Plasma physics Books

Book Synopsis''This book is an important contribution, and I hope it will open many minds. What is particularly important in it are the discussions of David Bohm, of bioplasma, biophotons, and bioelectronics.'' - PROFESSOR ZBIGNIEW WOLKOWSKI, Sorbonne University, ParisAnswers so many questions, scientific and esoteric, about the true nature of our reality... A seminal work... Will revolutionise how we frame reality and the thinking of everyone on this planet. Kudos to Professor Temple for striking the first match to light the fire. - NEW DAWNThe story of the science of plasma and its revolutionary implications for the way we understand the universe and our place in it.Histories of science in the 20th century have focused on relativity and quantum mechanics. But, quietly in the background, there has been a third area of exploration which has equally important implications for our understanding of the universe. It is unknown to the general public despite the fact tha

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book gives an accessible overview of the 70-year history of nuclear fusion research and the vain attempts to construct an energy-generating nuclear fusion reactor. It shows that even in the most optimistic scenario nuclear fusion, despite the claims of its proponents and the billions being spent on research, will not be able to make a sizable contribution to the energy mix in this century. The important consequence is that nuclear fusion will not be a factor in combating climate change, since the race for carbon-free energy will have been won or lost long before the first nuclear fusion power station comes on line. Table of ContentsPreface.- What is nuclear fusion?.- Stellar processes and quantum mechanics.- Nuclear fusion of light elements.- Plasma.- Plasma in nuclear fusion devices.- Early history and declassification.- Birth of the tokamak.- The tokamak stampede and further developments.- The Big Tokamaks: TFTR, JET, JT-60.- The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.- Problems, problems, problems….- Post-ITER: Demo and fusion power plants.- Spherical tokamaks.- Stellarators and other alternative approaches.- Privately funded research.- Criticism of the fusion enterprise.- Economics and sustainability.- Environment and safety.- Summary and final conclusion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe beautiful aurorae, or northern lights, are the stuff of legends. The ancient stories of the Sami people warn that if you mock the lights they will seize you, and their mythical appeal continues to capture the hearts and imagination of people across the globe.Aurora explores the visual beauty, ancient myths and science of the northern lights and challenges the popular theory of how the lights are formed. Plasma physicist Melanie Windridge explains this extraordinary and evocative phenomenon, a scientific marvel unlike any other in which the powers of astronomy, geology, magnetism and atomic physics combine to create one of the wonders of the natural world.As Melanie travels in search of the perfect aurora, she uncovers the scientific realities of this plasmic phenomenon full of natural power. She combines the science behind the lights with a fascinating travelogue as she pursues the aurora across the northern hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to Scotland.Trade Review‘Captivating’ Nature ‘Spell-binding … a brilliant blend of auroral science, polar exploration, Sami heritage and folklore … full of wonders.’ The Simple Things ‘Her greatest strength is her ability to illuminate science for the lay person.’ Literary Review ‘Her enthusiasm for all things aurora is, ultimately, infectious and there will be something of interest here for anyone with even a passing curiosity in this remarkable natural phenomenon’ The Times Literary Supplement

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis monograph contains all aspects of plasma physics for plasma confinement in stellarator and heliotron devices. Present achievements and prospects for next generation devices are included.Trade ReviewFor the laboratory plasma physicist, for whom it is written, this volume will surely be of great value...It is also salutory to be reminded just how sophisticated fusion research as become, driven by the combination of theory and experiment. * Leon Mestel, The Observatory Magazine, Feb 1999 *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Design Principles of Coil Systems in Stellarator and Heliotron Devices ; 3. Description of Magnetically Confined Plasmas ; 4. MHD Equillibrium of Toroidal Plasma in Three-Dimensional Geometry ; 5. MHD Instabilites in Heliotrons ; 6. Particle Orbit in Heliotrons ; 7. Neoclassical Transport in Stellarator/Heliotron ; 8. Heating and Confinement of Heliotron Plasmas ; 9. Steady State Fusion Reactor

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is a coherent and updated comprehensive treatise on the field of atomic physics in hot plasmas, which can be used both for tutorial and professional purposes, and which summarizes the central subjects in the field today.Table of Contents1. Modeling of the ionic potential ; 2. Ionic properties in hot plasmas ; 3. Ionic properties and processes in hot plasmas ; 4. The charge and excited state distributions in hot plasmas ; 5. The emission spectrum and its components ; 6. Spectral line broadening ; 7. The emission spectrum as a means of plasma diagnostics ; 8. Radiation absorbing processes and radiation transport ; 9. Applications

Read more less

Book SynopsisDeals with the propagation and absorption of high frequency waves in plasmas (hot fully ionized gases), a subject on which work is very active in controlled fusion research and in astrophysics. This book could therefore be useful as a source for courses on electromagnetism or classical kinetic theory at a medium to advanced level.Trade ReviewThis well organised text on hot plasma theory is written for fusion physicists researching high frequency heating and current drive.Table of ContentsPreface ; Index ; Introduction ; 1. Plasma Electrodynamics ; 2. Elementary plasma kinetic theory ; 3. The hot plasma dielectric tensor ; 4. Waves in cold plasma ; 5. Waves in hot plasma ; 6. The electrostatic and fluid approximations ; 7. Linear wave-particle interactions ; 8. Collisionless stochacity ; 9. Quasilinear theory and current drive ; 10. Nonlinear effects associated with H.F. Heating

Read more less

Book SynopsisGives a physical treatment of the kinetic theory of gases and magnetoplasmas, using mean-free-path arguments when possible and identifying problem areas where received theory has either failed or fallen short of expectations. L.C. Woods has also written "The Thermodynamics of Fluid Systems".Trade Reviewthe book presents a treatment of the kinetic theory of gases and magnetoplasmas in such a way that it covers the standard material in a way as simple as possible .,.. The book seems to radiate a deep conviction - which is appreciated by the reviewer - that the development of the kinetic theory needs not only calculational skills and computational magic in evaluating the content of the theory in model arrangements, but equally, if not in excess, deep insight into the physical processes. * I. Abonyi, Besprechungsbelege, February 1994 *Table of Contents1. Basic concepts ; 2. The Maxwellian velocity distribution ; 3. Elementary kinetic theory ; 4. Particle diffusion ; 5. Intermediate kinetic theory ; 6. Advanced kinetic theory ; 7. Boltzmann's kinetic equation ; 8. Second-order kinetic theory ; 9. Dynamics of charged particles ; 10. Kinetic theory for magnetoplasmas ; 11. Transport across strong magnetic fields ; Appendix ; References ; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten by the world s leading experts, this book focuses major topics like the physics required to develop novel plasma discharges for medical applications, the medicine to apply the technology, and the biology to understand complicated bio-chemical processes involved in plasma interaction with living tissues.Table of ContentsPreface xv Acknowledgements xvii 1 Introduction to Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Plasma Medicine 1 1.1 Plasma medicine as a novel branch of medical technology 1 1.2 Why plasma can be a useful tool in medicine 4 1.3 Natural and man-made, completely and weakly ionized plasmas 5 1.4 Plasma as a non-equilibrium multi-temperature system 7 1.5 Gas discharges as plasma sources for biology and medicine 9 1.6 Plasma chemistry as the fundamental basis of plasma medicine 13 1.7 Non-thermal plasma interaction with cells and living tissues 14 1.8 Applied plasma medicine 15 2 Fundamentals of Plasma Physics and Plasma Chemistry for Biological and Medical Applications 19 2.1 Elementary plasma generation processes 19 2.2 Excited species in plasma medicine: Excitation, relaxation and dissociation of neutral particles in plasma 31 2.3 Elementary plasma-chemical reactions of excited neutrals and ions 39 2.4 Plasma statistics, thermodynamics, and transfer processes 46 2.5 Plasma kinetics: Energy distribution functions of electrons and excited atoms and molecules 58 2.6 Plasma electrodynamics 68 3 Selected Concepts in Biology and Medicine for Physical Scientists 81 3.1 Molecular basis of life: Organic molecules primer 81 3.2 Function and classification of living forms 96 3.3 Cells: Organization and functions 97 3.4 Overview of anatomy and physiology 124 4 Major Plasma Disharges and their Applicability for Plasma Medicine 165 4.1 Electric breakdown and steady-state regimes of non-equilibrium plasma discharges 165 4.2 Glow discharge and its application to biology and medicine 177 4.3 Arc discharge and its medical applications 191 4.4 Radio-frequency and microwave discharges in plasma medicine 208 4.5 Coronas, DBDs, plasma jets, sparks and other non-thermal atmospheric-pressure streamer discharges 232 4.6 Discharges in liquids 253 5 Mechanisms of Plasma Interactions with Cells 269 5.1 Main interaction stages and key players 269 5.2 Role of plasma electrons and ions 272 5.3 Role of UV, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and water 276 5.4 Biological mechanisms of plasma interaction for mammalian cells 281 6 Plasma Sterilization of Different Surfaces and Living Tissues 293 6.1 Non-thermal plasma surface sterilization at low pressures 293 6.2 Surface microorganism inactivation by non-equilibrium high-pressure plasma 295 6.3 Plasma species and factors active for sterilization 304 6.4 Physical and biochemical effects of atmospheric-pressure air plasma on microorganisms 313 6.5 Animal and human living tissue sterilization 320 6.6 Generated active species and plasma sterilization of living tissues 324 6.7 Deactivation/destruction of microorganisms due to plasma sterilization: Are they dead or just scared to death? 329 7 Plasma Decontamination ofWater and Air Streams 339 7.1 Non-thermal plasma sterilization of air streams 339 7.2 Direct and indirect effects in non-thermal plasma deactivation of airborne bacteria 347 7.3 Non-thermal plasma in air-decontamination: Air cleaning from SO2 and NOx 353 7.4 Non-thermal plasma decontamination of air from volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions 361 7.5 Plasma desinfection and sterilization of water 378 8 Plasma Treatment of Blood 389 8.1 Plasma-assisted blood coagulation 389 8.2 Effect of non-thermal plasma on improvement of rheological properties of blood 395 9 Plasma-assisted Healing and Treatment of Diseases 403 9.1 Wound healing and plasma treatment of wounds 403 9.2 Treatment of inflammatory dysfunctions 418 9.3 Plasma treatment of cancer 422 9.4 Plasma applications in dentistry 428 9.5 Plasma surgery 433 10 Plasma Pharmacology 435 10.1 Non-thermal plasma treatment of water 435 10.2 Deionized water treatment with DBD in different gases: Experimental setup 436 10.3 Deionized water treatment with DBD in different gases: Results and discussion 438 10.4 Enhanced antimicrobial effect due to organic components dissolved in water 442 10.5 Summary 446 11 Plasma-assisted Tissue Engineering and Plasma Processing of Polymers 447 11.1 Regulation of biological properties of medical polymer materials 447 11.2 Plasma-assisted cell attachment and proliferation on polymer scaffolds 448 11.3 Plasma-assisted tissue engineering in control of stem cells and tissue regeneration 451 11.4 Plasma-chemical polymerization of hydrocarbons and formation of thin polymer films 453 11.5 Interaction of non-thermal plasma with polymer surfaces 461 References 483 Index 497

