Political science and theory Books

Book SynopsisThe State and its Critics is an authoritative selection of recent essays in normative political philosophy on the state as a form of political institution, focusing on its role with respect to such values as freedom, justice, well-being, economic efficiency, community, democracy and peace. These essays represent a variety of views about the state, from anarchist to statist and a variety of philosophical orientations, conservative, libertarian, Marxian and liberal.Table of ContentsTHE STATE AND ITS CRITICS Volume I Part I Anarchism 1. James M Buchanan (1978), ‘A Contractarian Perspective on Anarchy.’ 2. Richard A Falk (1978), ‘Anarchism and World Order.’ 3. Michael Taylor (1982), ‘Social Order Without State.’ Part II Alternatives to the States 4. John Burnheim (1985), ‘Democracy and the State.’ 5. John Burnheim (1985), ‘The Alternative to Electoral Democracy‘ from ‘Democracy and Respresentation.’ Part III The Minimal State 6. Robert Nozick (1974), ‘Why State-of-Nature Theory?’ 7. Robert Nozick (1974), ‘The State of Nature’. 8. Robert Nozick (1974), ‘The State.’ 9. Geoffrey Hunt (1988), ’The Paradox of the Minimal State.’ 10. Jeffrey D. Goldsworthy (1987), ‘Nozick's Libertarianism and the Justification of the State.’ Part IV State Imperfections 11. F.A. Hayek (1979), ‘Majority Opinion and Contemporary Democracy.’ 12. F.A. Hayek (1979). ‘The Division of Democratic Powers.’ 13. James M. Buchanan (1975), ‘The Threat of Leviathan.’ 14. James M. Buchanan (1975), ‘Beyong Pragmatism: Prospects for Constitutional Revolution.’ 15. Robert D. Tollison (1982), ‘Rent-Seeking: A Survey.’ 16. Gary J. Miller and Terry M. Moe (1983), ‘Bureaucrats, Legislators and the Size of Government.’ 17. Kenneth A. Shepsle and Barry R. Weingast (1984), ‘Political Solutions to Market Problems.’ 18. Sam Peltzman (1980), ‘The Growth of Government.’ 19. Charles Wolff, Jr. (1979), ‘A Theory of Non-Market Failure: Framework for Implementation Analysis.’ 20. Richard A. Musgrave (1985), ‘Excess Bias and the Nature of Budget Growth.’ Volume II Part I The Welfare State 1. Christopher W. Morris (1988), ‘A Hobbesian Welfare State?’ 2. Michael Davis (1987), ‘Nozick's Argument "for" the Legitimacy of the Welfare State.’ 3. James P. Sterba (1985), ‘A Libertarian Justification for a Welfare State.’ 4.Robert E. Goodin (1985), ‘Vulnerabilities and Responsibilities: An Ethical Defense of the Welfare State.’ 5. Robert E. Goodin (1990), ‘Stabilizing Expectations: The Role of Earnings-Related Benefits in Social Welfare Policy.’ 6. Julian Le Grand (1990), ‘Equity versus Efficiency: The Elusive Trade-Off.’ 7. Brian Barry (1990), ‘The Welfare State Versus the Relief of Poverty.’ 8. Nancy Fraser (1989), ‘Women, Welfare and the Politics of Need Interpretation.’ Part II State Power and Class Power 9. Claus Offe and Volker Ronge (1975), ‘Theses on the Theory of the State.’ 10. Bob Jessop (1977), ‘Recent Theories of the Capitalist State.’ 11. David Easton (1981), ‘The Political System Besieged by the State.’ 12. Ralph Miliband (1983), ‘State Power and Class Interests.’ Part III Socialism and the State 13. Roger Harris (1987), ‘Socialism and Democracy: Beyond State and Civil Society.’ 14. Andrew Levine (1987), ‘The Socialist State.’

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Book SynopsisThis two volume set presents the key literature on the contending schools of justice which have dominated contemporary political philosophy. Justice in Political Philosophy focuses in particular on the wide range of positions and debates which have emerged since the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971. Each view is presented through a representative selection of the major articles by both its proponents and critics. The schools covered include utilitarianism, liberal egalitarianism, libertarianism and their Marxist, communitarian and feminist critics. The authors represented include such influential figures as Rawls, Nozick, Dworkin, Cohen, Gauthier, Harsanyi, Barry, Sandel, MacIntyre, Gilligan and Mackinnon. The editor's introduction explores the interrelations between these diverse theories and shows how there are considerable convergences as well as disagreements in the contemporary debates over justice.Trade Review'Each volume has a clearly written and helpful introduction to the various argument and counter-arguments presented in more detail in the body of the work, and the collection will provide an excellent foundation text for a course on this subject at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level.' -- Theological Book ReviewTable of ContentsJustice in Political Philosophy by Will Kymlicka Mainstream Theories of Justice Part I UNITY AND DIVERSITY WITHIN THE MAIN APPROACHES TO JUSTICE 1. Ronald Dworkin (1983), ‘Comment on Narveson: In Defense of Equality.’ 2. James P. Sterba (1986), ‘Recent Work on Alternative Conceptions of Justice.’ Part III THE CRITIQUE OF UTILITARIANISM A Rawl's Critique 3. John Rawls (1972), ‘Classical Utilitarianism.’ B Rethinking Utilitarianism 4. R.M. Hare (1978), ‘Justice and Equality.’ 5. James Griffin (1984), ‘Towards a Substantive Theory of Rights.’ 6. Will Kymlicka (1988), ‘Rawls on Teleology and Deontology.’ 7. Ronald Dworkin (1985), ‘Rights: Trumphs over Utility.’ Part III LIBERAL EQUALITY A The Social Contract Argument 8. John Rawls (1972), ‘The Main Idea of the Theory of Justice’ and ‘The Original Position and Justification.’ 9. Jean Hampton (1980), ‘Contracts and Choices: Does Rawls have a Social Contract Theory?’ 10. Brian Barry (1973), ‘The Derivation of the Maximin Criterion.’ 11. T.M. Scanlon (1982), ‘Contractualism and Utilitarianism.’ B Fairness and Morally Arbitrary Inequalities 12. John Rawls (1972), ‘Two Principles of Justice.’ 13. Ronald Dworkin (1981), ‘What is Equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources.’ 14. Richard Arneson (1989), ‘Equality and Equal Opportunity for Welfare.’ 15. Joseph H. Carens (1985), ‘Compensatory Justice and Social Institutions.’ Part IV LIBERTARIANISM 16. Robert Nozick ( 1974), ‘Distributive Justice.’ 17. G.A. Cohen (1986), ‘Self-Ownership, World-Ownership and Equality.’ 18. G.A. Cohen (1986), ‘Self-Ownership, World-Ownership and Equality, Part II.’ 19. J.H. Bogart (1985), ‘Lockean Provisos and State of Nature Theories.’ 20. Susan Moller Okin (1989), ‘Libertarianism: Matriarchy, Slavery and Dystopia.’ B The Most Extensive Liberty 21. Charles Fried (1983), ‘Distributive Justice.’ 22. G A Cohen (1979), ‘Capitalism, Freedom and the Proletariat.’ 23. John Gray (1989), ‘Against Cohen on Proletarian Unfreedom.’ 24. Onora O'Neill (1980), ‘The Most Extensive Liberty.’ C Mutual Advantage Contractarianism 25. Gilbert Harman (1983), ‘Justice and Moral Bargaining.’ 26. David Gauthier (1986), ‘The initial Bargaining Position: Rights and the Proviso.’ 27. Gilbert Harman (1988), ‘Rationality in Agreement: A Commentary on Gauthier's Morals by Agreement.’ 28. Brian Barry (1989), ‘Justice and Motivation.’ 29. Allen Buchanan (1990), ‘Justice as Reciprocity versus Subject- Centred Justice.’ Volume II Critiques and Alternatives Part I MARXISM A The Critique of Justice 1. Allen Wood (1981), ‘Marx and Equality. 2. Steven Lukes (1985), Marxism and Morality. B Exploitation 3. Nancy Holmstrom (1977), ‘Exploitation.’ 4. G.A. Cohen (1990), ‘The Labour Theory of Value and the Concept of Exploitation.’ 5. Richard J. Arneson (1981), ‘What's Wrong with Exploitation?’ 6. John E. Roemer (1982), ‘Property Rights vs. Surplus Value in Marxian Exploitation.’ 7. Jeffrey Reiman (1987), ‘Exploitation, Force and the Moral Assessment of Capitalism: Thoughts on Roemer and Cohen.’ 8. G.A. Cohen (1990), ‘Marxism and Contemporary Political Philosophy, or: Why Nozick Exercises some Marxists more than he does any Egalitarian Liberals.’ C Alienation 9. Adina Schwartz (1982), ‘Meaningful Work.’ 10. Richard J. Arneson (1987), ‘Meaningful Work and Market Socialism.’ PART II COMMUNITARIANISM A The Critique of Justice 11. Michael J. Sandel (1982), Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, 28-35. 12. C. Edwin Baker (1985), ‘Sandel on Rawls: Justice as a Vice.’ B Justice and Shared Meanings 13. Michael Walzer (1983), ‘Complex Equality.’ 14. Joshua Cohen (1986), ‘Review of Spheres of Justice.’ C Justice and the Common Good 15. Charles Taylor (1985), ‘Atomism.’ 16. Allen E. Buchanan (1989), ‘Assessing the Communitarian Critique of Liberalism.’ 17. Michael Walzer (1990), ‘The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism.’ PART III FEMINISM A Sexual Discrimination 18. Catherine A. MacKinnon (1984), ‘Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination.’ 19. Marilyn Frye (1983), ‘Sexism.’ B The Public-Private Distinction 20. Carole Pateman (1987), ‘Feminist Critiques of the Public/Private Dichotomy.’ 21. Deborah Kearns (1983), ‘A Theory of Justice – and Love; Rawls on the Family.’ 22. Will Kymlicka (1990), ‘The Public and the Private.’ C The Ethic of Care and the Critique of Justice 23. Carol Gilligan (1987), ‘Moral Orientation and Moral Development.’ 24. Joan C. Tronto (1987), ‘Beyond Gender Difference to a Theory of Care.’ 25. Susan Moller Okin (1989), ‘Reason and Feeling in Thinking about Justice.’ 26. Annette C. Baier (1987), ‘The Need for more than Justice.’

