Public health and preventive medicine Books

Book SynopsisSakkiya is a Hausa word, which has its origin from the Hausa culture, and it means the act of using hot pointed metallic tip to puncture bodily swelling with the aim of achieving a curative effect. The Hausa culture is one of the three most popular cultures in Nigeria. The Hausas are predominantly located in the northwestern geopolitical zone of Nigeria, predominantly working as farmers. The majority of the Hausa people practice the Islamic religion. Encounters from the medical setting with cases of complications arising from failure of Sakkiya treatment, where some patients did not survive this treatment made investigation into this form of alternative medicine a paramount issue. In order to fill the void of information and literature on Sakkiya treatment, the authors embarked on a literature search and field studies resulting in this book. The authors found a lack of historical evidence concerning the old traditional Sakkiya practice, and therefore urge archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists and historians to investigate into the historical evolution of Sakkiya practice in northern Nigeria.Kehinde Kanmodi, BDS, ACIPM, AISQEM is a dental surgeon, lecturer, multidisciplinary researcher, and manager affiliated with Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan (head office), Community Health Officers Training Programme, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, National Teachers Institute, Department of Political Science of the National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigerian Institute of Management, Abuja, Chartered Institute of Project Management, Lagos, and Dental Clinic, Kebbi Medical Centre, Kalgo, Nigeria.Joav Merrick, MD, MMedSci, DMSc, born and educated in Denmark is professor of pediatrics, child health and human development affiliated with the Division of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mt Scopus Campus, Jerusalem, Israel, Kentucky Childrens Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States and professor of public health at the Center for Healthy Development, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States, the former medical director of the Division for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, Jerusalem and the founder and director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel.

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Book SynopsisAscites is a pathological accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Clinical manifestations largely depend on the volume accumulated, so ascites may present as a radiological finding or as an evident increase of abdominal perimeter. Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 9 opens with a discussion of the indications for paracentesis, an invasive procedure consisting of the extraction of ascitic fluid through percutaneous puncture of the abdominal wall, as well as techniques for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, prophylactic considerations in order to minimize complications and alternative strategies. The authors go on to discuss the knowledge provided by scientific research regarding tendon injury, summarizing how to approach injuries of the tendon in a concrete and schematic matter. The goal of the following study is to evaluate pain relief in patients with chronic low back pain and failed back surgery syndrome after a single-shot intrathecal administration of midazolam. The analgesic effect was determined using a patient questionnaire during subsequent visits to the pain therapy service. An additional study is presented in which 38 patients were treated with open reduction internal fixation via a dorsal approach. Clinical assessments included range of motion measurements at the wrist, grip strength, the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score, and the Gartland and Werley score. Also in this compilation, the authors investigate combinations of methods and resources for a quicker and complete functional recovery. This research included 106 patients divided into two groups (with and without labor activities). 51 patients had a traumatized dominant hand and 47 had a complication of M. Zudeck. The analysis of the results obtained allows for the confirmation of the medical and social effectiveness of the complex Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation Program. Meckels diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting approximately 2-4% of the population. In the case of bleeding, it is proposed that tagged RBC scintigraphy or angiography could be utilized to determine the source of bleeding and possibly direct the clinician towards the diagnosis of Meckels. The following chapter outlines advances that have been made within the growing field of zebrafish as a model for human diseases and highlights their advantages for drug discovery. Furthermore, the zebrafish in vivo model presents many advantages when used in biotechnology and for food science and technology purposes. A large clutch size, transparent embryos, low-cost, fast growth and easy handling are the main features of this model. Recently, the zebrafish model has been used to study vertebrate development and for modeling human diseases and processes such as oxidative stress, liver damage, inflammation and evaluation of inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The closing experiment was conducted in twenty-six pediatric patients who were given initial doses of continuous infusion of 200 μg/kg/h of midazolam, either from the innovator brand or from the generic brand. The children were monitored for plasma concentrations determined by high performance liquid Chromatography and the sedative effect was measured using a BIS monitor.

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Book SynopsisFor over a decade, Congress and DOD have led a series of efforts to address the governance structure of the Military Health System. In chapter1, GAO examines (1) measures DOD uses to assess the quality of direct and purchased care, and (2) the extent to which DOD has established performance standards related to the measures and corrective action requirements for providers who do not meet those standards. As reported in chapter 2, or more than a decade, partially in response to congressional mandates, DOD has worked to address inefficiencies in the Military Health System to control costs. Chapter 3 examines the military departments planning processes for determining (1) operational medical personnel requirements, including an assessment of the mix of federal civilian, contractor, and active and reserve medical personnel; and (2) the most appropriate workforce mix at MTFs and any challenges in executing their desired workforce mix. The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2008 directed DOD to conduct surveys of nonenrolled beneficiaries and civilian providers about access to care under the TRICARE Standard and Extra options. It also directed GAO to review the surveys results. Additionally, the NDAA for Fiscal Year 2017 included a provision for GAO to review access to care under TRICARE Extra. Chapter 4 addresses both provisions. The NDAA 2017 made several changes to the TRICARE program, including the establishment of a new preferred provider network health plan option called TRICARE Select. The NDAA 2017 made several changes to the TRICARE program, including the establishment of a new preferred provider network health plan option called TRICARE Select. GAO examined program policies, procedures, and contracts and interviewed DOD officials and TRICARE regional contractors as reported in chapter 5.

