Plasma physics Books

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe study of plasmas is crucial in improving our understanding of the universe, and they are being increasingly utilised in key technologies such as spacecraft thrusters, plasma medicine, and fusion energy. Providing readers with an easy to follow set of examples that clearly illustrate how simulation codes are written, this book guides readers through how to develop C++ computer codes for simulating plasmas primarily with the kinetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method. This text will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and engineering looking to learn how to put the theory to the test.Features: Provides a step-by-step introduction to plasma simulations with easy to follow examples Discusses the electrostatic and electromagnetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method on structured and unstructured meshes, magnetohydrodynamics (MTable of Contents1. Fundamentals. 2. Plasma in a box. 3. Flow Around a Sphere. 4. Material Interactions. 5. Symmetry. 6. Unstructured Meshes. 7. Electromagnetic PIC. 8. Eulerian Methods. 9. Parallel Programming.

Read more less

Book SynopsisUnstable Nature is a popular science book offering a journey through the concept of instability in modern science with a focus on physics. Conceived for the curious reader wishing to go deeper in the fascinating and not yet popularised world of instabilities, it provides an immersion into paradoxical and unexpected phenomena - some of which hides in plain sight in our daily lives. The book is written without technical jargon, and new concepts and terminology needed for the narrative are introduced gradually based on examples taken from accessible everyday life. The chapters are connected through a path that starts from exploring instabilities at the planetary scale and then passes through a description of unstable dynamics in macroscopic settings such as in human mechanical artifacts, fluid waves, animal skin, vegetation structures, and chemical reactions, finally reaching the sub atomic scale and the biological processes of human thought. Before concluding with someTrade ReviewUnstable Nature by Auro Michele Perego is a remarkable book, and I don’t think I have ever read a similarly rich overview of this extremely important field. Although we all think we may know what “instability” might mean, physicists have a very precise formalism to study unstable phenomena in nature, and this vision is central to virtually all areas of science: from planetary instabilities to microscopic biology. Yet this is a subject that has not been adequately treated in the popular science literature, and Unstable Nature makes an extremely valuable contribution in making the subject accessible in an attractive and jargon-free way. A key aspect of the book I latched onto immediately was how the scientific study of instability provides truly universal insights that connect different areas of science, and the book underlines this constantly throughout. The style combines clear conceptual discussion, historical and personal anecdote, as well as thought-provoking philosophical discussions which are a delight to read. The author leads an independent research group in nonlinear science at Aston University, and it is a real pleasure to see such an active researcher also take a real interest in science communication. - John Dudley, The FEMTO-ST Institute, January 2024.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Prelude in everyday language. Cosmic instabilities. Cybernetics and control systems. Hydrodynamic instabilities: Chaos and turbulence Modulation instability An act of creation Bifurcations Morphogenesis Instabilities at the atomic scale Quantum vacuum and the origin of perturbations Instabilities in the head Pillars of Hercules Exponential nature Universal forms Riding the future Becoming

