Public international law: law of the sea Books

Book SynopsisThe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an independent judicial body established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. The Tribunal is open to States Parties to the Convention and, in certain cases, to entities other than State Parties (such as international organizations and natural or legal persons). The jurisdiction of the Tribunal comprises all disputes submitted to it in accordance with the Convention. It also extends to all matters specifically provided for in any other agreement with confers jurisdiction on the Tribunal. This volume contains the Judgments and Orders delivered by the Tribunal in the year 2002 in English and French. Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est un organe judiciaire indépendant créé par la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer pour connaître des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et l’application de la Convention. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats Parties à la Convention et, dans certains cas, à des entités autres que les Etats Parties (telles que des organisations internationales et des personnes physiques et morales). La compétence du Tribunal s’étends à tous les différends qui lui sont soumis conformément à la Convention. Elle s’étends également à toutes les matières prévues de manière spécifique dans tout autre accord qui confère compétence au Tribunal. Le présent volume contient le texte en français et en anglais des arrêts et ordonnances rendus par le Tribunal au cours de l’année 2002.Table of ContentsThe “Volga” Case (Russian Federation v. Australia), List of cases: No. 11, Order of 2 December 2002, Judgment of 23 December 2002 , Declaration of Vice-President Vukas, Declaration of Judge Marsit, Separate Opinion of Judge Cot, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Anderson, Dissenting Opinion of Judge ad hoc Shearer. Affaire du “Volga”, (Fédération de Russie c. Australie), Rôle des affaires: No. 11, Ordonnance du 2 décembre 2002, Arrêt du 23 décembre 2002, Déclaration de M. Vukas, Vice-Président, Déclaration de M. le juge Marsit, Opinion individuelle de M. le juge Cot, Opinion dissidente de M. le juge Anderson, Opinion dissidente de M. le juge ad hoc Shearer.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the often vexed question of national maritime claims and the delimitation of international maritime boundaries. The number of undelimited international maritime boundaries is much larger than the number of agreed lines. The two boundaries that define the marine domain of coastal states are examined. First the baselines along the coast may consist of low-water lines or straight lines or a combination of both. When straight lines are used they define the seaward limit of the state's internal waters. Second the outer limits of claims to territorial seas, contiguous zones and exclusive economic zones are measured from the baselines. All states will have to delimit at least one international boundary with a neighbouring state, whether adjacent or opposite. In confined seas no state can claim the full entitlement and must negotiate international boundaries with all neighbours. Many states bordering oceans can claim the full entitlement seawards, although they will need to delimit national boundaries with adjacent neighbours.

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Book SynopsisThe focus of this book is on current ocean law and policy issues particularly in the region around China. A main emphasis is a comprehensive survey of Chinese positions on potential flashpoints such as delimitation in the East China Sea and South China Sea. Other topical subjects covered by both Chinese and outside experts are integrated coastal zone management, oil and gas development in the region, fishery management and enforcement, global advancements in marine science, commercial navigation challenges and protection of underwater cultural heritage sites. The authors make clear that there is a strong, shared commitment to cooperative solutions over maritime disputes within the framework of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The work will be useful to anyone concerned with law of the sea in general and the evolving attitudes of States near China in particular.Table of ContentsPrefatory Note, Note by the Editors, Welcome Remarks, John Norton Moore, Director, Center for Oceans Law and Policy, University of Virginia, Kuen-chen Fu, Executive Associate Director, Center for Oceans Policy and Law, Xiamen University, Zhu Chong-shi, President, Xiamen University, Keynote Addresses, UNCLOS: Two Decades On, S. Jayakumar, The Basic Position of China on the Settlement of Maritime Disputes Through Negotiations, Liu Zhenmin, Panel I: The United Nations and the Law of the Sea, John Norton Moore, Moderator, Panel II: Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Hong Huasheng, Moderator, Panel III: Oil and Gas Developments and Environmental Protection in the South China Sea, Zhu Da-kui, Moderator, Panel IV: Regional Fisheries, Mary Beth West, Moderator, Panel V: Regional Maritime Enforcement, John Norton Moore, Moderator, Panel VI: Global Developments in Marine Science, Yuan Dong-xing, Moderator, Panel VII: Commercial Shipping in the Region, Myron H. Nordquist, Moderator, Panel VIII: Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection, Kuen-chen Fu, Moderator, Closing Remarks, John Norton Moore.

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Book SynopsisDevoted to assessing the state of ocean and coastal governance, knowledge, and management, the Ocean Yearbook provides information in one convenient resource. As in previous editions, articles provide multidisciplinary expert perspectives on contemporary issues. Each new volume draws on policy studies, international relations, international and comparative law, management, marine sciences, economics, and social sciences. Each volume contains key legal and policy instruments and an annually updated global directory of ocean-related organizations. The Yearbook is a collaborative initiative of the International Ocean Institute (www.ioinst.org) in Malta and the Marine & Environmental Law Institute (www.dal.ca/law/MELAW) at Dalhousie Law School.Table of ContentsContents Marc Joseph Hershman (1942–2008): In Memoriam The International Ocean Institute Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Dalhousie Law School Acknowledgments Issues and Prospects Ecosystem-Based Marine Spatial Management: An Evolving Paradigm for the Management of Coastal and Marine Places, Fanny Douvere and Charles Ehler The Need for an Arctic Treaty: Growing from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Rob Huebert The Consequences of Climate Change in the Arctic, Louise Ange´lique de La Fayette Ocean Governance Good Ocean Governance, Yen-Chiang Chang Understanding Influence: Lessons from Canada’s and Nova Scotia’s 1999 Georges Bank Moratorium Decision, Lucia M. Fanning What’s in a Name? The Legal Regime in the Caspian Sea (or Lake), David Griffiths Maritime Dispute (Peru v. Chile): Background and Preliminary Thoughts, Angel V. Horna A European Integrated Maritime Policy: An Innovative Approach to Policy-Making, Haitze Siemers The Management, Planning and Governance of the U.K. Marine and Coastal Environment, Hance D. Smith, Rhoda C. Ballinger, Tim Stojanovic, Jeanette Reis, Jonathan S. Potts and David Carter Living Resources Preserving the Antarctic Marine Food Web: Achievements and Challenges in Antarctic Krill Fisheries Management, Virginia Gasco´n Gonza´lez and Rodolfo Werner Kinkelin Analysis of IUU Fishing in Indonesia for the Reform of Fisheries Legislative and Institutional Frameworks, Dikdik Mohamad Sodik Environment and Coastal Management The Costa Sul Program: Integrated Coastal Management with Latin American Applicability, Milton L. Asmus and Paulo Roberto A. Tagliani Coastal Zone Management in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Jose´ R. Dadon and Silvia D. Matteucci Management Approaches to Address Water Quality and Habitat Loss Problems in Coastal Ecosystems and Their Watersheds: Ecotechnology and Ecological Engineering, John W. Day, Alejandro Ya´n˜ez-Arancibia and William J. Mitsch Challenges and Opportunities for Integrated Coastal Management in Uruguay, Rodrigo Menafra, Daniel Conde, Ingrid Roche, Denise Gorfinkiel, Clara Pı´riz, Washington Baliero, Emilio Biasco, Mo´nica Fossati, Eugenio Lorenzo, Rafael Cortazzo and Robert Fournier The Strides and Gaps in Brazilian Integrated Coastal Zone Management: An Undercover Evaluation of the Scientific Community’s Perceptions and Actions, Marcus Polette and Paulo Freire Vieira Responding to Coastal Issues in the United Kingdom: Managing Information and Collaborating through Partnerships, Tim Stojanovic and Rhoda Ballinger Functioning of the Grijalva-Usumacinta River Delta, Mexico: Challenges for Coastal Management, Alejandro Ya´n˜ez-Arancibia, John W. Day and Bruce Currie-Alder Regional Developments Regional Ocean Governance in the Pacific Revisited, Pio E. Manoa and Joeli Veitayaki Book Reviews David Anderson, Modern Law of the Sea. Selected Essays (Moira L. McConnell) Veronica Frank, The European Community and Marine Environmental Protection in the International Law of the Sea: Implementing Global Obligations at the Regional Level (Robert Boardman) Maria Gavouneli, Functional Jurisdiction in the Law of the Sea (Erik Franckx) Ralph J. Gillis, Navigational Servitudes (Dawn A. Russell) David Kenneth Leary, International Law and the Genetic Resources of the Deep Sea (Montserrat Gorina-Ysern) Rona´n J. Long, Marine Resource Law (David VanderZwaag) Myron Nordquist, Rona´n Long, Tomas H. Heidar and John Norton Moore (editors), Law, Science and Ocean Management (Christopher C. Joyner) Clive R. Symmons, Historic Waters in the Law of the Sea: A Modern Re- Appraisal (Donat Pharand) Appendices A. Annual Report of the International Ocean Institute 1. Report of the International Ocean Institute, 2007 B. Selected Documents and Proceedings 1. Oceans and the Law of the Sea Report of the Secretary- General, 2008 2. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Report of the Eighteenth Meeting of States Parties, New York, 13–20 June 2008 3. Report on the Work of the United Nations Open-Ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea at Its Ninth Meeting, New York, 23–27 June 2008 4. Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 5. Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean 6. Pacem in Maribus XXXII — The Malta Declaration C. Directory of Ocean-Related Organizations Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisThe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an international court with competence to settle disputes concerning the law of the sea. It is a central forum for the settlement of disputes relating to the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in The “Hoshinmaru” Case (Japan v. Russian Federation), Prompt Release. The documents are reproduced in their original language. The Tribunal delivered its Judgment on 6 August 2007. It is published in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 2005-2007 (ITLOS Reports 2005-2007). Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui a compétence en matière de règlement des différends relatifs au droit de la mer. Il est une instance centrale pour le règlement des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et à l’application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer. Le présent volume contient le texte des pièces de la procédure écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents relatifs à la procédure dans l’Affaire du « Hoshinmaru » (Japon c. Fédération de Russie), prompte mainlevée. Les documents sont reproduits dans la langue originale utilisée. Le Tribunal a rendu son arrêt le 6 août 2007. L’arrêt est publié dans Recueil des arrêts, avis consultatifs et ordonnances 2005-2007 (TIDM Recueil 2005-2007).Table of ContentsINSTITUTION OF PROCEEDINGS –INTRODUCTION DE L’INSTANCE APPLICATION OF JAPAN The “HOSHINMARU” case (Japan v. Russian Federation), Prompt Release Affaire du « HOSHINMARU » (Japon c. Fédération de Russie), prompte mainlevée Annexes 1-12 PLEADINGS - MÉMOIRES STATEMENT IN RESPONSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION MINUTES OF PUBLIC SITTINGS – PROCÈS-VERBAL DES AUDIENCES PUBLIQUES Minutes of the public sittings held on 19, 20 and 23 july and 6 august 2007 Procès-verbal des audiences publiques des 19, 20 et 23 juillet et du 6 août 2007 Public sitting held on 19 july 2007 Audience publique du 19 juillet 2007 Opening of the Oral Proceedings Ouverture de la procédure orale Argument of Japan Statement of Mr Komatsu (Agent, Japan) Statement of Mr Lowe (Advocate, Japan) PUBLIC SITTING HELD ON 20 JULY 2007 AUDIENCE PUBLIQUE DU 20 JUILLET 2007 Argument of the Russian Federation Statement of Mr Zagaynov (Agent, Russian Federation) Statement of Mr Monakhov (Deputy Agent, Russian Federation) Statement of Mr Golitsyn (Counsel, Russian Federation) p.m. Réplique du Japon Exposé de M. Hamamoto (Avocat, Japon) Statement of Mr Lowe (Advocate, Japan) Rejoinder of the Russian Federation Statement of Mr Golitsyn (Counsel, Russian Federation) PUBLIC SITTING HELD ON 23 JULY 2007 AUDIENCE PUBLIQUE DU 23 JUILLET 2007 Reply of Japan (continued) Statement of Mr Komatsu (Agent, Japan) Rejoinder of the Russian Federation (continued) Statement of Mr Zagaynov (Agent, Russian Federation) Closure of the Oral Proceedings Clôture de la procédure orale PUBLIC SITTING HELD ON 6 AUGUST 2007 AUDIENCE PUBLIQUE DU 6 août 2007 Reading of the Judgment Lecture de l’arrêt DOCUMENTS – DOCUMENTS Authorizations – Autorisations Completion of Documentation – Complément d’information Responses to questions from the Tribunal - Réponses aux questions du Tribunal Additional documents submitted before the closure of the written proceedings Documents additionnels soumis avant la clôture de la procédure écrite Submitted by Japan Submitted by the Russian Federation Corrections to Final Submissions*

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Book SynopsisPleadings, Minutes of Public Sittings and Documents. 2007 - Volume 14 The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an international court with competence to settle disputes concerning the law of the sea. It is a central forum for the settlement of disputes relating to the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in The “Tomimaru” Case (Japan v. Russian Federation), Prompt Release. The documents are reproduced in their original language. The Tribunal delivered its Judgment on 6 August 2007. It is published in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 2005-2007 (ITLOS Reports 2005-2007). Mémoires, procès-verbaux et documents. 2007 - volume 14 Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui a compétence en matière de règlement des différends relatifs au droit de la mer. Il est une instance centrale pour le règlement des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et à l’application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer. Le présent volume contient le texte des pièces de la procédure écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents relatifs à la procédure dans l’Affaire du « Tomimaru » (Japon c. Fédération de Russie), prompte mainlevée. Les documents sont reproduits dans la langue originale utilisée. Le Tribunal a rendu son arrêt le 6 août 2007. L’arrêt est publié dans Recueil des arrêts, avis consultatifs et ordonnances 2005-2007 (TIDM Recueil 2005-2007).

