Political campaigning and advertising Books

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Book SynopsisFrom Pandemic to Insurrection: Voting in the 2020 US Presidential Election describes voting in the 2020 election, from the presidential nomination to new voting laws post-election. Election officials and voters navigated the challenging pandemic to hold the highest turnout election since 1900. President Donald Trump’s refusal to acknowledge the pandemic’s severity coupled with frequent vote fraud accusations affected how states provided safe voting, how voters cast ballots, how lawyers fought legal battles, and ultimately led to an unsuccessful insurrection.

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewIn this important book, Adam Harris develops a novel theory of how ethnic attributes shape attachments to identities with implications for political behavior. He rigorously scrutinizes his theory using a range of original experimental and observational approaches, which are ultimately compelling. In turn, Everyday Identity and Electoral Politics simultaneously contributes to scholarly literatures on comparative ethnic politics and to our understanding of racial politics in the important South African case. * Evan Lieberman, Total Professor of Political Science and Contemporary Africa, Massachusetts Institute of Technology *Harris deftly moves us beyond binaries of 'co-ethnic' and 'non-coethnic', developing a nuanced concept of ethnic distance, to understand political behavior in diverse societies. Through a rich, multi-method study around the 2014 South African elections, as well as evidence from the United States and Uganda, Harris's must-read book elevates literatures on ethnic politics to new theoretical and empirical heights. * Gwyneth McClendon, Associate Professor in the Wilf Family Department of Politics, New York University *In an exciting twist to the co-ethnic voting literature, Harris argues for the importance of 'everyday' interactions in shaping political behavior. Individuals who look different from the group norm vote against the group norm and do so because other group members treat them differently. Required reading for anyone interested in the microfoundations of ethnic voting. * Karen Ferree, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of California-San Diego *Adam Harris has produced an impressive study that takes us beyond conventional wisdom in understanding how ethnic and racial identities shape political preferences. Based on insightful theorizing and original empirics, Harris provides a nuanced depiction of identity construction and how it differentially affects people's everyday life experiences. This book offers profound insights for anyone who seeks to understand the complex impact of race or ethnicity on political behavior in diverse societies around the world. * Leonardo R. Arriola, Director of the Center for African Studies, University of California, Berkeley *

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Book Synopsis NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER Explosive... A blistering tell-all.---Washington Post People should sit up, take notes and change things.---Ace Smith, Los Angeles Times Brazile most certainly has a story to tell.... Vivid.---The GuardianFrom Donna Brazile, former DNC chair and legendary political operative, an explosive and revealing new look at the 2016 election: the first insider account of the Russian hacking of the DNC and the missteps by the Clinton campaign and Obama administration that enabled a Trump victory.In the fallout of the Russian hacking of the Democratic National Committee--and as chaos threatened to consume the party''s convention--Democrats turned to a familiar figure to right the ship: Donna Brazile. Known to millions from her frequent TV appearances, she was no stranger to high stakes and dirty opponents, and the longtime Democratic straTrade ReviewWith bracing honesty, enchanting self-awareness, and a wonderful storyteller's voice, Donna Brazile recounts the fascinating inside story of the 2016 campaign and what it was like being hacked. It is a deeply emotional story, but she tells it with great humor and insight. Her book is filled with urgent history and vital lessons for living in this age of cyber warfare and political discontent. This book is a triumph. - Walter Isaacson, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Steve Jobs, The Innovators, and Leonardo da VinciThe former DNC chair's memoir of election defeat has it all... Brazile most certainly has a story to tell.... An easy and vivid read, everything one expects in a first-person campaign narrative--except for its detailed discussion of Russia's hacks, WikiLeaks, and threats to Brazile herself. On that score, the book is down-right alarming. - The GuardianExplosive... Perhaps not since George Stephanopoulos wrote All Too Human, a 1999 memoir of his years working for former president Bill Clinton, has a political strategist penned such a blistering tell-all. - Washington Post

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Book SynopsisHow the Home Service utilised radio to win over the wartime public

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Book SynopsisThis volume deals with questions of political and constitutional principle and theory that affect the law and regulation of content in new media that are based on digital technology. In the light of convergence between different forms of communication, it examines whether the justifications for government intervention in traditional analogue broadcasting and programme delivery continue to be persuasive. The essays examine in general whether new approaches to freedom of expression are required in the digital era and whether there is a continued role for public service broadcasting or its equivalent. They also explore content standards in more detail, discussing arguments for and against regulation in the areas of beliefs, indecency and advertising and whether there is a case for the European Union''s measures to secure Television without Frontiers.Trade Review'This collection provides an insight into how the logic of the new media will ultimately compel the law.' Law Society JournalTable of ContentsContents: Introduction; Part I Free Speech and Converged Media: Freedom of the press and public access: toward a theory of partial regulation of the mass media, Lee C. Bollinger; Broadcasting and speech, Jonathan Weinberg; Converging 1st Amendment principles for converging communications media, Thomas G. Krattenmaker and L.A. Powe Jr; Digital speech and democratic culture: a theory of freedom of expression for the information society, Jack M. Balkin; Media freedom and political debate in the digital era, Jacob Rowbottom. Part II Public Service Broadcasting: Culture and consumerism: citizenship, public service broadcasting and the BBC's fair trading obligations, Georgina Born and Tony Prosser; European controls on member state promotion and regulation of public service broadcasting and broadcasting standards, Mike Varney; A marketplace approach to broadcast regulation, Mark S. Fowler and Daniel L. Brenner. Part III Content Standards: a) Beliefs: You can't say 'God' on the radio: freedom of expression, religious advertising and the broadcast media after Murphy v. Ireland, Andrew Geddis; 'A monstrous and unjustifiable infringement'? Political expression and the broadcasting ban on advocacy advertising, Andrew Scott; b) Indecency: The newness of new technology, Monroe E. Price; Beyond Madison? The US Supreme Court and the regulation of sexually explicit expression, Ian Cram; c) Content Regulation in the European Community: The revised television without frontiers directive: is it fit for the next century?, Berend Jan Drijber; Media convergence and the regulation of audiovisual content: is the European Community's Audio visual Media Services Directive fit for purpose? Rachel Craufurd Smith; d) Advertising: The value of commercial speech, Colin R. Munro; Name index.