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntroducing basic principles of plasma physics and their applications to space, laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, this new edition provides updated material throughout. Topics covered include single-particle motions, kinetic theory, magnetohydrodynamics, small amplitude waves in hot and cold plasmas, and collisional effects. New additions include the ponderomotive force, tearing instabilities in resistive plasmas and the magnetorotational instability in accretion disks, charged particle acceleration by shocks, and a more in-depth look at nonlinear phenomena. A broad range of applications are explored: planetary magnetospheres and radiation belts, the confinement and stability of plasmas in fusion devices, the propagation of discontinuities and shock waves in the solar wind, and analysis of various types of plasma waves and instabilities that can occur in planetary magnetospheres and laboratory plasma devices. With step-by-step derivations and self-contained introductions to mathemaTrade Review'Introduction to Plasma Physics, by Gurnett and Bhattacharjee, has been and with this new addition will continue to be my go-to plasma physics book for my research, and for the graduate course I teach in plasma physics.' L. A. Fisk, University of Michigan'With their second edition, Gurnett and Bhattacharjee have made a good textbook great. For students aspiring to pursue the broad field of plasma physics, this is the book of choice. Relevant examples from space and laboratory plasma physics bring the subject alive. The authors' clear writing is at the right level for advanced undergrads and graduate students and makes understandable the important topical areas of plasma physics.' Michael Mauel, Columbia University, New York'The approach of the book is in-depth and exhaustive. The derivations are detailed, with few 'and then the miracle happens' steps, which makes the book suitable for advanced undergraduates as well as researchers. Together with the meticulous mathematics, the physics is described in an intuitive way, which helps build a clear mental picture of plasma phenomena … I found the writing style refreshingly direct and readable throughout. As an aid to undergraduate teaching, most chapters finish with a problem section, with questions at a variety of levels, and suggestions for further reading … as an introduction to the general underpinning physics of plasma phenomena, it is an excellent book that I can see myself referring to extensively in future.' Stephen Milan, The ObservatoryTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Characteristic parameters of a plasma; 3. Single particle motions; 4. Waves in a cold plasma; 5. Kinetic theory and the moment equations; 6. Magnetohydrodynamics; 7. MHD equilibria and stability; 8. Discontinuities and shock waves; 9. Electrostatic waves in a hot unmagnetized plasma; 10. Waves in a hot magnetized plasma; 11. Nonlinear effects; 12. Collisional processes; Appendix A. Symbols; Appendix B. Useful trigonometric identities; Appendix C. Vector differential operators; Appendix D. Vector calculus identities; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis textbook, derived from courses given by three leading researchers, provides advanced undergraduates and graduates with up-to-date coverage of space physics, from the Sun to the interstellar medium. Clear explanations of the underlying physical processes are presented alongside major new discoveries and knowledge gained from space missions, ground-based observations, theory, and modelling to inspire students. Building from the basics to more complex ideas, the book contains enough material for a two-semester course but the authors also provide suggestions for how the material can be tailored to fit a single semester. End-of-chapter problems reinforce concepts and include computer-based exercises specially developed for this textbook package. Free access to the software is available via the book''s website and enables students to model the behavior of magnetospheric and solar plasma. An extensive glossary recaps new terms and carefully selected further reading sections encourage stuTrade Review'[This book] provides a significant update of scientific material in the rapidly changing field of space plasma physics while maintaining a level appropriate for seniors and beginning graduate students. I look forward to using this text the next time I teach my course.' Mary Hudson, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire'This is a very welcome update, which makes excellent use of recent advances in simulation techniques to illustrate concepts, and each chapter ends with a valuable set of problems, many of which are linked to online resources and applications. I have no doubt that this volume will rapidly become the standard recommended textbook for those teaching both basic and advanced courses in space plasmas.' Christopher Owen, University College London'Space Physics boasts clear and thorough discussions of the physics and phenomenology of our space environment, illustrated by a wealth of diagrams and examples from spacecraft observations. It is an ideal launch pad for students new to space physics with web-based software complementing many of the problems at the end of each chapter, enabling students to explore interactively the physics of our space environment.' Gregory Howes, University of Iowa'Providing a complete and in-depth coverage of space physics, this refreshing new contribution to teaching in space physics is well written, simple and clear. It's an excellent textbook for introductory courses and a valuable reference for any space physics researcher.' Hui Zhang, University of Alaska, Fairbanks'As this is an update to an earlier text published in 1995, some chapters have been thoroughly revised while others replaced but the essence is still the same. The authors have designed it to include all the required material, enough for a two-semester graduate course. Each chapter comes with a set of carefully selected additional readings with reasons why they are of interest given; and problem sets, some of which are in the form of lab exercises that are entirely online. The book does not stop at solar-terrestrial problems; the effects of solar wind on other planets and planetary aurora are discussed as well. Apart from graduate students, other parties that will find it a good investment are new lecturers of advanced undergraduate plasma physics course looking to get their hands on a comprehensive text for their lectures or existing ones needing to update their repertoire.' B. Ishak, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Solar terrestrial physics: the evolution of a discipline; 2. The upper atmosphere and ionosphere; 3. Physics of magnetized plasmas; 4. The Sun and its atmosphere; 5. The solar wind and heliosphere; 6. Collisionless shocks; 7. Solar wind interaction with magnetized obstacles; 8. Plasma interactions with unmagnetized bodies; 9. Solar wind magnetosphere coupling; 10. The terrestrial magnetosphere; 11. The aurora; 12. Planetary magnetospheres; 13. Plasma waves; Appendix 1. Notation, vector identities, and differential operators; Appendix 2. Fundamental constants and plasma parameters of space physics; Appendix 3. Geophysical coordinate transformations; Appendix 4. Time series analysis techniques; Glossary; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis Book s focus and intent is to impart an understanding of the practical application of atmospheric plasma for the advancement of a wide range of current and emerging technologies.Trade Review“This book is recommended to anyone who wishes to acquire the practical and applied aspects of APP technology.” (Surface Innovations, 1 March 2013)Table of ContentsPreface xi 1. Plasma – The Fourth State of Matter 1 1.1 Fundamentals of Plasmas 1 1.2 Thermal vs. Nonthermal Plasmas 6 1.3 Mechanisms for Surfaces Reactions 22 2. Plasmas for Surface Modification 27 2.1 Low-Pressure Plasmas 28 2.2 Microwave Systems 31 2.3 Physical Vapor Deposition Systems 33 2.4 Atmospheric Plasma Systems 42 2.5 Atmospheric Plasma Precursor Deposition Systems 51 3. Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modification Effects 55 3.1 Surface Cleaning 56 3.2 Surface Etching 63 3.3 Surface Functionalization 66 3.4 Grafting and Surface Polymerization Effects 75 4. Characterization Methods of Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modifications 81 4.1 Surface Characterization Techniques 81 4.2 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 82 4.3 Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry by Time-of-Flight (TOF-SIMS) 86 4.4 Atomic Force Microscopy 89 4.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM) 97 4.7 Visual Methodologies 98 5. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Roll-to-Roll Polymeric Surfaces 109 5.1 Material Classifications and Applications 110 5.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 116 5.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 117 6. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Three-Dimensional Polymeric Surfaces 121 6.1 Material Classifications and Applications 125 6.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 129 6.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 135 7. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Textile Surfaces 139 7.1 Material Classifications and Applications 141 7.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 145 7.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 151 8. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Paper Surfaces 155 8.1 Material Classifications and Applications 157 8.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 162 8.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 164 9. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Metal Surfaces 167 9.1 Material Classifications and Applications 168 9.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 173 9.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 177 10. Atmospheric Plasma Surface Antimicrobial Effects 181 10.1 Antimicrobial Surface Effects 183 10.2 Inactivation and Sterilization Methods – Medical 187 10.3 Inactivation and Sterilization Methods – Food 189 11. Economic and Ecological Considerations 195 11.1 Operating Cost Comparison of Atmospheric Plasma Systems 196 11.2 Environmental/Sustainable Advantages 201 12. Emerging and Future Atmospheric Plasma Applications 205 12.1 Solar and Other Alternative Energy Systems 205 12.2 Energy Storage Technologies 211 12.3 Aviation and Aerospace Applications 215 12.4 Electronic Device Fabrication 216 12.5 Air Purification Applications 220 12.6 Medical Engineering 221 13. Economic and Environmental Assessment 225 13.1 Goal and Scope 226 13.2 Functional Units 227 13.3 System Boundaries 230 13.4 Data Documentation 232 13.5 Lifecycle Interpretation 233