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Book SynopsisChanges in the Arctic Environment and the Law of the Sea is based on the 33rd Annual Conference of the Center for Oceans Law and Policy, a primary sponsor, along with the Law of the Sea Institute of Iceland as well as with the U.S. Arctic Commission, the University of Alaska (Fairbanks) and the Law of the Sea Institute, Law School (Boalt Hall), University of California, Berkeley.Table of ContentsThe Alaskan Context Welcoming Remarks, Mead Treadwell Conference Emphasizes Cooperation, Notes Gaps in Arctic Management, Tkac Panel I: Overview of Changes in the Arctic Environment and the Law of the Sea Introductory Remarks, Satya N. Nandan The UNCLOS Negotiations on Ice-Covered Areas, John Norton Moore Cooperation or Conflict in the Arctic, Rob Huebert National Maritime Claims in the Arctic, Brian J. Van Pay Panel II: Scientific Background Introductory Remarks, Barbara Moore Sea Floor Mapping and Exploration in a Changing Arctic Sea Ice Environment, Larry Mayer Changes in the Arctic Environment, Stephen A. Macko A Network of Marine Protected Areas in the Arctic: Promises and Challenges, Suzanne Lalonde Comments and Q & A for Panels I & II Panel III: Arctic Marine Transport Introductory Remarks, RADM Arthur E. Brooks The Arctic Council’s Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment, Lawson W. Brigham International Arctic Shipping: Towards Strategic Scaling-Up of Marine Environment Protection, Aldo Chircop Arctic Marine Transport: Navigation Issues, Capt. J. Ashley Roach (ret.) Panel IV: Northwest Passage, Northern Sea Route and Trans-polar Route Introductory Remarks, Rüdiger Wolfrum The Northwest Passage: International Law, Politics and Cooperation, Ted L. McDorman Arctic Strategy and Military Security, CDR James Kraska Northern Sea Route: Legal Issues and Current Transportation Practice, Alexander S. Skaridov Comments and Q & A for Panels III & IV Panel V: New Challenges: Arctic Marine Environment & Biodiversity Introductory Remarks, David D. Caron Ensuring the Protection of Arctic Marine Biodiversity in the Face of Climate Change, Jennifer Jeffers Has International Law Failed the Polar Bear? Nigel Bankes New Roles for the US Coast Guard [PowerPoint only], CDR James D. McMahon The Need for Ecosystem-Based Management of the Arctic, H. Jordan Diamond Panel VI: Arctic Living Resources Introductory Remarks, David VanderZwaag Considering Future Arctic Fisheries, David A. Balton Issues in Arctic Fisheries Governance: A Canadian Perspective, Lorraine (Lori) Ridgeway A Perspective from an Alaskan Native, Earl Kingik Comments and Q & A for Panels V & VI Panel VII: Continental Shelf Limits and Jurisdiction Introductory Remarks, Tomas H. Heidar US Continental Shelf Policy, Margaret F. Hayes Danish Interests in the Arctic, Thomas Winkler Russian Policy on the Arctic Continental Shelf, Alexander S. Skaridov Complications in Delimiting the Outer Continental Shelf, Ron Macnab Panel VIII: Arctic Offshore Oil and Gas Resources Introductory Remarks, Paul L. Kelly Russia’s Polar Oil and Gas Potential, Anatoly Zolotukhin Private Oil and Gas Development in the Arctic Ocean [Abstract & PowerPoint only], Peter Slaiby US Geological Survey Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal [Abstract & PowerPoint only], Brenda S. Pierce Comments and Q & A for Panels VII & VIII Panel IX: Spitsbergen (Svalbard) Introductory Remarks, Myron H. Nordquist The Disputed Maritime Zones Around Svalbard, Robin Churchill and Geir Ulfstein

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Book SynopsisThis pioneering publication provides a Reference Guide to the significant contributions of decisions of the World Court, as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations and the world's most senior Court with the broadest material jurisdiction, to the development of the law of the sea as a part of the global system of peace and security. The Guide is dedicated to the Court's former President Stephen M. Schwebel in appreciation of his belief that it is important for the Court to further explore its pre-eminently unique role throughout the Third Millennium. Whereas the format of specific entries covered by this Reference Guide largely corresponds to the Parts and Annexes of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) and the 1994 Part XI Agreement, the heading of each entry also contains, as appropriate, references to the 1930 League of Nations Hague Draft, the four 1958 UN Geneva Conventions and the 1995 UN Straddling Stocks Agreement, as well as to the 1972 UN Stockholm, the 1992 Rio UNCED and the 2002 Johannesbourg instruments. This will enable the reader to relate the Court's decisions to the respective UNCLOS provisions as originated from and as implemented by these global framework instruments at various stages of codification and progressive development of the law of the sea. The entries cover principally Judgments and Orders (including the related pleadings) of the PCIJ and the ICJ and those decisions of Arbitral Tribunals and other third party fora as well as national courts which have been relied upon in the Court's jurisprudence. In addition, the recent decisions of the ITLOS and some other fora, such as the Annex VII Southern Bluefin Tuna, Singapore v. Malaysia, Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana/Suriname and the Mox Plant Arbitral Tribunals, as well as references to treaties are also listed under specific entries as appropriate. Tables of Cases and Treaties will importantly facilitate the use of this Reference Guide. It has proven to be an indispensable tool for the Judges and governmental and other practitioners in furthering the coherent development of the law of the sea by international courts and tribunals on the one hand, and for international community of academics in the adequate assessing of this development on the other hand.

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Book SynopsisThe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an international court with competence to settle disputes concerning the law of the sea. It is a central forum for the settlement of disputes relating to the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in The “Juno Trader” Case (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea-Bissau), Prompt Release. The documents are reproduced in their original language. The Tribunal delivered its Judgment on 18 December 2004. It is published in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 2004 (ITLOS Reports 2004). Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui a compétence en matière de règlement des différends relatifs au droit de la mer. Il est une instance centrale pour le règlement des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et à l’application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer. Le présent volume contient le texte des pièces de la procédure écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents relatifs à la procédure dans l’Affaire du « Juno Trader » (Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines c. Guinée-Bissau), prompte mainlevée. Les documents sont reproduits dans la langue originale utilisée. Le Tribunal a rendu son arrêt le 18 décembre 2004. L’arrêt est publié dans Recueil des arrêts, avis consultatifs et ordonnances 2004 (TIDM Recueil 2004).

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Book SynopsisThe Contribution of International Fisheries Law to Human Development: An Analysis of Multilateral and ACP-EU Fisheries Instruments examines whether and how legal fisheries instruments encompass a normative consensus on human development. Focusing on both multilateral (treaties and soft-law) as well as the ACP-EU bilateral fisheries instruments, Nienke van der Burgt provides a detailed analysis as to whether these different types of legal instruments reflect the principles of equity, poverty eradication and participation, which have been identified as key indicators of human development. Moreover, specific attention is paid to whether explicit reference is made to the small-scale fisheries sector and to the role of women. Concluding that despite increasing evidence of the potential and significant contribution of fisheries towards human development, legal fisheries instruments seem to be struggling with the incorporation of a human development–centred approach, The Contribution of International Fisheries Law to Human Development is essential reading for all those involved in the fields of international environmental law and sustainable human development.Trade Review"Dr Neinke Van der Burgt writes a fascinating and timely analysis of international fisheries instruments that goes beyond interpretations of sustainability and commerce, and analyses the influence of these instruments on human development." -Quentin Hanich, University of Wollongong

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Book SynopsisThe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an independent judicial body established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. The Tribunal is open to States Parties to the Convention and, in certain cases, to entities other than States Parties (such as international organizations and natural or legal persons). The jurisdiction of the Tribunal comprises all disputes submitted to it in accordance with the Convention. It also extends to all matters specifically provided for in any other agreement which confers jurisdiction on the Tribunal. This volume contains the texts of the judicial decisions rendered by the Tribunal in the years 2008 to 2010 in English and French. Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est un organe judiciaire indépendant créé par la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer pour connaître des différends relatifs à l'interprétation et l'application de la Convention. Le Tribunal est ouvert aux Etats Parties à la Convention et, dans certains cas, à des entités autres que les Etats Parties (telles que des organisations internationales et des personnes physiques et morales). La compétence du Tribunal s'étend à tous les différends qui lui sont soumis conformément à la Convention. Elle s'étend également à toutes les matières prévues de manière spécifique dans tout autre accord qui confère compétence au Tribunal. Le présent volume contient le texte en français et en anglais des décisions rendues par le Tribunal au cours des années 2008 à 2010.

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Book SynopsisPleadings, Minutes of Public Sittings and Documents 2009-2010 - Volume 15 The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an international court with competence to settle disputes concerning the law of the sea. It is a central forum for the settlement of disputes relating to the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in two cases: Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean (Chile/European Union). Further to the agreement of the parties, the case was discontinued by the Order of the Special Chamber dated 16 December 2009. The Order is published in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 2008-2010 (ITLOS Reports 2008-2010). The M/V “Louisa” Case (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Kingdom of Spain), Provisional Measures. The Tribunal delivered its Order on 23 December 2010. It is published in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 2008-2010 (ITLOS Reports 2008-2010). The documents are reproduced in their original language. Mémoires, procès-verbaux et documents 2009-2010 - volume 15 Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui a compétence en matière de règlement des différends relatifs au droit de la mer. Il est une instance centrale pour le règlement des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et à l’application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer. Le présent volume contient le texte des pièces de la procédure écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents produits dans le cadre de deux affaires : Affaire concernant la conservation et l’exploitation durable des stocks d’espadon dans l’océan Pacifique Sud-Est (Chili/Union européenne). Faisant suite à l’accord intervenu entre les parties, l’affaire a été radiée du rôle par ordonnance de la chambre spéciale en date du 16 décembre 2009. L’ordonnance est publiée dans le Recueil des arrêts, avis consultatifs et ordonnances 2008-2010 (TIDM Recueil 2008-1020). Affaire du navire « Louisa » (Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines c. Royaume d’Espagne), mesures conservatoires. Le Tribunal a rendu son ordonnance le 23 décembre 2010. L’ordonnance est publiée dans le Recueil des arrêts, avis consultatifs et ordonnances 2008-2010 (TIDM Recueil 2008-2010). Les documents sont reproduits dans la langue originale utilisée.

