Political campaigning and advertising Books

Book SynopsisMost theories of elections assume that voters and political actors are fully rational. This title provides a behavioral theory of elections based on the notion that all actors - politicians as well as voters - are only boundedly rational.Trade Review"[T]his book offers plenty food for thought for both theoretical and empirical minded scholars and is a must read for anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of electoral competition."--Jasper Muis, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation "It ... need[s] to be confronted and digested by every graduate student who hopes to make his or her scholarly name in this field, because it provides a way to unify the higgledy-piggledy world of political behavior. It isn't the final word, but it is an important early step."--Kenneth A. Shepsle, Perspectives on PoliticsTable of ContentsAcknowledgments xi Chapter One: Bounded Rationality and Elections 1 1.1 Framing and Representations 5 1.2 Heuristics 8 1.3 Aspiration-based Adaptation and Bounded Rationality 12 1.4 Plan of This Book 21 Chapter Two: Aspiration-based Adaptive Rules 23 2.1 ABARs Defined 23 2.2 Some Important Properties of ABARs 33 2.3 The Evidential Status of Aspiration-based Adaptation 46 Chapter Three: Party Competition 52 3.1 Related Work 54 3.2 The Model and Its Implications 56 3.3 Informed and/or Sophisticated Challengers 68 3.4 Robustness Issues 74 3.5 Conclusions 78 Chapter Four: Turnout 80 4.1 The Model 82 4.2 Main Results 85 4.3 Variations in Participation 96 4.4 Conclusions 107 Chapter Five: Voter Choice 109 5.1 The Model 112 5.2 The Endogenous Emergence of Party Affiliation 116 5.3 Misperceptions 121 5.4 Retrospection and Prospection Combined 122 5.5 Voter Sophistication and Electoral Outcomes 124 5.6 Institutions and Unsophisticated Retrospective Voters 128 5.7 Conclusions 130 Chapter Six: An Integrated Model of Two-Party Elections 132 6.1 Full Computational Model for Two Parties 134 6.2 Some Results of the Basic Integrated Model 138 6.3 The Choices of Voters 141 6.4 Party Location 145 6.5 Turnout 148 6.6 New Questions 152 6.7 Conclusion 159 Chapter Seven: Elections with Multiple Parties 161 7.1 Extending Our Results to Multiple Parties 161 7.2 Multicandidate Competition and Duverger's Law 166 7.3 The Model and Simulation Results 173 7.4 An Intuition 180 7.5 ABARs and Dynamic Stability 183 7.6 Model Meets Data 184 Chapter Eight: Conclusions: Bounded Rationality and Elections 191 8.1 Testing the Theory 194 8.2 Normative Considerations: Voter Error and Systemic Performance 196 8.3 Extensions 198 Appendix A: Proofs 205 Appendix B: The Computational Model 215 B.1 Overview 215 B.2 Graphical Model 216 B.3 Batch Model 229 Bibliography 233 Index 249

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Book SynopsisDemonstrating how candidates and their campaigns affect the economic vote, this book provides a different way of understanding past elections - and predicting future ones. It offers a theory of campaigns that explains why electoral victory requires more than simply being the candidate favored by prevailing economic conditions.Trade Review"This is not just another book about the impact of the economy on elections. The Message Matters breaks new ground in showing how presidential candidates effectively use the economy when it works in their favor and how some candidates win even when the economy is working against them."--Stanley B. Greenberg, American Prospect "Lucid writing sheds light on a subject often neglected, and readers can glean some useful information."--Choice "This is an impressive book. Vavreck's main contributions are to offer a coherent theory of how economic context should condition campaign effects, to document what types of campaigns presidential candidates have run, and to show that those candidates running the campaigns she suggests have influenced the election in their favor."--Jonathan Nagler, Political Science Quarterly "Vavreck's book is an interesting and very readable contribution for people with an interest in media and election studies. The themes candidates use within American election cycles are now much better illuminated and Vavreck opens the door for a host of exciting analyses that will likely be built on The Message Matters' foundation."--Anders B. Rasmussen, MedieKulturTable of ContentsList of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Acknowledgments xvii Prologue xxi CHAPTER ONE: Presidential Campaigns 1 Basic Questions 2 What's Coming 3 PART I CHAPTER TWO: How and Why Campaigns Matter 9 The Challenge 10 Something's Happening in America 11 The Importance of the Economy 12 The Importance of the Media 14 A Theory of Campaign Effects 15 Integrating Literatures 16 Spatial Voting: The Past as Predictor of the Future 18 Retrospective Voting and Campaign Effects 22 Individual-Level Characteristics and Campaign Effects 23 CHAPTER THREE: Context Matters: A Campaign Typology 26 Theoretical Predictions 28 A Campaign Typology 31 Clarifying Campaigns 31 Insurgent Campaigns 32 When the Economy Is Mixed 33 Predicting Campaign Types, 1952-2000 35 PART II CHAPTER FOUR: The Media Disconnect:Media and Candidate Messages 43 Candidates' Messages and How to Measure Them 46 Advertisements and Speeches 46 Newspaper Coverage 48 Coding the Ads, Speeches, and News Coverage 53 The Content of Modern Campaigns 57 The Media Disconnect 58 CHAPTER FIVE: The Message Matters: Candidate-Level Tests of the Theory 67 Clarifying Campaigns: Dominating Economic Discussion 69 Insurgent Campaigns: Issue Selection Matters 71 Stevenson 1952 and 1956: Second Time Same as the First 76 Goldwater 1964: Just Enough Power to Get the Job Done 78 Carter 1980 and Mondale 1984:War through Strength 80 Dukakis 1988: An Unfocused American Dream 82 Insurgent Candidates Making Wise Choices 83 Kennedy 1960: High Hopes 83 Nixon 1968: Freedom from Fear or Racial Appeal? 86 Carter 1976: Outside and Honest 90 Two More Tests of the Theory at the Candidate Level 105 A More Rigorous Test of Compliance 105 Explaining the Errors in Forecasting Models 107 PART III CHAPTER SIX: The Message Matters:Microlevel Tests of the Theory 113 Clarifying Candidate Campaign Effects: Do Campaign Messages Shape Voters' Evaluations of Candidates? 115 High Fidelity? 116 Ads:Messages That Matter 120 Clarifying Candidate Campaign Effects: Do Campaign Messages Help Voters Learn about Candidates' Issue Positions? 123 Measuring Uncertainty 125 Reducing Uncertainty 128 Campaign Learning about the Economy 131 Insurgent-Candidate Campaign Effects: Changing the Debate by Increasing the Importance of Issues 134 The Most Important Problem in the Nation 137 Most Important Problem and Vote Choice 140 Insurgent Candidate Campaign Effects: Being Closer to Most Voters on the Insurgent Issue 144 The Difference in Distances 144 Differences in Distances and Vote Choice 151 The Message and Its Effects 155 CHAPTER SEVEN: Candidates Creating Context 159 Can Candidates Create the Context? 160 Creating Salience: Finding the Right Insurgent Issue 163 Appendix 167 References 191 Index 199

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Book SynopsisOffers comprehensive analysis of electoral politics in America's municipalities. Arguing that explanations of voting behavior are ill suited for local contests, the author puts forward a theory that the differences between local, state, and national democracies.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2013 Best Book Award, Urban Politics Organized Section of the American Political Science Association "This study takes a modest step toward filling a vast hole in the systematic investigation of local elections in the U.S."--ChoiceTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Size, Scope, and Bias: What Differentiates Local Electoral Politics? 12 Chapter 2 Who Votes in Local Elections? 53 Chapter 3 Who Runs for Local Office? 87 Chapter 4 Systematic versus Idiosyncratic Factors in Local Elections 116 Chapter 5 What Influences Local Voters' Electoral Choices? 149 Chapter 6 Rethinking Local Democracy 183 References 209 Index 215

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Book SynopsisOn the night of the 2000 presidential election, Americans watched on television as polling results divided the nation's map into red and blue states. This title debunks these and other political myths. It includes easy-to-read graphics explaining the 2008 election. It is suitable for those seeking to make sense of fractured political landscape.Trade Review"Gelman and a group of fellow political scientists crunch numbers and draw graphs, arriving at a picture that refutes the [idea] ... of poor red-staters voting Republican against their economic interests. Instead, Gelman persuasively argues, the poor in both red states and blue still mostly vote Democratic, and the rich, nationally speaking, overwhelmingly vote Republican."--Leo Carey, New Yorker "Commentators on both the left and the right have theorized about why working-class Kansas farmers and latte-sipping Maryland suburbanites vote against their economic interests... The real paradox, [Gelman] says, is that while rich states lean Democratic, rich people generally vote Republican; while poor states lean Republican, poor people generally vote Democratic."--Alan Cooperman, Washington Post Book World "This is the Freakonomics-style analysis that every candidate and campaign consultant should read."--Robert Sommer, New York Observer "Gelman works his way, state by state, to help us better understand the relationship of class, culture, and voting. The book is a terrific read and offers much insight into the changing electoral landscape."--Sudhir Venkatesh, Freakonomics blog "[T]his book already analyzes far more data than do most. On that note, it is worth lauding another of this book's strengths: its rich graphical presentation of evidence. Its numerous figures often allow the reader to see the data and to draw one's own inferences, and they render the book accessible to those with little statistical training."--Gabriel S. Lenz, Public Opinion Quarterly "Although the book is stronger on description than interpretation, it raises important questions and presents its findings in a clear and readable fashion that encourages replication, critique, and elaboration... Red State, Blue State shows that much can be learned from applying serious quantitative analysis to popular ideas. It debunks popular misconceptions, but also reveals the limitations of most academic analyses."--David L. Weakliem, International Review of Modern SociologyTable of ContentsPART I: THE PARADOX 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Chapter 2: Rich State, Poor State 8 Chapter 3: How the Talking Heads Can Be So Confused 24 PART II: WHAT'S GOING ON 41 Chapter 4: Income and Voting over Time 43 Chapter 5: Inequality and Voting 58 Chapter 6: Religious Reds and Secular Blues 76 Chapter 7: The United States in Comparative Perspective 94 PART III: WHAT IT MEANS 109 Chapter 8: Polarized Parties 111 Chapter 9: Competing to Build a Majority Coalition 137 Chapter 10: Putting It All Together 165 Afterword The 2008 Election 179 Notes and Sources 197 Index 241

