Psychological methodology Books

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Book SynopsisDesigned for social scientists working with big data sets, this book maps out the cycle of research, from epistemology and ethical questions to data collection and analysis. It introduces a unique mixed methods approach by integrating qualitative and quantitative methods. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.Trade Review'This book offers a more than welcome clarification of the role of pragmatism as a framework for several methodological contexts. It is very important for qualitative, mixed methods, and big data research, and for the methodological foundation of psychological research. It is clearly written and very accessible for various audiences.' Uwe Flick, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany'We must congratulate the authors for this bountiful attempt to cross the divide between the quantitative and qualitative research communities. Their choice of philosophic pragmatism as the vehicle for this uniting is right on target, and their concern with ethical implications adds vital dimension to the ongoing dialogues. This is a vitally needed reflection.' Kenneth J. Gergen, Swarthmore College, USA'This remarkable book insists that social research should work on expanding human possibilities in ethical, imaginative, and responsive ways. Building on early American pragmatism, the authors argue that complex multifarious human interests can only be addressed by mixing different research methods. Their stance greatly contributes to current debates on truth, post-truth, epistemology, and useful knowledge, among other fundamental issues.' Ivana Markova, University of Stirling, UK'This book should be used in introductory research methods courses, to complement the standard texts. Students will enjoy this book, which presents a clear and elegant introduction to research methodology from a pragmatist perspective, with a leaning toward mixed methodology.' Fathali M. Moghaddam, Georgetown University, USA'Informative, insightful, and eminently practical. Gillespie, Glăveanu, and de Saint Laurent capture the spirit of pragmatist thinking, redevelop it in the context of contemporary problems, and present it to us in a way that is timely and reinvigorates social scientific inquiry.' Kieran O'Doherty, University of Guelph, CanadaTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Pragmatism; 2. Epistemology: How We Know; 3. Theory: What We Know; 4. Creating Questions; 5. Eliciting and Transforming Data; 6. Mixing Qualitative And Quantitative Methods; 7. Multi-Resolution Research; 8. Ethics; 9. Expanding Human Possibilities; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisChallenging traditional methodologies, this analysis uncovers biases in health research. Covering fundamental principles, tools, and ethics, it offers in-depth case examples. Aimed at students and professionals, it promotes critical evaluation for a nuanced understanding of evidence production.

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Book SynopsisExplore Billig and Marinho's highly original study of politicians misusing statistics, misleading the public and manipulating statisticians. This book also highlights how the British and French statistical agencies aim to combat this increasingly serious problem. Tailored for all audiences, it is a clearly written, insightful, and witty work.

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Book SynopsisSurveys are used extensively in psychology, sociology and business, and many other areas, but they are becoming increasingly difficult to conduct. This book provides the first systematic examination of the populations and settings that present unusual challenges, from Irish travellers to natural disasters, discussing methods to overcome these difficulties.Trade Review'The challenge of doing research with rare and difficult to find populations is shared across all sectors of the research industry. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of methods specifically designed to meet that challenge.' Reg Baker, Senior Consultant, Market Strategies International'Hard- to-Survey Populations fills a key gap in the survey methods literature. It will be relied upon by both novices and experts.' Stanley Presser, Distinguished University Professor, University of MarylandTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Defining hard-to-survey populations; 2. Hard-to-survey populations in comparative perspective; 3. Measuring undercounts for hard-to-survey groups; 4. Counting and estimating hard-to-survey populations in the 2011 Census; 5. A review of quality issues associated with studying hard-to-survey populations; Part II. Conducting Surveys in Difficult Settings: 6. Disaster research: surveying displaced populations; 7. Conducting surveys in areas of armed conflict; 8. Interviewing in disaster-affected areas: lessons learned from post-Katrina surveys of New Orleans residents; 9. Reaching and enumerating homeless populations; 10. 