Public international law: environment Books

Book SynopsisThis book explores the legal regime of non-product related process and production methods (NPR PPMs) in the context of trade-restrictive environmental measures, eco-labelling requirements and sanitary measures under the WTO. These issues serve as concrete, representative examples that raise broader questions about the legitimacy of the WTO dispute settlement system and help to explore the true position of WTO members in this complex legal regime.NPR PPMs are process and production methods that do not affect the product as such, meaning that there is no discernible difference in two products with different NPR PPMs. This work examines WTO states’ attempts to regulate in this regard and create product distinctions on the basis of NPR PPMs. To do so, it scrutinizes historical, institutional, substantive and case-law issues related to NPR PPMs, environmental policy and the WTO. Further, the book addresses the issues of legitimacy, regulatory space and reform, contributing to the lively debate on the future of the WTO.Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Methodology – Sovereignty, Hohfeld and Coercion.- 3 Historical Development of the WTO DSS and National Environmental and Public Health Regulation.- 4 The Judicial Function of the WTO.- 5 Trade Restrictive Environmental Measures and the GATT.- 6 Environmental Cases under the GATT.- 7 Trade Restrictive Environmental Measures and the TBT.- 8 Environmental Cases under the TBT.- 9 NPR PPMs and the SPS.- 10 Relevant Case Law under the SPS.- 11 Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisHydrological variability, increasing competition for water, and the need for regulatory flexibility may increasingly compel governments to adopt measures with significant economic impact on foreign investment. In International Investment Law and Water Resources Management, Daza-Clark offers an appraisal of indirect expropriation, revisiting the well-known doctrine of the police power. Through the lens of international investment law, the author explores a framework that assesses the legitimate exercise of police power with particular attention to the special nature of water resources.Trade Review“In conclusion, International Investment Law and Water Resources Management – An Appraisal of Indirect Expropriation provides an interesting and fresh perspective on the analysis of claims of indirect expropriation in sensitive regulatory areas such as water resources management. [...] Although being a relatively short monograph, readers will find it definitely challenging and thought provoking. The author has been able to combine academic rigour with expositive clarity. Readers will also appreciate the ample references to case law and an historical contextualization of the most salient issues, which help to better tack the origins and the development of indirect expropriation. The book is a ‘must have’ in every investment law practitioner’s bookshelf. [...]” ~ Piergiuseppe Pusceddu, Ph.D. Candidate, University of Tilburg in: TDM (June 2018)

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Book SynopsisIn The Spratly Islands and International Law, Xuechan Ma offers a detailed analysis of legal solutions to achieve coexistence and cooperation in the Spratly Islands in the absence of maritime delimitation. This book challenges the classical territoriality model of jurisdiction in international law, which is ineffective in the Spratly Islands context where complex and contentious situations call for different solutions. Based on the substance-procedure duality of international law, Ma draws on extensive sources of international law including cases, treaties, practice and doctrine, and formulates novel, concrete proposals to indicate the way forward for the Spratly Islands.