Read more less

Book SynopsisGlow discharge devices are being used in novel ways for the analysis of liquids and gases, including molecular species detection and identification. This volume includes chapters which deal with both basic and highly complex applications.Trade Review"...very valuable for those interested in this rapidly expanding and diagnostically important area." Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol. 125, NO. 39Table of ContentsPreface xi List of Contributors xiii 1 Introduction 1 R. K. Marcus and J. A. C. Broekaert 1.1 Rationale 1 1.2 Glow Discharge Devices: Basic Operating Principles 3 1.3 Glow Discharge Devices: Scope of Application 6 1.4 Volume Outline 7 1.5 References 12 2 Optical Emission Spectrometry with Glow Discharges 15 J. A. C. Broekaert 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Glow Discharges 16 2.3 Atomic Emission Spectrometry 36 2.4 Material Ablation 49 2.5 Analyses with Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry 55 2.6 Other Methods of Analysis and Outlook 63 2.7 References 67 3 Mass Spectrometry of Glow Discharges 71 W. W. Harrison, C. Yang and E. Oxley 3.1 Introduction 71 3.2 Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry 75 3.3 Instrumentation 82 3.4 Qualitative Considerations 91 3.5 Quantitative Analysis 92 3.6 Conclusions 95 3.7 References 95 4 Radio Frequency Glow Discharges 97 R. K. Marcus 4.1 Introduction 97 4.2 Radio Frequency Glow Discharge (rf-GD) Operation Principles 99 4.3 Comparisons with dc-Powered Glow Discharge Sources 101 4.4 Instrumentation 106 4.5 Analytical Applications 112 4.6 Summary 136 4.7 References 136 5 Depth Profile Analysis 141 A. Bengtson 5.1 Introduction 141 5.2 Instrumentation 142 5.3 Practical Aspects and Results 144 5.4 Conclusions 153 5.5 References 154 6 Numerical Modeling of Analytical Glow Discharges 155 A. Bogaerts and R. Gijbels 6.1 Introduction 155 6.2 Description of the Models 157 6.3 Results and Discussion 170 6.4 Conclusion 202 6.5 References 203 7 Application of Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry in the Steel Industry 207 K. Kakita 7.1 Introduction 207 7.2 Measurement Traceability of Coating Weight and Chemical Composition by GD-OES 208 7.3 Method of Coating Analysis by GD-OES 209 7.4 Depth Profiles of Coatings by GD-OES 213 7.5 Factors Affecting Depth Profiles 217 7.6 Validation and Verification of Calibration Graphs 225 7.7 References 229 8 Surfaces, Thin Films and Coatings 231 R. Payling, P. Chapon, K. Shimizu, R. Passetemps, A. Jadin, Y. Bourgeois, K. Crener, M. Aeberhard and J. Michler 8.1 Introduction 231 8.2 Surfaces 232 8.3 Thin Films 238 8.4 Coatings 243 8.5 Conclusions 251 8.6 Acknowledgements 251 8.7 References 251 9 Comparison of Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry with Other Surface Analysis Methods 253 K. Wagatsuma 9.1 Introduction 253 9.2 Surface Analysis Methods Competitive with Glow Discharge Spectrometry 256 9.3 Analytical Examples 263 9.4 References 272 10 Analysis of Samples of Nuclear Concern with Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry 273 M. Betti 10.1 Introduction 273 10.2 Instrumentation 274 10.3 Practical Aspects and Results 277 10.4 Conclusions 288 10.5 Acknowledgements 289 10.6 References 290 11 Analysis of Nonconducting Materials by dc Glow Discharge Spectrometry 293 A. Bogaerts, W. Schelles and R. Van Grieken 11.1 Introduction 293 11.2 Use of a Conducting Host Matrix 294 11.3 Use of a Conducting Secondary Cathode 301 11.4 Conclusion 311 11.5 References 314 12 Standards and Reference Materials for Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 317 M. R. Winchester 12.1 Introduction 317 12.2 Practical Aspects 318 12.3 Conclusions 331 12.4 References 332 13 Analysis of Liquid Samples Using Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 335 R. K. Marcus 13.1 Introduction 335 13.2 Instrumentation 336 13.3 Practical Aspects and Applications 341 13.4 References 360 14 GC Speciation with GDMS Detection 363 J. A. Caruso and L. Milstein 14.1 Introduction 363 14.2 Elemental Speciation 364 14.3 Instrumentation 364 14.4 Practical Aspects and Results 370 14.5 Conclusions 378 14.6 References 379 15 Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Analysis of Gases and as an Alternative Gas Chromatographic Detector 381 R. Pereiro, N. G. Orellana-Velado and A. Sanz-Medel 15.1 Introduction 381 15.2 Instrumentation for the Analysis of Gases and Gas Chromatographic Detection by GD-AES 386 15.3 Practical Aspects and Results 392 15.4 Conclusions 399 15.5 References 399 16 Low-pressure Inductively Coupled Plasmas 401 H. Evans 16.1 Introduction 401 16.2 Fundamentals 403 16.3 Instrumentation 407 16.4 Practical Aspects and Results 416 16.5 Conclusions 430 16.6 References 430 17 Multidimensional Ionization Sources for Plasma-source Mass Spectrometry 435 J. P. Guzowski, Jr and G. M. Hieftje 17.1 Introduction 435 17.2 Tandem Sources in PSMS 437 17.3 Multipurpose Ionization Sources for PSMS 441 17.4 Conclusions 463 17.5 Acknowledgments 463 17.6 References 464 Index 469