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Book SynopsisThis authoritative and encyclopaedic reference work provides a thorough account of the public choice approach to economics and politics. The Companion breaks new ground by joining together the most important issues in the field in a single comprehensive volume. It contains state-of-the-art discussions of both old and contemporary problems, including new work by the founding fathers as well as contributions by a new generation of younger scholars.The book reviews the literature of public choice, highlighting the common ground between all rational choice approaches to politics. It demonstrates the important impact of public choice on economics, political science, philosophy and sociology. It will be an indispensable source of reference for many years to the ideas, analytical methods and empirical research in the field.The Companion will serve as the standard reference work for all those engaged in the field of public choice and will be essential reading for politicians and policymakers, scholars in political science, public and social choice, as well as graduate students in economics, political science and public administration.Trade Review'. . . this compendium offers a solid introduction into an economic field that is gaining in influence.'Table of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction: Public Choice at the Millennium Part I: Methodology Part II: The Constitutional Framework Part III: Institutions and Mechanisms of Collective Choice Part IV: Public Choice Perspectives on Government and the Economy Part V: The Public Choice Revolution References Index

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Book SynopsisThis major textbook presents for the first time a thoroughly modern introduction to policy studies - one of the fastest growing areas in the academic curriculum.Public Policy provides a lively, clear and highly accessible introduction to the theory and practice of public policy. Interdisciplinary and comparative in scope, this text covers agenda setting, and problem definition, policy making, implementation and evaluation. The book has been designed to be used with a wide range of policy oriented courses. Wayne Parsons surveys the development of the policy sciences over the past fifty years and focuses on the key ideas, thinkers and concepts which have shaped the field. His authoritative narrative draws on a wide range of policy disciplines - including political science, psychology, sociology, economics, and management. A central theme of the book is its emphasis on taking a multi-framed approach to analysing the increasingly complex policy problems and processes of industrial societies. Unique features include case studies, guides to further reading, background notes and numerous graphics to support and illustrate the main text. Public Policy will be welcomed as a comprehensive examination of the models and methods needed to understand policy making in the modern state. Comprehensive, critical and up-to-date, this textbook promises to define the field for a new generation of students and teachers.Trade Review'Its comprehensiveness is a major achievement in such a diffuse and broad subject.' -- Peter John, West European Politics'The wide sweep of the book, with its extensive bibliography, would prove to be very helpful to students and researchers alike. I think it is a valuable addition to the repertory of textbooks available on the subject.' -- Kuldeep Mathur, Journal of Educational Planning and Administration'This is an excellent review and analysis of the public policy literature . . . Students and faculty can both profit from Parsons's insights into the field.' -- B. Guy Peters, University of Pittsburgh, US'This is an excellent book. It is readable, knowledgeable, clear, coherent and in the jargon of the 1990s, "user friendly".' -- Bob Haigh, Teaching Public Administration'This is a formidable book, providing quite the most comprehensive review of the vast and varied literature on public policy. Wayne Parsons presents the range of arguments and theories in a lively and accessible way, being prepared to take us back to Machiavelli and to remind us of the importance of authorities from earlier in this Century as well as to introduce contemporary work. He is very good at showing how prescription and description are interwoven in most of the literature. I read it through over a short period of time without indigestion, but will recommend it to undergraduates in the latter terms, but its particular strength is as a postgraduate text.' -- Michael Hill, University of Newcasle upon Tyne, UK'A very encompassing, informative and useful statement. Belongs in every personal and institutional library.' -- Amitai Etzioni, author of The Spirit of Community'Dr Parsons' book does a very clear and useful job of tracing out the numerous approaches that have been taken and are being taken to the understanding of public policy and the processes that form and change it.' -- Herbert A. Simon, Carnegie Mellon University, US'Rarely does a textbook excite, but this superb teaching volume proves the exception. It is unquestionably the most comprehensive public policy text available. . . it will surely become the standard text. . . As the cliche goes, it is difficult to put down. The level of synthesis is mature and elegant to the degree that it will appeal to most subject teachers as more than simply a student text. Its virtues are considerable.' -- Public Administration'Responding to the increasingly complex nature of modern society. . . . Parsons provides a thoroughly documented introduction to the study of what governments do, why they do it, and what difference it makes.' -- Choice'His awareness of the interrelationship between the social sciences and the public policy field makes this book an important contribution to our understanding of the latter. . . . Parsons' discussion of what is public and what is private makes this book both timely and useful. . . it is comprehensive and contemporary and a most rewarding contribution to our understanding of the origins and scope of public policy.' -- Richard W. Phidd, Canadian Public Administration'This textbook is more than the introduction of the title; it offers a distinctive conceptualization and approach. The structure is commendably clear.' -- Andrew Gray, Political Studies'It is clearly written and will provide an enlightening perspective on the processes of public policy development and implementation. Wayne Parsons' book is likely to become a standard text on public policy analysis.' -- Chris Skelcher, Local Government StudiesTable of ContentsContents: PART I 1.1 Introduction 1.2 'Public and 'Policy' as Concepts 1.3 The Development of the Policy Approach 1.4 Kinds of Policy Analysts and Policy Analysis 1.5 Varieties of Analytical Frameworks 1.6 Philosophical Frameworks 1.7 Analysis and the Policy Process 1.8 Models, Maps and Metaphors 1.9 Paradigms Lost and Found: Sifts in the Focus and Frameworks of Policy Analysis 1.10 Stages and Cycles: Mapping the Policy Process 1.11 The Arrangement of Parts Two, Three and Four PART II 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Social Problem Approaches 2.3 Public Opinion and Public Policy 2.4 Theories of Agenda Control 2.5 Typologies of Policy Issues 2.6 Pluralism, Non-Decision-Making and the Third Dimension of Power 2.7 Neo-Marxist and Critical Approaches 2.8 Knowledge and the Policy Agenda 2.9 Policies and Problems as Symbols 2.10 Networks, Streams, Advocacy Coalitions and Punctuated Equilibrium 2.11 Analysing the Boundaries 2.12 Globalization and Policy-Making: The International Parameters PART III 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Decision-Making: Frameworks and Disciplinary Contexts 3.3 Power Approaches to Decision-Making 3.4 Rationality and Decision-Making 3.5 The Public Choice Approach to Decision-Making 3.6 Institutional Approaches 3.7 Personality, Cognition and Information Processing in Decision-Making 3.8 Policy Analysis and Public Decisions 3.9 Rational Decision-Making and the quest for Knowledgeable Governance 3.10 Critiques of Policy Analysis PART IIII 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Arrangement of Part Four 4.3 Implementation 4.4 Delivery Systems 4.5 Evaluation 4.6 Change and Continuity in Policy-Making 4.7 Promise and Performance: Evaluating Impact and Outcomes 4.8 Conclusion: Beyond Delivery and Towards Democratization Index

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Book SynopsisThe political economy of international trade and trade policy - at both the domestic and international levels - has spawned a vast literature from both economists and political scientists. This two volume set includes seminal contributions to our understanding of international trade among the advanced industrial countries, between them and the lesser developed countries and between East and West. It includes work on the political economy of trade liberalization, protectionism and sanctions.Trade Review'Overall, the book is a well balanced and comprehensive reference source of studies of interventionist trade policies.' -- Allan Webster, The Economic JournalTable of Contents43 articles, dating from 1941 to 1991 Contents: Volume I: 1. Patterns of Trade and Protection 2. Factoral Theories of Trade Policy 3. Firm and Sectoral Theories of Trade Policy 4. Domestic Institutions and Trade Policy • Volume II: 1. Strategic Trade Policy 2. National Security and International Trade 3. International Trade Conflicts 4. International Institutions 5. Economic Sanctions

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Book SynopsisThis important new book presents a lucid introduction to political thought from Socrates to the present. It successfully marries the hitherto diverse traditions of history and theory in the search for political understanding.Political theorists share in common an attempt to reveal the reality which underlies the world of politics. Is there a key to unlock the mysteries of politics? And if there is, what impact does this have on morality? Is politics a separate world or one which should serve a moral purpose? By examining major thinkers both in the context of their own time and their relevance to the present, the book shows how political theory can be applied to major controversies in the 20th century.Political Theory in Retrospect makes an important contribution to historical discussion and philosophical analysis. It successfully integrates political theory into the study of modern politics.Trade Review'A concise and engagingly written introductory survey of the history of political thought from Socrates to the 20th Century. . .'Table of ContentsAthens and Socrates; Plato; Aristotle; Machiavelli; Hobbes; Locke; Rousseau; Burke; Bentham; Mill; Marx - interlude; liberalism; conservatism; socialism.

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Book SynopsisThis major new book is the most up-to-date general survey of economic and political integration in the European Union. Recent key developments deriving from the Maastricht Treaty and the Single European Act are highlighted including the completion of the Single Market, the prospects for EMU, the Community budget, and the reform of the CAP. The main ingredients of EMU are discussed and the Maastricht monetary plan is critically explained. This is followed by an analysis of the Community budget to 1999 and the related reform of the CAP. Professor Swann also surveys the two other treaty pillars - Co-operation on Justice and Home Affairs and the development of Common Foreign and Security Policy. European Economic Integration concludes by reviewing the factors which have stimulated the process towards an even closer union and identifying the challenges which still face the Union as it moves towards the second millennium.Trade Review'This is a very useful little book which will no doubt prove to be of interest not only to those studying Europe as part of a course in politics, but also for those who approach this topic because they are taking economics.' -- Talking Politics'Swann writes simply and straightforwardly, with a minimum of technical economics.'– Clive H. Church, Political StudiesTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. The Original Community Blueprint: The Form and Process of Integration 2. The Original Community Blueprint: Institutions and Integration Policies 3. The Emergence of the Single European Act 4. The Single European Act 5. Onwards to Maastricht 6. Maastricht: Principles, Competences and Powers 7. Maastricht: The Economic and Monetary Union Programme 8. The Budget and Agriculture in the 1990s 9. The Magnetism of the European Union 10. Community Dynamics and Future Problems Index

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Book SynopsisWritten in response to violent conflict in many of the former socialist countries and unease about European integration in the West, this informative and contemporary book presents a multi-sectoral assessment of the future of the nation state in Europe.The 13 articles included in The Future of the Nation State in Europe offer a wide-ranging, insightful analysis by an international group of distinguished scholars who argue that the question of the nation state in Europe will remain one of the foremost issues confronting social scientists. Contributions by Paavo Vayrynen, Ernst Gellner, Aira Kemilainen and Jyrki Iivonen on the concept of ‘nation state’ and its definition, are followed by two historical articles by Giovanni Arrighi and Erik Allardt, the former discussing the development of historical capitalism while the later connects the question of the nation state to different forms of technology. Later essays deal with various contexts of the nation state, including articles by Jaan Kaplinski on the future of national cultures in Europe, by Ali Kazancigil on the effects of unification on the national state, by Allan Rosas on the decline of sovereignty in international law and by Raimo Vayrynen on the relationship between territory and nation state. The volume concludes by examining the effects of regional changes on ethnic developments in Europe with articles by Thomas Henschel on German unification, Risto Alapuro on Russian civil society and Mate Szabo on East European Political development. Offering perspectives drawn from history, sociology, anthropology, law and political science, this major volume will be welcomed by political scientists, commentators and all those concerned with questions of European statehood.Table of ContentsPart 1 Concepts and definitions: introduction - nation states in Europe, Jyrki Iivonen; nation state - some basic concepts and definitions, Paavo Vayrynen; nationalism and the development of European societies, Ernest Gellner; patriotism and nationalism, Aira Kemilainen. Part 2 Historical processes: the three hegemonies of historical Capitalism, Giovanni Arrighi; the nation state and nationalism with different forms of technology, Erik Allardt. Part 3 Different contexts of nation state: the future of national cultures in Europe, Jaan Kaplinski; a prospective view on the European nation state and unification, Ali Kazancigil; the decline of sovereignty - legal perspectives, Allan Rosas; territory, nation state and nationalism, Raimo Vayrynen. Part 4 Regional processes: German national consciousness and the nation state, Thomas R. Henschel; civil society in Russia?, Risto Alapuro; nationalism, nation state and prospects of democratization in Eastern Europe, Mate Szabo.