'Where are our costumes?': The All Ireland Traveller Health Study - our Geels 2007–11; Part III. Conducting Surveys with Special Populations: 11. Representing the populations: what general social surveys can learn from surveys among specific groups; 12. Surveying cultural and linguistic minorities; 13. Challenges to surveying immigrants; 14. Ethnographic evaluations on coverage of hard-to-count minorities in US decennial censuses; 15. Methodological and ethical issues arising in carrying out research with children and young people; 16. Challenges in the first ever national survey of people with intellectual disabilities; 17. Conducting research on vulnerable and stigmatized populations; 18. Surveying political extremists; Part IV. Sampling Strategies for the Hard to Survey: 19. Probability sampling methods for hard-to-sample populations; 20. Recent developments of sampling hard-to-survey populations: an assessment; 21. Indirect sampling for hard-to-reach populations; 22. Sampling the Māori population using proxy screening, the Electoral Roll, and disproportionate sampling in the New Zealand Health Survey; 23. Network-based methods for accessing hard-to-survey populations using standard surveys; 24. Link-tracing and respondent-driven sampling; Part V. Data Collection Strategies for the Hard to Survey: 25. Use of paid media to encourage 2010 Census participation among the hard to count; 26. The hard to reach among the poor in Europe: lessons from Eurostat's EU-SILC survey in Belgium; 27. Tailored and targeted designs for hard-to-survey populations; 28. Standardization and meaning in the survey of linguistically diversified populations: insights from the ethnographic observation of linguistic minorities in 2010 Census interviews; 29. Mobilizing hard-to-survey populations to participate fully in censuses and surveys; 30. Finding the hard to reach and keeping them engaged in research.

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Book SynopsisAcculturation is the process of group and individual changes in culture and behaviour that result from intercultural contact. This Element presents variations in the meanings of the concept and a survey of empirical work with indigenous, immigrant and ethnocultural peoples around the globe that employed both qualitative and quantitative methods.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Acculturation; 3. General acculturation framework; 4. Adaptation to acculturation; 5. Assessment of acculturation and adaptation; 6. Empirical research on acculturation; 7. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisA new eye-opener on how we can make better decisions—by the author of Gut FeelingsIn this age of big data we often trust that expert analysis—whether it’s about next year’s stock market or a person’s risk of getting cancer—is accurate. But, as risk expert Gerd Gigerenzer reveals in his latest book, Risk Savvy, most of us, including doctors, lawyers, and financial advisors, often misunderstand statistics, leaving us misinformed and vulnerable to exploitation.Yet there’s hope. In Risk Savvy, Gigerenzer gives us an essential guide to the science of good decision making, showing how ordinary people can make better decisions for their money, their health, and their families. Here, Gigerenzer delivers the surprising conclusion that the best results often come from considering less information and listening to your gut.

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Book SynopsisThe Updated Third Edition has been fully revised for the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2020), both in the APA style sections within content and the references. The language within the text has been updated to be as inclusive as possible regarding all aspects of identity. The APA sections on style, paper preparation, and ethics have been updated and the text itself has been formatted in the 7th edition style to better reflect the latest style guidance.  