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Book SynopsisHygiene: A Manual of Personal and Public Health written by Sir Arthur Newsholme in 1902, is a plain and straightforward account of its subject for the general public and for science students; and to have become a practical guide to sanitary inspectors and to medical students, whether preparing for a diploma in public health, or studying hygiene as an important branch of medicine.

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Book SynopsisBreak the Cycle of Children''s Environmental Health Disparities (BTC) is an annual, collaborative, interdisciplinary research and training program involving university students in academic tracks that focus on the impact of adverse social, economic, and environmental factors on children''s health, development, and education. The target populations are communities where environmental hazards are related to circumstances of social and economic disadvantage. Each student develops a project that focuses on preventing or reducing adverse environmental factors to benefit the children who live in these communities. At the end of the project, the students present their studies and findings at a national conference and write papers that are then published. This book is the result of the 13th BTC projects. The projects cover a range of factors that have an influence on individual, community, and social perspectives. Most importantly, they inform us about children''s environmental health disparities, and propose solutions to reduce and eliminate health disparities in order to promote health equity for all children. The authors also cover a brief history of human habitation and the associated environmental degradation, accompanied by what has been done to address the process. They recommend a constructive approach to breaking the cycle of environmental degradation, moving toward the promise of a positive future for our planet in good ecological balance with health and well-being for generations to come.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of Volume 11 is to provide evidence on the indicators of fluid distribution and cellular integrity evaluated by nioelectrical impedance analysis in athletes of different performance levels and non-athletes. The second chapter presents a specific examination of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor among xenobiotic receptors, with a commentary on the preventive and therapeutic abilities of lignans against various diseases associated with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, including cancers, teratogenesis, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, leukemias and lymphomas. Additionally, the authors discuss scrub typhus, a bacterial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi), and how it is recognized as an important cause of fever in Asia. The objective of the next section is to conduct a literature review to identify key risk factors that contribute to the risk of infection and transmission of disease in residential aged care and community care settings. The indications and complications of surgical management of Choanal atresia will be thoroughly illustrated in the followingchapter, mainly focusing on the role of the transnasal endoscopic approach. Recently, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the creation of more effective drugs for prevention and management of obesity and obesity-related diseases. The penultimate chapter examines the peptide fraction derived from tissue of Antarctic hydrobiont and how it has beneficial effects on the diet induced obesity in rats through the influence on oxidative status, development of inflammation, and disorders of the serotonergic system, which are considered to be the key pathogenic mechanisms of obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The focus of the final chapter is to describe the demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics of S. maltophilia infections in pediatric patients during a two year period (2016 to 2018) in a tertiary-care hospital in southern Brazil.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/advances-in-health-and-disease-volume-11/

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Book SynopsisThe primary goals of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) are to increase access to affordable health insurance for the uninsured and to make health insurance more affordable for those already covered. This book looks at current issues associated with the ACA.Table of ContentsPrefaceThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Acts (ACAs) Risk Adjustment Program: Frequently Asked Questions (Updated)Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked QuestionsUse of the Annual Appropriations Process to Block Implementation of the Affordable Care Act (FY2011-FY2017)The Affordable Care Acts (ACAs) Employer Shared Responsibility Provisions (ESRP)Legislative Actions to Modify the Affordable Care Act in the 111th-115th CongressesUpdated: District Court Strikes the Individual Mandate and Declares the Affordable Care Act Invalid: What Happened and What Lies Ahead?Updated: Déjá Vu All Over Again: States Renew Constitutional Challenge to the ACAs Individual MandateExamining the Effectiveness of the Individual Mandate under the Affordable Care ActTaxes and Fees Enacted as Part of the Affordable Care ActOverview of the ACA Medicaid ExpansionDepartment of Health and Human Services: Patient Protection and Affordable Care ActHHS Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for 2020Index.