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Book SynopsisThis authoritative volume traces the creation and development of the EEC as an institution and assesses its impact on the economic development of Europe and the policy areas under its control.The book includes a thorough discussion of the background and origins of the European Economic Community. In the early years of post-war Europe, the continuous search for a multilateral commercial agreement resulted in various plans for European commercial cooperation. These schemes were proposed less in a desire for European integration and supranational institutions, than in response to real economic problems and were the precursors to the formation of the EEC.The next section investigates the process of creating the EEC including the road to integration of the major founding members, and the attitude of the United States to European integration.Finally, it discusses the economic development of the EEC since 1957. It explores major themes including the impact of the Community on trade and agriculture and on competition and financial policy, as well as the effects of its own enlargement. The study ends with the steps towards closer union embodied in the Treaty of Maastricht, which signalled the transformation of the European Economic Community into the European Union.Trade Review'. . . the first two parts contain some excellent material. . .' -- Peter Holmes, Regional Studies'. . . the quality of reproduction is good . . . its commendable aspect is that it brings together under one roof a diverse range of interpretations in easily accessible form.'– Steven Morewood, The Economic JournalTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: Towards the EEC 1945–55 Part II: The Creation of the EEC Part III: The Economic Development of the EEC, 1957–92 Index

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Book SynopsisIn this far-reaching and insightful monograph, Richard Wagner exposes the failure of the United States constitution to overcome the tyranny of the majority so feared by the Founding Fathers. Recognising that to the extent a written parchment is enforceable, it is through the construction of a self-supporting balance of private interests, Professor Wagner sketches a balance between the principles of good constitutional order and the placement of guns of self-interest necessary for the preservation of the rights to life, liberty and property. He concludes his analysis with an assessment of the prospects of converting the rent-seeking state into an entrepreneurial state self-interestedly committed to classical liberal principles of constitutional order.The author clearly demonstrates why the tyranny of the majority cannot be prevented by constitutional parchment unless the institutions of society are designed to offer complementary support to limited government and the rule of law. Parchment, Guns and Constitutional Order offers a solution designed to harness the political process to that objective.

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Book SynopsisThis is a succinct but comprehensive account of the research programme in rent-seeking launched in 1967 by Gordon Tullock’s argument that the availability of monopoly rents through government encourages self-seeking individuals to waste economic resources in competitive bidding for those rents. Rent Seeking reviews each of the contributions for which Professor Tullock is famous, including the basic insight, the cost of transfers, competition for aid, the political market in rent-seeking, efficient rent-seeking, the transitional gains trap, and the cost of rent-seeking, and shows how each of these insights has triggered a burgeoning research literature. He skilfully draws out the dangerous implications of rent-seeking behaviour for private property rights. In characteristic fashion, he returns to his path-breaking work on the economic theory of constitutions in search of novel ways to secure the right to life, liberty and property through a reinforced constitutional republic. Both for the specialist scholar and for the new initiate, this is a great and instructive essay.

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Book SynopsisThe Politics of the Environment brings together 25 classic essays on the political theory of the environment, ranging across environmental philosophy and political, social, legal and economic aspects of environmental action. Prefaced by an editorial introduction situating these materials in the context of the ongoing environmentalist debates, this collection provides beginners with a comprehensive introduction and specialists with a useful reference edition of widely dispersed materials on which any subsequent contributions must build.Trade Review'Dr Goodin, editor of this book, has provided a very timely reference book to all those interested in environmental issues. . . . This book is of great importance for understanding the influence of ecological considerations in local and national policies, generally expressed in policies and programmes by incumbent governments of all shades at the global level.' -- P.C. Sinha, Himalayan and Central Asian StudiesTable of ContentsPart 1 Environmental ethics: attitudes to nature, John Passmore; should trees have standing? - toward legal rights for natural objects, Christopher D. Stone; the rights of animals and unborn generations, Joel Feinberg; ways not to think about plastic trees - new foundations for environmental law, Laurence H. Tribe; on preserving the natural environment, Mark Sagoff; ideals of human excellence and preserving natural environments, Thomas E. Hill; faking nature, Robert Elliott; the shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement - a summary, Arne Naess; duties of preservation, Donald H. Regan; nature, self and gender - feminism, environmental philosophy and the critique of rationalism, Val Plumwood. Part 2 Environmental action: the tragedy of the Commons, Garrett Hardin; the environmental crisis - a critique of neo-Hobbesian responses, K.J. Walker; a blueprint for survival, Edward Goldsmith et al; bioregionalism - a new way to treat the land, Kirkpatrick Sale; new social movements - challenging the boundaries of institutional politics, Claus Offe; ecosabotage and civil disobedience, Michael Martin; ecology and discursive democracy - beyond liberal capitalism and the administrative state, John S. Dryzek; technological politics, Langdon Winner; Buddhist economics, E.F. Schumacher; the economics of the coming spaceship Earth, Kenneth E. Boulding; the post-war literature on externalities - an interpretative essay, E.J. Mishan; prices as regulatory instruments, Thomas C. Schelling; the conservation criterion, Talbot Page; the social discount rate, Derek Parfit; international ethics and the environmental crisis, Robert E. Goodin.

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Book SynopsisThis scholarly collection presents some of the most important classical and contemporary texts of relevance to political sociology. Volume I offers an overview of the sociological approach to the concepts of power and the state; it examines state theory in the 1970s from both a Marxist and Capitalist point of view, the recent shift of political power from the state to other areas of society, this issue of citizenship, and the welfare state.Volume II focuses on the most important political formations and processes in modern societies: democracy, revolution and totalitarianism. It also looks more broadly at political processes in non-industrial societies and at recent historical and sociological analyses of global political systems.Volume III offers analyses of the principal political ideologies and movements of the twentieth century. Other topics covered include military power and regimes and the social bases of politics such as classes and elites, ethnicity, gender and religion.Trade Review'. . . this reader is a must for the enthusiastic. . .' -- Stephen Hunt, Reviewing SociologyTable of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Volume I: Power and the State • Volume II: Forms of Politics Part I: Politics in Non-Industrial States Part II: Revolution Part III: Democracy Part IV: Totalitarianism Part V: Globalized Politics Part VI: Political Ritual • Volume III: Political Ideologies and Movements Part I: Part II: Military Power and Regimes Part III: Social Bases of Politics

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Book SynopsisFor governments to be successful in achieving their objectives, they need to select the correct policy instruments. This volume addresses the role of policy instruments in achieving policy objectives.Policy Evaluation provides a systematic assessment of the impact that public policy evaluations have on the governance of democratic societies. This book emphasises the impacts of policy evaluations on the formulation, implementation and accountability functions of governments. At all three phases of the policy cycle, there is a need for coherent and systematic evaluation. This book demonstrates how such evaluations can be conducted and the opportunities for their subsequent utilization.Trade Review'This volume provides very comprehensive coverage of the subject.' -- International Review of Administrative SciencesTable of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Policy Evaluation and the Policy Arena A. Theoretical Perspectives 1. E. Albaek (1989–90), ‘Policy Evaluation: Design and Utilization’ 2. F.L. Leeuw (1991), ‘Policy Theories, Knowledge Utilization, and Evaluation’ 3. D.J. Palumbo and M.A. Hallett (1993), ‘Conflict Versus Consensus Models in Policy Evaluation and Implementation’ B. Policy Evaluation and Policy Instruments 4. M. Howlett (1991), ‘Policy Instruments, Policy Styles, and Policy Implementation: National Approaches to Theories of Instrument Choice’ 5. M. Wrightson and T. Conlan (1989), ‘Targeting Aid to the Poor: What Have We Learned About Allocating Intergovernmental Grants?’ 6. B. Abel Smith (1992), ‘Cost Containment and New Priorities in the European Community’ C. Policy Evaluation and Utilization 7. A. Gray and B. Jenkins (1989–90), ‘Policy Evaluation in a Time of Fiscal Stress: Some Reflections from British Experience’ 8. M.L. Bemelmans-Videc (1989–90), ’Dutch Experience in the Utilization of Evaluation Research: The Procedure of Reconsideration’ 9. D.H. Greenberg and M.B. Mandell (1991), ‘Research Utilization in Policymaking: A Tale of Two Series (of Social Experiments)’ 10. J.E. Katz (1993), ‘Science, Technology, and Congress’ D. Policy Evaluation and Governance 11. J.-P. Nioche (1992), ‘Institutionalizing Evaluations in France: Skating on Thin Ice?’ 12. M. Bamberger (1991), ‘The Politics of Evaluation in Developing Countries’ 13. H.-U. Derlien (1992), ‘Two-Track Processes: Budgeting, Auditing and Evaluation in the Federal Republic of Germany’ Part II: The Policy Cycle A. Policy Formulation 14. D.A. Rochefort and R.W. Cobb (1993), ‘Problem Definition, Agenda Access, and Policy Choice’ 15. M. Peters and J. Marshall (1993), ‘Educational Policy Analysis and the Politics of Interpretation’ 16. S.B. Kamerman and A.J. Kahn (1989), ‘Family Policy: Has The United States Learned From Europe’? 17. C.A. Arnold (1989), ‘Beyond Self-Interest: Policy Entrepreneurs and Aid to the Homeless’ B. Policy Implementation 18. R.C. Lippincott and R.P. Stoker (1992), ‘Policy Design for Implementation Effectiveness: Structural Change in a County Court System’ 19. S. Jasanoff (1991), ‘Cross-National Differences in Policy Implementation’ 20. G. Byner 91991), ‘Implementing Global Environmental Agreements’ C. Policy Accountability 21. R.C. Rist (1989), ‘Management Accountability: The Signals Sent by Auditing and Evaluation’ 22. M. Bamberger (1989), ‘The Monitoring and Evaluation of Public Sector Programs in Asia: Why are Development Programs Monitored but Not Evaluated?’ 23. J.W. Guthrie (1991), ‘The World’s New Political Economy is Politicizing Educational Evaluation’ Part III: Sectorial Policy Evaluation A. Environment 24. L. Gan (1992–3), ‘Global Environmental Policy in Social Context: The Case of China’ B. Health Insurance 25. J.A Wysong and T. Abel (1990), ‘Universal Health Insurance and High-risk Groups in West Germany: Implications for U.S. Health Policy’ C. Education 26. P.A. McGavin (1991), ‘Policy Evaluation of Investment in Education: A Papua New Guinea Study’ D. Economic Development 27. D.L Brown and M.E. Warner (1991), ‘Persistent Low-Income Nonmetroplolitan Areas in the United States: Some Conceptual Challenges for Development Policy’ E. Industrial Relations 28. D. Marsh (1991), ‘British Industrial Relations Policy Transformed: The Thatcher Legacy’ F. Energy 29. D. Rahm (1993), ‘US Public Policy and Emerging Technologies: The Case of Solar Energy’ G. Child Support 30. J. Millar and P. Whiteford (1993), ‘Child Support in Lone-Parent Families: Policies in Australia and the UK’ H. Housing 31. D. Clapham and M. Satsangi (1992), ‘Performance Assessment and Accountability in British Housing Management’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisAt the time of his death in 1989, Karl Brunner was known not only for his writings in monetary economics but also for his contributions to econometrics, the theory of man, logics and the analysis of sociopolitical problems. Between 1953 and 1989, Professor Brunner published over 200 articles and books, founded two leading academic journals - the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, and the Journal of Monetary Economics - and organized numerous conferences. Economic Analysis and Political Ideology, the first volume of Karl Brunner's essays with an introduction by Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan, reproduces articles dealing with Professor Brunner's socio-economic analysis. Providing insight into a man absorbed and preoccupied by economic scholarship, this volume includes papers ranging from economic policy, inflation, the place of religion in the social order and Keynes's sociopolitical vision to more personal writings on the author's quest for knowledge and the reasons underlying his fascination with economics. The second volume, Monetary Theory and Monetary Policy, with a foreword by Alan Meltzer, is published separately and deals with macroeconomic issues.Trade Review'Every economist would benefit from reading this book. It contains the papers of an imaginative, rigorous and generous scholar.' -- Geoffrey Wood, The Economic JournalTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction by James Buchanan 1. Knowledge, Values and the Choice of Economic Organization 2. My Quest for Economic Knowledge 3. The Poverty of Nations 4. ‘Assumptions’ and the Cognitive Quality of Theories 5. The Perception of Man and the Conception of Government 6. The Perception of Man and the Conception of Society: Two Approaches to Understanding Society 7. Reflections on ‘Theology and the Social Order” 8. Religion and the Social Order 9. The First World, the Third World and the Survival of Free Societies 10. The New International Economic Order: A Chapter in a Protracted Confrontation 11. The Socio-political Vision of Keynes 12. Reflections on the Political Economy of Government: The Persistent Growth of Government 13. The Limits of Economic Policy 14. Mephistopheles and Inflation 15. Economic, Development, Cancun and the Western Democracies 16. A Fascination with Economics Index