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Book SynopsisAn Introduction to the African Union Environmental Treaties sheds light on the African Union legal regime related to environmental issues and provides expert analysis of how the African Union has transitioned from the former management of natural resources approach to strategies of preservation and protection. This book explores different areas of the environment, from livestock to plants, fertilizers, minerals and marine environment. Ambassador Namira Negm convincingly demonstrates the extent to which environmental issues are of critical importance to the African Union. Together with insightful commentary, the book provides full treaty texts and is an indispensable resource for all those interested in the African Union and environmental legal regimes.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Acronyms Introduction 1 The 1967 Phyto-Sanitary Convention for Africa 2 African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1968)  1 Historical Background  2 Basic Features of the Algiers Convention  3 Enforcement Mechanisms  4 Settlement of Disputes  5 Gaps in the Algiers Convention 3 The Revised African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (2003)  1 Objective, Scope, and Guiding Principles of the Revised Convention  2 Basic Features of the Revised Convention  3 Enforcement and Monitoring Mechanism  4 Settlement of Disputes  5 Gaps in the Revised Convention 4 The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (achpr) (1963)  1 The Application  2 Examination of Jurisdiction and Admissibility  3 Admissibility  4 Examination and Merits regarding the Allegations of Violation of Article 24 of the Charter  5 Holding  6 Dismissed Cases before the achpr 5 The Convention for the Establishment of the African Centre for Fertilizer Development (1981)  1 Gaps 6 The Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Trans-boundary movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa (1991)  1 Historical Background  2 General Status  3 Basic Features of the Bamako Convention  3.1 Import Ban of Hazardous Wastes (Article 4(1))  3.2 Ban on Dumping of Hazardous Wastes at Sea, Internal Waters and Waterways (Article 4(2))  3.3 Measures regarding Waste Generation and Management in Africa (Article 4(3a-e))  3.4 Adoption of Precautionary Measures to Prevent Pollution and Promote Clean Production Methods (Article 4(3f-h))  3.5 Prohibitions and Measures regarding Transport and Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes (Article 4(3-i))  3.6 Obligation regarding the Manner of Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes  4 Notifications  4.1 Illegal Trafficking of Hazardous Wastes  4.2 Liability  5 Enforcement and Monitoring Mechanisms  5.1 Obligation to Establish or Designate a Competent Authority as a Focal Point and Dump Watch (Article 5)  5.2 Intra-Africa Cooperation (Article 10)  5.3 Transmission of Information (Article 13)  5.4 Conference of the States Parties (Article 15)  5.5 Settlement of Disputes (Article 20)  6 Criticisms against the Bamako Convention 7 Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) (2003) 8 The Revised African Maritime Transport Charter (2010) 9 The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) 10 The African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (2009) (Kampala Convention) 11 The African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Pelindaba Treaty) (1996) 12 Protocol Relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (psc) (2002) 13 The Road Safety Charter (2016) 14 The African Charter on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa (Lome Charter) (2016)  1 Basic Features of the Lomé Charter  2 Enforcement and Follow-up Mechanisms  3 Advantages  4 Criticism 15 The Agreement for the Establishment of the African Risk Capacity (arc) Agency (2012)  1 Other Driving Forces and the Establishment of the arc  2 Basic Features of the Agreement  3 Status 16 The African Charter on the Values and Principles of Decentralization, Local Governance, and Local Development (2014) 17 The African Youth Charter (2006) 18 The African Charter on Democracy, Elections, and Governance (2007) 19 The African Union Convention on Cross-Border Cooperation (Niamey Convention) (2014) 20 The Statute