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Book SynopsisRegions, Institutions, and Law of the Sea: Studies in Ocean Governance offers fresh perspectives both on issues specific to major ocean regions, and on the nature and functions of institutions that implement the legal order of the oceans. Of special interest is a set of chapters by distinguished scholars and jurists providing nuanced analysis of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea as a key actor in the institutional and regime structure. Other expert authors contribute timely analysis of specific ocean uses in the context of implementation of "soft" and "hard" law.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments Harry N. Scheiber and David D. Caron, Co-Directors, Law of the Sea Institute—UC Berkeley Introduction Harry N. Scheiber and Jin-Hyun Paik Part I:Perspectives on the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Chapter 1. José Luis Jesus Law of the Sea Disputes: The Applicable Law in the Jurisprudence of the Tribunal Chapter 2. Vaughan Lowe The “Complementary Role” of ITLOS in Development of Ocean Law Chapter 3. Rüdiger Wolfrum Ad hoc Chambers Chapter 4. Bernard H. Oxman, Separate and Dissenting Opinions and their Absence: A Window on Decision-Making in the Tribunal Chapter 5. Carlos Espósito Advisory Opinions and Jurisdiction of ITLOS Chapter 6. Philippe Gautier Two Aspects of ITLOS Proceedings: Non-state Parties and Costs of Bringing Claims Part II:Institutions Governing Ocean Activities Chapter 7. Jon M. Van Dyke Whither the UNEP Regional Seas Programmes? Chapter 8. Jean-François Pulvenis FAO, Ocean Governance, and the Law of the Sea Chapter 9. Michael W. Lodge Implementation of the Common Heritage of Mankind Chapter 10. Alexander Proelss The Role of The Authority in Ocean Governance Chapter 11. Nilufer Oral The Regime of Straits: Safety, Security and Protection of the Marine Environment Chapter 12. Sherry Broder and Marcus Haward The International Legal Regimes Governing Ocean Iron Fertilization Chapter 13. Michael Sheng-ti Gau Mechanisms for Prevention of Disputes Concerning Encroachment upon the Area by Excessive Continental Shelf Part III. Regional Issues and Ocean Regimes A.The Pacific Area Chapter 14. Jerome A. Cohen and Jon M. Van Dyke China and the Law of the Sea Chapter 15. Moritaka Hayashi Japan’s Anti-Piracy Law and UNCLOS Chapter 16. Suk Kyoon Kim and Seokwoo Lee The Legal Framework of Maritime Security in East Asia: A Comparative View Chapter 17. Yann-huei Song The Role of Taiwan in Global Ocean Governance B.Europe and the Mediterranean Regions Introductory Remarks Tullio Treves Chapter 18. Doris Koenig Global and Regional Approaches to Ship Air Emissions Regulation: The IMO and the European Union Chapter 19. Davor Vidas Subregional Marine Governance: The Case of the Adriatic Sea C.The Indian Ocean, Latin American, African and Arctic Regions Chapter 20. Ximena Hinrichs Oyarce Current Ocean Law Issues in the Indian Ocean Region Chapter 21. Eduardo Ferrero Costa Latin America and the Law of the Sea Chapter 22. Erik Franckx and Koen Van den Bossche Regional Issues and Ocean Law: The African Region Chapter 23. Tavis Potts and Clive Schofield Climate Change and Evolving Regional Ocean Governance in the Arctic Chapter 24. John K.T. Chao China’s Emerging Role in the Arctic Part IV: Heightened Challenges Chapter 25. Helmut Tuerk Piracy and the Law of the Sea Chapter 26. David D. Caron Climate Change and the Oceans List of Abbreviations

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Book SynopsisThe 1982 Law of the Sea Convention at 30: Successes, Challenges and New Agendas offers twenty essays by renowned Law of the Sea scholars, published to mark the 30th Anniversary of the adoption of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The book highlights some of the strengths of the legal regime established by the Convention, and reviews some of the more significant lacunae in the Convention regime. Recognizing the significant changes that have taken place in scientific knowledge and political agendas in the thirty years since 1982, it reviews the challenges that these new agendas pose to the Convention regime.Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Law of the Sea Convention at 30: Successes, Challenges and New Agendas David Freestone The Functions and Role of the United Nations Secretariat in Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea Serguei Tarassenko and Ilaria Tani The LOSC Framework for Maritime Jurisdiction and Enforcement 30 Years On Tim Stephens and Donald R. Rothwell The European Union and Law of the Sea Convention at the Age of 30 Ronán Long Departures from the Coast: Trends in the Application of Territorial Sea Baselines under the Law of the Sea Convention Clive Schofield The Common Heritage of Mankind Michael W. Lodge The Continental Shelf Regime in the Law of the Sea Convention: A Reflection on the First Thirty Years Ted L. McDorman The Law of the Sea Convention and Underwater Cultural Heritage Tullio Scovazzi The Persistence of a Concept: Maximum Sustainable Yield Ellen Hey Precaution and the Protection of Marine Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction Rosemary Rayfuse Fisheries Jurisdiction under the Law of the Sea Convention: Rights and Obligations in Maritime Zones under the Sovereignty of Coastal States Martin Tsamenyi and Quentin Hanich Military Activities in the Exclusive Economic Zones of Foreign Coastal States Moritaka Hayashi Marine Scientific Research: Its Potential Contribution to Achieving Responsible High Seas Governance Philomène Verlaan The Persisting Problem of Non-compliance with the Law of the Sea Convention: Disorder in the Oceans Robin Churchill Fisheries Data and the Law of the Sea Convention W.R. Edeson Law of the Sea Perspectives on Climate Change Alan Boyle Challenges to Protecting the Marine Environment beyond National Jurisdiction Kristina M. Gjerde Conservation on the High Seas: Developing the Concept of the High Seas Marine Protected Areas Karen N. Scott The Law of the Sea Convention and the Integrated Regulation of the Oceans Richard Barnes The Law of the Sea Convention: No Place for Persons? Irini Papanicolopulu Was it Worth the Effort? Vaughan Lowe

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Book SynopsisFor the Liber Amicorum, dedicated to Professor Budislav Vukas, his colleagues and former students have contributed essays on topical issues of contemporary international law, primarily in the fields that were the focus of Professor Vukas’s interest during his long-lasting academic and international career at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the International Labour Organization, the Institut de Droit International and many other law schools and international institutions and organizations. The essays in this collection, thus, deal with current developments concerning the subjects of international law (i.a. jurisdictional immunities of states, responsibility of states, international organizations, other non-state entities), the law of the sea (i.a. jurisdictional zones, delimitation, piracy, underwater cultural heritage protection, fisheries, land-locked states), human rights law, including minorities’ protection (i.a. European Court of Human Rights, humanitarian assistance, protection in the event of disasters, social and labour rights, rights of the child), and dispute settlement (i.a. International Court of Justice, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, arbitration, diplomatic means). Of the 49 essays written by scholars and practitioners from different parts of the world six are in French.

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Book SynopsisThis collective work of a renowned group of scholars, Governing Ocean Resources: New Challenges and Emerging Regimes, edited by Jon M. Van Dyke, Sherry P. Broder,Seokwoo Lee and Jin-Hyun Paik, examines the current state of the Law of the Sea today, offers a variety of new approaches to the field, and serves as a tribute to the late Judge Choon-ho Park, whose profound depth of learning and indomitable spirit of optimism regarding the possibilities of reform and improvement comprised an immense contribution to the study of the Law of the Sea.Table of ContentsIntroductory Overview Sherry Broder, “Preface and Acknowledgments” Harry Scheiber, “Judge Choon-Ho Park, The Law of the Sea Institute, and Modern Scholarship in Ocean Law” Jose Luis Jesus, Keynote Address Maritime Boundary Delimitations Jon M. Van Dyke, “The Romania-Ukraine Decision and Its Effect on East Asian Maritime Delimitations” Yann-Huei Song, “The Application of Article 121 of the Law of the Sea Convention to the Disputed Offshore Islands in East Asia” Stanislaw Pawlak, “Maritime Boundaries of the Baltic Sea Region” Helmut Tuerk, “The Arctic and the Modern Law of the Sea” Tafsir Malick Ndiaye, “Le Juge et La Delimitation Maritime: Mode D’Emploi” Claims to the Extended Continental Shelf Ted L. McDorman, “The International Legal Framework for and the State Activities regarding the Continental Shelf Beyond the 200-n.miles in and adjacent to the East and South China Seas” Michael Seng-ti Gau, “Recent Continental Shelf Submissions by Countries in East Asia and Third Party Notifications” Masahiro Miyoshi, “Japan's Claim to Extended Limits of the Continental Shelf” Anthony Amos Lucky, “The Contribution of Trinidad and Tobago in the Development of the Regime of the Continental Shelf” The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Hugo Caminos, “The Jurisdiction and Procedure of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: An Overview” Rüdiger Wolfrum, “Ad hoc Chambers” Military Activities in the Exclusive Economic Zone Peter Dutton, “The Current "Controversy" Over Military Activities in the EEZ” Jonathan G. Odom, “The March 2009 Incident between United States and Chinese Vessels in the South China Sea: A Perspective from the United States” Piracy Ved P. Nanda, “Maritime Piracy: How Can International Law and Policy Help Address This Growing Global Menace?” Masahiro Akiyama, “New Approaches to Protecting Shipping from Piracy and Terrorism” Fishery Management, Marine Protected Areas and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Liuxiong Xu and Xiaobing Liu, “An Analysis of Goals and Achievements of WCPFC from China's Perspectives” Heidi Kai Guth, “Protecting and Perpetuating Papahanaumokuakea: Involvement of Native Hawaiians in Governance of Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument” Williamson Chang, “Native Hawaiian Title to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Establishing an Indigenous Ocean Voice” Craig Bowhay, “Treaty Rights and Co-management in the Northwest” Climate Change and Other Emerging Issues Richard Hildreth and Alison Torbitt, “International Treaties and U.S. Laws as Tools to Regulate the Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships and Ports” Richard McLaughlin, “Recent Developments Regarding Marine Scientific Research” Byung-Il Kim & Seokwoo Lee, “Existing Legal Frameworks Relevant to Marine Genetic Resources”

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Book SynopsisNo individual has contributed more to the stability and peaceful order in the world’s oceans in the last four decades than Satya N. Nandan. Peaceful Order in the World’s Oceans, edited by Michael W. Lodge and Myron H. Nordquist, collects original and substantive essays in his honor from eminent figures from around the world. The volume is organized into four parts. With contributions from leading statesmen and women, the first section focuses on Ambassador Nandan's unique talents and accomplishments as a diplomat. Next, a series of essays examines Nandan’s pivotal involvement in framing The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and provides original topical contributions on baselines, offshore drilling and delimitation of the continental shelf. Contributions related to deep seabed mining, the establishment of the International Seabed Authority and marine scientific research are included in the third part and finally, chapters devoted to international fisheries, issues of sustainability, conservation and management are offered. Peaceful Order in the World’s Oceans will be of great interest to all those concerned with the Law of the Sea.Trade Review"The result is a good mix of personal reflections on and insights into the conferences, such as UNCLOS III, and those that led to the two implementation agreements, and on certain regional fisheries management organisations in the home region of Ambassador Nandan." -Erik van Doorn, Kiel UniversityTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION BIOGRAPHIES Satya N. Nandan Michael W. Lodge Myron H. Nordquist PERSONAL REFLECTIONS A Tribute to Satya Nandan by Tommy Koh Reflections on Ambassador Satya Nandan by Hasjim Djalal Satya Nandan—the Honest Broker Diplomat by S. Jayakumar Diplomat and Agent of Change by Mary Beth West THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA Satya N. Nandan’s Role in Drafting the Informal Single Negotiating Text: Aspects of the Preparatory Work for UNCLOS by Gudmundur Eiriksson Baselines in the Modern Law of the Sea by David H. Anderson Islands by Andrew J. Jacovides Asia and UNCLOS: Progress, Practice and Problems by Tommy Koh The Re-Birth of Japan as an Ocean State: The Basic Act on Ocean Policy and Its Impacts by Moritaka Hayashi Offshore Drilling in the Outer Continental Shelf: International Best Practices and Safety Standards in the Wake of the Deepwater Horizon Explosion and Oil Spill by Myron H. Nordquist and Aimee Fausser Delimitation of the Continental Shelf and Determination of the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical Miles in Areas of Overlapping Claims: The Nordic Model by Tomas H. Heidar The Inexorable Rise of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea within the European Legal Order by Ronán Long Declarations of Competence in the Law of the Sea, a Very European Affair by Liesbeth Lijnzaad Croatian Writers and State Practice in the Law of the Sea by Budislav Vukas Memorializing UNCLOS III, Interpreting the Law of the Sea Convention, and the Virginia Commentary by John E. Noyes DEEP SEABED MINING The Contribution of the Regulations of the International Seabed Authority to the Progressive Development of International Environmental Law by Rüdiger Wolfrum Some Reflections on the Evolutionary Approach to the Establishment of the International Seabed Authority by Gwenaëlle Le Gurun Marine Scientific Research in the Area by J. Ashley Roach Satya Nandan’s Legacy for the Heritage of Mankind by Michael W. Lodge INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Between Soft and Hard Law by Tullio Treves Satya Nandan’s Contribution to the Development of the Precautionary Approach in International Law by David Freestone Sustainable World Fisheries: Elements of Success by Ichiro Nomura The Evolution of International Fisheries Law in the Island Nations of the Pacific: The Quest for Control by Transform Aqorau Progress in the Implementation of Conservation and Management Measures for Bigeye and Yellowfin Tunas in the Western and Central Pacific: Sharing the Conservation Burden and Benefit by Quentin Hanich and Martin Tsamenyi Father of the WCPFC Convention: Ambassador Satya N. Nandan by Nien-Tsu Alfred Hu

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in The “ARA Libertad” Case (Argentina v. Ghana), Provisional Measures. The documents are reproduced in their original language. Le présent volume contient le texte des pièces de la procédure écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents relatifs à la procédure dans l’Affaire de l’« ARA Libertad » (Argentine c. Ghana), mesures conservatoires.

