4.1 Virtual Array Synthesis via MIMO Radar 4.2 Waveform Orthogonality Strategies in Automotive MIMO Radar 4.2.1 Waveform orthogonality via time division multiplexing (TDM) 4.2.2 Waveform orthogonality via Doppler division multiplexing (DDM) 4.2.3 Waveform orthogonality via frequency division multiplexing (FDM) 4.3 Angle Finding in Automotive MIMO Radar 4.3.1 High resolution angle finding with uniform linear array (ULA) 4.3.1.1 Subspace methods with spatial smoothing 4.3.1.2 Compressive sensing 4.3.1.3 Iterative adaptive approach (IAA) 4.3.2 High resolution angle finding with sparse linear array (SLA) 4.4 High Resolution Imaging Radar for Autonomous Driving 4.4.1 Cascade of multiple radar transceivers 4.4.2 Examples of cascaded imaging radars 4.4.3 Design challenges of imaging radar 4.5 Challenges in Automotive MIMO radar 4.5.1 Angle finding in the presence of multipath reflections 4.5.2 Waveform orthogonality in automotive MIMO radar 4.5.3 Efficient, high resolution angle finding algorithms are needed 5 Synthetic Aperture Radar for Automotive Applications 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Historical Background 5.1.2 Comparison to Traditional Radar System 5.1.2.1 Phased array analogy 5.1.3 SAR and Point Cloud Imaging Performance 5.1.4 Applications for Automotive use 5.1.4.1 Drivable-Area Detection 5.1.4.2 Radar-based Localization 5.1.4.3 Segmentation and Classification 5.1.4.4 Radar Point Cloud Enhancement 5.2 Mathematical Foundation 5.2.1 Key Assumptions 5.2.2 Signal Model 5.2.3 Slow Time 5.3 Building an Automotive SAR 5.3.1 Measuring Ego-Motion 5.3.1.1 Positioning Accuracy Requirements 5.3.1.2 Positioning Sensors 5.3.2 SAR Image Formation 5.3.2.1 Time-Domain Back Projection 5.3.2.2 Fast Back-Projection (FBP) 5.3.2.3 Fast Factorized Back-Projection (FFBP) 5.3.2.4 Real-time Operation 5.3.3 Coexistence with Point Cloud Pipeline 5.3.4 Elevation Information 5.4 Future Directions 5.4.1 Forward-facing SAR 5.4.2 SAR for Moving Objects 5.4.3 Gapped SAR 5.5 Conclusion 6 Radar Transceiver Technologies 6.1 Background and Introduction to Automotive Radar 6.2 Block Diagram Overview of an FMCW Radar Transceiver 6.3 Challenges with Deeply Scaled CMOS 6.4 Active devices in CMOS 6.5 Passives in CMOS 6.6 Circuit Architectures suitable for Advanced CMOS 6.6.1 The Transmit Power Amplifier 6.6.2 The TX Phase Shifter 6.7 The LO / FMCW Chirp Generator 6.8 The Receiver Signal Chain 6.8.1 RX Front End 6.8.2 Radar RX Baseband 6.9 Summary 7 Radar Challenges from the Automotive Scene 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Range Swath 7.1.2 Imaging dense clutter 7.1.3 Simultaneous Transmit and Receive 7.2 Scene Dynamic Range 7.3 Ground Bounce (Unresolved Reflections) 7.4 Multipath (Resolved Reflections) 8 Radar Interference 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Motivation and Definitions 8.3 Impacts and Manifestation 8.3.1 Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM)/Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) 8.3.2 Phase modulated continuous wave (PMCW) radar and Mixed waveforms 8.3.2.1 FMCW interfering with PMCW 8.3.2.2 PMCM to FMCW 8.3.2.3 PMCW to PMCW 8.4 RFI Mitigations 8.4.1 Mitigations Local to the Radar 8.4.2 Global Mitigations: Non-Cooperative Countermeasures 8.4.3 Global Mitigations: Cooperative Countermeasures 8.4.4 Global Mitigations: Regulations 8.5 Recommendations for the future 8.5.1 Use Less Energy and Power 8.5.2 Report confidence 8.5.3 Create a useful taxonomy for RFI mitigation 9 The Impacts of Water (Weather) on Automotive Radar 9.1 Introduction 9.2 System Losses 9.2.1 Transmission Loss 9.2.2 Target Loss 9.2.3 Radome Loss 9.3 Array Performance 9.4 Backscattering Phenomenology 9.4.1 Rainfall Backscatterer 9.4.2 Road Spray 9.5 Potential Mitigations Part 3: Integration and System Considerations 10 Safety Considerations for Radars in Fully Autonomous Vehicles 10.1 Introduction 10.2 What is Safety? 10.3 Safety Standards 10.3.1 ISO 26262 and ISO 21448 10.3.2 Relationship to Existing Standards and Processes 10.4 Lessons from Industry 10.4.1 Emphasize understanding over following checklists 10.4.2 Embrace systems engineering 10.4.3 Address safety in the most appropriate place 10.4.4 Improve Supplier / Customer Engagement 10.4.5 Recognize the criticality of a high-quality Safety Manual 10.4.6 Beware the many pitfalls of safety analysis 10.4.7 Applying Safety to emerging or complex technologies 10.5 Safety Concepts for L4 ADS and Implications for Radar 10.5.1 Safety Considerations on Multiple Sensor Modalities 10.5.2 Safety Considerations on Radar Data 10.5.3 Radar FuSa and SOTIF Roots Causes and Mitigations 10.5.4 Safety Considerations Due to Available Radar Technology 10.6 Safety Consideration for Verification & Validation 10.7 Conclusion 11 Testing Automotive Radars 11.1 Introduction - Why is testing necessary? 11.1.1 Validation and verification of system performance 11.1.2 Conformance to legal regulations and industrial standards 11.1.3 Safety performance assessment 11.2 Measurable Parameters - From sensor level to vehicle integration 11.2.1 Transmitter Tests 11.2.2 Receiver Test 11.2.3 Antenna and Radome Test 11.2.4 Performance and Functional Tests 11.2.5 Integration Testing 11.3 Test Equipment 11.3.1 General Test Equipment 11.3.2 Radar Echo Generators 11.3.3 Measurement antennas 11.3.4 Anechoic chambers 11.3.5 Positioners 11.4 Example Test Setups 11.4.1 Transmitter Test Setup 11.4.2 Setup for sensor calibration and performance tests 11.4.3 Setups for EMC and OOB testing 11.4.4 Simulating interference from other automotive radar transmitters 11.4.5 Exemplary test scenario 11.4.6 ADAS Integration Testbed 11.4.7 Vehicle-in-the-Loop Test Dr. Markel Bio Contributor Bios