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book will help readers understand thermodynamic properties caused by magnetic fields. Providing a concise review of time independent magnetic fields, it goes on to discuss the thermodynamic properties of magnetizing materials of different shapes, and finally, the equilibrium properties of superconductors of different shapes and also of different sizes.Chapters are accompanied by problems illustrating the applications of the principles to optimize and enhance understanding. This book will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers specializing in thermodynamics, solid state physics, magnetism, and superconductivity.Features: The first book to provide comprehensive coverage of thermodynamics in magnetic fields, only previously available, in part, in journal articles Chapters include problems and worked solutions demonstrating real questions in contemporary superconductivity, such as properties of vTrade Review"Kozhevinkov’s book is a succinct and delightfully clear exposition of the fundamental thermodynamic principles underlying magnetic and superconducting materials. Each chapter concludes with a set of problems augmented by worked solutions, which will make the book very suitable for anyone trying to get to grips with this notoriously thorny subject." — Prof. Stephen Blundell, Department of Physics, University of Oxford "The book of Professor Kozhevnikov covers an important chapter of thermodynamics, which is largely underrepresented in the literature. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first monograph which consistently expounds the concepts of thermodynamics of materials in magnetic fields. In particular, it comprehensively addresses an issue of a demagnetizing factor and the forms of thermodynamic potentials appropriate for different sample/field configurations. Significant part of the book is devoted to the superconductivity. It is distinguished in in-depth discussions of not well-covered subjects, such as the intermediate state in type-I superconductors and magnetic properties of type-II materials with non-zero demagnetizing factor. In the first chapter (Elements of magnetostatics in magnetizing media), the author discusses latest achievements in the studies of superconductivity made possible due to the most advanced methods of magnetometry, such as the muon spin rotation spectroscopy. These achievements include (but not limited to) a novel explanation of nucleation of superconductivity at high magnetic field and direct measurements of the field intensity H in type-I superconductors. The book is written in a clear language without mathematical excesses but with an emphasis on the physical meaning of the concepts covered. To illustrate these concepts, all chapters are accompanied by original problems with solutions. This book will definitely appeal to students and instructors/ researchers in Physics, Applied Physics, Chemistry, Material Science, and Electrical Engineering Departments. It can be used as a supplementary text in variety of courses, e.g., thermodynamics, electromagnetism, physics of condensed matter, superconductivity, and statistical physics." — Michail Raikh, Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2019 Table of ContentsIntroduction. 1. Magnetic Fields in Regular Matter. 2. Thermodynamic Potentials In Magnetic Fields. 3. Diamagnetism in Superconductors. 4. Concluding remarks.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFluid Dynamics via Examples and Solutions provides a substantial set of example problems and detailed model solutions covering various phenomena and effects in fluids. The book is ideal as a supplement or exam review for undergraduate and graduate courses in fluid dynamics, continuum mechanics, turbulence, ocean and atmospheric sciences, and related areas. It is also suitable as a main text for fluid dynamics courses with an emphasis on learning by example and as a self-study resource for practicing scientists who need to learn the basics of fluid dynamics.The author covers several sub-areas of fluid dynamics, types of flows, and applications. He also includes supplementary theoretical material when necessary. Each chapter presents the background, an extended list of references for further reading, numerous problems, and a complete set of model solutions.Trade Review"There is no better way to fall in love with a particular subject then to learn it through problem solving. Sergey Nazarenko has created an important resource for mathematics and physics students and young researchers by introducing basics and techniques of fluid dynamics. Anyone involved in teaching fluid dynamics will treasure this book because it provides a clear path to help convey the beauty, elegance, and sophistication of this enticing area of science."—Professor Natalia Berloff, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology"This is an excellent book for fluid dynamics students. It gives a good overview of the theory through a large set of worthy example problems. After many classical textbooks on the subject, there is finally one with solved exercises. I fully appreciate the selection of topics."