Public international law: environment Books

Book SynopsisAll too often, international environmental law is presented as a kind of guided tour of different treaties and environmental problems. Professor Hey succeeds beautifully in articulating the themes that connect all of these disparate areas, an effort that both students and scholars will appreciate.'- Daniel Farber, University of California, Berkeley, US'This volume presents a superb overview of international environmental law by a long-time observer. Ellen Hey shares her deep insight into the historical, environmental, technical and policy context of the law, and introduces the reader to regulatory techniques and choices, the main legal tools at actors' disposal, and the key developments in the field. The result is an accessible, yet sophisticated introduction to the evolution of the field, and its expanding modes of action and range of participants.'- Jutta Brunée, University of Toronto, Canada'This is a significant contribution from a leading figure in the field. Of particular note is the effort to embed international environmental law in its broader context, not only through the detailed analysis of its foundational principles or of its deep interactions with other fields of international law but, more generally, through the overarching theme of the Anthropocene. It is to be thoroughly recommended.'- Jorge E. Viñuales, University of Cambridge, UKElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars.This accessible and concise introduction provides a salient overview of contemporary international environmental law as well as a critical assessment of the controversies that arise when trying to achieve environmental protection through international law.Covering the origins, content, institutional structure and accountability mechanisms of international environmental law, in their social-economic and political context, Ellen Hey discusses substantive and procedural fairness, thus exploring questions of distributive justice, accountability and legitimacy. Providing an invaluable entry point to this complex area of the law, this book enables a rapid understanding of the core principles of this multi-faceted topic.Key features include:- Concise and compact overview- Discusses contemporary developments- Examines IEL's relationship to other areas of international law- Considers the social-economic context.Trade Review‘All too often, international environmental law is presented as a kind of guided tour of different treaties and environmental problems. Professor Hey succeeds beautifully in articulating the themes that connect all of these disparate areas, an effort that both students and scholars will appreciate.’ -- Daniel Farber, University of California, Berkeley, US‘This volume presents a superb overview of international environmental law by a long-time observer. Ellen Hey shares her deep insight into the historical, environmental, technical and policy context of the law, and introduces the reader to regulatory techniques and choices, the main legal tools at actors' disposal, and the key developments in the field. The result is an accessible, yet sophisticated introduction to the evolution of the field, and its expanding modes of action and range of participants.’ -- Jutta Brunée, University of Toronto, Canada‘This is a significant contribution from a leading figure in the field. Of particular note is the effort to embed international environmental law in its broader context, not only through the detailed analysis of its foundational principles or of its deep interactions with other fields of international law but, more generally, through the overarching theme of the Anthropocene. It is to be thoroughly recommended.’ -- Jorge E. Viñuales, University of Cambridge, UKTable of ContentsContents: 1. Setting the Scene 2. Origins and Development 3. Evolving Insights About What is at Stake 4. Principles 5. Institutional Structures 6. Dispute Settlement and Accountability Mechanisms 7. The Relationship with other Areas of International Law 8. Conclusion: Continuity and Change Index

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Book SynopsisThis thoroughly revised second edition provides an up-to-date account of essential EU climate mitigation law, analysing an area that remains one of the most dynamic fields of EU law. Special attention is paid to the energy sector and to the impact of climate law on broader legal issues, such as energy network regulation and human rights.Written by leading scholars of EU climate law from the University of Groningen, the book addresses the relevant directives and regulations, examining their implementation and impact on current policy and academic debate. Chapters guide the reader through key topics including the EU emissions trading system, renewable energy consumption, and carbon capture and storage.Key features of the second edition include:A clear and accessible introduction to EU climate mitigation lawComprehensive coverage of the climate targets and instruments of the EUSpecial focus on the relationship between climate law and energy lawNew classroom questions to stimulate further discussion and debateEducational design based on reviews by climate law students and lecturers.Combining educational design and analytical accuracy, this book will be an indispensable guide for both students and professionals. It is highly recommended for courses on EU climate mitigation law, as well as climate law, energy law, environmental law and EU law.Trade Review‘Taken together, the work, in its 12 chapters, masters the self-imposed task of compactly presenting the EU climate law framework in an excellent manner.’ -- Florian Graber, NR - Journal of Sustainable Development Law (translated from the original)‘This is the book the world needs to understand how the EU – a leading light in climate policy – is addressing climate change. Authoritative yet approachable, there is simply no better comprehensive introduction to the issue.’ -- Arden Rowell, University of Illinois, US‘Essential EU Climate Law is a very important contribution to the effort to understand and deal with climate change. It provides a remarkably thorough and readable text on both the nature of EU climate mitigation law and the implications of the laws for society. Offering a clear and detailed account of the history and evolution of EU climate mitigation law it also considers the impact of other legal developments, such as in renewable energy, energy efficiency and carbon capture, that interact with climate laws. It also does an excellent job of integrating other areas of law that are critical to a successful climate mitigation effort including multi-level governance and human rights. This textbook is an outstanding resource for students and professors but it is more than just a textbook. It is also a must read for anyone who wants to understand in depth the essence of EU climate law.’ -- LeRoy Paddock, The George Washington University Law School, US'This second edition of Essential EU Climate Law is a must have for everyone dealing with EU climate regulation. All essential features of the regulation of climate change in the EU are dealt with in this impressive volume by a distinguished group of contributors. It is the primary source of inspiration for anyone looking for first hand information on the state of climate law in the EU.' -- Michael Faure, Maastricht University and Erasmus School of Law, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsAcclaim for the first edition:'It establishes the foundation for an understanding of climate change law within the EU and would be of use to those who need to follow, understand and implement the measures described... this is an extremely useful resource, demonstrating good value for money.' -- Gina Nason, Emerald Insight, UK'Woerdman, Roggenkamp and Holwerda have written a comprehensive and readable introduction to EU climate law. All targets and instruments of the EU to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are investigated, including related issues such as energy network management. Useful for every reader from undergraduates to professors and policymakers, this volume ought to be on the bookshelf of anyone interested in climate change mitigation policy.' -- Daniel H. Cole, Indiana University, US'We highly recommended this introductory text for courses covering EU climate mitigation law, and for those involved in the context of broader curricula on climate law, energy law and EU law in general as these areas of law emerged as major subjects in their own right in the next few years.' -- The Barrister MagazineTable of ContentsContents: Preface xii PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose, approach and outline of the book 2 2 EU climate policy 10 PART II ESSENTIAL EU CLIMATE LAW 3 EU emissions trading system 44 4 Regulation of emissions from non-ETS sectors 74 5 Renewable energy consumption 98 6 Energy efficiency 130 7 Carbon capture and storage 156 8 Regulation of fluorinated gases 190 PART III OVERARCHING ISSUES IN EU CLIMATE REGULATION 9 EU climate law and energy network regulation 207 10 Multi-level governance in EU climate law 237 11 Human rights and EU climate law 259 PART IV CONCLUSION 12 The past and possible future of EU climate law 294 Index 304

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Book SynopsisThis text provides far-reaching coverage of the essential topics taught on most environmental law courses, with the authors tackling the key debates and explaining the subject in its social and political context.Environmental Law is structured thematically to provide far-reaching coverage of the fundamentals and allow students to develop critical thinking and high-level understanding. The accessible style provides clear content suitable for both new and experienced students of the subject.Key Features- Offers thorough coverage on the subject, with thematic discussions of key topics introducing debates and legislation from domestic and international perspectives- Places the subject in context, providing an accessible introduction to the main themes and principles of environmental law for new students and those looking to develop their understanding - Sets the scene with chapter overviews, case studies, and information boxes to engage students with the substantive law, significant issues

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Book SynopsisThrough a mix of thematic chapters and case studies, this book offers an analytical approach to developing legal responses which will ensure the needs of present and future generations can be met through energy systems, infrastructure development, and natural resources management in times of increasingly frequent and disruptive nature-based events.Table of ContentsPart I - Introduction 1: Catherine Banet, Hanri Mostert, LeRoy Paddock, Milton Fernando Montoya, and Iñigo del Guayo: Introduction Part II - Defining Resilience in Energy, Infrastructure, and Natural Resources Law 2: Nigel Bankes, Lee Godden, and Íñigo del Guayo: The Role of Law in Fostering or Inhibiting Resilient Energy Systems 3: Catherine Redgwell: Building Resilience from the Top Down? The Role of International Law and Institutions 4: Catherine Banet: Planning for Resilience: Resilience as a Criterion in Energy, Climate, Natural Resources, and Spatial Planning Law 5: Martha M. Roggenkamp: Resilient Energy Systems in the European Union: Critical Infrastructures and Cybersecurity Regulation 6: Alexandra B. Klass and Isaac Foote: Building Resilience into U.S. Energy Transport Infrastructure Part III - State Legal Response to Disruption 7: Hao Zhang: Resilience and Energy Law in China in an Era of Energy Decarbonisation 8: Lee Godden: Law, Resilience, and Natural Disaster Management in Australia: The 'Bushfire Summer' and Critical Energy Networks 9: Damilola Olawuyi: Advancing Resilience to Price Volatility in Oil and Gas Markets: Current Challenges and Ways Forward in the MENA Region 10: Milton Fernando Montoya and Daniela Aguilar Abaunza: Reaction from Public Policy and Regulation after COVID-19 Crisis in Latin America: The Cases of Colombia and Peru in Mining and Electrical Industry 11: José Juan González Márquez: The New Nationalism of the Mexican Energy Policy in a Turbulent International Context 12: Don C. Smith and Donald N. Zillman: Energy Resilience in the United States: Impact of the 2020 Presidential and Congressional Elections Part IV - Project Developers Legal Response to Disruption 13: Anatole Boute: Force Majeure and the COVID-19 Energy Market Crash: Lessons for the Peak Oil Era 14: Alastair R. Lucas: Extreme Natural Event Impacts on the Energy Sector and its Regulation: Canada and North America 15: LeRoy Paddock: Creating a Framework that Supports Resilient Renewable Energy Generation Part V - Strategic Financing and Economic Responses to Disruption 16: Nadia Ahmad: Transnational Energy Law Regimes and Systems Dynamics: Calibrating Finance Mechanisms of the International Renewable Energy Agency and the Energy Charter Treaty 17: Hanri Mostert, Chris Adomako-Kwakye, Kangwa-Musole Chisanga, and Meyer Van den Berg: How Strong Can You Stand if You're on Your Knees? Financing Crises in Africa: Implications for the Natural Resource and Energy Sectors 18: Hans Jacob Bull: Natural Damage Insurance: An Instrument for Economic Resilience 19: Piti Eiamchamroonlarp: Public-Private Partnership in the Reconstruction of the Energy Sector: The Case for EV Buses in Thailand Part VI - Managing Disruption and Resilience at Consumption Level: Access to Energy, Demand Response, Equity 20: Barry Barton: Building Resilience from the Ground Up: Local Supply and Demand Management with Renewables, Prosumers, Energy Efficiency, Critical Minerals, and the Circular Economy 21: Louis de Fontenelle: Increasing the Resilience of the Energy System Through Consumers: Towards Decentralised, Interconnected and Supportive Ecosystems Part VII - Conclusion 22: Catherine Banet, Hanri Mostert, LeRoy Paddock, Milton Fernando Montoya, and Iñigo del Guayo: Conclusion - Managing Disruption and Reinventing the Future: Resilience as Requirement for Legal Frameworks

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Book SynopsisThe Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal celebrates its tenth anniversary in 1999. As the only treaty addressing international transfer and environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes at the global level, the Basel Convention has gained universal recognition as the key legal instrument in this field. The anniversary presents an opportunity to assess its evolution , and to consider challenges for the future. Other existing relevant legal instruments have also evolved further, and new ones have been adopted. This book analyses the relationship of the Basel Convention with other pertinent legal rules, and proposes means to form a comprehensive global regulatory regime for hazardous waste management on the basis of the Convention. Since the book was first published, a number of important developments have taken place. Chief among these is the adoption of an amendment to the Basel Convention which provides for a ban on exports of hazardous wastes from OECD to non OECD countries. A tendency to impose similar restrictions can also be observed in other relevant legal instruments. The introduction to this book has therefore been revised by way of a substantial new preface to give an overview of the important developments since 1994, and their impact on the overall analysis.Trade ReviewA worthy addition to the Oxford Monographs in International Law series ... a well-researched and comprehensive reference work. * Nicholas Grief, Scottish Planning and Environmental Law, Aug 99 , no 74 *Table of ContentsAbbreviations ; Foreword ; Table of Cases ; Table of Legal Instruments of the EU and OECD ; Table of Treaties and other International Legal Instruments ; Preface ; Introduction ; 1. Transboundary Movements of Hazardous wastes in International Law ; 2. The Basel Convention: an Analysis and Assessment ; 3. The Basel Convention as an Umbrella for Regional Hazardous waste Treaties ; 4. The Relationship Between the Basel Convention and the Waste Management Systems of the EU and the OECD ; 5. The Basel Regime and Sectoral Pollution Control treaties ; 6. Ensuring Compliance: Relevant Concepts and Mechanisms ; 7. The Contribution of the Basel Convention and Related Rules to an Emerging Global aste Management System ; Appendices ; Bibliography ; Index