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis authoritative volume gives a comprehensive overview of magnetic reconnection. Providing a lucid introduction to the theory, and a wide-ranging review of its applications, it is ideal for graduate students and researchers in solar physics, astrophysics, plasma physics and space science.Trade Review'Solar and stellar flares, geomagnetic sub-storms and tokamak (toroidal magnetic chamber) disruptions are amongst the most dynamic reconnection phenomena studied today. there are few areas of astrophysics in the broader Universe, too, which do not involve reconnection. Two renowned experts in the field have set out the modern approach to this fascinating and universal topic. Vital reading for students and researchers.' Irish Astronomical Journal'The clear and logical style makes this book an essential introduction for graduate students and an authoritative reference for researchers in solar physics, astrophysics, plasma physics and space science.' Europe & Astronomy'… will provide a very welcome systematization of a vast and tangled literature, whose interrelationships are not always very obvious.' S. W. H. Cowley, Contemporary Physics'This timely book meets a welcome need … [It] provides in a single place an encyclopedic study to which people will be able to refer for yours, to gain an overall picture of the papers published in this field over the past decade or two … a truly valuable contribution to our understanding of reconnection physics.' Russell M. Kulsrud, Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics'Anyone working in one of these fields should at least look at the phenomena described in this book, which offers a wide panorama of reconnection scenarios.' Journal of Plasma Physics'This book, written by two real experts in the field, presents in a clear and logical way an overview of the reconnection process, its theory and applications … an excellent book for graduate students intending to work ion any of these fields, and an indispensable handbook for researchers, solar physicists in particular.' Zdenek Svestka, Solar PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Current-sheet formation; 3. Magnetic annihilation; 4. Steady reconnection: the classical solutions; 5. Steady reconnection: new generation of fast regimes; 6. Unsteady reconnection: the tearing mode; 7. Unsteady reconnection: other approaches; 8. Reconnection in three dimensions; 9. Laboratory applications; 10. Magnetospheric applications; 11. Solar applications; 12. Astrophysical applications; 13. Particle acceleration; References; Appendices; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis unified introduction provides the tools and techniques needed to analyze plasmas and connects plasma phenomena to other fields of study. Combining mathematical rigor with qualitative explanations, and linking theory to practice with example problems, this is a perfect textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking one-semester introductory courses.Trade Review'I have been teaching introductory plasma physics to senior undergraduates and beginning graduate students for many years, and I find the level of the presentation of material, the order that the topics are presented, and the overall length of the book to be an excellent match for my needs in a textbook.' David Hammer, Cornell University'The authors have done an excellent job in introducing the vast scope of plasma physics for basic plasma physics courses. The schematic illustrations and flow charts used are especially helpful in understanding the complexities involved in the hierarchal nature of plasmas. Mathematics is kept at just the right level for the intended readers and the descriptions of the physical processes are clear. Although this book is targeted to advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students, it will be a good addition to the personal library of every plasma physicist.' Gurudas Ganguli, Naval Research Laboratory'This new book provides an excellent summary of the basic processes occurring in plasmas together with a comprehensive introduction to the mathematical formulation of fluid (MHD) and kinetic theory. It provides an excellent introduction to the subject suitable for senior undergraduate students or entry-level graduate students.' Richard M. Thorne, University of California, Los AngelesTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Single particle motion; 3. Kinetic theory of plasmas; 4. Moments of the Boltzmann equation; 5. Multiple fluid theory of plasmas; 6. Single fluid theory of plasmas: magnetohydrodynamics; 7. Collisions and plasma conductivity; 8. Plasma diffusion; 9. Introduction to waves in plasmas; 10. Waves in cold magnetized plasmas; 11. Effects of collisions, ions and finite temperature on waves in magnetized plasmas; 12. Waves in hot plasmas; 13. Plasma sheath and the Langmuir probe; Appendix A. Derivation of second moment of the Boltzmann equation; Appendix B. Useful vector identities.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA comprehensive introduction for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. This text covers basic theory, and develops it to illustrate some of the specialised topics in current physics, applied mathematics, astrophysics and engineering. It includes exercises throughout, and will also appeal to research physicists, nuclear and electrical engineers.Trade Review'The book provides a comprehensive and refreshing view of plasmas concentrating on the physical interpretation of plasma phenomena.' CERN Courier'This book is so well-structured and excellently written that it is a joy to read. It is highly recommended and it should become a classic just like its predecessor.' Journal of Plasma Physics'This is a mature and coherent text.' American Journal of Physics'Advanced undergraduate and graduate students of physics, applied mathematics, astronomy and engineering will find a clear but rigorous explanation of the fundamental properties of plasmas with minimal mathematical formality. This book will also appeal to research physicists, nuclear and electrical engineers.' Zentralblatt MATHTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Particle orbit theory; 3. Macroscopic equations; 4. Ideal magnetohydrodynamics; 5. Resistive magnetohydrodynamics; 6. Waves in unbounded homogeneous plasmas; 7. Collisionless kinetic theory; 8. Collisional kinetic theory; 9. Plasma radiation; 10. Non-linear plasma physics; 11. Aspects of inhomogeneous plasmas; 12. The classical theory of plasmas; Appendices; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis rigorous explanation of plasmas is relevant to diverse plasma applications. More thorough than previous texts, it exploits new powerful techniques to develop deeper insights into plasma behavior. Written for advanced students, it explores a host of essential and advanced topics while emphasizing the fundamentals that apply to all plasmas.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'A conscientious and elegantly produced textbook … single-particle orbit theory and linearized waves in unbounded plasma are particularly well done … A lot can be learned from it. Picking up the text and reading it at random is often rewarding.' D. C. Montgomery, Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics'Gives an exceptionally lucid and compelling overview of recent progress in this broad branch of physics. The unique organization of the book and straightforward writing style reflect the extensive teaching background of the author … A welcome addition to the library of both the expert and the newcomer to the field.' Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics'The book will undoubtedly be valued by those doing postgraduate work in this field, for whom it provides a useful bridge to the scientific literature. It is also highly recommended to researchers looking to widen their horizons to other areas of plasma physics outside their area of expertise.' Zulfikar Najmudin, The Times Higher Education SupplementTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Basic concepts; 2. The Vlasov, two-fluid, and MHD models of plasma dynamics; 3. Motion of a single plasma particle; 4. Elementary plasma waves; 5. Streaming instabilities and the Landau problem; 6. Cold plasma waves in a magnetized plasma; 7. Waves in inhomogeneous plasmas and wave energy relations; 8. Vlasov theory of warm electrostatic waves in a magnetized plasma; 9. MHD equilibria; 10. Stability of static MHD equilibria; 11. Magnetic helicity interpreted and Woltjer–Taylor relaxation; 12. Magnetic reconnection; 13. Fokker–Planck theory of collisions; 14. Wave-particle nonlinearities; 15. Wave-wave nonlinearities; 16. Non-neutral plasmas; 17. Dusty plasmas; Appendix A. Intuitive method for vector calculus identities; Appendix B. Vector calculus in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates; Appendix C. Frequently used physical constants and formulae; Bibliography; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA good working knowledge of fluid mechanics and plasma physics is essential for the modern astrophysicist. This graduate textbook provides a clear, pedagogical introduction to these core subjects. Assuming an undergraduate background in physics, this book develops fluid mechanics and plasma physics from first principles. This book is unique because it presents neutral fluids and plasmas in a unified scheme, clearly indicating both their similarities and their differences. Also, both the macroscopic (continuum) and microscopic (particle) theories are developed, establishing the connections between them. Throughout, key examples from astrophysics are used, though no previous knowledge of astronomy is assumed. Exercises are included at the end of chapters to test the reader's understanding. This textbook is aimed primarily at astrophysics graduate students. It will also be of interest to advanced students in physics and applied mathematics seeking a unified view of fluid mechanics and plaTrade Review'I'd not hesitate to recommend [this] book to anybody with an interest in fluids or plasmas … superbly written … [an] original textbook which should quickly become a bestseller.' Uriel Frisch, CNRS, Observatoire de Nice'[This] book provides a comprehensive introduction both to fluid dynamics and to plasma physics, with many astrophysical examples. Here at last is an excellent textbook for a theoretical course, at graduate level, in plasma astrophysics.' Nigel O. Weiss, FRS, University of Cambridge'The text is unique in combining the essential formal calculations with the simple physical concepts to give the reader an intuitive grasp of the dynamical phenomena of the active astonomical universe … The new student, as well as the experienced research worker, will find this textbook useful and instructive.' Eugene Parker, University of Chicago'… it is rare to find a textbook that is such a pleasure to read.' S. M. Tobias, Journal of Fluid Mechanics'This is a delightful book, largely because of the author's evident enthusiasm for the subject. It is a pleasure to find such potentially messy subjects as plasma physics and hydrodynamics presented as a unified whole with the grand themes well brought out. The text is strong on physical insight and clarity of exposition … this is an excellent book … A copy should be available on the bookshelves of every astrophysics research group.' A. R. Bell, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College'This is an excellent book. The author has that rare gift of being able to make a complex subject seem not only straightforward but also fascinating … an absolute bargain at the price.' Moira Jardine, The Observatory'I enjoyed reading this book, and found the author's viewpoints fresh and interesting. He manages to entertain the reader and succeeds in conveying the essentials of the subject simultaneously. It is a rare textbook that is as well written and presented as this.' Current Science'The book is well written, covering quite a large number of topics in a clear and pleasant style which makes enjoyable reading … The student who reads this book will successfully gain a very good understanding of many, often referred to, astrophysical topics.' R. M. Kulsrud, Nuclear FusionTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Neutral Fluids: 2. Boltzmann equation; 3. March towards hydrodynamics; 4. Properties of ideal fluids; 5. Viscous flows; 6. Gas dynamics; 7. Linear theory of waves and instabilities; 8. Turbulence; 9. Rotation and hydrodynamics; Part II. Plasmas: 10. Plasma orbit theory; 11. Dynamics of many charged particles; 12. Collisionless processes in plasmas; 13. Collisional processes and the one-fluid model; 14. Basic magnetohydrodynamics; 15. Theory of magnetic topologies; 16. Dynamo theory; Appendices: A. Useful vector relations; B. Integrals in kinetic theory; C. Formulae and equations in cylindrical and spherical coordinates; D. Values of various quantities; E. Basic parameters pertaining to plasmas; Suggestions for further reading; References.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis text provides a comprehensive treatment of collisional transport theory, a topic central to the field of theoretical plasma physics. Students, theoreticians and experimentalists in both fusion and space plasma physics will benefit from this book, which emerged from a graduate student level course taught at MIT.Trade Review'… invaluable for space-plasma and astrophysical theorists who have a background knowledge of plasma theory and who wish to understand an important strand of laboratory theory that will have vital implications in future for their fields.' Eric Priest, The Observatory'It is a very welcome addition, indeed asset, to the subject.' Journal of Plasma Physics'It seems that the authors know how to build a bridge between a manual and a research book. This monograph will be useful to advanced graduate students and scientists that are working in plasma physics.' Zentralblatt MATHTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Kinetic and fluid descriptions of a plasma; 3. The collision operator; 4. Plasma fluid equations; 5. Transport of a cylindrical plasma; 6. Particle motion; 7. Toroidal plasma; 8. Transport in toroidal plasmas; 9. Transport in the Pfirsch–Schlüter regime; 10. Transport in the plateau regime; 11. Transport in the banana regime; 12. The moment approach to neoclassical theory; 13. Advanced topics; 14. Experimental evidence for neoclassical transport.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"Kip S. Thorne, Co-Winner of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics""Roger D. Blandford, Co-Winner of the 2016 Crafoord Prize in Astronomy and Winner of the 2020 Shaw Prize in Astronomy"