—Professor Miguel Onorato, Physics Department, University of TorinoTable of ContentsFluid Equations and Different Regimes of Fluid Flows. Conservation Laws in Incompressible Fluid Flows. Fluid with Free Surface. Waves and Instabilities. Boundary Layers. Two-Dimensional Flows. Point Vortices and Point Sources. Turbulence. Compressible Flow. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book Synopsis1. Introduction.- 2. Charged Particle Motion in Constant and Uniform Electromagnetic Fields.- 3. Charged Particle Motion in Nonuniform Magnetostatic Fields.- 4. Charged Particle Motion in Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields.- 5. Elements of Plasma Kinetic Theory.- 6. Average Values and Macroscopic Variables.- 7. The Equilibrium State.- 8. Macroscopic Transport Equations.- 9. Macroscopic Equations for a Conducting Fluid.- 10. Plasma Conductivity and Diffusion.- 11. Some Basic Plasma Phenomena.- 12. Simple Applications of Magnetohydrodynamics.- 13. The Pinch Effect.- 14. Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space.- 15. Magnetohydrodynamic Waves.- 16. Waves in Cold Plasmas.- 17. Waves in Warm Plasmas.- 18. Waves in Hot Isotropic Plasmas.- 19. Waves in Hot Magnetized Plasmas.- 20. Particle Interactions in Plasmas.- 21. The Boltzmann and the Fokker-Planck Equations.- 22. Transport Processes in Plasmas.- Appendix A Useful Vector Relations.- Appendix B Useful Relations in Cartesian and in CurvilineaTrade ReviewFrom the reviews of the third edition: "This is an excellent introductory textbook of plasma physics, especially recommendable to those starting the study of the subject. … the book is an immense monography of 678 pages. Our impressions are good … ." (Iván Abonyi, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1084, 2006)Table of ContentsCONTENTS 1. General Properties of Plasmas 1.1 Definition of a Plasma 1.2 Plasma as the Fourth State of Matter 1.3 Plasma Production 1.4 Particle Interactions and Collective Effects 1.5 Some Basic Plasma Phenomena 2. Criteria for the De.nition of a Plasma 2.1 Macroscopic Neutrality 2.2 Debye Shielding 2.3 The Plasma Frequency 3. The Occurrence of Plasmas in Nature 3.1 The Sun and its Atmosphere 3.2 The Solar Wind 3.3 The Magnetosphere and the Van Allen Radiation Belts 3.4 The Ionosphere 3.5 Plasmas Beyond the Solar System 4. Applications of Plasma Physics 4.1 Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 4.2 The Magnetohydrodynamic Generator 4.3 Plasma Propulsion 4.4 Other Plasma Devices 5. Theoretical Description of Plasma Phenomena 5.1 General Considerations on a Self-Consistent Formulation 5.2 Theoretical Approaches Problems 1. Introduction 2. Energy Conservation 3. Uniform Electrostatic Field 4. Uniform Magnetostatic Field 4.1 Formal Solution of the Equation of Motion 4.2 Solution in Cartesian Coordinates 4.3 Magnetic Moment 4.4 Magnetization Current 5. Uniform Electrostatic and Magnetostatic Fields 5.1 Formal Solution of the Equation of Motion 5.2 Solution in Cartesian Coordinates 6. Drift Due to an External Force Problems 1. Introduction 2. Spatial Variation of the Magnetic Field 2.1 Divergence Terms 2.2 Gradient and Curvature Terms 2.3 Shear Terms 3. Equation of Motion in the First Order Approximation 4. Average Force Over One Gyration Period 4.1 Parallel Force 4.2 Perpendicular Force 4.3 Total Average Force 5. Gradient Drift 6. Parallel Acceleration of the Guiding Center 6.1 Invariance of the Orbital Magnetic Moment and of the Magnetic Flux 6.2 Magnetic Mirror Effect 6.3 The Longitudinal Adiabatic Invariant 7. Curvature Drift 8. Combined Gradient-Curvature Drift Problems 1. Introduction 2. Slowly Time-Varying Electric Field 2.1 Equation of Motion and Polarization Drift 2.2 Plasma Dielectric Constant 3. Electric Field with Arbitrary Time Variation 3.1 Solution of the Equation of Motion 3.2 Physical Interpretation 3.3 Mobility Dyad 3.4 Plasma Conductivity Dyad 3.5 Cyclotron Resonance 4. Time-Varying Magnetic Field and Space-Varying Electric Field 4.1 Equation of Motion and Adiabatic Invariants 4.2 Magnetic Heating of a Plasma 5. Summary of Guiding Center Drifts and Current Densities 5.1 Guiding Center Drifts 5.2 Current Densities Problems 1. Introduction 2. Phase Space 2.1 Single-Particle Phase Space 2.2 Many-Particle Phase Space 2.3 Volume Elements 3. Distribution Function 4. Number Density and Average Velocity 5. The Boltzmann Equation 5.1 Colisionless Boltzmann Equation 5.2 Jacobian of the Transformation in Phase Space 5.3 E.ects of Particle Interactions 6. Relaxation Model for the Collision Term 7. The Vlasov Equation Problems 1. Average Value of a Physical Quantity 2. Average Velocity and Peculiar Velocity 3. Flux 4. Particle Current Density 5. Momentum Flow Dyad or Tensor 6. Pressure Dyad or Tensor 6.1 Concept of Pressure 6.2 Force per Unit Area 6.3 Force per Unit Volume 6.4 Scalar Pressure and Absolute Temperature 7. Heat Flow Vector 8. Heat Flow Triad 9. Total Energy Flux Triad 10. Higher Moments of the Distribution Function Problems 1. The Equilibrium State Distribution Function 1.1 The General Principle of Detailed Balance and Binary Collisions 1.2 Summation Invariants 1.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Function 1.4 Determination of the Constant Coe.cients 1.5 Local Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Function 2. The Most Probable Distribution 3. M