of the African Space Agency (2018) 21 The Statute of the African Institute for Remittances (air) (2018) 22 The Regulatory and Institutional Texts for the Implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision and Framework towards the Establishment of a Single African air Transport Market (Yamoussoukro Decision) (2017) 23 The Statute of the African Observatory for Science, Technology, and Innovation (aosti) (2016)  1 Evolution  2 Status and Structure of aosti  3 Objectives of the aosti  4 Functions of aosti 24 The Statute of the African Minerals and Development Centre (amdc) (2016) 25 The Statute of the Pan-African Intellectual Property Organization (paipo) (2007) 26 The Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (2018)  1 Advantages 27 Conclusion and Way Forward Appendix Compilation of African Union Environmental Law Treaties Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThere are various environmental and legal challenges arising from offshore renewable energy activities which were not foreseen at the time of the negotiation of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This book explores how UNCLOS has evolved to adapt to these new challenges through legal mechanisms and examines what gaps may remain and how they should be filled. The book highlights the process of normative reinforcement in the regulation of offshore renewable energy activities whilst maintaining the fundamental balance of interests between the coastal State and other States.Table of ContentsForeword 1 Introduction  1 The Growing Interest in Offshore Renewable Energy Activities  2 Sources of Offshore Renewable Energy 2.1 Wind Energy 2.1.1 Structure of Wind Turbines 2.1.2 Cables 2.1.3 Offshore Substation 2.2 Ocean Energy 2.2.1 Wave Energy 2.2.2 Tidal Range and Current Energy 2.2.3 Ocean Thermal Energy 2.2.4 Salinity Gradient 2.3 Solar Energy  3 Challenges Arising from Offshore Renewable Energy Activities 3.1 Environmental Challenges 3.2 Conflicts with Other Uses of the Oceans 3.3 Legal Challenges  4 Outline of the Book 2 Legal Framework for Offshore Renewable Energy Activities  1 Introduction: unclos as a Basic Legal Framework  2 Balancing Interests between the Coastal State and Other States within unclos 2.1 Sovereignty and Sovereign Rights over Offshore Renewable Energy 2.1.1 Sovereignty over Maritime Zones 2.1.2 Sovereign Rights over the eez and the Continental Shelf 2.2 Constraints on Sovereignty and Sovererign Rights of the Coastal State 2.2.1 Navigation 2.2.2 Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment  3 Legal Mechanisms for Updating unclos 3.1 unclos as a Living Instrument 3.2 Rules of Reference 3.3 Regional Agreement 3.4 Treaty Interpretation 3.4.1 Treaty Interpretation under the vclt 3.4.2 Subsequent Agreements under Article 31(3)(a) 3.4.3 Subsequent Practice under Article 31(3)(b) 3.4.4 unclos and ‘Any Relevant Rules’ under Article 31(3)(c) of the vclt 3.5 Soft Law and the Amplification of unclos  4 Conclusion 3 Environmental Impact Assessment  1 Introduction  2 An eia Obligation within unclos 2.1 Lack of Details of an eia Obligation under Article 206 2.2 The Legal Nature of an eia Obligation 2.3 Interpretation and an eia Obligation under Article 206  3 An eia for Offshore Renewable Energy Activities 3.1 Screening 3.2 Scoping: the Contents of an eia 3.3 Notification and Consultation 3.3.1 Notification to States Likely to Be Affected 3.3.2 Publication of Reports under Article 205 3.4 Public Participation 3.5 Final Decision 3.6 Post-Project Monitoring  4 Strategic Environmental Assessment  5 Conclusion 4 Protection of the Marine Environment from Offshore Renewable Energy Operations  1 Introduction  2 Prevention of Pollution from Offshore Renewable Energy Operations under Article 208 2.1 Prevention of Pollution from Seabed Activities under Article 208 2.2 Absence of Competent International Organizations for Offshore Renewable Energy Activities 2.3 The Limits of Regional Regulations to Regulate Offshore Renewable Energy Activities  3 Article 192 and Offshore Renewable Energy Activities 3.1 General Obligation to Protect the Marine Environment under Article 192 3.2 Article 192 and a Due Diligence Obligation  4 Marine Biodiversity-Related Instruments and Offshore Renewable Energy Activities 4.1 Normative Interactions