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of this leading reference work provides a comprehensive discussion of the dynamic and important field of international law concerned with environmental protection. It is edited by globally-recognised international environmental law scholars, Professor Lavanya Rajamani and Professor Jacqueline Peel, and features 67 chapters authored by 76 renowned experts in their fields.The Handbook discusses the key principles underpinning international environmental law, its relevant actors and tools, and rules applying in its substantive sub-fields such as climate law, oceans law, wildlife and biodiversity law, and hazardous substances regulation. It also explores the intersection of international environmental law with other areas of international law, such as those concerned with trade, investment, disaster, migration, armed conflict, intellectual property, energy, and human rights. The Handbook sets its discussion of international environmental law in the broader interdisciplinTrade ReviewWhile Earth's natural systems deteriorate, environmental laws are applied in dynamic, contradictory, but always compelling ways. Stakeholders urgently seek guidance about how such laws will fulfill the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, or to cope with impacts of climate disruption, toxic chemical pollution, or biodiversity loss. This masterfully revised edition fills this need. Rajamani and Peel have orchestrated succinct yet comprehensive briefings by leading experts, elucidating how many actors are reshaping international law across sectors. This new Handbook makes clear how environmental law today governs all relationships, whether commercial transactions, geo-political security, or access to food and natural resources. It belongs on every lawyers' desk. * Nicholas A. Robinson, Executive Governor, International Council of Environmental Law, Kerlin Distinguished Professor of Environmental Law Emeritus, Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University *In this new edition of The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law, Rajamani and Peel, masterfully capture the rapid changes and ongoing maturing that characterize the field. In exploring both the boundaries of the field and the substantive and normative dilemmas that define its contours, the second edition deftly weaves together the perspectives of a rich and diverse group of scholars working at the forefront of this quickly evolving area of law. The depth of coverage is at once stunning and aptly reflective of the richness of the field itself. The new edition will shape how we think about the field of international environmental law for years to come. It is foundational in the field and a must-read for all scholars of environmental law. * Cinnamon Carlane, Alumni Society Designated Professor of Law, Ohio State University Moritz College of Law *The Second Edition presents a thoughtful yet provocative analysis of the advancement of international environmental law as a legal discipline. This work by Rajamani and Peel examines not only the foundational principles of international environmental law but also its expansion to other areas of international law. This volume distinguishes itself from the first edition by focusing on a critical reflection on the evolution of this dynamic field of international law. I would consider The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law: Second Edition as an essential reading for those who are interested in international environmental law. This is a highly recommended reading material for all scholars, students, legal practitioners and advocates, and policymakers alike. * Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio, Chairperson, Governing Board, IUCN Academy of Environmental Law, 2019 - present *What a diverse publication! —diversity of contributing scholars and experts, regions covered, and topics and issues addressed. Kudos to the fantastic editors Lavanya and Jackie. What fascinated me about this publication was its clear discussion of how feminist approaches, ethical considerations, human rights values, and disaster and conflict management have a role to play in environmental and climate law, along with science, technology, trade, and intellectual property. This publication acknowledges the elephant in the room, is international environmental law fit for purpose? It then explores legal experimentation and judicial exploration in expanding the bounds of seemingly limiting international environmental law. Hence, if like me, you are someone who likes to push boundaries, I will add this book to this week's reading list. * Irum Ahsan, Senior Counsel, Asian Development Bank *In this intellectual tour de force, Professors Rajamani and Peel have assembled more than seventy of the world's leading experts to provide critical and compelling insights into the promise and pitfalls of using international law to tackle today's unprecedented global environmental crisis. An essential masterwork that will assist every student, scholar, policy-maker, lawyer and judge interested in this field. * David Boyd, UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment *A work of supreme importance for our times, bringing together writers and thinkers on the cutting edge, one that offers a truly global and balanced perspective on all matters ecological. * Philippe Sands, Q.C., Matrix Chambers, and Professor of Laws and Director of the Centre on International Courts and Tribunals at University College *International environmental law is such a sprawling and rapidly developing area that venturing into it can feel like wandering around a cave with just a candle, glimpsing only fragments of the whole. This handbook illuminates the entirety, and from multiple angles. Lavanya Rajamani and Jacqueline Peel have done a great service by assembling a dazzling array of leading experts from around the globe, and creating a reference that will be invaluable to anyone interested in any aspect of the field, and will also open readers' eyes to issue areas they did not know even existed. * Michael B. Gerrard, Professor and Director, Sabin Center for Climate Change Law Columbia Law School *This Handbook, edited by leading international environmental law scholars, Lavanya Rajamani and Jacqueline Peel, is a major achievement and a truly field-defining work. The 2nd edition is extraordinary in terms of breadth and depth of coverage of international environmental law issues. It arrives at a time of great need for expertise and knowledge as the globe confronts multiple environmental crises. The Handbook will be an invaluable publication to academics, students, diplomats and the legal profession, particularly judges * Antonio Herman Benjamin, Professor and Justice, National High Court of Brazil. Founder of the Global Judicial Institute on the Environment *This comprehensive volume is a must-read for novices and experts alike. It surveys the field of international environmental law from a wide range of perspectives, offering nuanced, cutting-edge analysis as well as considered reflection. The breadth of contributions reflects the evolution of international environmental law in recent years, and its intersections with other areas of law and policy. The book is an invaluable resource for academics, students, and practitioners. * Professor Jane McAdam, Scientia Professor of Law, Director, Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law *A work of outstanding scholarship that redefines the frontiers of international environmental law offering creative ways to combat the defining environmental challenges of our times including climate change. Covid-19 further underlines its monumental significance. It is now for us to judicialize these emerging trends and evolve jurisprudence that places Nature at the heart of planetary justice. It is now or never! * Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, Judge, Supreme Court of Pakistan, Islamabad *This is a remarkable collection of expert scholarship and represents a serious and collective effort to understand the potential and actualities of international environmental law. The breadth, depth and jurisdictional reach of the handbook is impressive, directing us towards vital legal responses and roles. It is a hugely ambitious and accomplished work, and, most notably, achieves the aim of giving priority to underrepresented perspectives and voices. * Jane Holder, Professor of Environmental Law, UCL Faculty of Laws, University College London *Too lofty and loquacious or too prosaic and particular, these are the Scylla and Charybdis that wreck so many writings on international environmental law. Rajamani and Peel's edited Handbook on International Environmental Law sails safely through the Strait of Messina, skilfully skirting both perils. The book is comprehensive yet considerate in coverage, logical in structure, limpid in style, and perspicacious in analysis. This indeed is a handy handbook on international environmental law. * The Hon Justice Brian J Preston FRSN SC *I am delighted to welcome the second edition of the Oxford Handbook. It comes at a time of unprecedented challenges for the world legal community in dealing with the many threats to our environment. The range of subjects covered is comprehensive and the quality of the contributions of the highest order. I congratulate the editors in having brought this great and much-needed work to a successful conclusion. * Lord Robert Carnwath, (former Justice of the UK Supreme Court) *Table of Contents1: Lavanya Rajamani and Jacqueline Peel: International Environmental Law: Changing Context, Emerging Trends and Expanding Frontiers Part I - Context 2: John S. Dryzek: Discourses 3: Peter H. Sand: Origin and History 4: Jeffrey L. Dunoff: Multi-level and Polycentric Governance 5: Margaret A. Young: Fragmentation 6: David M. Driesen: Instrument Choice 7: Duncan French and Lynda Collins: Scholarship 8: Elizabeth Fisher: Legal Imagination and Teaching Part II - Analytical Approaches 9: Peter Lawrence: International Relations Theory 10: Michael Faure: Economics 11: Sumudu Atapattu: Global South Approaches 12: Rowena Maguire: Feminist Approaches 13: Alexander Gillespie: Ethical Considerations 14: Cormac Cullinan: Earth Jurisprudence 15: Sam Johnston: The Role of Science Part III - Conceptual Pillars 16: Jutta Brunnée: Harm Prevention 17: Jorge E. Viñuales: Sustainable Development 18: Jacqueline Peel: Precaution 19: Philippe Cullet: Differentiation 20: Werner Scholtz: Equity 21: Jonas Ebbesson: Public Participation 22: Akiho Shibata: Good Faith Part IV - Normative Development 23: Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Ginevra Le Moli, and Jorge E. Viñuales: Customary International Law and the Environment 24: Daniel Bodansky: Multilateral Environmental Treaty Making 25: Alan Boyle: Soft Law 26: Joanne Scott: Private and Quasi-Private Standards 27: Cymie R. Payne: Judicial Development Part V - Subject matter 28: Phoebe Okowa: Transboundary Air Pollution 29: Lavanya Rajamani and Jacob Werksman: Climate Change 30: Salman M. A. Salman: Freshwater Resources 31: Adriana Fabra: Marine Environment: Pollution and Fisheries 32: Annecoos Wiersema: Wildlife 33: David A. Wirth and Noah M. Sachs: Hazardous Substances and Activities 34: Beatriz Martinez Romera: Aviation and Maritime Transport Part VI - Actors 35: Thilo Marauhn: The State 36: Ellen Hey: International Institutions 37: Sandrine Maljean-Dubois: Regional Organisations: The European Union 38: J. Michael Angstadt and Michele Betsill: Non-State Actors 39: Hari M. Osofsky: Subnational Actors 40: Peter M. Haas: Epistemic Communities 41: Benjamin J. Richardson and Beate Sjåfjell: Business and Industry 42: Jacinta Ruru: Indigenous Peoples Part VII - Inter-linkages with other regimes 43: Harro van Asselt: Trade 44: Kate Miles: Investment 45: John H. Knox: Human Rights 46: Walter Kälin: Migration 47: Robert R.M. Verchick and Paul Rink: Disaster 48: Lisa Benjamin: Intellectual Property 49: Catherine Redgwell: Energy 50: Carl Bruch, Cymie R. Payne, and Britta Sjöstedt: Armed Conflict Part VIII - Compliance, Implementation and Effectiveness 51: Ronald B. Mitchell: Compliance Theory 52: Tom Sparks and Anne Peters: Transparency Procedures 53: Michael A. Mehling: Market Mechanisms 54: Laurence Boisson de Chazournes: Financial Assistance 55: Shawkat Alam: Technology Assistance and Transfers 56: Meinhard Doelle: Non-Compliance Procedures 57: Steinar Andresen: Effectiveness 58: Christina Voigt: International Responsibility and Liability 59: Alice Palmer: National Implementation 60: Natalie Klein: International Environmental Law Disputes before International Courts and Tribunals Part IX - International Environmental Law in National/Regional Courts 61: Louis J. Kotzé: Africa 62: Jolene S. Lin: China 63: Eloise Scotford: EU/UK 64: Shibani Ghosh: India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan 65: Natasha Affolder: North America 66: Tim Stephens: Oceania 67: Maria Antonia Tigre: South America

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Book SynopsisVolume VI in the Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation series contains an interdisciplinary, selection of peer-reviewed papers written by international experts in the field. The volume contains nearly forty articles written by authors representing disciplines such as law, economics, accounting, taxation, environmental policy and political sciences. The articles were selected from papers presented at the Eighth Annual Global Conference on Environmental Taxation in October 2007 in Munich, Germany. The book is clearly structured with the articles divided into parts and organised by topic. Part 1 it features analysis of the effect of environmental tax policies on innovation, technology, and competitiveness, Part 2 on implementation issues, Part 3 on issues relating to energy and innovation, Part 4 on land use, planning, and conservation and Part 5 closes with papers dealing with international approaches to environmental taxation that use market-based instruments.The book and its sisterTable of ContentsINNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND COMPETITIVENESS; IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES; ENERGY AND INNOVATION; LAND USE, PLANNING, AND CONSERVATION; GLOBAL ISSUES

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThis book not only provides a conceptual backbone but also gives particular examples and specific proposals that will be of great interest to lawyers and agency managers. The text will be a major help to legal reformers and implementers struggling with this important and timely issue. -- Robert L. Fischman, Indiana University Maurer School of Law An excellent and timely account of how the law does influence, could influence, and should influence resilience in linked social-ecological systems. I strongly recommend this volume to natural resource management researchers and practitioners. -- Brian Walker, author of Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World This pathbreaking book brings together leading scholars who offer new thinking on how law might better be reconciled with resilience science. This means more than simply tinkering with existing approaches to management of natural resources. It requires building resilience into social-ecological systems, including the law itself. This is no small undertaking, and this book sets us on the right path by raising many of the necessary questions. -- Bradley C. Karkkainen, University of Minnesota Law School Social-Ecological Resilience and Law turns compelling theories into practical suggestions for building a more resilient future and should be read by academics and policymakers alike. -- Joshua Farley BioScienceTable of ContentsContents Acknowledgments Introduction: Social-Ecological Resilience and Law Ahjond S. Garmestani, Craig R. Allen, Craig Anthony Arnold, and Lance H. Gunderson 1. Wilderness Preserves: Still Relevant and Resilient After All These Years, by Sandi Zellmer and John M. Anderies 2. Bringing Resilience to Wildlife Management and Biodiversity Protection, by Melinda Harm Benson and Matthew E. Hopton 3. Landscape Level Management of Parks, Refuges, and Preserves for Ecosystem Resilience, by Robert L. Glicksman and Graeme S. Cumming 4. Marine Protected Areas, Marine Spatial Planning, and the Resilience of Marine Ecosystems, by Robin Kundis Craig and Terry P. Hughes 5. Resilience and Water Governance: Addressing Fragmentation and Uncertainty in Water Allocation and Water Quality Law, by Barbara A. Cosens and Craig A. Stow 6. Institutionalized Cooperation and Resilience in Transboundary Freshwater Allocation, by Olivia Odom Green and Charles Perrings 7. Ecosystem Services, Ecosystem Resilience, and Resilience of Ecosystem Management Policy, J. B. Ruhl and F. Stuart Chapin III 8. Maintaining Resilience in the Face of Climate Change, by Alejandro E. Camacho and T. Douglas Beard 9. Matching Scales of Law with Social-Ecological Contexts to Promote Resilience, by Jonas Ebbesson and Carl Folke 10. Incorporating Resilience and Innovation into Law and Policy: A Case for Preserving a Natural Resource Legacy and Promoting a Sustainable Future, by Tarsha Eason, Alyson C. Flournoy, Heriberto Cabezas, and Michael A. Gonzalez 11. Adaptive Law, Craig Anthony Arnold and Lance H. Gunderson 12. The Integration of Social-Ecological Resilience and Law, by Ahjond S. Garmestani, Craig R. Allen, J. B. Ruhl, and C. S. Holling Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThis book not only provides a conceptual backbone but also gives particular examples and specific proposals that will be of great interest to lawyers and agency managers. The text will be a major help to legal reformers and implementers struggling with this important and timely issue. -- Robert L. Fischman, Indiana University Maurer School of Law An excellent and timely account of how the law does influence, could influence, and should influence resilience in linked social-ecological systems. I strongly recommend this volume to natural resource management researchers and practitioners. -- Brian Walker, author of Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World This pathbreaking book brings together leading scholars who offer new thinking on how law might better be reconciled with resilience science. This means more than simply tinkering with existing approaches to management of natural resources. It requires building resilience into social-ecological systems, including the law itself. This is no small undertaking, and this book sets us on the right path by raising many of the necessary questions. -- Bradley C. Karkkainen, University of Minnesota Law School Social-Ecological Resilience and Law turns compelling theories into practical suggestions for building a more resilient future and should be read by academics and policymakers alike. -- Joshua Farley BioScienceTable of ContentsContents Acknowledgments Introduction: Social-Ecological Resilience and Law Ahjond S. Garmestani, Craig R. Allen, Craig Anthony Arnold, and Lance H. Gunderson 1. Wilderness Preserves: Still Relevant and Resilient After All These Years, by Sandi Zellmer and John M. Anderies 2. Bringing Resilience to Wildlife Management and Biodiversity Protection, by Melinda Harm Benson and Matthew E. Hopton 3. Landscape Level Management of Parks, Refuges, and Preserves for Ecosystem Resilience, by Robert L. Glicksman and Graeme S. Cumming 4. Marine Protected Areas, Marine Spatial Planning, and the Resilience of Marine Ecosystems, by Robin Kundis Craig and Terry P. Hughes 5. Resilience and Water Governance: Addressing Fragmentation and Uncertainty in Water Allocation and Water Quality Law, by Barbara A. Cosens and Craig A. Stow 6. Institutionalized Cooperation and Resilience in Transboundary Freshwater Allocation, by Olivia Odom Green and Charles Perrings 7. Ecosystem Services, Ecosystem Resilience, and Resilience of Ecosystem Management Policy, J. B. Ruhl and F. Stuart Chapin III 8. Maintaining Resilience in the Face of Climate Change, by Alejandro E. Camacho and T. Douglas Beard 9. Matching Scales of Law with Social-Ecological Contexts to Promote Resilience, by Jonas Ebbesson and Carl Folke 10. Incorporating Resilience and Innovation into Law and Policy: A Case for Preserving a Natural Resource Legacy and Promoting a Sustainable Future, by Tarsha Eason, Alyson C. Flournoy, Heriberto Cabezas, and Michael A. Gonzalez 11. Adaptive Law, Craig Anthony Arnold and Lance H. Gunderson 12. The Integration of Social-Ecological Resilience and Law, by Ahjond S. Garmestani, Craig R. Allen, J. B. Ruhl, and C. S. Holling Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisThis new and updated edition is essential for those wanting to understand the limits to collective action on global environmental problems. It develops and applies the tools of regime analysis to the question of how the various global commons are, or fail to be, governed effectively.Trade Review"...a welcome revision of a valuable book..." ---- Aslib Book Guide, August 2000Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition International Agreements on the Global Commons Abbreviations and Acronyms 1 The Governance of the Commons The Nature of the Commons The Global Commons The 'Tragedy of the Commons' Governance and Regimes Notes 2 Regime Analysis Issue Areas Actors Principles and Norms Decision-making Procedures Rules Regime Change Notes 3 The Oceans The Law of the Sea Whaling Marine Pollution The Deep Seabed Summary Notes 4 Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty System - A Single Regime Principles and Norms Organization and Procedures Rules Monitoring and Enforcement Scientific Activity Summary Notes 5 Outer Space The Space Commons and Space Law Military Uses Environment and Space Debris Information Flow Orbit and Spectrum Summary Notes 6 The Atmosphere Stratospheric Ozone Climate Change Summary Notes 7 Regime Effectiveness Effectiveness as International Law Effectiveness as Transfer of Authority Effectiveness as Behaviour Modification Effectiveness as Problem Solving Regime Assessment Notes 8 Explaining Regime Incidence and Change Structural Explanations Utilitarian Explanations Plural Interests and Values Changing Cognitions - Epistemic Communities A Synthesis? Notes 9 Conclusion Global and Local Commons Multi-layer Governance Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisThe Antarctic Treaty regime is a uniquely successful legal system which preserves Antarctica for peaceful purposes and guarantees freedom of scientific research. This volume based on an international conference, examines the legal, political and environmental issues that it raises. After setting the scene of the Antarctic environment, the early chapters discuss the legal issues involved in the Treaty. Later chapters consider protection of the marine environment and the regulation of mineral exploitation. The book concludes with a discussion of Antarctica and its development.Table of ContentsPart I. Antarctica: physical environment and scientific research: 1. Introduction; 2. The Antarctic physical environment D. J. Drewry; 3. Scientific opportunities in the Antarctic R. M. Laws; Part II. The Antarctic Treaty regime: legal issues: 4. Introduction; 5. The Antarctic scene: legal and political facts R. Trolle-Andersen; 6. The Antarctic Treaty system: a viable alternative for the regulation of resource-oriented activities F. Orrego Vicuna; 7. The relevance of Antarctica to the lawyer Hazel Fox; 8. The Antarctic Treaty system: some jurisdictional problems G. D. Triggs; Part III. The Antarctic Treaty regime: protecting the marine environment: 9. Introduction; 10. The Antarctic Treaty system as a resource management mechanism J. A. Gulland; 11. Regulated development and conservation of Antarctic resources M. W. Holdgate; 12. Recent developments in Antarctic conservation W. N. Bonner; 13. Environmental protection and the future of the Antarctic: new approaches and perspectives are necessary J. N. Barnes; Part IV. The Antarctic Treaty regime: minerals regulation: 14. Introduction; 15. Antarctic mineral resources: negotiations for a mineral resources regime A. D. Watts; 16. Mineral resources: commercial prospects for Antarctic minerals F. G. Larminie; 17. Negotiation of a minerals regime G. D. Triggs; Part V. Whither Antarctica? Future policies: 18. Introduction; 19. Current and future problems arising from activities in the Antarctic J. A. Heap; 20. Antarctica: the claims of 'expertise' versus 'interest' Zain-Azraai; 21. Whither Antarctica? Alternative strategies J. R. Rowland; Part VI: 22. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThe development of international wildlife law has been one of the most significant exercises in international law-making during the last fifty years. This second edition of Lyster's International Wildlife Law coincides with both the UN Year of Biological Diversity and the twenty-fifth anniversary of Simon Lyster's first edition. The risk of wildlife depletion and species extinction has become even greater since the 1980s. This new edition provides a clear and authoritative analysis of the key treaties which regulate the conservation of wildlife and habitat protection, and of the mechanisms available to make them work. The original text has also been significantly expanded to include analysis of the philosophical and welfare considerations underpinning wildlife protection, the cross-cutting themes of wildlife and trade, and the impact of climate change and other anthropogenic interferences with species and habitat. Lyster's International Wildlife Law is an indispensable reference work fTrade Review'The book closes on a cliff-hanger moment just before the events of the Tenth COP to the CBD, at which it was revealed - to nobody's surprise - that the international community had roundly failed to meet its 2010 commitments in halting global biodiversity loss. The reasons behind this collective failure are admirably covered in this excellent and highly recommended text, which shares the cautious optimism of the original in the potential of multilateral action to effect a genuine improvement in the conservation status of biodiversity … With this second edition, symbolically coinciding with a crucial year for international biodiversity law, the authors have produced a worthy successor to Lyster's celebrated original work.' Richard Caddell, Journal of Environmental LawTable of ContentsPart I. Foundations of International Wildlife Law: 1. The historical evolution of international wildlife law; 2. Wildlife and the international legal system; 3. The philosophical foundations of international wildlife law; 4. Implementation and enforcement of international wildlife law; Part II. Species Regulation: 5. Fish; 6. The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling; 7. Birds; Part III. Regional Wildlife Regulation: 8. The Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation in the Western Hemisphere; 9. The African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; 10. The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats; 11. Polar regions; 12. Other regional and sub-regional arrangements; Part IV. Global Wildlife Regulation: 13. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands; 14. World Heritage Convention; 15. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; 16. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals; Part V. Biological Diversity: A New Perspective on Wildlife Regulation: 17. The Biodiversity Convention and biosafety protocol; 18. Deserts, forests and mountains; Part VI. Cross-Sectoral Issues in Wildlife Regulation: 19. Wildlife and trade; 20. Wildlife and welfare; 21. Wildlife and pollution; Part VII. Conclusion: 22. Final reflections.