Both comprehensive and clear, Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences, Third Edition author Gregory J. Privitera employs a problem-focused approach to introduce research methods. A conversational writing tone speaks to learners directly, empowering students to view research methods as something they are capable of understanding and applying. Within each chapter, studenTable of ContentsAbout the Author Acknowledgments Preface To the Student—How to Use SPSS With This Book SECTION I • SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Chapter 1 • Introduction to Scientific Thinking Chapter 2 • Generating Testable Ideas Chapter 3 • Research Ethics SECTION II • DEFINING AND MEASURING VARIABLES, SELECTING SAMPLES, AND CHOOSING AN APPROPRIATE RESEARCH DESIGN Chapter 4 • Identifying Scientific Variables Chapter 5 • Sampling From Populations Chapter 6 • Choosing a Research Design SECTION III • NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS Chapter 7 • Naturalistic, Qualitative, and Existing Data Research Designs Chapter 8 • Survey and Correlational Research Designs SECTION IV • QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGNS Chapter 9 • Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Experimental Designs Chapter 10 • Between-Subjects Experimental Designs Chapter 11 • Within-Subjects Experimental Designs Chapter 12 • Factorial Experimental Designs SECTION V • ANALYZING, INTERPRETING, AND COMMUNICATING RESEARCH DATA Chapter 13 • Analysis and Interpretation: Exposition of Data Chapter 14 • Analysis and Interpretation: Making Decisions About Data Chapter 15 • Communicating Research: Preparing Manuscripts, Posters, and Talks Appendix A: APA-Style Writing, Sample Manuscript, and Posters Appendix B: Instructions for Randomizing and Counterbalancing Appendix C: SPSS General Instructions Guide and Statistical Tables Glossary References Index

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Book SynopsisThe Wiley Handbook of Personality Assessment presents the state-of-the-art in the field of personality assessment, providing a perspective on emerging trends, and placing these in the context of research advances in the associated fields.Table of ContentsAbout the Editor x About the Contributors xii Foreword by Professor Irving B. Weiner xxxi Preface xxxiii Section I Emerging Conceptual Trends 1 1 Integrating Trait and Process Approaches to Personality: A Sketch of an Agenda 3Robert R. McCrae 2 Personality Assessment and Theory 19Philip J. Corr and Arthur E. Poropat 3 Situational Perception: Its Theoretical Foundation, Assessment, and Links to Personality 31Kai T. Horstmann and Matthias Ziegler 4 Temperamental Components of the Developing Personality 44James B. Victor, Mary K. Rothbart, Spencer R. Baker, and Jennifer L. Tackett 5 Integrity Tests: A Review of Alternate Conceptualizations and Some Measurement and Practical Issues 59Chockalingam Viswesvaran and Deniz S. Ones 6 Network Analysis: A New Way to Think about Personality 74Giulio Costantini and Marco Perugini 7 Theory and Measurement of Trait Emotional Intelligence 90K.V. Petrides, Alexander B. Siegling, and Donald H. Saklofske 8 Beyond IQ and EQ: The Bar‐On Multifactor Model of Performance 104Reuven Bar‐On 9 Measuring the Dark Side of Personality 119Ashton C. Southard and Virgil Zeigler‐Hill 10 Diversity and Assessment 134Joyce P. Chu, Brian A. Maruyama, Ashley Elefant, and Bruce Bongar 11 Future Directions for Personality Assessment: An African Perspective 146Sumaya Laher 12 Advances in the Use and Interpretation of the MMPI‐2 158Salazar‐Schneiderman, Caroline S. Tonetti, Lacey M. Sommers, and Roger L. Greene Section II Emerging Assessment Perspectives and Methodological Issues 173 13 Objective Personality Assessment with the MMPI‐2: An Internationally Adaptable Measure 175James N. Butcher 14 Precision Assessment: An Individualized and Temporally Dynamic Approach to Understanding Patients in their Daily Lives 192Michael J. Roche and Aaron L. Pincus 15 Are Situational Judgment Tests Better Assessments of Personality than Traditional Personality Tests in High‐Stakes Testing? 205Deborah L. Whetzel and Michael A. McDaniel 16 Alternatives to Self‐Reports: Conditional Reasoning Problems and Implicit Association Test (IAT) Based Tasks 215Zvonimir Galic,́ Andreja Bubic,́ and Maja Parmac ̌Kovacǐ ć 17 Therapeutic Assessment in Clinical and Counseling Psychology Practice 228Radhika Krishnamurthy, Stephen E. Finn, and Filippo Aschieri 18 Personality Assessment in Ecological Settings by Means of Virtual Reality 240Pietro Cipresso and Giuseppe Riva 19 The Use of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist (PCL‐R) and Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM) in Forensic Psychological Assessment 249Carl B. Gacono, Aaron J. Kivisto, Jason M. Smith, and Ted B. Cunliffe 20 Holtzman Inkblot Technique and Personality Assessment 268C.R. Darolia 21 Integrative Treatments Come of Age: Systematic Treatment Selection (STS) 285Christopher J. Edwards, Lori Holleran, and Larry E. Beutler 22 Personality Assessment Paradigms: Issues and Challenges 302Vijay Parkash and Updesh Kumar 23 Identification and Assessment of the Correlates of Military Suicide 323Kasie L. Hummel, James Sottile, Danielle Spangler, and Bruce Bongar 24 Integrative Clinical Assessment of Sexual and Gender Minority Clients 333Whitney Bliss, Samantha Pflum, Matthew Skinta, Rylan J. Testa, Rebecca Floyd, and Peter Goldblum 25 Using the Johnson‐Neyman