between Article 192 and Marine Biodiversity-Related Instruments 4.2 Regulations for the Protection of Marine Biodiversity 4.2.1 Convention on Biological Diversity 4.2.2 Regional Regulations for the Protection of Marine Biodiversity 4.3 Regulations for the Protection of Marine Species 4.3.1 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 4.3.2 Regional Agreements under the cms 4.3.3 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling 4.4 The Nature of Resolutions Adopted by Global and Regional Institutions 4.5 The Relationship between Supplementary Agreements 4.6 The Role of the Scientific Council  5 Conclusion 5 Navigation Rights and Offshore Renewable Energy Activities  1 Introduction  2 Ships’ Routeing Measures 2.1 unclos and Ships’ Routeing Measures 2.1.1 Territorial Sea 2.1.2 Straits Used for International Navigation 2.1.3 Archipelagic Waters 2.2 colregs and solas 2.3 imo Resolution A.572(14) 2.3.1 Resolution A.572(14) on General Provisions on Ships’ Routeing 2.3.2 Amendment of Resolution A.572(14) on General Provisions on Ships’ Routeing 2.3.3 Navigational Risk Assessment  3 Safety Zones around Offshore Renewable Energy Installations 3.1 Maritimes Zones under Sovereignty 3.2 Exclusive Economic Zone 3.2.1 Article 60(4) of unclos 3.2.2 Breadth of Safety Zones 3.2.3 Enforcement in Safety Zones  4 Conclusion 6 Decommissioning of Offshore Renewable Energy Installations  1 Introduction  2 Removal of Disused Offshore Renewable Energy Installations 2.1 Offshore Renewable Energy Installations Located in the Territorial Sea 2.2 Offshore Renewable Energy Installations Located in the eez and Continental Shelf 2.2.1 Article 60(3) of unclos 2.2.2 imo Resolution A.672 (16) 2.2.3 Generally Accepted International Standards under Article 60(3) of unclos 2.3 National Legislation: Decommissioning of Offshore Renewable Energy Installations in the UK  3 Disposal at Sea: Regulations of Dumping of Offshore Renewable Energy Installations 3.1 Dumping under unclos 3.2 The 1972 London Dumping Convention and Its 1996 Protocol 3.2.1 The 1972 London Dumping Convention 3.2.2 The 1996 Protocol to the 1972 London Dumping Convention 3.2.3 Guidelines for the Assessment of Wastes and Other Matter 3.3 Regional Regulations on Dumping  4 Transform of Offshore Renewable Energy Installations to an Artificial Reef 4.1 The Applicability of Article 60(3) of unclos 4.2 Do Artificial Reefs Qualify as Dumping? 4.3 Regional Regulations on Artificial Reefs  5 Conclusion 7 Marine Spatial Planning and Offshore Renewable Energy Activities  1 Introduction  2 msp as a Form of Integrated Oceans Management 2.1 Integrated Oceans Management 2.2 Key Principles for the Implementation of msp 2.2.1 Ecosystem-Based approach 2.2.2 Multisectoral Approach 2.2.3 Participatory Approach 2.2.4 Cross-border and Transboundary Cooperation 2.3 unclos and msp  3 Planning and Implementation of msp 3.1 Procedures of msp 3.2 Co-location of Offshore Renewable Energy Activities and Other Activities 3.2.1 Marine Protected Areas 3.2.2 Commercial Fishing 3.2.3 Evaluation  4 The Development of msp at the Regional Level 4.1 The North-East Atlantic 4.2 Baltic Sea 4.3 The Role of Regional Sea Treaty Bodies in the Development of msp  5 Conclusion 8 Conclusion  1 unclos as a Living Instrument and Offshore Renewable Energy Activities  2 Normative Developments for Offshore Renewable Energy Activities within unclos  3 A Need for a New Treaty to Regulate Offshore Renewable Energy Activities? Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is an essential contribution to understanding Russian law for English speakers. In a time when the energy markets in Europe are changing away from Russian dependence on oil and gas, Dr Svendsen explains what the legal consequences will be if we would experience cross-border harm as a result of an oil spill from offshore installations on the Norwegian and the Russian side of the sea border in the Barents Sea. This book examines Russian and Norwegian rules governing liability, choice-of-law, recognition and enforcement, damage, third-party losses, environmental harm, and valuation of environmental harm.Table of ContentsList of Figure part 1 Introduction 1 Introduction  1.1 Introduction  1.2 Background  1.3 The Absence of International Legal Agreements Regulating Oil Pollution