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Book SynopsisNovel deep learning approaches are achieving state-of-the-art accuracy in the area of radar target recognition, enabling applications beyond the scope of human-level performance. This book provides an introduction to the unique aspects of machine learning for radar signal processing that any scientist or engineer seeking to apply these technologies ought to be aware of. The book begins with three introductory chapters on radar systems and phenomenology, machine learning principles, and optimization for training common deep neural network (DNN) architectures. Subsequently, the book summarizes radar-specific issues relating to the different domain representations in which radar data may be presented to DNNs and synthetic data generation for training dataset augmentation. Further chapters focus on specific radar applications, which relate to DNN design for micro-Doppler analysis, SAR-based automatic target recognition, radar remote sensing, and emerging fields, such as data fusion and image reconstruction. Edited by an acknowledged expert, and with contributions from an international team of authors, this book provides a solid introduction to the fundamentals of radar and machine learning, and then goes on to explore a range of technologies, applications and challenges in this developing field. This book is also a valuable resource for both radar engineers seeking to learn more about deep learning, as well as computer scientists who are seeking to explore novel applications of machine learning. In an era where the applications of RF sensing are multiplying by the day, this book serves as an easily accessible primer on the nuances of deep learning for radar applications.Table of Contents Prologue: perspectives on deep learning of RF data Part I: Fundamentals Chapter 1: Radar systems, signals, and phenomenology Chapter 2: Basic principles of machine learning Chapter 3: Theoretical foundations of deep learning Part II: Special topics Chapter 4: Radar data representation for classification of activities of daily living Chapter 5: Challenges in training DNNs for classification of radar micro-Doppler signatures Chapter 6: Machine learning techniques for SAR data augmentation Part III: Applications Chapter 7: Classifying micro-Doppler signatures using deep convolutional neural networks Chapter 8: Deep neural network design for SAR/ISAR-based automatic target recognition Chapter 9: Deep learning for passive synthetic aperture radar imaging Chapter 10: Fusion of deep representations in multistatic radar networks Chapter 11: Application of deep learning to radar remote sensing Epilogue: looking toward the future