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Book SynopsisThe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an international court with competence to settle disputes concerning the law of the sea. It is a central forum for the settlement of disputes relating to the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in The “Arctic Sunrise” Case (Kingdom of the Netherlands v. Russian Federation), Provisional Measures. The documents are reproduced in their original language. The Tribunal delivered its Order on 22 November 2013. It is published in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 2013 (ITLOS Reports 2013). The written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in The M/V “Louisa” Case (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Kingdom of Spain), Provisional Measures, have been published in the volume ITLOS Pleadings, Minutes and Documents 2009-2010, Vol. 15, Part II. Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui a compétence en matière de règlement des différends relatifs au droit de la mer. Il est une instance centrale pour le règlement des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et à l’application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer. Le présent volume contient le texte des pièces de la procédure écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents relatifs à la procédure dans l’Affaire de l’« Arctic Sunrise » (Royaume des Pays-Bas c. Fédération de Russie), mesures conservatoires. Les documents sont reproduits dans la langue originale utilisée. Le Tribunal a rendu son ordonnance le 22 novembre 2013. L’ordonnance est publié dans Recueil des arrêts, avis consultatifs et ordonnances 2013 (TIDM Recueil 2013). Les pièces de la procédure écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents produits dans l’Affaire du navire « Louisa » (Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines c. Royaume d’Espagne), mesures conservatoires, sont publiés dans le volume : TIDM Mémoires, procès-verbaux et documents 2009-2010, vol. 15, partie II.

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Book SynopsisThe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an independent judicial body established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. This volume contains the texts of the judicial decisions rendered by the Tribunal in the year 2012 in English and French.

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Book SynopsisIn Regional Co-operation and Protection of the Marine Environment under International Law: The Black Sea, Nilufer Oral examines the regional co-operation mechanism for protection and preservation of the Black Sea marine environment within the framework of international law, and subsequently identifies the necessary components for a robust regional regime based on best legal practices.Table of ContentsTABLES MAPS ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CO-OPERATION IN THE BLACK SEA 18 CHAPTER II STATE OF THE BLACK SEA: THE MAKING AND UNMAKING OF A SEA CHAPTER III THE REGIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE BLACK SEA MARINE ENVIRONMENT CHAPTER IV MARINE BIODIVERSITY IN THE BLACK SEA CHAPTER V SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES GOVERNANCE AND REGIONAL CO-OPERATION FOR THE BLACK SEA CHAPTER VI LAND-BASED SOURCES OF POLLUTION: THE BLACK SEA AND BEYOND CHAPTER VII VESSEL SOURCE POLLUTION AND OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES IN THE BLACK SEA CHAPTER VIII GAPS, LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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Book SynopsisThe Law of the Sea and the Polar Regions: Interactions between Global and Regional Regimes examines regional regimes for the Arctic and Antarctic on among others science, maritime security, marine-protected areas, fisheries and shipping, by means of common research questions; thus enabling overall synthesis and identification of differences, similarities, and trends.Trade Review"...this book in all respects stands out of the many polar-relevant books that have been published during the last year or so and I can issue an unfettered recommendation for this book!" -Nikolas Sellheim, University of LaplandTable of ContentsPreface Erik J. Molenaar, Alex G. Oude Elferink and Donald R. Rothwell List of Abbreviations List of Contributors List of Figures and Tables Table of Treaties Table of Cases Chapter 1: The Regional Implementation of the Law of the Sea and the Polar Regions Alex G. Oude Elferink, Erik J. Molenaar and Donald R. Rothwell Chapter 2: The Evolving Antarctic Treaty System: Implications of Accommodating Developments in the Law of the Sea Shirley V. Scott Chapter 3: The Developing Regional Regime for the Marine Arctic Betsy Baker Chapter 4: The Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf in the Polar Regions Alex G. Oude Elferink Chapter 5: Marine Protected Areas in the Arctic Suzanne Lalonde Chapter 6: Marine Protected Areas in the Southern Ocean Karen N. Scott Chapter 7: Environmental Assessments in the Marine Areas of the Polar Regions Robin Warner Chapter 8: Migratory Species Conservation in Warming Polar Oceans, with Particular Reference to Seabirds Arie Trouwborst Chapter 9: International Regulation of Polar Shipping Laura Boone Chapter 10: Antarctic Fisheries Management Andrew Serdy Chapter 11: Arctic Fisheries Management Erik J. Molenaar Chapter 12: Marine Mammals in the Antarctic Treaty System Joanna Mossop Chapter 13: The Conservation and Utilization of Marine Mammals in the Arctic Region Nigel Bankes Chapter 14: Marine Scientific Research in the Antarctic Treaty System René Lefeber Chapter 15: Marine Scientific Research in the Arctic Yoshinobu Takei Chapter 16: Maritime Security in the Polar Regions Donald R. Rothwell Chapter 17: Interactions between Global and Regional Regimes: Trends and Prospects Erik J. Molenaar, Donald R. Rothwell and Alex G. Oude Elferink Index

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Book SynopsisThe lack of international conventional law governing the operational aspects of continental shelf activity may be characterized as unfinished business of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The Convention, adopted in 1982, generally addressed the issue but did not consider more detailed development of the legal regime for the continental shelf. In The Regulation of Continental Shelf Development: Rethinking International Standards, leading experts from around the world identify and explore a multitude of the unresolved legal concerns related to the continental shelf. The varied voices of experts collected within The Regulation of Continental Shelf Development: Rethinking International Standards offer a timely understanding of past, present, and future issues related to the continental shelf. The volume is a must-read for all those interested in environmental law and the law of the sea.Trade ReviewOverall, The Regulation of Continental Shelf Development: Rethinking International Standards provides considerable food for thought for those wrestling with legal, scientific and policy issues associated with the exploitation of continental shelf resources. The book provides a lively, erudite, informed and informative commentary on the system of regulation underpinning these issues. As with its (now rather extensive set of) companion volumes in this popular series, this volume encompasses a range of papers and approaches. Some are relatively brief and conversational, others are extremely thorough and detailed; all are insightful and offer an interesting introduction and treatment of their constituent topics. As the Deepwater Horizon disaster attests, there remain considerable gaps in the legal regime governing the continental shelf, numerous legal approaches and philosophies and a considerable number of emerging industries and sectors for which there is a relatively limited degree of external oversight and regulation. These remain issues that will clearly require hardnegotiated solutions in the coming years. This comprehensive, helpful and highly informative collection nonetheless offers a valuable and highly recommended insight into current and future regulatory approaches. Dr Richard Caddell Institute of Shipping and Trade Law Swansea University The Journal of International Marine LawTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments Setting the Context The Continental Shelf Regime under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: Reflections after Thirty Years S. Jayakumar Part 1: Contemporary Uses of the Continental Shelf Offshore Wind Energy Development and Ecosystem-based Marine Management in the EU: Are the Regulatory Answers Really Blowing in the Wind? Ronán Long Submarine Cables on the Continental Shelf Douglas R. Burnett Mining for Marine Minerals Georgy Cherkashov Part 2: Emerging Challenges to the Development of the Continental Shelf Regime International Seabed Authority Mining Standards Michael W. Lodge The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 NM: A First Look at the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh/Myanmar) Case Ted L. McDorman International Standards for Offshore Drilling J. Ashley Roach Part 3: Comparative Best Practices in Environmental Regulation of Continental Shelf Activities Renewable Energy and Marine Spatial Planning: Scientific and Legal Implications Andreas Kannen, Hartwig Kremer, Kira Gee, & Marcus Lange The Legal Framework for the Regulation of Safety and Environmental Issues on the Outer Continental Shelf Joanna Mossop Offshore Safety Regimes – A Contested Terrain Preben H. Lindøe & Ole A. Engen Part 4: Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Continental Shelf Development Environmental Regulation and Probabilistic Risk Assessment Martin G. Malsch Disasters and the Continental Shelf: Exploring New Frontiers of Risk Bruce Glavovic Part 5: Decommissioning of Offshore Installations and Structures Global Legal Regime on the Decommissioning of Offshore Installations and Structures Robert Beckman Regional Regulation of Offshore Oil and Gas Industry Decommissioning by the OSPAR Commission David Johnson Part 6: Liability and Compensation The Regime for Liability and Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage from Ships Alfred H. Popp Benefits and Risk of the Northern Sea Route to the North Pacific Sung-Woo Lee Developing Arctic Hydrocarbon Resources: Delineating and Delimiting Boundaries for Field Development in the Arctic Timothy J. Tyler, James L. Loftis, Emilie E. Hawker, Hana V. Vizcarra, & M. Imad Khan Part 7: REFLECTIONS ON the Unfinished Business of UNCLOS III Completing the Unfinished Business of UNCLOS III Brian Flemming Comments on the Unfinished Business of UNCLOS III John Norton Moore Epilogue Beyond the Outer Limit: 60-Year Reflections Edgar Gold

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Book SynopsisThe once pristine and rich marine environment of the South China Sea is degrading at an alarming rate due to the rapid socioeconomic development of the region. Despite this, and due mainly to complicated sovereignty and maritime disputes, coastal States have not been able to develop effective regional cooperation to safeguard the shared marine environment. Marine Protected Areas Network in the South China Sea discusses legal and political measures to support the development of a network of marine protected areas in the South China Sea. Such a network, if properly developed, would not only help to protect the marine environment and resources of the region but also contribute to decreasing the tension among its coastal States. These measures are suggested in accordance with international law, based on the specific geopolitical context of the South China Sea region and take into consideration experiences in developing regional networks of marine protected areas from other marine regions.Table of ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SERIES EDITOR’S PREFACE FOREWORD LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II. CONTEXT: THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND MARINE PROTECTED AREAS CHAPTER III. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MARINE PROTECTED AREAS AND NETWORKS OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS CHAPTER IV. REGIONAL COOPERATION RELATING TO MARINE PROTECTED AREAS AND A NETWORK OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CHAPTER V. MARINE PROTECTED AREAS IN THE NATIONAL LAWS OF CHINA, THE PHILIPPINES AND VIETNAM CHAPTER VI. DEVELOPING A NETWORK OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS UNDER THE MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN: LESSONS FOR THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CHAPTER VII. MOVING FORWARD: OPTIONS