Procedure to Detect Item Bias in Personality Tests: A Proposed New Method andPractical Guidelines for Data Analysis 346Burak Tunca 26 User Reactions to Personality Assessment: Implications for Assessment Credibility, Utility, and Practicality 361Chris D. Fluckinger and Andrea F. Snell 27 Novel Approaches to Adjusting for Positive Response Distortion with the Personality Assessment Inventory 374John E. Kurtz, Lindsey L. Bupp, and Corinne M. Henk 28 Applicant Faking Behavior: The Elephant in the Room 387Richard L. Griffith, Patrick D. Converse, Yumiko Mochinushi, and Matthias Ziegler 29 Transforming Assessment: New Pedagogies for the Digital Age 399Swati Johar and Updesh Kumar 30 Ethical Issues in Personality Assessment 415Swati Mukherjee and Updesh Kumar Index 427

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Book SynopsisWritten by an experienced teacher of statistics, the new edition of this accessible yet authoritative textbook covers all areas of undergraduate statistics and provides a firm foundation upon which students can build their own knowledge. Featuring new chapters on Bayesian and multiple regression analysis, this book gives students a working understanding of how to conduct reliable and methodical research using statistics. Brysbaert illustrates the key concepts using examples from psychological research, with clear formulas and explanations for calculations. With helpful chapter-by-chapter guidance for carrying out tests using SPSS, as well as coverage of jamovi and JASP software, this book aims to develop students' confidence in statistical analysis, and to take the fear out of the topic. It offers an easily navigable layout filled with features that help learners to avoid common pitfalls and check their understanding along the way. This engaging and informative guide is essential reaTable of Contents1. Using statistics in psychology research 2. Summarising data using the frequency distribution 3. Summarising data using measures of central tendency 4. Summarising data using measures of variability 5. Standardised scores, normal distribution and probability 6. Using the t-test to measure the difference between independent groups 7. Interpreting the results of a statistical test: The traditional approach 8. Interpreting the results of a statistical test: The Bayesian approach 9. Non-parametric tests of difference between independent groups 10. Using the t-test to measure change in related samples 11. Non-parametric tests to measure changes in related samples 12. Improving predictions through the Pearson correlation coefficient 13. Improving predictions through non-parametric tests 14. Using analysis of variance as an extension of t-tests 15. Using analysis of variance for designs with more than one independent variable 16. More than one predictor in correlational studies: Multiple regression 17. More than one observation per condition per participant: Mixed-effects analysis.

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Book SynopsisLearning how to do research well is not easy, and for newer scholars the process can feel overwhelming.Using clear and supportive language, this book is designed to help graduate students and early career professionals in psychology develop skills to effectively work through the research process. Chapters cover the essential character traits and skills that are necessary to become an effective researcher, walk through the main steps for completing a research project from start to finish, and discuss considerations when building a career and research program. Rather than the nitty-gritty of research methods, authors Joshua N. Hook, Don E. Davis, and Daryl R. Van Tongeren focus on the big picture of what is required in research. Chapters in the first section address overarching principles—the personal growth, attributes, and habits that are important to develop to become a successful researcher. The second section illustrates the key steps inTable of Contents Foreword Everett L. Worthington, Jr. Preface Introduction: How This Book Can Help Build Research and Leadership SkillsI. Principles: Building Yourself Into a Successful Researcher Chapter 1. Finding and Sustaining Motivation: Connecting Your Values to the Research Process Chapter 2. Building Community as You Build Your Research Career Chapter 3. Building Expertise in Research Chapter 4. Setting Goals for Your Research Chapter 5. Developing Good Habits for Successful Research Chapter 6. Cultivating Positive Beliefs to Foster Research Success Chapter 7. Nurturing the Mind–Body Connection to Support Productivity Chapter 8. Navigating Adversity During the Research ProcessII. Plan: The Research Project From Start to Finish Chapter 9. Choosing a Topic for Your Research Project Chapter 10. Conducting a Literature Review Chapter 11. Designing Your Research Project