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Book SynopsisNew Research on Tobacco summarizes the history of tobacco, providing an overview of the markets, the available products, and manufacturing processes. The authors discuss the current regulatory environment within the U.S., as well as the efforts being made by the Food and Drug Administration to reduce the harm that tobacco products inflict on society. The important discoveries in tobacco research are addressed, and researchers and scientists are encouraged to continue using tobacco as a research tool due to the wealth of existing scientific information about it. The penultimate chapter focuses on electronic nicotine delivery system, also known as vapes, mods, or e-cigarettes, which have become popular over the years. They have tapped into a billion dollar industry and appear to be staying for good in an ever increasing market. The concluding study examines tobacco consumption in India. The findings reveal that the respondents living in rural areas consumed more tobacco than those in urban spaces.Table of ContentsPrefaceTobacco: Past, Present, and FutureTobacco, Its Uses and Relevance in Basic and Applied Sciences: A Comprehensive OverviewElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsAge of Initiation of Tobacco Consumption in India: Evidence from Global Adult Tobacco Survey DataIndex.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1 provides background information on e-cigarettes. Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. Chapter 2 highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation's youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. It also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation's youth. Over the last decade, use of electronic cigarettes, known as e-cigarettes, in the United States has grown rapidly as use of traditional cigarettes declined among both adolescents and adults. Most e-cigarettes sold in the United States were thought to be imported, but e-cigarette import volume and tariff revenue were unknown because the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) did not contain separate statistical reporting numbers. New statistical reporting numbers went into effect on January 1, 2016. Chapter 3 reports on e-cigarettes imported into the United States in 2016. While chapter 4 reports on e-cigarettes imported into the United States from 2016 through 2018. E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices which simulate tobacco smoking by producing a heated vapor that resembles smoke. A number of explosions and fires have been attributed to e-cigarettes, causing some concern within the fire service community as discussed in chapter 5. Electronic cigarettes, known as "personal vaporizers" (PV) have experienced a significant increase in popularity for those seeking an alternative to smoking traditional tobacco products. The use of the e-cigarettes as an illicit drug delivery device is touted on websites, forums, blogs, and videos describing how best to use them for specific illicit drugs such as tetrahydrocannabinol, methamphetamine, fentanyl, and heroin as reported in chapter 6. Chapters 7 and 8 report on the 2019 outbreak of lung injury associated with e-cigarette use.Table of ContentsPreface; Electronic Cigarettes Whats the Bottom Line?; E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults; Electronic Cigarettes U.S. Imports in 2016; Electronic Cigarettes: U.S. Imports, 2016-2018; Electronic Cigarette Fires and Explosions in the United States 2009-2016; Characterization and Abuse of Electronic Cigarettes: The Efficacy of Personal Vaporizers as an Illicit Drug Delivery System; Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-Cigarette Use, or Vaping; Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-Cigarette Use, or Vaping: Information for Clinicians; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe misdistribution of health manpower is one of the major challenges faced by the Chinese health sector hindering people's access to healthcare. However, this subject remains underexplored, as spatial distribution characteristics have not been fully mapped out, nor have its causes been determined at the macro regional level. To fill this research void, this study aims to conduct sophisticated spatial analyses to examine the characteristics of health manpower distribution and test various determinants of health manpower densities. By introducing spatial techniques, this study sheds light on the distribution of health manpower in China, thus offering invaluable evidence for making national and regional policies to facilitate a more effective distribution of health manpower in China. On the one hand, this study used spatial statistics (space-time scan statistics and Moran's I statistics) to reveal, visualize, and compare the temporal trends, spatio-temporal dynamics, and spatial clustering patterns of different subtypes of health manpower (clinicians, doctors of traditional Chinese medicine, dentists, public health doctors, general practitioners, registered nurses, pharmacists, technologists, and interns) and their total. The results reveal that regional disparities and huge urban-rural imbalances exist in China's health manpower distribution, indicating that some provincial units have been left behind. In addition, spatial distribution characteristics varied across different subtypes of health manpower, which still held with respect to either the urban or rural health manpower distribution. On the other hand, this study theoretically modeled and empirically measured various determinants of health manpower distribution from both the supply and demand sides while taking the spillover effect between adjacent geographical units into consideration. Based on the results of the estimation, the health service demand was, as expected, found to forcefully drive the health manpower distribution across the nation. In light of this, the increase in health services demands in a province could significantly help one unit attract licensed doctors and registered nurses from adjacent units. Unexpectedly but intriguingly, the power of medical education capacity was relatively limited in increasing the health manpower density in local units compared to its spillover effect on neighboring units. In addition, government and social health expenditure played different roles in the health labor market, the former being more effective in increasing the stock of licensed doctors and registered nurses, the latter doing better in attracting dentists and general practitioners. This study has the potential to make profound contributions to the theory and practice of health manpower distribution in China. First, this study advances our understanding of characteristics of health manpower distribution by introducing spatial statistics. By doing so, this study visualizes the detailed spatial distribution characteristics with maps and identifies the priority areas for health manpower allocation in China. Second, this study provides a comprehensive research framework to understand the potential drivers of health manpower distribution, and more importantly, takes spillover effects into consideration and measures them for the first time. Third, this study systematically explores and compares the distribution characteristics and determinants of different subtypes of health manpower, which differ greatly. By exploring both the characteristics and determinants, this study gives a full picture of the health manpower distribution and provides new evidence for making health manpower allocation policies in China.