Damage from Offshore Subsoil Activities  1.4 The Barents Sea  1.5 Limitations and Assumptions throughout the Book 2 Sources of Law in Norway and Russia  2.1 Introduction  2.2 Sources of Law – Norway  2.3 Sources of Law – Russia  2.4 Some Comments on Legal Reasoning  2.5 Materials Used 3 Principles and Considerations in Norwegian and Russian law  3.1 Introduction  3.2 The Use of the Terminology ‘Legal Principle’ in This Book in Relation to Norwegian and Russian Law  3.3 The International Environmental Polluter Pays Principle – from an Economic to a Multi-version Principle  3.4 Common Consideration in Norwegian and Russian Law  3.5 Norwegian National Considerations with Respect to Chapter 7 of the Petroleum Act  3.6 Russian National Considerations  3.7 Comparative Notes  3.8 Conclusions 4 Liability for Pollution Damage in the Barents Sea  4.1 Introduction  4.2 Liability for Pollution Damage in Norway  4.3 Liability for Pollution Damage in Russia part 2 Procedural Law Issues: Choice-of-Law, and Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 5 Choice of Law Rules in the Petroleum Act and the Civil Code  5.1 Introduction  5.2 Two Cross-Border Pollution Scenarios  5.3 A Harmed Russian Party Filing a Claim for Compensation in a Norwegian Court for Harm Inflicted to the Russian Party, When Located in the Russian Part of the Barents Sea, by a Norwegian Company Located in the Norwegian Part of the Barents Sea  5.4 A Harmed Norwegian Party Filing a Claim for Compensation in a Russian Court for Harm Inflicted to the Norwegian Party Located in the Norwegian Part of the Barents Sea by a Russian Company Located in the Russian Part of the Barents Sea  5.5 Conclusion of Choice of Law 6 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in National Courts Absent an International Agreement (Enforcement of Norwegian Judgments in Russian Courts and Russian Judgments in Norwegian Courts)  6.1 Introduction  6.2 European Recognition and Enforcement Regimes of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters  6.3 Norwegian Legal Approach to Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters  6.4 Russian Legal Approach to Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters  6.5 Conclusion of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Part 3 Substantive Law Issues: Examining Compensability through the Concept of Damage, Losses Suffered by Third Parties, and Harm to the Environment and Its Valuation and Calculation 7 The Definition and Understanding of the Norwegian Concept of “Damage” under the Petroleum Act and the Russian Concept of “Harm” under the Federal Continental Shelf Law and the Federal Environmental Protection Law  7.1 Introduction  7.2 Norwegian Law  7.3 Russian Law  7.4 Comparative Analysis  7.5 Conclusion of Chapter 7 8 Compensability of Losses Suffered by Third Parties: Establishing Protection in Delict Law and Limitation of This Liability through Causation  8.1 Introduction  8.2 Historical Prelude  8.3 Pure Economic Loss and Losses Suffered by Third Parties  8.4 Norwegian Law: the Establishment of Protection in Delict Law and Limitation of Liability through Proximity in Causality and Balancing of Interests  8.5 Russian Law – the Concept of “Unreceived Income”  8.6 Comparative Analysis  8.7 Conclusion on Losses Suffered by Third Parties 9 Compensability of Harm to the Marine Natural Environment Caused by Petroleum Spills  9.1 Introduction  9.2 Values Attributable to the Environment  9.3 Norwegian Law  9.4 Russian Law  9.5 Comparative Analysis  9.6 Conclusion of Chapter 9 10 The Valuation and Calculation of Compensable Damage to the Environment  10.1 Introduction  10.2 The Primary Valuation and Calculation Methods  10.3 The Norwegian Approach to Restoration and Replacement Costs  10.4 The Russian Approach: Market Valuation and Mathematical Formulas  10.5 Comparative Analysis  10.6 Conclusion 11 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations  11.1 Introduction  11.2 Conclusions and Summary of the Book  11.3 Policy Recommendations Annexes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisCompetition over the Nile watercourse is becoming a global crisis. As population growth, economic development, and urbanization increase the demand for water in the Nile Basin while climate change threatens its