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Book SynopsisThe importance of straits, particularly those used in international navigation, has been long recognized in international law. One of the important debates during the Third United Nations Law of the Sea Conference concerned the regime of passage through straits used in international navigation. The result was the creation of a multi-tiered legal framework of passage that included the entirely a new “transit passage” regime. Although over thirty years have passed since the adoption of the 1982 United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea, the vital role played by straits in the global communications network continues to be surrounded by conflicts between the interests of coastal states and shipping. Challenges still exist to achieving the simultaneous global goals of secure passage of vessels and protection of the marine environment. In Navigating Straits: Challenges for International Law, internationally recognized international law scholars provide in-depth analysis of the legal challenges in straits concerning security, piracy, safety and environmental protection. All readers interested in international and law of the sea will find this seminal volume of interest.Table of ContentsPREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BY EDITORS PART I The Straits Regime in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention CHAPTER 1 THE GREAT STRAITS DEBATE: THE CONFLICT, DEBATE, AND COMPROMISE THAT SHAPED THE STRAITS ARTICLES OF THE 1982 UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA. by Dean David D. Caron CHAPTER 2 RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF STRAIT STATES by Jon M. Van Dyke PART II SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT CHAPTER 3 MAKING OR BREAKING THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF TRANSIT PASSAGE? MEETING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE TORRES STRAIT WITH COMPULSORY PILOTAGE by Donald K. Anton CHAPTER 4 CANADA AND THE GOVERNANCE OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE: ROUGH WATERS, COOPERATIVE CURRENTS, SEA OF CHALLENGES by David L. VanderZwaag PART III SPECIAL REGIMES CHAPTER 5 THE BALTIC STRAITS by Said Mahmoudi CHAPTER 6 THE STRAIT OF MESSINA AND THE PRESENT REGIME OF INTERNATIONAL STRAITS by Tullio Scovazzi CHAPTER 7 PROTECTION OF THE SEA LANES IN THE JEJU WATERS AND MARITIME COOPERATION IN NORTHEAST ASIA by Boo-Chan Kim and Seokwoo Lee CHAPTER 8 ARTICLE 35(C) STRAITS OF THE UN LAW OF THE SEA CONVENTION by Dolunay Özbek CHAPTER 9 THE TURKISH STRAITS AND THE THE LEGAL REGIME OF PASSAGE by Yüksel Inan CHAPTER 10 THE SEA OF AZOV AND THE KERCH STRAITS by Alexander Skaridov PART IV SECURITY, PIRACY AND TERRORISM CHAPTER 11 IMO POLICIES AND ACTIONS REGARDING PIRACY by Captain J. Ashley Roach, JAGC, USN (retired) CHAPTER 12 SECURING THE WORLD'S MOST DANGEROUS STRAIT? THE BAB-AL MANDEB AND GULF OF ADEN by Clive Schofield CHAPTER 13 SECURITY, PIRACY AND TERRORISM IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA AND SINGAPORE by Mary George CHAPTER 14 SAFETY AND SECURITY ISSUES IN THE TAIWAN STRAIT – SOME REFLECTIONS Kuen-chen FU CHAPTER 15 COOPERATION IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA AND SINGAPORE Takashi Ichioka

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in The “Arctic Sunrise” Case (Kingdom of the Netherlands v. Russian Federation), Provisional Measures. Le présent volume contient le texte des pièces de la procédure écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents relatifs à la procédure dans l’Affaire de l’« Arctic Sunrise » (Royaume des Pays-Bas c. Fédération de Russie), mesures conservatoires.

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Book SynopsisThe advent of the nuclear age in 1945 fundamentally altered the course of human events. The oceans are not the focus of the nuclear age, but the affairs of the oceans are deeply woven into the history of that age. Knowledge of what the nuclear age has meant for the oceans, however, is highly fragmented and there exists a surprising gap in research on the impact of the nuclear age on the oceans and on ocean law and policy. Ranging from dumped wastes to transportation to security, this study frames the complex multidimensional set of relationships between the oceans and the nuclear age and illuminates patterns of impact and response in ocean law. This timely expanded edition includes a new chapter by Lt. Todd Hutchins, USN, on “Nuclear Risks in Coastal Areas: Legal and Regulatory Responses.” It provides a full discussion of the 2011 coastal Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant disaster, together with analysis more generally of the challenges to the environment and to the legal order globally that are posed by coastal siting of nuclear power plants.Trade ReviewOceans in the Nuclear Age probes the legal and policy challenges of managing past, present, and possible future nuclear uses of the oceans. It brings together in one place multidisciplinary perspectives on critical questions: How should we respond to terrorist threats against nuclear cargoes and vessels, safely transport nuclear fuel, and address the legacy of nuclear tests and dumping radioactive waste at sea? How have activities on land – the operation of nuclear waste disposal sites and the meltdown of Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plant – affected our oceans and its resources? The book’s careful analyses provide essential reading for anyone concerned about these questions, so vital to the world’s health, environment, development, and security. – John E. Noyes, California Western School of LawTable of ContentsCONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgements Preface to the Expanded Edition List of Treaties and Other Official Acts List of Cases PART ONE: INTRODUCTION Chapter One Assessing the Impact of the Nuclear Age on the Oceans and Its Legal Regime by David D. Caron and Harry N. Scheiber PART TWO: RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN THE OCEANS: MANAGING THE PAST AND CONSIDERING THE FUTURE Chapter Two Deep Sea Impacts by Hjalmar Thiel Chapter Three Risk and Vulnerability at Contaminated Sites in the Pacific and Australian Proving Grounds from a ‘Long-Term Stewardship’ Perspective: What Have We Learned? by Thomas M. Leschine Chapter Four Legacies and Perils from the Perspective of the Republic of the Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal by Philip A. Okney Chapter Five The Legacy of French Nuclear Testing in the Pacific by Laurence Cordonnery Chapter Six Hazardous Substances and the Baltic Sea by Malgosia Fitzmaurice Chapter Seven New Opportunities and Deep Ocean Technologies for Assessing the Feasibility of Sub-Seabed High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal: The Application of 21st Century Oceanography to Solving Outstanding Problems by Daniel J. Fornari Chapter Eight Sub-Seabed Disposal of High Level Radioactive Waste: The Policy Context Then and Now by Edward L. Miles PART THREE: THE OCEAN TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE FUEL AND WASTE Chapter Nine Ocean Transport of Radioactive Fuel and Waste by Jon M. Van Dyke† Chapter Ten Transportation of Radioactive Materials through the Caribbean Sea: The Development of a Nuclear-Free Zone by Luis E. Rodríguez-Rivera Chapter Eleven Ocean Transport of Radioactive Fuel and Waste: A Japanese Perspective by Masahiro Miyoshi Chapter Twelve Navigation of Ships with Nuclear Cargoes:Dialogue between Flag and Coastal States as a Method for Managing the Dispute by Tullio Treves PART FOUR: NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND WEAPON GRADE MATERIAL ON THE OCEANS Chapter Thirteen Maritime Terrorism and the International Law of Boarding of Vessels at Sea: Assessing the New Developments by Ted L. McDorman Chapter Fourteen The Proliferation Security Initiative and Asia by Mark J. Valencia Chapter Fifteen The Proliferation Security Initiative: Amending the Convention on the Law of the Sea by Stealth? by Donald R. Rothwell Chapter Sixteen Cargos of Doom: National Strategies of the U.S. to Combat the Illicit Transport of Weapons of Mass Destruction by Sea by Craig H. Allen Chapter Seventeen Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and Maritime Transit of Nuclear Weapons by Scott Parrish Chapter Eighteen Oceans in a Nuclear Age: Security Concerns of the United States by Michael J. Matheson PART FIVE: NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN THE ARCTIC Chapter Nineteen Canada, The United States and the Northwest Passage by Elizabeth B. Elliot-Meisel Chapter Twenty The Russian Approach to the Protection of the Arctic Seas from Radioactive Wastes by Alexander S. Skaridov Chapter Twenty-One Arctic Nuclear Pollution by Lakshman D. Guruswamy Chapter Twenty-Two Nuclear Transport along the Northern Route and Nuclear Waste Dumping in the Barents and Kara Seas by R. Douglas Brubaker PART SIX: CONCLUDING DISCUSSION Chapter Twenty-Three Reflections on the Theme of the Oceans in the Nuclear Age by Bernard H. Oxman Chapter Twenty-Four The Oceans in the Nuclear Age: Challenges, Questions and Possibilities by David D. Caron Chapter Twenty-Five Nuclear Risks in Coastal Areas: Legal and Regulatory Responses by Todd Emerson Hutchins Abbreviations Selected Bibliography A Note on Radioactive Materials and their Measurements List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisFreedom of Navigation and Globalization offers a timely analysis of current issues in the Law of the Sea in six Parts. Part I examines co-operative measures taken within the Southeast Asia region to combat piracy and armed robbery against ships, and the historical activities of the Republic of Korea navy in countering piracy. Part II focuses on transnational threats including counter proliferation activities, freedom of navigation, Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, and the regulation of private maritime security companies. Part III consists of two essays on development in the Arctic Ocean. The first updates the activities of the Arctic Council, the second looks at cooperative measures taken by China, Japan, and Korea with respect to science in the Arctic. In Part IV the topic of energy security and sealanes is taken up. Institutional building within ASEAN is examined for maritime security in Southeast Asia. Freedom of navigation is compared with the straight baselines of China in the South China Sea. In the next essay, cooperative efforts to enhance navigational safety and environmental protection in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore are explored. Part V considers balancing marine environmental protection and freedom of navigation. The European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive is reviewed. The dispute settlement regime in UNCLOS and the 2001 International Law Commission Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts are analyzed for flag State responsibility for pollution violations. The current mechanisms in the South China Sea marine environment are also evaluated. Part VI discusses marine data collection in the context of its applicability to Part XIII of UNCLOS. Attention is given to the various categories and their legal consequences. The last paper in the volume outlines global challenges such as global warming, rising sea level and changes in the ice over in the Polar Regions.Table of ContentsIntroduction Setting the Context A Globalized World Tommy Koh Part I: Counter Piracy Operations - Asia Combatting Piracy and Armed Robbery in Southeast Asia: An Evolution in Cooperation Tara Davenport The Small But Magnificent Counter-Piracy Operations of the Republic of Korea Youngjoo CHO Part II: Transnational Threats Counter Proliferation Activities and Freedom of Navigation Douglas Guilfoyle Slipping the Net: Why is it so Difficult to Crack Down on IUU Fishing? Seokwoo Lee, Anastasia Telesetsky, and Clive Schofield Regulation of Private Maritime Security Companies in International Law James Kraska Part III: Developments in Arctic Ocean Arctic Council Update Ernst Nordtveit Communications Between the Arctic States and North Pacific Asian States on the Arctic Issues Jong Deog Kim and Anna Jane Choi Part IV: Energy Security and Sealanes Institutional Building for Maritime Security in Southeast Asia: the Role of ASEAN Hao Duy Phan Freedom of Navigation and the Chinese Straight Baselines in the South China Sea Kuen-chen FU The Cooperative Mechanism in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore Leonardo Bernard Part V: Balancing Marine Environment and Freedom of Navigation European Law and Policy Review: Striking a Balance Between Ecosystem Considerations and Navigation Rights Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Law of the Sea Convention and the Draft Directive on Maritime Spatial Planning Ronán Long Responsibility of Flag States for Pollution of the Marine Environment: The Relevance of the UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Regime Robert Beckman Cooperative Environmental Mechanisms for the South China Sea Shichun WU Part VI: Marine Data Collection Marine Data Collection: US Perspectives J. Ashley Roach Global Ocean Challenges Stephen A. Macko

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Book SynopsisThe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an autonomous judicial body established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. The Tribunal is open to States Parties to the Convention. It is also open to entities other than States Parties (States and international organizations non-parties to the Convention and natural or juridical persons) in cases provided for in the Convention or other agreements conferring jurisdiction on the Tribunal.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction. Chapter I. Organization and Functioning of the Tribunal I. Members of the Tribunal II. Judges Ad Hoc III. The Presidency IV. Chambers of the Tribunal V. Committees of the Tribunal VI. Experts under Article 289 of the Convention VII. The Registry VIII. Seat IX. Relations with the public X. Publications of the Tribunal Chapter II. Competence I. Access to the Tribunal II. Jurisdiction of the Tribunal Chapter III. Procedure I. General Provisions II. Contentious Cases III. Advisory Proceedings Chapter IV. Judicial Work of the Tribunal I. Cases before the Tribunal II. Application of the Statute and Rules Chapter V. Sessions and Activities of the Tribunal I. Sessions of the Tribunal Devoted to Legal and Administrative Matters II. Relations with the United Nations Chapter VI. Finances of the Tribunal I. Financial Arrangements II. Budget for 2013–2014 III. Cash Surplus IV. Trust Funds and Donations Chapter VII. Privileges and Immunities I. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea II. Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Tribunal III. Headquarters Agreement Chapter VIII. Biographies of the Judges, the Registrar and the Deputy Registrar I. Members of the Tribunal as at 31 December 2014 II. Former Judges III. Judges ad hoc IV. The Registrar and the Deputy Registrar Chapter IX. Select Bibliography on Settlement of Disputes concerning the Law of the Sea I. General II. Cases before the Tribunal Annexes. Préface; Introduction Chapitre I. Organisation et fonctionnement du Tribunal I. Membres du Tribunal II. Judges ad hoc III. Présidence IV. Chambres du Tribunal V. Comités du Tribunal VI. Experts désignés conformément à l’article 289 de la Convention VII. Le Greffe VIII. Siège IX. Relations avec le public X. Publications du Tribunal Chapitre II. Compétence I. Accès au Tribunal II. Compétence du Tribunal Chapitre III. Procédure I. Dispositions générales II. Procédure contentieuse III. Procédure consultative Chapitre IV. Activité judiciaire du Tribunal I. Affaires soumises au Tribunal II. Application du Statut et du Règlement Chapitre V. Sessions et activités du Tribunal I. Sessions du Tribunal consacrées aux questions juridiques et administratives II. Relations avec l’Organisation des Nations Unies Chapitre VI. Finances du Tribunal I. Dispositions financières II. Budget pour 2013–2014 III. Excédent IV. Fonds d’affectation spéciale et dons Chapitre VII. Privilèges et immunités I. Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer II. Accord sur les privilèges et immunités du Tribunal III. Accord de siège Chapitre VIII. Biographies des Juges, du Greffier et du Greffier adjoint I. M embres du Tribunal au 31 décembre 2014 II. Anciens membres du Tribunal III. Juges ad hoc IV. Le Greffier et le Greffier adjoint Chapitre IX. Bibliographie comprenant une sélection d’articles et d’ouvrages sur le règlement des différends relatifs au droit de la mer I. Articles et ouvrages généraux II. Affaires soumises au Tribunal Annexes.