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Book SynopsisBreak the Cycle of Children's Environmental Health Disparities (BTC) is an annual collaborative interdisciplinary research and training program involving university students in academic tracks that focus on the impact of adverse social, economic and environmental factors on children's health, development and education. The target populations are communities where environmental hazards are related to circumstances of social and economic disadvantage. Each student develops a project that focuses on preventing or reducing adverse environmental factors to benefit the children who live in these communities. At the end of the project, the students present their studies and findings at a national conference and write papers which are then published. The papers in this publication represent the work of students who participated in the 14th Annual Break the Cycle program. The phrase "Break the Cycle" in this context uses the ecological construct of the cycle of environmental health disparities and represents a framework for reducing health disparities and promoting health equity among children who are vulnerable as a consequence of adverse social, economic, environmental and political factors. The student projects are intended to break the cycle and liberate children from the intergenerational cycle of health disparities, so they can grow and develop to their full potential. Through this academic process, the students gain knowledge, insight and skills to enable them to advance in their careers and become future leaders.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/child-environmental-health-disparities-looking-at-the-present-and-facing-the-future/

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Book SynopsisDevelopmental disabilities or neurodevelopmental disabilities (includes intellectual disability) are a diverse group of chronic disorders that begin at anytime during the development process (including conception, birth, and growth) up to 22 years of age and last throughout an individual's lifetime. Major disabilities include intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, and neural tube defects. We provide an introduction and review epidemiology of major disabilities and have also gathered international research from United States, Australia, Ghana, Jordan, Ireland, Italy and India on various aspects of intellectual and developmental disability, which we hope will be of interest to our readers.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; Intellectual, Developmental and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities; A Systematic Literature Review on People with Intellectual Disability and Health; Prevalence Rate of Intellectual Disability among Children in Barwani, India; The Experiences of Caring for Children with Intellectual Disabilities: Perspectives from Selected Special Schools in Ashanti Region of Ghana; The Quality of Life of Normally Achieving and Low-Achieving Participants: Is It Associated with IQ and Metacognition?; How Family Carers Support Profoundly Intellectually Disabled Persons in Decision Making: A Literature Review; Learning, Motor and Mental Health Profiles in Pupils with Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Average Intellectual Functioning; Effects of Social Skills Training Using Teaching Strategies from Applied Behaviour Analysis on the Social Development of Children with Mild and Moderate Intellectual Disabilities; People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Reactions to Donald Trump Winning the 2016 United States Presidential Election; Ability of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Identify Emotions Using Visual and Musical Stimuli; Prolonged Survival in Trisomy 13: Implications for Counseling and Care Planning; About the Editors; About the Center for Children with Chronic Diseases and Down Syndrome Center Jerusalem, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, Mt Scopus Campus, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Index.

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Book SynopsisA survey of the literature showed that most research studies in children, adolescents and families have been conducted in Western contexts, which may not be applicable to non-Western contexts. Hence, research on children, adolescents and families in non-Western contexts is particularly important and we therefore need to enrich human development and family research in the Chinese context. In this book, we included 16 chapters to demonstrate the advances in Chinese children, adolescents, and family research. And it is our sincere hope that through this book, we can attempt to conduct more empirical studies that can help to promote the research atmosphere and enrich the knowledge of Chinese children, adolescent, and family research in a larger context.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; Advances in Chinese Children, Adolescent and Family Research; Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Psycho-Educational Profile (Third Edition) for Children with Developmental Problems; The Impacts of a UNICEF Health Promotion Project on Primary Health Care in Western China: A Comprehensive Evaluation at Provincial Level; Materialism in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong: Profiles and Socio-Demographic Correlates; Materialism and Egocentrism in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong: Perceptions of Teachers; Family Mealtime Environment and Child Behavior Outcomes in Chinese Preschool Children; Families in Transition in Hong Kong: Implications to Family Research and Practice; Subjective Outcome Evaluation of the Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S Project in China: View of the Students; Evaluation of the Project P.A.T.H.S in Mainland China: Views of the Program Implementers in Senior High Schools; Evaluation of the Training Program of a Positive Youth Development Program: Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S Project in China; Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S; Evaluation Findings of Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S Project Implemented in Junior Secondary Schools: Implementers Views; Subjective Outcome Evaluation of the Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S Project: Views of Senior Secondary School Students; Implementation of the Tin Ka Pin Project in Two Chinese Cities: Students Subjective Outcome Evaluation; Subjective Outcome Evaluation of a Service Leadership Subject: Findings Based on University Students in Hong Kong; Student Development under a New General Education Program in Hong Kong: A 3-Year Longitudinal Assessment; Promotion of Service Leadership Qualities in Chinese University Students: Objective Outcome Evaluation Based on Six Waves of Data; About the Editors; About the Center for Children with Chronic Diseases and Down Syndrome Center Jerusalem, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, Mt Scopus Campus, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; About the Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong; About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; About the Book Series Public health: Practices, Methods and Policies; Index.