Read more less

Book SynopsisPresents a general introduction to the laser-aided study of gases and plasmas. This book describes various applications.Trade Review"Professors Muraoka and Maeda are longtime pioneers in laser-aided diagnostics of plasmas and gases. This book provides a wide-ranging unified description of techniques including their principles, applications, and laser hardware. The text can be strongly recommended either for graduate students or for people working in diagnostics of plasmas and gases." - Dr. Jayr de Amorim Filho, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, BrazilTable of ContentsPart I Fundamentals: Laser-aided diagnostics of gases and plasmas. Basic principles of different laser-aided measurement techniques. Hardware for laser measurements. Part II Applications and measurements: Plasma measurements. Combustion measurements. Measurements in gas flow systems. Laser processing measurements. Analytical chemistry. Remote sensing.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe study of plasmas is crucial in improving our understanding of the universe, and they are being increasingly utilised in key technologies such as spacecraft thrusters, plasma medicine, and fusion energy. Providing readers with an easy to follow set of examples that clearly illustrate how simulation codes are written, this book guides readers through how to develop C++ computer codes for simulating plasmas primarily with the kinetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method. This text will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and engineering looking to learn how to put the theory to the test.Features: Provides a step-by-step introduction to plasma simulations with easy to follow examples Discusses the electrostatic and electromagnetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method on structured and unstructured meshes, magnetohydrodynamics (MTable of Contents1. Fundamentals. 2. Plasma in a box. 3. Flow Around a Sphere. 4. Material Interactions. 5. Symmetry. 6. Unstructured Meshes. 7. Electromagnetic PIC. 8. Eulerian Methods. 9. Parallel Programming.

Read more less

Book SynopsisUnstable Nature is a popular science book offering a journey through the concept of instability in modern science with a focus on physics. Conceived for the curious reader wishing to go deeper in the fascinating and not yet popularised world of instabilities, it provides an immersion into paradoxical and unexpected phenomena - some of which hides in plain sight in our daily lives. The book is written without technical jargon, and new concepts and terminology needed for the narrative are introduced gradually based on examples taken from accessible everyday life. The chapters are connected through a path that starts from exploring instabilities at the planetary scale and then passes through a description of unstable dynamics in macroscopic settings such as in human mechanical artifacts, fluid waves, animal skin, vegetation structures, and chemical reactions, finally reaching the sub atomic scale and the biological processes of human thought. Before concluding with someTrade ReviewUnstable Nature by Auro Michele Perego is a remarkable book, and I don’t think I have ever read a similarly rich overview of this extremely important field. Although we all think we may know what “instability” might mean, physicists have a very precise formalism to study unstable phenomena in nature, and this vision is central to virtually all areas of science: from planetary instabilities to microscopic biology. Yet this is a subject that has not been adequately treated in the popular science literature, and Unstable Nature makes an extremely valuable contribution in making the subject accessible in an attractive and jargon-free way. A key aspect of the book I latched onto immediately was how the scientific study of instability provides truly universal insights that connect different areas of science, and the book underlines this constantly throughout. The style combines clear conceptual discussion, historical and personal anecdote, as well as thought-provoking philosophical discussions which are a delight to read. The author leads an independent research group in nonlinear science at Aston University, and it is a real pleasure to see such an active researcher also take a real interest in science communication. - John Dudley, The FEMTO-ST Institute, January 2024.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Prelude in everyday language. Cosmic instabilities. Cybernetics and control systems. Hydrodynamic instabilities: Chaos and turbulence Modulation instability An act of creation Bifurcations Morphogenesis Instabilities at the atomic scale Quantum vacuum and the origin of perturbations Instabilities in the head Pillars of Hercules Exponential nature Universal forms Riding the future Becoming