Read more less

Book Synopsis1. Introduction.- 2. Single-Particle Motions.- 3. Plasmas as Fluids.- 4. Waves in Plasmas.- 5. Diffusion and Resistivity.- 6. Equilibrium and Stability.- 7. Kinetic Theory.- 8. Nonlinear Effects.- Appendices.- Appendix A. Units, Constants and Formulas, Vector Relations.- Appendix B. Theory of Waves in a Cold Uniform Plasma.- Appendix C. Sample Three-Hour Final Exam.- Appendix D. Answers to Some Problems.- Index to Problems.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Single-Particle Motions.- 3. Plasmas as Fluids.- 4. Waves in Plasmas.- 5. Diffusion and Resistivity.- 6. Equilibrium and Stability.- 7. Kinetic Theory.- 8. Nonlinear Effects.- Appendices.- Appendix A. Units, Constants and Formulas, Vector Relations.- Appendix B. Theory of Waves in a Cold Uniform Plasma.- Appendix C. Sample Three-Hour Final Exam.- Appendix D. Answers to Some Problems.- Index to Problems.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis energy source is inexhaustible and, although achieving fusion energy is difficult, the progress made in the past two decades has been remarkable.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The ‘indispensable truth’ is that Chen … has written what may well be recognized as the definitive retrospective on the promise of endless supplies of cheap, clean nuclear energy from fusion, offering the prospect of realizing the promise at last. … It is stylishly written, designed, and illustrated to appeal to general readers … . Chen is in his comfort zone as he tells his story, and the indispensable truth is that it is just that–indispensable! Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels/libraries.”­­­ (L. W. Fine, Choice, Vol. 49 (3), November 2011)"With An Indispensable Truth: How Fusion Power Can Save the Planet, Frank Chen has provided a sweeping perspective on fusion energy. He covers everything from climage change to plasma instabilities. On climate change and energy, the view is best from 30 000 feet: The book provides a good high-level overview of the issues at stake...On fusion plasma physics, Chen's area of expertise, An Indispensable Truth provides an intuitive, up-close explanation of exciting recent advances and future challenges...An Indispensable Truth provides an exciting whirlwind tour of energy issues and technologies, with particular insight into fusion. Chen is correct to emphasize the tremendous progress that has been made in fusion research. ITER will produce hundreds of millions of watts of thermal energy from fusion, for periods of up to an hours. However, it remains for the world, and in particular the US, to decide if we will develop fusion into a practical energy source. We will need it." (Physics Today, Volume 65, Issue 2, February 2012)Table of ContentsPreface.- Prologue.- The Evidence for Climate Change.- The Future of Energy I: Fossil Fuels.- The Future of Energy II: Renewable Energy.- Fusion: Energy from the Seawater.- Perfecting the Magnetic Bottle.- The Remarkable Tokamak.- Evolution and Physics of the Tokamak.- A Half-century of Progress.- Engineering: The Big Challenge.- Fusion Concepts for the Future.- Conclusions.- Epilogue.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDeepen Your Students' Understanding of Oscillations through Interactive ExperimentsSimulations of Oscillatory Systems: with Award-Winning Software, Physics of Oscillations provides a hands-on way of visualizing and understanding the fundamental concepts of the physics of oscillations. Both the textbook and software are designed as exploration-oriented supplements for courses in general physics and the theory of oscillations.The book is conveniently structured according to mathematical complexity. Each chapter in Part I contains activities, questions, exercises, and problems of varying levels of difficulty, from straightforward to quite challenging. Part II presents more sophisticated, highly mathematical material that delves into the serious theoretical background for the computer-aided study of oscillations.The software package allows students to observe the motion of linear and nonlinear mechanical oscillatory sTrade Review"... provides a hands-on way of visualizing and understanding the fundamental concepts of the physics of oscillations. ... conveniently structured according to mathematical complexity. Each chapter in Part I contains activities, questions, exercises, and problems of varying levels of difficulty, from straightforward to quite challenging. Part II presents more sophisticated, highly mathematical material that delves into the serious theoretical background for the computer-aided study of oscillations. The software package allows students to observe the motion of linear and nonlinear mechanical oscillatory systems and to obtain plots of the variables that describe the systems along with phase diagrams and plots of energy transformations. These computer simulations provide clear, vivid illustrations of oscillations in various physical systems, bringing to life many abstract concepts, developing students' physical intuition, and complementing the analytical study of the subject. Students can investigate phenomena that would otherwise be difficult to study in a more conventional manner. Exceptionally well written, organized and presented ... an ideal textbook for university-level physics curriculums and academic library reference collections."