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Book SynopsisThis collection of essays discusses the extent to which considerations of justice and fairness have permeated the legal debate on environmental protection, examining their influence on policy choices relating to topics like climate change, protection of the stratospheric zone, trade, state borders and the conduct of warfare.Table of ContentsIntroduction: dimensions of justice in environmental law Jonas Ebbesson; Part I. The Notion of Justice in International Law: 2. The second cycle of ecological urgency: an environmental justice perspective Richard Falk; 3. Describing the elephant: international justice and environmental law Dinah Shelton; 4. Law, justice and rights: some implications of a global perspective William Twining; 5. Gender and environmental law and justice?: thoughts on sustainable masculinities Hanne Petersen; Part II. Public Participation and Access to the Judiciary: 6. Participatory rights in natural resource management: the role of communities in south Asia Jona Razzaque; 7. Public participation and the challenges of environmental justice in China Qun Du; 8. Environmental justice through courts in countries in economic transition Stephen Stec; 9. Environmental justice through environmental courts?: lessons learned from the Swedish experience Jan Darpö; 10. Environmental justice in the European Court of Justice Ludwig Krämer; 11. Environmental justice through international complaints procedures?: comparing the Aarhus Convention and the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation Malgosia Fitzmaurice; Part III. State Sovereignty and State Borders: 12. Environmental justice in situations of armed conflict Phoebe Okowa; 13. Sovereignty and environmental justice in international law André Nollkaemper; 14. Piercing the state veil in the pursuit of environmental justice Jonas Ebbesson; Part IV. North-South Concerns in Global Contexts: 15. Competing narratives of justice in north-south environmental relations: the case of ozone layer depletion Karin Mickelson; 16. Climate change, global environmental justice and international environmental law Jutta Brunée; 17. Justice in global environmental negotiations: the case of desertification Bo Kjellén; Part V. Access to Natural Resources: 18. Distributive justice and procedural fairness in global water law Ellen Hey; 19. Environmental justice in the use, knowledge and exploitation of genetic resources Philippe Cullet; 20. Law, gender and environmental resources: women's access to environmental justice in east Africa Patricia Kameri-Mbote; Part VI. Corporate Activities and Trade: 21. The polluter pays principle: dilemmas of justice in national and international contexts Hans Christian Bugge; 22. Corporate activities and environmental justice: perspectives on Sierra Leone's mining Priscilla Schwartz; 23. Environmental justice and international trade law Nicolas de Sadeleer.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the development of environmental law in the period since the ground-breaking 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development or âEarth Summitâ in Rio de Janeiro.Trade ReviewThe Rio Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 was a watershed in environmental law and sustainable development. It unleashed hopes and expectations particularly for the developing countries and the poor and disadvantaged in the global community. The editors have admirably, through a galaxy of leading and eminent intellectuals from the North and the South, analysed the promise of Rio and its impact in the last two decades. It is a remarkable balance sheet of success and failure, of achievements and disappointments. The narrative is compelling and gripping. A must-read for courses in environmental law and policy. --Parvez Hassan, Former Chair, IUCN Commission on Environmental Law, 1990-1996, President, Pakistan Environment Law AssociationThis volume is a timely addition which provides a review of the shortcomings of some crucial aspects of environmental law and policy, from which there are lessons to be learned. Environmental law specialists from universities around the world have contributed to this exceptional book. It offers valuable and wide-ranging insights and is highly recommended reading. --Nikita Lopoukhine, Chair, IUCN World Commission on Protected AreasTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: Environmental Law and Sustainability after Rio Jamie Benidickson, Ben Boer, Antonio Herman Benjamin and Karen Morrow PART I: HISTORY, PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF SUSTAINABILITY 2. Reflecting on Rio: Environmental Law in the Coming Decades Nicholas A. Robinson 3. Capacity Building in Environmental Law in African Universities Charles Odidi Okidi 4. Local Agenda 21: A Rights-based Approach to Local Environmental Governance Anél du Plessis 5. Brazilian ‘Socioambientalismo’ and Environmental Justice Fernanda de Salles Cavedon and Ricardo Stanziola Vieira 6. Risk Society and the Precautionary Principle Miriam Alfie Cohen and Adrián de Garay Sánchez 7. Measuring the Environment through Public Procurement Nicola Lugaresi PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS, ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND LIABILITY ISSUES 8. A Sustainable and Equitable Legal Order Werner Scholtz 9. The Courts and Public Participation in Environmental Decision- making Karen Morrow 10. Enchanced Access to Environmental Justice in Kenya Robert Kibugi 11. Towards a New Theory of Environmental Liability Without Proof of Damage José Juan González 12. Diffuse Damages in Environmental Torts in Brazil Arlindo Daibert PART III: NATURAL RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY 13. Transboundary Aquifers: Towards Substantive and Process Reform in Treaty-making Joseph W. Dellapenna and Flavia Rocha Loures 14. Achieving Sustainability: Plant Breeders’ and Farmers’ Rights Mekete Bekele Tekle PART IV: ENERGY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY 15. International Law and Sustainable Energy: A Portrait of Failure David Hodas 16. Cross-border Gas Pipelines and Sustainability in Southern Africa Willemien du Plessis 17. Is EU Climate Change Policy Legally Robust? Javier de Cendra de Larragán 18. Combating Climate Change in Uganda Emmanuel Kasimbazi PART V: NATURE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY 19. Contractual Tools for Implementing the CBD in South Africa Alexander Paterson 20. Mangrove Swamps and Sustainability Marcelo Nogueira Camargos and Solange Teles da Silva 21. The Amazonian Treaty and Harmonisation of Environmental Legislation José Augusto Fontoura Costa, Solange Teles da Silva and Fernanda Sola Index

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Book SynopsisThis important and timely book provides a rigorous overview of the defining issues presently facing conservation at international level.Trade ReviewA major work: this book provides a comprehensive picture of the international legal challenges of natural heritage conservation. Truly an indispensable tool for policy-makers, experts and students. The book offers a complete guide to the complex world of treaties that regulate conservation at the global scale. --Francesco Bandarin, UNESCO Assistant Director-General for CultureThis book is written by a prominent and influential scholar who also has the benefit of first hand knowledge of practical working of environmental regimes, having participated in several important negotiations. Gillespie's monograph therefore stands out among other publications on the subject of conservation, combining thoughtful and scholarly approach to issues raised with un-parallel insights into the working of environmental law and the conservation of biodiversity. The book is very original in its presentation of this subject, especially in the selection of topics and the approach which is not only legal but also scientific, philosophical and political. This book is evidence of the great erudition of the author not only in the field of conservation but also in international environmental law and general international law, an example of which can be his analysis of the precautionary principle, trade and a very complex issue of the exception for indigenous peoples and science. Mention also must be made of his detailed approach to various multilateral treaty regimes such as Ramsar Convention and the World Heritage Convention. Gillespie wrote an exceptional book which is a must for international layers, both practitioners and scholars. It is a thought-provoking, very well researched and original monograph, which due to its all- encompassing approach will retain its importance for a very long period of time. --Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Queen Mary, University of London, UKThe book is an important contribution to environmental literature and specifically to environmental law internationally. International lawyers, both practitioners and academic lawyers alike - as well as policymakers - will welcome this thorough, scholarly and readable monograph as a must-have addition to their libraries. --Phillip Taylor MBE and Elizabeth Taylor, The Barrister MagazineTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Species and Areas 3. Extinct and Endangered 4. Classifications 5. Tangible Benefits 6. Intangible Considerations 7. Habitat 8. Trade 9. Exceptions for Indigenous Peoples, Science and the Military 10. Aliens, Disease, Pests, and Genetically Modified Species 11. Incidental Capture 12. Development 13. Overlaps and Gaps 14. Compliance 15. Compliance on the High Seas 16. Management 17. Access and Benefit Sharing 18. Local Peoples, Education and Finance 19. Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisThis state-of-the-art Dictionary defines terms employed in international agreements, national legislation and scholarly legal studies related to comparative and international environmental law and the emerging law of climate change.Trade ReviewThis dictionary's unique aspect is that the terms (but not he definitions) are translated into both Chinese characters and Mandarin Pinyin formats... The editors perform a valuable service by helping to diminish the confusion that inevitably arises when representatives of very different legal cultures must work together... Recommended. --T.H. Koenig, ChoiceThere seems to me to be a need for a reference source giving clear and accurate definitions for students of international law who need to know about climate change and the environment. This book can be recommended as a useful step in the right direction. --Martin Guba, Reference ReviewsTable of ContentsContents: Introduction and User’s Guide Dictionary of Environmental and Climate Change Law References

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the development of environmental law in the period since the ground-breaking 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development or âEarth Summitâ in Rio de Janeiro.Trade ReviewThe Rio Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 was a watershed in environmental law and sustainable development. It unleashed hopes and expectations particularly for the developing countries and the poor and disadvantaged in the global community. The editors have admirably, through a galaxy of leading and eminent intellectuals from the North and the South, analysed the promise of Rio and its impact in the last two decades. It is a remarkable balance sheet of success and failure, of achievements and disappointments. The narrative is compelling and gripping. A must-read for courses in environmental law and policy. --Parvez Hassan, Former Chair, IUCN Commission on Environmental Law, 1990-1996, President, Pakistan Environment Law AssociationThis volume is a timely addition which provides a review of the shortcomings of some crucial aspects of environmental law and policy, from which there are lessons to be learned. Environmental law specialists from universities around the world have contributed to this exceptional book. It offers valuable and wide-ranging insights and is highly recommended reading. --Nikita Lopoukhine, Chair, IUCN World Commission on Protected AreasTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: Environmental Law and Sustainability after Rio Jamie Benidickson, Ben Boer, Antonio Herman Benjamin and Karen Morrow PART I: HISTORY, PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF SUSTAINABILITY 2. Reflecting on Rio: Environmental Law in the Coming Decades Nicholas A. Robinson 3. Capacity Building in Environmental Law in African Universities Charles Odidi Okidi 4. Local Agenda 21: A Rights-based Approach to Local Environmental Governance Anél du Plessis 5. Brazilian ‘Socioambientalismo’ and Environmental Justice Fernanda de Salles Cavedon and Ricardo Stanziola Vieira 6. Risk Society and the Precautionary Principle Miriam Alfie Cohen and Adrián de Garay Sánchez 7. Measuring the Environment through Public Procurement Nicola Lugaresi PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS, ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND LIABILITY ISSUES 8. A Sustainable and Equitable Legal Order Werner Scholtz 9. The Courts and Public Participation in Environmental Decision- making Karen Morrow 10. Enchanced Access to Environmental Justice in Kenya Robert Kibugi 11. Towards a New Theory of Environmental Liability Without Proof of Damage José Juan González 12. Diffuse Damages in Environmental Torts in Brazil Arlindo Daibert PART III: NATURAL RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY 13. Transboundary Aquifers: Towards Substantive and Process Reform in Treaty-making Joseph W. Dellapenna and Flavia Rocha Loures 14. Achieving Sustainability: Plant Breeders’ and Farmers’ Rights Mekete Bekele Tekle PART IV: ENERGY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY 15. International Law and Sustainable Energy: A Portrait of Failure David Hodas 16. Cross-border Gas Pipelines and Sustainability in Southern Africa Willemien du Plessis 17. Is EU Climate Change Policy Legally Robust? Javier de Cendra de Larragán 18. Combating Climate Change in Uganda Emmanuel Kasimbazi PART V: NATURE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY 19. Contractual Tools for Implementing the CBD in South Africa Alexander Paterson 20. Mangrove Swamps and Sustainability Marcelo Nogueira Camargos and Solange Teles da Silva 21. The Amazonian Treaty and Harmonisation of Environmental Legislation José Augusto Fontoura Costa, Solange Teles da Silva and Fernanda Sola Index

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Book SynopsisHow can America get back to an energy transition that''s good for the economyandthe environment? That''s the question at the heart of this eye-opening and richly informative dissection of the Trump administration''s energy policy. The policywasardently pro-fossil fuel and ferociously anti-regulation,implementedby manipulating science and economic analysis, putting oil and gas insiders at the helm of environmental agencies, and hacking away at democratic norms that once enjoyed bipartisan support. The impacts on the nation''s health, economy, and environment were - as this book carefully demonstrates - dire. But the damage can be reversed. Ordinary Americans, civil society groups, environmental professionals, and politicians at every level all have parts to play in making sure the needed energy transition leaves no one behind. This compelling book will appeal to course instructors and students, government and industry officials, activists and journalists, and everyone concerned about thTrade Review'With America's Energy Gamble, public policy expert Shanti Gamper-Rabindran lays out a stark case that powerful oil and gas interests have, with considerable help from the outgoing Trump administration, gained control of the lever arms of our energy and environmental policy apparatus. Our economic competitiveness, the health of our environment, and the livability of our planet are all now threatened. Read this book to be informed about the threat and armed with the knowledge of what can be done in the Biden era to undo the damage and right the course.' Michael E. Mann, Penn State University; author of The New Climate War'America's Energy Gamble deserves a wide audience. It makes two important contributions to our understanding of the Trump era. As the first book-length treatment of Trump's aggressive environmental deregulation, it thoroughly exposes the tenuous moorings of that campaign, including its shaky connection to its economic goals. Equally importantly, it reveals the affirmative side of Trump's agenda: not just opposition to business regulation of every kind (though that was a factor), but the vision of fossil fuels as a route to national prosperity.' Dan Farber, University of California, Berkeley; author of Contested Ground: How to Understand the Limits of Presidential Power'The book traces how US decades-long policies to favor oil and gas extraction, while running rough shod over communities in “energy sacrifice zones,” paved the way for the Trump administration's destructive policies. It highlights how the administration's anti-science and anti-democratic decision-making perpetuated the grip of the oil and gas industry when economic prudence and human survival demand a transition to renewable energy.' Daniel Kammen, University of California, Berkeley and Senior Advisor for Energy, Climate & Innovation, US Agency for International Development'In detailing the actions and consequences of four years of the Trump Administration, Professor Gamper-Rabindran has wisely focused in on one important sector: US oil and gas. Her target audience is both scholars and the informed public, a target she has reached admirably, despite the difficulties in avoiding appearing partisan. Her writing is very readable, well-documented, comprehensive and enlightening.' Charles D. Kolstad, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, and author of Environmental Economics'A critical reflection on the barrage of Trump Administration deregulation in the oil and gas sector at the expense of public and environmental health. She [Gamper-Rabindran] methodically reviews why and how this deregulation occurred alongside the effects of these processes on Americans as efforts are made to transition away from oil and gas, and international initiatives are undertaken to address threats posed by climate change...an incredibly timely read that shows, based on the impacts of Trump-era oil and gas expansion and deregulation, how cynical, self-serving, and dangerous those developments would be for the country's economy, public health, and climate.' Alaina Boyle, Human EcologyTable of Contents1. Introduction; Part I. America's Energy; 2. Oil and gas: the quest for energy dominance; 3. Renewable energy: setbacks, successes and strategies for the energy transition; Part II. America's Lands; 4. Public and private lands: extraction and infrastructure versus competing economic pursuits; 5. Native American lands: respect for tribes' rights vs. encroachment; Part III. America's Seas; 6. Oceans: drilling v. competing use of coasts and seas; 7. Backtracking on safety: risking another BP oil spill; Part IV. America's Regulatory Process. 8. Science: undermining facts to understate regulatory benefits; 9. Economics: skewing analyses to justify weaker regulations; 10. Law: anti-regulatory statutory interpretations and reshaping the judiciary; Part V. The Global Climate; 11. Endangering the climate: attacking global cooperation, state governments' leadership and the private sector's economic restructuring; 12. America at crossroads.