supply, the region faces a looming water crisis. An effective resolution of this multifaceted issue, which impacts 11 African countries, requires detailed multidisciplinary research. Until now the academic discourse regarding the Nile watercourse has been primarily dominated by monodisciplinary studies. This book fills that gap, providing a retrospective and prospective look at the Nile through multidisciplinary lenses—commingling history, hydro-politics, climate change, and law. It scrutinizes the legal and hydro-political trajectories of the Nile Basin, from the 4th century A.D. to 2022.Table of ContentsForeword Preface Acknowledgments List of Table List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 The Global Water Crisis: Finite Supply, Growing Demand 1.2 The Looming Water Crisis in the Nile Basin 1.3 The Legal and Hydro-political Setting of the Nile Basin 1.4 Significance, Objective, and Organization of the Book Part 1 Reconstructing the Legal and Hydro-political History of the Nile Basin 2 The Politics of the Nile Basin: Water Imperialism, Hydro-political Cold War, and Hegemonic Dominance  Introduction 2.1 Pre-colonial Myths and Realities 2.2 The Nile in the Age of Colonialism: the Europeans Scramble for Nile, and the Tana Dam Concession 2.3 The Nile in the Age of Cold War: Hydro-political Rivalry and the Scramble for Dominance  Conclusion 3 The Status of Colonial Nile Waters Treaties under International Law  Introduction 3.1 The Colonial Nile Waters Treaties 3.2 Immediate Post-colonial Dispute over the Colonial Nile Waters Treaties 3.3 The Colonial Nile Waters Treaties and State Succession 3.4 Fundamental Change of Circumstances  Conclusion 4 Legal Arguments Based on the 1959 Agreement and Customary International Law  Introduction 4.1 The 1959 Agreement 4.2 Customary International Watercourses Law  Conclusion Part 2 Post-Cold War Attempts to Change or Maintain the Status Quo 5 Between Unilateralism and Cooperation: the Nile Basin in the Post-Cold War Era  Introduction 5.1 Bilateral Cooperative Initiatives 5.2 Multilateral Cooperative Initiatives 5.3 Back to Competition: Unilateralism as Post-Cold War Modus Operandi  Conclusion 6 The Cooperative Framework Agreement  Introduction 6.1 Drafting and Negotiations of the cfa: Sisyphean Endeavors? 6.2 Basic Principles of the Cooperative Framework Agreement 6.3 Hydro-political Implications  Conclusion Part 3 The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and the Current Dispute over the Existing Nile Water Agreements 7 The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Declaration of Principles  Introduction 7.1 The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: the Beginning of De-Facto Change in the Status Quo? 7.2 The Declaration of Principles on gerd: a New Paradigm?  Conclusion 8 Sink or Swim: Unlocking the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Dispute  Introduction 8.1 First Filling and Annual Operation of the gerd 8.2 The gerd Washington Talks: Illuminating the Sticking Points 8.3 The Role of the United States in the gerd Talks under International Law 8.4 Post-Washington Negotiations 8.5 The Way Forward: towards Unlocking the gerd Dispute  Conclusion Part 4 Looking into the Future: towards Building a Flexible Legal and Institutional Framework in the Nile Basin 9 Governing the Nile under Climatic Uncertainty: the Need for Climate-Proofed Basin-wide Treaty  Introduction 9.1 Building Flexibility into Treaty Regimes 9.2 Adapting the Nile Basin to Climate Change: Analysis of Treaty Flexibility 9.3 The gerd Negotiations: towards a Flexible Tripartite Agreement? 9.4 The Way Forward: towards a Basin-wide Climate-Proofed Treaty  Conclusion 10 Overall Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe publication presents and analyses the findings of the first pilot reporting exercise under the Water Convention, which was carried out in 2017. Progress made in the implementation of the Convention is reviewed and summarised, together with the identification of significant trends, success, challenges and opportunities concerning transboundary water cooperation. The reporting mechanism under the Convention was formally adopted (decision VII/2) by the Meeting of the Parties to the Water Convention at its seventh session (Budapest, 17-19 November 2015).