—Midwest Book Review, April 2015Table of ContentsIntroduction. Oscillations in Simple Systems: Free Oscillations of a Linear Oscillator. Torsion Spring Oscillator with Dry Friction. Forced Oscillations in a Linear System. Square-Wave Excitation of a Linear Oscillator. Parametric Excitation of Oscillations. Sinusoidal Modulation of the Parameter. Nonlinear Oscillations: Free Oscillations of the Rigid Pendulum. Rigid Planar Pendulum under Sinusoidal Forcing. Pendulum with a Square-Wave Modulated Length. Rigid Pendulum with Oscillating Pivot. Torsion Pendulum with Dry and Viscous Damping. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpace weather is one of the most significant natural hazards to human life and health. Conditions of the sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems. If conditions in the space environment are adverse, they can cause disruption of satellite operations, communications, navigation, and electric power distribution grids, leading to a variety of socioeconomic losses. This book provides an overview of our current knowledge and theoretical understanding of space weather formation and covers all major topics of this phenomena, from the sun to the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere, thus providing a fully updated review of this rapidly advancing field. The book brings together an outstanding team of internationally recognised contributors to cover topics such as solar wind, the earth''s magnetic field, radiation belts, the aurora, spacecraft charging,Table of ContentsSpace Weather Drivers. Sun. Solar Wind. Earth’s Magnetic Field. Solar Wind Magnetosphere Interaction. The Magnetosheath and its Boundaries. Magnetic Reconnection. Magnetospheric Electric Fields and Current Systems. Geomagnetic Tail-Inner Magnetosphere Coupling. Ring Current. Radiation Belts. Plasmasphere. Polar Wind. "Imaging" the Aurora: Understanding Space Weather in the Upper Atmosphere. Ionospheric Electrodynamics. Simulating Space Weather. Space Weather and the Extra-Terrestrial Planets. Space Weather Applications. Spacecraft Charging. Orbital Drag. Space Weather Effects on Communication and Navigation.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe present review book by Prof., Dr. Lev I. Dorman, Plasmas and Energetic Processes in Geomagnetosphere reflects the development of the geomagnetospheres research and applications for the last few decades. The importance and actuality of geomagnetosphere research are based on the following three factors: 1. The geomagnetosphere is the nearest giant natural laboratory, where it is possible via satellites and ground measurements to investigate in detail many different plasmas and energetic processes in space, which are caused by an interaction of high kinetic energy solar wind plasmas and its perturbations (Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections - ICMEs, Interplanetary Shock Waves ISWs, Interplanetary Interaction Regions IIR), including those frozen in the Interplanetary Magnetic Fields (IMF) with the rotated main geomagnetic field. This interaction leads to the dynamic transformation of magnetic fields in the geomagnetosphere, generation and trapping of high energy particles (which are known as Magnetospheric Cosmic Rays MCR), and the generation of many types of instabilities and electromagnetic radiations. These processes are in principle similar to processes in magnetospheres of other planets and their moons, in the atmosphere of the sun and other stars, in interplanetary and in interstellar space, and in many different astrophysical objects. This research is an important basis for fundamental space and astrophysical science. 2. Today, technology, economics, navigation, TV, Internet, radio connections, military aspects, and the life of people on our planet are strongly connected to the work of many satellites moving inside the geomagnetosphere. Different processes and MCR in the geomagnetosphere influence the satellites work and often lead to satellite malfunctions up to fully destroying their electronics; satellites essentially die in these cases. The described research can be considered as a basis for developing methods of forecasting dangerous situations for satellites in different orbits and to decrease the risk of satellite malfunctions and loss. 3. The interaction of ICME, ISW, and IIR with the geomagnetosphere leads to the generation of big magnetic storms accompanied with a Forbush decrease and precursory effects in Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) intensity. These magnetic storms are dangerous not only to satellites, but also to the Earths surface in terms of technology, radio connections, car accidents, and human health (e.g., increasing the frequency of infarct myocardial and brain strokes). Investigations of causes of magnetic storms can help to develop methods of forecasting and decreasing the level of magnetic storm hazards. Therefore, the other practical application of this research is connected with the problem of space weather and space climate influence on the technology, radio connections, navigation, transportation, and peoples health on the Earth, which is independent of altitude and geomagnetic latitude.