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Book SynopsisOne of the main challenges of our time is to be able to guarantee energy supply at a reasonable price. Policy makers, international institutions and the private sector increasingly look to the oceans as a significant source of energy. The Law of the Sea provides the legal framework within which any maritime activity is performed and strikes a balance between the multiple activities that can take place simultaneously in the same maritime zone. This volume addresses some of the main legal challenges raised by the expansion of the ocean energy sector and its consequences for the relevant international normative and institutional framework. Some of the major themes explored include energy sources and the competition for marine space, energy security, private actors and corporate social responsibility, fragmentation or integration, evolution and reinforcement of international law and liability.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Introduction: Energy from the Sea Nigel Bankes and Seline Trevisanut CHAPTER 1 – Energy Sovereignty in Marine Spaces Richard Barnes CHAPTER 2 – Mind the Gap in the GAIRS: The Role of Other Instruments in LOSC Regime Implementation in the Offshore Energy Sector Catherine Redgwell CHAPTER 3 – Energy from the Sea and the Protection of the Marine Environment: Treaty-Based Regimes and Ocean Corporate Social Responsibility Angelica Bonfanti and Francesca Romanin Jacur CHAPTER 4 – The Role of Private Actors in Offshore Energy: Shifting Models of Participation Seline Trevisanut CHAPTER 5 – Recent Framework Agreements for the Recognition and Development of Transboundary Hydrocarbon Resources Nigel Bankes CHAPTER 6 – Harnessing Offshore Wind Energy: Legal Challenges and Policy Conundrums in the European Union Ronán Long CHAPTER 7 – Regulating Offshore Energy Sources in the North Sea—Reinventing the Wheel or a Need for More Coordination? Hannah Katharina Müller and Martha M. Roggenkamp

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Book SynopsisIn the years since 1994, when the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) entered into force, the ocean law regime has been profoundly affected by an interplay of new forces in global ocean affairs. Numbered among them are innovations in technology and science, the emergence of intensified piracy and other challenges to maritime security, national, and regional programs. In Ocean Law and Policy: Twenty Years of Development under the UNCLOS Regime, experts from fourteen countries present nineteen papers that provide insightful analyses of these wide-ranging issues that form the emerging new context of UNCLOS as a keystone to a working regime system. Accessible as well as authoritative, this volume offers to general readers as well as academics, policy officials, and legal experts a set of important analyses and provocative insights, forming a major contribution to the literature of ocean studies.Table of ContentsIntroduction Acknowledgments Part I: Managing Ocean Resources: Rising Challenges & New Responses Chapter 1. Stakeholder Participation in the EU Regulation of Marine Living Resources, by Ronán Long Chapter 2. West Africa and the New European Common Fisheries Policy, by Katy Seto Chapter 3. Climate Change, Sea Level Rise and International Law in the Anthropocene, by Davor Vidas Chapter 4. The Rules Concerning Underwater Cultural Heritage, by Mariano Aznar Gómez Chapter 5. A Study on the Protection and Management Policy of Korea’s Underwater Cultural Heritage, by Chang Soo Choe and Seong Wook Park. Part II: Maritime Security Chapter 6. Civil Disobedience in the Maritime Domain, by James Kraska Chapter 7. Anti-Piracy Operations in the Gulf of Guinea, by Kamal-Deen Ali Chapter 8. Liability for Wrongful Acts by Private Military and Security Companies on Board Ships, by Vasco Becker-Weinberg Chapter 9. Maritime Security Laws and Practices of Australia, India, Singapore and South Africa, by Bimal N. Patel Chapter 10. Black Sea Security under the 1936 Montreux Treaty, by Nilufer Oral Chapter 11. The Conceptualization and Construction of a Northeast Asian Maritime Security Architecture, by Seokwoo Lee and Hee Eun Lee Part III: Marine Scientific Research and the Marine Environment Chapter 12. The Future under International Law of Geoengineering, by Sherry Broder Chapter 13. Institutional Interplay on Marine Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction, by Yasuko Tsuru Part IV: The Trajectory of UNCLOS Jurisprudence Chapter 14. Standard of Review and the Law of the Sea, by Jin-Hyun Paik Chapter 15. The application of UNCLOS to Non-Party States, by Tullio Treves Chapter 16. One Cannot Change the Wind, but Can Always Adjust the Sail, by Assunção Cristas Chapter 17. Ever More Lines in the Sea, by Clive Schofield Chapter 18. Responding to Changing Coasts, by Kerrylee Rogers and Clive Schofield Chapter 19. International Navigation in the Arctic Waters, by Said Mahmoudi

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Book SynopsisUnresolved Border, Land and Maritime Disputes in Southeast Asia, edited by Alfred Gerstl and Mária Strašáková, sheds light on various unresolved and lingering territorial disputes in Southeast Asia and their reflection in current inter-state relations in the region. The authors, academics from Europe and East Asia, particularly address the territorial disputes in the South China Sea and those between Vietnam and Cambodia and Thailand and Cambodia. They apply International Relations theories in a wider regional and comparative perspective. The empirical analyses are embedded in a concise theoretical discussion of the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity and borders. Furthermore, the book discusses the role of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and other multi-track mechanisms in border conflict mediation. Contributors are: Petra Andělová, Alica Kizeková, Filip Kraus, Josef Falko Loher, Padraig Lysaght, Jörg Thiele, Richard Turcsányi, Truong-Minh Vu and Zdeněk Kříž.

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Book SynopsisThis publication gives an in-depth analysis of a very important but complex case before the International Court of Justice. It deals with substantive and procedural aspects of the case, analysed extensively by eminent international lawyers and practitioners. The Whaling in Antarctic case is a landmark case in international law. Contributors: Malgosia Fitzmaurice and Dai Tamada (eds.); Caroline E. Foster; Shotaro Hamamoto; Theodore Christakis; Christian Tams; Mika Hayashi; Joji Morishita; Donald R. Rothwell; Hironobu Sakai; Anthony Press; Akiho Shibata; Yuri Takaya.Table of ContentsContents Notes on Contributors Introduction Malgosia Fitzmaurice and Dai Tamada Part 1 The Law of Evidence and Standard of Review 1 Methodologies and Motivations: Was Japan’s Whaling Programme for Purposes of Scientific Research? Caroline E. Foster 2 From the Requirement of Reasonableness to a ‘Comply and Explain’ Rule: The Standard of Review in the Whaling Judgment Shotaro Hamamoto Part 2 Substantive Law Aspects: The Law of Treaties 3 The Whaling Convention and Thorny Issues of Interpretation Malgosia Fitzmaurice 4 The ‘Margin of Appreciation’ in the Use of Exemptions in International Law: Comparing the icj Whaling Judgment and the Case Law of the ECtHR Theodore Christakis Part 3 Procedural Law Aspects 5 Unfavourable but Unavoidable Procedures: Procedural Aspects of the Whaling Case Dai Tamada 6 Roads Not Taken, Opportunities Missed: Procedural and Jurisdictional Questions Sidestepped in the Whaling Judgment Christian J. Tams Part 4 Institutional Implications of the Judgment 7 The Whaling Judgment and the Challenges of Dynamic Treaty Regimes Mika Hayashi 8 iwc and the icj Judgment Joji Morishita Part 5 Domestic and International Implications of the Judgment 9 The Whaling Case: An Australian Perspective Donald R. Rothwell 10 After the Whaling in the Antarctic Judgment: Its Lessons and Prospects from a Japanese Perspective Hironobu Sakai 11 Science in the Court! The Role of Science in ‘Whaling in the Antarctic’ Anthony Press Conclusion: The Judgment, Its Implications and Prospects Akiho Shibata Conference Report Yuri Takaya Index

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Book SynopsisInternational Marine Economy offers contributions from marine experts around the globe on the economic impacts of recent developments in international waters. From the South China Arbitration Award to the Bay of Bengal Case, this text includes important writings on Artic Shipping and Fisheries, the deep seabed, resources and maritime boundary regimes and studies the possibility of a new international agreement regulating the conservation of biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Finally, it concludes by considering the challenges and opportunities of whaling in the Antarctic Case, ocean governance issues in Southeast Asia, and the exercise of control over foreign merchant vessels and state liability for wrong assessments. This volume offers much needed contemporary commentary from renowned scholars on rapidly evolving maritime topics.Table of ContentsIntroduction I. Featured Studies 1. Interpretation of UNCLOS Article 121 and Itu Aba (Taiping) in the South China Sea Arbitration Award Myron H. Nordquist and William G. Phalen 2. Potential Global Economic Impacts of Ocean Acidification Stephen A. Macko and Christina Fantasia, with Guifang (Julia) XUE II. Arctic Shipping and Resources 3. Legal Problems of the Northern Sea Route Exploitation: Brief Analysis of the Legislation of the Russian Federation Tatiana Sorokina and William Phalen 4. IMO and the Arctic: Developments Since Bergen in 2014 J. Ashley Roach 5. Arctic Continental Shelf of the Russian Federation Beyond 200 Nautical Miles: Initial Prospect of Sustainable Regulation Rustambek M. Nurimbetov III. Arctic Ocean Fisheries 6. The Legal Framework for High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean Tomas Heidar 7. Arctic Ocean Fisheries and Korea Jee Hyun CHOI 8. Conservation of Marine Living Resources in the Central Arctic Ocean: Five Arctic Coastal States’ Initiatives Jianye TANG IV. Deep Sea-Bed Regime 9. The Forthcoming Breakthrough: China’s Legislation on Activities in the Deep Seabed Area Jiancai JIN and Guobin ZHANG 10. The Due Diligence Obligation of a Sponsoring State: A Framework for Implementation Elana Geddis V. Resources and Maritime Boundary Regimes 11. The Grey Area in the Bay of Bengal Case Jin-Hyun PAIK 12. Separate Lines: Challenges and Opportunities of Differentiated Seabed and Water Column Boundaries Leonardo Bernard and Clive Schofield 13. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Time to Chart a New Course? David Freestone and Viva Harris VI. Current Ocean Law and Policy Challenges/Opportunities 14. The Antarctic Whaling Case and the International Law on the Regulation of Whaling Dan LIU 15. Law of the Sea and Ocean Governance in Southeast Asia: Comparative European Lessons on Pragmatism and Principle Ronán Long 16. The Link Between Exercise of Control Over Foreign Merchant Ships with Lawful Grounds and State Liability for Wrong Assessments Hakan Karan Index