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Book SynopsisPublic Economics, Political Processes and Policy Applications brings together an impressive collection of Charles R. Plott's work in experimental economics.The papers in this volume represent the beginnings of Professor Plott's experimental research on public economics, public choice and political processes, which are the origin for experimental work in mechanism design and experimental testbeds. He addresses the problems related to committees and public choice institutions, and develops methodological foundations that were later exported to other areas of economics. In these groundbreaking experiments strategies for posing questions are developed. The fundamental principles that shape policy studies are discovered and refined.The volume goes on to apply the principles to the prediction of group choice using game theory and voting theory, the power of special institutions and processes to determine outcomes, and the concept of equilibrium and equilibration in decision processes.Finally, the papers reflect a maturing of the methodologies, devoting attention to their success in the area of institutional design in general and of policy in particular. With deep roots in problems related to policy analysis that are carried throughout the volume, Public Economics, Political Processes and Policy Applications will be a fascinating read for those with an interest in experimental economics, the methodology of economics, political theory, and political economy.Trade Review'Charles R. Plott has a formidable armoury of experience backed up with an inquiring and rigorous intellect: an economist interested in getting clear answers to important questions. Before effectively becoming a full-time experimental economist, he enjoyed a fine reputation as a theorist in the area between political science and economics. By 1986 Plott had acquired a reputation as an insightful experimentalist - inspired and encouraged by Vernon Smith with whom he worked for a period before establishing his own experimental laboratory. Plott's contributions to the field of experimental economics are impressive. From 1981, since the Social Science Citation Index records begin, he has a total of 44 publications listed in this and related fields, many with co-authors who themselves are now established experimentalists. He has clearly stimulated a whole generation of economists into doing high quality experimental research. Many of these 44 papers are classics of their kind. The skill, energy and efficiency with which he operates is impressive.' -- John Hey, University of York, UK and University of Bari, ItalyTable of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Overviews and Methodology Part II: Public Goods, Public Choice and Political Institutions Part III: Institutional Design Index

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Book SynopsisThe Marquis de Condorcet (1743-94) was a founding father of social science. He believed that what he called the moral sciences could be studied by the same exacting methods as the natural sciences, and he developed many of the tools for doing so. Condorcet has had two quite unconnected reputations: as the doomed and foolish Enlightenment scholar, writing about the perfectibility of mankind while in hiding from the Terror that would shortly claim his own life; and as the incomprehensible founder of social choice, whose Essai of 1785 was not understood until the 1950s. This book shows that he was not so foolish, nor so incomprehensible, as even sympathetic treatments have made him sound. A long introduction uses the latest French and English sources to put his work into context, explains the unity of his thought and explicates his difficult arguments in probability theory and social choice. The extracts from Condorcet's work that follow are in two parts. Part I, 'The Theory of Voting', includes some extracts from the notorious Essai of 1785 but also later work which is more accessible and makes new points. Part II, 'Human Rights', shows Condorcet the passionate campaigner for rights for slaves and for women, and the American constitutionalist. His poignant 'Advice to his daughter' and 'Testament' show the spirit of a man who knew he was almost certain to be killed, and would never see his daughter again.Most of the works translated here have never appeared in English before. They will be an essential reference source for everybody working in social choice, the history of mathematics and human rights, and the Enlightenment.Trade Review'Even now, all too few understand that a society may change its decisions, even if every single voter's preferences remain unchanged, merely because of such things as differences in the order in which alternatives come up for decision or because of seemingly innocuous changes in voting rules. Let us hope that, because of this translation, insights of Condorcet's that went unappreciated a couple of centuries ago will, in the light of the modern theory of collective choice, come to receive the wide recognition they deserve. This is a most welcome book.' -- Mancur Olson, formerly University of Maryland, US'Condorcet was a powerful influence on modern thought in many directions, but it is only in fairly recent times that his role in political theory has begun to be appreciated. His analysis of social choice far exceeds that of any of his predecessors and raises virtually all the issues still being wrestled with. His work, scattered through many publications, has been brought together with outstanding scholarship by McLean and Hewitt and made more easily available to English-speaking readers. All those interested in mechanisms of political and social choice should be grateful.' -- Kenneth J. Arrow, Stanford University, US'Readers may well find some remarkably clear and refreshing insight into the most important and least understood mechanical aspect of democracy - majority voting.' -- J.D. Robertson, Choice'Iain McLean and Fiona Hewitt have done a great service to social choice theory by edited and translating a collection of Condorcet's major political writings.' -- Robert Sugden, The Economic Journal'This book will certainly be useful to students who need a quick contemporary, initiation to Condorcet's life and ideas. It will be also an important reference for scholars working in social choice, human rights and the Enlightenment. This book belongs in the library of anyone planning to do research in social choice an political theory.' -- Laur Razzolini, Public Choice'My own judgment, on the basis of reading the Condorcet extracts and reflecting on them in light of McLean and Hewitt's excellent introduction, is that there is a case for reading Cordorcet in the original - that there are important distinctive qualities in Condorcet's work which make it something rather more interesting than a mere inframarginal rendering of modern social choice insights. This judgment was not my initial inclination. What I had not realized is that the famous 'jury-theorem' is really the point of departure for Condorcet's pre-occupations and that his interest in electoral cycling has to be seen through that lens. It is this that sets Condorcet apart from his modern social choice counterparts, and makes the work of considerable independent intellectual interest.' -- Geoffrey Brennan, History of Economics ReviewTable of ContentsPart I the theory of voting. Part II Human rights.

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Book SynopsisEuropean integration, the collapse of state socialism and the relative decline of social democracy have left only two dominant European ideologies: nationalism and the free market. In Citizenship and Democratic Control in Contemporary Europe a distinguished group of scholars argues that a democratically reconstructed Europe requires a new approach centred around a concept of citizenship which is neither individualistic nor ethnically based but is concerned with the empowerment of individuals. The authors propose the development of a well-structured and pluralistic civic society which encourages active citizenship and a definition of democratic citizenship which can be expressed through self-organized social activity. Addressing issues central to the future of European democracy - including politics and political processes, economic and social policy, and ideology, language and communication - this important book challenges many of the existing assumptions about the revolutions of 1989, their aftermath and the future of post-Cold War Europe. Insightful and policy relevant, this book will be welcomed by sociologists, political scientists and economists interested in the ideologies underpinning European society.Trade Review'A stimulating work that challenges many of the existing assumptions about the revolutions of 1989, their aftermath and the future of post-Cold War Europe.'Table of ContentsPart 1: Nation-states, European institutions, and citizenship, Mary Kaldor; democracy and nationalism in Czechoslovakia, Zdenek Kavan; German identities - the impact of unification, Peter Lambert; from single European act to Maastricht - the creation of the European Union, Peter Holmes; gender and citizenship in east Central Europe after the end of state socialist policies for women's emancipation, Barbara Einhorn. Part 2: marketization and nationalism - a critical interface in the process of transformation, David A. Dyker; privitization and economic democracy in Hungary, Yudit Kiss; international business - global political economy and Eastern Europe, Sonia El Kahal; a Europe of the citizen, a Europe of solidarity? - social policy in the European Union, Crescy Cannan; the European Community and the problems of economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe, Alasdair Smith; steering the public sphere - communication policy in state socialism and after, William Outhwaite; the ideology of the end of Marxism/end of socialism thesis - a critical global perspective, John Maclean; "public service" and "collectivism" - the place of gender and voluntary work in different European traditions, Jenny Shaw; east Central European media systems in transition, Nancy Wood.

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Book SynopsisPlato of Athens (c 429-347 BC) is the earliest European thinker whose thoughts on politics survive to any great extent. His work, contained in The Republic, the Statesman, the Laws and the unfinished Critias, amongst other works, has made major contributions to the agenda of Western Political thought and its content. [In The Republic, Plato’s preoccupation was the concept of the just individual and the just state.] His view that intellect and political authority should be correlated has been a major theme of political thought down the centuries, influencing both authoritarian and egalitarian attitudes to government and democracy. In his later work Plato’s concern shifted from the question of justice to questions of the competence of rulers, which in The Statesman he treated as of the first importance, and eventually to the role of law and a mixed constitution, along with religion, in guaranteeing political order.The papers in this authoritative selection explore various aspects of Plato’s thought including social structure, education, freedom, property, the status of women, human motivation and racism in addition to his views on law, reason and justice. The vast array of topics covered shows how Plato’s work adumbrates many of the concerns of political thought up to the present day and indeed is still relevant in our modern age.