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Book SynopsisGovernments and NGOs - in an effort to promote democracy, freedom, fairness, and stability throughout the world - have organized teams of observers to monitor elections in a variety of countries. This book argues that the practice of international election monitoring is broken, but still worth fixing.Trade ReviewCo-Winner of the 2013 Chadwick F. Alger Prize, International Studies Association One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2013 "Monitoring Democracy is an impressive attempt to assess the success of international election monitoring by systematically comparing several hundred monitoring missions across the globe... [Kelley] also offers extensive concrete suggestions for improving monitoring in the future. This book addresses a major gap in the literature, in which there are numerous individual case studies but little serious comparative work. It is, therefore, mandatory reading for election monitoring professionals and for scholars doing research in that area."--Choice "Monitoring Democracy provides an insightful analysis of a topic of utmost policy relevance. Kelley carefully considers confounding factors, selection problems and possible biases in the data. The book touches on many interesting questions, and even offers advice to practitioners. The data work is impressive, both in terms of the codification of monitors' reports and the number of case-studies."--Karina Cendon Boveda, International Affairs "Kelley has produced a fine piece of scholarship that should be required reading for scholars interested in democracy promotion, as well as practitioners. The analysis is careful, broad, and admirably conversant in the details of specific countries and elections... One of her greatest contributions is the associated data set, which is publicly available and codes for both the characteristics of the monitoring missions and their detailed evaluations. Hence, interested researchers are amply supplied with the theoretical and empirical tools to build on Kelley's work."--Michael K. Miller, Perspectives on Politics "[T]his hook provides a rich, cogent, and thought-provoking entry point. It is essential reading for those interested in democracy promotion, international organizations and norms, and international influences on domestic politics."--Daniela Donno, Political Science Quarterly "Monitoring Democracy stands out as a major landmark in studies on the ways and waywardness of international election observers."--Manu V. Devadevan, Human Rights ReviewTable of ContentsIllustrations xi Tables xiii Preface xv Abbreviations xix PART I Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Two Questions 6 Methods of Analysis 12 Chapter 2: Th e Rise of a New Norm 16 The Changing Normative Environment 21 Contestation 23 Increased Supply and Demand 26 The Popularization of Monitoring 28 Monitoring Today: Organizational Variation 34 Summary 41 Chapter 3: Th e Shadow Market 43 Disagreements about Contested Elections 47 Who Invites Whom? 54 Discussion 56 Chapter 4: What Infl uences Monitors' Assessments? 59 Analyzing Summary Monitor Assessments 60 Five Types of Bias 63 Discussion 75 Chapter 5: Do Politicians Change Tactics to Evade Criticism? 77 What Constitutes Evidence of a Monitor- Induced Shift ? 78 What Are the Safer Forms of Cheating? 80 Data: Th e Varieties of Irregularities 82 The Record 84 Discussion 92 PART II Chapter 6: International Monitors as Reinforcement 97 Altering Incentives to Cheat 99 Altering Domestic Conditions 104 If It Works, When Should It Work? 107 Summary 109 Chapter 7: Are Monitored Elections Better? 112 Measures of Election Quality 112 An Overview of the Record 115 Statistical Analysis 121 Discussion 129 Chapter 8: Long- Term Eff ects 131 Selection of Countries and Method of Analysis 133 Do International Monitors Improve Elections Over Time? 136 When Do Countries Follow the Recommendations of International Monitors? 141 Discussion 151 Conclusion: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 155 Do Monitors Assess Elections Accurately and Objectively? 156 Do Monitors Improve the Quality of Elections? 166 Closing Th oughts 176 Appendix A: Data Description 181 Two Datasets 181 Variables 184 Appendix B: Statistical Supplement to Chapter 3 195 Appendix C: Statistical Supplement to Chapter 4 197 Dependent Variable 197 Analysis 197 Appendix D: Statistical Supplement to Chapter 7 199 with Mark Buntaine Additional Description of Matching Process 199 Appendix E: Case Summaries 211 with Kiril Kolev Albania: Th e Importance of Leverage 211 Armenia: Paper Compliance 214 Bangladesh: Slowly but Surely? 218 Bulgaria: Motivated but Slow 221 El Salvador: International Meddling for Both Good and Bad 223 Georgia: Not So Rosy 228 Guyana: Uphill Battle 232 Indonesia: A Sluggish Behemoth 237 Kenya: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back 242 Lesotho: Deadlock 245 Mexico: Constructive Engagement 247 Nicaragua: Excessive Meddling and Deal Making 252 Panama: Both a Will and a Way 256 Russia: Goliath Beats David 258 South Africa: Remarkably Unremarkable 261 Notes 265 References 293 Index 321

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Book SynopsisProvides an ethnographic portrait of two political campaigns, New Jersey Democrat Linda Stender's and that of Democratic Congressman Jim Himes of Connecticut, who both ran for Congress in 2008. This title examines how American political operatives use "personalized political communication" to engage with the electorate.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2014 Doris Graber Award, Political Communication Section of the American Political Science Association "Although running for office by knocking on doors may seem quant and old-fashioned, this book asserts the continued importance of personal campaign contact despite the existence of mass media and social networking. Based on extensive participant observation in two competitive Democratic House races, Nielsen not only provides very extensive personal stories from the campaign trail but also discovers interesting patters and attempts to link them to social science theory."--Choice "The beauty of Nielsen's book is that he takes you inside the ground wars, into the mundane world of the political junkies and hangers-on who want to be close to the main action, even if the action involves a county election."--William D. Crano, PsycCritiquesTable of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Prologue: Welcome to the Campaigns 1 Chapter 1: Personalized Political Communication in American Campaigns 4 Chapter 2: The Ground War Enters the Twenty-first Century 35 Chapter 3: Contacting Voters at Home 63 Chapter 4: Organizing Campaign Assemblages 95 Chapter 5: Targeting Voters for Personal Contacts 133 Chapter 6: Always Fighting the Same Ground War? 171 Research Appendix 189 Notes 209 References 221 Index 235

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Book SynopsisLooks at the political participation of individual citizens alongside the political advocacy of thousands of organized interests - membership associations such as unions, professional associations, trade associations, and citizens groups, as well as organizations like corporations, hospitals, and universities.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2012 Award for Excellence in Social Sciences, Association of American Publishers Winner of the 2012 PROSE Award in Government & Politics, Association of American Publishers "Kay Lehman Schlozman, Sidney Verba, and Henry E. Brady are the nation's leading analysts of participatory inequality, and The Unheavenly Chorus is their magnum opus--a wide-ranging, heavily statistical analysis of how Americans try to make themselves heard as individuals and through organizations of different kinds."--Paul Starr, New Republic "Superb."--John Diiulio, America "In The Unheavenly Chorus, [the authors] present a timely and wide-ranging analysis that catalogs and describes the nature and magnitude of political inequality in the United States... These esteemed authors, who have devoted their careers to the study of political participation, have assembled in 718 pages the most complete compendium of political inequality we have--its definition, sources, magnitude, and consequences--together with a consideration of changes in participatory processes that might alleviate inequalities in political voice. In the end, it is a troubling story about the state of American democracy."--Andrea Louise Campbell, Harvard Magazine "In The Unheavenly Chorus, the authors take direct aim at how economic inequality contributes to inequality in citizen involvement in politics. Over the course of 600 pages, they assiduously document that politics in America is a sport played mostly by members of the upper and upper-middle classes."--Nolan McCarty, American InterestTable of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxv Chapter 1. Introduction: Democracy and Political Voice 1 PART I: Thinking about Inequality and Political Voice Chapter 2. The (Ambivalent) Tradition of Equality in America 31 Chapter 3. The Context: Growing Economic Inequality and Weakening Unions 69 Chapter 4. Equal Voice and the Dilemmas of Democracy 96 PART II: Inequality of Political Voice and Individual Participation Chapter 5. Does Unequal Voice Matter? 117 Chapter 6. The Persistence of Unequal Voice 147 Chapter 7. Unequal at the Starting Line: The Intergenerational Persistence of Political Inequality with Nancy Burns 177 Chapter 8. Political Participation over the Life Cycle with Jennifer Erkulwater 199 Chapter 9. Political Activism and Electoral Democracy: Perspectives on Economic Inequality and Political Polarization 232 PART III: Inequality of Political Voice and Organized Interest Activity Chapter 10. Political Voice through Organized Interests: Introductory Matters 265 Chapter 11. Who Sings in the Heavenly Chorus? Th e Shape of the Organized Interest System with Traci Burch and Philip Edward Jones 312 Chapter 12. The Changing Pressure Community 347 Chapter 13. Beyond Organizational Categories 370 Chapter 14. Political Voice through Organized Interest Activity with Philip Edward Jones and Traci Burch 393 PART IV: Can We Change the Accent of the Unheavenly Chorus? Chapter 15. Breaking the Pattern through Political Recruitment 447 Chapter 16. Weapon of the Strong? Participatory Inequality and the Internet 483 Chapter 17. What, if Anything, Is to Be Done? with Shauna Shames 534 Chapter 18. Conclusion: Equal Voice and the Promise of American Democracy 574 Appendixes Appendix A: Equality and the State and U.S. Constitutions 605 Appendix B: The Persistence of Political and Nonpolitical Activity 608 Appendix C: The Intergenerational Transmission of Political Participation 616 Appendix D: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects 619 Appendix E: The Washington Representatives Database 621 Appendix F: Additional Tables 645 Appendix G: Do Online and Offline Political Activists Differ from One Another? 649 Index 655