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Book Synopsis'Deeply researched and engagingly written' The Times'Has the pace and style of a well-crafted thriller' Mail on Sunday'Chock full of memorable characters and written with all the drama and pace of a Robert Harris thriller' Rowland White, author of Harrier 809The radio war of 1939-45 is one of the great scientific battles in history.This is the story of that war.Relying on first-hand accounts as well as papers recently released by the Admiralty, The Battle of the Beams fills a huge missing piece in the canon of WW2 literature.It combines history, science, derring do and dogged determination and will appeal as much to fans of WW2 history as to those fascinated by the science behind the beams that changed our lives.The British believed that, through ingenuity and scientific prowess, they alone have a war-winning weapon: radar. They are wrong. The Germans have it too.They believe that their unique maritime history means their pilots have no need of navigational aids. Flying above the clouds they, like the seafarers of old, had the stars to guide them, and that is all that is required. They are wrong. Most of the bombs the RAF will drop in the first years of the war land miles from their target.They also believe that the Germans, without the same naval tradition, will never be able to find targets at night. They are, again, wrong. In 1939 the Germans don't just have radar to spot planes entering their airspace, they have radio beams to guide their own planes into enemy airspace.Luckily there was one young engineer, Reginald Jones, helping the British government with their own scientific developments. In June 1940, when Jones quietly explained the beams the Germans had devised to a room full of disbelieving sceptics, Churchill later described the moment as like sitting in the parlour while Sherlock Holmes finally reveals the killer. Churchill immediately supported Jones's efforts to develop radar technology that went on to help the Allies win the war.Trade ReviewMany histories claim without justification that their particular area of study changed the course of the Second World War. Whipple's deeply researched and engagingly written account of the secret science of radar is, by contrast, a genuine contender. * The Times *The struggle for electronic supremacy, the so-called battle of the beams, is enthrallingly recreated by Tom Whipple in a book that has the pace and style of a well-crafted thriller. * Mail on Sunday *The gripping true story of a war fought in the shadows. From critical strategic decisions made in Whitehall to daring special forces operations behind enemy lines, Tom Whipple has vividly brought to life a scientific arms race that would determine the outcome of the war. Chock full of memorable characters and written with all the drama and pace of a Robert Harris thriller, The Battle of the Beams reminds us that both brains and brawn were required to stay ahead of a sophisticated and dangerous enemy. Not all heroes wear capes. Some wear lab coats. * Rowland White, author of Mosquito *Told with humour, the science is easy to understand in this tribute to a war without weapons. * Sun *Decoding the science in a digestible way for readers, The Battle of the Beams is a fantastic way into to a less discussed period of World War Two history. * Britain at War *

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Book SynopsisOver the last ten years, the numbers of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) or “drones” have changed from being just a few specialist systems, used for scientific data gathering and military purposes, to them proliferating in huge numbers. They are used across a broad range of different leisure, commercial and military activities. UAVs can be used for: movement of items in factories for manufacturing, passenger and freight transportation, can take various roles in the agriculture and forestry industries (dispensing seeds, watering and monitoring crops), remote sensing for the oil and gas industries, traffic flow monitoring, support of emergency services, hobbies, security, military and many other applications. The expansion in the use of unmanned air vehicles has come about due to the development of low cost, high performance stable platforms, employing equally low-cost communication and navigation systems supplemented by simple to use software and interfaces. Therefore, there is a need to be able to monitor the rapidly changing use of airspace, especially at low and normally neglected altitudes to ensure UAVs do not compromise safety or are used for malicious purposes. Radar is the only sensor able to perform this function on a 24-hour, all weather, wide-area basis. This book, concerned with radar surveillance of UAVs, has been compiled using contributions from the leading experts around the world to create a single body of knowledge on this important, yet still emerging, topic. It is aimed at advanced students and researchers with an interest in radar systems.Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1: Counter UAS systems overview Chapter 2: Systems design considerations Chapter 3: Applications of millimetre wave radar for UAV detection and classification Chapter 4: Detection and tracking of UAVs using an interferometric radar Chapter 5: Passive radar detection of drones with staring illuminators of opportunity Chapter 6: DVB-T-based passive radar for silent surveillance of drones Chapter 7: Multiband passive radar for drones detection and localization Chapter 8: GNSS-based UAV detection Chapter 9: Radar UAV and bird signature comparisons with micro-Doppler Chapter 10: Radar recognition of multiple UAVs Chapter 11: Advanced classification techniques for drone payloads Chapter 12: Good practices and approaches for counter UAV system developments - an industrial perspective Conclusion