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntroducing basic principles of plasma physics and their applications to space, laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, this new edition provides updated material throughout. Topics covered include single-particle motions, kinetic theory, magnetohydrodynamics, small amplitude waves in hot and cold plasmas, and collisional effects. New additions include the ponderomotive force, tearing instabilities in resistive plasmas and the magnetorotational instability in accretion disks, charged particle acceleration by shocks, and a more in-depth look at nonlinear phenomena. A broad range of applications are explored: planetary magnetospheres and radiation belts, the confinement and stability of plasmas in fusion devices, the propagation of discontinuities and shock waves in the solar wind, and analysis of various types of plasma waves and instabilities that can occur in planetary magnetospheres and laboratory plasma devices. With step-by-step derivations and self-contained introductions to mathemaTrade Review'Introduction to Plasma Physics, by Gurnett and Bhattacharjee, has been and with this new addition will continue to be my go-to plasma physics book for my research, and for the graduate course I teach in plasma physics.' L. A. Fisk, University of Michigan'With their second edition, Gurnett and Bhattacharjee have made a good textbook great. For students aspiring to pursue the broad field of plasma physics, this is the book of choice. Relevant examples from space and laboratory plasma physics bring the subject alive. The authors' clear writing is at the right level for advanced undergrads and graduate students and makes understandable the important topical areas of plasma physics.' Michael Mauel, Columbia University, New York'The approach of the book is in-depth and exhaustive. The derivations are detailed, with few 'and then the miracle happens' steps, which makes the book suitable for advanced undergraduates as well as researchers. Together with the meticulous mathematics, the physics is described in an intuitive way, which helps build a clear mental picture of plasma phenomena … I found the writing style refreshingly direct and readable throughout. As an aid to undergraduate teaching, most chapters finish with a problem section, with questions at a variety of levels, and suggestions for further reading … as an introduction to the general underpinning physics of plasma phenomena, it is an excellent book that I can see myself referring to extensively in future.' Stephen Milan, The ObservatoryTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Characteristic parameters of a plasma; 3. Single particle motions; 4. Waves in a cold plasma; 5. Kinetic theory and the moment equations; 6. Magnetohydrodynamics; 7. MHD equilibria and stability; 8. Discontinuities and shock waves; 9. Electrostatic waves in a hot unmagnetized plasma; 10. Waves in a hot magnetized plasma; 11. Nonlinear effects; 12. Collisional processes; Appendix A. Symbols; Appendix B. Useful trigonometric identities; Appendix C. Vector differential operators; Appendix D. Vector calculus identities; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis textbook, derived from courses given by three leading researchers, provides advanced undergraduates and graduates with up-to-date coverage of space physics, from the Sun to the interstellar medium. Clear explanations of the underlying physical processes are presented alongside major new discoveries and knowledge gained from space missions, ground-based observations, theory, and modelling to inspire students. Building from the basics to more complex ideas, the book contains enough material for a two-semester course but the authors also provide suggestions for how the material can be tailored to fit a single semester. End-of-chapter problems reinforce concepts and include computer-based exercises specially developed for this textbook package. Free access to the software is available via the book''s website and enables students to model the behavior of magnetospheric and solar plasma. An extensive glossary recaps new terms and carefully selected further reading sections encourage stuTrade Review'[This book] provides a significant update of scientific material in the rapidly changing field of space plasma physics while maintaining a level appropriate for seniors and beginning graduate students. I look forward to using this text the next time I teach my course.' Mary Hudson, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire'This is a very welcome update, which makes excellent use of recent advances in simulation techniques to illustrate concepts, and each chapter ends with a valuable set of problems, many of which are linked to online resources and applications. I have no doubt that this volume will rapidly become the standard recommended textbook for those teaching both basic and advanced courses in space plasmas.' Christopher Owen, University College London'Space Physics boasts clear and thorough discussions of the physics and phenomenology of our space environment, illustrated by a wealth of diagrams and examples from spacecraft observations. It is an ideal launch pad for students new to space physics with web-based software complementing many of the problems at the end of each chapter, enabling students to explore interactively the physics of our space environment.' Gregory Howes, University of Iowa'Providing a complete and in-depth coverage of space physics, this refreshing new contribution to teaching in space physics is well written, simple and clear. It's an excellent textbook for introductory courses and a valuable reference for any space physics researcher.' Hui Zhang, University of Alaska, Fairbanks'As this is an update to an earlier text published in 1995, some chapters have been thoroughly revised while others replaced but the essence is still the same. The authors have designed it to include all the required material, enough for a two-semester graduate course. Each chapter comes with a set of carefully selected additional readings with reasons why they are of interest given; and problem sets, some of which are in the form of lab exercises that are entirely online. The book does not stop at solar-terrestrial problems; the effects of solar wind on other planets and planetary aurora are discussed as well. Apart from graduate students, other parties that will find it a good investment are new lecturers of advanced undergraduate plasma physics course looking to get their hands on a comprehensive text for their lectures or existing ones needing to update their repertoire.' B. Ishak, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Solar terrestrial physics: the evolution of a discipline; 2. The upper atmosphere and ionosphere; 3. Physics of magnetized plasmas; 4. The Sun and its atmosphere; 5. The solar wind and heliosphere; 6. Collisionless shocks; 7. Solar wind interaction with magnetized obstacles; 8. Plasma interactions with unmagnetized bodies; 9. Solar wind magnetosphere coupling; 10. The terrestrial magnetosphere; 11. The aurora; 12. Planetary magnetospheres; 13. Plasma waves; Appendix 1. Notation, vector identities, and differential operators; Appendix 2. Fundamental constants and plasma parameters of space physics; Appendix 3. Geophysical coordinate transformations; Appendix 4. Time series analysis techniques; Glossary; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis Book s focus and intent is to impart an understanding of the practical application of atmospheric plasma for the advancement of a wide range of current and emerging technologies.Trade Review“This book is recommended to anyone who wishes to acquire the practical and applied aspects of APP technology.” (Surface Innovations, 1 March 2013)Table of ContentsPreface xi 1. Plasma – The Fourth State of Matter 1 1.1 Fundamentals of Plasmas 1 1.2 Thermal vs. Nonthermal Plasmas 6 1.3 Mechanisms for Surfaces Reactions 22 2. Plasmas for Surface Modification 27 2.1 Low-Pressure Plasmas 28 2.2 Microwave Systems 31 2.3 Physical Vapor Deposition Systems 33 2.4 Atmospheric Plasma Systems 42 2.5 Atmospheric Plasma Precursor Deposition Systems 51 3. Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modification Effects 55 3.1 Surface Cleaning 56 3.2 Surface Etching 63 3.3 Surface Functionalization 66 3.4 Grafting and Surface Polymerization Effects 75 4. Characterization Methods of Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modifications 81 4.1 Surface Characterization Techniques 81 4.2 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 82 4.3 Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry by Time-of-Flight (TOF-SIMS) 86 4.4 Atomic Force Microscopy 89 4.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM) 97 4.7 Visual Methodologies 98 5. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Roll-to-Roll Polymeric Surfaces 109 5.1 Material Classifications and Applications 110 5.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 116 5.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 117 6. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Three-Dimensional Polymeric Surfaces 121 6.1 Material Classifications and Applications 125 6.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 129 6.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 135 7. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Textile Surfaces 139 7.1 Material Classifications and Applications 141 7.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 145 7.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 151 8. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Paper Surfaces 155 8.1 Material Classifications and Applications 157 8.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 162 8.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 164 9. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Metal Surfaces 167 9.1 Material Classifications and Applications 168 9.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 173 9.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 177 10. Atmospheric Plasma Surface Antimicrobial Effects 181 10.1 Antimicrobial Surface Effects 183 10.2 Inactivation and Sterilization Methods – Medical 187 10.3 Inactivation and Sterilization Methods – Food 189 11. Economic and Ecological Considerations 195 11.1 Operating Cost Comparison of Atmospheric Plasma Systems 196 11.2 Environmental/Sustainable Advantages 201 12. Emerging and Future Atmospheric Plasma Applications 205 12.1 Solar and Other Alternative Energy Systems 205 12.2 Energy Storage Technologies 211 12.3 Aviation and Aerospace Applications 215 12.4 Electronic Device Fabrication 216 12.5 Air Purification Applications 220 12.6 Medical Engineering 221 13. Economic and Environmental Assessment 225 13.1 Goal and Scope 226 13.2 Functional Units 227 13.3 System Boundaries 230 13.4 Data Documentation 232 13.5 Lifecycle Interpretation 233