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Book SynopsisThe New Campaign Finance Sourcebook has been integrated with the award-winning and frequently visited Brookings website to provide a timely, interactive tool for policymakers, journalists, and scholars. Four of the country''s leading experts on campaign finance reform have contributed original essays on important facets of finance law and administration. The essays are accompanied by a list of corresponding documents available on the website. The book offers a thorough overview and analysis of this highly controversial issue, including the history of campaign finance regulation and the current state of the law, current practices and trends in the flow of money, the constitutional debate, the use of political party money, issue advocacy, public financing of presidential elections, implementing and enforcing campaign finance laws, and campaigning on the internet. The authors conclude with a broad overview of alternative approaches to reform. The related website (www.brookings.edu

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Book SynopsisUplifting. . . . O'Rourke gets an A-plus on both the moral frisson of the long fight and the rightness of the cause. . . . The happy warrior from Texas is inspiring. --The Washington PostActivist and political leader Beto O'Rourke blends history, sociology, and travelogue for a thrilling, inspiring case for how voting rights is essential to a productive and healthy democracy.In We've Got To Try, O'Rourke shines a spotlight on the heroic life and work of Dr. Lawrence Aaron Nixon and the west Texas town where he made his stand. The son of an enslaved man, Nixon grew up in the Confederate stronghold of Marshall, Texas before moving to El Paso, becoming a civil rights leader, and helping to win one of the most significant civil and voting rights victories in American history: the defeat of the all-white primary. His fight for the ballot spanned 20 years and twice took him to the U.S. Supreme Court.With heart, eloquence, and powerful storytell

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Book SynopsisThis book evaluates the presidency of Donald Trump from a comparative, historical approach to connect his populist style to his predecessors.

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Book SynopsisThis book evaluates the presidency of Donald Trump from a comparative, historical approach to connect his populist style to his predecessors.

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Book SynopsisExplores the cultural and political significance of the election of President TrumpDonald J. Trump?s presidency has delivered a seismic shock to the American political system, its public sphere, and to our political culture worldwide. Written by leading scholars across a range of disciplines, as well as professionals in the field of political journalism, this collection of essays offers a deeper understanding of Trump and the impact that his rise to power has had both domestically and worldwide.The first section provides varied perspectives on the realignments of political culture in the United States that signify a paradigm shift, a radical disruption of fundamental beliefs and values about the political process and national identity. The second section of the book focuses on US foreign policy and diplomacy, taking stock of how the Trump presidency has disturbed the international system and US primacy within it. The third section of the book addresses the dynamics and consequences of what has come to be called post-truth politics, where conviction surpasses facts and the norms of political communication have been profoundly disrupted. Liam Kennedy is Professor of American Studies and Director of the Clinton Institute for American Studies at University College Dublin.

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Book Synopsis'I was hooked from the first page' – Mel Giedroyc'Heroic and humorous' – Independent'Warm, wise, witty' – Laura Bates, author of Everyday SexismThe uplifting and incredible true story of the No More Page 3 campaign and the unlikely everyday women who made a generational change possible.Jo Cheetham was a long way from home, studying and working as a nanny in London, when she saw news of an upcoming protest against the Page 3 pictorial in The Sun and decided to go along. Before she could talk herself out of it, Jo officially joined the No More Page 3 campaign team.Over the course of the next three years, Jo protested up and down the country, attended parliament and made an unlikely group of friends, ranging from sixteen to sixty, that would become her closest confidants and allies. Whether it was through an impromptu flash mob or a nerve-wracking group performance on the West End stage, Jo's world started to get a lot bigger.Hilarious, brilliantly warm and moving, Killjoy is a story of everyday people doing extraordinary things, the power of a grassroots campaign and ultimately what you can achieve when you shout a little bit louder.'Funny and inspiring' – Rachel Cooke, The Guardian'Snappily written with humour and irreverence, it unpeels the insanity of our patriarchal society and why it can and must change. Order it now, is our advice' – StylistTrade Review'I want to shout about this brilliantly funny book from the rooftops! Fiercely funny, truly fascinating and inspiring and touching in equal measure, Killjoy is about the real-life story of a handful of 'small' female Davids taking on large male Goliaths. Life-affirming and brilliantly told, I was hooked from the first page . . . I loved it.' -- Mel Giedroyc A funny and inspiring account of one postgraduate student's life-changing decision to join the No More Page 3 campaign: a first book that couldn't be more up my strasse if it tried. -- Rachel Cooke * The Guardian, 'Non-fiction to look out for in 2023' *Funny frank and fearless, this is an inspiring read about grassroots feminist activism and how a group of determined women can change the world. Killjoy is just like its author: warm, wise, witty and wet your pants hilarious. Older activists will recognise the struggles and triumphs she describes with wry smiles and younger ones will find this book is like a pep talk from a supportive older sister telling them they can do it too! -- Laura Bates, author of Everyday SexismI can't even begin to explain to my daughter that we grew up with naked pictures of women with massive knockers everywhere we looked, as if that was perfectly normal. This funny, frank memoir is an amazing reminder of what women went through to stop it. -- Jenny Colgan, bestselling author of Meet Me at the Cupcake CaféFunny, warm and compelling, Jo Cheetham’s Killjoy is a hugely readable real-life story of friendship, solidarity and taking on the big guys even when everyone thinks you’re mad. A great choice for book clubs, not least as it’s about a group of friends who simply refused to give up. -- AJ Pearce, bestselling author of Dear Mrs BirdSnappily written with humour and irreverence, it unpeels the insanity of our patriarchal society and why it can and must change. Order it now, is our advice. * Stylist, 'Non-fiction books you can’t miss in 2023' *A heroic and humorous account of the woman who found herself at the head of the No More Page 3 campaign, in a group of ordinary people doing extraordinary things. * The Independent, 'Debut Authors Set to Make Their Mark This Year' *I adored this heroic and unexpectedly humorous account of how Cheetham, then a PhD student who had never considered herself political or even assertive, was moved to join the No More Page 3 campaign . . . Hers is a fabulously uplifting story of ordinary people doing extraordinary things, which shows we all have the power to stand up for what we believe in, and bring about change. -- Caroline Sanderson, 'Editor's Choice', The BooksellerWonderful . . . Jo Cheetham charts her journey from shy graduate student, riddled with insecurities about her working-class roots, to fearless feminist campaigner . . . Funny, relatable and heart-warming. * New Statesman *

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Book SynopsisThey said this day would never come. They said our sights were set too high. They said this country was too divided, too disillusioned to ever come together around a common purpose. But on this January night, at this defining moment in history, you have done what the cynics said we couldn't do. ­­- Barack ObamaThe thrilling, inspirational story of Obama's first Presidential campaign, as told by those who lived it.__________In the year leading up to the Iowa Caucuses, few thought a freshman senator named Barack Hussein Obama would be able to win the Democratic nomination - not to mention become the country's first black president.But something was stirring. Hundreds of young people from all over the country, inspired by a message of hope and change, began assembling in Iowa. These "kids" became the foundation of one of the most improbable presidential campaigns of our lifetime.Featuring more than 200 interviews with alumni, volunteers, staffers, and President Obama himself, They Said This Day Would Never Come is a gripping and emotional oral history that takes readers inside the campaign, following those kids as they worked 14-hour days and traveled thousands of miles, building networks of support for one of the most inspirational and successful campaigns in recent history.This is a book full of hope.__________They Said This Day Would Never Come is an intimate look at one of the most gripping presidential elections in history, and at how this extraordinary campaign shaped Obama's presidency and America itself.