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Book SynopsisAristotle (384-322 BC) was born in Northern Greece. He moved to Athens where he associated himself with Plato’s academy. He later became tutor to the young Alexander the Great at the Macedonian court but returned to Athens in 335 to found his own school of philosophy.Aristotle’s basic political contention was that the state is a natural entity and is the perfect form of human community. This view of man’s relation to the state has been one of the most persistent in the history of political thought and has been developed in many ways by a multitude of thinkers. [In his own writings Aristotle developed and explained existing political arrangements rather than offering radical alternatives, and this conservative practicality was highly regarded by political thinkers prior to 1789. On the other hand, the high evaluation which Aristotle placed on the middle orders of society appeals to readers of a more egalitarian age.]The articles in this scholarly collection offer insights into many areas of Aristotle’s work, including ‘forms of government, the place of the individual in relation to the state and ethical, economic and ‘sociological considerations.

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Book SynopsisBorn in what is now Algeria, Augustine trained in classical Latin rhetoric and became a professor of rhetoric in Rome. He later studied neo-Platonic philosophy and experienced a conversion to Christianity in 386.[Through his numerous theological writings, Augustine became one of the major architects of Latin Christian political theory at a time when Roman civilization was in decline.] In his work ‘The City of God’, Augustine developed his most influential doctrines: on history, grace and predestination, free will, a true republic, the duties of Christians to the state, the just war, the relationship of the institutional Church to secular government and the ‘city of God’ to 'the city of man'. This notion of the two cities influenced political theory throughout the next 800 years and beyond.[The political theories of Augustine rest on his profoundly pessimistic view that human nature is corrupted beyond any hope of rational self-amelioration and that man tends naturally to do evil rather than to do good. As a consequence of this, political association is, for Augustine, an instrument of coercion and protection from harm rather that an instrument of human fulfilment.]Augustine’s ideas were adopted and rejected in turn throughout the middle ages as men attempted to reconcile his negative views of the necessity of the state with the more optimistic views of Aristotle, rediscovered in the 13th century. The Reformation in the 16th century saw a revival of the influence of Augustine’s thought and his political opinions have special resonances for the 20th century.The stimulating articles contained in these two volumes serve to explain and to explore the development of Augustine’s ideas on society and politics.

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Book SynopsisThomas Aquinas (1224-74) was born in Naples of a powerful Italian family. He took part in the major philosophical and theological controversies of his day and fought the decisive battle which re-admitted the study of the works of Aristotle.In his work he attempted to harmonise the rational insights of the classical world with revealed Christian truths. [He reinterpreted the Augustinian view of history and politics by concluding that the state did have positive value in itself, as an expression of God's providence and will for mankind. Man fulfilled himself in two ways - as a good citizen and as a Christian seeking salvation. Aquinas is therefore seen as reconciling the views of the pagan Aristotle with the teachings of Christianity.] Aquinas' theory of the state helped to put European political thought on a new plane.This wide-ranging collection of papers investigates and illuminates various aspects of Aquinas’ thought regarding Church and State, society, natural law, justice and political authority.

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Book SynopsisThe work of Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) has a variety of meanings for different interpreters. Some attribute to him a new 'scientific method' of drawing conclusions from practical or historical experience in order to form rules for successful political behaviour, with its emphasis on man's behavioural patterns rather than on moral precepts as a basis for politics. Others attribute to him a belief in the autonomy of the state - that the state is a structure governed by its own laws of development and that it finds its justification only in terms of its success. Others again emphasise his republicanism and see him as a theorist of the modern state. [Some believe his first name is the proper basis of an appellation of the Devil.]Although a lucid writer in many respects, the metaphorical way in which Machiavelli expressed some of his key concepts and his preference for working through examples rather that elaborating principles has given much scope for debate about his actual intentions. These volumes present in chronological order the most significant articles on Machiavelli written in the 20th century and offer a representative selection of the numerous interpretations of his work.

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Book SynopsisThomas More (1478-1535), English statesman, author and saint, was a lawyer, politician and diplomat, a leading member of the Renaissance of northern Europe and a defender of the Roman Catholic faith. In the history of political thought More is remembered as the author of Utopia, a little book which gave rise to a genre of literature and a name for a mode of theorising, which explicitly criticises existing political and social arrangements from a radical perspective and also offers new ideals and illustrates how these might be realised in an imaginery society. For over four hundred years the meaning of More's Utopia has confounded scholars. Many of the ideas advanced in the book, e.g. on rational religion and religious toleration, seem to be at odds with the events of More's political career and his practical religious position. Moreover there is much disagreement about the meaning and importance of the substantial satiric elements it contains. This collection contains a great variety of authoritative articles which not only investigate More's life and the influences on his work, but also offer the reader a selection of the various interpretations and comparisons of his writings that scholars have made in the course of this century.

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Book SynopsisHugo Grotius (1583-1645), the Dutch jurist and philosopher, is a key theorist of the post-mediaeval state. According to Grotius, the state is not subject to any terrestrial superior, either political or ecclesiastical. His political writings develop the consequences of this condition including the construction of state authority in terms of 'natural rights', acknowledging the right to self-protection and the needs of individuals. A further development is the idea that the state is the instrument of justice beyond its own boundaries. He asserted that there were universal moral standards that could be used to judge questions of international conflict. This universal morality was based on two prinicples: that self-preservation is always legitimate; and that wanton injury of another is always illegitimate. [On this foundation, rules for reconciling conflict could be erected and the existence of civil society explained.] These views have characterised much political thought from Grotius' day to the present and have played their part in the history of international law.This collection of articles presents in chronological order the writings of 20th century authors on Grotius and covers such topics as the life of Grotius, the evolution of his ideas, his contribution to the theory of ‘natural law’ and his wider significance as a political thinker.

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Book SynopsisThomas Hobbes (1588-1679) is best known for his development of the concept of sovereignty, which was treated most clearly in his great work, Leviathan. Whilst Hobbes was not the first theorist of sovereignty, he remains perhaps the most thorough exponent of the concept. His accounts of morality and religion, as well as of government, are set out in a way that precludes legitimate challenge to the sovereign's authority: and the soovereign, whether monarchical or republican or parliamentary, was taken by Hobbes to be fundamental to civil life.Much of the literature on Hobbes has been devoted to his work on sovereignty. However, this does not exhaust the interest of Hobbes' thought, and recent scholars have also investigated such topics as his conception of historiography, his natural philosophy and his account of religion, and considered how these relate to his political thought. The articles selected in these three volumes reflect these concerns and offer an exploration of Hobbes' political philosophy.

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Book SynopsisJohn Locke (1632-1704), the English philosopher, has had a wide-ranging influence on modern political thought. Locke’s political philosophy is based on the premise that by nature human beings are equal and that therefore no-one is under the authority of another unless by his own consent. In Locke’s view, natural law constitutes and protects rights of life, liberty and property. His writings are a turning point in the theory of natural rights, linking constitutionalism and toleration. The impact of his ideas can be seen in the American constitution, in the French Revolution and in the development of modern liberalism. His theory of property is a basis for modern discussion of the subject and its emphasis on labour as a source of value and entitlement forms the background for the later economics of both Adam Smith and Karl Marx.The articles contained in these volumes have been carefully selected in order to put Locke’s work in a wider context. They explore various aspects of Locke’s political theory and investigate his theories on property, natural law, the ‘state of nature’ and toleration.

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Book SynopsisThe work of David Hume (1711-76), the Scottish historian and philosopher, constitutes a break with the assumptions of his predecessors who suggested that our ideas and practices answered to a rational design, whether divine or human. Instead Hume emphasized the origins of our ideas in sensation, suggested that reason was properly the slave of the passions, and located the origins of social and political institutions in utility and sentiment.Hume's philosophy found its complement in his political essays and History of England, which emhphasized unintended results and the complexity of the historical process. Altogether Hume’s work constitutes the first thoroughgoing attempt since the rise of Christianity to characterize human experience in terms that offered an alternative to theologically-based or para-theological theories. As such, its importance for subsequent developments, like that of Kant’s work, is not to be underestimated.This significant anthology contains articles on different aspects of his thought - his historical works, his political scepticism, his concepts of justice, liberty and property and moral evaluation.

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Book SynopsisIn this major book an internationally acclaimed group of scholars examines theoretical and applied topics of particular relevance to public choice analysis.Current Issues in Public Choice demonstrates the fruitfulness and originality of the Public Choice School. These twelve papers have been prepared by some of the most prominent scholars in economic science, including James M. Buchanan, Amartya K. Sen, Bruno S. Frey, Jon Elster, Geoffrey Brennan and Gordon Tullock. Specific areas covered include the foundations of public choice theory, its scope and method, constitutional economics, game theory, rent-seeking, the European Union, public finance and the theory of societal economics.The pioneering research, theory and analysis brought together in this volume will be widely and profitably used by economists, political scientists and public and social choice scholars seeking insight into fundamental theoretical issues and applied analyses on current affairs.Trade Review'The book is worth reading and can be recommended not only to public choice scholars but also to a broader audience.'Table of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: Foundation of Public Choice Theory Part II: Scope and Method of Public Choice Theory Part III: Constitutional Economics Part IV: Public Choice and Game Theory Part V: Rent-Seeking Part VI: Constitutional Economics and European Union Part VII: Public Choice and Public Finance Part VIII: Theory of Societal Evolution