Chapter 12. Planning the Method Section Chapter 13. Preparing for the Proposal Meeting Chapter 14. Planning for and Conducting Data Collection Chapter 15. Analyzing Data and Writing Your Results Chapter 16. Crafting the Discussion Chapter 17. Writing the Abstract Chapter 18. Making a Conference Presentation Chapter 19. Preparing Your Research Project for PublicationIII. Program: Developing Leadership Skills and Jump-Starting Your Research Career Chapter 20. Stepping Into Leadership in Your Research Career Chapter 21. Developing a Research Program Chapter 22. Collaborating With Others in Research Chapter 23. Making the Transition From Graduate Student to Professor Chapter 24. Mentoring Students Chapter 25. Balancing Cohesion and Inclusion in Teams Chapter 26. Conclusion: Final Thoughts on Growing as a ResearcherAppendix: Sample Timelines References Index About the Authors

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Book SynopsisEngagingly written, this book builds the reader's skills for conducting in-depth interviews designed to address a particular research question. With an emphasis on the dynamics of the research relationship, Ruthellen Josselson artfully demonstrates the steps of a successful interview. Each step is illustrated with excerpts from interviews on diverse topics. The book describes how to structure interviews effectively, develop questions that elicit meaningful narratives, cultivate skills for empathic listening and responding, avoid common pitfalls, and deal with problems that develop in an interview. Pedagogical Features *Practice exercises adapted from Josselson's popular workshops. *Annotated examples of good and bad interviews. *A chapter on interviewing dos and don'ts. *Appendices with interview aids, sample follow-up questions, and a sample consent form.Trade ReviewAny qualitative researcher using interviewing could benefit from this text. It is full of interesting interview examples and stories that will catch students' attention. Strengths include the emphasis on responding to research questions, examples of how to elicit details and reflection from research participants, and the attention to images and metaphors. The chapter on 'dos and don'ts' is one of my favorites.--Penny L. Burge, PhD, Department of Educational Research and Evaluation, Virginia TechThis is a methodological bible for graduate students, undergraduates, and faculty members interested in conducting interviews, gathering life stories, and building a narrative intimacy with participants. Slender but deep, the volume offers respectful support to qualitative researchers so that we may venture into unsteady territory, muster the courage to be psychologically attentive and engaged, and not stumble. With a delicate braid of narrative theory, methodological guideposts, and a terrifically useful list of interview dos and don'ts, Josselson is an intellectually thrilling and methodologically wise escort for novice and experienced interviewers alike. You will want to read this book immediately, teach it, and then pull it out again when you are about to begin another project. It is classic Josselson--compelling, brilliant, and irresistible.--Michelle Fine, PhD, Doctoral Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New YorkJosselson's book is a gold mine for those who conduct research interviews in order to understand people's experiences on their own terms. Drawing on decades of experience as a researcher and teacher, Josselson provides practical guidance about how to carry out interviews that balance human connection with scientific inquiry. This book should be required reading for all social scientists engaged in interview research; my students will certainly be reading it!--Harold D. Grotevant, PhD, Rudd Family Foundation Chair in Psychology, University of Massachusetts AmherstA thoughtful account of how to conduct interviews that invite participants to talk. It does a wonderful job of placing the interviewer/n-/interviewee relationship front and center, something often overlooked or inadequately addressed in other books about interviewing for research. It does a terrific job of explaining the difference between interviewing for qualitative research purposes and interviewing for other reasons. I loved that the text was filled with excerpts from transcripts and that these were from interviews about a variety of topics.--Carey E. Andrzejewski, PhD, Department of Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology, Auburn UniversityThis is a very well-presented text on conducting interviews. I particularly like the examples of difficult interviews. These examples, along with the refining questions, are major strengths of the book.