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Book SynopsisLooks at the political participation of individual citizens alongside the political advocacy of thousands of organized interests - membership associations such as unions, professional associations, trade associations, and citizens groups, as well as organizations like corporations, hospitals, and universities.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2012 Award for Excellence in Social Sciences, Association of American Publishers Winner of the 2012 PROSE Award in Government & Politics, Association of American Publishers "Kay Lehman Schlozman, Sidney Verba, and Henry E. Brady are the nation's leading analysts of participatory inequality, and The Unheavenly Chorus is their magnum opus--a wide-ranging, heavily statistical analysis of how Americans try to make themselves heard as individuals and through organizations of different kinds."--Paul Starr, New Republic "Superb."--John Diiulio, America "In The Unheavenly Chorus, [the authors] present a timely and wide-ranging analysis that catalogs and describes the nature and magnitude of political inequality in the United States... These esteemed authors, who have devoted their careers to the study of political participation, have assembled in 718 pages the most complete compendium of political inequality we have--its definition, sources, magnitude, and consequences--together with a consideration of changes in participatory processes that might alleviate inequalities in political voice. In the end, it is a troubling story about the state of American democracy."--Andrea Louise Campbell, Harvard Magazine "In The Unheavenly Chorus, the authors take direct aim at how economic inequality contributes to inequality in citizen involvement in politics. Over the course of 600 pages, they assiduously document that politics in America is a sport played mostly by members of the upper and upper-middle classes."--Nolan McCarty, American InterestTable of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxv Chapter 1. Introduction: Democracy and Political Voice 1 PART I: Thinking about Inequality and Political Voice Chapter 2. The (Ambivalent) Tradition of Equality in America 31 Chapter 3. The Context: Growing Economic Inequality and Weakening Unions 69 Chapter 4. Equal Voice and the Dilemmas of Democracy 96 PART II: Inequality of Political Voice and Individual Participation Chapter 5. Does Unequal Voice Matter? 117 Chapter 6. The Persistence of Unequal Voice 147 Chapter 7. Unequal at the Starting Line: The Intergenerational Persistence of Political Inequality with Nancy Burns 177 Chapter 8. Political Participation over the Life Cycle with Jennifer Erkulwater 199 Chapter 9. Political Activism and Electoral Democracy: Perspectives on Economic Inequality and Political Polarization 232 PART III: Inequality of Political Voice and Organized Interest Activity Chapter 10. Political Voice through Organized Interests: Introductory Matters 265 Chapter 11. Who Sings in the Heavenly Chorus? Th e Shape of the Organized Interest System with Traci Burch and Philip Edward Jones 312 Chapter 12. The Changing Pressure Community 347 Chapter 13. Beyond Organizational Categories 370 Chapter 14. Political Voice through Organized Interest Activity with Philip Edward Jones and Traci Burch 393 PART IV: Can We Change the Accent of the Unheavenly Chorus? Chapter 15. Breaking the Pattern through Political Recruitment 447 Chapter 16. Weapon of the Strong? Participatory Inequality and the Internet 483 Chapter 17. What, if Anything, Is to Be Done? with Shauna Shames 534 Chapter 18. Conclusion: Equal Voice and the Promise of American Democracy 574 Appendixes Appendix A: Equality and the State and U.S. Constitutions 605 Appendix B: The Persistence of Political and Nonpolitical Activity 608 Appendix C: The Intergenerational Transmission of Political Participation 616 Appendix D: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects 619 Appendix E: The Washington Representatives Database 621 Appendix F: Additional Tables 645 Appendix G: Do Online and Offline Political Activists Differ from One Another? 649 Index 655

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Book SynopsisConstituents often fail to hold their representatives accountable for federal spending decisions--even though those very choices have a pervasive influence on American life. Why does this happen? Breaking new ground in the study of representation, The Impression of Influence demonstrates how legislators skillfully inform constituents with strategicTrade Review"[R]igorous and illuminating."--Choice "This book is sophisticated in its approaches, theoretically rigorous, and well written... The result is a deeply engaging and highly informative work."--Wendy J. Schiller, Congress & The Presidency "A noteworthy essay that grapples with the broad question of democratic accountability... There is much to like about The Impression of Influence."--Scot Schraufnagel, Political Science QuarterlyTable of ContentsList of Illustrations ix List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Representation, Spending, and the Personal Vote 1 2 Solving the Representative's Problem and Creating the Representative's Opportunity 15 3 How Legislators Create an Impression of Influence 32 4 Creating an Impression, Not Just Increasing Name Recognition 64 5 Cultivating an Impression of Influence with Actions and Small Expenditures 81 6 Credit, Deception, and Institutional Design 121 7 Criticism and Credit: How Deficit Implications Undermine Credit Allocation 148 8 Representation and the Impression of Influence 174 9 Text as Data: Methods Appendix 186 Bibliography 189 Index 203

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Book SynopsisFrom 1789 to 1913, U.S. senators were not directly elected by the people--instead the Constitution mandated that they be chosen by state legislators. This radically changed in 1913, when the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, giving the public a direct vote. Electing the Senate investigates the electoral connections among constTrade Review"Schiller and Stewart develop a database of breathtaking proportions to provide insight into the politics of indirect election of senators, and the consequences of direct and indirect election on electoral responsiveness. Rather than a dusty account of a long-forgotten reform, this book has implications for understanding the modern Senate."--ChoiceTable of ContentsList of Illustrations vii List of Tables ix Preface xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 A Theory of Indirect Election 20 Chapter 3 Candidate Emergence, Political Ambition, and Seat Value 51 Chapter 4 Party as Gatekeeper: Canvass, Convention, and Caucus as Nomination Mechanisms 82 Chapter 5 Political Dynamics and Senate Representation 121 Chapter 6 Senate Electoral Responsiveness under Indirect and Direct Election 157 Chapter 7 Myth and Reality of the Seventeenth Amendment 199 References 219 Index 227

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Book SynopsisOne of the greatest political advisers of all time, Niccolo Machiavelli thought long and hard about how citizens could identify great leaders--ones capable of defending and enhancing the liberty, honor, and prosperity of their countries. Drawing on the full range of the Florentine's writings, acclaimed Machiavelli biographer Maurizio Viroli gathersTrade Review"Voters of all persuasions will find much here to confirm their convictions... Machiavelli wanted to make his country great again, but greatness should have nothing to do with vanity or cruelty. Viroli offers a timely reminder of his thought."--Raphael Hogarth, Times Literary Supplement "As Maurizio Viroli makes clear in his short, sharp, and sobering How to Choose a Leader: Machiavelli's Advice to Citizens, the GOP's presidential nominee would have horrified the Florentine political thinker--not because he has grasped Machiavelli's advice--he hasn't--but because he scorns Machiavelli's values."--Robert Zaretsky, Los Angeles Review of Books "A good book for an election year."--ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction: Why Ask Machiavelli? ix I Citizens ought to "keep their hands on the republic" and "choose the lesser evil." 1 II " Judge by the hands, not by the eyes." 6 III " It is the common good which makes republics great." 12 IV " Whoever desires constant success must change his conduct with the times." 17 V " How by the delusions of seeming good the people are often misled to desire their own ruin; and how they are frequently influenced by great hopes and brave promises." 22 VI " Men almost always follow the beaten track of others, and proceed in their actions by imitation." 26 VII " Great men and powerful republics preserve an equal dignity and courage in prosperity and adversity." 33 VIII " And although these men were rare and wonderful, they were nevertheless but men, and the opportunities which they had were far less favorable than the present; nor were their undertakings more just or more easy than this; neither was God more a friend of them than of you." 37 IX " For it is the duty of any good man to teach others that good which the malignity of the times and of fortune has prevented his doing himself; so that amongst the many capable ones whom he has instructed, someone perhaps, more favored by Heaven, may perform it." 42 X " It is very difficult, indeed almost impossible to maintain liberty in a republic that has become corrupt or to establish it there anew." 46 XI " Poverty never was allowed to stand in the way of the achievement of any rank or honor and virtue and merit were sought for under whatever roof they dwelt; it was this system that made riches naturally less desirable." 52 XII " In well-regulated republics the state ought to be rich and the citizens poor." 56 XIII " Prolonged commands brought Rome to servitude." 63 XIV " I love my country more than my soul." 67 XV " For where the very safety of the country depends upon the resolution to be taken, no considerations of justice or injustice, humanity or cruelty, nor of glory or of shame, should be allowed to prevail. But putting all other considerations aside, the only question should be, 'what course will save the life and liberty of the country?'" 73 XVI " The authority of the dictatorship has always proved beneficial to Rome, and never injurious; it is the authority which men usurp, and not that which is given them by the free suffrages of their fellow-citizens, that is dangerous to civil liberty." 80 XVII " I say that I have never practiced war as my profession, because my profession is to govern my subjects and to defend them, and, in order to be able to defend them, to love peace and to know how to make war." 85 XVIII " An excellent general is usually an orator because, unless he knows how to speak to the whole army, he will have difficulty in doing anything good." 89 XIX " A prince becomes esteemed when he shows himself either a true friend or a real enemy." 97 XX " To insure a long existence to religious sects or republics, it is necessary frequently to bring them back to their original principles." 101 Notes 107 Sources of the Quotations 115 Note on the Texts 117

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Book Synopsis"This is a book about contemporary European politics and the demographics of Muslim political candidacies."--Provided by publisher.Trade Review"Winner of the Luebbert Best Book Award, Comparative Politics Section of the American Political Science Association""Winner of the 2018 Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research, International Science Council""With a sophisticated analysis of thousands of elections in Austria, Belgium, Germany, and the United Kingdom, [Rafaela Dancygier] shows that European political parties have been ruthlessly pragmatic in attracting Muslim votes."---Andrew Moravcsik, Foreign Affairs"Rafaela Dancygier’s Dilemmas of Inclusion asks political scientists to take the idea of vote-maximizing parties seriously once again. . . . Dancygier provides extensive and convincing evidence for the idea that electoral incentives are the best explanation for cross-national and within-country variation in parties’ inclusion of Muslim minorities, both in who they nominate and how they promote their candidates."---Colin Brown, EuropeNow"This book is a most welcome addition to the social science literature on contemporary European politics specifically, and minority political representation in electoral politics generally. In terms of political responsibility, it aptly shiftsthe blame away from European Muslims."---Fatma Muge Gocek, Social Forces

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Book Synopsis"This is a book about contemporary European politics and the demographics of Muslim political candidacies."--Provided by publisher.Trade Review"Winner of the Luebbert Best Book Award, Comparative Politics Section of the American Political Science Association""Winner of the 2018 Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research, International Science Council""With a sophisticated analysis of thousands of elections in Austria, Belgium, Germany, and the United Kingdom, [Rafaela Dancygier] shows that European political parties have been ruthlessly pragmatic in attracting Muslim votes."---Andrew Moravcsik, Foreign Affairs"This book is a most welcome addition to the social science literature on contemporary European politics specifically, and minority political representationin electoral politics generally. In terms of political responsibility, it aptly shifts the blame away from European Muslims."---Fatma Muge Gocek, Social Forces

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Book SynopsisIn an exploration of mass voter alignments in Great Britain, Kenneth D. Wald illuminates the electoral consequences of major social divisions and the relationship between social structure and partisanship. He establishes that the transition from religion to social class as the chief influence on British voting occurred after World War I, as most scTable of Contents*FrontMatter, pg. i*Contents, pg. vii*Tables, pg. ix*Preface, pg. xiii*Chapter 1. The Context of the Study, pg. 1*Chapter 2. Class Politics without Class Parties?, pg. 19*Chapter 3. Crosses on the Ballot ?, pg. 53*Chapter 4. The Methods of Analysis, pg. 73*Chapter 5. Voting and Social Structure: Conceptual Problems, pg. 95*Chapter 6. Voting and Social Structure: Empirical Analysis, pg. 122*Chapter 7. Religious Beliefs and Political Behavior, pg. 162*Chapter 8. Transformation of the Party System, pg. 202*Chapter 9. Conclusion, pg. 250*Select Bibliography, pg. 255*Index, pg. 261