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Book SynopsisData mining refers to the activity of going through big data sets to look for relevant information. As human health care data are the most difficult of all data to collect and their primary direction is the treatment of patients, and secondarily dealing with research, almost the only vindication for collecting medical data is to benefit the disease. All data miners should take into account that Medical Knowledge Extraction is internally connected with the Evidence-Based Medical approach because it uses data for already treated or not patients and there are times that opposites to Guideline Based medical practice. Additonally all researchers should be aware when are dealing with medical databases they may face the possibility that their work will never be accepted or even used from health care professionals if all these obligations will not be correctly addressed from the early beginning. In the present book, one can find after the three introductory chapters, a number of successfully evaluated applications that have been developed after mining approaches in Big or smaller amount (according to the application) of medical Data in different fields of every day clinical practice from teams of experts. The challenging adventure of Medical Knowledge Extraction can be followed by ambitious researchers finally resulting in a successful decision support system, that some times is so novel that it will provide new directions for basic or clinical research further that the existed. At least this procedure will save the experience of the best doctors on duty and will help young residents to be better and better.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/medical-knowledge-extraction-from-big-data/

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Book SynopsisCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that can spread from person to person. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China. Chapters 1-16 contain information about the science behind the virus, economic implications, global response and public safety. Chapters 17 and 18 access the readiness of the United States Public Health System in response to emerging infectious diseases, pandemics and biological attacks.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/coronavirus-and-u-s-public-health-preparedness/food

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Book SynopsisIn this book we wanted to identify trajectories of health and their associations with lifestyle factors in a national representative cohort study of older Mexicans. We used secondary data from the Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) second wave 2014-15 in Mexico. The average healthy life expectancy of older Mexicans has actually declined over the past decade. Limited access to nutrition resources and unhealthy dietary styles, due to high poverty, have led to increasing chronic diseases like diabetes among older Mexican adults, which in turn create further financial problems as a result of high out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare. This book deals with angina pectoris, stroke, oral health, eye health, alcohol use, tobacco use, depression, loneliness, arthritis, back pain, obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and sleep. We hope that findings from these papers may aid public policy and programmes for older adults in Mexico.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/mexico-health-and-aging/

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Book SynopsisNigeria -- a pluralistic society - is a sub-Saharan Africa country, home to about 200 million people from 371 cultural tribes. All tribes in Nigeria have their specific cultural beliefs and practices. As a matter of fact, many of these practices had been in existence for hundreds of years, even before British colonization (1800-1960). There exists a strong interrelationship between the society and health. Some practices in the society have negative health implications while some do not. Unfortunately, many of the traditional or cultural practices in the Nigerian society have more associated harms than benefits. In this book we have gathered research that describes health and health aspects of modern Nigeria, which we hope will be of interest to the reader.

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Book SynopsisOver the past decade, the regional governments in Grenada and the Caribbean region, together with public health and clinical institutions, have turned their attention to tacking the rising prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases, in particular, hypertension, diabetes and cancer. The emergence and rising prevalence of these lifestyle diseases are suggestive of a correlation with the cultural transformation that overtook the region. In the first quarter of 2020, the region's health landscape turned another corner with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Improving the health status of Caribbean populations is at the forefront of the agenda of the regional public health institutions and, in producing this book, we provide support for evidenced-based public health practice in the Caribbean region. We hope readers find the issue informative to understanding the public health situation in the Caribbean and will motivate affirmative action to improve public health.

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Book SynopsisThe Corona hype, the Corona panic, has manifested the common cold as a brand new disease. What we present here is the psychosomatic hypothesis for COVID-19. We are living in a time of change. It is easy to assume that we live in a safe and stabile world, but the Corona COVID-19 pandemic has shown the whole world that this is not the case. Mighty forces changes our way of living, thinking and things changes fast. It is difficult to understand what is happening, for you need to be an expert in many different fields in order to really get it: medicine, economy and politics. You even need psychology, sociology and maybe even consciousness-research to fully comprehend what we are dealing with in the 2019-2020 Corona pandemic. This book tries to give you sufficient background in different areas to at least get an idea of what is happening around us in all parts of the world.

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Book SynopsisA major crisis is happening in the world today. It all started in December 2019, when an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. Despite all preventive steps taken by government and health agencies, rising death tolls seem inevitable. The confines of social distancing have driven society toward a sudden and rapid change in all aspects of life, and we are forced to embrace this change as the new "normal". Research conducted in these uncertain times allows us to identify, and analyze the challenges to finding effective strategies and solutions. This book provides current theoretical perspectives, studies, practices, and innovations that will contribute to society during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in Southeast Asia and India. The current work can be used as a reliable reference, as rapid circulation of credible information, transparent case identification, data sharing, unhindered communication, and peer-reviewed research are most needed during this period of uncertainty.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation first describes several methods for glycoengineering the COVID-19 virus to present multiple a-gal epitopes for the amplification of a-gal vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Following this, the authors discuss myopia, the most common ocular disorder worldwide. It is the leading cause of visual impairment in children, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. In closing, the authors analyze the importance of the detection and prevention of wheat stripe rust epidemics in Argentina within the context of an integrated management of the disease.

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Book SynopsisThis book illustrates the use of strategy by national and international groups using fictional case studies. The cases are fictional in the sense that the information provided was not collected using the methodology used for previous case studies about states or groups of states. Instead, the author combined characteristics and information as she saw necessary in order to make the example clear to the reader. The case studies include: an infra-national group strategizing to cope with a phenomenon, an individual, another infra-national group, a supranational group, a government or state, and a group of government or states. It also includes the study of a phenomenon, here COVID-19. The present book also differs from previous case studies to the extent that the various components of the strategy are not clearly identified. This will allow the self-taught strategist to use them to test their own skills at strategic analysis.Table of ContentsPreface; Raising the Question; Strategic Development and Analysis; Strategic Intervention: Making the Best of a Bad Idea; Consumers of Health Services and Poverty; An Infra-national Group Deals with Other Infra-national Groups; An Infra-national Group Deals with a Supranational Group; Two International Organizations Interact; An Infra-national Group Entertains Multilateral Relations; Conclusion; Bibliography; Index; About the Author.