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of Political Campaigning in the U.S.: Managing Chaos is to provide readers with a comprehensive yet concise and accessible overview of modern election campaign practices.

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Book SynopsisBeginning with President Trump's first impeachment and ending with his second, FRANKLY, WE DID WIN THIS ELECTION chronicles the inside-the-room deliberations between Trump and his campaign team as they opened 2020 with a sleek political operation built to harness a surge of momentum from a bullish economy, a unified Republican Party, and a string of domestic and foreign policy successes-only to watch everything unravel when fortunes suddenly turned.With first-rate sourcing cultivated from five years of covering Trump in the White House and both of his campaigns, Bender brings readers inside the Oval Office, aboard Air Force One, and into the front row of the movement's signature mega-rallies for the story of an epic election-year convergence of COVID, economic collapse, and civil rights upheaval-and an unorthodox president's attempt to battle it all. Fresh interviews with Trump, key campaign advisers, and senior administration officials are paired with an exclusive collection of internal campaign memos, emails, and text messages for scores of never-before-reported details about the campaign. FRANKLY, WE DID WIN THIS ELECTION is the inside story of how Trump lost, and the definitive account of his final year in office that draws a straight line from the president's repeated insistence that he would never lose to the deadly storming of the U.S. Capitol that imperiled one of his most loyal lieutenants-his own vice president.

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Book SynopsisThe struggle between the defenders of America as an exceptional nation and the forces of anti-Americanism is reaching a fever pitch. These forces have grown so large, so well-financed, so entrenched and aggressive that they must be studied closely and understood completely if America is to survive this imminent civil war.In Beyond Biden, bestselling author Newt Gingrich brings together the various strands of the movement seeking to destroy true, historic American values and replace this country with one that's imposed on us by the combined power of government and social acceptance.

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Book SynopsisIn Trumpism, Bigotry, and the Threat to American Democracy, Larry N. Gerston examines the near-lethal combination of American bigotry and the ability of Donald Trump to take advantage of this scourge to satisfy his own political objective. The result is an individual who won election to the American presidency by adroitly pitting members of American society against one another, while presenting himself as the only person in the position to save America from itself. Having succeeded to the nation’s most important political office, Trump proceeded to use the position for his own benefit, irrespective of laws, norms, and, most important, the Constitution. So powerful was Trump that he and his minions came close to overturning the 2020 presidential election with the January 6, 2021 insurrection against the nation’s Capitol. While Trump failed in his attempt to remain in office, the threat to the wellbeing of the United States remains real. Trade ReviewBy placing Donald Trump’s presidential campaigns in the broader context of comparative democracies and American political history, Larry Gerston shows how they fit within larger processes that threaten the stability of democracy at home and abroad. Whatever happens in his trials, and regardless of whether he wins the Republican presidential nomination and is reelected president in 2024, Gerston makes the case that the American political system will be dealing with the consequences of Donald Trump for many years to come. -- Benjamin Highton, University of California, DavisTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart I: The Delicacy of DemocracyChapter 1: Democracy’s Promise and PerformanceChapter 2: Why Democracies DeclinePart II: The Impact of BigotryChapter 3: Bigotry as a Threat to DemocracyChapter 4: Racism in the United States: A Brief HistoryChapter 5: Donald Trump and BigotryPart III: Trumpism: An American Brand of AuthoritarianismChapter 6: Trump, Bigotry, and the 2016 Presidential ElectionChapter 7: A Bitter PresidencyChapter 8: Trump, Bigotry, and the 2020 ElectionChapter 9: The January Sixth Insurrection: Before, During, and After Chapter 10: Trump on the Wane?Part IV: Trumpism, Bigotry, and the Threat to American DemocracyChapter 11: Understanding the Threat to American DemocracyChapter 12: Saving the American ExperimentBibliographyAbout the Author

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Book SynopsisFor decades, conventional wisdom has held that Americans hate negativity in political advertising. Arguing against this commonly held view, the authors show that some negativity is accepted by voters as part of the political process, but that negative advertising is necessary to convey valuable information that would not otherwise be revealed.Trade Review"As America continues to polarize, the frequency of attacks in campaigns will only increase. Despite evidence showing that negativity has many payoffs, there is still substantial doubt about such claims. This book enters that breach with a timely array of data and theory that should find many interested readers." (John G. Geer, Vanderbilt University)"

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Book SynopsisArgues that when political candidates attack each other, raising doubts about each other's views, voters - and the democratic process - benefit. This study of negative advertising in presidential campaigns from 1960 to 2004, asserts that the proliferating attack ads are far more likely than positive ads to focus on political issues.Trade Review"This provocative and important book will be of interest not only to scholars in the fields of political advertising, media, and elections, but will also be vital to campaign consultants, political journalists, and political junkies of all sorts." - Ann Crigler, University of Southern California"

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1: Why Responsibility Matters 2: Framing Effects of News Coverage 3: Methods of Research 4: Effects of Framing on Attributions of Responsibility for Crime and Terrorism 5: Effects of Framing on Attributions of Responsibility for Poverty, Unemployment, and Racial Inequality 6: Effects of Framing on Attributions of Responsibility for the Iran-Contra Affair 7: Effects of Attributions on Issue-Specific Opinions 8: Effects of Attributions on General Opinions 9: The Role of Individual Differences Conclusion Appendix A: Content Analysis Appendix B: Field Experiments Appendix C: Correlational Analysis Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisIn 2016, when millions of Americans voted for Donald Trump, many believed his claims that personal wealth would free him from wealthy donors and allow him to drain the swamp. But then Trump appointed several billionaires and multimillionaires to high-level positions and pursued billionaire-friendly policies, such as cutting corporate income taxes. Why the change from his fiery campaign rhetoric and promises to the working class? This should not be surprising, argue Benjamin I. Page, Jason Seawright, and Matthew J. Lacombe: As the gap between the wealthiest and the rest of us has widened, the few who hold one billion dollars or more in net worth have begun to play a more and more active part in politicswith serious consequences for democracy in the United States. Page, Seawright, and Lacombe argue that while political contributions offer a window onto billionaires' influence, especially on economic policy, they do not present a full picture of policy preferences and political actions