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Book SynopsisThis contemporary textbook and manual for aspiring or new environmental managers provides the theory and practical examples needed to understand current environmental issues and trends. Each chapter explains the specific skills and concepts needed for today''s successful environmental manager, and provides skill development exercises that allow students to relate theory to practice in the profession. Readers will obtain an understanding not only of the field, but also of how professional accountability, evolving science, social equity, and politics affect their work. This foundational textbook provides the scaffolds to allow students to understand the environmental regulatory infrastructure, and how to create partnerships to solve environmental problems ethically and implement successful environmental programs.Trade Review'As a natural resource manager and professional, the book, while environmental management focused, is still relevant, as many of the trends and discussions occur in my world the same as they appear in the environmental management sphere. It's a great book for being able to begin to understand the ever changing and evolving world of environmental management, and I'm glad Professor Lame and Dr. Marcantonio wrote this book to keep the material relevant.' Ben Weise, Contra Costa Resources Conservation District'Environmental Management offers sage advice, grounded in practical realities, for ethical and effective management of pollution and natural resource problems. Lame and Marcantonio have written a fantastic textbook, filled with real-world examples and concrete lessons, that instructors will find valuable for training future environmental leaders.' David Konisky, Indiana University'Bill Gates believes that environmental issues - climate disruption, in particular - are the most important issues facing companies, and thus the managers running them. Environmental Management: Concepts and Practical Skills is an extremely timely book addressing the challenges that executives will face in the decades to come. It is useful to college professors, students, and practitioners in their careers.' Jeff Anstine, North Central College'In an era when environmental management is often clouded by partisan politics and rhetoric, this book is a breath of fresh air teaching the next generation how to manage for the environment.' Rosemary O'Leary, University of Kansas'The textbook is full of insightful details, from emphasizing that environmental management is managing both people and nature, to highlighting the importance of understanding the scale, effect, and history of an issue at hand, and using past knowledge to inform decisions while anticipating future conditions. It challenges prospective and seasoned environmental managers with tough but necessary questions, evaluating your effectiveness and inclusion of equitable practices.' Brian Watts, Flood-Prepared Communities initiative, The Pew Charitable TrustsTable of ContentsFigures; Real-world examples, author's notes, and interviews from the field; Preface; 1. Introduction to environmental management; 2. Roles of the environmental manager in a tri-sectoral world; 3. Issues and legal trends that impact your environmental management; 4. Environmental regulation; 5. Navigating the environmental regulatory infrastructure; 6. Ethical environmental management and communication; 7. It begins with a plan. Strategic planning and diffusion of innovations; 8. Managing for compliance & performance. 'Driving between the ditches'; 9. Managing the experts; 10. Managing others to do your job. Contracting; 11. Understanding and influencing policy for better environmental management; 12. Looking forward; Case study. The case of implementing a pollution prevention program to reduce the risks of pests and pesticides in children; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by an award-winning historian of science and technology, Planet in Peril describes the top four mega-dangers facing humankind climate change, nukes, pandemics, and artificial intelligence. It outlines the solutions that have been tried, and analyzes why they have thus far fallen short. These four existential dangers present a special kind of challenge that urgently requires planet-level responses, yet today''s international institutions have so far failed to meet this need. The book lays out a realistic pathway for gradually modifying the United Nations over the coming century so that it can become more effective at coordinating global solutions to humanity''s problems. Neither optimistic nor pessimistic, but pragmatic and constructive, the book explores how to move past ideological polarization and global political fragmentation. Unafraid to take intellectual risks, Planet in Peril sketches a plausible roadmap toward a safer, more democratic future for us all.Trade Review'The term 'existential threat' may be overused by those who explore global governance; but it undoubtedly describes climate change and pandemics, two of the four mega-dangers that preoccupy Michael Bess in Planet in Peril. It is hard to believe that international cooperation remains a tough sell in 2022. Imagine: global problems require global solutions! Bess spells out concrete, and hopefully doable, steps toward overcoming polarization and fragmentation. Let's hope he's right.' Thomas G. Weiss, CUNY Graduate Center'We are threatened by our own cleverness, and it is easy to get paranoid. This book, by one of our best historians of science and technology, offers a sane, balanced, and deeply informed look at the major threats and lays out a rational way forward.' Donald Worster, author of Shrinking the Earth and A Passion for Nature'In Planet in Peril, Michael Bess brings his singular voice, intellectual courage, and good judgment to bear on the four mega-dangers facing humankind – climate change, nuclear weapons, pandemics, and artificial intelligence. He avoids the simplistic thinking that characterizes too much of the public debate on these issues and offers insightful, viable solutions. It is one of those rare books that is both a joy to read and a roadmap for solving daunting problems.' Michael Vandenbergh, Vanderbilt University'Written in vivid prose and combining history, science, technology, and politics in reflection and analysis, Planet in Peril offers a single explanatory framework for understanding these seemingly disparate challenges, sketching a plausible roadmap toward a safer, more democratic future for us all.' Josh Hamel, Chapter 16, a Publication of Humanities TennesseeTable of Contents1. Introduction; Part I. Existential Threats: The Four Most Pressing Dangers Facing Humankind: 2. Fossil fuels and climate change; 3. Nukes for war and peacetime; 4. Pandemics, natural or bioengineered; 5. Artificial intelligence: extreme reward and risk; Part II. Strategies and Obstacles: The Solutions We Need, and What's Preventing them from Being Realized: 6. How to beat climate change; 7. Wise governance for nukes and pandemics: where to go faster and where to slow down; 8. Controlling things vs. controlling agents: the challenge of high-level AI 160; 9. The international dimension: where every solution stumbles; Prologue to Parts III, IV, and V: Does history have a direction? Hegel, Smith, Darwin; Part III. Sensible Steps for Today's World: Powerful Measures we Can Implement Right Away: 10. Do it now: five points of leverage; 11. Constructive moves on the international front for the next 25 years; 12. Breaking the political logjam; 13. Lessons from the green movement: how to build lasting change in the absence of full consensus; Part IV. The Middle-Term Goal: New International Tools for the Late 21st Century: 14. A promising track record: the dramatic growth of international institutions and networks since 1900; 15. How to escape the sovereignty trap: lessons and limitations of the EU Model; 16. Taking the UN up a notch: planet-level solutions for the year 2100; 17. The other path to 2100: ruthless competition, fingers crossed; Part V. The Long-Term Goal: Envisioning a Mature System of Global Governance for the 22nd Century: 18. Global government in a world of democracies and dictatorships: what it might look like in 2150; 19. Keeping the system accountable and fair; 20. Collective military security and economic sanctions: how to handle rogues, cheaters, and fanatics; 21. What could go wrong?; 22. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisIn light of the UN General Assemblyâs recognition of the human right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment, this erudite book presents in-depth analyses of the concrete operationalization of this right at the regional, national, and international level.

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Book SynopsisGreenhouse gas concentrations are rapidly increasing and as a result, fundamental economic transitions are needed to limit global warming. This essential book examines the climate and energy policies of selected jurisdictions in Europe and East Asia that have vowed to become carbon neutral.Trade Review‘No matter whether from the perspective of emissions and from that of carbon neutrality, the climate and energy law and policy in the EU and East Asia is vital for global climate governance. The book examines comprehensively and insightfully climate law, energy law, and transition and cooperation respectively in EU and East Asia, which provides a solid foundation and important conclusions for comparing laws and practices in different jurisdictions.’ -- Tianbao Qin, Wuhan University, China‘Prof. Stefan Weishaar and colleagues made a superb analysis of multiple aspects of climate and energy law and policy in the EU and East Asia, including the challenges of transition and the possibilities of cooperation! A must read!’ -- Kurt Deketelaere, KU Leuven, Belgium and University of Helsinki, FinlandTable of ContentsContents: 1 Climate and energy law and policy in the EU and East Asia 1 Stefan E. Weishaar and Eunjung Kim PART I CLIMATE CHANGE PERSPECTIVES 2 South Korean green growth and climate change policies 13 Eiji Sawada 3 China’s climate change governance: a perspective from the development of carbon emission trading systems 31 Bingyu Liu 4 Three decades of learning-by-doing: the evolving climate change mitigation policy of the European Union 47 Kati Kulovesi and Harro van Asselt PART II ENERGY PERSPECTIVES 5 China’s energy policy: towards energy transition 70 Xiaoping Zhang 6 A decade of EU energy policy 103 Claudia Kettner and Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig 7 The Dutch and German coal exit: an impact analysis of policymaking 131 Sami Madani PART III TRANSITION AND COOPERATION 8 Green deal transition and cooperation 154 Stefan E. Weishaar 9 Linking ETS in China, Japan and South Korea: process, alignments and future management 181 Joseph Dellatte and Sven Rudolph Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review‘This book is situated at the fascinating and insufficiently explored interface between EU and international environmental law. More specifically, in light of the EU’s legal framework, it considers how the EU may or may not use compliance mechanisms established by international agreements to further its environmental objectives. Rich in examples, context and doctrinal analysis, this book makes an important contribution to our understanding of the relationship between EU and public international law.’ -- Joanne Scott, European University Institute‘Through the lens of compliance mechanisms, this topical book thoroughly analyses the tension between the EU’s brief to internationalise its environmental action and the boundaries set by EU law itself. It offers an original perspective on how the EU needs to find ways to square international environmental action and its claim to autonomy.’ -- Ramses A. Wessel, University of Groningen, the NetherlandsTable of ContentsContents: 1. Setting the scene: rising tensions in the EU’s external environmental action 2. Global environmental pressures, the EU and effective environmental treaties 3. Compliance mechanisms and their contribution to effective environmental treaties 4. Establishing compliance mechanisms and working with EU law boundaries 5. Participating in compliance mechanisms and relying on EU law principles 6. Deciding under compliance mechanisms and making it matter for EU law 7. Final reflections and conclusions: multilateral compliance mechanisms as part of EU environmental law Annex: The EU’s environmental treaties with compliance mechanisms Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review'The planetary boundaries concept provides an ideal framework for connecting science with law at the global level. This book explores this connection in great detail, from our undeniable need for limits and the fundamental concepts of ethics, justice and governance to the comprehensive assessment of the legal implications of each of the individual boundaries.' -- - Will Steffen, The Australian National University'Co-edited by Duncan French and Louis Kotz - two of the foremost scholars in the field of environmental law in the era of the Anthropocene - this Research Handbook is the first comprehensive attempt to investigate, from a legal perspective, the human dimensions of scientific concepts of planetary boundaries. The book brings together a fascinating series of contributions from some of the leading legal thinkers in the field. At a time when raging fires and other ''unprecedented'' environmental disasters are providing increasing evidence of the consequences of failing to respect planetary limits, this book is a timely and important reminder of the contribution that can be made by law in ensuring that humanity and our environment remain within the planet's ''safe operating space''.' -- -- Jacqueline Peel, University of Melbourne, Australia'If international environmental law is to stay relevant in the face of overwhelming evidence of its inability to address the galloping environmental harms humanity is witnessing, it needs to embrace a fundamental reset of its premises, conceptual pillars, and governance models. Such a reset requires imagination -- imagination that is outrageous in its ambition and fuelled by outrage. This Research Handbook, edited by two of the finest international environmental law scholars of our time, Duncan French and Louis Kotz, is a work of such outrageous imagination. It challenges legal boundaries in its quest to protect planetary ones, and in so doing takes us closer to law and governance fit for environmental purpose.' -- - Lavanya Rajamani, University of Oxford, UKTable of ContentsContents: Foreword xi Preface xii 1 Staying within the planet’s ‘safe operating space’? Law and the planetary boundaries 1 Louis J. Kotzé and Duncan French PART I LEGAL, ETHICAL AND GOVERNANCE DIMENSIONS OF THE PLANETARY BOUNDARIES 2 Exploring the planetary boundaries and environmental law: historical development, interactions and synergies 21 Alice Bleby, Cameron Holley and Ben Milligan 3 Governing the complexity of planetary boundaries: a state-of-the-art analysis of social science scholarship 45 Rakhyun E. Kim and Louis J. Kotzé 4 Planetary boundaries, planetary ethics and climate justice in the Anthropocene 65 Sam Adelman 5 Science, law and planetary uncertainty 84 Lynda Collins 6 Planetary boundaries intra muros : cities and the Anthropocene 103 Helmut Philipp Aust and Janne E. Nijman PART II INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE PLANETARY BOUNDARIES 7 Planetary boundaries and regime interaction in international law 125 Dario Piselli and Harro van Asselt 8 Changing role of law-making in responding to planetary boundaries? 147 Giovanna M. Frisso and Elizabeth A. Kirk 9 International law, planetary boundaries and teleconnections 167 Ellen Hey 10 Compliance with planetary boundaries in international law 183 Jonas Ebbesson 11 Exploring the planetary boundaries’ wasteland: international law and the advent of the Molysmocene 203 Michael Hennessy Picard and Olivier Barsalou PART III PLANETARY BOUNDARIES AND THE LAW 12 Loss of biosphere integrity (biodiversity loss and extinctions) 221 Han Somsen and Arie Trouwborst 13 Climate change 245 Jonathan Verschuuren 14 Stratospheric ozone depletion 260 Louise du Toit 15 Atmospheric aerosol loading 277 Leslie-Anne Duvic-Paoli and Emily Webster 16 Ocean acidification 294 Tim Stephens 17 Nitrogen and phosphorus flows to the biosphere and oceans 309 Daniela Diz 18 Freshwater consumption and the global hydrological cycle 324 Nathan John Cooper 19 Land system change 342 Karen Morrow 20 Chemical pollution (and the release of novel entities) 363 Tiina Paloniitty, Chukwukpee Nzegwu and Duncan French Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review‘This impressive book brings together and adds to the unique, creative, and thoughtful legal possibilities David Favre has posited for achieving meaningful improvements in the lives of animals. Built on a carefully argued ethical framework and focussing on companion animals - especially dogs - as a means of emotional and political engagement - Favre addresses a significant gap in much animal law scholarship. He is able to shift from a diagnosis of shortcomings in the law affecting animals to a rich account of a host of legal reforms - both modest and significant - which might be pursued. The book is highly readable, clear-sighted, and ultimately optimistic about the prospects of legal change for the betterment of the animals with which we share our lives and the planet.‘Table of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction to The Future of Animal Law : it’s a dog’s world 2. The arc of history: anti-cruelty, animal welfare, and animal rights 3. The modification of property law 4. The ethical framework for legal rights 5. Green shoots in law for companion animals 6. Animals in international law 7. Sovereign power and constitutional law in developing animal law 8. New legislation for the animals 9. Animal action in the courts 10. Private actions concerning ownership of animals 11. Final thoughts on the future of animal law Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review'Teaching and Learning in Environmental Law is a landmark contribution to environmental law scholarship as the first book to be devoted entirely to different teaching methodologies for environmental law. The editors and authors are leading names and recognized professors of environmental law. This book will quickly become an essential resource for environmental law scholars in all parts of the world and from all legal systems engaged in the teaching of environmental law.' -- Nilüfer Oral, Centre for International Law, National University of Singapore, Singapore and Member of the UN International Law Commission'This book represents a real breakthrough. It is the first to explore in depth how to overcome the daunting challenges of teaching environmental law. The field's rapid growth during the last half century has made it more important than ever, but also more difficult, to understand how law seeks to combat environmental problems. The book examines a rich variety of approaches to teaching environmental law through the experienced eyes of a multinational group of outstanding teachers and scholars. It offers fresh insights that will be of great value no matter how long one has been teaching in this field.' -- Robert Percival, University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law, US'Teaching and Learning in Environmental Law is a highly recommended book for all teachers of environmental law around the world. This edited collection contains carefully curated articles showing a wide range of teaching methodologies that could be applied in differing contexts. Considering the many challenges that frequently arise in teaching environmental law, this book reveals fresh perspectives and inspiring accounts which were gained from experience by the different contributors in the book. The book provides a compilation of narratives and lessons from tried-and-tested learning approaches that takes one inside and beyond the four walls of the classroom.For most teachers, competence in teaching is often honed by experience. This book, therefore, allows one to embark on a journey of self-reflection as one sifts through the information shared by each contributor. In the end, one emerges hopeful, inspired and ready to take on the challenges of teaching environmental law in a complex, fast-changing world. Indeed, many teachers of environmental law will greatly benefit from the treasure trove of teaching materials found in this book.Environmental law has become a widely recognized discipline in legal education today. It is, thus, vital for teachers of environmental law to teach and learn how to be effective teachers in environmental law. The Teaching and Learning in Environmental Law book can be an essential part of the teaching arsenal of every teacher of environmental law.' -- Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio, University of Cebu School of Law, Philippines'In all modern societies, the protection of the environment lies mainly in the hands of public authorities, which grant permits, plan and realise infrastructure projects, fight - or do not fight - pollution, and deal with resource issues. This means that a great number of those who study environmental law will later occupy posts in transport, energy, local administrations or in economy. It is vital that they understand ecological concerns, environmental impairment and the need to integrate environmental issues into their day-to-day decisions.This book offers a wealth of new ideas for how to teach environmental law in a way that reaches the mind and at the same time the heart of students. The examples stem mainly from Anglo-Saxon countries, but offer enough flexible ways of teaching that they are of use to environmental teachers all over the world. And the examples are not limited to environmental law teaching and learning: indeed, as the protection of our planet is of general vital interest, any teacher may usefully adapt his teaching methods to examples that are given in the book, whether he teaches at a high school, a primary school, a university or in vocational courses. The whole book centers around the question of how to bring the message of the necessity to conserve this planet into the minds and hearts of the students.A very welcome and necessary book, which deserves - and needs! - many readers and is indispensable for any teacher of environmental policy, law, economy, or science.' -- Ludwig Krämer, Derecho y Medio Ambiente S.L., Spain

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Book SynopsisTrade Review‘What is the future of environmental law? You might find answers, and at least insightful hints, from this wonderful literature. This book examines, based on analysis of previous experiences of environmental law, the possible challenges and innovative development of environmental law at international, regional and national levels. I believe the book could provide valuable insights to decision-makers and academia.’ -- Tianbao Qin, Wuhan University, China‘This important collection shows how environmental law has made many advances over the past decades, but that it does not adequately protect the planet yet. A wide range of excellent contributions covering many topics show a way forward towards more effective environmental law.’ -- Jonathan Verschuuren, Tilburg Law School, the NetherlandsTable of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction to The Future of Environmental Law 1 Kars J. de Graaf and Stefan E. Weishaar PART I THE PROFOUND ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 2 Governing the ocean in the Anthropocene era: area-based management as a tool to promote the socialisation of the law of the sea 14 Vonintsoa Rafaly 3 An insufficient tool for sustainable development: limitations of systemic integration under Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 30 Kazuki Hagiwara 4 The role of principles of international environmental law in greening the interpretation of human rights: the case of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 49 Megan Donald PART II LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON SUSTAINABILITY 5 The legal dimension of sustainability 66 José Juan González Márquez 6 Sustainable management: political slogan or legal norm? 85 Trevor Daya-Winterbottom 7 In doubt when in favour of nature? Taking science seriously in the Anthropocene epoch 104 Mariana Coelho and Patryck Ayala 8 The principle of reparation: why the polluter-pays principle does not suffice and how to rebuild the law on environmental damage 121 Heloísa Oliveira PART III ENERGY 9 Renewables under the scrutiny of international investment law: the feed-in tariff 141 Monika Feigerlová 10 The proliferation of offshore renewable energy in European seas: the regulatory challenges of emerging technologies for EU environmental law 158 Nikolaos Giannopoulos 11 Environmental litigation before regional economic courts in Africa and Latin America 178 Sonja Kahl 12 The national green tribunal model to ensure environmental justice through collaboration 196 Masrur Salekin 13 People v Arctic Oil: Context, Judgment and Takeaways for Future Climate Litigation 215 Suryapratim Roy and Alexandru Gociu PART IV CASE STUDIES 14 A major future challenge for environmental law: salinization 236 Annalies Outhuijse, Tatia Brunings, and Ida Helene Groninga 15 Bringing nature back to agricultural land: bridging ambition and reality in agri-environmental governance 252 Edwin Alblas 16 Groundwater relevance for Brazilian semiarid development in the northeast: the need for protective environmental laws 271 Jose Irivaldo Alves Oliveira Silva Index