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book offers a critical history of the development of Soviet ideology, discussing its centrality to Soviet politics and the destructive effect that it had on the Gorbachev reforms.Neil Robinson analyses the nature and historical evolution of Soviet ideology between 1917 and 1985 to demonstrate the structural importance of Soviet ideological discourse and the uncertain place that it allocated to the communist party in the Soviet political system. On the basis of this analysis, Dr Robinson provides a fresh interpretation of Gorbachev's political reforms. He describes the ideological dynamic that underwrote the development of perestroika, how Gorbachev's ideas on democratization sent contradictory messages to the communist party, and how this stimulated opposition to perestroika from party cadres and Soviet society. Ideology and the Collapse of the Soviet System establishes the ideological roots of the crisis of Soviet power under Gorbachev and provides a convincing account of the Soviet system's inability to reform itself.Trade Review'. . . this work is a serious attempt to bring ideology back into discussions about the end of the Soviet Union.' -- Bartholomew Goldyn, Slovo'. . . this is an excellent book which sheds considerable light upon the role of ideology, particularly in the last years of the Soviet Union.' -- Graeme Gill, Europe - Asia Studies'. . . Robinson's book is invaluable and will be of lasting value.' -- Michael Waller, Keele University, UK'Robinson's method is considerably more advanced than the methodologies that informed most discussions of this subject while the USSR was still in existence. He asks better questions and comes up with more stimulating answers than one is likely to find in conventional sovietological accounts.' -- Michael Urban, Slavic ReviewTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Bringing Ideology Back In: The Party and the Soviet Model of Politics 2. The Origins of Soviet Ideology and the Power of the Party 3. Ideology after Stalin: Khrushcev, Breshnev and the Revival of Communist Construction and the Resurrection of Party Power 4. Breaking the Ice: From Uskorenie to Perestroika. Gorbachevism, 1985–1987 5. The Second Phase of Perestroika: “Socialist pluralism of opinions”, the “Socialist law-based state” and “socialist choice” and the Party 6. The End of the Soviet Model of Politics: The Failure of the Party and the Collapse of Party Hegemony 7. Conclusion: Ideology and the Collapse of the Soviet System Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis major book brings together four essays which rigorously defend classical liberal philosophy and present a convincing justification of the minimal state.In Before Resorting to Politics, the first essay, Anthony de Jasay rejects political solutions, seeks to de-politicise society and provides an original analysis of liberty, coercion, the role of chance and deserts in the distribution of resources. This is followed by Norman Barry's Classical Liberalism in the Age of Post-Communism, a succinct but comprehensive reconstruction of classical liberal theory explaining its implications for law, constitutionalism and public policy. Adam Smith into the Twenty-First Century by Edwin West shows how Smith's liberalism - less ambivalent than that of J.S. Mill and his followers - continues to thrive and is enjoying a revival in the 1990s. In the final essay, Economic Policy in a Liberal Democracy, Richard E. Wagner offers an approach to welfare economics and economic policy appropriate for a classically liberal society.The essays are co-ordinated by an introduction in which Charles K. Rowley explains why some notable classical liberal scholars have abandoned classical liberalism and presents a vigorous philosophical justification for the minimal state. Including essays by some of the most eminent scholars in the field, The Political Economy of the Minimal State makes an important and distinguished contribution to one of the most contentious issues in twentieth century political economy.Trade Review'I recommend the book for all who search for a more complete understanding of the foundation stones that form classical liberalism. I predict that readers with the intellectual appetite will read this book and then place it in a special place on the shelf that contains favorite books by Buchanan, Hayek, Locke and Mises. That is where my copy now resides.' -- Bruce Yandle, Constitutional Political EconomyTable of ContentsContents: Preface What is Living and What is Dead in Classical Liberalism 1. Before Restoring to Politics (A. de Jasay) 2. Classical Liberalism in the Age of Post-Connunism (N. Barry) 3. Adam Smith into the Twenty-First Century (E.G. West) 4. Economic Policy in a Liberal Democracy (R.E. Wagner)

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Book SynopsisClassical Liberalism in the Age of Post-Communism reconstructs the theory of classical liberalism as a unified doctrine that encompasses political economy, jurisprudence and social philosophy. Norman Barry’s essay provides explanations of the market economy, entrepreneurship, property rights theory and constitutionalism from a classical liberal perspective. The main elements of this doctrine are defended by Professor Barry against the criticisms of egalitarians, communitarians and the new reconstructed socialists. Despite some intellectual and practical successes the classical liberal doctrine has failed to capture the imagination of the establishment in the social sciences or the support of the electorate at large. Professor Barry shows how classical liberal public choice theory can counteract the apparent decline of the doctrine and enable us to explore the meanings of liberty, social justice and law in the context of contemporary social theory. Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Ideology 3. The Realism of Classical Liberalism 4. Spontaneous Order Theory and the Market 5. Market Orders 6. The German Market Economy, Ordo Liberalism and Classical Liberalism 7. Law and Constitutionalism 8. Constitutionalism and Sovereignty 9. Liberty and Democracy 10. Liberty 11. Contractarian Liberty 12. Justice 13. Classical Liberalism and Civil Society

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Book SynopsisParty Structure and Organization in East-Central Europe focuses on the origin and development of new political parties within different countries in East-Central Europe. The book has a clear focus on party structure and organization. It is one of the first books to present empirical studies of the development of political parties in Eastern Europe. Whilst making a distinctive contribution, it also feeds into the broader debate about party development and links with other issues of political theory. The book fills a major gap in our understanding of developments within political parties and their structural evolution. It raises questions about the status and role of a modern political party - not least in East-Central Europe - and the links that can be drawn between developments within the parties and their changing position within the political system as a whole. All those with an interest in comparative party development and the processes of post-communist change in Eastern Europe will welcome this well focused empirical study.Trade Review'. . . this volume represents one of the best works written to date on party organizational development in east central Europe and is essential reading for all political scientists interested in party politics in postcommunist systems.' -- John T. Ishiyama, Slavonic ReviewTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction and Theoretical Overview (P.G. Lewis) 2. The Structure and Organization of Hungary’s Political Parties (B. Lomax) 3. Hungarian Case Studies: The Alliance of Free Democrats and the Alliance of Young Democrats (M. Balázs, Z. Enyedi) 4. Parties in the Czech Parliament: From Transformative Towards Arena Type of Legislature (P. Kopecky) 5. Party Organization and Structure at National and Local Level in the Czech Republic Since 1989 (A. Kroupa, T. Kostelecky) 6. Parliamentary and Electoral Parties in Poland (S. Gebethner) 7. Party Organization in Post-communist Bulgaria (M. Waller, G. Karasimeonov) 8. Parties in Post-communist Society – the German Case (S. Padgett) 9. Transnational Party Links and Transition to Democracy: Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective (G. Pridham) Index

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Book SynopsisIn the latter part of a turbulent century for Europe, France and Germany have been at the forefront of the developments that have shaped both Western and Eastern Europe. Having initiated and controlled economic and monetary union, the greater goal is now that of further European integration, and the Franco-German dynamic is likely to be crucial again in the success or failure of achieving this.The Franco-German Axis in European Integration examines the effectiveness and durability of the Franco-German relationship in European integration, tracing this important partnership through many political and economic disparities. This study goes on to assess the role of these two states in the challenges now facing the Union; from EMU, to the process of stabilising its eastern borders, and from enlargement of the Union, to the struggle to agree on a common foreign security policy.This volume will appeal as much to policymakers and interest groups as it will to scholars, students, and researchers in the field of European studies and international relations.Trade Review'The book provides an excellent understanding of the unity and dissonance within the Franco-German relationship.' -- Aslib Book GuideTable of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: The Players 1. Introduction 2. French Self-perceptions of France’s Role in Europe: A Historical Perspective 3. The ‘German’ Conception of Germany Part II: The Policies 4. Economic and Monetary Union (EMU): A Franco-German Compromise? 5. The Forging of a Common Foreign and Security Policy 6. The Enlargement of the European Union Part III: The Outcome 7. Conclusion 8. Postscript by Roger Morgan Index

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses not only on economic and political transformation since the demise of communism in Eastern and Central Europe, but also on the relationships between economic organization, social patterns and institutional change. The changes in political structure and policies of economic reform have in turn resulted in changes in social institutions and patterns of social relations. The authors look at social relations under the old regimes to understand the current social transformation. They consider economic restructuring both in the context of social change and in terms of its consequences for society, using case studies from the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. The impact of economic changes on new forms of institutional arrangements, social patterns and organization are also discussed taking into account privatization, employment, social welfare, property and industrial relations. This new book will be welcomed by economists, political scientists and sociologists working in the area of transition.Trade Review'This book is a thorough and insightful account of changes in social institutions and patterns of social relations resulting from political restructuring and economic reforms. This book is a valuable empirical addition to the historical-institutionalist perspective in analyzing post-communist transformation. I recommend it to academic scholars and students in economics, political science, sociology, and organizational behavior, as well as to others working in the area of post-communist transition and transformation. Furthermore, specialists on recent worldwide changes in industrial relations would be interested in Cox and Mason's through account of institutional change and adaptation.' -- Elena Iankova, Industrial and Labor Relations Review 'The book can be recommended to students as a complementary text which would lead them to think in a disciplined theoretical manner about the transition.'– Ludek Rychetnik, Europe-Asia StudiesTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. The State-Managed Economy and Social Relations under the Old Regimes 3. Three Paths of Development of the State-Managed Economy 4. Paths of Extrication 5. The Contested Politics of Property Relations 6. Transformation and Institutional Change 7. Inequality, Poverty and Unemployment 8. Towards a New System of Industrial Relations 9. Property Ownership and Enterprise Participation 10. Problems and Prospects Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis ambitious book presents a conceptual framework for an institutional approach to economic change and economic transformation. It sheds important light on two basic concepts: social complexity and interactive governance.The first part of the book develops the theoretical foundations for dealing with social complexity, economic governance and change. The second part describes the failures and successes of different forms of governance in different cultural and institutional contexts. A major theme in the book is the significance of social context and path-dependence in the management of economic change.The book will have particular appeal to economists and political scientists concerned with the political economy of economic change and the transition process.Trade Review'. . . this collection offers a highly interesting insight into the eclectic complexity that is institutional and evolutionary economics.' -- A. Swain, Regional StudiesTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Interactive Governance and Social Complexity (A. Amin and J. Hausner) 2. The Foundational Bearing of Complexity (R. Delorme) 3. Cognitive Networks and Self-organization in a Complex Socio-economic Environment (M. Orillard) 4. Collectivist versus Individualist Perspectives on the Institutional Transition Process – Some Methodological Remarks (J. Lange-von Kulessa) 5. The Governance of Complexity and the Complexity of Governance: Preliminary Remarks on Some Problems and Limits of Economic Guidance (B. Jessop) 6. The Nature of Institutional Change: Managing Rival Dependencies (R. van Tulder and W. Ruigrok) 7. ‘Time-Space Embeddedness’ and ‘Geo-governance’ of Cross-border Regional Modes of Growth: Their Nature and Dynamics in East Asian Cases (N.-L. Sum) 8. Emergence of Path-dependent Mixed Economies in Central Europe (B. Chavance and E. Magnin) 9. From Patient to Active Agent: An Institutional Analysis of the Russian Border Town of Vyborg (R. Kosonen) 10. Transitional Problems in the Russian Agriculture Sector: A Historical-institutiona Perspective (S. Stahl) 11. The Globalization of European Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) (M. Kluth and J. Andersen) Index