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Book SynopsisAfter nearly 50 years of sustained research and 30 years of operational deployment, research in weather radars has witnessed tremendous growth over the past decade and is now spilling over to novel applications and geographies. This book provides a systematic and thorough review of advances in research, developments, and technologies in the field. A truly comprehensive collection in 3 volumes, Advances in Weather Radar has been developed by three expert editors and written by senior researchers from academia, research laboratories, and national weather agencies. Every chapter has been reviewed by the editors and an external reviewer to ensure quality and accuracy. The key elements for understanding weather radar are covered, from the fundamental science and engineering to signal processing, electromagnetics, and applications. Special attention is given to dual-polarization radar because of its important applications in rainfall measurement, in elucidating details of cloud physical processes, classification of meteorological and non-meteorological echo types, the validation and evaluation of bulk microphysical schemes that predict number density and mixing ratio, and radar hydrology among other more recent applications. Volume 1: Precipitation sensing platforms begins with a historical overview of the last decade focusing on the key technical and scientific ideas that have propelled the field forward, and goes on to address major advances in designing, operating, and deploying weather radars across the globe. Volume 2: Precipitation science, scattering, and processing algorithms considers theoretical milestones achieved in microphysics, electromagnetics, and signal processing of radar meteorology. Volume 3: Emerging applications includes applications of weather radars in novel as well as non-meteorological applications. These edited volumes are intended to be useful to graduate students, radar systems designers, high-level managers of national meteorological services, and other research scientists who need to delve deeper into specific topics that cannot be found elsewhere.Table of Contents Chapter 1: Radar hydrology Chapter 2: Quantitative precipitation estimation from weather radars, personal weather stations and commercial microwave links Chapter 3: Quantitative weather radar: a research to operations perspective in Canada Chapter 4: Volcanic plume retrieval using weather radar Chapter 5: The effect of weather on the performance of mm-wave and sub-THz automotive radar Chapter 6: Spectral interference in weather radars from wireless communication systems Chapter 7: Advances in weather radar monitoring of bird movement Chapter 8: Complementary operation of Doppler radar and lidar at airports

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Book SynopsisThe micro-Doppler effect appears as Doppler frequency modulations in coherent laser or microwave radar systems induced by mechanical vibrations or rotations of a target or any part on the target. These Doppler modulations become a distinctive signature of a target that incorporates vibrating or rotating structures, and provides evidence of the identity of the target with movement. This book concentrates on the processing and application of radar micro-Doppler signatures in real world situations, providing readers with a working knowledge on various applications of radar micro-Doppler signatures such as detection, tracking and discrimination of vehicles and dismounts, identifying human movement based on radar micro-Doppler signatures, detection and tracking small boats in sea, detection and discrimination complex motion of missile warheads, discrimination of quadrupedal animals, and detection and tracking of flying birds. Topics covered include bistatic/multistatic micro-Doppler signatures, decomposition of micro-Doppler signatures, through-wall radar micro-Doppler signatures and ultrasound micro-Doppler signature studies. Radar Micro-Doppler Signatures: Processing and applications will be of interest to R&D researchers and engineers in government research centers, industries, and universities around the world who work on radar imaging and signal analysis, target feature extraction, and non-cooperative target recognition.Table of Contents Chapter 1: Micro-Doppler Signatures - Review, Challenges, and Perspectives Chapter 2: Phenomenology of Radar Micro-Doppler Signatures Chapter 3: Analysis of Human Signatures using High-Range Resolution Micro-Doppler Radar Chapter 4: Range and Micro-Doppler Analysis of Human Motion Using High Resolution Experimental HYCAM Radar Chapter 5: Through-the-Wall Micro-Doppler Signatures Chapter 6: Identifying Human Movements Using Micro-Doppler Features Chapter 7: Micro-Doppler Signatures of Helicopter Rotor Blades Chapter 8: Micro-Doppler Signatures of Small Boats Chapter 9: Multistatic Micro-Doppler Signature Processing Chapter 10: Signal Decomposition of Micro-Doppler Signatures Chapter 11: Sonar Micro-Doppler Signatures: Principles and Applications Chapter 12: Radar Micro-Doppler Signature of Wind Turbines