Read more less

Book SynopsisNine studies, translated from the Russian, treat topics of interest in plasma physics, including the plasma-flare conversion of intense radiation energy, the acceleration of ions in an inhomogeneous microwave discharge plasma, and potential jumps in a plasma and plasma energy conversion. The English is a bit mixed up now and then, but usually compr

Read more less

Book SynopsisPhysics of Ionized Gases

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdvances in Plasma Physics Research

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdvances in Plasma Physics Research

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdvances in Plasma Physics Research

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents state-of-the-art analysis of developments in plasma physics.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis series includes within its scope equilibria, linear waves, and instabilities; nonlinear behaviour, including turbulent and stochastic phenomena and associated transport, and solitons and shock waves. It also includes plasma physics of lasers and particle beams and charged-particle acceleration and transport as well as radiation generation, transport, propagation, and interaction with plasmas. Low-temperature plasmas, including sources. plasma chemistry and processing and covered as are geophysical, planetary, solar, and astrophysical plasmas and plasma confinement by magnetic fields. Inertial confinement physics, the physics of dense plasmas or matter under extreme conditions and dusty plasmas are further subsumed. This volumes includes the latest research from around the globe.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this new book, an interdisciplinary and international team of experts provides an exploration of the emerging plasma science that is poised to make the plasma technology a reality in the manufacturing sector. The research presented here will stimulate new ideas, methods, and applications in the field of plasma science and nanotechnology.Plasma technology applications are being developed that could impact the global market for power, electronics, mineral, and other fuel commodities. Currently, plasma science is described as a revolutionary discipline in terms of its possible impact on industrial applications. It offers potential solutions to many problems using emerging techniques. In this book the authors provide a broad overview of recent trends in field plasma science and nanotechnology. Divided into several parts, Plasma and Fusion Science: From Fundamental Research to Technological Applications explores some basic plasma applications and research, space and atmospheric plasma, nuclear fusion, and laser plasma and industrial applications of plasma. A wide variety of cutting-edge topics are covered, including:• basic plasma physics• computer modeling for plasma• exotic plasma (including dusty plasma)• industrial plasma applications• laser plasma• nuclear fusion technology• plasma diagnostics• plasma processing• pulsed power• space astrophysical plasma• plasma and nanotechnologyPointing to current and possible future developments in plasma science and technology, the diverse research presented here will be valuable for researchers, scientists, industry professionals, and others involved in the revolutionary field of plasma and fusion science.Table of ContentsPlasma Treatment of Powder and Granulates. Plasma Dynamical Devices (Review of Fundamental Results and Applications). Conceptual Design of a Permanent Ring Magnet-Based Helicon Plasma Source. Solitary Wave Solutions of Modified Kadomstev-Petviashivili Equation for Hot Adiabatic Dusty Plasma Having Non-Thermal Ions with Trapped Electrons. Global Transition from Drift Wave Dominated Regimes to Multi-Instability Plasma Dynamics and Simultaneous Formation of a Radial Transport. Magnetic Drift and Its Effect on Cross-Field Diffusion Process.On the Effect of Base Pressure upon Plasma Containment. Ion-Acoustic Dressed Solitons on Electron-Positron-Ion Plasma with Nonisothermal Electrons. Arbitrary Amplitude Kinetic Alfven Solitary Waves in a Plasma with Two-Temperature Electrons.Nonlinear Dust Kinetic Alfvén Waves in a Dust–Ion Plasma with Ions Following Q-Non-Extensive Velocity Distribution. Study Generation of Pulsed High Current with Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor. Effect of Radio Frequency Power on Magnetron Sputtered TiO2 Thin Films. Stability of Kinetic Alfven Wave (KAW) in a Cometary Plasma with Streaming Electrons and Protons. External Magnetic Field Effect on Absorption of Surface Plasma Waves by Metal Nano-Particles. Plasma Waves beyond the Solar System. Jeans Instability of a Self-Gravitating Viscous Molecular Cloud Under the Influence of Finite Electron Inertia, Hall Effect, Fine Dust Particles and Rotation. Structural Fabrication: Study of Infrastructure Facilities Required to Convert Concept to Reality. DAC-Controlled Voltage Variable RF Attenuator for Generating RF Pulses of Different Shapes and Amplitudes for RF-ICRH System. Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Cycle on SS/CRZ Brazed Joint Sample. Design and Test Results of a 200kV, 15mA High Voltage DC Test Generator. Design, Development and Testing of WaterpBased Co-Axial Blumlein Pulse Generator. Optimization of MgB2-Brass Joint Resistance for SST-1 Superconducting Magnet Current Leads. Studies on Effect of Gaseous Quenching Media on Performance of Electrically Exploded Foils. Particle Acceleration by Whistler Pulse in High Density Plasma. Generation of Terahertz Radiations by Flat Top Laser Pulses in Modulated Density Plasmas. Surface Modification of High Density Polyethylene and Polycarbonate by Atmospheric Pressure Cold Argon/Oxygen Plasma Jet. Optical Imaging of SST-1 Plasma. Pulsed Electrical Exploding Wire For Production of Nanopowders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpheromaks are easily formed, self-organized magnetized plasma configurations that have intrigued plasma physicists for over two decades. Sometimes called magnetic vortices, magnetic smoke rings, or plasmoids, spheromaks first attracted attention as a possible controlled thermonuclear plasma confinement scheme, but are now known to have many other applications.This book begins with a review of the basic concepts of magnetohydrodynamics and toroidal magnetic configurations, then provides a detailed exposition of the 3D topological concepts underlying spheromak physics, namely magnetic helicity, Taylor relaxation, force-free equilibria, and tilt stability. It then examines spheromak formation techniques, driven and isolated configurations, dynamo concepts, practical experimental issues, diagnostics, and a number of applications. The book concludes by showing how spheromak ideas are closely related to the physics of solar prominences and interplanetary magnetic clouds.Table of ContentsBasic concepts; magnetic helicity; relaxation of an isolated configuration to the Taylor State; relaxation in driven configurations; the MHD energy principle, helicity, and Taylor States; survey of spheromak formation schemes; classification of regimes - an imperfect analogy to thermodynamics; analysis of isolated cylindrical spheromaks; the role of the wall; analysis of driven spheromaks - strong coupling; helicity flow and dynamos; confinement and transport in spheromaks; some important practical issues; basic diagnostics for spheromaks; applications of spheromaks; solar and space phenomena related to speromaks.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of plasma catalysis, regarded as a promising alternative to thermal processes for energy and environmental applications. It bridges the gap between the plasma and catalysis research communities, covering both the fundamentals of plasma catalysis and its application in environmental and energy research. The first section of the book offers a broad introduction to plasma catalysis, covering plasma-catalyst systems, interactions, and modeling. The core of the book then focuses on different applications, describing a wide range of plasma-catalytic processes in catalyst synthesis, environmental clean-up, greenhouse gas conversion and synthesis of materials for energy applications. Chapters cover topics ranging from removal of NOx and VOCs to conversion of methane, carbon dioxide and the reforming of ethanol and methanol.Written by a group of world-leading researchers active in the field, the book forms a valuable resource for scientists, engineers and students with different research backgrounds including plasma physics, plasma chemistry, catalysis, energy, environmental engineering, electrical engineering and material engineering.Table of Contents