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Book SynopsisThe world is experiencing an unprecedented challenge due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In December 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei province of China. It rapidly spread, resulting in an outbreak of COVID-19. Although the majority of the infected individuals exhibit mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment, older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer may rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, coagulation disorders, multi-organ failure, and death. The course of COVID-19 is usually mild in children. However, in rare cases, children can be severely affected, and clinical manifestations may differ from adults. Some children present the multisystem inflammatory syndrome that is similar to incomplete Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome. There is no specific treatment and vaccine for COVID-19. Due to the high infectivity rate of COVID-19, the unexpected and rapid influx of large numbers of patients, especially patients who need intensive care, have caused great pressure on the health care systems worldwide. The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused fear, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, and a general decrease in overall wellbeing in the population. Healthcare professionals who occupy the front-line during pandemics are at increased risk concerning their physical and mental health. The outbreak of COVID-19 negatively affected all aspects of life including education, trade, and tourism. Our knowledge of this novel virus is limited. However, many ongoing clinical trials are evaluating potential treatments and vaccines. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 will provide important insight into its management and reduce the mortality rate. Based on the latest global scientific data and clinical experiences of the authors, this book gives the readers an overview of COVID-19 pathogenesis and transmission routes, current diagnostic and treatment strategies, the clinical course of the disease in children and elderly patients, the genetic background of differences in the incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infection, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, antioxidant therapy to limit tissue damage, molecular approaches in COVID-19 treatment, and vaccine studies.Table of ContentsPreface; Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of COVID-19; Transmission of New SARS-CoV-2 and Prevention Strategies; Clinical aspect of COVID-19; Diagnosis of COVID-19; Treatment Options for COVID-19 Patients; Intensive Care Management of COVID-19 Patients; Anatomical Basis of COVID-19 Disease; Genetic background of differences in the incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infection; The Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Elderly Patients; SARS COV-2 in Pediatric Patients: Hematological Face of the Disease; COVID-19 and Ophthalmology; The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes; The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases; The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases; The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Cancer; COVID-19 From General Surgery Perspective; Cytokine Storm and Oxidative Stress in COVID-19; Antioxidant Agents in the Treatment of COVID-19; Vaccine Development Studies for COVID-19; Molecular Approaches in COVID-19 Treatment; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 36 focuses on the latest research on medicine and health. The chapters cover managing kidney disease in gout; vancomycin encapsulated in nanocarriers as therapy for infections caused by resistant bacteria; the etiopathogenesis, evaluation and management outcomes for neutropenia; air pollution and bone mineral density and a review of the literature on health care access and health care utilization on infant mortality rates.Table of ContentsPreface; Vancomycin Encapsulated in Nanocarriers as Therapy for Infections Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria; Neutropenia: Etiopathogenesis, Evaluation and Management Outcomes; Potential Infections and Zoonotic Diseases Transmitted by Small Laboratory Mammals; Air Pollution and Bone Mineral Density; Healthcare Access and Utilization and Infant Mortality Rates: A Systematic Review; Managing Kidney Disease in Gout; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn June 2021, new waves of the current COVID-19 pandemic are still messing up our lives and magnetizing the compass of our life. No other epidemics or pandemics have been politicized at such a level since ancient times. The full political spectrum from right to left has tried to ride this pandemic and upset the public health response efforts. Statistics and politics have changed our daily approach to this brutal infection, but even crueler has been the palpable miscommunication. Massive and uncontrolled lockdowns and not climate change are destroying the economy of our planet. Intolerance against vaccine opponents and hesitant families has been vocalized with martial tones in both social media and news channels. In this book, the author analyzes the pandemic in a historical context, emphasizes the importance of facemasks, but also highlights our human approach to anti-mask psychology. It would be appalling to call mistakes in public health decisions "learned lessons" because it reduces the gravity of the consequences of inadequate communication. Our youth is our future. The mental issues arising from a lack of social interaction and in-person education are dreadful. Vaccines are powerful and represent the most outstanding progress in medicine. There is light at the end of the tunnel, but vaccine acceptance or herd immunity is not the answer, or probably, not the only one. There is true hope that we are going back to our world, but the COVID-19 pandemic may be an occasion to reconsider the traditional family in the center of our lives and daily politics. A tolerance towards any race needs to be contagious, militant, and blazing to vehemently rebuild and revitalize the American Dream.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Epidemics & Pandemics; Testing & COVID-19 Natural Immunity; Containment Levels and Preventive Measures; Face-/Head Covering & Faith; Villainy & Anti-Mask Psychology; Rage & Scapegoating; Mental Health and 21st Century Family Challenges; Vaccines & WARP; Vaccines Failure, Hesitancy & Refusal; Mass and Elite Cultures & Tolerance; Solidarity, Social, and Socialism; American Dream; Concluding Remarks.