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Book SynopsisRadar Principles for the Non-specialist, 3rd Edition continues its popular tradition: to distil the very complex technology of radar into its fundamentals, tying them to the laws of nature on one end and to the most modern and complex systems on the other. It starts with electromagnetic propagation, describes a radar of the utmost simplicity, and derives the radar range equation from that simple radar. Once the radar range equation is available, the book attacks the meaning of each term in it, moving through antennas, detection and tracking, radar cross-sections, waveforms and signal processing, and systems applications. At the finish, the reader should be able to do an acceptable, first order radar design and to critique the design of others. Students, engineers, scientists and managers will benefit from this book. The more noticeable enhancements to the third edition are the additions of equation numbers, more numerical examples, tables and figures showing many of the concepts numerically, and exercises for almost all of the concepts. These enhancements make the book easier to learn from and easier to teach out of.Table of Contents Chapter 1: Elementary Electromagnetics and the Radar Range Equation Chapter 2: Antennas Chapter 3: Detection and Tracking Chapter 4: Radar Cross Section Chapter 5: Waveforms and Signal Processing Chapter 6: Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) Chapter 7: Systems Applications Chapter 8: Loose Ends of Radar Lore Chapter 9: Radar Potentials and Limitations Appendix 1: Conversion to Decibels Appendix 2: The Radar Spectrum Appendix 3: Fourier Series and Transforms Appendix 4: Answers to Exercises Appendix 5: Glossary

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Book SynopsisThis is the only English language book on bistatic radar. It starts with James Casper's fine chapter in the first edition of Skolnik's Radar Handbook (1970), capturing previously unpublished work before 1970. It then summarizes and codifies subsequent bistatic radar research and development, especially as catalogued in the special December 1986 IEE journal. It defines and resolves many issues and controversies plaguing bistatic radar, including predicted performance, monostatic equivalence, bistatic radar cross section and resolution, bistatic Doppler, hitchhiking, SAR, ECM/ECCM, and, most importantly, the utility of bistatic radars. The text provides a history of bistatic systems that points out to potential designers, the applications that have worked and the dead-ends not worth pursuing. The text reviews the basic concepts and definitions, and explains the mathematical development of relationships, such as geometry, Ovals of Cassini, dynamic range, isorange and isodoppler contours, target doppler, and clutter doppler spread.Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview Chapter 2: History Chapter 3: Coordinate Systems, Geometry, and Equations Chapter 4: Range Relationships Chapter 5: Location and Area Relationships Chapter 6: Doppler Relationships Chapter 7: Target Resolution Chapter 8: Target Cross Section Chapter 9: Clutter Chapter 10: Electronic Countermeasures and Counter-Countermeasures Chapter 11: Multistatic Radars Chapter 12: Special Concepts and Applications Chapter 13: Special Problems and Requirements Appendix A: Early Publications of Bistatic Radar Phenomenology Appendix B: Width of a Bistatic Range Cell Appendix C: Approximation to the Location Equation Appendix D: Area within a Maximum Range Oval of Cassini Appendix E: Relationships Between Parameters in Target Location and Clutter Doppler Spread Equations Appendix F: Orthogonal Conic Section Theorems

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Bistatic Radar updates and extends bistatic and multistatic radar developments since the publication of Willis' Bistatic Radar in 1991. New and recently declassified military applications are documented, civil applications are detailed including commercial and scientific systems and leading radar engineers provide expertise to each of these applications. Advances in Bistatic Radar consists of two major sections: Bistatic/Multistatic Radar Systems and Bistatic Clutter and Signal Processing. Starting with a history update, the first section documents the early and now declassified military AN/FPS-23 Fluttar DEW-Line Gap-filler, and high frequency (HF) bistatic radars developed for missile attack warning. It then documents the recently developed passive bistatic and multistatic radars exploiting commercial broadcast transmitters for military and civilian air surveillance. Next, the section documents scientific bistatic radar systems for planetary exploration, which have exploited data link transmitters over the last forty years; ionospheric measurements, again exploiting commercial broadcast transmitters; and 3-D wind field measurements using a bistatic receiver hitchhiking off doppler weather radars. This last application has been commercialized. The second section starts by documenting the full, unclassified bistatic clutter scattering coefficient data base, along with the theory and analysis supporting its development. The section then details two major clutter-related developments, spotlight bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can now generate high resolution images using bistatic autofocus and related techniques; and adaptive moving target indication (MTI), which allows cancellation of nonstationary clutter generated by moving (i.e. airborne) platforms through the use of bistatic space-time adaptive processing (STAP).Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Part I Bistatic/Multistatic Radar Systems Chapter 2: History Update Chapter 3: Fluttar DEW-Line Gap-Filler Chapter 4: Missile Attack Warning Chapter 5: Planetary Exploration Chapter 6: Air Surveillance Chapter 7: Ionospheric Measurements Chapter 8: Wind Measurements Part II Bistatic Clutter and Signal Processing Chapter 9: Clutter Chapter 10: Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar Chapter 11: Adaptive Moving Target Indication