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Book SynopsisChallenging the traditional belief that Hitler's supporters were largely from the lower middle class, Richard F. Hamilton analyzes Nazi electoral successes by turning to previously untapped sources--urban voting records. This examination of data from a series of elections in fourteen of the largest German cities shows that in most of them the voteTable of Contents*FrontMatter, pg. i*Contents, pg. vii*Maps and Tables, pg. ix*Abbreviations and Names, pg. xi*Acknowledgments, pg. xiii*Chapter One. The Problem: Who Voted for Hitler?, pg. 1*Chapter Two. A Review of The Literature, pg. 9*Chapter Three. A Reconsideration of Previous Evidence, pg. 37*Chapter Four. Berlin, pg. 64*Chapter Five. Hamburg, pg. 101*Chapter Six. Cologne and Munich: A Second Pattern, pg. 129*Chapter Seven. Cities of The Ruhr, pg. 156*Chapter Eight. Five Other Cities, pg. 199*Chapter Nine. The Summer Election: Travelers and Vacationers, pg. 220*Chapter Ten. The Parties of The Right and Center, pg. 229*Chapter Eleven. The Parties of The Left, pg. 266*Chapter Twelve. The National Socialists, pg. 309*Chapter Thirteen. The Character of The Political Struggle, pg. 361*Chapter Fourteen. The Weimar Catastrophe, pg. 420*Appendix A. The Reichstag Elections: 1919-1933, pg. 475*Appendix B. Germany's Largest Cities, pg. 485*Appendix C. Occupational Structures of The Cities Studied in Chapters 4-8, pg. 486*Notes, pg. 487*Name Index, pg. 651*Subject Index, pg. 658

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Book SynopsisM. N. Roy, the founder of the Communist Party of India, has been described by Robert C. North as ranking "with Lenin and Mao Tse-tung." This book, focusing on the career of Roy, traces the development of communism and nationalism in India from 1920 to 1939. Originally published in 1971. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demandTable of Contents*Frontmatter, pg. i*Table of Contents, pg. vii*List of Illustrations, pg. xi*Acknowledgments, pg. xiii*Abbreviations, pg. 1*Introduction, pg. 3*1. The Second Comintern Congress, pg. 11*2. The Dawn of Indian Communism, pg. 20*3. The CPI and the Workers' and Peasants' Party, pg. 37*4. The China Episode, pg. 58*5. The Radicalization of Indian Politics, pg. 80*6. The Sixth Comintern Congress, pg. 108*7. The Decline of Indian Communism, pg. 144*8. The Foundations of Royism in India, pg. 164*9. Left-Wing Unity and the Indian Nationalist Movement, pg. 215*10. Nationalism and Socialism, pg. 240*11. Twentieth-Century Jacobinism, pg. 259*Notes, pg. 301*Index, pg. 379

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Book SynopsisDo Presidential running mates actually matter? In the first book to put this question to a rigorous test, Christopher Devine and Kyle Kopko draw upon an unprecedented range of empirical data to reveal how, and how much, running mates influence voting in presidential elections.Trade ReviewRichard Nixon once famously claimed that vice presidential candidates cannot help presidential candidates, they can only hurt. In Do Running Mates Matter? Professors Devine and Kopko exhaustively test this and numerous other claims regarding the importance of vice presidential candidates in the electoral process. While others have worked at various aspects of this question over the past few decades, this work is a data-driven yet highly accessible scholarly tour de force. A must-read for students of the presidency and presidential elections."—Jody Baumgartner, coauthor of The American Vice Presidency: From the Shadow to the Spotlight "Running mates matter, but in unexpected ways. Devine and Kopko provide the most comprehensive, multimethod examination of running mates to date. They convincingly demonstrate that the largest impact is from an evaluation of presidential candidates’ decision-making process in the selection of vice presidential candidates."—Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Vernal Riffe Professor of Political Science, Ohio State University

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Book SynopsisAnswering a riddle in Japanese politics: Why do Japanese women turn out to vote at rates higher than men?Trade ReviewEquipped with... powerful tools, this study sheds light on how political activism quietly developed through grassroots 'women-centric networks,' which have not necessarily been well examined in political science... the author’s effort was devoted to capturing a good snapshot of local activism among women that is changing Japanese politics, which I believe was successful. -- Takeshi Iida * Japanese Journal of Political Science *There is much that I admire about this book: Martin's decision to make humble, ordinary women the point of departure for trying to figure out where a democratic resurgence is coming from in Japan; her ability to use a variety of sources, ranging from election survey data, interviews with government officials, and close knowledge of work done on grass-roots political organizing and women’s groups to her focus group discussions; her interest in trying to figure out how group interactions change people from being passive subjects to agents ready to participate in politics.... She uses unconventional approaches and makes feminist arguments for how group interaction helps ordinary Japanese women become active and independent citizens, and in doing so she helps us understand where electoral change in Japan is coming from. -- Patricia Boling * Journal of Japanese Studies *By regendering our view of the average Japanese voter, Martin has taken an arresting and thought-provoking perspective. The analysis of focus group discussions and of local efforts to change politics is revealing of how local democracy works, and anyone wanting a close look into the minds and actions of civically engaged women in Japan should definitely read this book. -- Deborah J. Milly * Monumenta Nipponica *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Why Don't They Stay Home? 1. The Political Distance between Citizens and Elites 2. New Styles of Political Leadership and Community Mobilization 3. National Attitudes and Local Action: Changing the Center from the Periphery 4. Politically Excluded "Commoners": A Gendered Pathway to Participation 5. Gender and "Communities of Practice": Escaping the Regulatory Boundaries of Formal Education Conclusion: Engendering Knowledge and Political ActionReferences Index

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Book SynopsisIn When Victory Is Not an Option, Nathan J. Brown focuses on Islamist movements in Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and Palestine, showing that uncertain benefits lead to uncertain changes.Trade ReviewBrown examines the organization, operation, and impact of Islamist movements in semi-authoritarian states, or systems in which opposition parties are permitted to participate but not win, arguing that while these movements become 'politicized' (i.e., they are participants in politics and elections), they are so in a limited way.... He provides an excellent framework for understanding the recent political dynamics of the Arab world. * Choice *Brown's book... captures the main dynamics of Arab politics today, and it serves as a guideline to predict the future of Arab Islamists. This theoretically deep, empirically rich, and politically insightful book is a must-read for students of Middle East politics. -- Ahmet T. Kuru * Political Science Quarterly *His metaphor of 'Islamist' survival, that they survive 'as a cat-and-mouse game so long as the cat allows the mouse to live and the mouse remains a mouse' (p. 240) is prophetic as well as salient. The value of Brown's approach is that he compares and contrasts movements across the Middle East and not just on one organization or country. -- Daniel Martin Varisco * Contemporary Islam *This is an important book not only for its rich empirical exploration of the Muslim Brotherhood in four settings (Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and the Palestinian territories) but also for its insights into semiauthoritarian regimes, which allow opposition groups just enough room to organize and compete but not enough to win elections or form governments. Relying on extensive contacts with Brotherhood leaders, Brown explains how they saw advantages—such as gaining the right to legal assembly and being allowed to propagate their views and deliver basic services to the needy—to playing a game they were destined to lose. -- John Waterbury * Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsPreface1. Partially Political Movements in Semiauthoritarian Systems 2. Running to Lose? Elections, Authoritarianism, and Islamist Movements 3. Beyond Analogy Mongering: Ideological Movements and the Debate over the Primacy of Politics 4. The Model and the Mother Movement 5. The Model in Practice in Four Semiauthoritarian Settings 6. Can Islamists Party? Political Participation and Organizational Change 7. Ideological Change: Flirtation and Commitment 8. Arab Politics and Societies as They Might Be 9. Islamist Parties and Arab Political Systems as They AreBibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn When Victory Is Not an Option, Nathan J. Brown focuses on Islamist movements in Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and Palestine, showing that uncertain benefits lead to uncertain changes.Trade ReviewBrown examines the organization, operation, and impact of Islamist movements in semi-authoritarian states, or systems in which opposition parties are permitted to participate but not win, arguing that while these movements become 'politicized' (i.e., they are participants in politics and elections), they are so in a limited way.... He provides an excellent framework for understanding the recent political dynamics of the Arab world. * Choice *Brown's book... captures the main dynamics of Arab politics today, and it serves as a guideline to predict the future of Arab Islamists. This theoretically deep, empirically rich, and politically insightful book is a must-read for students of Middle East politics. -- Ahmet T. Kuru * Political Science Quarterly *His metaphor of 'Islamist' survival, that they survive 'as a cat-and-mouse game so long as the cat allows the mouse to live and the mouse remains a mouse' (p. 240) is prophetic as well as salient. The value of Brown's approach is that he compares and contrasts movements across the Middle East and not just on one organization or country. -- Daniel Martin Varisco * Contemporary Islam *This is an important book not only for its rich empirical exploration of the Muslim Brotherhood in four settings (Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, and the Palestinian territories) but also for its insights into semiauthoritarian regimes, which allow opposition groups just enough room to organize and compete but not enough to win elections or form governments. Relying on extensive contacts with Brotherhood leaders, Brown explains how they saw advantages—such as gaining the right to legal assembly and being allowed to propagate their views and deliver basic services to the needy—to playing a game they were destined to lose. -- John Waterbury * Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsPreface1. Partially Political Movements in Semiauthoritarian Systems 2. Running to Lose? Elections, Authoritarianism, and Islamist Movements 3. Beyond Analogy Mongering: Ideological Movements and the Debate over the Primacy of Politics 4. The Model and the Mother Movement 5. The Model in Practice in Four Semiauthoritarian Settings 6. Can Islamists Party? Political Participation and Organizational Change 7. Ideological Change: Flirtation and Commitment 8. Arab Politics and Societies as They Might Be 9. Islamist Parties and Arab Political Systems as They AreBibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFrederic C. Schaffer challenges the assumption often made by American scholars that democracy has been achieved in foreign countries when criteria such as free elections are met. Elections, he argues, often have cultural underpinnings that are...Trade ReviewIn this elegant and lucid study, Frederic C Schaffer asks what democracy means to people in Senegal.... Schaffer succeeds in saying, to people who make blanket assertions about the democratic character and salutary benefits of elections, that democracy, when translated, is not necessarily what they think it is. That is his aim and achievement and arguably a quite valuable one. -- Jeffrey W. Rubin * American Journal of Sociology *Schaffer's intensive interviews and linguistic analysis demonstrate that good fieldwork, coupled with careful analysis, still has much to contribute to the field of comparative politics.... If the author is correct and local interpretations of broad ideal and discourses of democracy are central to understanding and explaining the outcomes of political liberalization in Senegal, then this book is among the best written on this topic.... It should be required reading for anyone interested in the prospects for political change not just in Senegal but in Africa as a whole. -- William Reno * Comparative Political Studies *This book is intended, in short, to enrich both the study of Senegal and democratic practices and the practice of cross-cultural inquiry more generally. Schaffer concludes his study with an excellent bibliography. * Choice *Schaffer's small jewel of a book... contains a detailed description of his methodology for linguistic analysis of oral interviews, of political texts in documentary form and in the media, and of interviews with educated multilingual Senegalese. Intended for a relatively expert audience, the book is accessible to advanced undergraduates as well. -- Margaret E. Scranton * Perspectives on Political Science *This well-crafted and deeply researched study is one of the two or three most important studies of democratization in Africa yet to appear in the 1990's. -- John Clark * International Journal of African Historical Studies *A probing and highly original study.... A significant contribution to the literature on transitions to democracy. * Foreign Affairs *