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Book SynopsisThis cutting-edge book considers the functional inseparability of risk and innovation within the context of environmental law and governance. Analysing both âhardâ and âsoftâ innovation, the book argues that approaches to socio-ecological risk require innovation in order for society and the environment to become more resilient.Trade Review‘Sindico, Switzer and Qin's prescient volume brings answers to some of the most crucial questions in law, and indeed, in society today. In a comprehensive analysis spanning topics from food and agriculture, to climate change and energy, it demonstrates the importance of understanding the connections between socio-ecological risk, legal innovation and ecological and societal resilience. It should have a place on the bookshelf of all legal scholars.’ -- Elizabeth Kirk, University of Lincoln, UK‘In the face of ongoing and emerging environmental pressures, the foundations of environmental law are rapidly changing, with new actors and new forms of regulation challenging existing preconceptions of how environmental law works. This book offers a timely look into the forces of risk, innovation and resilience underpinning and reflecting these changes. Sindico, Switzer and Qin have successfully brought together a diverse cast of established and early career scholars to shed new light on the dynamic evolution of environmental law.’ -- Harro van Asselt, University of Eastern Finland‘Never has environmental law been more paradoxical; the need for it so obvious whilst its impact seemingly less notable. Society is grappling not only with a wide range of challenges, across multiple sectors but how it confronts them is also changing. As the contributors to this book reveal, searching for answers and new ways of doing things is essential, whilst underlining the continual challenges of human folly. This collection opens up the conversation, revealing new insights and explores some of the ongoing problems.’ -- Duncan French, University of Lincoln, UKTable of ContentsContents: PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Risk, innovation and resilience: moving towards mutual supportiveness 2 Francesco Sindico, Stephanie Switzer and Qin Tianbao PART II INNOVATION 2 Fracking and environmental law for sustainability: an era of global ecological risks and the imperative of legal transformations 15 Patryck de Araújo Ayala and Mariana Carvalho Victor Coelho PART III RISK 3 Innovating societal response to radiation risk: insights from the Fukushima Safecast case 34 Anna Berti Suman 4 Drug pollution from manufacturing, antimicrobial resistance and the importation of pharmaceutical active ingredients from third countries. The European drug safety regime under scrutiny: key legal and institutional aspects, challenges and opportunities 51 Elodie Le Gal PART IV RESILIENCE 5 Evaluating community resilience in promoting ecological and social justice in groundwater governance: lessons from India 75 Stellina Jolly 6 Strengthening the role of traditional leaders for effective local community participation in environmental management in Malawi 93 Gift Dorothy Makanje PART V CLIMATE CHANGE 7 Integrating climate change into impact assessments: key design elements 112 Meinhard Doelle 8 ‘Innovation’ and the law in state reports on climate change action 130 He Xiangbai and Alexander Zahar 9 Climate change law and colonialism: the rights of nature and a hypothetical case for bison person in Canada 148 Laura S. Lynes PART VI ENERGY 10 Community renewable energy for sustainable development 168 Richard Ottinger, Tom Bourgeois, Robert Habermann and Achinthi Vithanage PART VII FRESHWATER 11 The construction of the Três Marias dam and the absence of public policies for the arrival of the waters in the municipality of Morada Nova de Minas in Brazil 190 Mônica Thaís Souza Ribeiro, Izabela Zanotelli Collares and Danuta R. N. de Souza Calazans PART VIII BIODIVERSITY AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND LAND, FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 12 Blockchain technology for food security? Resilience potential and risk identification for the Multilateral System of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 207 Thomas Gils and Christine Frison 13 Synthetic biology and international environmental law: time to move from definition to regulation 226 David Leary PART IX OCEANS 14 Climate proofing ocean governance: a journey through unchartered waters 245 Simone Borg PART X HUMAN RIGHTS 15 A new frontier in human rights law: the proposed third international covenant on the right of human beings to the environment 266 Michel Prieur and Mohamed Ali Mekouar PART XI LITIGATION 16 Resilience and access to climate justice 285 Morgan Eleanor Harris Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContents: INTRODUCTION 1 Rafael Leal-Arcas, Alanoud Alkhorayef, Moudhi Al Shehail and Loloah Al Sheikh AN ENERGY CHARTER TREATY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY 4 1. Criticisms of the Energy Charter Treaty 4 Restriction on the governments’ ability to regulate or restrict the use of fossil fuels 5 Environmental concerns 5 Sovereignty concerns 6 Transparency 6 The ECT is outdated 7 2. The modernization process 7 Investment protection 8 Trade 9 Transit 10 Energy efficiency 11 3. Investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism 11 CONCLUSION 14 STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 16 PREAMBLE 17 Antonio Morelli COMMENTARY 18 PART I DEFINITION AND PURPOSE ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS 24 Dylan Geraets and Leonie Reins COMMENTARY 26 Introduction 26 A. Part I: Definitions and purpose 27 ARTICLE 2 PURPOSE OF THE TREATY 59 Leonie Reins COMMENTARY 59 A. ‘In accordance with the objectives and principles of the Charter’ 60 B. ‘Complementarities and mutual benefits’ 64 C. ‘Long-term cooperation in the energy field’ 64 D. ‘A legal framework’ 66 E. Modernisation of the ECT PART II COMMERCE ARTICLE 3 INTERNATIONAL MARKETS 70 Lisa M. Richman COMMENTARY 70 A. Introduction 70 B. ‘An open and competitive market’ 71 C. ‘Energy Materials and Products and Energy-Related Equipment’ 72 ARTICLE 4 NON-DEROGATION FROM WTO AGREEMENT 75 Lisa M. Richman COMMENTARY 75 A. Introduction 75 B. The non-derogating provision 77 ARTICLE 5 TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES 82 Lisa M. Richman COMMENTARY 84 A. Introduction 84 B. Trade-related investment measures: basic elements and the WTO approach 85 C. Article 5 on TRIMs, a provision-by-provision analysis 87 D. The Australian Declaration: exceptions and jurisdictional issues 94 ARTICLE 6 COMPETITION 98 Aubin Nzaou-Kongo COMMENTARY 99 A. Introduction 99 B. The obligation of alleviation – Article 6(1) 101 C. Enforcement of competition provisions by the Contracting Parties – Article 6(2) 103 D. Obligation of cooperation between Contracting Parties and between national competition authorities – Article 6(3), (4) and (6) 104 E. Infringement, cooperation and dispute resolution – Article 6(5) and (7) 104 F. Conclusion 105 ARTICLE 7 TRANSIT 106 Cătălin Gabriel Stănescu COMMENTARY 108 ARTICLE 8 TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY 123 Aubin Nzaou-Kongo COMMENTARY 123 A. Introduction 123 B. Transfer of technology 125 C. Context of Article 8 126 D. Non-discriminatory access to and transfer of energy technologies 130 E. Removing barriers to technology transfer 136 F. Conclusions 139 ARTICLE 9 ACCESS TO CAPITAL 140 Aubin Nzaou-Kongo COMMENTARY 141 A. Introduction 141 B. Context of ECT Article 9 142 C. Promoting access to capital markets 149 D. Access to funds for trade or foreign investments 153 E. Implementation of economic programs in the energy industry Activity in the Energy Sector 153 F. Surviving prudential regulations: ‘Nothing in this Article shall prevent […]’ clause 154 G. Conclusions 155 PART III INVESTMENT PROMOTION AND PROTECTION ARTICLE 10 PROMOTION, PROTECTION AND TREATMENT OF INVESTMENTS 157 Diego Mej.a-Lemos COMMENTARY 159 A. Part III 162 B. Article 10 181 ARTICLE 11 KEY PERSONNEL 220 Diego Mej.a-Lemos COMMENTARY 220 ARTICLE 12 COMPENSATION FOR LOSSES 224 Diego Mej.a-Lemos COMMENTARY 224 ARTICLE 13 EXPROPRIATION 226 Diego Mej.a-Lemos COMMENTARY 227 ARTICLE 14 TRANSFERS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS 248 Francesco Montanaro and Tanya Shaar COMMENTARY 249 A. Introduction 249 B. The monetary transfer clause in the Energy Charter Treaty in light of the investment treaty practice 251 ARTICLE 15 SUBROGATION 256 Apurva Mudliar and Tanya Shaar COMMENTARY 256 ARTICLE 16 RELATION TO OTHER AGREEMENTS 259 Vishakha Joshi and Francesco Montanaro COMMENTARY 259 A. Introduction 259 B. Clauses governing conflicts with other treaties in the IIAs and in the ECT 261 C. Dispute governing the compatibility of ECT and other IITs with EU law 262 ARTICLE 17 NON-APPLICATION OF PART III IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES 264 Apurva Mudliar and Vishakha Joshi COMMENTARY 264 A. Introduction 264 B. Title: Non-application of Part III in certain circumstances 265 C. Application of Article 17(1) of the ECT 266 D. Denial of benefits to an investment under Article 17(2) 272 E. Conclusion 272 PART IV MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS ARTICLE 18 SOVEREIGNTY OVER ENERGY RESOURCES 274 Contributions by Peter Vajda and Varvara Aleksić, and Tina Hunter COMMENTARY 274 COMMENTARY 276 ARTICLE 19 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 283 Contributions by Peter Vajda and Varvara Aleksić, and Tina Hunter COMMENTARY 284 COMMENTARY 292 ARTICLE 20 TRANSPARENCY 294 Gloria Alvarez COMMENTARY 294 A. Structure and scope 294 B. Notion of transparency in the ECT 295 C. Transparency in ECT Secretariat Model Agreements 298 ARTICLE 21 TAXATION 299 Gloria Alvarez COMMENTARY 301 A. Introduction, structure and scope 301 B. Bona fide taxation measures according to the ECT 301 C. Structure and the general rule on Article 21 302 D. Exceptions to the General Rule on Article 21 303 E. Article 21 in practice and jurisdictional issues 306 ARTICLE 22 STATE AND PRIVILEGED ENTERPRISES 309 Contributions by Costantino Grasso and Tina Hunter COMMENTARY 309 COMMENTARY 320 ARTICLE 23 OBSERVANCE BY SUB-NATIONAL AUTHORITIES 322 Contributions by Costantino Grasso and Sara Almeshari COMMENTARY 322 COMMENTARY 327 ARTICLE 24 EXCEPTIONS 333 Contributions by Costantino Grasso and Gloria Alvarez COMMENTARY 334 COMMENTARY 340 ARTICLE 25 ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AGREEMENTS 342 Contributions by Costantino Grasso and Gloria Alvarez COMMENTARY 342 COMMENTARY 346 PART V DISPUTE SETTLEMENT ARTICLE 26 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BETWEEN AN INVESTOR AND A CONTRACTING PARTY 349 Fernando Dias Sim.es COMMENTARY 351 A. Article 26(1) 351 B. Article 26(2) 355 C. Article 26(3) 356 D. Article 26(4) 360 E. Article 26(5) 362 F. Article 26(6) 363 G. Article 26(7) 365 H. Article 26(8) 366 ARTICLE 27 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BETWEEN CONTRACTING PARTIES 368 Crina Baltag COMMENTARY 369 ARTICLE 28 EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE ECT FROM THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BETWEEN CONTRACTING PARTIES 378 Crina Baltag COMMENTARY 378 PART VI TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE 29 INTERIM PROVISIONS ON TRADE-RELATED MATTERS 381 Max Baumgart COMMENTARY 383 A. Introduction 383 B. Temporal scope of application (para 1) 384 C. Incorporation of the WTO Agreement’s rights and obligations (para 2) 384 D. Full transparency obligation (para 3) 385 E. Best-endeavour commitment (paras 4 and 5) 386 F. Stand still clause (paras 6, 7 and 8) 386 G. Dispute settlement (para 9) 387 ARTICLE 30 DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS 388 Silke Goldberg, Naomi Lisney and Anne Eckenroth COMMENTARY 388 ARTICLE 31 ENERGY-RELATED EQUIPMENT 391 Silke Goldberg, Naomi Lisney and Anne Eckenroth COMMENTARY 391 ARTICLE 32 TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 393 Silke Goldberg, Naomi Lisney and Anne Eckenroth COMMENTARY 394 A. Review of the transitional arrangements 395 B. The AES Corporation and Tau Power B.V. v. Republic of Kazakhstan (ICSID Case No. ARB/10/16) 396 COMMENTARY ON THE ENERGY CHARTER TREATY PART VII STRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONS ARTICLE 33 ENERGY CHARTER PROTOCOLS AND DECLARATIONS 400 Silke Goldberg, Naomi Lisney and Anne Eckenroth COMMENTARY 401 A. The PEEREA 401 B. The Transit Protocol 404 ARTICLE 34 ENERGY CHARTER CONFERENCE 410 Cătălin Gabriel Stănescu COMMENTARY 412 A. Members and observers 412 B. Meetings of the Charter Conference 413 C. The powers and functions of the Charter Conference 413 D. Subsidiary bodies 424 E. Conclusions 426 ARTICLE 35 SECRETARIAT 427 Cătălin Gabriel Stănescu COMMENTARY 428 A. The staff of the Secretariat 428 B. The role and functions of the Secretariat 429 C. The appointment of the Secretary General 435 D. The Secretary General’s role in ECT’s Dispute Resolution Mechanisms 436 E. Conclusions 439 ARTICLE 36 VOTING 440 Cătălin Gabriel Stănescu COMMENTARY 441 A. Who can vote 441 B. Exercising the right to vote – voting by correspondence 442 C. Voting rules 443 D. Conclusions 445 ARTICLE 37 FUNDING PRINCIPLES 446 Cătălin Gabriel Stănescu COMMENTARY 446 A. Types of costs 446 B. Determination of financial contributions 447 C. Voluntary contributions 448 D. Conclusions 449 PART VIII FINAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE 38 SIGNATURE 451 Odysseas G. Repousis COMMENTARY 451 A. Introduction 451 B. Scope 451 C. Eligibility and temporal issues 452 D. State practice 452 E. Succession cases 453 ARTICLE 39 RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE OR APPROVAL 454 Contributions by Odysseas G. Repousis and Dyuti Pandya COMMENTARY 454 A. Introduction 454 B. State practice 455 COMMENTARY 455 A. Modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty: Article 39 455 ARTICLE 40 APPLICATION TO TERRITORIES 456 Contributions by Odysseas G. Repousis and Dyuti Pandya COMMENTARY 457 A. Introduction 457 B. Territories for the international relations of which a contracting party is responsible 457 C. Territorial declarations and the ECT ‘Area’ 458 D. Temporal issues 458 E. State practice 459 F. Territorial declarations and provisional application 460 COMMENTARY 469 A. Modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty: Article 40 469 ARTICLE 41 ACCESSION 471 Contributions by Odysseas G. Repousis and Dyuti Pandya COMMENTARY 471 A. Introduction 471 B. Scope 472 C. State practice 472 COMMENTARY 472 A. Modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty: Article 41 472 ARTICLE 42 AMENDMENTS 473 Antonio Morelli COMMENTARY 473 ARTICLE 43 ASSOCIATION AGREEMENTS 477 Antonio Morelli COMMENTARY 477 ARTICLE 44 ENTRY INTO FORCE 479 Antonio Morelli COMMENTARY 479 ARTICLE 45 PROVISIONAL APPLICATION 482 Antonio Morelli COMMENTARY 484 ARTICLE 46 RESERVATIONS 487 Antonio Morelli COMMENTARY 487 ARTICLE 47 WITHDRAWAL 489 Antonio Morelli COMMENTARY 489 ARTICLE 48 STATUS OF ANNEXES AND DECISIONS 494 Leonardo Borlini and Marina Petri COMMENTARY 494 A. Purpose and function 494 B. Relevance of the article 495 ARTICLE 49 DEPOSITARY 500 Leonardo Borlini and Marina Petri COMMENTARY 500 A. Purpose and function 500 B. Content of the article 501 ARTICLE 50 AUTHENTIC TEXTS 504 Leonardo Borlini and Marina Petri COMMENTARY 504 A. Purpose and function 504 B. Content and interpretative implications of the article 505 APPENDIX: GAS INFRASTRUCTURE IN EURASIA AND THE ROLE OF THE ENERGY CHARTER 507 Andrey A. Konoplyanik 1. Three Major Components of Transit Risk in the Cross-Border Gas Value Chain (Konoplyanik’s ‘Pyramid of Transit Risks’) 509 2. Soviet/Russian Gas Supplies to Europe: Transit Risks Upstream of Delivery Points 510 3. Soviet/Russian Gas Supplies to Europe: Transit Risks Downstream of Delivery Points 512 4. GATT/WTO vs. Energy Charter (ECT and Draft Transit Protocol) Framework 514 5. Different Purpose of Russia and the EU on Prospective Implementation of Energy Charter Transit Provisions (Why the Balanced Solution on Transit Was Not Reached) 516 6. Energy Charter: A Gradual Shift from an Instrument of Trans-Atlantic Europe Towards a Eurasian Instrument Beyond the EU? 519 7. The Fight Against ‘Energy Poverty’ as the Main Consolidating Vehicle in Eurasia – A Trigger of ECT Re-Emergence in This Region? 522 Index 523