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Book SynopsisIn Establishing Continental Shelf Limits Beyond 200 Nautical Miles by the Coastal State: A Right of Involvement for Other States?, Signe Veierud Busch undertakes a study of all coastal State submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and asks under which circumstances and to what extent States other than the coastal State may intervene in the process of establishing final and binding continental shelf limits. After analysing relevant provisions in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Commission’s Rules of Procedure compared with the practice of States and the Commission, Busch raises the overall question if the possibility for other States to block the work of the Commission may in fact be undermining the mandate and functions of the Commission.Trade Review"It would be invidious of me to try to summarize the content of the book, given the breadth and detail into which the author has gone. I can only commend this book as a reference guide to all those States affected by the law of the sea which, as the author points out by her examples, includes all States, both cobusbastal and landlocked." - Richard Haworth, School of Public Administration, Dalhousie University "The interesting contribution of this particular book is that it explores whether other states (apart from the state with the extended continental shelf) have a right to be involved in the whole process of determining whether such state has an extended continental shelf. […] the book is an interesting read and an important contribution to the literature on the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles." - Edwin Egede, School of Law and Politics, Cardiff University "With the detailed and deep discussion of the role of judicial institutions, the author believes that, 'If the potential of judicial institutions is fully realized, they can play an instrumental role in ensuring the compliance and enforcement of international law, thereby ensuring a rule-based system of maritime security governance'...Therefore, this book is “proposing coordinated efforts by all States for the operationalization of judicial institutions for the common goal of combating maritime terrorism." - Yin Yang, Law School, Sun Yat-sen UniversityTable of ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SHORT FORMS LIST OF TABLES CONVENTIONS AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PART I – SETTING THE SCENE 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 THE LEGAL REGIME OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF IN A NUTSHELL 1.3 THE OPPORTUNITY FOR OTHER STATES BE INVOLVED IN A COASTAL STATE’S ESTABLISHMENT OF OCS LIMITS 1.4 STRUCTURE AND OUTLINE 2 DEVELOPING A LEGAL REGIME FOR THE CONTINENTAL SHELF AND ITS LIMITS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 THE CONTINENTAL SHELF PRIOR TO UNCLOS III 2.3 THE THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA (UNCLOS III) 2.3.1 Introduction 2.3.2 Negotiating the outer limits of the continental shelf 2.3.3 Establishing a Continental Shelf Boundary Commission 2.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 3 THE COMMISSION ON THE LIMITS OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF (CLCS) 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 THE SUBMISSION PROCEDURE TO THE CLCS 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 The role and functions of the CLCS 3.2.3 The ordinary course of making a submission to the CLCS 3.2.4 The time limit for making submissions (and re-submissions) to the CLCS 3.3 THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CLCS 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 The steering documents of the CLCS 3.3.3 Outputs by the CLCS 3.4 TRANSPARENCY, CONFIDENTIALITY AND PRIVACY IN ESTABLISHING OCS LIMITS 3.5 CONCLUSIONS 4 INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES AND MECHANISMS FOR THEIR SETTLEMENT 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 WHAT IS A DISPUTE? 4.2.1 A general definition of a ‘dispute’ in international case law 4.2.2 The scope of disputes under Part XV of the LOSC 4.2.3 The scope of disputes under Rule 46 of the RoP 4.3 COMPULSORY JUDICIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT: THE LOSC 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3.2 The system for dispute settlement under the LOSC 4.3.3 The principle of compulsory dispute settlement 4.4 DISPUTE SETTLEMENT OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF THE LOSC 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Arbitration 4.4.3 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) 4.5 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLCS AND THE INSTITUTIONS FOR DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDER PART XV OF THE LOSC 4.6 CONCLUSIONS PART II – INVOLVEMENT BY OTHER STATES DURING THE CLCS SUBMISSION PROCEDURE 5 INVOLVEMENT BY OTHER STATES IN CASE OF DISPUTES RELATING TO AN OCS SUBMISSION 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 THE SAVING CLAUSES OF THE LOSC: DEVELOPING RULE 46 AND ANNEX I TO THE ROP 5.3 INITIAL ASSESSMENT: ARE THERE ANY DISPUTES IN RELATION TO THE SUBMISSION? 5.3.1 Introduction 5.3.2 Information submitted by the coastal State 5.3.3 The legal basis for involvement by States other than the coastal State 5.3.4 A requirement of legal interest for submitting information to the CLCS 5.4 THE PROCEDURE OF ANNEX I TO THE ROP 5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 Non-consideration of a submission 5.4.3 Prior consent 5.4.4 Partial submissions 5.4.5 Joint or separate submissions 5.5 CURRENT DISPUTES CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OCS LIMITS 5.5.1 Introduction 5.5.2 Delimitation disputes 5.5.3 Disputes concerning the title to territory 5.5.4 Disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the LOSC 5.5.5 Disputes due to other treaty obligations 5.5.6 Disputes concerning scientific or technical issues 5.6 JUDICIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 5.7 CONCLUSIONS 6 CONTINENTAL SHELF DELIMITATION DISPUTES 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 THE WORDING OF RULE 46 6.2.1 Introduction 6.2.2 Continental shelf delimitation and Rule 46 in practice 6.2.3 Is an unresolved boundary delimitation a ‘dispute’? 6.2.4 The thresholds for invoking Paragraph 5(a) due to unresolved delimitation 6.3 JUDICIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 6.3.1 The admissibility of delimitation disputes to judicial settlement in the absence of CLCS recommendations 6.3.2 The Bay of Bengal case 6.3.3 Nicaragua/Colombia Delimitation I 6.4 CONCLUSIONS 7 DISPUTES CONCERNING THE TITLE TO TERRITORY 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF THE SAVING CLAUSES OF THE LOSC 7.3 DISPUTES CONCERNING THE TITLE TO TERRITORY IN PRACTICE 7.3.1 Introduction 7.3.2 The Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (United Kingdom/Argentina) 7.3.3 The Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands and Kalayaan Island Group (Vietnam, Malaysia, China/Taiwan, Philippines) 7.3.4 The Senkaku Islands (China/Taiwan and Japan) 7.3.5 Essequibo River (Guyana/Venezuela) 7.4 JUDICIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 7.5 CONCLUSIONS 8 DISPUTES CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION OR APPLICATION OF THE LOSC 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 THE INTERPRETATIVE COMPETENCE OF THE CLCS 8.3 DISPUTES CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION OR APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 76 8.3.1 Introduction 8.3.2 Current disputes concerning the natural prolongation criterion 8.3.3 Are disputes concerning Article 76 relevant disputes for the purpose of the CLCS? 8.3.4 The extent of the CLCS interpretative competence in relation to Article 76 8.3.5 The competence of the CLCS in disputes concerning Article 76 8.4 DISPUTES CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION OR APPLICATION OF THE STATEMENT OF UNDERSTANDING 8.4.1 Introduction 8.4.2 The Statement of Understanding 8.4.3 Potential disputes concerning the Statement of Understanding 8.4.4 Are disputes concerning the Statement of Understanding relevant to the purpose of the CLCS? 8.5 DISPUTES CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION OR APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 121(3) 8.5.1 Introduction 8.5.2 The Oki-no-Tori Shima dispute 8.5.3 The interpretative competence of the CLCS on Article 121(3) 8.5.4 Is a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of Article 121(3) a ‘land or maritime dispute’? 8.5.5 What is required to constitute sufficient interest in a matter concerning the encroachment of the Area? 8.6 DISPUTES CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION OR APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 7 8.6.1 Introduction 8.6.2 Current disputes concerning invalid baselines 8.6.3 The CLCS’ interpretative competence regarding Article 7 8.6.4 Is a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of Article 7 a ‘land or maritime dispute’? 8.7 JUDICIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 8.7.1 Introduction 8.7.2 Disputes within the interpretative competence of the CLCS 8.7.3 Disputes outside of the interpretative competence of the CLCS 8.8 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 9 DISPUTES DUE TO OTHER TREATY OBLIGATIONS: THE ANTARCTIC TREATY 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 THE CURRENT REGIME FOR ANTARCTIC CLAIMS 9.3 CURRENT CONTROVERSIES ABOUT ANTARCTIC CONTINENTAL SHELF SUBMISSIONS 9.3.1 Introduction 9.3.2 Submissions by Australia, Argentina and Norway 9.3.3 Submissions by France, New Zealand and the United Kingdom 9.3.4 Preliminary information submitted by Chile 9.4 ARE DISPUTES CONCERNING ANTARCTICA ‘LAND OR MARITIME DISPUTES’? 9.4.1 Introduction 9.4.2 Do Antarctic coastal States exist? 9.4.3 How can a ‘sufficient interest’ be established in relation to Antarctic territory? 9.4.4 Overlapping claims to Antarctic territory 9.4.5 Overlapping entitlement to the continental shelf 9.5 JUDICIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 9.6 CONCLUSIONS 10 INVOLVEMENT BY OTHER STATES OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF RULE 46 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.2 CURRENT STATE PRACTICE: STATE REACTIONS OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF RULE 46? 10.3 NOTES VERBALES ADDRESSING SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ISSUES 10.3.1 A legal basis for notes verbales addressing scientific and technical issues 10.3.2 Advice by specialists 10.3.3 Coastal State responses to notifications on scientific and technical issues from other States 10.3.4 Optional consideration for the CLCS 10.4 JUDICIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 10.5 CONCLUSIONS 11 THE CLCS AND THE ROLE OF NON-PARTIES TO THE LOSC 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11.2 THE ROLE OF STATES NON-PARTIES AS COASTAL STATES 11.2.1 Introduction 11.2.2 The entitlement of non-parties to a continental shelf 11.2.3 The spatial scope of the entitlement to a continental shelf 11.2.4 The requirement of ‘natural prolongation’ and ‘outer edge of the continental margin’ in customary international law 11.2.5 Can a non-party make an OCS submission to the CLCS? 11.2.6 Are there any alternatives to recourse to the CLCS procedure? 11.3 THE ROLE OF STATES NON-PARTIES HAVING AN INTEREST IN THE OCS LIMIT LOCATION 11.4 JUDICIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 11.5 CONCLUSIONS PART III – INVOLVEMENT BY OTHER STATES IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE CLCS SUBMISSION PROCEDURE 12 DISPUTES RELATING TO OCS LIMITS NOT ESTABLISHED ‘ON THE BASIS OF’ CLCS RECOMMENDATIONS 12.1 INTRODUCTION 12.2 THE PHRASE ‘ON THE BASIS OF’ 12.2.1 Introduction 12.2.2 A legal obligation to establish OCS limits ‘on the basis of’ CLCS recommendations 12.2.3 What is required for OCS limits to be established ‘on the basis of’ CLCS’ recommendations? 12.2.4 The case of the OCS limits of Brazil 12.2.5 Practical consequence of non-compliance with CLCS recommendations: lack of ‘final and binding’ OCS limits 12.3 JUDICIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 12.3.1 Introduction 12.3.2 Potential lack of information 12.3.3 The competence of courts or tribunals to consider OCS limits 12.4 CONCLUSIONS 13 DISPUTES RELATING TO ‘FINAL AND BINDING’ OCS LIMITS 13.1 INTRODUCTION 13.2 REVIEWING ESTABLISHED OCS LIMITS 13.2.1 Introduction 13.2.2 Competence to evaluate coastal State compliance with substantive requirements of Article 76 13.2.3 Competence to evaluate the validity of CLCS recommendations 13.3 MEANING AND IMPLICATIONS OF ‘FINAL AND BINDING’ LIMITS 13.3.1 Introduction 13.3.2 Final limits – addressing the coastal State 13.3.3 Binding limits – addressing States other than the coastal State 13.3.4 When do OCS limits become ‘final and binding’? 13.4 COASTAL STATES CHALLENGING CLCS RECOMMENDATIONS 13.5 ‘FINAL AND BINDING’ LIMITS ESTABLISHED NOT ‘ON THE BASIS OF’ CLCS RECOMMENDATIONS 13.6 CONCLUSIONS PART IV – CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS 14 CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14.2 INVOLVEMENT BY OTHER STATES DURING THE CLCS PROCEDURE 14.2.1 The scope of involvement by other States 14.2.2 The consequences of involvement by other States 14.3 INVOLVEMENT BY OTHER STATES IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE CLCS PROCEDURE 14.3.1 The scope of involvement in the aftermath of the CLCS procedure 14.3.2 The consequences of involvement by other States 14.4 THE ROLE OF NON-PARTIES TO THE LOSC 14.5 PARTICULAR CHALLENGES RELATING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OCS LIMITS 14.5.1 Introduction 14.5.2 Transparency of the CLCS procedure 14.5.3 The time frame and workload of the CLCS 14.5.4 The status of the limits in the intermediate stage between submission and recommendations 14.5.5 The relationship between the CLCS and decisions by international courts or tribunals 14.6 THE LOSC – A ‘COASTAL STATES’ CONVENTION’? APPENDICES APPENDIX I: CONTINENTAL SHELF SUBMISSIONS AND REACTIONS BY OTHER STATES APPENDIX II: PRELIMINARY INFORMATION AND OTHER STATES’ REACTIONS APPENDIX III: CURRENT NON-PARTIES TO THE LOSC BIBLIOGRAPHY LITERATURE DOCUMENTS: UNCLOS III Documents Other UN Documents Yearbooks of the International Law Commission Documents of the Meetings of States Parties to the LOSC (SPLOS) Documents of the CLCS OCS Submissions and relevant notes verbales submitted to the CLCS Preliminary Submissions to the CLCS Recommendations issued by the CLCS Reports, papers and handbooks Other documents TABLE OF CASES International Court of Justice Permanent Court of International Justice International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Arbitration ONLINE SOURCES INDEX