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Book SynopsisAttacking Judges provides rigorous evidence that televised advertising, including harsh attacks, do not have the harsh consequences initially predicted or widely feared on justices seeking reelection or state electorates in supreme court elections.Trade Review"Attacking Judges is unquestionably a major contribution to the literature on state courts and campaign advertising. Melinda Gann Hall expertly connects research on judicial elections to social scientists' broader concerns about how campaigning affects citizens and the electoral process in general. This impressive book is among the first to give judicial elections the serious scholarly attention they deserve. It's a must read!"—James L. Gibson, Washington University in St. Louis"Attacking Judges is a first-rate book with important implications for the ongoing debate over judicial selection and retention. Hall's timely study of this controversial issue is a superb example of how quantitative analysis can inform both academic and political debates."—Herbert M. Kritzer, University of Minnesota Law School

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Book SynopsisAttacking Judges provides rigorous evidence that televised advertising, including harsh attacks, do not have the harsh consequences initially predicted or widely feared on justices seeking reelection or state electorates in supreme court elections.Trade Review"Attacking Judges is unquestionably a major contribution to the literature on state courts and campaign advertising. Melinda Gann Hall expertly connects research on judicial elections to social scientists' broader concerns about how campaigning affects citizens and the electoral process in general. This impressive book is among the first to give judicial elections the serious scholarly attention they deserve. It's a must read!"—James L. Gibson, Washington University in St. Louis"Attacking Judges is a first-rate book with important implications for the ongoing debate over judicial selection and retention. Hall's timely study of this controversial issue is a superb example of how quantitative analysis can inform both academic and political debates."—Herbert M. Kritzer, University of Minnesota Law School

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Book SynopsisThis ringside seat to a historic presidential election allows readers to eavesdrop on the first discussion between the consultants who managed the campaigns of John McCain and Barack Obama.Table of ContentsIntroduction The National Annenberg Election Survey 1. The Vice Presidential Campaign 2. Campaign Management and Field Operations 3. Campaign Organization and Strategy 4. The Role of Polling 5. Advertising 6. The Campaign and the Press 7. Political Party Panel 8. Democratic/Liberal Panel 9. Republican/Conservative Panel Index

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Book SynopsisHow campaign ads persuade votersTrade Review"The Persuasive Power of Campaign Advertising combines academic knowledge and the wisdom of experience in election campaigns. It is an important contribution to the fields of political communication and campaigns. I recommend this insightful analysis to political professionals, working journalists, communications specialists, as well as students of campaigning and lobbying. It is an excellent book for university students studying campaigns, political communication, and public relations." -James A. Thurber, Distinguished Professor and Director, Center for Congressional and Presidential Studies at American UniversityTable of ContentsThe Persuasive Potential of Campaign Advertising Table of Contents 1. The Role of Campaign Advertising 2. The Problem of Persuasion 3. A Brief Primer on Data and Research Design 4. How Race Context Matters 5. How Ad Negativity and Emotional Appeals Matter 6. How Receiver Characteristics Matter 7 - How Ad Coverage in News Matters 8. The Future Study of Ad Effects Appendix A -- Variable Coding Appendix B -- Full Model Results from 4 Appendix C -- Additional Model Results from 5 References

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Book SynopsisDevoted to exploring elections as the central act in a democracy, Duty and Choice: The Evolution of the Study of Voting and Voters is animated by a set of three overarching questions: Why do some citizens vote while others do not? How do voters decide to cast their ballots for one candidate and not another? How does the context in which citizens live influence the choices they make? Organized into three sections focused on turnout, vote choice, and electoral systems, the volume seeks to provide novel insights into the most pressing questions for scholars of vote choice and voting behaviour. In addition to featuring several prominent Canadian scholars, the collection includes chapters by leading scholars from the United States and Europe.Table of ContentsList of Tables List of Figures Foreword 1 Duty and Choice: The Evolution of the Study of Voting and Voters Peter John Loewen, Daniel Rubenson, and Maxime Héroux-Legault Part I: Voter Turnout 2 Altruism, Participation, and Political Context Cindy D. Kam, Skyler J. Cranmer, and James H. Fowler 3 Behavioural Anomalies Explain Variation in Voter Turnout Christopher Dawes, Peter John Loewen, and Gabriel Arsenault 4 Civic Duty and Social Pressure as Causes of Voter Turnout Donald P. Green 5 The Preferences of Voters and Non-Voters in Canada (1988−2008) Jean-François Godbout and Mathieu Turgeon Part II: Vote Choice 6 The Economy and Federal Election Outcomes in Canada: Taking Provincial Economic Conditions into Account Richard Nadeau, Éric Bélanger, and Bruno Jérôme 7 Who Responds to Election Campaigns? The Two-Moderator Model Revisited Patrick Fournier, Fred Cutler, and Stuart Soroka 8 Bureaucrats, Policy Attitudes, and Political Behaviour: A Reappraisal James C. Garand and Ping Xu Part III: Electoral Systems 9 How Electoral Systems Shape What Voters Think about Democracy Christopher J. Anderson 10 Party Strategies, Institutions, and Electoral System Effects Romain Lachat 11 When Do Voters Act Strategically? Institutional and Individual Variation in the Incidence of Strategic Voting in Democracies John Aldrich and Laura B. Stephenson 12 The Future of Election Studies and the Study of Elections Peter John Loewen, Daniel Rubenson, and André Blais Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisOrganized into three sections focused on turnout, vote choice, and electoral systems, the volume seeks to provide novel insights into the most pressing questions for scholars of vote choice and voting behavior.Table of ContentsList of Tables List of Figures Foreword 1 Duty and Choice: The Evolution of the Study of Voting and Voters Peter John Loewen, Daniel Rubenson, and Maxime Héroux-Legault Part I: Voter Turnout 2 Altruism, Participation, and Political Context Cindy D. Kam, Skyler J. Cranmer, and James H. Fowler 3 Behavioural Anomalies Explain Variation in Voter Turnout Christopher Dawes, Peter John Loewen, and Gabriel Arsenault 4 Civic Duty and Social Pressure as Causes of Voter Turnout Donald P. Green 5 The Preferences of Voters and Non-Voters in Canada (1988−2008) Jean-François Godbout and Mathieu Turgeon Part II: Vote Choice 6 The Economy and Federal Election Outcomes in Canada: Taking Provincial Economic Conditions into Account Richard Nadeau, Éric Bélanger, and Bruno Jérôme 7 Who Responds to Election Campaigns? The Two-Moderator Model Revisited Patrick Fournier, Fred Cutler, and Stuart Soroka 8 Bureaucrats, Policy Attitudes, and Political Behaviour: A Reappraisal James C. Garand and Ping Xu Part III: Electoral Systems 9 How Electoral Systems Shape What Voters Think about Democracy Christopher J. Anderson 10 Party Strategies, Institutions, and Electoral System Effects Romain Lachat 11 When Do Voters Act Strategically? Institutional and Individual Variation in the Incidence of Strategic Voting in Democracies John Aldrich and Laura B. Stephenson 12 The Future of Election Studies and the Study of Elections Peter John Loewen, Daniel Rubenson, and André Blais Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisMotifs or recurring elements in Canadian party politics speak to dominant ideas of the era. Partisan Odysseys looks at how political parties have adjusted, adapted, and sometimes reinvented themselves in response to these cultural cues.Trade Review"Partisan Odysseys is well-written, engaging, and an important body of work that offers a condensed look at the history of Canada’s political parties. Partisan Odysseys ‘falls between the cracks of history and political science. It reflects a wide reading of materials and may be read as a history of the parties through the lens of Canadian history or as a history of Canada through the lens of the history of the parties.’" -- Kate Malloy * The Hill Times *“Partisan Odysseys is a timely celebration of Canadian-style democracy in an era of minority parliaments and the guillotine of surprise elections. It’s a first-rate observance of a hundred years of hell-raising. It makes you proud to be Canadian.” -- Holly Doan * Blacklock’s Reporter *"Partisan Odysseys: Canada’s Political Parties, by the well-known and respected political scientist Nelson Wiseman, summarizes the emergence, successes, failures, and fates of almost two dozen political parties from the early nineteenth century to today. Among the book’s many pleasures are numerous conclusions about national governance that are not generally accepted or well known. Those who know or know of Nelson Wiseman will not be disappointed by this work." -- Ron Hikel * Literary Review of Canada *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Four Party Types: Nineteenth-Century Party Politics 2. Imperialism, Continentalism, Nationalism 3. Industrialization, Urbanization, and Depression: The Rise of Third Parties 4. Parties of Warfare and Welfare 5. Minority Governments: The Diefenbaker-Pearson Years 6. Economy, Language, Unity 7. Trading Places 8. Division and Reconfiguration 9. Conservatism: Old and New Conclusion: The Ever-Changing Party