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Book SynopsisTrade Review‘In their introduction, the authors state that “[h]elping individuals [ ... ] to develop climate change law literacy is the raison d'être of this book,” a goal they accomplish admirably. This relatively slim reader opens doors to deeper discovery and inquiry by providing a solid foundation and understanding of the extremely complex sets of legal, political, and economic dynamics involved in any effort to address the transnational and existential problems associated with an anthropogenically warming planet. Climate Change Law: An Introduction would make a great choice for a textbook for a climate change or environmental law seminar, and would also serve as a compact but highly informative resource for practitioners, policymakers, students, and others who wish to obtain a thorough grounding in the current state of climate change laws and policies.’BR> -- Jennifer E. Sekula, International Journal of Legal Information‘It is a challenge to write a textbook on climate change law because the field changes so rapidly. These authors have masterfully pulled together principles that serve as the backbone of the field while integrating recent case law and international agreements. The authors present foundational elements of mitigation, adaptation, energy, and human rights, and then help us recall the importance of private actors and the ethical challenges lawyers must face in this changing world.’ -- Jessica Owley, University of Miami School of Law, US‘This book could not be more timely – it is a comprehensive yet concise and accessible analysis of the multifaceted and complex area of climate change law. It is a rare combination of an analysis of international and U.S. law, mitigation and adaptation, state and non-state responsibilities, climate litigation, human rights, as well as individual, ethical considerations, demonstrating, in all of these areas, where the law stands today, as well as providing a glimpse as to where it is likely to evolve. A fantastic resource on climate change law!’ -- Lisa Benjamin, Lewis & Clark Law School, US‘Both lawyers and non-lawyers often ask me what to read for a concise introduction to the U.S. and international laws that are relevant to climate change. Now I have something to enthusiastically recommend. This book is a terrific primer on a complex and rapidly evolving area of law. It shows how courts, legislatures, and executives are addressing (or not) one of humanity's greatest challenges. Even experts will find it a useful refresher.’ -- Michael B. Gerrard, Columbia Law School, USTable of ContentsContents: Introduction to Climate Change Law 1. International Climate Change Treaty Regime 2. Climate Law Primer: Mitigation Approaches 3. Introduction to Energy Law 4. Adaption to Climate Change at the Subnational Level 5. Litigating Government (In)Action on Climate Change 6. Human Rights and Climate Change 7. Legal and Policy Levers to Prompt Action by Private Climate Change Actors 8. Introduction: Why the Individual Ethics of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Matters to Climate Law Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContents: Preface xi PART I THEORIES, CONCEPTS AND ACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND GOVERNANCE 1 Actors and law-making in international environmental law 2 Mark A. Drumbl and Kateřina Uhlířová 2 Participation of non-State actors and global civil society in international environmental law-making and governance 46 Otto Spijkers 3 Corporate responsibility for environmental harm 63 Markos Karavias 4 International framework for environmental decision-making 84 Geir Ulfstein 5 An introduction to ethical considerations in international environmental law 107 Alexander Gillespie PART II PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 6 Sustainable development 131 Duncan French 7 The principles of prevention and precaution in international law: two heads of the same coin? 152 Nicolas de Sadeleer 8 Environmental impact assessment 189 Olufemi Elias and Meagan Wong 9 Common but differentiated responsibilities 210 Philippe Cullet PART III DISPUTE SETTLEMENT AND COMPLIANCE 10 Settlement of international environmental law disputes 231 Natalie Klein and Danielle Kroon 11 Environmental disputes in the WTO 260 Joanna Gomula 12 Compliance procedures and mechanisms 294 Gerhard Loibl PART IV HUMAN RIGHTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE 13 International climate law 322 Marie-Aure Perreaut Revial 14 Human rights and the environment: substantive rights 345 Karen Morrow 15 Domestic climate litigation’s turn to human rights and international climate law 368 Marlies Hesselman 16 Environmental protection in armed conflict 394 Karen Hulme and Doug Weir PART V SELECTED ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGIMES 17 The relationship between the law of international watercourses and sustainable development 415 Malgosia Fitzmaurice and Virginie Barral 18 International chemicals and waste management 443 Katharina Kummer Peiry 19 Environmental protection in the Antarctic and the Arctic: the role of international law 461 Kees Bastmeijer and Rachael Lorna Johnstone Index

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Book SynopsisThe United States has been experiencing an energy transition for over four decades, and now - thanks to the Clean Power Plan of the Obama Administration and the Paris climate agreement - a clean energy future is moving closer to reality. In Clean Power Politics, Joseph Tomain describes how clean energy policies have been developed and, more importantly, what's necessary for a successful transition to a clean energy future, including technological innovation, new business models, and regulatory reforms. The energy system of the future will minimize the environmental costs of traditional energy production and consumption, and emphasize expanded use of natural resources and energy efficiency. Because many new energy technologies can be produced and consumed at smaller scales, they will shift decision-making power away from traditional utilities and empower consumers to make energy choices about consumption and price. In this way, a clean energy future embodies a democratization of energy.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Preconditions for a Clean Power Transition: 1. The clean power plan and clean power politics; 2. Defining and measuring clean power; 3. The political economy of clean power; Part II. The Necessity of Innovation: 4. Innovation policy and institutions; 5. Clean power systems; 6. Regulatory innovation; Part III. The Democratization of Energy: 7. Energy and democracy.

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Book SynopsisThis new and fully updated edition of Principles of International Environmental Law offers a comprehensive and critical account of one of the fastest growing areas of international law: the principles and rules relating to environmental protection. Introducing the reader to the key foundational principles, governance structures and regulatory techniques, Principles of International Environmental Law explores each of the major areas of international environmental regulation through substantive chapters, including climate change, atmospheric protection, oceans and freshwater, biodiversity, chemicals and waste regulation. The ever-increasing overlap with other areas of international law is also explored through examination of the inter-linkages between international environmental law and other areas of international regulation, such as trade, human rights, humanitarian law and investment law. Incorporating the latest developments in treaty and case law for key areas of environmental regulTrade Review'Principles of International Environmental Law remains the definitive treatise on this vitally important area of international law. The international community faces unprecedented environmental challenges and this work provides a comprehensive assessment of the capacity of environmental norms and institutions to address these threats. The work is an essential reference for anyone interested in the role of international law in preserving a safe operating space for humanity and the environmental systems we depend on in the Anthropocene.' Tim Stephens, University of Sydney Law School'This book makes one reality brutally clear - that international environmental law cannot and must not be viewed as a subject for international lawyers, scholars, and students to alone savour. Rather, this book illuminates the complex, and often-hidden, ways in which international environmental law permeates both the study and practice of law much more generally. Simply put, this is exactly the book that will allow international environmental law to escape its specialist field billing and to capture the wide attention of all those seeking to understand law and its relationship to the future of this planet.' Natasha Affolder, University of British Columbia'International environmental law continues to grow in significance and complexity. This new edition by two of the leading contemporary experts in the field is welcome and timely. It provides what must be the most comprehensive and accessible account of the key treaties relating to the environment and the underlying environmental principles of international law. The treatment of international trade and investment law as it affects the environment is especially valuable.' Richard Macrory, Emeritus Professor of Environmental Law, University College London'This is a 'must have' volume for all interested in international environmental law. It is remarkable in its scope and ambition. It locates the subject within the broader framework of public international law and is attuned to contemporary developments in governance practice and theory as well as law. One can only wonder at the breadth of knowledge and insight of the authors.' Joanne Scott, European University Institute, Florence'This fourth edition of Principles of International Environmental Law firmly establishes this classic text as the authoritative guide for academics, practitioners and students alike. Written in an accessible manner and clearly structured, this book offers a comprehensive overview of the rules of public international law that have environmental protection as their goal. The authors have succeeded in striking the right balance between breadth of coverage and analytical depth. This book is, indeed, a treasure trove of knowledge and information.' Jolene Lin, National University of Singapore and author of Governing Climate Change: Global Cities and Transnational LawmakingTable of ContentsPart I. The Legal and Institutional Framework: 1. The environment and international society: issues, concepts and definitions; 2. History; 3. Governance: states, international organisations and non-state actors; 4. International law-making and regulation; 5. Compliance: implementation, enforcement, dispute settlement; Part II. Principles and Rules Establishing Standards: 6. General principles and rules; 7. Atmospheric protection; 8. Climate change; 9. Freshwater resources; 10. Biological diversity; 11. Oceans, seas and marine living resources; 12. Hazardous substances and activities, and waste; 13. The Polar regions: Antarctica and the Arctic; Part III. Techniques for Implementing International Principles and Rules: 14. Environmental impact assessment; 15. Environmental information and technology transfer; 16. Liability for environmental damage; Part IV. Linkage of International Environmental Law and Other Areas of International Law: 17. Human rights and international humanitarian law; 18. International economic law: trade, investment and intellectual property; 19. Future developments.

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Book SynopsisThis Handbook will be an essential reference for scholars, students, practitioners, policymakers, and general readers interested in how corporate law and governance have exacerbated our most pressing environmental, social and economic challenges, and how reforms to these fields can help us resolve those challenges and achieve sustainability.Trade Review'Bringing together an impressive group of global scholars, this book weaves together insights and analysis of almost every manageable corporate sustainability issue resulting in a thorough and essential guide to corporations' ability to address sustainability challenges. A tour-de-force, this book is essential reading for scholars and corporations alike.' Barnali Choudhury, University College London'Sustainability - of corporations themselves, and of the wider society and environment to which they are inescapably linked - is reshaping managerial discourse and the practice of finance itself. New paradigms and methods are emerging in the academic disciplines associated with the study of the corporation. This Handbook, with 50 chapters by leading scholars from around the world, marks a seminal contribution to this reshaping of the field.' Simon Deakin, University of Cambridge'The Handbook investigates an under-explored but critical area: the relation of corporate law and corporate governance to sustainability. With a discussion of case studies from across the world and potential drivers for change, this Handbook will be an indispensable resource for anyone interested in exploring how corporations could contribute to a sustainable future.' Surya Deva, City University of Hong Kong'This Handbook is an essential reference for anyone working on one of today's most pressing challenges, which is the transition to a climate-neutral and sustainable economy. It is high on Europe's political agenda. Yet nobody should underestimate the implications and scale of such a transformation. It is cross-cutting by nature and requires a transdisciplinary policy approach.' Valdis Dombrovskis, The European Commission's Vice-President for the Euro and Social Dialogue, also in charge of Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union'It is increasingly clear that business must play a central part - even a leadership role - in addressing our global sustainability crisis. The challenges are profound, and Sjåfjell and Bruner have marshaled many of the world's greatest experts to help identify ways to move ahead. Having this book on your desk is like having those experts on call.' Kent Greenfield, Dean's Distinguished Scholar, Boston College, Massachusetts'Global business may shape the world more than government, yet government may still have instruments to give guidance. This handbook brings all three together, condensed into the three-partite title and structure - scope (sustainability), governance of firms and political guidance (actually well beyond 'corporate law' solely). This handbook gives us Hercules at labour - but rather at his seventh task than at his first.' Stefan Grundmann, European University Institute and Humboldt University, Berlin'Two leading international corporate law scholars, Beate Sjåfjell and Christopher M. Bruner, have done a great job in bringing together a group of scholars from all over the world to write on one of the most important issues in corporate law - namely, corporate governance and sustainability. The book is to be commended for including in one place such a comprehensive range of subjects.' Andrew Keay, University of Leeds'This is an important and comprehensive volume on a topic that is of immense importance for academics, policymakers and practitioners. The editors have brought together the leading researchers in the field to produce a volume that provides profound insights into the intersection of corporate governance, law and sustainability. It deserves to be widely read and referenced.' Colin Mayer, Peter Moores Professor of Management Studies, University of Oxford'This magisterial volume brings together a comprehensive collection of chapters treating law, legal theory, and law reform possibilities. Especially valuable is the impressive array of country-specific case studies from around the world. Essential reading for anyone interested in the crucially important question of the impact of business activity and corporate law on sustainability.' David Millon, J.B. Stombock Professor of Law, Emeritus, Washington and Lee University'This book is a monumental work of scholarship. In terms of substantive scope, geographic reach and diversity of insight it is quite simply staggering. Its analysis of the contemporary financial, environmental and social challenges facing global business corporations is unsurpassed in originality and rigour. This timely collection will be an essential cornerstone of every corporate governance scholar's book collection for many years to come.' Marc T. Moore, University College London'Humanity is at a new juncture. Deep into the Anthropocene we are now forced to consider the risk of destabilising the entire planet. What we need, and what this Handbook addresses in a comprehensive, convincing and state-of-the-art fashion, is to operationalise 'strong sustainability' in corporate law and governance. This book is a key contribution towards this transformation.' Johan Rockström, Director Potsdam Institute Climate Impact Research, University of Potsdam'At their best, corporations have been invaluable tools for solving big societal challenges - from building early America's roads, bridges and railways, to curing disease, to bringing electricity to the masses. This impressive collection of scholarship explores what it will take to focus corporations on solving today's grandest challenges: environmental, social and economic sustainability.' Judith Samuelson, Executive Director, The Aspen Institute Business and Society Program'An increasing number of political and business leaders are realizing the urgency of a fair transition to a sustainable economy and the depth of the challenges this poses to our ways to do and regulate business. When looking for effective answers, they will be well served by this most timely Handbook.' Frans Timmermans, First Vice President of the European Commission'This book, with its comprehensive coverage and impressive list of preeminent contributors is a must-read for scholars, practitioners and policy makers concerned with the impact of the corporation on society. It provides in-depth analysis of the role that corporate law and corporate governance plays in the sustainability crisis, and persuasively argues that they must therefore figure centrally in any resolution.' Michelle Welsh, Monash University'Sjåfjell and Bruner's book is a brilliant contribution to the most pressing questions of corporate law and governance today. It challenges the 'trade off mentality' that construes ecological and social issues as of corporate concern only if they pose financial risks to the firm. This book provides an extremely important basis for re-conceptualizing how we think about corporate obligations.' Cynthia A. Williams, Osler Chair in Business Law, York University, Toronto For the full list of advance praise, see under Resources.Table of ContentsPart I. Global Business and Fragmented Regulation; Part II. Corporate Law Financial Markets and Sustainability; Part III. Corporate Law Corporate Governance and Sustainability; Part IV. Potential Drivers for Change.

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Book SynopsisThe rapidly increasing human pressure on the biosphere is pushing biodiversity into the sixth mass extinction event in the history of life on Earth. The organisms being exterminated are integral working parts of our planet''s life support system,and their loss is permanent. Like climate change, this irreversible loss has potentially devastating consequences for humanity. As we come to recognise the many ways in which we depend on nature, this can pave the way for a new ethic that acknowledges the importance of co-existence between humans and other species. Biological Extinction features chapters contributed by leading thinkers in diverse fields of knowledge and practice, including biology, economics, geology, archaeology, demography, architecture and intermediate technology. Drawing on examples from various socio-ecological systems, the book offers new perspectives on the urgent issue of biological extinction, proposing novel solutions to the problems that we face.Trade Review'Many policy makers, especially those trained in economics, can describe the management of environmental systems as if we (humans) are best suited to be in the 'driver's seat', making all the decisions to assure our wellbeing is the sole consideration. They should all read the chapters in this volume! Extinction is an irreversible externality whose full impact is uncertain. By combining the insights of social and natural scientists, Dasgupta, Raven, and McIvor have assembled essays that will change this view. They are accessible, engaging, and important.' V. Kerry Smith, Emeritus Regents Professor, Arizona State University'Partha Dasgupta, unexcelled among economists for his contributions to ecological economics, and Peter Raven, revered for his leadership in biodiversity science, have combined to assemble a collection of papers by a virtual who's who of experts on the subject of biodiversity loss and sustainability. This volume, the product of an obviously remarkable meeting at the Vatican, will be a touchstone for all those concerned with our declining biodiversity, and the implications for the future welfare of humanity.' Simon A. Levin, James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University'This volume provides an informative reference for policy makers and practitioners, offering new perspectives on biological extinction that adopt principles of social justice and sustainability.' R. A. Delgado, Jr, ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction Partha Dasgupta and Peter Raven; Prologue. Extinction: what it means to us Martin Rees; 1. Extinction in deep time: lessons from the past? Neil Shubin; 2. Biodiversity and global change: from creator to victim Timothy Lenton; 3. The state of the world's biodiversity Stuart Pimm and Peter Raven; 4. Extinction threats to life in the ocean and opportunities for their amelioration Jenna Sullivan, Vanessa Constant and Jane Lubchenco; 5. Out of the soil: soil (dark matter biodiversity) and societal 'collapses' from Mesoamerica to the Mesopotamia and beyond Timothy Beach, Sheryl Luzzadder-Beach and Nicholas Dunning; 6. The Green Revolution and crop biodiversity Prabhu Pingali; 7. Population: the current state and future prospects John Bongaarts; 8. Game over? Drivers of biological extinction in Africa Calestous Juma; 9. Why we're in the sixth great extinction and what it means to humanity Partha Dasgupta and Paul Ehrlich; 10. The consequences of biodiversity loss for human well-being Charles Perrings and Ann Kinzig; 11. Terra incognita: in search of the disconnect Mathis Wackernagel; 12. How do we stem biodiversity loss? Gretchen Daily and Stephen Polasky; 13. Can smart villages help to stem biodiversity loss? Brian Heap, John Holmes and Bernie Jones; 14. The new design condition: planetary urbanism + resource scarcity + climate change John Hoal.