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Book SynopsisIn 1986, Lewis M. Alexander, a world-renowned marine geographer, prepared for the U.S. Department of Defense a report, Navigational Restrictions within the New LOS Context: Geographical Implications for the United States. Edited by J. Ashley Roach, the reformatted report is presented in five sections and includes 20 maps, illustrating the world’s international straits and major ocean navigation routes. Forty-three tables present the most comprehensive descriptions of the world’s straits used for international navigation, as well as identify various categories of maritime claims. What made the Report extraordinarily valuable in 1986, and which makes it equally valuable today, is the compilation of geographic data - not available elsewhere - describing the world’s straits used for international navigation and illustrations of the chokepoints and major international shipping trade routes. Roach has faithfully reproduced Alexander’s seminal work by retaining the original structure and references. A table of defined terms and an index have been added.Trade Review"…[I]t should be clear that the modern reader will readily find gems scattered throughout which were not only insightful for their day but continue to have relevance." - Donald R. Rothwell, Australian National University College of LawTable of ContentsSeries Editor’s Foreword Editor’s Note and Preface List of Defined Terms Navigational Restrictions within the New Los Context: Geographical Implications for the United States Abstract  Acknowledgements List of Maps List of Tables  Introduction  I The Ocean Enclosure Movement  II Narrow International Ocean Waterways  III Ocean Navigation Routes of Particular Importance to the United States  IV Transit Regions of the World  V A Regime of Navigational Inconsistencies for the Coming Decade and Its Potential Impacts on U.S. Interests  Bibliography  Index 

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Book SynopsisWith the transition to the commercial-scale exploitation of deep seabed minerals, the International Seabed Authority’s obligation to protect the marine environment is being tested. In The International Seabed Authority and the Precautionary Principle, Aline L. Jaeckel provides the first in-depth analysis of the Authority’s work in regulating and managing deep seabed minerals. This book examines whether and to what extent the Authority is implementing the precautionary principle in practice. This includes the development of adequate environmental protection standards as well as procedural safeguards and decision-making processes that facilitate risk assessment and risk management. In doing so, the author offers an insightful example of how the precautionary principle can be translated into a practical management tool.Trade Review"With this book, Dr. Aline Jaeckel successfully overcomes the challenge of delivering what is just as much a reflection on theoretical notions of international environmental law as it is a very pragmatic and concrete case study. In that, she is a pioneer in the discussion of deep seabed mining, contributing to the development of maritime law and bringing the discussion to the next level. [..] Despite the specificity and technicality of the topic, she manages to make it very accessible with a clear and straightforward language. In this respect, this book is a polyvalent and useful tool to be recommended to all researchers, institutions, practitioners or students interested in the matter." - Laura E. Lallier, Maritime Institute, University of GhentTable of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Abbreviations List of Figures List of Cases List of Treaties and Declarations PART I: CONTEXT – DEEP SEABED MINING, THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT, AND PRECAUTION Chapter 1: Deep Seabed Mining and the Marine Environment 1.1 Setting the Scene: The Onset of Deep Seabed Mining 1.2 Exploring the Problem 1.2.1 The Marine Environment of the Deep Seabed and its Mineral Resources 1.2.2 The Environmental Risks and Uncertainties of Deep Seabed Mineral Mining 1.2.3 The Need for a Precautionary Approach to Seabed Mining 1.3 Objectives of the Study 1.4 Terminology 1.5 Methodology and Limits of the Study 1.6 Structure of the Study Chapter 2: The Precautionary Principle in International Law 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Precautionary Principle in International Law 2.2.1 From Reactive to Proactive Thinking: the Rationale of Precaution 2.2.2 History of the Precautionary Principle 2.2.3 Status of the Precautionary Principle in International Law 2.2.4 Overlapping Principles: Precaution and Prevention 2.3 Defining the Precautionary Principle: Three Elements 2.3.1 Threat of Environmental Harm 2.3.2 Uncertainty 2.3.3 Remedial Action 2.3.3.1 Effectiveness 2.3.3.2 Proportionality 2.3.4 The Role of Thresholds 2.4 Implementing the Precautionary Principle 2.4.1 The Three Dimensions of Implementing Precaution 2.4.1.1 Institutional Dimension 2.4.1.2 Procedural Dimension 2.4.1.3 Protective Measures 2.4.1.4 A Three-dimensional Assessment of the Implementation of Precaution 2.4.2 The Role of Values 2.4.2.1 Making Uncertainties Explicit 2.4.2.2 Participation 2.4.2.3 Transparency 2.4.2.4 A Normative Framework 2.4.3 The Burden of Proof 2.4.3.1 Considerations for a General Allocation of the Burden of Proof 2.4.3.2 Reversing the Burden of Proof as an Implementation Measure 2.4.4 The Nature of Uncertainties 2.4.5 Dealing with Uncertainty in Complex Systems: Adaptive Management 2.4.6 Examining Counter-Effects: the Aim of Net Environmental Protection 2.4.7 Socio-Economic Considerations 2.5 Framework for Analysing the Implementation of the Precaution: Assessment Criteria PART II: THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY Chapter 3: The International Seabed Authority and the Seabed Mining Regime 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Historical Development of the Deep Seabed Mining Regime 3.2.1 The Legal Status of the International Seabed and its Resources 3.2.2 The LOSC and Continuing Uncertainty as to the Legal Status of the Seabed and its Resources 3.2.3 The 1994 Implementing Agreement and the Revision of the Common Heritage Concept 3.3 Mandate of the ISA 3.4 Institutional Organisation of the ISA 3.4.1 The Assembly 3.4.2 The Council 3.4.3 The Secretariat 3.4.4 The Legal and Technical Commission 3.4.5 The Economic Planning Commission 3.4.6 The Finance Committee 3.4.7 The Enterprise 3.5 Decision-making Processes in the ISA 3.5.1 Adopting Mining Regulations 3.5.2 Assessing Applications for Plans of Work 3.6 Enforcement Powers 3.6.1 Monitoring Compliance 3.6.2 Responsibilities and Liability 3.7 Financing the ISA 3.8 Dispute Settlement in the ISA Regime: The Seabed Disputes Chamber 3.9 Conclusion Chapter 4: The Environmental Mandate of the ISA 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Environmental Considerations During the Negotiations of Part XI and the Implementing Agreement 4.3 The General Obligation Under the Convention and the Implementing Agreement to Protect and Preserve the Marine Environment 4.3.1 The Obligation to Protect and Preserve the Marine Environment 4.3.2 The Environmental Mandate of the ISA 4.3.3 General Environmental Obligations of States 4.4 Gradual Integration of Precaution into the LOSC 4.5 The Debate About Bioprospecting and Marine Scientific Research in the Context of the ISA’s Mandate 4.6 Conclusion Chapter 5: Developing the ISA’s Environmental Mandate Through the Mining Code 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Law-making Powers of the ISA 5.3 The Mining Code 5.3.1 Exploration Regulations 5.3.2 LTC Recommendations 5.3.3 Future Exploitation Regulations 5.4 The ISA’s Environmental Obligations as Developed by the Mining Code 5.4.1 Assess and Monitor Environmental Impacts 5.4.1.1 Environmental Baselines 5.4.1.2 Environmental Impact Assessments 5.4.1.3 Monitoring Effects on the Marine Environment 5.4.2 Marine Protected Areas 5.4.2.1 Marine Protected Areas in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction 5.4.2.2 Mandate of the ISA to Declare Marine Protected Areas 5.4.3 Best Environmental Practices 5.4.4 Emergency Orders 5.4.5 Enforcement and Liability 5.4.6 Applying a Precautionary Approach 5.4.6.1 Precautionary Thresholds in the ISA Context 5.5 Conclusion PART III: IMPLEMENTING PRECAUTION BY THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY Chapter 6: Implementing the Precautionary Principle: Protective Measures 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Marine Scientific Research 6.2.1 Research Regarding Faunal Diversity Associated with Polymetallic Nodules 6.2.2 Research Regarding Ecosystems Associated with Polymetallic Sulphides and Ferromanganese Crusts 6.2.3 Discussion About the ISA’s Engagement in Marine Scientific Research 6.3 Marine Protected Areas 6.3.1 The Environmental Management Plan for the Clarion-Clipperton Zone 6.3.2 Environmental Management Plans for Other Areas? 6.3.3 Multi-Purpose Marine Protected Areas 6.3.4 Preservation Reference Zones 6.3.5 Safety Margins 6.4 Measures Pertaining to Particularly Vulnerable Ecosystems 6.5 Listing of Particular Activities 6.6 Emergency Orders 6.7 Environmental Restoration 6.8 Conclusion Chapter 7: Implementing the Precautionary Principle: Procedural Elements 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Assessing Risks and Uncertainties… 7.2.1 …through Strategic Environmental Assessment 7.2.2 …in the Context of Assessing New Applications for Exploration Contracts 7.2.3 …through Environmental Impact Assessments During Exploration Work 7.2.3.1 The Lack of Environmental Baselines 7.2.3.2 Procedural Consequences of Environmental Impact Assessments 7.2.4 Bringing Environmental Impact Assessments in Line with the Precautionary Approach – Some Suggestions 7.3 Amending Environmental Standards 7.3.1 Amending Regulations 7.3.2 Amending Recommendations 7.3.3 Reviewing a Programme of Activities 7.3.4 Updating Regional Environmental Management Plans 7.3.5 Some Suggestions for Changes to the Procedural Framework 7.4 Ensuring Transparency and Participation 7.4.1 Transparency 7.4.2 Public Participation 7.4.3 Some Suggestions for Ensuring Transparency and Public Participation 7.5 The Burden of Proof 7.5.1 The Status Quo in the ISA’s Legal Framework 7.5.2 The Reversal of the Burden of Proof in Specific Cases 7.6 Monitoring of Environmental Effects 7.6.1 Monitoring Programme for Contractors 7.6.2 Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Protective Measures 7.6.3 Monitoring Environmental Effects on a Regional Scale 7.7 Conclusion Chapter 8: Implementing the Precautionary Principle: Institutional Aspects 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Institutional Mechanisms for Implementing Precaution 8.2.1 Mechanisms for the Assessment of Environmental Risks and Protective Measures 8.2.2 Mechanisms for Ensuring Compliance 8.3 Current Institutional Limitations 8.3.1 Capacity and Limitations of the Legal and Technical Commission 8.3.2 Capacity and Limitations of the ISA Secretariat 8.4 Options for Institutional Innovation for the ISA 8.4.1 An Environmental Commission 8.4.2 A Mining Inspectorate 8.5 Conclusion Chapter 9: Conclusion 9.1 The Complexities of Implementing the Precautionary Principle 9.2 The Strengths and Weaknesses of the ISA’s Current Approach to Precaution 9.2.1 Absence of a Conservation Objective 9.2.2 Lack of Obligation to Identify Uncertainties 9.2.3 Strength Derived from Affording Scientific Information a Central Role 9.2.4 Procedural Challenges Associated with Environmental Impact Assessments and Adaptive Management 9.2.5 Lack of Strategic Vision 9.2.6 Successes and Challenges with Respect to Timely Action 9.2.7 Successes and Challenges with Respect to the Role of the ISA in Marine Scientific Research 9.2.8 Conclusion 9.3 Strengthening the Implementation of the Precautionary Principle by the ISA: Suggestions for a Way Forward BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX

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