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is based on Valery Zagrebaev's original papers and lecture materials on nuclear physics with heavy ions, which he prepared and extended through many years for the students of nuclear physics specialties.Thе book outlines the main experimental facts on nuclear reactions involving heavy ions at low energies. It focuses on discussions of nuclear physics processes that are a subject of active, modern research and it gives illustrative explanations of these phenomena in the framework of up-to-date theoretical concepts.This textbook is intended for students in physics who have completed a standard course of quantum mechanics and have basic ideas of nuclear physics processes.It is designed as a kind of lifeboat that, at the end of the course, will allow students to navigate the modern scientific literature and to understand the goals and objectives of current, on-going research.Table of Contents1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62. Nuclear interactions and classes of nuclear reaction . . . . . . . . . 122.1. Nucleon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleus interactions, nuclear mean field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2. Nucleus-nucleus interaction: folding and phenomenological potentials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.2.1. Folding potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2.2. Woods-Saxon potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.2.3. Proximity potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2.4. Bass potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2.5. Comparison of diabatic potentials for the nucleus-nucleusinteraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2.6. Dependence of potential energy on nuclear orientation . 232.2.7. Dependence of potential energy on dynamical deformations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.3. Classification of nuclear reactions, experimental procedures, cross sections and kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273. Elastic scattering of nucleons and heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.1. Scattering in a Coulomb field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.2. Elastic scattering of protons and neutrons. Optical model . . . 373.3. Elastic scattering of light ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.4. Applicability of classical mechanics and trajectory analyses . . 453.5. Nuclear rainbow and diffraction scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.6. Elastic scattering of heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564. Quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions and few-nucleon transfer reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.1. Direct process of light-particle transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.2. Distorted-wave description of direct reactions . . . . . . . . . . 614.3. Single-particle states and cluster states, spectroscopic factors . 624.4. Inelastic excitation of vibrational and rotational states . . . . . 654.5. Quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.6. Reactions of few-nucleon transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745. Deep-inelastic scattering of nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.1. Experimental systematics of deep-inelastic scattering and quasifission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.2. Potential energy of heavy nuclear systems, diabatic and adiabatic driving potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.2.1. Nucleon transfer and driving potentials . . . . . . . . . 855.2.2. Macro-microscopic model and the adiabatic potential energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865.3. Transport equations for deep-inelastic nuclear collisions: Frictional forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.4. Calculation of deep-inelastic cross sections . . . . . . . . . . . 965.5. Analysis of deep-inelastic scattering and quasi-fission . . . . . . 995.6. Multi-nucleon transfer reactions. Synthesis of heavy neutronrich nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046. Fusion of atomic nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136.1. Detecting fission fragments and evaporation residues from the compound nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146.2. Statistical model for the decay of an excited nucleus . . . . . . 1166.3. Fusion at above-barrier energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1256.4. Sub-barrier fusion. Hill–Wheeler formula . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276.5. Coupled channels. Empirical and quantum description of fusion 1296.6. Barrier distribution function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1346.7. Neutron transfer in the process of sub-barrier fusion . . . . . . 1356.8. Synthesis of superheavy elements in fusion reactions . . . . . . 1426.9. Radiative capture of light nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis open access book serves as a concise primer introducing the non-specialist reader to the physics of solar energetic particles (SEP). It systematically reviews the evidence for the two main mechanisms which lead to the so-called impulsive and gradual SEP events. This second edition contains two completely new chapters discussing element abundances and shock waves, reflecting new theoretical, modeling, and observational results. Existing chapters have been substantially expanded or updated with additions placed in a broader context.More specifically, the author discusses the timing of the onsets of SEPs, their longitude distributions, their high-energy spectral shapes, their correlations with other solar phenomena, as well as the all-important elemental and isotopic abundances. The book relates impulsive SEP events to magnetic reconnection in solar flares and jets. The concept of shock acceleration by scattering on self-amplified Alfvén waves is introduced, as is the evidence of reacceleration of impulsive-SEP material in the seed population accessed by the shocks in gradual events. The text then develops processes of transport of ions out to an observer. Finally, a technique to determine the source plasma temperature in both impulsive and gradual events is demonstrated.The author also mentions the role of SEP events as a radiation hazard in space and briefly discusses the nature of the main particle telescope designs that have contributed to most of the SEP measurements.Trade Review“Donald V. Reames presents a clear contemporary account of observational and theoretical studies of the principal families of solar energetic particles (SEPs) … . A delightful sense that this lively presentation is drawn from Reames’ decades of experimental investigations of SEPs pervades the book. … This excellent primer by Reames is a thorough account of SEP events with parallel discussions of the solar wind. It deserves to be read by stellar astronomers.” (David L. Lambert, The Observatory, Vol. 142 (1287), April, 2022)Table of Contents

Read more less