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Book SynopsisNational Health Care An Annotated Guide To The Current Literature

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Book SynopsisDuring the past 10 years, it has become clear that adolescence is a crucial time for the acquisition of behaviours that will favour good overall health. Indeed, the more adolescents who are able to make favourable decisions regarding their health, the more effective a prevention policy we will have for a number of diseases and illnesses (cardiovascular, psychiatric, cancer, etc.). The specialist''s goal is to have the young person assume more responsibility for his or her health. Such a goal should take into account a number of factors specific to this age group. Accordingly, adolescents should not be thought of simply as miniature adults. If disease is defined in the adult as a loss of good health, it is defined as a problem in the development of good health during adolescence. At this age, the state of one''s health can be attributed, in part, to various adolescent stresses such as family relationships, depressive experiences, and behaviours that include experimentation with drugs. A health care professional must be able to take all of these factors into account. This book gives a voice to the various specialists who encourage this particular way of thinking when approaching adolescents and their health.

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Book SynopsisFor thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has helped countless people with their health, and is still widely sought after today—especially by those all over the world who are intrigued by natural healing and healthcare.The culture underlying TCM is broad and the information incredibly extensive, which means it can be difficult to know where to start for those who are interested in learning. This book does just that, providing both an encyclopedia of knowledge in the field, while also acting as a practical manual to guide readers to greater health. It offers an effective, easy-to-learn set of daily TCM skills and expert advice on how to use them.Through this book, you can learn: Basic concepts such as yin-yang, the five elements, meridians and acupoints, qi, blood flow and constitution How to judge your own health status through constitution tests and develop a personalized health plan for yourself How to make external adjustments for your health through TCM practices such as acupressure, cupping, scraping, heat treatment, acupuncture, massage and other methods TCM methods of natural internal adjustments including food therapy, herbal medicine, breathing techniques, sleep, meditation, qigong and other practices that will enhance your physical and mental health from the inside out A twelve-hour regimen with adaptations for each of the four seasons, stages in life, times of day, and place where it is practiced, allowing readers to customize the plan to their lives

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Book SynopsisIn the year 2008 the new "International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health" was begun under the auspicies of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel in collaboration with Nova Science Publishers in New York in order to facilitate an outlet for peer-reviewed papers in the areas of both child and adolescent health and human development. They hoped that there would be an international interest in such a new journal, and they hoped to receive good-quality reviews and original papers in these areas. This in fact happened, and in this yearbook they have gathered papers from the year 2008. In this book, leading international experts discuss recent advances in child and adolescent health with research findings published in the year 2008.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses current data on the topics of overweightness and walking. Angular momentum as a metric of human walking is discussed as well as the influence of visual, somatosensory and vestibular information and their interaction in relation to postural control and adaptive walking. The most recent evidence concerning the spinal and supraspinal control of human walking is examined as are stride-to-stride variability in patterns of lower extremity muscle activity after stroke. Also discussed in this publication is the effectiveness of school-based policies to reduce childhood obesity; and obesity as a complication of cancer or as a side-effect of a treatment of cancer in children, as well as obesity among community-dwelling older adults and their health-related issues and treatments.

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Book SynopsisCross infection is the transmission of an infectious agent from one person to another because of a poor barrier protection as in patients and immunocompromised hosts. The most common are nosocomial cross infections, which are acquired at a hospital or other healthcare facilities such as outpatient clinics. This book analyses infection control for healthcare workers, epidemiologists, administrations and those responsible for infection control programmes at healthcare facilities. Most carriers of infections are unaware of their condition and therefore it is important that prevention of cross-infection routine is adopted for all patients. The prevention of cross transmission of respiratory viral pathogens in paediatric cancer patients with conventional chemotherapy is also explored. Paediatric cancer patients face an increased risk of potentially life-threatening infectious complications due to their underlying malignancy and to the adverse effects of intensive anticancer treatment. This book further delves into the various aspects of catheter-related infections (CRI) such as diagnosis, incidence, aetiology, pathogenesis and recommended preventive measures. Other chapters in this book focus on the newly emerging CA-MRSA strains which have caused serious community-acquired infections in otherwise healthy children, an examination of the pathogenesis and microbial properties that contribute to the persistence of S aureus in dairy cattle herds, a review of the multi-drug resistant pathogens that are common in patients with severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a discussion of the microbes which cause cross infections and are resistant to antimicrobial agents, and thus present a challenge in treatment and prevention.

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Book SynopsisEmergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics are a critical component of any community''s Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. Assuring the continued viability of the pre-hospital EMS workforce is a key concern for many local, State, Federal, and tribal EMS agencies, as well as national EMS organisations. This book reviews research which is meant to provide guidance to the national EMS community in ensuring a viable EMS workforce for the future.