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Book SynopsisOpen Federalism Revisited provides a systematic, encompassing assessment of Canadian federalism in the Harper era, offering a fresh perspective in federalism scholarship.Table of ContentsList of Tables List of Figures List of Appendices 1. Introduction: Stephen Harper’s Legacy for the Dynamics of Canadian Federalism and Regionalism James Farney and Julie M. Simmons Part I: Dynamics of Regional Differences In the Harper Era 2. When the West was In? Public Opinion in the Western Provinces during the Harper Era Loleen Berdahl and Tracey Raney 3. Ontario’s New Identity? Assessing Ontario’s Political Culture and Place in Confederation under “Open Federalism” Cheryl Collier 4. The decline of the Bloc Québécois and Stephen Harper’s Open Federalism Maxime Héroux-Legault 5. From Prairie firewalls to Atlantic seawalls: Atlantic Canada in the Harper Era Louise Carbert Part II: Institutional Changes during the Harper Era 6. Stephen Harper’s PMO Style: Partisan Managerialism Jonathan Craft and Anna Esselment 7. Political Parties and Regional Integration in the 21st Century: Are we Beyond Brokerage? James Farney 8. Stephen Harper’s “Open Federalism”: Kicking the Sand of Multilateral Intergovernmental Institutions Julie M. Simmons 9. Reform and Rulings at the Supreme Court of Canada: The Harper Conservatives and Federalism Erin Crandall Part III: Assessing Harper Era Policy Changes through Regional and Federal Lenses 10. Stephen Harper and Canada’s New Immigration Federalism Mirielle Paquet 11. Dismantling and Drifting: Environmental Policy in an Era of Open Federalism Adam M. Wellstead 12. EI and Regional Dynamics in Canada Peter Graefe 3. The Fragmented Politics of Energy Federalism Geoffrey Hale 14. The Continuities and Discontinuities of Disentanglement: Federal-Provincial Health Care Dynamics in the Harper Era Thomas McIntosh Part IV: Conclusion 15. Conclusion: Taking Stock of Regional and Federal Dynamics James Farney and Julie M. Simmons List of Contributors

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Book SynopsisRegional dynamics and federalism lie at the heart of Canadian politics. In Open Federalism Revisited, James Farney, Julie M. Simmons, and a diverse group of contributors examine the legacy of Prime Minister Stephen Harper in areas of public policy, political institutions, and cultural and economic development. This volume examines how these areas significantly affected the balance between shared rule and self-rule in Canada’s federation and how broader changes in the balance between the country’s regions affected institutional arrangements. Open Federalism Revisited engages with four questions: 1) Did the Harper government succeed in changing Canadian federalism in the way his initial promise of open federalism suggests he wanted to? 2) How big was the difference between the change Harper’s government envisioned and what it actually achieved? 3) Was the Harper government’s approach substantially different from that of previous governmTable of ContentsList of Tables List of Figures List of Appendices 1. Introduction: Stephen Harper’s Legacy for the Dynamics of Canadian Federalism and Regionalism James Farney and Julie M. Simmons Part I: Dynamics of Regional Differences In the Harper Era 2. When the West was In? Public Opinion in the Western Provinces during the Harper Era Loleen Berdahl and Tracey Raney 3. Ontario’s New Identity? Assessing Ontario’s Political Culture and Place in Confederation under “Open Federalism” Cheryl Collier 4. The decline of the Bloc Québécois and Stephen Harper’s Open Federalism Maxime Héroux-Legault 5. From Prairie firewalls to Atlantic seawalls: Atlantic Canada in the Harper Era Louise Carbert Part II: Institutional Changes during the Harper Era 6. Stephen Harper’s PMO Style: Partisan Managerialism Jonathan Craft and Anna Esselment 7. Political Parties and Regional Integration in the 21st Century: Are we Beyond Brokerage? James Farney 8. Stephen Harper’s “Open Federalism”: Kicking the Sand of Multilateral Intergovernmental Institutions Julie M. Simmons 9. Reform and Rulings at the Supreme Court of Canada: The Harper Conservatives and Federalism Erin Crandall Part III: Assessing Harper Era Policy Changes through Regional and Federal Lenses 10. Stephen Harper and Canada’s New Immigration Federalism Mirielle Paquet 11. Dismantling and Drifting: Environmental Policy in an Era of Open Federalism Adam M. Wellstead 12. EI and Regional Dynamics in Canada Peter Graefe 3. The Fragmented Politics of Energy Federalism Geoffrey Hale 14. The Continuities and Discontinuities of Disentanglement: Federal-Provincial Health Care Dynamics in the Harper Era Thomas McIntosh Part IV: Conclusion 15. Conclusion: Taking Stock of Regional and Federal Dynamics James Farney and Julie M. Simmons List of Contributors

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a thorough account of the attitudes and behaviour of electors towards the 2014 Toronto Mayoral Election.Table of ContentsList of Figures List of Tables 1. The Study of Local Elections 2. The Contenders 3. In the Thick of Things: The 2014 Campaign 4. Policy versus Personality: Correct Voting and the Outcome of the 2014 Toronto Mayoral Election 5. Understanding Ford Nation 6. A New Mayor, a New Dawn for Toronto? 7. Portrait of a Municipal Voter Epilogue Appendix I: Survey Questions Notes References

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Book SynopsisElecting a Mega-Mayor represents the first-ever comprehensive, survey-based examination of a Canadian mayoral race and provides a unique, detailed account of the 2014 mayoral election in Toronto. After making the case that local elections deserve more attention from scholars of political behaviour, this book offers readers an understanding of Toronto politics at the time of the 2014 election and presents relevant background on the major candidates. It considers the importance that Torontonians attached to policy concerns and identifies the bases of support for the outgoing, scandal-ridden mayor, Rob Ford, and his brother Doug. In the penultimate chapter, the authors examine how Torontonians viewed their elected officials, and the city’s performance, two years after the election. McGregor, Moore, and Stephenson conclude with a reflection on what the analysis of the Toronto 2014 election says about voters in large cities in general and provide a short epilogue aTable of ContentsList of Figures List of Tables 1. The Study of Local Elections 2. The Contenders 3. In the Thick of Things: The 2014 Campaign 4. Policy versus Personality: Correct Voting and the Outcome of the 2014 Toronto Mayoral Election 5. Understanding Ford Nation 6. A New Mayor, a New Dawn for Toronto? 7. Portrait of a Municipal Voter Epilogue Appendix I: Survey Questions Notes References

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Book SynopsisIn this work, the authors employ a series of experiments to assess the strategies used to win elections and stay in power once elected.Table of ContentsList of Figures List of Tables List of Appendices Preface Acknowledgments 1. An Overview of Winning and Keeping Power in Canadian Politics Part One: Winning Power – Election Campaigns 2. Going Negative in Canadian Federal Elections 3. Political Scandals 4. Candidate Endorsements 5. The Quality of Local Candidates Part Two: Keeping Power – Public Opinion and Incumbency 6. Parliamentary Configurations and Assigning Political Responsibility 7. Election Timing 8. The Supreme Court of Canada, Parliament, and the Role of Experts 9. Framing Public Budgeting 10. Political Apologies 11. Reflections, Recommendations, and Future Research

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Book SynopsisMotifs or recurring elements in Canadian party politics speak to dominant ideas of the era. Partisan Odysseys looks at how political parties have adjusted, adapted, and sometimes reinvented themselves in response to these cultural cues.Trade Review"Partisan Odysseys is well-written, engaging, and an important body of work that offers a condensed look at the history of Canada’s political parties. Partisan Odysseys ‘falls between the cracks of history and political science. It reflects a wide reading of materials and may be read as a history of the parties through the lens of Canadian history or as a history of Canada through the lens of the history of the parties.’" -- Kate Malloy * The Hill Times *“Partisan Odysseys is a timely celebration of Canadian-style democracy in an era of minority parliaments and the guillotine of surprise elections. It’s a first-rate observance of a hundred years of hell-raising. It makes you proud to be Canadian.” -- Holly Doan * Blacklock’s Reporter *"Partisan Odysseys: Canada’s Political Parties, by the well-known and respected political scientist Nelson Wiseman, summarizes the emergence, successes, failures, and fates of almost two dozen political parties from the early nineteenth century to today. Among the book’s many pleasures are numerous conclusions about national governance that are not generally accepted or well known. Those who know or know of Nelson Wiseman will not be disappointed by this work." -- Ron Hikel * Literary Review of Canada *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Four Party Types: Nineteenth-Century Party Politics 2. Imperialism, Continentalism, Nationalism 3. Industrialization, Urbanization, and Depression: The Rise of Third Parties 4. Parties of Warfare and Welfare 5. Minority Governments: The Diefenbaker-Pearson Years 6. Economy, Language, Unity 7. Trading Places 8. Division and Reconfiguration 9. Conservatism: Old and New Conclusion: The Ever-Changing Party

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Book SynopsisLocal elections are an increasingly popular area of research among scholars of Canadian political behaviour, offering invaluable insights into the attitudes and motivations of Canadian electors. The Canadian Municipal Election Study (CMES) has collected unparalleled individual-level survey data in eight major Canadian municipal elections: Vancouver, Calgary, Winnipeg, London, Mississauga, Toronto, Montreal, and Quebec City. These elections, which took place in 2017 and 2018, were high-profile, contentious, and often surprising, featuring mayoral defeats, record-breaking turnouts, provincial-municipal tensions, and the first ranked-ballot election in Canada in decades. Combining unprecedented individual-level survey data from the CMES with local expertise from political scientists across Canada, Big City Elections in Canada provides a data-driven overview of each election, while also highlighting the more general lessons the elections teach us about municipal politics and votiTable of Contents1. Local Elections in Canada Jack Lucas and R. Michael McGregor 2. Calgary: October 16, 2017 Jack Lucas and John Santos 3. Montreal: November 5, 2017 Éric Bélanger and Jean-François Daoust 4. Quebec City: November 5, 2017 Jérôme Couture and Sandra Breux 5. Vancouver: October 20, 2018 Eline A. de Rooij, J. Scott Matthews, and Mark Pickup 6. London: October 22, 2018 Cameron D. Anderson and Laura B. Stephenson 7. Mississauga: October 22, 2018 Erin Tolley and Erica Rayment 8. Toronto: October 22, 2018 R. Michael McGregor and Scott Pruysers 9. Winnipeg: October 24, 2018 Aaron Moore 10. Conclusion Jack Lucas and R. Michael McGregor Appendices

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Book SynopsisThis collection offers an in-depth look at municipal voting behaviour during local elections in eight of Canada's largest cities.Table of Contents1. Local Elections in Canada Jack Lucas and R. Michael McGregor 2. Calgary: October 16, 2017 Jack Lucas and John Santos 3. Montreal: November 5, 2017 Éric Bélanger and Jean-François Daoust 4. Quebec City: November 5, 2017 Jérôme Couture and Sandra Breux 5. Vancouver: October 20, 2018 Eline A. de Rooij, J. Scott Matthews, and Mark Pickup 6. London: October 22, 2018 Cameron D. Anderson and Laura B. Stephenson 7. Mississauga: October 22, 2018 Erin Tolley and Erica Rayment 8. Toronto: October 22, 2018 R. Michael McGregor and Scott Pruysers 9. Winnipeg: October 24, 2018 Aaron Moore 10. Conclusion Jack Lucas and R. Michael McGregor Appendices