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a critical assessment of the political and social order in the post-revolutionary decade of the 1990s in both the transitional economies and Western welfare states confronting fiscal crises. As we enter the new post-socialist century, James M. Buchanan argues that we need to think and act on the premise that the future is uncertain.James M. Buchanan examines the political economy of the post-socialist era, analysing the events of 1989-91 and some of their predicted consequences. In addition he reflects upon the influence of those revolutionary years and the reactions to the changes, as well as the role of economists in the new socio-political environment. The political economy of the post-socialist era will be determined by the forces of historical development, social and cultural evolution, directed political change and exogenous shocks. To a large extent, many of these forces cannot be planned for, except directed political change. This insightful new book will be welcomed by political economists, legal and political philosophers, political scientists and public choice economists.Trade Review'. . . this is a thought-provoking book written by one of the most eminent economists of our time on a subject that follows from some of the most momentous events of this century. . . . a book that pays reading.' -- Vani Borooah, The Economic Journal'. . . excellent collection of essays . . . Buchanan has written an important book that will spark debates over the direction of post communist transitions for years to come.'– Beverly Crawford and Nick Biziouras, Slavic ReviewTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: Scientific Vistas Part II: Post-Revolutionary Interpretation Part III: Constitutional Understanding Part IV: Federalism Index

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Book SynopsisIn this important new book, Gordon Tullock, a founding father of the public choice school, provides a formal analysis of the foundations of decision making. Voting procedures are crucial to Western democratic governments but are also employed in dictatorial governments, private clubs, corporations and religious organizations. This comprehensive book examines the many techniques of voting and the different outcomes in different situations. Gordon Tullock's analysis begins by using a simple model in which individuals vote in terms of their own preferences. It is assumed that the voters are well informed, their preferences are reasonably firm and there are no trades or bargains made among voters. These assumptions are then relaxed in order to make the analysis more realistic. Special attention is given to Arrow's work and the idea that people do not always vote according to simple preferences. The author discusses the phenomenon of 'throwing a vote away' or the possibility of an individual voting against their preference if offered something in return. After considering strategic voting, situations where voters engage in trades between one another and the lack of perfect information, Gordon Tullock examines a voter's options and the idea that individuals may rank options in degrees of their preferred outcomes. He also explores the possibility of preferences changing over time, why some issues are put up to vote and others are not, and situations where individuals voting with the same preferences, but in different voting systems, result in different outcomes.On Voting expands present thinking in the Public Choice school and provides a forum for creating new paradigms in the school as well as changing the focus and scope of current studies. It encourages new research by suggesting areas where more work should be done. The book will be of special interest to political scientists as well as those interested in public policy and political economy.Trade Review'Gordon Tullock has once again written an insightful and stimulating book. While political scientists who are not familiar with the public choice literature will find the book accessible, it can also be recommended to public choice scholars who are interested in suggestions for future research. . . . Gordon Tullock . . . has once again written a highly interesting book in an entertaining style. This book is a valuable addition to the impressive work done by one of the pioneers of public choice.'Table of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Myths 3. Some Simple but Confusing Mathematics 4. Choice of Alternatives 5. Simple Vote Trades 6. Direct Voting with Log-Rolling 7. More Complicated Log-Rolling 8. Efficiency in Log-Rolling 9. Directions of Representives 10. Voting, Different Methods and General Considerations Appendix A Bouquet of Voting Methods Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume, together with a new original introduction, contains the most significant of Anthony Downs's essays written over the past four decades on politics and political theory. The articles address issues such as democracy, public choice theory, rational political decision making and political policy. As such this will be an ideal companion to his famous book An Economic Theory of Democracy. In this collection, Anthony Downs shows how a rational analyst can apply common sense and the lessons of practical experience to the most fundamental and difficult aspects of the political theory of democracy. Written in easily accessible language, Downs' analysis of political behaviour in a democracy and specifically the public choice view is applied to many aspects of democratic politics including cycles of political attention to specific issues, and the long term evolution of democracy.This book will prove invaluable to academics and students of politics, democracy, and public choice theory.Trade Review'Anthony Downs is one of the outstanding thinkers of our times. In an age and country where the title of intellectual has become almost a term of abuse, he has demonstrated the power of ideas in the world of practical affairs. His work focuses on problems, and cuts through disciplinary boundaries. It is informed by a concern to improve the human condition, and a commitment to rigorous analysis of how this can be achieved. The papers in this collection, from his classic work on the economic theory of democracy, to his writings on urban policy and property markets, provide a summary of forty years of a career that has decisively shaped the way in which we think about public affairs.'Table of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction 1. An Economic Theory of Political Action in Democracy 2. Why the Government Budget is too Small in a Democracy 3. In Defense of Majority Voting 4. The Public Interest: Its Meaning in a Democracy 5. A Theory of Large Managerial Firms 6. Up and Down with Ecology – the “Issue-Attention Cycle” 7. Separating the Planning and Procurement of Public Services from their Production and Delivery 8. They Sell Sizzle, but Their Predictions Fizzle 9. The Evolution of Democracy

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Book SynopsisThis volume offers a selection of the works of one of the most persuasive and sophisticated theorists of the free economy and the free society, Arthur Asher Shenfield.Arthur Asher Shenfield was a classical liberal and an astute critic of misguided government intervention in a free economy. He produced sophisticated refutations of both full-blooded socialism and the milder varieties of collectivism and welfarism pioneered in Scandinavia and Western Europe. He was a keen observer of American affairs and included here is a selection of his essays on constitutionalism and law in the United States. These essays trace the decline in legal protection that America has given economic agents and examine the rise of socialist influences in the American judiciary system. Shenfield also offers a robust account of the legal and economic effect of US and European anti-trust law, as well as discussing the adverse effect on economic efficiency caused by trade unions.In these essays, Arthur Asher Shenfield has made the law and economics of a free society accessible to businessmen and policymakers as well as to scholars and students of classical liberal philosophy and law.Trade Review'There is far more wisdom on a broad array of subjects to be found in this book than a review can possibly do justice to. Shenfield's writings will prove to be worthwhile reading for anyone who is a friend of liberty.' -- William Peterson, Ideas on Liberty'This remarkable book is an essential read for the specialist, as well as the general reader who wants a really clear account of the law and economics of a free society. . . . this beautifully produced edition must surely go a long way towards achieving the recognition which is so much his due. . . . Arthur Shenfield's stimulating views on competition law alone are enough to make this book an indispensable read.' -- Allister Heath, Economic Affairs'A rare combination of the scholar and practitioner, learned in both law and economics, Arthur Shenfield's writings range widely yet are all illuminated by a deep understanding of the requirements of a free society. A pleaure to read, they can be highly recommended to everyone interested in understanding how to achieve and preserve a free society.' -- Milton Friedman, Hoover Institution, US'Classical liberalism needs more barristers like Arthur Asher Shenfield, who was a genuine master in the give-and-take of oral argument. It is useful to have his written essays available to those who cannot share his persuasive presence more directly. And, for those of us who remember him, we can read these essays as we listen to Arthur Shenfield in our memory.' -- James M. Buchanan, Center for Study of Public Choice, George Mason University, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. A Biography (Charles K. Rowley) Part I: Law, Economy and the State 2. Friedrich A. von Hayek 3. The New Thought of F.A.Hayek 4. Hayek on Law 5. Equality before the Law 6. Must we Abolish the State? 7. The New Deal and the Supreme Court Part II: The Meaning of the Market 8. The Nature of Competition 9. The Economic System – Rules versus Authorities 10. Conservatism and the Liberal Economy 11. Myth and Reality in Anti-trust Part III: Socialism: The Fatal Conceit 12. Myth and Reality in Economic Systems 13. The Failure of Socialism Part IV: Trade Unions: Above the Law 14. The Rise of Trade Union Power in Britain 15. What About the Trade Unions? 16. Unions and National Politics 17. Thatcher’s Reform of Britain’s Labour Unions 18. Big Government, Big Labour and Big Business Part V: The Spirit of Capitalism 19. Capitalism under the Tests of Ethics 20. Sense and Nonsense about the Corporation 21. The Businessman and the Politician 22. The Roots of American Discontent 23. The Ideological War Against Western Society 24. The Ugly Intellectual

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first of its kind: a monograph devoted to a systematic critical examination and exposition of the theory of a priori voting power. This important branch of social-choice theory overlaps with game theory and is concerned with the ability of members in bodies that make yes or no decisions by vote to affect the outcome. The book includes, among other topics, a reasoned distinction between two fundamental types of voting power, the authors' discoveries on the paradoxes of voting power, and a novel analysis of decision rules that admit abstention.Formal mathematical statements are accompanied by reader-friendly informal explanations. The theory is applied and illustrated in extensive case studies. A series of US court cases concerning the application of the principle of 'one person, one vote' are critically examined in the light of the theory. The history of 'qualified majority voting' in the European Community's Council of Ministers is outlined and the distribution of voting power under this rule is analysed for each period of the community's growth. The measurement of voting power where abstention is a distinct option is illustrated with the examples of the US Congress and the UN Security Council.This important book breaks new ground and will be of interest to students and researchers in social choice, game theory, and in related disciplines such as political economy, business administration and constitutional law.Trade Review'The book under review is of exceptional interest for a wide range of potential readers: 1) for students and postgraduates as a basic textbook and a handbook; 2) for lecturers delivering courses connected with decision making as the source of mathematical models and real examples; 3) for researchers as a handbook as well as an inexhaustible source of unsolved problems.' -- V.G. Skobolev, Zentralblatt fur Mathematik und ihre Grenzgebiete'Felsenthal and Machover's book is a well-balanced mixture of overview, evaluation and new results. It is both a fine scholarly achievement and a most readable text. No one working in the field of formal political theory, institutional design and/or applied social choice theory can afford to ignore it.' -- Hannu Nurmi, European Journal of Political Economy'. . . provides a systematic critical examination and exposition of the foundations and methodological presuppositions of the theory of a priori voting power. . . . it will prove to be a very valuable source of reference and a starting point for every scholar doing research in the field of voting power analysis. The book or parts of it could also be used as a standard textbook for a course on voting power at an advanced graduate level . . . The Measurement of Voting Power is an excellent book, full of stimulating insights and with some suggestions for future research. It is mathematically rigorous, but at the same time very reader-friendly due to informative informal explanations. It is at the cutting edge of research in the theory and measurement of a priori voting power, but it is also of practical and political relevance, insofar as it provides a sound basis for the analysis of real-life decision-making processes.' -- Matthias Sutter, Public Choice'This book provides an extensive survey in the field of voting power measurement (and further), well documented and self contained. . . . The book provides a very up-to-date and exhaustive bibliography, but does not neglect to remind and often clear up the historical origin of the various theoretical developments. Covering its subject widely, it presents not only the groundwork of the theory of voting power measurement and its main tools . . . but also the related backgrounds, applications and discussions, with wide incursions into the US and European voting systems. Read it: its a must!' -- Gisele De Meur, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium'To say that this book is excellent would be an understatement. It is really remarkable. Not only would it help people using power indices to redirect their analysis, but it could also incite game theorists in general to reconsider the bad opinion they have of cooperative game theory (must I say that there are several texts that exist on game theory in which cooperative game theory is hardly mentioned?). In brief, it is very highly recommended to social choice theorists, game theorists (and mathematical economists using game theory), and mathematically-inclined political scientists.' -- Maurice Salles, Social Choice and Welfare'This is an excellent book. Felsenthal and Machover do a remarkable job of weaving together extended discussions of real-world voting systems, the philosophical and historical aspects of measuring power in such contexts, and the paradoxes of voting power - including the striking examples from their own recent work with Zwicker. Anyone interested in voting and social choice, mathematicians, economists, political scientists, philosophers should own a copy.' -- Alan Taylor, Union College, US'The history of the power indices goes back more than fifty years and is told accurately and completely, for the first time, in this volume. More important, Felsenthal and Machover elucidate the conceptual foundations of the power indices, discover new paradoxes to which the various indices are vulnerable, and draw important lessons, using empirical cases, about the proper measurement and interpretation of voting power.' -- Steven Brams, New York University, US'Dan Felsenthal and Moshe Machover have been writing stimulating and important papers on the voting power indices for several years. This book collects them together and adds new material. It is both mathematically rigorous and politically important. It will become a required reference for anyone working on weighted voting games, whether in US legislatures or the European Union.' -- Iain McLean, Nuffield College, Oxford University, UK'This book pulls no punches in exposing confusions in the orthodox approach to voting power. Its clarity and good sense point the way to a better founded theory.' -- Ken Binmore, University College London, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Groundwork of the Theory 3. Power as Influence 4. Weighted Voting in the US 5. Weighted Voting in the CMEC 6. Power as a Prize 7. Paradoxes and Postulates 8. Taking Abstention Seriously Appendix