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Book SynopsisLainey Newman and Theda Skocpol provide timely insight into the relationship between the decline of unions and the shift of working-class voters away from Democrats.Trade ReviewWhen workers decades ago spoke the words, 'This is a union town!' they were describing not just a statistical fact but, more importantly, a lived and embedded reality. Unions, as Lainey Newman and Theda Skocpol write, represented 'a dense social web of interconnected workers, family members and neighbors.' Rust Belt Union Blues is an immensely important book, both for politics and for the social sciences. Politically, it explains why many white workers strayed from their old Democratic loyalties not because their views changed radically but because of transformations in their reference points and the ways they answered the need for community. Rust Belt Union Blues also calls on social scientists to enrich and go beyond survey research by paying far more attention to the networks people build and the lives they live. This book deserves wide readership—and may it encourage more volumes like it. -- E.J. Dionne Jr., author of Why the Right Went Wrong, coauthor of 100% DemocracyIn recent decades many working-class voters have turned away from the Democratic Party, especially in the country's former industrial regions. Rust Belt Union Blues shows how the decline of labor unions contributed to this trend. Unions historically built solidarity around shared values in working-class communities; the erosion of union strength has weakened these communities and this solidarity, profoundly changing working-class life. Rust Belt Union Blues is fascinating and important reading for anyone interested in the past, present, and future of working-class politics in America. -- Jeffry Frieden, author of Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century and Its Stumbles in the Twenty-FirstHow refreshing to read a challenging account of how and why the Democratic Party lost a major constituency that attends to the people themselves, their communities, their organizations, and their struggles to make meaning of a politics that ceased to see them, hear them, or value them—to even respect them. For once, the authors enable us to hear the voices of human beings—not data points, utility functions, ideological categories, or labels. This work challenges us to focus on what a real constituency is—not a 'base' to be managed, but people who learn to stand together, work together, decide together, and act together. -- Marshall Ganz, Harvard Kennedy SchoolRead this book to better understand the roots of today’s political polarization. Newman and Skocpol document local unions’ historical role in the social life of manufacturing communities and show how deindustrialization and the disappearance of local unions helped turn these communities from blue to red. -- Frank Levy, MITA more granular look at the pre-Biden Democrats’ abandonment of working-class America...that illuminates the decline of an economic, social, and political world that once bolstered progressive and Democratic prospects. * American Prospect *Newman and Skocpol’s diagnosis of the causes and basic solution to the problem of working-class dealignment in the rust belt is right on the mark. * Jacobin *Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsList of Figures and Tables1. Understanding Social and Political Change in the Rust Belt2. The Social Underpinnings of the “Union Man”3. The Economic Breakdown of Big Labor from Without and Within4. Union Membership Transformed5. From Union Blue to Trump Red6. On Union Decline and the Potential for ResurgenceAppendix A. Voting Patterns in Western PennsylvaniaAppendix B. Sample Interview QuestionsAppendix C. Photographs in IBEW and USW NewslettersAppendix D. Local Union Mentions in IBEW and USW NewslettersNotesGlossaryIndex