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Book SynopsisThis open access book traces the journey of nuclear law: its origins, how it has developed, where it is now, and where it is headed. As a discipline, this highly specialized body of law makes it possible for us to benefit from the life-saving applications of nuclear science and technology, including diagnosing cancer as well as avoiding and mitigating the effects of climate change. This book seeks to give readers a glimpse into the future of nuclear law, science and technology. It intends to provoke thought and discussion about how we can maximize the benefits and minimize the risks inherent in nuclear science and technology. This compilation of essays presents a global view in discipline as well as in geography. The book is aimed at representatives of governments—including regulators, policymakers and lawmakers—as well representatives of international organizations and the legal and insurance sectors. It will be of interest to all those keen to better understand the role of law in enabling the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technology around the world. The contributions in this book are written by leading experts, including the IAEA’s Director General, and discuss the four branches of nuclear law—safety, security, safeguards and nuclear liability—and the interaction of nuclear law with other fields of national and international law.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Nuclear Law and the Nuclear World Order.- Chapter 2. Nuclear Science and Technology for Development.- Chapter 3. Russian Vision of the Problems and Prospects of the International Legal Framework in the Context of Small Modular Reactors and Transportable Nuclear Power Units.- Chapter 4. Milestones in Nuclear Law: A Journey in Nuclear Regulation.- Chapter 5. Strengthening the Global Nuclear Safety Regime.- Chapter 6. The Challenge of Climate Change – Complete Energy Systems Transformation: No nuclear, no net zero.- Chapter 7. Legal Imputation of Health Effects to Radiation Exposure.- Chapter 8. Nuclear Security.- Chapter 9. Building Nuclear Security regime: Questions to be Asked.- Chapter 10. IAEA Safeguards: Correctness and Completeness of States’ Safeguards Declarations.- Chapter 11. Safeguards for the Future.- Chapter 12. Nuclear Liability and Post-Fukushima Developments.- Chapter 13. The Humanitarian Atom: Role of Nuclear Power in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.- Chapter 14. “Nuclear Newcomer Countries” – The Path of the United Arab Emirate.- Chapter 15. Building the Nuclear and Radiobiological Safety and Security Authority in the Kingdom of Morocco: Sharing Experience and Lessons Learned.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a substantial contribution to understanding the international legal framework for the protection and conservation of cultural heritage. It offers a range of perspectives from well-regarded contributors from different parts of the world on the impact of law in heritage conservation. Through a holistic approach, the authors bring the reader into dialogue around the intersection between the humanities and legal sciences, demonstrating the reciprocity of interaction in programs and projects to enhance cultural heritage in the world. This edited volume compiles a selection of interesting reflections on the role of cultural diplomacy to address intolerances that often govern international relations, causing damage to human and cultural heritage. The main purpose of this collection of essays is to analyse the different cultural paradigms that intervene in the management of heritage, and to advocate for improvements in international laws and conventions to enable better cultural policies of individual nations for the protection of human rights. The editors submit that it is only through open dialogue between the humanities and jurisprudence that the international community will be able to better protect and value sovereignty, and promote cultural heritage for the development of a better world. This collection is relevant to scholars working in areas relating to law, management and policies of cultural heritage conservation and protection.Table of ContentsPreface.- Acknowledgement.- Introduction.- Chapter 1 Structure of the research.- Chapter 2 Transcultural diplomacy and international law.- PART I: HERITAGE AND CULTURE.- Chapter 3 Academic disciplines as Transcultural heritage: In defence of culture as cultivation.- Chapter 4 Octagon – The Quest for Wholeness.- Chapter 5 Ecclesiastical Heritage as Human Right.- Chapter 6 Curzio Malaparte’s War Novels in Poland: Then and Now.- Chapter 7 A living heritage. The Villa E.1027 by the sea .- Chapter 8 Jitiya: Tharu Inherence to Eco-Culture.- Chapter 9 Importance and perspectives of natural heritage, in Romania.- Chapter 10 A relationship between Plants and their Hindu and Buddha cultures: An analysis Ficus religiosa (Pipal).- PART II: HERITAGE AND LAW.- Chapter 11 International Legal Instruments as a means for the protection of Cultural Heritage.- Chapter 12 International and European obligations to protect Cultural Heritage in Belgium.- Chapter 13 Cultural Heritage in International Law: (Still) Looking for a Definition? The Taxonomy of Cultural Heritage Across the Spectrum of UNESCO Conventions and Beyond.- Chapter 14 Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs), holder communities and conflicts with central States: policies for the recognition of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and intellectual property (IP) regulation.- PART III: HERITAGE AND COMMUNITY.- Chapter 15 Cultural Diplomacy in India: Dispersal, Heritage Representation, Contestation and Development.- Chapter 16 Algeria and its heritage: Inventory of the various heritage policies, from the pre-colonial to colonial and post-colonial times

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