--Elizabeth Monk-Turner, PhD, Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University -“In her inimitable way, Josselson captures the essence and the detail of qualitative interviewing that students in particular need. She clearly details the nature of human experience as a layered and complex manifestation of the storied or narrative nature of interaction that occurs in an interview. The excellence of Josselson's text resides in her accurate prediction of the many challenges that students will experience as they pursue the use of qualitative research interviewing methodology. In effect, she alerts students to plan for various pitfalls that can and will occur, leaving them excellently prepared with tools and strategies as they venture into their beginning participant interviews. What makes Josselson's text an outstanding teaching tool is her insistence that it is the development of the participant-researcher relationship that leads the novice researcher through the seeming quagmire of methodology and provides the key factor in obtaining rich, textured data….Josselson's excellent text provides the steps and examples necessary for students and researchers to acquire and further develop their knowledge and relational skills as qualitative researchers. She inspires students by describing many of the difficulties encountered as being reasonable expectations rather than making this aspect of qualitative research difficult to understand and master. I recommend Interviewing for Qualitative Inquiry for a broad audience, including novice to experienced qualitative researchers….Doctoral and postdoctoral-level researchers and educators will, in reading this text, coalesce their earlier interview experience into a coherent whole to be presented to graduate students and research fellows. Experienced quantitative researchers will find in this resource an excellent explanation of the validity of the qualitative research-interviewing methodology.”--PsycCRITIQUES, 3/1/2014ƒƒ“Based on her decades of research and teaching, Josselson provides an authoritative account for conducting interviews that are self-consciously embedded in social worlds and relationships….As qualitative researchers, we share titles only of those that add to our understanding or provide new insights and modes for training the next generation. If you are a qualitative researcher, you should add Josselson's new book to that list….Includes incredibly helpful appendices….I came to think of her text as teaching students and scholars how to be ‘embedded’ as interviewers: how to anticipate, listen empathetically, and make the most of the complicated social dynamics of the interview scene. One of my favorite aspects of her book is that she is also not afraid to tell novice interviewers what not to do….Josselson is truly a mentor and guide for up-and-coming qualitative methodologists, and that voice and her insights come across clearly in this slim and useful volume. I would recommend it for courses in psychology, education, nursing, social work, sociology, communications and related fields. Specifically, I think it will serve well in methods courses, and even as a supplementary book in any mid- to upper- level course that requires or allows undergraduates or graduates to conduct their own research. I plan to use it to prepare my advanced undergraduates when they embark on research projects of their own devising or when they are supporting my research agendas. I think it will make them more reflexive but also more confident in the moves available to them as qualitative researchers.”--Journal of Social Psychology, 5/21/2014Table of Contents1.The Foundations of Interviewing as Qualitative Inquiry2. Introduction to the Research Relationship3. Planning the Interview4. Beginning the Interview5. The Empathic Attitude of Listening6. The Research Relationship, Part II: Ethics and Humanity7. The Good Interview8. Learning from Bad and Difficult Interviews9. Dos and Don'ts of Interviewing10. After the Interview11. ConclusionAppendix A. Interview AidsAppendix B. Sample Additional QuestionsAppendix C. Sample Informed Consent Form

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Book SynopsisResearch Basics: Design to Data Analysis in Six Steps offers a fresh and creative approach to the research process based on author James V. Spickard's decades of teaching experience.Using an intuitive six-step model, readers learn how to craft a research question and then identify a logical process for answering it. Conversational writing and multi-disciplinary examples illuminate the model's simplicity and power, effectively connecting the hows and whys behind social science research. Students using this book will learn how to turn their research questions into results.Trade Review"An extremely well organized text covering basics of research design and methods that consistently uses the six steps in the text and in examples to assure that students understand." -- Anne