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Book SynopsisPatrick J. Charles charts the rise of gun rights activism from the early twentieth century through the 1980 presidential election, pinpointing the role of the 1968 Gun Control Act. Offering a deep dive into the politicization of gun rights, Vote Gun reveals the origins of the acrimonious divisions that persist to this day.Trade ReviewIn Vote Gun, Patrick Charles sheds light on the historical origins of the gun debate, drawing on painstaking archival research and challenging received wisdom about the historical role of the “gun lobby.” This book is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the balance of gun rights and regulation in the United States. -- Joseph Blocher, coauthor The Positive Second Amendment: Rights, Regulation, and the Future of HellerVote Gun challenges the NRA’s narrative of its own history, including the claim that it has the power to swing elections, as well as the conventional wisdom that the NRA only became a fierce gun lobby in the late 1970s. The book is an important history of the role of the gun rights movement, as well as the evolution of gun politics and policy, throughout the first eight decades of the twentieth century. -- Kristin Goss, coauthor of The Gun Debate: What Everyone Needs to KnowAn illuminating history of an oft-misunderstood political movement, Vote Gun is a thorough and persuasive account of the rise and transformation of gun rights politics. Patrick Charles is one of the most respected voices on gun law historiography, and this meticulous account will further cement that status. -- Eric Ruben, Southern Methodist University Dedman School of LawNo study has excavated NRA history to this depth and detail. The basic outlines of this narrative have been often told, but Charles here provides a degree of detail, nuance, and complexity that has not been brought to light until now. This alone makes it an important, and also highly readable, contribution. -- Robert J. Spitzer, author of The Gun Dilemma: How History Is Against Expanded Gun RightsThe story put together here is an important one. * National Review *Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction1. “A Shot Sure to Be Heard Around Congress”2. The Rise of the “Gun Lobby”3. The Great “Gun Lobby” Awakening4. A Political Synopsis of the Great “Gun Lobby” Awakening5. The Evolution of the NRA and Firearms Control Politics6. 1968: Firearms Control Becomes an Election Issue7. 1969–1970: The “No Compromise” Gun Rights Movement Arrives8. 1971–1974: Firearms Control Politics and the Saturday Night Special9. 1974–1980: The Gun Rights ReformationEpilogueNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisHow do upcoming elections influence presidents’ behavior during wartime? War on the Ballot examines how electoral politics shaped presidential decisions on military and diplomatic strategy during the wars in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq.Trade ReviewAndrew Payne has written a truly excellent book. From the Korean and Vietnam Wars to the recent conflict in Iraq, his copiously researched and cogently argued case studies persuasively underline the importance of elections in shaping crucial presidential decisions. This is a must-read for anyone interested in the politics of America’s wars. -- Steven Casey, author of The War Beat, Pacific: The American Media at War Against JapanWith its razor-sharp conceptual framework and meticulously researched cases—backed up by a treasure trove of sources—this book opens a new window on the many and often surprising effects of the U.S. electoral cycle on presidential decision-making in times of war. -- Louise Fawcett, author of Iran and the Cold WarAndrew Payne has written an important book on the impact of the electoral cycle on American foreign policy. His well-conceived model for how domestic political considerations affect decision-making is grounded on finely crafted and well-researched case studies of the wars in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq. An important contribution to a crucial dimension of American foreign-policy making. -- William B. Quandt, author of Camp David: Peacemaking and PoliticsWar on the Ballot is a richly detailed account of how electoral constraints affect presidential decision-making in war. In this important study of domestic politics and war, Payne shows how the shadow of an upcoming election can shape presidents’ choices—often with results that do not serve the voters well. -- Elizabeth N. Saunders, author of Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military InterventionsPayne effectively demonstrates that domestic electoral politics does indeed affect presidential decisions, often decisively. He presents the argument in such a systematic and persuasive way that it will be very difficult to read his book and still see the recent American wars in the same light. -- Thomas A. Schwartz, author of Henry Kissinger and American Power: A Political BiographyAndrew Payne’s War on the Ballot is replete with compelling evidence that attests to the influence of the electoral cycle on the military strategy of United States presidents. -- Jonny Hall, London School of Economics and Political Science * International Affairs *Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Presidents, Politics, and War2. Korea: Truman, Eisenhower, and America’s First Limited War3. Vietnam: Lyndon Johnson and the “Americanization” of the War4. Vietnam: Richard Nixon and the “Vietnamization” of the War5. Iraq: George W. Bush and the Decision to Double Down6. Iraq: Barack Obama and the EndgameConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisHow do upcoming elections influence presidents’ behavior during wartime? War on the Ballot examines how electoral politics shaped presidential decisions on military and diplomatic strategy during the wars in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq.Trade ReviewAndrew Payne has written a truly excellent book. From the Korean and Vietnam Wars to the recent conflict in Iraq, his copiously researched and cogently argued case studies persuasively underline the importance of elections in shaping crucial presidential decisions. This is a must-read for anyone interested in the politics of America’s wars. -- Steven Casey, author of The War Beat, Pacific: The American Media at War Against JapanWith its razor-sharp conceptual framework and meticulously researched cases—backed up by a treasure trove of sources—this book opens a new window on the many and often surprising effects of the U.S. electoral cycle on presidential decision-making in times of war. -- Louise Fawcett, author of Iran and the Cold WarAndrew Payne has written an important book on the impact of the electoral cycle on American foreign policy. His well-conceived model for how domestic political considerations affect decision-making is grounded on finely crafted and well-researched case studies of the wars in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq. An important contribution to a crucial dimension of American foreign-policy making. -- William B. Quandt, author of Camp David: Peacemaking and PoliticsWar on the Ballot is a richly detailed account of how electoral constraints affect presidential decision-making in war. In this important study of domestic politics and war, Payne shows how the shadow of an upcoming election can shape presidents’ choices—often with results that do not serve the voters well. -- Elizabeth N. Saunders, author of Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military InterventionsPayne effectively demonstrates that domestic electoral politics does indeed affect presidential decisions, often decisively. He presents the argument in such a systematic and persuasive way that it will be very difficult to read his book and still see the recent American wars in the same light. -- Thomas A. Schwartz, author of Henry Kissinger and American Power: A Political BiographyAndrew Payne’s War on the Ballot is replete with compelling evidence that attests to the influence of the electoral cycle on the military strategy of United States presidents. -- Jonny Hall, London School of Economics and Political Science * International Affairs *Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Presidents, Politics, and War2. Korea: Truman, Eisenhower, and America’s First Limited War3. Vietnam: Lyndon Johnson and the “Americanization” of the War4. Vietnam: Richard Nixon and the “Vietnamization” of the War5. Iraq: George W. Bush and the Decision to Double Down6. Iraq: Barack Obama and the EndgameConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book Synopsis“A brilliant, fast-moving narrative history of the leaders who have defined the modern American presidency.”—Bob WoodwardTrade Review"Greenberg is a terrific storyteller. . . . An education and an engrossing read." -- Christopher Buckley - National Interest"Fine, nuanced." -- Michael Beschloss - New York Times Book Review"Greenberg neatly weaves a history of public relations into his political tale." -- H. W. Brands - Washington Post"This essential book is going to wind up on every politico’s shelf." -- Matthew Cooper - Washingtonian"In Republic of Spin, David Greenberg opens a new and revealing window on the modern American presidency by showing how the effort to manipulate public opinion has long been a central obsession in the Oval Office. Vivid characters, some very famous and some obscure, bring this important story to life and enlighten us about what presidents can and cannot accomplish." -- Jeffrey Toobin, author of The Oath and The Nine"Anyone wishing to understand how our politics evolved from the era of Teddy Roosevelt’s bully pulpit to the exquisitely calibrated constructions of today’s publicists, pollsters, speechwriters, and snakes needs to read Republic of Spin. David Greenberg’s book is everything that a political history should be—vivid, comprehensive, and important." -- Daniel Okrent, author of Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition"An utterly engrossing and deeply authoritative examination of spin and the American presidency—its origins, its vital role over the past century, its enduring importance. Greenberg’s elegant narrative brings this history vividly alive, as he weaves individual lives and broader societal forces into a major reassessment of modern American political culture. Spin has always been a part of politics, and it always will be; read this gem of a book to find out why that is, and what it means for our democracy." -- Fredrik Logevall, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Embers of War