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book will help readers understand thermodynamic properties caused by magnetic fields. Providing a concise review of time independent magnetic fields, it goes on to discuss the thermodynamic properties of magnetizing materials of different shapes, and finally, the equilibrium properties of superconductors of different shapes and also of different sizes.Chapters are accompanied by problems illustrating the applications of the principles to optimize and enhance understanding. This book will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers specializing in thermodynamics, solid state physics, magnetism, and superconductivity.Features: The first book to provide comprehensive coverage of thermodynamics in magnetic fields, only previously available, in part, in journal articles Chapters include problems and worked solutions demonstrating real questions in contemporary superconductivity, such as properties of vTrade Review"Kozhevinkov’s book is a succinct and delightfully clear exposition of the fundamental thermodynamic principles underlying magnetic and superconducting materials. Each chapter concludes with a set of problems augmented by worked solutions, which will make the book very suitable for anyone trying to get to grips with this notoriously thorny subject." — Prof. Stephen Blundell, Department of Physics, University of Oxford "The book of Professor Kozhevnikov covers an important chapter of thermodynamics, which is largely underrepresented in the literature. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first monograph which consistently expounds the concepts of thermodynamics of materials in magnetic fields. In particular, it comprehensively addresses an issue of a demagnetizing factor and the forms of thermodynamic potentials appropriate for different sample/field configurations. Significant part of the book is devoted to the superconductivity. It is distinguished in in-depth discussions of not well-covered subjects, such as the intermediate state in type-I superconductors and magnetic properties of type-II materials with non-zero demagnetizing factor. In the first chapter (Elements of magnetostatics in magnetizing media), the author discusses latest achievements in the studies of superconductivity made possible due to the most advanced methods of magnetometry, such as the muon spin rotation spectroscopy. These achievements include (but not limited to) a novel explanation of nucleation of superconductivity at high magnetic field and direct measurements of the field intensity H in type-I superconductors. The book is written in a clear language without mathematical excesses but with an emphasis on the physical meaning of the concepts covered. To illustrate these concepts, all chapters are accompanied by original problems with solutions. This book will definitely appeal to students and instructors/ researchers in Physics, Applied Physics, Chemistry, Material Science, and Electrical Engineering Departments. It can be used as a supplementary text in variety of courses, e.g., thermodynamics, electromagnetism, physics of condensed matter, superconductivity, and statistical physics." — Michail Raikh, Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2019 Table of ContentsIntroduction. 1. Magnetic Fields in Regular Matter. 2. Thermodynamic Potentials In Magnetic Fields. 3. Diamagnetism in Superconductors. 4. Concluding remarks.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFluid Dynamics via Examples and Solutions provides a substantial set of example problems and detailed model solutions covering various phenomena and effects in fluids. The book is ideal as a supplement or exam review for undergraduate and graduate courses in fluid dynamics, continuum mechanics, turbulence, ocean and atmospheric sciences, and related areas. It is also suitable as a main text for fluid dynamics courses with an emphasis on learning by example and as a self-study resource for practicing scientists who need to learn the basics of fluid dynamics.The author covers several sub-areas of fluid dynamics, types of flows, and applications. He also includes supplementary theoretical material when necessary. Each chapter presents the background, an extended list of references for further reading, numerous problems, and a complete set of model solutions.Trade Review"There is no better way to fall in love with a particular subject then to learn it through problem solving. Sergey Nazarenko has created an important resource for mathematics and physics students and young researchers by introducing basics and techniques of fluid dynamics. Anyone involved in teaching fluid dynamics will treasure this book because it provides a clear path to help convey the beauty, elegance, and sophistication of this enticing area of science."—Professor Natalia Berloff, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology"This is an excellent book for fluid dynamics students. It gives a good overview of the theory through a large set of worthy example problems. After many classical textbooks on the subject, there is finally one with solved exercises. I fully appreciate the selection of topics."—Professor Miguel Onorato, Physics Department, University of TorinoTable of ContentsFluid Equations and Different Regimes of Fluid Flows. Conservation Laws in Incompressible Fluid Flows. Fluid with Free Surface. Waves and Instabilities. Boundary Layers. Two-Dimensional Flows. Point Vortices and Point Sources. Turbulence. Compressible Flow. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book Synopsis1. Introduction.- 2. Charged Particle Motion in Constant and Uniform Electromagnetic Fields.- 3. Charged Particle Motion in Nonuniform Magnetostatic Fields.- 4. Charged Particle Motion in Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields.- 5. Elements of Plasma Kinetic Theory.- 6. Average Values and Macroscopic Variables.- 7. The Equilibrium State.- 8. Macroscopic Transport Equations.- 9. Macroscopic Equations for a Conducting Fluid.- 10. Plasma Conductivity and Diffusion.- 11. Some Basic Plasma Phenomena.- 12. Simple Applications of Magnetohydrodynamics.- 13. The Pinch Effect.- 14. Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space.- 15. Magnetohydrodynamic Waves.- 16. Waves in Cold Plasmas.- 17. Waves in Warm Plasmas.- 18. Waves in Hot Isotropic Plasmas.- 19. Waves in Hot Magnetized Plasmas.- 20. Particle Interactions in Plasmas.- 21. The Boltzmann and the Fokker-Planck Equations.- 22. Transport Processes in Plasmas.- Appendix A Useful Vector Relations.- Appendix B Useful Relations in Cartesian and in CurvilineaTrade ReviewFrom the reviews of the third edition: "This is an excellent introductory textbook of plasma physics, especially recommendable to those starting the study of the subject. … the book is an immense monography of 678 pages. Our impressions are good … ." (Iván Abonyi, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1084, 2006)Table of ContentsCONTENTS 1. General Properties of Plasmas 1.1 Definition of a Plasma 1.2 Plasma as the Fourth State of Matter 1.3 Plasma Production 1.4 Particle Interactions and Collective Effects 1.5 Some Basic Plasma Phenomena 2. Criteria for the De.nition of a Plasma 2.1 Macroscopic Neutrality 2.2 Debye Shielding 2.3 The Plasma Frequency 3. The Occurrence of Plasmas in Nature 3.1 The Sun and its Atmosphere 3.2 The Solar Wind 3.3 The Magnetosphere and the Van Allen Radiation Belts 3.4 The Ionosphere 3.5 Plasmas Beyond the Solar System 4. Applications of Plasma Physics 4.1 Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 4.2 The Magnetohydrodynamic Generator 4.3 Plasma Propulsion 4.4 Other Plasma Devices 5. Theoretical Description of Plasma Phenomena 5.1 General Considerations on a Self-Consistent Formulation 5.2 Theoretical Approaches Problems 1. Introduction 2. Energy Conservation 3. Uniform Electrostatic Field 4. Uniform Magnetostatic Field 4.1 Formal Solution of the Equation of Motion 4.2 Solution in Cartesian Coordinates 4.3 Magnetic Moment 4.4 Magnetization Current 5. Uniform Electrostatic and Magnetostatic Fields 5.1 Formal Solution of the Equation of Motion 5.2 Solution in Cartesian Coordinates 6. Drift Due to an External Force Problems 1. Introduction 2. Spatial Variation of the Magnetic Field 2.1 Divergence Terms 2.2 Gradient and Curvature Terms 2.3 Shear Terms 3. Equation of Motion in the First Order Approximation 4. Average Force Over One Gyration Period 4.1 Parallel Force 4.2 Perpendicular Force 4.3 Total Average Force 5. Gradient Drift 6. Parallel Acceleration of the Guiding Center 6.1 Invariance of the Orbital Magnetic Moment and of the Magnetic Flux 6.2 Magnetic Mirror Effect 6.3 The Longitudinal Adiabatic Invariant 7. Curvature Drift 8. Combined Gradient-Curvature Drift Problems 1. Introduction 2. Slowly Time-Varying Electric Field 2.1 Equation of Motion and Polarization Drift 2.2 Plasma Dielectric Constant 3. Electric Field with Arbitrary Time Variation 3.1 Solution of the Equation of Motion 3.2 Physical Interpretation 3.3 Mobility Dyad 3.4 Plasma Conductivity Dyad 3.5 Cyclotron Resonance 4. Time-Varying Magnetic Field and Space-Varying Electric Field 4.1 Equation of Motion and Adiabatic Invariants 4.2 Magnetic Heating of a Plasma 5. Summary of Guiding Center Drifts and Current Densities 5.1 Guiding Center Drifts 5.2 Current Densities Problems 1. Introduction 2. Phase Space 2.1 Single-Particle Phase Space 2.2 Many-Particle Phase Space 2.3 Volume Elements 3. Distribution Function 4. Number Density and Average Velocity 5. The Boltzmann Equation 5.1 Colisionless Boltzmann Equation 5.2 Jacobian of the Transformation in Phase Space 5.3 E.ects of Particle Interactions 6. Relaxation Model for the Collision Term 7. The Vlasov Equation Problems 1. Average Value of a Physical Quantity 2. Average Velocity and Peculiar Velocity 3. Flux 4. Particle Current Density 5. Momentum Flow Dyad or Tensor 6. Pressure Dyad or Tensor 6.1 Concept of Pressure 6.2 Force per Unit Area 6.3 Force per Unit Volume 6.4 Scalar Pressure and Absolute Temperature 7. Heat Flow Vector 8. Heat Flow Triad 9. Total Energy Flux Triad 10. Higher Moments of the Distribution Function Problems 1. The Equilibrium State Distribution Function 1.1 The General Principle of Detailed Balance and Binary Collisions 1.2 Summation Invariants 1.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Function 1.4 Determination of the Constant Coe.cients 1.5 Local Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Function 2. The Most Probable Distribution 3. M