Rothstein"As Spickard explains, students tend to fear and shy away from research and particularly statistics courses. This textbook is designed in such a manner that it engages the student and keeps the student′s attention through case illustrations and an easy-to-read format." -- Manuel Zamora"It incorporates much of what must be pieced together from multiple resources into one text. The six-step strategy breaks the process down into manageable units, and it is clear to me how each step contributes to the overall process." -- Terry Webster"It′s a textbook with lots of unique features, such as question-method match, data type-analytical tool match, as well as ethical theory-practice match. It′s easy to follow and it acts as a textbook and a practical guide for undergraduate students. Chapters are organized as cooking recipes and examples are interesting and inspiring." -- Lei Zhang"Scholarly but not threatening to students who are scared of the word "research". The layout, language, and images make a challenging subject easier to understand and much less overwhelming." -- Timothy Gunnells"Research is hard. This text helps explain a complicated process and guides students through research design in simpler terms. As an instructor, I appreciate authors who understand the challenges associated with teaching research methods courses." -- Marquita Walker"While many research design texts struggle with integrating statistical applications within the broader design process, this text is a notable exception." -- Ryan McGill"A logical and thoughtfully designed text that brings together a preferred approach with the right amount of rigor." -- Robert H Buckham"A refreshing, holistic view of introductory research methods." -- Stephanie Morgan"This is an excellent introductory text for students that are interested in quantitative analysis. A nice feature of the book is that incorporates the increasingly important aspect of ethics in data collection and analysis." -- Andreas Kern"Clear, concise, conversational introduction to the basic principles and activities of research. Useful for students of research at any stage, and especially appropriate for students who are new to the design and performance of research projects." -- Neil Coulter· "Aimed at being easy to understand and to take some of the ‘scary’ out of the research process." -- Jessica Rack"Concise, comprehensive, and practical; its emphasis on ethics is clearly relevant within the context of studying human behavior within societies around the world." -- Patrick Webb"James Spickard′s SAGE′s Research Basics: Design to Data Analysis in Six Steps provides students the ability, confidence, and skill set to take a complex subject and make it theirs by owning it. How you ask? The text addresses the ′fear′ of research and its ′flight′ aspect; yet, by providing a moment to laugh and self-reflect both instructor and student become authentic partners in research methods for community change." -- Janine Spinola TaylorTable of ContentsFor Instructors: Why This Book? What Lies Ahead Acknowledgments About the Author Introduction Why a Six-Step Formula? Looking Ahead PART ONE THE SIX STEPS Chapter 1 Step 1: Develop a Good Research Question Start With a Research Topic From Topic to Question An Example: Mass Transit Making Decisions Search the Literature Recraft Your Research Question Questions Based on the Literature Three More Possibilities Start Your Research Proposal The Parts of a Proposal A Proposal in Brief: The Concept Paper Review Questions Notes Chapter 2 Step 2: Choose a Logical Structure for Your Research Three Examples 1. Comparing Outcomes 2. Systematic Description 3. Seeking Correlations Ten Logical Structures for Research 1. True Experiments 2. Quasi-Experiments 3. Ex Post Facto Research 4. Correlational Research 5. Descriptive Research 6. Case Studies 7. Historical Research 8. Longitudinal Research 9. Meta-Analysis 10. Action Research Matching Logical Structure to the Research Question Review Questions Notes Chapter 3 Step 3: Identify the Type of Data You Need Fourteen Types of Data 1. Acts, Behavior, or Events 2. Reports of Acts, Behavior, or Events 3. Economic Data 4. Organizational Data 5. Demographic Data 6. Self-Identity 7. Shallow Opinions and Attitudes 8. Deeply Held Opinions and Attitudes 9. Personal Feelings 10. Cultural Knowledge 11. Expert Knowledge 12. Personal and Psychological Traits 13. Experience as It Presents Itself to Consciousness 14. Hidden Social Patterns Review Questions Notes Chapter 4 Step 4: Pick a Data Collection Method Match Your Method to Your Data Data Type 1: Acts, Behavior, or Events Data Type 2: Reports of Acts, Behavior, or Events Data Types 3, 4, and 5: Economic, Organizational, and Demographic Data Data Type 6: Self-Identity Data Types 7 and 8: Shallow and Deeply Held Opinions