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Book SynopsisThe advent of new technology and the importation of ''professional communicators'' has transformed the nature of British election campaigning. In this book, Dennis Kavanagh explores this so-called process of ''Americanization'', characterized by the increasing importance of the media in elections and the rise of advertising agencies, pollsters, public relations advisers and speechwriters. He examines how the ''professional communicators'' function within British politics, and assesses the reaction of the politicians themselves to the changing environment of election campaigns.Trade Review"In 1978, with Thatcher's agreement, a contract for media promotion of the Conservative Party's election campaign was awarded to the advertising agency, Saatchi and Saatchi. The contract with this agency was to be renewed over the ensuing years; in 1992, the Saatchi election budget was around u5 million and the account was still being paid off 24 months later by a Conservative Party heavily in debt. Over the past decades, methods of conducting election campaigns have greatly changed. Politicians increasingly rely on the skills of 'professional communicators' - advertisers, pollsters, public relations advisers - to help them fight media-orientated campaigns. There has been a sharp decline in door-to-door canvassing, while public meetings, which used to be widely attended, have been largely abandoned. Membership and activity in political parties is now at a post-war low, while voters have become spectators rather than participants in debate. In this illuminating study, the author examines how and why the changes in electioneering methods have come about. It raises many important but unresolved questions." Labour Research "This is a book that Mr Major and Mr Blair should make sure is thumbed through by their present day publicists and media advisers." Parliamentary BriefTable of ContentsList pf Figures. List of Tables. Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. New Campaign Communications. 2. Context. 3. Political Communications: Conservatives. 4. Political Communications: Labour. 5. Public Opinion Polls. 6. Private Opinion Polls. 7. Uses and Limits of Political Marketing. 8. Mass Media: Press. 9. Mass Media: Television. 10. Americanization. 11. Conclusion. List of Interviewees. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn 1920, socialist leader Eugene V. Debs ran for president while serving a ten-year jail term for speaking against America's role in World War I. In this book, Freeberg shows that the campaign to send Debs from an Atlanta jailhouse to the White House was part of a wider national debate over the right to free speech in wartime.Trade ReviewDemocracy's Prisoner powerfully reminds us of the pressure that war places on our First Amendment rights. The fight to free Debs almost a century ago was the first time that Americans organized to defend the right to speak against war. A timely lesson for us today. -- Nadine Strossen, President, American Civil Liberties UnionA beautifully crafted narrative of Debs' prosecution, incarceration, and the fight to free him that effectively recreates the dramatic crisis of the left and the rise of a civil liberties lobby during and just after World War I. An excellent and compelling book. -- Michael Kazin, author ofWilliam Jennings Bryan: A Godly HeroDemocracy's Prisoneris a superb account of the battle over free speech and civil liberties in the WW I era, beautifully argued and engrossing to read. Freeberg brings a wonderfully fresh perspective to this study of citizens' heroism, showing us the courage and shrewdness of the ever admirable Debs. But perhaps more important, he reveals for the first time the critical role that ordinary citizens, led by a political novice, played in mobilizing moderate Americans on his behalf. This book could not be more timely. -- Christine Stansell, author of American Moderns: Bohemian New York and the Creation of a New CenturyThis account of the trial and jailing of Eugene V. Debs for sedition in opposing WWI will be read by many as a warning for our times, yet it stands on its own as solid history...Freeberg relates this tale in a fast-paced narrative...The most enduring consequence of this whole affair is the fuel it contributed to the growth of civil liberties consciousness and organization in the United States. Not for the first time, administrations brought about the very results they most opposed. * Publishers Weekly *Freeberg argues that Debs's case illustrates the problems associated with silencing public discourse, most especially during a time of war. Debs was never a threat to national security; instead, he was a principled individual expressing his political beliefs. This excellent introduction to Debs and the Socialist Party is also an engaging examination of an issue that still tensely engages us today. -- Michael LaMagna * Library Journal *The Eugene V. Debs story is a moving, albeit instructive one, though he likely will never be given his due as one of the great figures of American history. Jailed for speaking out against the so-called “war to end all wars,” Socialist Debs ran for president in 1920, garnering a million votes. By the way, when he was finally released from that same Atlanta penitentiary, the whole of the prison’s population--guards and prisoners--cheered him. -- Robert Birnbaum * The Morning News *If history is what the present wants to know about the past, Democracy’s Prisoner is teeming with lessons. But above all, it’s the story of one extraordinary man’s showdown with the establishment--and how that confrontation turned into a complex political struggle whose outcome was up for grabs. Carefully researched and expertly told, Debs’ story also brings a fascinating era into sharp, vivid focus. -- Peter Richardson * Los Angeles Times Book Review *Freeberg's Democracy's Prisoner explores the arrest, prosecution, and imprisonment of Eugene V. Debs and the subsequent campaign to free him from a federal penitentiary. America's best-known socialist, Debs was loved by the party faithful and despised by conservatives as a traitor. For speaking out against the war, he became one of some 2,000 people arrested, and 1,200 convicted, for challenging the Wilson administration's war policy. Sentenced to 10 years in prison, Debs immediately became a cause célèbre to socialists, trade unionists, and civil libertarians...In [his] timely, readable, and engaging book, Freeberg reminds us of the fragility of rights in the context of fear, providing us with cautionary tales about what is lost when unquestioned political obligations trump the preservation of liberty. -- Eric Arnesen * Boston Globe *Freeberg has written an exhaustive account of the three-year campaign to free Debs from federal custody while the nation struggled over civil rights and government power in the last days of the Wilson administration, which included the notorious "Palmer Raids" on suspected dissidents. -- Bob Hoover * Pittsburgh Post-Gazette *Eugene Debs is a largely forgotten man today, an odd footnote in American history of the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. But this fascinating book about his climactic last years makes clear that he really mattered. In both political and legal ways he played a significant part in reducing intolerance of dissent in this country, and bringing to life the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech. -- Anthony Lewis * New York Review of Books *Sending Debs to prison made him the center of a campaign for freedom of speech for dissenters and antiwar activists. And when the courts eventually recognized a constitutional right to dissent, they were following a broad public debate spurred by talented organizers and activists who came from places ranging from Debs's own Socialist Party to the new American Civil Liberties Union to the rank-and-file locals of the American Federation of Labor. Freeberg's beautifully written book combines a political biography of Debs in his years of crisis with a broader argument about the unintended consequences of the campaign to win his release. -- Jon Wiener * Dissent *An important contribution for those interested in Eugene Debs and the early days of the American Socialist Party. -- R. J. Goldstein * Choice *Table of Contents* List of Illustrations * Prologue: Free Speech Campaign * Dangerous Man * Never Be a Soldier * War Declarations * Canton Picnic * Cleveland * Appeal * Long Trolley to Prison * Moundsville * Atlanta Penitentiary * An Amnesty Business on Every Block * Candidate 9653 * The Trials of A. Mitchell Palmer * The Last Campaign * Lonely Obstinacy * Free Speech and Normalcy * Last Flicker of the Dying Candle * Epilogue: Amnesty and the Birth of Civil Liberties * Notes * Archives Consulted * Acknowledgments * Index

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Book SynopsisVoting as a Rite examines China's experiments with elections from the perspective of intellectual and cultural history. Rather than arguing that such exercises were either successful or failed attempts at political democracy, Hill instead asks: how did those who participated in Chinese elections define success or failure for themselves?Trade ReviewProvides a long-term view of political activity in that country from the 19th century to the present day in China and Taiwan. * Choice *