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Book SynopsisThis book sheds light on minority government in Canada through a timely exploration of the country's history and its current political landscape.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments to the Second Edition 1. Introduction 2. Alternatives 3. Canada’s Fifteen Federal Minority Governments 4. Minority Governments and Hung Parliaments in the Provinces and Territories 5. Minority Governments Aplenty – Elsewhere 6. Prime Ministerial versus Parliamentary Government 7. Stabilizing Minority Government 8. Sustaining and Advancing Parliamentary Democracy Notes Index About the Author

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Book SynopsisThe cumulative usefulness of election studies has been proved by those sponsored by Nuffield College in Oxford; five volumes describe and analyse the last five British elections. The appearance of the first of a similar series dealing with Canadian elections is to be welcomed, particularly since this election was a critical one in the fortunes of the two major Canadian parties. The book provides an account of conditions in Canada in 1957 as a background for its discussion of election issues and party organizations. It deals with the emergence of Mr. Difenbaker as the Conservative leader just before the election and with the impact of his leadership on the Conservative party. The election strategy of the various parties, the work of their national headquarters, campaigning in the constituencies, and the activities and style of the leaders are described and assessed. The origins of the party programmes and their substance are examined and compared, as are also the characteristics

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Book SynopsisBased on four years of research in the French-Canadian press of the 1840s and the private papers of the main French-Canadian politicians, British officials, and Roman Catholic religious leaders, this book describes in rich and lively detail the conflict of French Canada's priests and politicians around the central issue of their people's relation to the British Crown during that period. Confederation in 1867, modern Canada, and the current tempest in French Canada cannot adequately be understood without constant reference to these men of the 1840s and the political and religious ideologies they represented. Indeed, it was in their enmities, in their friendships and loyalties that were laid the strongbi-national foundations of what Etienne Parent foresaw as 'une grande nationalité canadienne assez forte pour se protéger elle-même et vivre de sa propre vie.'

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Book SynopsisAbsent Mandate develops the crucial concept of policy mandates, distinguished from other interpretations of election outcomes, and addresses the disconnect between election issues and government actions. Emphasizing Canadian federal elections between 1993 and 2015, the book examines the Chretien/Martin, Harper, and Trudeau governments and the campaigns that brought them to power. Using data from the Canadian Election Studies and other major surveys, Absent Mandate documents the longstanding volatility in Canadian voting behaviour. The failure of elections to provide genuine policy mandates stimulates public discontent with the political process and widens the gap between the promise and the performance of Canadian democracy. Table of ContentsList of Figures List of Tables Preface 1. The Strategic Configuration of Canadian Democracy 2. Partisanship: Persistently Flexible 3. A Politics of Discontent 4. On the Issues 5. Leading the Campaign 6. Performance Politics and Electoral Volatility 7. Policy, Performance ... Mandate? 8. Conclusion: Continuities amid Change Appendix A. Political Parties’ Percentages of the Vote, 1965–2015 Federal Elections Appendix B. Seats Won by Political Parties, 1965–2015 Federal Elections Appendix C. Vote in the 2015 Federal Election by Province/Territory and Socio-Demographic Characteristics Appendix D. Federal Party Identification by Region and Socio-Demographic Characteristics, 2015 Appendix E. Survey Data Sources References Index

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Book SynopsisDominated by discussions of broad national problems, media tactics gone amiss, and the personal lives of party leaders, Canadian election campaigns have led to substantial public discontent.Table of ContentsList of Figures List of Tables Preface 1. The Strategic Configuration of Canadian Democracy 2. Partisanship: Persistently Flexible 3. A Politics of Discontent 4. On the Issues 5. Leading the Campaign 6. Performance Politics and Electoral Volatility 7. Policy, Performance ... Mandate? 8. Conclusion: Continuities amid Change Appendix A. Political Parties’ Percentages of the Vote, 1965–2015 Federal Elections Appendix B. Seats Won by Political Parties, 1965–2015 Federal Elections Appendix C. Vote in the 2015 Federal Election by Province/Territory and Socio-Demographic Characteristics Appendix D. Federal Party Identification by Region and Socio-Demographic Characteristics, 2015 Appendix E. Survey Data Sources References Index

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Book SynopsisThe campaign of 1896 gave the public one of the most dramatic and interesting battles of political oratory in American history, even though, ironically, its issues faded quickly into insignificance after the election. In what is often thought of as a single-issue campaign, William Jennings Bryan delivered his famous ""Cross of Gold"" speech but lost the election. Meanwhile, William McKinley addressed a range of topics in more than three hundred speeches - without ever leaving his front porch. William D. Harpine traces the campaign month-by-month to show the development of Bryan's rhetoric and the stability of McKinley's. Beyond adding depth and detail to the scholarly understanding of the 1896 presidential campaign itself, this book casts light on the importance of historical perspective in understanding rhetorical efforts in politics.Trade Review... demolishes the images of McKinley as a vapid politician and Bryan as a rube. [Harpine's] study of the 1896 presidential campaign instead depicts two sophisticated and resourceful opponents who employ strategies of persuasion that are sometimes novel and at other times as old as those used by ancient Greek orators. - Philip Abbott, Wayne State University

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Book SynopsisQuest for the Presidency gathers in a single volume the compelling stories behind every presidential campaign in American history, from 1789 through 2020. Bob Riel takes us inside the 1800 clash between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, the 1860 election that launched the Civil War, the 1948 whistle-stop comeback of Harry Truman, the Kennedy-Nixon drama of 1960, the 1980 Reagan Revolution, the historic 2008 election of Barack Obama, the turbulent 2020 battle between Joe Biden and Donald Trump, and everything in between. This engaging and insightful book includes a trove of entertaining stories about campaigns and candidates, and it goes beyond the campaign tales to also consider the threads that link elections across time. It sheds light on the continually evolving story of American democracy in a way that helps us to better understand present-day politics.

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Book SynopsisThe Research Handbook on Visual Politics focuses on key theories and methodologies for better understanding visual political communication. It also concentrates on the depictions of power within politics, taking a historical and longitudinal approach to the topic of placing visuals within a wider framework of political understanding.The Handbook provides an introduction to the theoretical underpinning of the study of visual politics as well as an overview of the current thinking and research traditions in the field of visual politics. The impressive selection of contributors explore all types of media, including studies of the tools utilised for visual politics such as social media, art and photography, featuring the latest platforms such as TikTok and Instagram. The editors also include discussions of visual politics covering a range of nations and political systems while placing current practices in visual politics within their historical context.Offering a rich range of studies exploring differing practices within their contexts to highlight current studies and support the development of future research, this Research Handbook is designed for researchers and students interested in the broad field of politics and the subfields of political communication, persuasion, propaganda and rhetoric. Trade Review‘Lilleker and Veneti’s (2023) new work, the Research Handbook on Visual Politics is the next milestone in the research of visual political communication with its thirty chapters in five thematic areas. The edited volume offers both theoretically and methodologically valuable insights into the area of visual politics. The editors carefully built up the structure of the book to cover a wide variety of topics, actors, periods, mediums, and platforms in the chapters, and to provide a broad basis for visual political communication research.’ -- Xénia Farkas, The International Journal of Press/Politics‘The Research Handbook on Visual Politics will make us think hard about the terrain of visual political communication. A marvelous review of the study of visual politics, this book will arouse interest and expose the foundation for understanding images from days of portraiture to the current age of Instagram and TikTok.’ -- Shahira S. Fahmy, American University in Cairo and Associate Editor of the flagship Journal of Communication (JoC)‘Gathering scholars from a wide array of disciplines and backgrounds, Darren Lilleker and Anastasia Veneti’s new Research Handbook on Visual Politics offers timely insights by exploring how visuality plays a central role across numerous pressing political phenomena, from social movements to war and from election campaigns to pandemic policies.’ -- Roland Bleiker, author of Visual Global Politics, University of Queensland, Australia‘How were historical monarchs artistically portrayed to legitimate power? What are the benefits and challenges in using eye-tracking technology to study recipients’ perception of political visuals? How are journalistic war images used to support political perspectives and powers? These questions, and many more, are answered in this edited volume where scholars from different fields, with different theoretical and methodological perspectives shed light on how images are used in politics. Since we all live in a visual culture, this is a must read for anyone interested in contemporary political communication.’ -- Bengt Johansson, University of Gothenburg, SwedenTable of ContentsContents: Introduction to the Research Handbook on Visual Politics xvii Darren Lilleker and Anastasia Veneti PART I THEORIES AND METHODS 1 Visual rhetoric and the analysis of persuasive political communication 2 Chris Miles 2 Visualizing values: cultural dimensions in the visual framing of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in Brazil, Indonesia, and the U.S. 14 Lulu Rodriguez, Daniela V. Dimitrova, Muhammad Noor Fakhruzzaman and Vitoria Faccin-Herman 3 Eye-tracking methodology in research on visual politics 29 Franziska Marquart 4 Computational visual analysis in political communication 41 Yilang Peng and Yingdan Lu 5 Politics of (comics) representation: visualising embodied research and data 54 Alexandra P. Alberda and Anna Feigenbaum PART II DEPICTIONS OF POWER 6 Visual narratives and the legitimation of power: foreign monarchs versus national elites in nineteenth-century Greece 69 Christina Koulouri 7 Islamic State, strategic self-othering and the weaponisation of propaganda images 81 Jared Ahmad 8 Imaged communities: the visual construction, contestation and commercialisation of the nation 94 César Jiménez-Martínez 9 The visual representation of politicians 108 Dennis Steffan 10 The faces of leadership: picturing power in democratic countries and dictatorial regimes 122 Luciano Cheles 11 Artivism as transformative practice: the case of Non Una Di Meno 137 Lidia Salvatori PART III DEPICTIONS OF AUTHENTICITY 12 Me, myself and I: selfies as vehicles of personalised politics in the social media era 152 Maja Šimunjak 13 Social media, visuals, and politics: a look at politicians’ digital visual habitus on Instagram 166 Vincent Raynauld and Mireille Lalancette 14 Authenticity and anachronistic media forms: visual presentations of politicians in party-political broadcasting 180 Vincent Campbell 15 Leaders’ visual communication styles: between personalisation and populism 193 Roberta Bracciale and Antonio Martella 16 When visual communication fosters leaders’ exceptional and ordinary image: the Salvini case 214 Marco Mazzoni and Roberto Mincigrucci 17 Politainment as dance: visual storytelling on TikTok among Spanish political parties 227 Rocío Zamora-Medina 18 Judging a book by its cover: political impression management on Instagram: privatization and voter engagement 243 Stéphanie De Munter, Philippe De Vries and Christ’l De Landtsheer PART IV DEPICTIONS OF IDEAS AND IDEOLOGIES 19 Peripheral cues and the power of simple images 258 Darren Lilleker and Panos Koliastasis 20 Understanding the meanings of visuals: the motivations and values of Black Lives Matter and social justice art activists 267 Gabriel B. Tait 21 LGBTQ+ visual activism 283 Tessa Lewin and Olu Jenzen 22 Memes as vernacular politics 297 Viktor Chagas 23 Political engagement and satire: a change in the conversation 309 Mehnaaz Momen 24 ‘What’s Your Warrior?’ Selling service in the United States Army using social media, superheroes, and computer games 321 Brendan Maartens PART V DEPICTING REALITY 25 Indeterminacy, performativity and the ‘dialectics of the real’: the problem of knowledge in the analysis of visual politics 335 Matteo Stocchetti 26 The political work of war and conflict images 345 Katy Parry 27 The political symbolism of flags in revolutionary movements: the case of the 1821 Greek War of Independence 359 Anastasia Veneti and Stamatis Poulakidakos 28 Look into my lies: the strategic use of photography in UK Gov’s 2021 coronavirus campaign 371 Bernadine Jones and Ellie Macdonald 29 Photojournalists as NGO advocates: balancing between two realities 382 Jenni Mäenpää 30 Watching the watchers: sousveillance as a political response to surveillance society 396 Paul Reilly Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. This Research Agenda documents and establishes the thinking of leading scholars in the field of political marketing and related sub-fields, also encompassing additional social science disciplines that intersect at the crossroads of political marketing. Chapters address the complexity of how politicians and political parties leverage trust, credibility, and expertise across their policy positions, and how citizens formulate their attitudes and opinions. Contributors focus on the new challenges and opportunities for political parties and politicians around the globe when communicating about complex issues, such as science and technology. This Research Agenda will be an essential resource for political marketing researchers and practitioners looking to explore how marketing tactics may be used to shape, guide, and manage public opinion and policy discourse.Trade Review‘Expertly curated by Bruce and Todd Newman, this collection of articles by leading international scholars elegantly encapsulates the principles and practices of political marketing in the early twenty-first century. Particularly noteworthy is the topical focus on digital populism, political branding, and the role of scandal in electoral campaigns.’ -- Richard Tempest, University of Illinois, US‘Understanding contemporary politics is to understand marketing. Bruce and Todd Newman have edited a volume that can instruct modern princes on the virtue needed to gain and hold power. But democracy can prevail only if research in this arcana imperii is used also to educate and empower citizens as voters.’ -- Dejan Vercic, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia‘This fascinating book, with contributions from leading political marketing scholars worldwide, comes at a sadly propitiously time, as democracy is imploding amid the growth of ideologically extreme groups untethered to truth, ferociously marketing their political ideas. Co-editors Bruce Newman and Todd Newman, and their assemblage of assiduous scholars, have produced a book that addresses the multitude of issues facing contemporary political marketing, offering luminous insights on issues spanning digital populism, political disaffection, issues management, branding, ethical chasms, and the bête noire of political campaigning: propaganda. Students and researchers will come away with new perspectives from this stimulating book.’ -- Richard M. Perloff, Cleveland State University, US and author of The Dynamics of Political Communication (3rd. edition)Table of ContentsContents: 1 A triangle of influence: researching political power and social media in the wake of the 2020–21 U.S. succession crisis 1 Michael Cornfield 2 Political marketing from an ideological marketing perspective 21 Wojcieh Cwalina and Andrzej Falkowski 3 Stratified electioneering: the political marketing century 37 Dominic Wring 4 Issues management in science and technology: contestable matters of fact, value and policy, and areas for future research 53 Matt VanDyke and Nicole Lee 5 The management of political campaigns 69 Jody Baumgartner 6 The role of social media in political campaigns: a review and research agenda 85 Christine Williams 7 Political branding: a research agenda for political marketing 107 Christopher Pich 8 The continued relevance of mass media in campaigns: a critical review and research agenda 129 Daniel E. Bergan 9 Challenging political communication and marketing research: the measurement of implicit attitudes in the age of scandals 143 Roberto de Miguel Pascual and Rosa Berganza 10 The dark arts of political marketing: use of propaganda in political campaigns 159 Greg Simons Index