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Book SynopsisPhased-Array Radar Design is a text-reference designed for electrical engineering graduate students in colleges and universities as well as for corporate in-house training programs for radar design engineers, especially systems engineers and analysts who would like to gain hands-on, practical knowledge and skills in radar design fundamentals, advanced radar concepts, trade-offs for radar design and radar performance analysis. This book is a concise yet complete treatment of the relationship between mission-level requirements and specific hardware and software requirements and capabilities. Although focusing on surface-based radars, the material is general enough to serve as a useful addition to books currently available for this purpose. It covers all phases of design and development, including the development of initial concepts and overall system requirements, system architecture, hardware and software subsystem requirements, detailed algorithms and system integration and test. This book provides a wealth of information rarely covered in one book. It is unique in that it provides a hands on and how to perspective on applying radar theory to design and analysis. Rather than being a theory and derivations-type, this book is applications-oriented making it different from other published works on this subject.Table of Contents Chapter 1: Radar Fundamentals Chapter 2: Target Detection Chapter 3: Waveforms, Matched Filtering, and Radar Signal Processing Chapter 4: Search and Acquisition Functions Chapter 5: Estimation, Tracking, and Data Association Chapter 6: Target Classification, Discrimination, and Identification Chapter 7: Data Processing Algorithms for Phased-Array Radars Chapter 8: Interference Suppression Techniques Chapter 9: Phased-Array Radar Architectures Chapter 10: Fundamental Radar Design Trade-Offs Chapter 11: Performance-Driven Radar Requirements Chapter 12: Missile Defense Radar Design Considerations Chapter 13: Early Warning Radar Design Considerations Chapter 14: Air Defense Radar Design Considerations Chapter 15: Predicted Performance of Phased-Array Radars

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Book SynopsisThis book is a practitioner's guide to all aspects of pulse Doppler radar. It concentrates on airborne military radar systems since they are the most used, most complex, and most interesting of the pulse Doppler radars; however, ground-based and non-military systems are also included. It covers the fundamental science, signal processing, hardware issues, systems design and case studies of typical systems. It will be a useful resource for engineers of all types (hardware, software and systems), academics, post-graduate students, scientists in radar and radar electronic warfare sectors and military staff. Case studies add interest and credibility by illustrating how and where the ideas presented within the book work in real life. This book is an important reference providing complete and up-to-date coverage of a significant area of radar technology and is an important source for engineers and academics who lecture this subject. Key features include: Methods of selection of precise PRF values PRF schedule design Strategies to combat the ghosting problem Minimize range/velocity blindness and minimize dwell time Case studies on generic radar types such as airborne fire control radar, airborne early warningradar, active radar missile seekers and air defense radars Table of Contents Part I: Basic Concepts Chapter 1: Historical Justification for Pulse Doppler Radar Chapter 2: Radar Detection Performance Chapter 3: Pulsed Radar Chapter 4: Doppler Sensing Radar Chapter 5: The Ambiguity Function Chapter 6: Clutter Chapter 7: Pulse Doppler Processing Chapter 8: Radar Hardware Part IIA: High Pulse Repetition Frequency Pulse Doppler Radar Chapter 9: High Pulse Repetition Frequency Pulse Doppler Radar Chapter 10: Frequency Modulation Ranging in High PRF Part IIB: Medium Pulse Repetition Frequency Pulse Doppler Radar Chapter 11: Introduction to Medium Pulse Repetition Frequency Radar Chapter 12: Factors Affecting the Choice of PRFs Chapter 13: Medium Pulse Repetition Frequency Schedule Design Chapter 14: Detection Performance Part III: Case Studies Chapter 15: Methods of Pulse Repetition Frequency Selection Chapter 16: Airborne Fire Control Radar Chapter 17: Airborne Early Warning Radar Chapter 18: Active Radar Missile Seekers Chapter 19: Ground-Based Air Defense Radar

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