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of this widely acclaimed book considers the extent to which the Baltic states have succeeded politically and economically in their aspirations to emulate Western institutions since independence. The book has been completely revised since the first edition to account for the rapid changes in the countries themselves, and in the theories that attempt to generalize the patterns of development in post-communist countries.The Baltic States after Independence, Second Edition provides a thorough analysis of the political and economic systems of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. It sheds new light on the processes and obstacles which have characterized the Baltic transition from the Soviet system. The authors examine the history of these countries and the movements towards democracy, institutional change and economic development during the post-communist era. In addition, they analyse other issues including national identity, security and Western integration, and have included a new chapter on international relations, reflecting the changing issues faced by the Baltic states.This book offers a unique insight into political, economic and social life in the three independent Baltic states which will be welcomed by academics and students working in the areas of political science, economic development and transition studies.Trade Review'The Baltic States After Independence is an excellent and informative account of how the Baltic republics have failed. . . . This excellent book is indispensable for any scholar studying the former Soviet Union. Although this book will be a definitive reference for transition scholars, it deserves a wider audience. I would encourage every economics major to read it, or at least parts of it. Too often the economics curriculum, tainted by orthodoxy, ignores the interdependence of economics, politics, and international relations. The authors superbly demonstrate that markets do not develop independently and ahistorically, rather their development is path dependent and guided by a qualified and efficient state apparatus. I can think of no better book that disparages neoclassical orthodoxy almost to the point of irrelevancy, while at the same time vindicating the central tenets of institutionalism.'Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Democracy and Institutional Change in Post-Communist Countries 2. History and Institutional Change in the Baltic States 3. Reconstructing and Developing Democracy 4. Economic Development: Is there an Estonian Success? 5. National Identity, Security and Western Integration 6. Institutional Adaptation in new Democracies Appendix References Index

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book examines the concept of Eurogovernance and the parameters of public policy making in contemporary Europe. It argues that government and governance can only be understood from a multi-theoretical perspective and analyses the consequences of the challenge of regional interdependence for individual states, the European Union, and for Europe as a whole.In the first part, the authors introduce theories of public policy, the policy process and decision making. They then discuss Eurogovernance in the light of issues such as immigration, health policy, environment policy, eastward expansion of the European Union (EU), structural funding and defence policy. They find that there is no one correct way to analyse Europe's public policy and governance - the type of analysis changes according to its context. The authors also discuss the continuing hegemony exercised by the USA in, for example, security and defence issues, as well as economic management. Readers are also made aware of the dangers emanating from regions of instability, dangers which if not properly addressed may come to pose a threat to the grand designs of the architects of the EU's political and cultural destiny.This book will be essential reading for scholars of public policy and European studies.Table of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: Eurogovernance and the Policy Process 1. Eurogovernance: Theories and Approaches to the EU 2. Public Policy in the New Europe Part II: Policies: States and Institutions 3. Economic Management and Governance in Europe 4. The Politics of Structural Funding: Arenas and Agendas 5. European Union Police Policy Making and Co-operation 6. The Governance of Migration: Towards a European Immigration Regime 7. The Health of Nations: Structures and Discourses in Pan-European Health Policy 8. Environmental Europe 9. Eurogovernance and Eastward Expansion of the EU: Formal versus Substantive Democratic Reform 10. Defence and Security Policy Part III: The Nature and Shape of Public Policy in Europe 11. Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisJeremy Black considers the causes of war from 1450 to the present, using global examples to illustrate his argument. This study bridges the disciplines of history, political science and international relations.

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Book SynopsisThis is a book of theory written from Africa. Its concern is the development of concepts for an understanding of emancipatory politics in Africa in particular, and in the Third World in general. ‘Politics’ here means consciousness, ideology, practice, choices and thought. The two core concepts which the book develops are the idea of ‘excess’ and that of ‘political sequence’. These are both made necessary by the underlying commitment to the axiom that ‘people think’ – that people are capable of thinking rationally beyond their interests as de?ned by their social location within a matrix of social relations regulated by the state. Drawing on the work of Alain Badiou and Sylvain Lazarus, the category of the sequence is used to provide an alternative to historicism in which ‘politics’ exists only as historical sequences which are discontinuous.These concepts are deployed variously in the history of anti-colonial and national liberation struggles and in contemporary experiences on the African continent. The book asserts that Africans, rather than having simply been the victims of modern history, have contributed to the universal history of humanity and continue to do so in original and inventive ways which provide important pointers for thinking human emancipation worldwide in the 21st century.Table of ContentsForeword by Ernest Wamba-dia-Wamba; Preface; Acknowledgements; General Introduction: Politics is thought, thought is real, people think; Part One Understanding Subjective Political Sequences; From African History to African Historical Sequences; Theoretical Introduction: understanding historical political sequences; Chapter 1 From Saint Domingue to Haiti and the Politics of Equality: The Human Freedom Mode of Politics and its Afterlives 1791 - 1796, 1804 - 1960; Chapter 2 Are Those-who-do-not-count Capable of Reason? On the limits of historical thought; Chapter 3 The National Liberation Struggle Mode of Politics in Africa 1945 - 1975; Chapter 4 South Africa and the People's Power Mode of Politics 1984 - 1986; Chapter 5 From Emancipatory Nationalism to National Chauvinism in South Africa: 1973 - 2013; Chapter 6 Rethinking Militancy and Popular Politics; Conclusion to Part One: Understanding Fidelity to the South African Emancipatory Event: the Treatment Action Campaign and Abahlali baseMjondolo; Part Two Opening up the Thought of Politics in Africa Today - Exceeding the Limits of Sociology beyond Representation Theoretical Introduction: social representation, modes of rule and political prescriptions; Chapter 7 Marxism and the Politics of Representation: the 'agrarian question' and the limits of political economy; Chapter 8 Thinking beyond Representation, Acting beyond Representation: understanding worker subjectivities in South Africa toda; Chapter 9 Renaming the State in Africa today; Chapter 10 State Domains of Politics and Systemic Violence in Africa today; Chapter 11 Rethinking the Domain of Civil Society and its Politics; Chapter 12 Rethinking the Domain of Traditional Society and its Politics; Conclusion to Part Two: Toward a Politics of Solidarity; General Conclusion: Constituting the Domain of Freedom: thinking politics at a distance from the state; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe contributors to this volume draw on a non-dogmatic Marxist approach to explain the systemic and conjunctural dynamics of crisis inherent in global capitalism. Their analysis asks what is historically specific to capitalism’s crises while avoiding catastrophic or defeatist claims. At the same time the volume situates left agency within actual patterns of resistance and class struggle to clarify the potential for transformative change. The cycle of resistance strengthened by the World social Forum and transnational activism is now punctuated by the experience of the Arab spring, the agency of antisystemic movements, left think tanks, the Occupy Wall street Movement, labour unions, left parties in europe such as syrizia and Podemos and peoples’ budgeting in Kerala, india. On the down side we are witnessing the waning of the Workers Party in Brazil and serious challenges for south Africa’s once powerful labour movement and still formative social justice activism. All these developments are assessed in this volume. This is the second volume in the Democratic Marxism series. it elaborates on crucial themes introduced in the first volume, Marxisms in the 21st Century: Crisis, Critique and Struggle (edited by Michelle Williams and vishwas satgar).Table of ContentsAcknowledgements; Acronyms and abbreviations; Introduction: Vishwas Satgar; Contemporary understandings of capitalism's crises and class struggle; From marx to the systemic crises of capitalist civilisation, Vishwas Satgar; Activist understandings of the crisis of 2008, William K. Carroll; Capitalist crisis and left responses in the global north; Occupy and the dialectics of the left in the United States, Leah-Hunt Hendrix and Isham Christie; Austerity and resistance: The politics of labour in the Eurozone crisis, Andreas Bieler and Jamie Jordan; Beyond social democratic and communist parties: Left political organisation in transition in western, Europe Hilary Wainwright; Capitalist crisis and left responses in the global south; Brazil: From neoliberal democracy to the end of the 'Lula Moment', Alfredo Saad Filho; The global financial crisis and 'resilience': The case of India, Sumangala Damodaran; Real wage trends and the labour crisis in South Africa, Niall Reddy; Seize power! The role of the constitution in unifying social justice struggles in South Africa, Mark Heywood.

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Book SynopsisSauti! (Swahili for `Voice!’) is a new note in the call for Africa to extricate itself from its colonial past and create a unique identity in consonance with its own culture. In these pages, the author makes a cultural and spiritual journey enquiring into the future of the African continentTable of ContentsAfrican philosophy and contemporary African experience: Of the four trends of African philosophy; a post-ethnological age in African philosophy; a new identity for African philosophy; Africa and the question of modernity; race and identity in contemporary Africa; the quest for an analytical approach in African philosophy. The Africanisation of languages and communication: The construction of reality through the medium of language; beyond logocentrism and Western linguistic hegemony; a brief contemporary sociolinguistic profile of African countries; semiotics and linguistic Africanisation. The discontents of Eurocentrism: Eurocentrism's prejudices about Africa; ruminations on Orientalism as a species of Eurocentrism. African ethical challenges in the contemporary world: Neo-humanism as an ethical challenge; ethical challenges on the African continent and in the Diaspora; Africa's normative responsibility towards the environment; on the responsibility for thinking justice. African development and revolutions in science: On creative theorising in the African scientific enterprise; Africa's possible contribution to scientific innovation; revolutions in science important for contemporary Africa; Africa and the aesthetic logic of globalisation.

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