Read more less

Book Synopsis1. Introduction.- 2. Single-Particle Motions.- 3. Plasmas as Fluids.- 4. Waves in Plasmas.- 5. Diffusion and Resistivity.- 6. Equilibrium and Stability.- 7. Kinetic Theory.- 8. Nonlinear Effects.- Appendices.- Appendix A. Units, Constants and Formulas, Vector Relations.- Appendix B. Theory of Waves in a Cold Uniform Plasma.- Appendix C. Sample Three-Hour Final Exam.- Appendix D. Answers to Some Problems.- Index to Problems.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Single-Particle Motions.- 3. Plasmas as Fluids.- 4. Waves in Plasmas.- 5. Diffusion and Resistivity.- 6. Equilibrium and Stability.- 7. Kinetic Theory.- 8. Nonlinear Effects.- Appendices.- Appendix A. Units, Constants and Formulas, Vector Relations.- Appendix B. Theory of Waves in a Cold Uniform Plasma.- Appendix C. Sample Three-Hour Final Exam.- Appendix D. Answers to Some Problems.- Index to Problems.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis energy source is inexhaustible and, although achieving fusion energy is difficult, the progress made in the past two decades has been remarkable.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The ‘indispensable truth’ is that Chen … has written what may well be recognized as the definitive retrospective on the promise of endless supplies of cheap, clean nuclear energy from fusion, offering the prospect of realizing the promise at last. … It is stylishly written, designed, and illustrated to appeal to general readers … . Chen is in his comfort zone as he tells his story, and the indispensable truth is that it is just that–indispensable! Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels/libraries.”­­­ (L. W. Fine, Choice, Vol. 49 (3), November 2011)"With An Indispensable Truth: How Fusion Power Can Save the Planet, Frank Chen has provided a sweeping perspective on fusion energy. He covers everything from climage change to plasma instabilities. On climate change and energy, the view is best from 30 000 feet: The book provides a good high-level overview of the issues at stake...On fusion plasma physics, Chen's area of expertise, An Indispensable Truth provides an intuitive, up-close explanation of exciting recent advances and future challenges...An Indispensable Truth provides an exciting whirlwind tour of energy issues and technologies, with particular insight into fusion. Chen is correct to emphasize the tremendous progress that has been made in fusion research. ITER will produce hundreds of millions of watts of thermal energy from fusion, for periods of up to an hours. However, it remains for the world, and in particular the US, to decide if we will develop fusion into a practical energy source. We will need it." (Physics Today, Volume 65, Issue 2, February 2012)Table of ContentsPreface.- Prologue.- The Evidence for Climate Change.- The Future of Energy I: Fossil Fuels.- The Future of Energy II: Renewable Energy.- Fusion: Energy from the Seawater.- Perfecting the Magnetic Bottle.- The Remarkable Tokamak.- Evolution and Physics of the Tokamak.- A Half-century of Progress.- Engineering: The Big Challenge.- Fusion Concepts for the Future.- Conclusions.- Epilogue.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDeepen Your Students' Understanding of Oscillations through Interactive ExperimentsSimulations of Oscillatory Systems: with Award-Winning Software, Physics of Oscillations provides a hands-on way of visualizing and understanding the fundamental concepts of the physics of oscillations. Both the textbook and software are designed as exploration-oriented supplements for courses in general physics and the theory of oscillations.The book is conveniently structured according to mathematical complexity. Each chapter in Part I contains activities, questions, exercises, and problems of varying levels of difficulty, from straightforward to quite challenging. Part II presents more sophisticated, highly mathematical material that delves into the serious theoretical background for the computer-aided study of oscillations.The software package allows students to observe the motion of linear and nonlinear mechanical oscillatory sTrade Review"... provides a hands-on way of visualizing and understanding the fundamental concepts of the physics of oscillations. ... conveniently structured according to mathematical complexity. Each chapter in Part I contains activities, questions, exercises, and problems of varying levels of difficulty, from straightforward to quite challenging. Part II presents more sophisticated, highly mathematical material that delves into the serious theoretical background for the computer-aided study of oscillations. The software package allows students to observe the motion of linear and nonlinear mechanical oscillatory systems and to obtain plots of the variables that describe the systems along with phase diagrams and plots of energy transformations. These computer simulations provide clear, vivid illustrations of oscillations in various physical systems, bringing to life many abstract concepts, developing students' physical intuition, and complementing the analytical study of the subject. Students can investigate phenomena that would otherwise be difficult to study in a more conventional manner. Exceptionally well written, organized and presented ... an ideal textbook for university-level physics curriculums and academic library reference collections."—Midwest Book Review, April 2015Table of ContentsIntroduction. Oscillations in Simple Systems: Free Oscillations of a Linear Oscillator. Torsion Spring Oscillator with Dry Friction. Forced Oscillations in a Linear System. Square-Wave Excitation of a Linear Oscillator. Parametric Excitation of Oscillations. Sinusoidal Modulation of the Parameter. Nonlinear Oscillations: Free Oscillations of the Rigid Pendulum. Rigid Planar Pendulum under Sinusoidal Forcing. Pendulum with a Square-Wave Modulated Length. Rigid Pendulum with Oscillating Pivot. Torsion Pendulum with Dry and Viscous Damping. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpace weather is one of the most significant natural hazards to human life and health. Conditions of the sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems. If conditions in the space environment are adverse, they can cause disruption of satellite operations, communications, navigation, and electric power distribution grids, leading to a variety of socioeconomic losses. This book provides an overview of our current knowledge and theoretical understanding of space weather formation and covers all major topics of this phenomena, from the sun to the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere, thus providing a fully updated review of this rapidly advancing field. The book brings together an outstanding team of internationally recognised contributors to cover topics such as solar wind, the earth''s magnetic field, radiation belts, the aurora, spacecraft charging,Table of ContentsSpace Weather Drivers. Sun. Solar Wind. Earth’s Magnetic Field. Solar Wind Magnetosphere Interaction. The Magnetosheath and its Boundaries. Magnetic Reconnection. Magnetospheric Electric Fields and Current Systems. Geomagnetic Tail-Inner Magnetosphere Coupling. Ring Current. Radiation Belts. Plasmasphere. Polar Wind. "Imaging" the Aurora: Understanding Space Weather in the Upper Atmosphere. Ionospheric Electrodynamics. Simulating Space Weather. Space Weather and the Extra-Terrestrial Planets. Space Weather Applications. Spacecraft Charging. Orbital Drag. Space Weather Effects on Communication and Navigation.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe present review book by Prof., Dr. Lev I. Dorman, Plasmas and Energetic Processes in Geomagnetosphere reflects the development of the geomagnetospheres research and applications for the last few decades. The importance and actuality of geomagnetosphere research are based on the following three factors: 1. The geomagnetosphere is the nearest giant natural laboratory, where it is possible via satellites and ground measurements to investigate in detail many different plasmas and energetic processes in space, which are caused by an interaction of high kinetic energy solar wind plasmas and its perturbations (Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections - ICMEs, Interplanetary Shock Waves ISWs, Interplanetary Interaction Regions IIR), including those frozen in the Interplanetary Magnetic Fields (IMF) with the rotated main geomagnetic field. This interaction leads to the dynamic transformation of magnetic fields in the geomagnetosphere, generation and trapping of high energy particles (which are known as Magnetospheric Cosmic Rays MCR), and the generation of many types of instabilities and electromagnetic radiations. These processes are in principle similar to processes in magnetospheres of other planets and their moons, in the atmosphere of the sun and other stars, in interplanetary and in interstellar space, and in many different astrophysical objects. This research is an important basis for fundamental space and astrophysical science. 2. Today, technology, economics, navigation, TV, Internet, radio connections, military aspects, and the life of people on our planet are strongly connected to the work of many satellites moving inside the geomagnetosphere. Different processes and MCR in the geomagnetosphere influence the satellites work and often lead to satellite malfunctions up to fully destroying their electronics; satellites essentially die in these cases. The described research can be considered as a basis for developing methods of forecasting dangerous situations for satellites in different orbits and to decrease the risk of satellite malfunctions and loss. 3. The interaction of ICME, ISW, and IIR with the geomagnetosphere leads to the generation of big magnetic storms accompanied with a Forbush decrease and precursory effects in Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) intensity. These magnetic storms are dangerous not only to satellites, but also to the Earths surface in terms of technology, radio connections, car accidents, and human health (e.g., increasing the frequency of infarct myocardial and brain strokes). Investigations of causes of magnetic storms can help to develop methods of forecasting and decreasing the level of magnetic storm hazards. Therefore, the other practical application of this research is connected with the problem of space weather and space climate influence on the technology, radio connections, navigation, transportation, and peoples health on the Earth, which is independent of altitude and geomagnetic latitude.

Read more less

Book SynopsisNine studies, translated from the Russian, treat topics of interest in plasma physics, including the plasma-flare conversion of intense radiation energy, the acceleration of ions in an inhomogeneous microwave discharge plasma, and potential jumps in a plasma and plasma energy conversion. The English is a bit mixed up now and then, but usually compr

Read more less

Book SynopsisPhysics of Ionized Gases

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdvances in Plasma Physics Research

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdvances in Plasma Physics Research

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdvances in Plasma Physics Research