and Attitudes Data Type 9: Personal Feelings Three Examples (that include data types 10-12) Example 1: Mass Transit and Property Values Example 2: Mass Transit and Street Life Example 3: Best Places to Work Data Type 13: Experience as It Presents Itself to Consciousness Hidden Social Patterns Research Ethics Unethical Research Implementing Ethical Practices Institutional Review Boards Review Questions Notes Chapter 5 Step 5: Choose Your Data Collection Site Demographic and Economic Data Opinions, Identities, and Reports of Acts at a Shallow Level Populations and Samples Sample Size, Margin of Error, and Confidence Level Observable Behavior Deeply Held Opinions and Attitudes Cultural and Expert Knowledge Hidden Social Patterns The Remaining Data Types Review Questions Notes Chapter 6 Step 6: Pick a Data Analysis Method Preliminary Questions What Kind of Analysis Does Your Research Question Require? What Form Does Your Data Take? What Is Your Unit of Observation? What Is Your Unit of Analysis? Working With Numeric Data: Describing Working With Numeric Data: Comparing Interval/Ratio Data Ordinal and Categorical Data Identifying Cause What Statistical Test Should I Use? Three Fallacies Working With Qualitative Data Respondent-Centered Versus Researcher-Centered Analysis Coding Internal Versus External Coding Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Software Warnings Review Questions Summarizing the Six Steps Notes PART TWO COLLECTING AND ANALYZING DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA Chapter 7 Comparing: Economic, Demographic, and Organizational Data About Comparing Comparing San Antonio and Portland Comparing the 50 U.S. States About Correlations Three Examples Comparing Places: Do Walkable Neighborhoods Improve Health? Comparing Organizations: Does Treating Employees Well Increase Company Performance? Comparing Schools: Do Charter Schools Improve Student Test Scores? Research Ethics Review Questions Notes Chapter 8 Surveying: Shallow Opinions, Identities, and Reports of Acts Three Reminders Two Examples Studying School Safety Kids’ Attitudes Toward Reading Survey Data Analysis Analyzing Interval/Ratio Survey Results Analyzing Ordinal and Categorical Data Practical Matters Creating Your Questionnaire Sampling (Again) Surveying Online Research Ethics Review Questions Notes Chapter 9 Interviewing: Deep Talk to Gather Several Types of Data Hermeneutic Interviews An Example: “Motherloss” How to Write an Interview Protocol Coding Your Data Interviews With Experts Critical Incident Interviews Focus Groups Phenomenological Interviews An Example How Is It Done? Other Types of Data How Many Subjects? Research Ethics Review Questions Notes Chapter 10 Scales: Looking for Underlying Traits Scales of Psychological Well-Being Creating Scales Using the Scales Analyzing Scale Research T-Tests and Analysis of Variance Control Variables Research Ethics Review Questions Notes Chapter 11 Recording Behavior: Acts and Reports of Acts Watching People Watching Gender Speech Collecting Self-Reports A Variation: The Beeper Studies Watching Animals Watching Chimps Ravens and Elephant-Shrews What If They Hide? Experiments Experiments About Stereotype Threat Experiments About Discrimination Rules for Experiments Research Ethics Review Questions Notes Chapter 12 Finding Hidden Social Patterns: In Life, Texts, and Popular Culture About Hidden Patterns Analyzing Texts Dreams as Texts Other Texts Analyzing Discourses Critical Discourse Analysis Two Examples Analyzing Popular Culture: The Soaps Research Ethics Review Questions Notes Chapter 13 Ethnography: Exploring Cultural and Social Scenes The Three Goals Goal One: Seeing the World as the Participants See It Goal Two: Watching What Participants Do On Taking Field Notes Goal Three: Understanding Hidden Patterns What Doesn’t Matter Steps to a Successful Ethnography Gaining Access Developing Rapport Listening to Language Being an Observed Observer What About Objectivity? Writing Your Results A Word About Grounded Theory Research Ethics Review Questions Notes Chapter 14 Extended Example: Counting the Homeless What Caused the Homeless Crisis? Who Is Homeless? How Can We Find and Count Street Homeless? Peter Rossi’s Chicago Count Martha Burt’s Weeklong Method Counting San Bernardino Conflicting Results Correcting National Figures Research Ethics Reflections Summary of the Six Steps Notes Research Guides and Handouts Six-Steps Graphic: From Research Question to Data Analysis What Is a Concept Paper? How to Choose a Data Collection Method A Template for Field Notes How to Write an Interview Protocol How Many Subjects? (for interview studies) Interview Rule-of-Thumb Flowchart for Nonrandom Samples What Statistical Tests Should I Use? Glossary Author Index Subject Index

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