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Book SynopsisWe live in unprecedented times - the Anthropocene - defined by far-reaching human impacts on the natural systems that underpin civilisation. Planetary Health explores the many environmental changes that threaten to undermine progress in human health, and explains how these changes affect health outcomes, from pandemics to infectious diseases to mental health, from chronic diseases to injuries. It shows how people can adapt to those changes that are now unavoidable, through actions that both improve health and safeguard the environment. But humanity must do more than just adapt: we need transformative changes across many sectors - energy, housing, transport, food, and health care. The book discusses specific policies, technologies, and interventions to achieve the change required, and explains how these can be implemented. It presents the evidence, builds hope in our common future, and aims to motivate action by everyone, from the general public to policymakers to health practitioners.Trade Review'This book illustrates the dramatic change in humanity's awareness about the realities of our world and our destiny. Planetary Health describes the transformation that will move us to a healthier, safer and more sustainable future, with hope, optimism and confidence.' Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway and former Director-General of the World Health Organization'Andy Haines and Howie Frumkin's book provides an accessible and fast-paced account of the challenges we face in improving human health in parallel with our environment in the next decades. A must read for anyone involved in global health, and a must read for anyone interested in the future of our children and grandchildren.' Joy Phumaphi, Former Vice President of the World Bank and Director of the African Leaders Malaria Alliance'The climate crisis and other environmental challenges pose growing threats to the continued health of humanity. Andy Haines and Howie Frumkin's book cogently and accessibly summarizes these growing threats to human health, and outlines the transformative changes we need to enact to improve health around the world and at the same time safeguard the environment for our children and grandchildren. This book is essential reading for every decision-maker in government and NGOs formulating health or environmental policy. The book is also a wonderful overview of planetary health issues for the general reader and student. A more important topic for the future of humanity from two leading experts is hard to imagine. A very timely analysis of the central issues of our time.' Helen Clark, Former Prime Minister of New Zealand and Former Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme'Andrew Haines and Howard Frumkin are two of the modern giants in planetary health. Their book highlights the value of cross-cutting approaches to human health and the health of the environment, combining resilience, health, equity, and prosperity. The book highlights the potential for the topic of planetary health to transform higher education, helping us rise to the challenge of multiple global crises. As we emerge from a global pandemic, I cannot imagine a more timely and important topic. An amazing, brilliantly argued compendium.' Judith Rodin, former President of the Rockefeller Foundation and former President of the University of Pennsylvania'By its very nature, planetary health is a vast and multidisciplinary subject. Our understanding of the field is constantly expanding, our approaches to addressing it rapidly evolving, and the political landscape surrounding it increasingly complex, and yet, Haines and Frumkin masterfully summarize the issue in all of its complexity, leaving the reader with a solid foundation of essential knowledge and - more importantly - hope, and a clearly delineated path forward.' Michele Barry, Director of the Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, California'The Anthropocene Era. Our children and our children's children will be astonished that the first fully comprehensive book to describe their everyday life, was not written till 2021. And as they reflect on what Sir Andy Haines and Howard Frumkin have laid out, they will either ask why did we not follow the ideas for transformative change in this book; or they will stand together in hope saying, humanity took heed, it listened to evidence and common sense, and we were able to tilt the earth's systems on their axis. This book is a watershed, its integrated science combines separate strands of knowledge, and creates the space for far more equitable participation in and ownership of the actions needed. This book is published at a watershed moment in history, when the health of the planet is in our hands. Can Planetary Health become our zeitgeist?' Liz Grant, Assistant Principal, University of Edinburgh'Sir Andy Haines and Howard Frumkin's book Planetary Health: Safeguarding Human Health and the Environment in the Anthropocene is a fact-filled and thought-provoking volume that explains the origins and proposes sound solutions to the existential crises of the Anthropocene Era … This book offers a holistic approach that helps us understand why we must respect, protect and enforce multisectorial frameworks if we are to maintain the integrity of the unique integrated complex system that is the Earth. The book also describes the many actions each of us can choose to take across sectors and within the finite planetary boundaries and cultural context, to reverse and reduce the current risks to a minimum and to remain healthy. An important read!' Agnes Binagwaho, Vice Chancellor of the University of Global Health Equity in Rwanda'A brilliant book: Planetary Health, defined by founders of the field.' Tony Capon, Monash University, Victoria'A splendid and important piece of work. Andy Haines and Howard Frumkin have, over many decades, led the world in the understanding of the relationships between environment and health. In this crucially important book, they show how our destructive behaviour, on a huge scale, has undermined our environment in ways that foster pandemics and infectious diseases, and which profoundly damage our physical and mental health. They also show, through careful and evidence-based analysis, how we can transform how we live, work, and consume to not only restore our environment but also live in much healthier and more enjoyable ways.' Lord Nicholas Stern, London School of Economics'Wow! If you want state-of-the-art knowledge on humanity's future on Earth - here it is! From the depths of the great acceleration, tipping points and inequity, to transformative pathways, global justice and our grand prize - planetary health. Read it and you're equipped to navigate the Anthropocene.' Johan Rockström, Director, Potsdam Institute Climate Impact Research, and co-Chair of Future Earth'Focusing on potential solutions, the authors emphasize the integration of knowledge from different disciplinary and geographic perspectives to advance understanding. They cite at least 1,618 timely and scholarly sources, and dozens of tables, charts, and graphs enhance the text. Helpful chapter conclusions and the detailed index make this an excellent teaching tool … Essential. ' A. S. Ricker, Choice ConnectTable of Contents1. Our Changing Planet; 2. Climate Change; 3. Pollution, Land Use, Biodiversity, and Health; 4. Assessing Vulnerability and Risk in the Anthropocene Epoch; 5. Adaptation and Resilience to Planetary Change; 6. Addressing Conceptual, Knowledge and Implementation Challenges; 7. Health in the Sustainable Development Goals; 8. Transforming Energy and Industry: Toward a Net-zero Circular Economy for Health; 9. Sustaining Urban Health in the Anthropocene Epoch; 10. Food Systems and Land Use; 11. The Role of Health Professionals in Fostering Planetary Health; 12. Sustaining Planetary Health in the Anthropocene; Index.

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Book SynopsisInternational institutions are prevalent in world politics. More than a thousand multilateral treaties are in place just to protect the environment alone, and there are many more. And yet, it is also clear that these institutions do not operate in a void but are enmeshed in larger, highly complex webs of governance arrangements. This compelling book conceptualises these broader structures as the ''architectures'' of global governance. Here, over 40 international relations scholars offer an authoritative synthesis of a decade of research on global governance architectures with an empirical focus on protecting the environment and vital earth systems. They investigate the structural intricacies of earth system governance and explain how global architectures enable or hinder individual institutions and their overall effectiveness. The book offers much-needed conceptual clarity about key building blocks and structures of complex governance architectures, charts detailed directions for new rTable of Contents1. Architectures of Earth System Governance: Setting the Stage; Part I. The Building Blocks: 2. Intergovernmental institutions Ronald B. Mitchell, Arild Underdal, Steinar Andresen and Carel Dieperink; 3. International bureaucracies Dominique De Wit, Abby Lindsay Ostovar, Steffen Bauer and Sikina Jinnah; 4. Transnational institutions and networks Agni Kalfagianni, Lena Partzsch and Oscar Widerberg; 5. Institutional architectures for areas beyond national jurisdiction Oran R. Young; Part II. Core Structural Features: 6. Institutional interlinkages Thomas Hickmann, Harro Van Asselt, Sebastian Oberthür, Lisa Sanderink, Oscar Widerberg and Fariborz Zelli; 7. Regime complexes Laura Gomez-Mera, Jean-Frederic Morin and Thijs Van De Graaf; 8. Governance fragmentation Frank Biermann, Melanie Van Driel, Marjanneke J. Vijge and Tom Peek; Part III. Policy Responses: 9. Policy integration Hens Runhaar, Bettina Wilk, Peter Driessen, Niall Dunphy, Åsa Persson, James Meadowcroft and Gerard Mullally; 10. Interplay management Olav Schram Stokke; 11. Orchestration Kenneth W. Abbott, Steven Bernstein and Amy Janzwood; 12. Governance through global goals Marjanneke J. Vijge, Frank Biermann, Rakhyun E. Kim, Maya Bogers, Melanie Van Driel, Francesco S. Montesano and Abbie Yunita; 13. Hierarchization Rakhyun E. Kim, Harro Van Asselt, Louis J. Kotzé, Marjanneke J. Vijge and Frank Biermann; Part IV. Future Directions: 14. Taking stock and moving forward Frank Biermann, Rakhyun E. Kim, Kenneth W. Abbott, James Hollway, Ronald B. Mitchell and Michelle Scobie.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xxi Acknowledgement xxiii Table of Abbreviations xxv Table of Symbols xxvii List of Figures xxix List of Tables xxxiii List of Chemicals and Respective Molecular Weight xxxv 1 Air, Water and Soil: An Environmental Perspective 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Air 2 1.2.1 Composition of Air 2 1.2.2 Air Pollution 3 1.2.3 Air Pollutants 3 1.2.4 Adverse Effect of Contaminants 5 1.3 Water 6 1.3.1 Properties of Water Molecule 6 1.3.2 Global Significance of Water 8 1.3.3 Environmental Monitoring 9 1.3.4 Water Quality Assessment in Recycling 10 1.3.5 Wastewater Treatment Plant 10 1.3.6 Working of Sewage Treatment Plant 11 1.4 Soil 12 1.4.1 Importance of Soil 13 1.4.2 Types of Soil 13 1.4.3 Soil Pollution 14 1.4.4 Types of Soil Pollution 14 1.4.5 Anthropogenic Activities 15 1.4.6 Health Effects 16 1.4.7 Ecosystem Effects 16 1.4.8 Methods to Reduce Soil Pollution 17 References 18 2 Determination of Physical Properties of Environmental Samples 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Determination of Specific Gravity or Density in the Given Water Sample 22 2.2.1 Principle 22 2.2.2 Material Required 25 2.2.3 Procedure for Specific Gravity Measurements Using Pycnometer/Volumetric Flask 26 2.2.4 Observation Table 26 2.2.4.1 Measurement of Specific Gravity of Water Sample 26 2.2.4.2 Readings of Pycnometer 26 2.2.5 Calculations 27 2.2.6 Results 27 2.2.7 Notes 27 2.3 Determination of Turbidity of Given Water Sample 28 2.3.1 Principle 28 2.3.2 Nephelometric Method 28 2.3.3 Material Required 29 2.3.4 Procedure 30 2.3.5 Standard Curve 30 2.3.6 Calculation 31 2.3.7 Note 31 2.4 Determination of Total Suspended Solids 31 2.4.1 Principle 31 2.4.2 Material Required 32 2.4.3 Procedure 32 2.4.4 Observation 33 2.4.5 Observation Table 33 2.4.6 Calculation 34 2.4.7 Results 34 2.4.8 Notes 34 2.5 Determination of Total Dissolved Solids 34 2.5.1 Principle 34 2.5.2 Material Required 35 2.5.3 Procedure 36 2.5.4 Observations Table 36 2.5.5 Calculation 36 2.5.6 Result 36 2.5.7 Notes 37 2.6 Determination of the Moisture Content of Soil 37 2.6.1 Principle 37 2.6.2 Material Required 37 2.6.3 Procedure 38 2.6.4 Observation 38 2.6.5 Calculations 38 2.6.6 Result 38 2.7 Determination of pH Using Universal Indicator 39 2.7.1 Principle 39 2.7.2 pH of Natural Water Bodies 40 2.7.3 Effects of pH Variation on Aquatic Life 40 2.7.4 Universal Indicator 40 2.7.5 Dyes 40 2.7.5.1 Methyl Orange 40 2.7.5.2 Methyl Red 41 2.7.5.3 Bromothymol Blue 41 2.7.5.4 Phenolphthalein 42 2.7.6 Material Required 43 2.7.7 Reagents Preparations 43 2.7.8 Procedure 43 2.7.9 Observations 43 2.7.10 Results 44 2.7.11 Notes 44 2.8 pH Determination by Using pH Meter 45 2.8.1 Principle 45 2.8.2 Material Required 47 2.8.3 Reagent Preparation 47 2.8.4 Procedures 48 2.8.5 Result 48 2.8.6 Notes 48 2.9 pH Determination of Soil 48 2.9.1 Principle 48 2.9.2 Materials Required 49 2.9.3 Procedure 49 2.9.4 Observation 50 2.9.5 Results 50 2.10 Determination of pH of Soil by Using pH Meter 50 2.10.1 Principle 50 2.10.2 Material Required 50 2.10.3 Procedure 50 2.10.4 Result 51 2.11 Determination of pH of Soil by Using Universal Indicator 51 2.11.1 Principle 51 2.11.2 Reagent Preparation 51 2.11.3 Procedure 52 2.11.4 Observation Table 52 2.12 Determination of Conductivity of Water 53 2.12.1 Principle 53 2.12.2 Calibration of the Instrument 54 2.12.3 Reagent Preparation 54 2.12.4 Steps to be Followed for Calibration 54 2.12.5 Notes 55 References 55 3 Analysis of Organic Matter in Environmental Samples 61 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Determination of the Organic Content in Soil 62 3.2.1 Principle 62 3.2.2 Material Required 63 3.2.3 Reagent Preparation 63 3.2.4 Procedure 63 3.2.5 Observation Table 64 3.2.6 Calculations 64 3.2.7 Notes 65 3.3 Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of Soil 65 3.3.1 Principle 65 3.3.2 Importance of CEC 66 3.3.3 Material Required 66 3.3.4 Reagent Preparation 66 3.3.5 Procedure 66 3.3.6 Calculations 67 3.3.7 Note 67 3.4 Rapid Method for the Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of Soil 68 3.4.1 Material Required 68 3.4.2 Reagent Preparation 68 3.4.3 Procedure 68 3.4.4 Calculations 69 3.4.5 Notes 69 3.5 Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) by Winkler’s Method 69 3.5.1 Principle 69 3.5.2 Material Required 71 3.5.3 Reagents Preparation 71 3.5.4 Procedure 71 3.5.5 Observation Table 72 3.5.5.1 Dissolved Oxygen Initial or DO 0 72 3.5.5.2 Dissolved Oxygen After 5 Days or DO 5 72 3.5.6 Calculation 73 3.5.7 Result 73 3.5.8 Notes 73 3.6 Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand by Dilution/Seeding Method 74 3.6.1 Material Required 74 3.6.2 Reagent Preparation 75 3.6.3 Sample Preparation 76 3.6.4 Procedure 76 3.6.5 Observations 77 3.6.6 Observations Table 78 3.6.6.1 Dissolved Oxygen Initial or DO 0 78 3.6.6.2 Dissolved Oxygen After 5 Days or DO 5 78 3.6.7 Calculations 78 3.6.8 Result 79 3.6.9 Note 79 3.7 Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand by Potassium Permanganate Method 79 3.7.1 Principle 79 3.7.2 Material Required 80 3.7.3 Reagent Preparation 80 3.7.4 Procedure 81 3.7.5 Observation Table 81 3.7.6 Calculations 81 3.7.7 Result 82 3.7.8 Notes 82 3.8 Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand for Sewage Waste (Samples that do not contain Chloride, Nitrate, Aliphatic and Aromatic Compounds) 82 3.8.1 Principle 82 3.8.2 Material Required 82 3.8.3 Reagent Preparation 82 3.8.4 Procedure 83 3.8.5 Observation Table 83 3.8.6 Calculations 83 3.8.7 Result 84 3.8.8 Notes 84 3.9 Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand for Toxic Organic Waste Sample That Contains Chloride, Nitrate, Aliphatic and Aromatic Compounds 84 3.9.1 Principle 84 3.9.2 Material Required 84 3.9.3 Procedure 85 3.9.4 Observation 85 3.9.5 Observations Table 86 3.9.6 Calculations 86 3.9.7 Result 86 3.9.8 Note 86 References 86 4 Spectrophotometric and Titrimetric Methods for Determination of Anions 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Determination of Sulphate Content for the Given Water Samples 92 4.2.1 Principle 92 4.2.2 Acid Rain 93 4.2.3 Problems Caused by Sulphur 93 4.2.4 Spectrophotometric Method 93 4.2.5 Material Required 94 4.2.6 Reagent Preparation 94 4.2.7 Procedure 95 4.2.8 Observation Table 95 4.2.9 Results 96 4.2.10 Notes 96 4.3 Determination of Phosphate Content in Environmental Samples 96 4.3.1 Importance of Phosphate 96 4.3.2 Eutrophication 97 4.3.3 Principle 98 4.3.4 Material Required 98 4.3.5 Reagent Preparation 98 4.3.6 Procedure 99 4.3.7 Procedure Estimation of Phosphate in Soil 99 4.3.8 Observation Table 99 4.3.9 Note 100 4.4 Estimation of Nitrite and Nitrate in Water by Spectrophotometric Method 100 4.4.1 Principle 100 4.4.2 Materials Required 102 4.4.3 Reagent Preparation 102 4.4.4 Procedure 102 4.4.5 Estimation Nitrite and Nitrate in Soil Sample 103 4.4.6 Calculations 103 4.4.7 Observation Table 104 4.4.8 Notes 105 4.5 Determination of Chloride Content in Water by Mohr’s Method 105 4.5.1 Principle 105 4.5.2 Mohr’s Method 106 4.5.3 Importance 106 4.5.4 Material Required 106 4.5.5 Procedure 107 4.5.6 Observation Table 107 4.5.7 Calculation 107 4.5.8 Result 108 4.6 Determination of Chloride Content in Water by Volhard’s Method 108 4.6.1 Principle 108 4.6.2 Material Required 109 4.6.3 Reagent Preparation 109 4.6.4 Procedure 109 4.6.5 Observation Table 109 4.6.6 Calculation 109 4.6.7 Result 110 4.6.8 Note 110 4.7 Determination of Fluoride Content in Water 110 4.7.1 Principle 110 4.7.2 Material Required 112 4.7.3 Reagent Preparation 112 4.7.4 Procedure 112 4.7.5 For Resorcin Blue Method: Preparation of Fluoride Working Standards 113 4.7.6 Note 113 4.8 Determination of Fluoride Content in Water Using Azurol B and Malachite Green 114 4.8.1 Principle 114 4.8.2 Material Required 114 4.8.3 Reagent Preparation 115 4.8.4 Procedure 115 4.8.5 For Malachite Green Method, Preparation of Fluoride Working Standards 116 4.8.6 For Azurol B Method, Preparation of Fluoride Working Standards 117 4.9 Determination of Cyanide (Cyanide Anion) by Spectrophotometric Method 117 4.9.1 Principle 117 4.9.2 Cyanide Toxicity 118 4.9.3 Material Required 119 4.9.4 Reagent Preparations 119 4.9.5 Procedure 120 4.9.6 Calculation 120 4.9.7 Single Reagent Method 120 4.9.8 Observation Table 121 4.9.9 Notes 121 References 122 5 Determination of Air Pollutants Using Titrimetric and Spectrophotometric Methods 129 5.1 Introduction 129 5.2 Determination of Particulate Matter in Air 131 5.2.1 Principle 131 5.2.2 Material Required 132 5.2.3 Procedure 132 5.2.4 Calculations 133 5.2.5 Result 133 5.3 Determination of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) in Air 133 5.3.1 Principle 133 5.3.2 Material Required 134 5.3.3 Reagent Preparation 134 5.3.4 Procedure 135 5.3.5 Calibration Curve 135 5.3.6 Calculation 136 5.3.7 Notes 136 5.4 Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in Air 137 5.4.1 Principle 137 5.4.2 Material Required 138 5.4.3 Reagent Preparation 138 5.4.4 Procedure 138 5.4.5 For Estimation of NO2 in Air 138 5.4.6 Calculation 139 5.4.7 Results 139 5.5 Determination of Ozone Content in Air 139 5.5.1 Principle 139 5.5.2 Material Required 141 5.5.3 Reagent Preparation 141 5.5.4 Procedure 141 5.5.5 Calculations 142 5.5.6 Notes 142 5.6 Determination of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in Atmosphere 142 5.6.1 Principle 142 5.6.2 Material Required 144 5.6.3 Protocol 144 5.6.4 Calculation 144 5.6.5 Note 145 5.7 Determination of Air Quality Using Chlorophyll as Biomarker 145 5.7.1 Principle 145 5.7.2 Material Required 145 5.7.3 Procedure 146 5.7.4 Calculations 147 5.7.5 Result 147 References 147 6 Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Heavy Metals 151 6.1 Introduction 151 6.2 Arsenic Determination by Using Variamine Blue 153 6.2.1 Toxicity of Arsenic 153 6.2.2 Principle 155 6.2.3 Material Required 155 6.2.4 Procedure 155 6.2.5 Determination of Arsenic in Soil 156 6.2.6 Standard Preparation 157 6.2.7 Notes 159 6.3 Arsenic Determination by Using Rhodamine-B 159 6.3.1 Principle 159 6.3.2 Material Required 160 6.3.3 Procedure 160 6.3.4 Standard Preparation 161 6.3.5 Notes 161 6.4 Chromium (VI) Determination by Using 1,5-diphenylcarbazide 162 6.4.1 Mechanism of Chromium Toxicity 162 6.4.2 Principle 162 6.4.3 Material Required 162 6.4.4 Reagent Preparation 163 6.4.5 Procedure 163 6.4.6 Standard Preparation 163 6.4.7 Notes 164 6.5 Lead (II) Determination by 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) 164 6.5.1 Application of Lead 164 6.5.2 Lead Toxicity 165 6.5.3 Principle 165 6.5.4 Material Required 165 6.5.5 Reagent Preparation 165 6.5.6 Procedure 166 6.5.7 Standard Preparation 166 6.5.8 Notes 167 6.6 Lead (II) Determination by using 5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoic hydrazine (BHMBHBH) 167 6.6.1 Principle 167 6.6.2 Material Required 168 6.6.3 Reagent Preparation 168 6.6.4 Procedure 168 6.6.5 Standard Preparation 169 6.6.6 Notes 169 6.7 Mercury (II) Determination by using 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone (APT) 170 6.7.1 Mercury Toxicity 170 6.7.2 Mechanism of Toxicity 170 6.7.3 Material Required 171 6.7.4 Reagent Preparation 172 6.7.5 Sample Preparation 172 6.7.6 Procedure 172 6.7.7 Estimation of Mercury in Soil 173 6.7.8 Standard Preparation 173 6.7.9 Notes 174 6.8 Mercury (II) Determination by Using Diphenyl Thiocarbazone 174 6.8.1 Principle 174 6.8.2 Material Required 174 6.8.3 Reagent Preparation 175 6.8.4 Sample Preparation 175 6.8.5 Procedure 175 6.8.6 Determination of Mercury in Soil 175 6.8.7 Standard Preparation 176 6.8.8 Notes 177 6.9 Nickel (II) Determination by Using (E)-N1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone (HNBISNH) and 2-(4-fluoro benzylideneamino) Benzene Thiol (FBBT) 177 6.9.1 Principle 177 6.9.2 Importance of Nickel 177 6.9.3 Material Required 178 6.9.4 Reagent Preparation 178 6.9.5 Procedure 179 6.9.6 Determination of Nickel in Soil 180 6.9.7 Standard Preparation 180 6.9.8 Notes 180 6.10 Cadmium Determination by Using 1, 2-Dihydroxy Anthraquinone-3-Sulphonic Acid, Sodium Salt (Alizarin red S) 181 6.10.1 Principle and Importance 181 6.10.2 Material Required 182 6.10.3 Reagent Preparation 182 6.10.4 Procedure 183 6.10.5 Determination of Cadmium in Soil 183 6.10.6 Calibration Curve in the Range of 1 μg/ml to 40 μg/ml 184 6.10.7 Notes 184 6.11 Cadmium Determination by Using 5,7–Dibromo-8-Hydroxyquinoline (DBHQ) 185 6.11.1 Principle 185 6.11.2 Material Required 185 6.11.3 Reagent Preparation 186 6.11.4 Procedure 186 6.11.5 Determination of Cadmium in Soil 186 6.11.6 Standard Preparation 187 6.11.7 Notes 188 6.12 Copper Determination by Using Thio Mishler’s Ketone (TMK) 188 6.12.1 Principle 188 6.12.2 Material Required 189 6.12.3 Reagent Preparation 189 6.12.4 Procedure 190 6.12.5 Standard Preparation 191 6.12.6 Notes 192 6.13 Selenium Determination by Using Azure B and Thionin 192 6.13.1 Importance of Selenium 192 6.13.2 Toxicity of Selenium 192 6.13.3 Principle 193 6.13.4 Material Required 193 6.13.5 Reagent Preparation 194 6.13.6 Sample Preparation 194 6.13.7 Procedure 194 6.13.8 Estimation of Selenium in Soil 195 6.13.9 Standard Preparation for Azure B Method 195 6.13.10 Standard Preparation for Thionin B Method 196 6.13.11 Notes 196 6.14 Zinc Determination by Using 5, 7–Dibromo-8-ydroxyquinoline (DBHQ) 197 6.14.1 Importance of Zinc 197 6.14.2 Zinc Toxicity 197 6.14.3 Principle 197 6.14.4 Material Required 198 6.14.5 Reagent Preparation 198 6.14.6 Sample Preparation 198 6.14.7 Procedure 199 6.14.8 Standard Preparation 199 6.14.9 Notes 200 6.15 Iron Determination 200 6.15.1 Principle 200 6.15.2 Reagent Preparation 201 6.15.3 Procedure 202 6.15.4 Estimation of Iron in Water 202 6.15.5 Standard Preparation 203 6.15.6 Notes 204 References 204 7 Determination of Carbonates in Environmental Samples 213 7.1 Introduction 213 7.2 Determination of the Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Content of Soil 214 7.2.1 Principle 214 7.2.2 Material Required 214 7.2.3 Reagent Preparation 214 7.2.4 Procedure 215 7.2.5 Observation Table 215 7.2.6 Calculations 216 7.2.7 Result 216 7.2.8 Notes 216 7.3 Determination of the Hardness of Water 216 7.3.1 Principle 216 7.3.2 Some Strategies to “Soften” Hard Water 217 7.3.3 Materials Required 219 7.3.4 Reagent Preparation 219 7.3.5 Procedure 220 7.3.6 Observation Table 220 7.3.7 Calculation 221 7.3.8 Result 221 7.4 Determination of Acidity and Total Acidity of Effluent Sample by Titrimetric Method 221 7.4.1 Principle 221 7.4.2 Material Required 222 7.4.3 Reagent Preparation 222 7.4.4 Procedure 222 7.4.5 Observation Table 223 7.4.6 Calculation 223 7.4.7 Result 224 7.5 Determination of Alkalinity and Total Alkalinity of Effluent Sample by Titrimetric Method 224 7.5.1 Principle 224 7.5.2 Material Required 224 7.5.3 Reagent Preparation 224 7.5.4 Procedure 225 7.5.5 Observation Table 225 7.5.6 Calculation 226 7.5.7 Result 226 References 226 8 Microbial Examination of Potable Water 229 8.1 Introduction 229 8.2 Microbial Estimation in Water by Filter Disc Method 232 8.2.1 Principle 232 8.2.2 Material Required 232 8.2.3 Reagent Preparation 232 8.2.4 Procedure 232 8.2.5 Result 233 8.2.6 Notes 233 8.3 Microbial Examination by Gram Staining 233 8.3.1 Principle 233 8.3.2 Material Required 234 8.3.3 Procedure 234 8.3.4 Result 235 8.3.5 Note 235 8.4 MPN (Most Probable Number) Method for Assessment of Water Quality 235 8.4.1 Principle 235 8.4.2 Presumptive Test 236 8.4.2.1 Media Preparation (For Testing Single Water Sample) 236 8.4.2.2 Procedure 237 8.4.2.3 Alternative Media (For Testing Single Water Sample) 237 8.4.2.4 Procedure 238 8.4.2.5 Observation Table for Presumptive Test 240 8.4.2.6 Results 245 8.4.2.7 Note 245 8.4.3 Confirmed Test 245 8.4.3.1 Media Preparation for Confirmed Test 245 8.4.3.2 Procedure 245 8.4.3.3 Result 246 8.4.4 Completed Test 246 8.4.4.1 Media Preparation for Completed Test 246 8.4.4.2 Procedure 246 8.4.4.3 Results 247 References 247 Appendix I 251 Appendix II 253 Appendix III 255 Index 257