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents state-of-the-art analysis of developments in plasma physics.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis series includes within its scope equilibria, linear waves, and instabilities; nonlinear behaviour, including turbulent and stochastic phenomena and associated transport, and solitons and shock waves. It also includes plasma physics of lasers and particle beams and charged-particle acceleration and transport as well as radiation generation, transport, propagation, and interaction with plasmas. Low-temperature plasmas, including sources. plasma chemistry and processing and covered as are geophysical, planetary, solar, and astrophysical plasmas and plasma confinement by magnetic fields. Inertial confinement physics, the physics of dense plasmas or matter under extreme conditions and dusty plasmas are further subsumed. This volumes includes the latest research from around the globe.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this new book, an interdisciplinary and international team of experts provides an exploration of the emerging plasma science that is poised to make the plasma technology a reality in the manufacturing sector. The research presented here will stimulate new ideas, methods, and applications in the field of plasma science and nanotechnology.Plasma technology applications are being developed that could impact the global market for power, electronics, mineral, and other fuel commodities. Currently, plasma science is described as a revolutionary discipline in terms of its possible impact on industrial applications. It offers potential solutions to many problems using emerging techniques. In this book the authors provide a broad overview of recent trends in field plasma science and nanotechnology. Divided into several parts, Plasma and Fusion Science: From Fundamental Research to Technological Applications explores some basic plasma applications and research, space and atmospheric plasma, nuclear fusion, and laser plasma and industrial applications of plasma. A wide variety of cutting-edge topics are covered, including:• basic plasma physics• computer modeling for plasma• exotic plasma (including dusty plasma)• industrial plasma applications• laser plasma• nuclear fusion technology• plasma diagnostics• plasma processing• pulsed power• space astrophysical plasma• plasma and nanotechnologyPointing to current and possible future developments in plasma science and technology, the diverse research presented here will be valuable for researchers, scientists, industry professionals, and others involved in the revolutionary field of plasma and fusion science.Table of ContentsPlasma Treatment of Powder and Granulates. Plasma Dynamical Devices (Review of Fundamental Results and Applications). Conceptual Design of a Permanent Ring Magnet-Based Helicon Plasma Source. Solitary Wave Solutions of Modified Kadomstev-Petviashivili Equation for Hot Adiabatic Dusty Plasma Having Non-Thermal Ions with Trapped Electrons. Global Transition from Drift Wave Dominated Regimes to Multi-Instability Plasma Dynamics and Simultaneous Formation of a Radial Transport. Magnetic Drift and Its Effect on Cross-Field Diffusion Process.On the Effect of Base Pressure upon Plasma Containment. Ion-Acoustic Dressed Solitons on Electron-Positron-Ion Plasma with Nonisothermal Electrons. Arbitrary Amplitude Kinetic Alfven Solitary Waves in a Plasma with Two-Temperature Electrons.Nonlinear Dust Kinetic Alfvén Waves in a Dust–Ion Plasma with Ions Following Q-Non-Extensive Velocity Distribution. Study Generation of Pulsed High Current with Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor. Effect of Radio Frequency Power on Magnetron Sputtered TiO2 Thin Films. Stability of Kinetic Alfven Wave (KAW) in a Cometary Plasma with Streaming Electrons and Protons. External Magnetic Field Effect on Absorption of Surface Plasma Waves by Metal Nano-Particles. Plasma Waves beyond the Solar System. Jeans Instability of a Self-Gravitating Viscous Molecular Cloud Under the Influence of Finite Electron Inertia, Hall Effect, Fine Dust Particles and Rotation. Structural Fabrication: Study of Infrastructure Facilities Required to Convert Concept to Reality. DAC-Controlled Voltage Variable RF Attenuator for Generating RF Pulses of Different Shapes and Amplitudes for RF-ICRH System. Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Cycle on SS/CRZ Brazed Joint Sample. Design and Test Results of a 200kV, 15mA High Voltage DC Test Generator. Design, Development and Testing of WaterpBased Co-Axial Blumlein Pulse Generator. Optimization of MgB2-Brass Joint Resistance for SST-1 Superconducting Magnet Current Leads. Studies on Effect of Gaseous Quenching Media on Performance of Electrically Exploded Foils. Particle Acceleration by Whistler Pulse in High Density Plasma. Generation of Terahertz Radiations by Flat Top Laser Pulses in Modulated Density Plasmas. Surface Modification of High Density Polyethylene and Polycarbonate by Atmospheric Pressure Cold Argon/Oxygen Plasma Jet. Optical Imaging of SST-1 Plasma. Pulsed Electrical Exploding Wire For Production of Nanopowders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpheromaks are easily formed, self-organized magnetized plasma configurations that have intrigued plasma physicists for over two decades. Sometimes called magnetic vortices, magnetic smoke rings, or plasmoids, spheromaks first attracted attention as a possible controlled thermonuclear plasma confinement scheme, but are now known to have many other applications.This book begins with a review of the basic concepts of magnetohydrodynamics and toroidal magnetic configurations, then provides a detailed exposition of the 3D topological concepts underlying spheromak physics, namely magnetic helicity, Taylor relaxation, force-free equilibria, and tilt stability. It then examines spheromak formation techniques, driven and isolated configurations, dynamo concepts, practical experimental issues, diagnostics, and a number of applications. The book concludes by showing how spheromak ideas are closely related to the physics of solar prominences and interplanetary magnetic clouds.Table of ContentsBasic concepts; magnetic helicity; relaxation of an isolated configuration to the Taylor State; relaxation in driven configurations; the MHD energy principle, helicity, and Taylor States; survey of spheromak formation schemes; classification of regimes - an imperfect analogy to thermodynamics; analysis of isolated cylindrical spheromaks; the role of the wall; analysis of driven spheromaks - strong coupling; helicity flow and dynamos; confinement and transport in spheromaks; some important practical issues; basic diagnostics for spheromaks; applications of spheromaks; solar and space phenomena related to speromaks.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of plasma catalysis, regarded as a promising alternative to thermal processes for energy and environmental applications. It bridges the gap between the plasma and catalysis research communities, covering both the fundamentals of plasma catalysis and its application in environmental and energy research. The first section of the book offers a broad introduction to plasma catalysis, covering plasma-catalyst systems, interactions, and modeling. The core of the book then focuses on different applications, describing a wide range of plasma-catalytic processes in catalyst synthesis, environmental clean-up, greenhouse gas conversion and synthesis of materials for energy applications. Chapters cover topics ranging from removal of NOx and VOCs to conversion of methane, carbon dioxide and the reforming of ethanol and methanol.Written by a group of world-leading researchers active in the field, the book forms a valuable resource for scientists, engineers and students with different research backgrounds including plasma physics, plasma chemistry, catalysis, energy, environmental engineering, electrical engineering and material engineering.Table of Contents

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is based on Valery Zagrebaev's original papers and lecture materials on nuclear physics with heavy ions, which he prepared and extended through many years for the students of nuclear physics specialties.Thе book outlines the main experimental facts on nuclear reactions involving heavy ions at low energies. It focuses on discussions of nuclear physics processes that are a subject of active, modern research and it gives illustrative explanations of these phenomena in the framework of up-to-date theoretical concepts.This textbook is intended for students in physics who have completed a standard course of quantum mechanics and have basic ideas of nuclear physics processes.It is designed as a kind of lifeboat that, at the end of the course, will allow students to navigate the modern scientific literature and to understand the goals and objectives of current, on-going research.Table of Contents1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62. Nuclear interactions and classes of nuclear reaction . . . . . . . . . 122.1. Nucleon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleus interactions, nuclear mean field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2. Nucleus-nucleus interaction: folding and phenomenological potentials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.2.1. Folding potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2.2. Woods-Saxon potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.2.3. Proximity potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2.4. Bass potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2.5. Comparison of diabatic potentials for the nucleus-nucleusinteraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2.6. Dependence of potential energy on nuclear orientation . 232.2.7. Dependence of potential energy on dynamical deformations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.3. Classification of nuclear reactions, experimental procedures, cross sections and kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273. Elastic scattering of nucleons and heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.1. Scattering in a Coulomb field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.2. Elastic scattering of protons and neutrons. Optical model . . . 373.3. Elastic scattering of light ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.4. Applicability of classical mechanics and trajectory analyses . . 453.5. Nuclear rainbow and diffraction scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.6. Elastic scattering of heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564. Quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions and few-nucleon transfer reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.1. Direct process of light-particle transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.2. Distorted-wave description of direct reactions . . . . . . . . . . 614.3. Single-particle states and cluster states, spectroscopic factors . 624.4. Inelastic excitation of vibrational and rotational states . . . . . 654.5. Quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.6. Reactions of few-nucleon transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745. Deep-inelastic scattering of nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.1. Experimental systematics of deep-inelastic scattering and quasifission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.2. Potential energy of heavy nuclear systems, diabatic and adiabatic driving potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855.2.1. Nucleon transfer and driving potentials . . . . . . . . . 855.2.2. Macro-microscopic model and the adiabatic potential energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865.3. Transport equations for deep-inelastic nuclear collisions: Frictional forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.4. Calculation of deep-inelastic cross sections . . . . . . . . . . . 965.5. Analysis of deep-inelastic scattering and quasi-fission . . . . . . 995.6. Multi-nucleon transfer reactions. Synthesis of heavy neutronrich nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046. Fusion of atomic nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136.1. Detecting fission fragments and evaporation residues from the compound nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146.2. Statistical model for the decay of an excited nucleus . . . . . . 1166.3. Fusion at above-barrier energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1256.4. Sub-barrier fusion. Hill–Wheeler formula . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276.5. Coupled channels. Empirical and quantum description of fusion 1296.6. Barrier distribution function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1346.7. Neutron transfer in the process of sub-barrier fusion . . . . . . 1356.8. Synthesis of superheavy elements in fusion reactions . . . . . . 1426.9. Radiative capture of light nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Read more less