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Book SynopsisExplores the many issues surrounding by-elections in the period which saw the extension of the franchise, the introduction of the ballot, and the demise of most dual member constituencies. Between the 1832 Great Reform Act and the outbreak of World War One in 1914, over 2,600 by-elections took place in Britain. They were triggered by the death, retirement or resignation of sitting MPs or by the appointment of cabinet ministers and were a regular feature of Victorian and Edwardian politics. They furnished political parties and their leaders with a crucial tool for gauging and mobilising public opinion. Yet despite the prominence of by-election contests in the historical records of this period, scholars have paid relatively little attention to them. As this book shows, these elections deserve to be taken as seriously today as people took them at the time. They providedimportant linkages between local and national politics, between the four parts of the United Kingdom and Westminster, and between foreign and domestic affairs. They are vital to understanding the evolving electioneering machineries, the varying language of electoral contests, the traction that particular issues had with a growing and frequently volatile electorate, and the fluctuating fortunes of the political parties. This book, consisting of original work by leading political historians, provides the first synoptic study of this important subject. It will be required reading for historians and students of modern British political history, as well as specialists in electoralhistory and politics. T. G. Otte is Professor of Diplomatic History at the University of East Anglia. He is the author and/or editor of some thirteen books. Among the most recent is The Foreign Office Mind: The Making of British Foreign Policy, 1865-1914; Paul Readman is Senior Lecturer in Modern British History at King's College London. He is the author of Land and Nation in England: Patriotism, National Identity and the Politics of Land 1880-1914. Contributors: Luke Blaxill, Angus Hawkins, Geoffrey Hicks, Phillips Payson O'Brien, T.G. Otte, Ian Packer, Gordon Pentland, Paul Readman, Kathryn Rix, Matthew Roberts, Philip Salmon, Anthony TaylorTrade ReviewFills a significant gap in the study of British politics... Anyone reading this volume will be left with much to think about, arguments to agree and disagree with, and their understanding of Victorian and Edwardian politics enriched. * JOURNAL OF LIBERAL HISTORY *An important and impressive collection that will convince students and specialists of modern British history that they should invest Victorian and Edwardian by-elections with the same significance as did contemporaries. * PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY *A stimulating and rewarding book. * JOURNAL OF BRITISH STUDIES *A very important addition to the political history of the period [that] deserves to be intensively used by historians. * PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS *The first synoptic study of the subject, an important one for understanding of the movement and expression of political opinion in various parts of the country. * NORTHERN HISTORY *This new edited collection fills an important historiographical gap whilst also showcasing some of the newest and most innovative research in political and electoral history. [.]Making a strong and convincing claim for the significance of by-elections, it is an important addition and therefore comes highly recommended to academics and students alike. * REVIEWS IN HISTORY *Table of ContentsIntroduction - T. G. Otte and Paul Readman 'Plumping Contests': The Impact of By-elections on English Voting Behaviour, 1790-1868 - Philip Salmon Government Appointment By-elections: 1832-86 - Angus Hawkins 'We should have had 1,000': The By-elections of the 1874 Parliament - Geoffrey Hicks 'The Glamour of Independence': By-elections and Radicalism during the Liberal Meridian, 1869-83 - Antony Taylor 'The Swing of the Pendulum at Home': By-elections and Foreign Policy, 1865-1914 - T. G. Otte By-elections and the Modernisation of Party Organisation, 1867-1914 - Kathryn Rix 'A Terrific Outburst of Political Meteorology': By-elections and the Unionist Electoral Ascendancy in Late-Victorian England - Matthew Roberts Land Reform and By-elections, 1885-1914: Do By-elections Matter? - Ian Packer Edwardian By-elections - Paul Readman and Luke Blaxill Lloyd George, Limehouse and the Realignment of British Politics: The Bermondsey By-election of 1909 - Phillips Payson O'Brien By-elections and the Peculiarities of Scottish Politics, 1832-1900 - Gordon Pentland

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book presents a theory of tax defiance, integrating five years of research on people's hopes, fears and expectations of the tax system and the authority that administers it.Valerie Braithwaite makes a major contribution to regulatory theory by mapping the psychological processes of defiance. At the heart of the analysis is the concept of motivational posturing - signals sent to indicate how favourably an authority is viewed and readiness to defer to an authority's demands. The author explains how resistant defiance expresses disapproval of the way an authority operates and signals to government the need to improve performance to win back public confidence. Resistance weakens as the authority claws back its institutional integrity. Dismissive defiance, on the other hand, is challenging and undermining, and is not so responsive. The book argues for institutional reforms that are both mindful of grievance and of alternative authorities that challenge power. It illustrates that in delivering institutional reform, commitment to democratic principles and integrity of government will enable authorities to argue their case for community co-operation where appropriate. Finally, the book goes on to show that power sharing is likely to be a more apt remedy when dismissive defiance is entrenched. Safeguarding these deliberations in mature democracies are moral obligation and social capital, both of which are likely to erode when authorities show neither justice nor wisdom in handling defiance. This unique and innovative example of how psychology can be integrated into new institutional theory and public policy practice will prove an interesting read for scholars, students and researchers in the fields of regulatory studies, economics, public policy and public finance, politics and psychology.Trade Review'[Valerie] Braithwaite merges her considerable knowledge of a wide range of disciplines to produce an exemplar of interdisciplinary research. The use of the taxation system as the basis for analysis of how people manage their relationship with authority is effective and produces a much-needed addition to the behavioural literature. While the book is primarily about defiance in taxation, many instances of non-taxation related defiance are included, which provides excellent support and extension of the tax-based arguments. Braithwaite has produced an excellent example of a book that is grounded in the extant literature, while expanding our understanding of the importance of understanding the behaviours that drive defiance. The aim of the book is to "show how authorities can live symbiotically with defiance" and she achieves this superbly, illustrating how improved satisfaction with "the process" can minimise defiance.' -- Lisa Marriott, Pacific Accounting ReviewTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Defiance to Resist or Dismiss Institutional Constraint 2. Defiance and Responsive Regulatory Relationships 3. The Expression and Management of Motivational Postures 4. Measuring Motivational Postures and Defiance 5. Approaching Defiance through Threat and Coping 6. Approaching Defiance through Integrity and Trust 7. Approaching Defiance through Social Modelling 8. Integrative Models of Defiance 9. Reasoning with Defiance References Index

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