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Book SynopsisThe role of law in responding to global environmental problems and the interplay between different levels of regulation and governance is becoming increasingly relevant in the field of liability and reparation for environmental damage. This book examines the relationship and reciprocal influences between the EU and the international legal order in a multilevel and comparative perspective, in relation to the ongoing efforts to elaborate effective regimes of liability and reparation for environmental damage. It offers a comparative analysis of legal developments in the field of environmental liability within the EU and at the international law level and addresses questions concerning the impact of such interaction on the development, implementation and enforcement of appropriate responses to environmental damage within the respective legal orders and on a global level.Given the book's focus and the transnational legal dimension of the issues covered, this volume will be of greaTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction—relevance of the topic and scope of the analysis 1. Background: the problem 2. The concept, role and function of liability in the environmental context 3. Environmental liability and access to justice 3.1. Access to justice in environmental matters 3.2. Access to justice and environmental liability 4. From theory to practice: current developments in environmental liability 4.1. The global picture 4.2. The elusive response of international law 5. Scope and aims of this book 5.1. Theoretical background 5.2. Focus, methodological approach and structure of the book PART 1Environmental liability in international law 1 The law of State responsibility and its application to environmental damage 1. Introduction 2. The responsibility of States for wrongful acts: general principles 3. Transboundary harm prevention and State responsibility 3.1. Early developments and evolution of the primary rules 3.2. From no-harm to prevention 3.3. Due diligence and environmental liability 3.4. The ‘significant harm’ threshold 3.5. The link of causality 4. From transboundary harm prevention and responsibility to States’ environmental liability 4.1. The concept of environmental damage 4.2. Reparation under the law of State responsibility 4.3. Valuation and assessment of environmental damage 5. Current challenges of the law of State responsibility in the environmental context 5.1. Non-state actors and State responsibility 5.2. The erga omnes character of environmental harms 6. State responsibility for environmental harm in the international States practice 7. Concluding remarks and assessment 2 The quest towards an international law framework of states’ environmental liability in the work of the ILC 1. State liability as a primary rule of international law 2. Environmental liability in the work of the ILC: from international liability to allocation of losses 3. Response measures and ex post prevention in the environmental field: between primary and secondary rules? 4. Conclusions 3 Civil liability for environmental damage in international treaties 1. Introductory remarks 2. The international liability framework for nuclear damage 2.1. The 1960 Paris and 1963 Vienna Conventions 2.2. The role of the state in the nuclear liability regime 2.2.1. State liability under the 1963 Vienna and 1960 Paris Conventions 2.3. Revising and enhancing the international nuclear liability regime 2.3.1. The 1988 linking protocol 2.3.2. The 1997 Vienna amending protocol2.3.3. The 1997 Convention on Supplementary Compensation (CSC) 2.3.4. The 2004 protocols amending the Paris and Brussels Conventions 2.4. The international nuclear liability framework: an assessment 3. International civil liability regimes for sea pollution damage 3.1. The 1969 civil liability convention and the 1971 fund convention 3.2. The 1992 revision protocols of the oil pollution liability framework 3.3. The definition of oil pollution damage 3.4. Revising the amount of compensation 3.5. The International Oil Pollution Compensation (IOPC) Fund 3.6. The 2003 Supplementary Fund 3.7. Oil pollution liability treaties in a multilevel context 4. Complementing the oil pollution regime: the HNS and Bunker oil liability conventions 5. The international liability framework and the protection of the marine environment 6. ‘Second generation’ environmental liability agreements 6.1. The 1993 Council of Europe’s Lugano Convention 6.2. The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur supplementary protocol on liability for biodiversity damage 6.2.1. Liability and redress in the framework of the Biodiversity Convention 6.2.2. Liability for damage caused by LMOs 6.3. The liability annex to the Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection 7. Conventional systems of international liability: a layered framework 8. Soft law developments in the field of environmental liability 9. Concluding remarks PART 2Harmonising environmental liability in the EU: Substantive and procedural legal aspects 4 The EU approach to environmental liability: The 2004/35 environmental liability directive 1. Introduction 2. Historical background 3. The underling regulatory and policy rationales 4. The Directive’s main elements and scope of application 4.1 Definition of ‘environmental damage’ 4.2. The natural resources covered 4.2.1. Damage to ‘biodiversity’ 4.2.2. Damage to water 4.2.3. Damage to land 4.3. A limited approach to environmental damage? 4.4. The notion of operator and the activities covered 4.5. The Directive’s temporal scope of application 4.6. Exceptions and defences under the Directive 4.7. Questions of causation and plurality of responsible parties 5. Enforcing environmental liability 5.1. Combining prevention and reparation for environmental harm 5.2. The competent authorities and the enforcement of the ELD’s liability regime 6. Remedies 7. Issues of access to justice under the ELD 8. Harmonising environmental liability in the EU: assessing the ELD and its potential added value 9. Concluding remarks 5 Transnational harm in Europe and the potential for a harmonised legal framework 1. Introduction 2. The harmonisation of conflict of law in Europe 3. The Brussels I Regulation and its application to transboundary environmental damage 4. Rome II regulation and the determination of applicable law 5. Transnational corporate litigation before domestic courts in Europe 6. Jurisdictional aspects, corporate liability and duty of care 7. The harmonisation of EU private international law rules: an assessment 8. Transboundary environmental liability litigation in Europe: perspectives after the ELD 9. The new proposal for a directive on corporate sustainability due diligence PART 3Exploring the interactions between EU law and international law 6 The EU’s contribution to international law-making in the field of environmental liability 1. Introduction 2. The EU’s participation in international agreements: general remarks 3. The principle of conferral and EU’s external competence 3.1. Express external competences 3.2. The doctrine of implied external powers 3.3. Choosing the appropriate legal basis 4. The practice of EU external relations 4.1. Mixed agreements 4.2. Member States acting as ‘trustees’ of the EU 5. The duty of cooperation and its impact on Member States’ external action 6. Reflections on the relationship between the EU legal order and international law 7. The participation of the EU in international environmental liability agreements 7.1. Liability agreements with an environmental dimension: the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol 7.2. Disrupting interaction? 7.3. The EU’s involvement in international civil liability treaties on marine pollution and nuclear damage 7.3.1. The external relations implications of Brussels I Regulation 7.3.2. The impact of the ELD on the EU’s participation in the marine pollution civil liability regime 7.4. EU’s and Member States’ ratification of international liability conventions 8. Interaction and coordination between liability regimes in a multilevel context 8.1. The practice of disconnection and non-affect clauses 8.2. Coordinating the ELD and the liability conventions on marine pollution and nuclear damage 8.3. Article 4 of the ELD 9. Environmental policy and governance perspectives on the interaction between the ELD and international law 10. Concluding remarks 7 Substantive aspects of the interplay between EU law and international environmental agreements 1. Introduction 2. The legal status and impact of international treaties to which the EU is a party in the EU legal order 2.1. The binding character of EU international agreements and the CJEU’s jurisdiction over them 2.2. Primacy of EU international agreements 3. The CJEU’s case-law and its approach to direct effect of international norms 4. Consistent interpretation 5. Towards a harmonious approach to the relationship between EU and international law 6. Consistent interpretation and the mutual supportiveness of EU law and international law in the field of environment 7. Interim findings 8. Between mutual supportiveness and complementarity in the CJEU’s case-law on environmental liability 9. Interactions and potential synergies between liability regimes in a multilevel context Conclusions 1. An evolving scenario 2. General trends and emerging principles 3. Environmental harms and the relationship between EU and international law: towards mutual supportiveness? 4. Closing remarks Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book evaluates the global response to climate change from a cosmopolitan justice perspective. Investigating the role of states, cities, corporations, and non-governmental organisations in the post-Paris Agreement era, Dietzel provides fresh insight into the 'big picture' of climate change (mis)management.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first textbook to provide a clear understanding of law’s role in promoting the global growth of renewable energy production and consumption. The book introduces readers to the main legal frameworks shaping the rise of renewables at international, regional and national levels, including those which set targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing renewable energy consumption. Clear explanations of challenges commonly confronting renewable developments and the legal responses to them aid readers’ understanding whatever their background. The author, a leading researcher in energy and environmental law, has drawn on 10 years’ experience of developing and teaching research-led courses on renewable energy law to produce an authoritative but accessible work. Readers will come away with a better understanding of how international law on climate change and sustainable development affects renewable energy, the roles of renewable energy targets and subsidies, the laws on integrating renewables into electricity networks, the legal response to public opposition to renewable energy development, the law surrounding offshore renewables, and issues raised by the decarbonisation of road transport.Trade ReviewClear, thematic coverage of the subject matter, well presented and nicely integrating the various legal regimes and instruments involved. -- Angus Johnston * University of Oxford *Extends beyond national law and regulation to international and also explains the nuts-and-bolts of renewable energy. -- Peter Cameron * University of Dundee *Table of Contents1. Renewable Energy Law: An Introduction 2. International Climate Change Law and Renewable Energy 3. Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy 4. Enabling Renewable Energy Growth: The Role of Targets 5. Securing Investment in Renewable Energy: The Role of Subsidies 6. Transmitting Electricity 7. Planning, Licensing, and Public Opposition 8. Offshore Renewables 9. Decarbonising Road Transport

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