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Book SynopsisVoting as a Rite examines China's experiments with elections from the perspective of intellectual and cultural history. Rather than arguing that such exercises were either successful or failed attempts at political democracy, Hill instead asks: how did those who participated in Chinese elections define success or failure for themselves?Trade ReviewProvides a long-term view of political activity in that country from the 19th century to the present day in China and Taiwan. * Choice *

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Book SynopsisOffering a comparative history of marketing and campaigning, this book generates a "jukebox model" of participation and shows that expressive choice has become a target for those eliciting mass participation and public support.Trade Review"Intriguing, carefully argued, complex, and engagingly written ... this book makes a valuable contribution and deserves to be widely read by theorists on both sides of the theoretical divide."--Choice "A well-written piece full of perceptive discussions ... Schuessler's call to think of 'choice as being' is a powerful one... He has provided abundant food for thought for social scientists of many different persuasions."--Luis Fernando Medina, American Journal of SociologyTable of ContentsPreface ix Chapter One Expressive Choice and Mass Participation 3 1.1 Approaching Noninstrumental Choice 5 1.2 Methodological, But Not Ontological, Individualism 6 1.3 Overview 8 Part One: Theory 11 Chapter Two A Jukebox Model of Participation 13 2.1 Claiming Popularity 16 2.2 Horizontal Shielding of Fellow Participants 18 2.3 Horizontal Shielding of Competing Producers 21 2.4 Imposing a Cost of Participation 23 2.5 Idiom versus Motivation 26 2.6 Conclusion 27 Chapter Three Theoretical Frame 1: Choice and Doing 29 3.1 Turnout 31 3.2 Choice 36 3.3 Responses to the Participation Paradox 40 3.4 Preliminary Conclusion 47 Chapter Four Theoretical Frame 2: Choice and Being 49 4.1 Expressive Motivation and Symbolic Utility 50 4.2 Operationalizing Expressive Choice 59 4.3 Conclusion 62 Part Two: Analysis 65 Chapter Five Soft Drinks and Presidents: The Rise of Expressive Campaigns 67 5.1 Marketing and Campaigning 68 5.2 Three Phases of Mass Appeals: Soft Drinks 74 5.3 Three Phases of Mass Appeals: Presidents 79 5.4 Shielding: The "Lemons" Problem 84 5.5 Conclusion 87 Chapter Six Expressive Utility and Momentum 91 6.1 The Model 92 6.2 Heterogeneous Preferences and Turnout 105 6.3 Discussion: Momentum 112 6.4 Conclusion 117 Chapter Seven Instrumental Enhancement and Its Expressive Costs 119 7.1 Producer Interest and Producer Cost 121 7.2 Raising Benefit 124 7.3 Lowering Cost 126 7.4 Analytical Effects 128 7.5 Turnout and Negative Campaigning 130 7.6 Supply Constraints 131 7.7 Expressive Costs of Instrumental Enhancement 133 7.8 Commodification 137 7.9 Conclusion 139 Chapter Eight Expressive Momentum Strategies 141 8.1 Strategic Distortion of Participation Levels 142 8.2 "Visible" Participation 143 8.3 Expressive Essence 144 8.4 Comparative Statics 145 8.5 Nonequilibrium Optima and Groucho Equilibria 146 8.6 The Cost of Inducing Marginal Participation 147 8.7 Distortion Targets and Controlling Momentum 148 8.8 Cost Constraints 150 8.9 Profit Maximization versus Participant Maximization 152 8.10 Composition of Utility 153 8.11 Conclusion 156 Conclusion 159 References 163 Index 171

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Book SynopsisExamines how and when politicians play the race card and then manage to plausibly deny doing so. This book analyzes the causes, dynamics, and consequences of racially loaded political communication.Trade ReviewWinner of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award "In this excellent study, Tali Mendelberg develops an original argument about the use of implicit racial appeals in political campaigns. She creatively deploys a variety of methods and offers important insights in whites' racial thinking and particularly into the ways modern politicians play upon anti-black racial prejudice and antagonism while retaining respectability... The book is an important contribution to political psychology: a case study in one critical realm of politics (interracial or ethnic relations) of how affect and cognition interact with political culture, processes, incentives, and institutions to shape political behavior at both the elite and mass levels. Unusually for a study so thoroughly grounded in social science methods, the book also treats and links its arguments to the history of U.S. race relations, adding to its value."--Robert Entman, Political Psychology "[A]n impressive and controversial analysis."--Scott Althaus, Harvard International Journal of Press and Politics 2002 "[G]roundbreaking on a number of levels and deserves attention from students of race, mass media effects, campaigns, elite behavior, and public opinion... It should be praised for the sheer volume of empirical evidence it presents and for the high risk of disconfirmation this poses for its central thesis. It should be read not only by those interested in the historical and contemporary role of racial appeals in modern American campaigns, but also by those seeking a model for rigorous, multimethodological, empirical social science research."--Nicholas Valentino, Public Opinion Quarterly "Mendelberg uses historical and experimental surveys and concludes that implicit communication about race is far more prevalent today among dominant groups and far more deadly because it is less visible than the overt racism of the 1960s. Mendelberg's book is a must read. She combines normative and quantitative analysis with self-reflection."--Choice "This book attempts something new and innovative within political science but it does so through a careful deployment of theoretical and methodological procedures acceptable to political scientists."--Andy R. Brown, Ethnic and Racial Studies "In The Race Card, Tali Mendelberg develops a comprehensive theory of the use of implicit racial messages in election campaigns and the relative effectiveness of these messages with voters... Mendelberg takes this thesis and rigorously tests it at each level of analysis... [Her] work is impressive. She has grounded a comprehensive theory of implicit racial messages in the literature on public opinion, the social psychology of prejudice, and the racial character of American political parties. She provides compelling evidence from a variety of sources: experiments, analysis of survey data, and content analysis... Her conclusions make a significant contribution to our understanding of how racial messages work in election campaigns. Her findings will contribute to sociologists working in the fields of race and ethnicity, mass media, and political sociology."--Matthew Schneirov, Contemporary Sociology "Mendelberg mines an impressive array of empirical evidence in support of her thesis... Her book merits a careful reading by sociologists, psychologists, political scientists, historians, and communications scientists interested in norms, racial attitudes, and political campaigns."--Felicia Pratto, American Journal of Sociology "The Race Card offers a methodologically rich and convincing account of the impact of subtle race cues in contemporary American politics. Although her thesis is a controversial one, Mendelberg develops a careful and cogent argument that racial attitudes can have a substantial effect on candidate evaluations--provided that candidates craft a racial appeal that appears to be about something other than race... The author deserves considerable credit for the ingenuity and care that went into her experimental designs... Virtually no one in this subfield has gone to greater lengths to ensure that a study occurred under the most realistic conditions possible... Mendelberg's book should be regarded as a major contribution to the field of race and politics. Although Mendelberg's thesis will undoubtedly be regarded as controversial in some circles, her book goes a long way in providing compelling evidence that race, and racial attitudes, still matter in contemporary American politics."--Vince Hutchings, American Political Science Review "By almost any definition this is a readable book... Mendelberg has made a substantive contribution to our understanding of the political and cultural implications for a nation whose majority cannot seem to find a model other than white or black."--Kenneth O'Reilly, Journal of Southern HistoryTable of ContentsList of Illustrations vii List of Tables ix Preface xi PART ONE: THE ORIGIN OF IMPLICIT RACIAL APPEALS 1 Chapter 1. A Theory of Racial Appeals 3 Chapter 2. The Norm of Racial Inequality Electoral Strategy and Explicit Appeals 28 Chapter 3. The Norm of Racial Equality Electoral Strategy and Implicit Appeals 67 PART TWO: THE IMPACT OF IMPLICIT RACIAL APPEALS 109 Chapter 4. The Political Psychology of Implicit Communication 111 Chapter 5. Crafting Conveying and Challenging Implicit Racial Appeals: Campaign Strategy and News Coverage 134 Chapter 6. The Impact of Implicit Messages 169 Chapter 7. Implicit Explicit and Counter-Stereotypical Messages: The Welfare Experiment 191 Chapter 8. Psychological Mechanisms: The Norms Experiment 209 PART THREE: IMPLICATIONS OF IMPLICIT RACIAL APPEALS 237 Chapter 9. Implicit Communication beyond Race: Gender Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity 239 Chapter 10. Political Communication and Equality 268 References 277 Index 299