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Book SynopsisMedicare Advantage (MA) is an alternative way for Medicare beneficiaries to receive covered benefits. Under MA, private health plans are paid a per-person amount to provide all Medicare-covered benefits (except hospice) to beneficiaries who enrol in their plan. As of January 2009, all Medicare beneficiaries had access to an MA plan and 23% of beneficiaries enrolled in one. In general, Medicare Advantage plans offer additional benefits or require smaller co-payments or deductibles than original Medicare. Sometimes beneficiaries pay for these additional benefits through a higher monthly premium, but sometimes they are financed through plan savings. This book highlights the many advantages of the alternative Medicare program. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

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Book SynopsisTraumatic brain injury (TBI), defined in the medical literature as a disruption in brain function that is caused by a head injury, has become known as one of the "signature wounds" of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan due to its high occurrence in post-deployment service members and veterans of these wars. As service members return home, many need ongoing care for mild, moderate, or severe TBI. The growing number of TBI patients and the nature of their injuries creates the need for increased treatment capacity for veterans, and raises a number of policy issues that Congress may move to consider. This book provides a review of traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an illness, its prevalence among veterans, current activity to address the issue in the Department of Veterans Affairs, and current policy issues.

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Book SynopsisOne of the most essential aspects in life for anyone in any society is health and well-being. It is the indispensable base on which happiness is based. This book examines these two important aspects of life. It focuses on the social and cultural aspects of health and well-being in current societies and cultures. Traditionally, health research has placed a greater emphasis on physical and clinical aspects such as diseases, medical treatments and rehabilitation. With an increasing interest in population health, particularly in the current context of globalisation, the sphere of health research has been expanded to also cover social and cultural factors which not only affect health conditions of individuals and communities but can also be determining health factors in some respects.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThe Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 established an outpatient voluntary prescription drug benefit under a new Medicare Part D. Drug coverage is provided through private prescription drug plans (PDPs), which offer only prescription drug coverage, or through Medicare Advantage (MA) prescription drug plans. This new book examines Medicare Part D and prescription drug issues; the effects of using generic drugs on Medicare''s prescription drug spending; and Medicare Part D and its impact in the nursing home sector.

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Book SynopsisThe Health Care Reform Law makes many significant changes to the private and public markets for health insurance, as well as modifications to aspects of the publicly financed health care delivery system. It represents the most significant reform to the Medicaid program since its establishment in 1965. This new and important book details some of the major changes to the Medicaid and CHIP programs and provides a timeline of effective dates for these provisions.

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Book SynopsisMedicare is a federal insurance program that pays for covered health care services of qualified beneficiaries. Since 1965, the Medicare program has undergone considerable changes. Most recently, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, signed into law in March 2010, made numerous changes to the Medicare program that modify provider reimbursements, provide incentives to increase the quality and efficiency of care and enhance certain Medicare benefits. This new book provides an overview of Medicare services and provisions.

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Book SynopsisThroughout history, in times of economic or political uncertainty, people have called on Lady Luck for help. This book shows how to let chance and chance-inspired action work for us. In addition, this book shows how the process of change can stop becoming a chore and become, instead, a playful experience.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of various health-related issues, injuries and diseases. Topics discussed include the physiopathology of spinal cord injuries; factors affecting the progression of AIDS; the role of stress in chronic fatigue syndrome; drug resistant tuberculosis; melatonin as a possible medical treatment for childhood insomnia; dizziness and strength training against sarcopenia in the elderly.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents topical research in the study of systolic blood pressure, including evidence that coping with psychological demands elicits an increase in systolic blood pressure; poor glucose control and stiff arteries; blood pressure changes in patients with migraines; transition from sub-clinical systolic dysfunction to heart failure and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) in patients with hypertension.

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Book SynopsisBook & DVD. This book provides an ongoing assessment of the exposure of the U.S. population to environmental chemicals by the use of biomonitoring.

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Book SynopsisFederal domestic drug control policy has evolved over the course of the past century and currently consists of a three-pronged approach to reducing illegal drug use: prevention, substance abuse treatment and enforcement activities. This book examines the war on drugs and drug enforcement efforts; the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign; the background and effectiveness of the drug courts and the legal issues relating to the disposal of dispensed controlled substances.

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Book SynopsisGlobalisation has placed increasing demands on the FDA in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drugs marketed in the United States. Drugs manufactured in more than 100 countries were offered for entry into the U.S. in fiscal year 2009. The FDA inspects manufacturing establishments in order to ensure that the safety and quality of drugs are not jeopardised by poor manufacturing practices. This book examines the issues and impacts of foreign pharmaceuticals, including more foreign drug inspections by the FDA; and improving the FDA''s information and oversight on foreign drug establishments.

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Book SynopsisPneumonia, an inflammatory condition of the lung, is one of the most common serious infections, causing two million deaths annually among young and old alike. This book studies the symptoms, diagnoses and treatment of pneumonia. Topics discussed include the modes of supportive treatment in patients with pneumonia; pneumocystis jirovecii in AIDS patients; nosocomial pneumonia surveillance and prevention in PICU and NICU; ventilator-associated pneumonia; community acquired staphylococcal pneumonia associated with influenza and radiological patterns of pulmonary infections.

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