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Book SynopsisHow did Republicans manage to hold the White House through much of the past half century even as the Democratic Party held the hearts of most American voters? This study develops and tests a general theory of cultural politics in the United States.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2005 Best Book on Religion and Politics, Religion and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association "The Politics of Cultural Differences provides a compelling account of American electoral politics, and of presidential campaigns specifically, over the last four decades of the twentieth century."--Robert A. Jackson, Social ForcesTable of ContentsFigures and Tables ix Preface xi PART I: Cultural Theory and Recent American Politics Chapter One Anomalies of Post-New Deal Politics 3 Chapter Two The Political Mobilization of Cultural Differences 13 Chapter Three General Components of Cultural Theory in Political Conflict 39 Chapter Four Election Rituals, Ideological Movements, and Group Politics 56 Chapter Five Psychological Mechanisms and Campaign Strategies 83 PART II: Case Studies of the Political Mobilization of Cultural Differences Chapter Six Cultural Strains in the New Deal Coalition 101 Chapter Seven A Methodology for Assessing Cultural Politics 130 Chapter Eight Keeping America Purposeful, Powerful, and Pure 158 Chapter Nine Race and the Transformation of the Contemporary Party System 179 Chapter Ten Gender, Religion, and the Second Party Transformation 203 Chapter Eleven Cultural Politics: Some Conclusions and Practical Implications 252 References 271 Index 283

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Book SynopsisArgues that campaigns do play their role in sustaining democracy, mainly because they bring about a dialogue among candidates, the press, and the people. This book takes a look at the exchange of ideas through language used in campaign speeches, political advertising, public debates, print and broadcast news, and a various letters to the editor.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2009 Doris Graber Book Award, Section on Political Communication of the American Political Science Association "This upbeat assessment is founded on a careful look at language... Readers may not be ready to embrace electoral politics as a national treasure, but Hart's suggestion that at least something positive can be gleaned from the campaign trail is reassuring."--Publishers Weekly "Campaign Talk should be required reading for politicians and their speechwriters. However, it is also for political campaign workers who talk about "staying on the message" and really for anyone who need to be reminded that democracy is not for the complacent but rather it is a dirty-your-fingernails process that anyone can, and should, dive into."--David Kissinger, San Franciso Bay Guardian "Hart is to be complimented for what is ... a brave premise and encouraging analysis... [He] has written a useful and impressive book."--Lane Crothers, Quarterly Journal of Speech "For those cynical and pessimistic about American political campaigns, this book may be an appropriate antidote... The sophisticated research methodology does not detract from the readable text."--Library Journal "In [his] fascinating new book ... Roderick Hart uses a computer to analyze the language of candidates to see how their vocabularies work. Specifically, [he] shows how a candidate is or is not in touch with his times."--Suzanne Fields, Washington Times "The book to buy for the Rodney Dangerfield campaign operative in your life, sure to buck him up on those long bus rides."--Carlin Romano, Philadelphia Inquirer "Hart forces us to rethink some cliches of political kibitzing... Campaigns teach, sensitize, and activate the people as they preach to them."--Carlin Romano, Philadelphia Inquirer "[Hart] treats presidential campaigns as a conversation among the people, the press, and the nation's leaders, and finds they serve the nation well. Such optimistic conclusions seem to run against the conventional wisdom and numerous recent more rigorous analyses, yet it would be difficult to find in Hart's persuasive and enthusiastic analysis flaws serious enough to undermine his conclusions. The success of his volume lies precisely in the mix of "hard" and "soft" methodology. American democracy seen through the prism of work usage looks impressively stable and efficient... No matter how skeptical and cautious readers may be, they must admit that Hart develops his argument in a captivatingly persuasive fashion."--Bohdan Szlarski, The Review of PoliticsTable of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xi Preface xiii CHAPTER 1 Campaign Questions 3 CHAPTER 2 Campaign Language 23 CHAPTER 3 Campaign Evolution 46 CHAPTER 4 Campaign Functions 75 CHAPTER 5 Campaign Forums 103 CHAPTER 6 The Political Voice 140 CHAPTER 7 The Media's Voice 169 CHAPTER 8 The People's Voice 199 CHAPTER 9 Campaign Reflections 226 APPENDIX 1 DICTION: The Text Analysis Program 245 APPENDIX 2 Statistical Notes 253 APPENDIX 3 Sampling Details 263 Notes 269 Index 299

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