Physics Books

Book SynopsisDie Physik auf etwas mehr als einen Blick Physik kann ganz schön kompliziert sein, besonders wenn es etwas mehr in die Tiefe geht. Dass man aber auch komplizierte Dinge leicht verständlich und bisweilen amüsant erklären kann, beweist dieses Buch. Wilhelm Kulisch und Regine Freudenstein erläutern, was Sie über Mechanik, Kontinuumsmechanik, Schwingungen, Wellen, Elektromagnetismus, Thermodynamik und Optik wissen sollten. Aber auch die makroskopische und mikroskopische moderne Physik kommen mit Relativitätstheorie und Quantenphysik nicht zu kurz. Zahlreiche Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungen runden das Buch ab. Sie erfahren Was Kapazität, magnetische Induktion und Halbleiter sind Was es mit der Wellennatur des Lichts, der Polarisation und dem elektromagnetischen Spektrum auf sich hat Was es zu Pulsaren, schwarzen Löchern und der Urknalltheorie zu wissen gibt

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Book SynopsisThe book describes the modern theory of light hydrogen-like systems. The discussion is based on quantum electrodynamics. Green's functions, relativistic bound-state equations and Feynman diagrams are extensively used. New theoretical approaches are described and explained. The book contains derivation of many theoretical results obtained in recent years. A complete set of all theoretical results for the energy levels of hydrogen-like bound states is presented.Table of ContentsTheoretical Approaches to the Energy Levels of Loosely Bound Systems.- General Features of the Hydrogen Energy Levels.- External Field Approximation.- Essentially Two-Particle Recoil Corrections.- Radiative-Recoil Corrections.- Nuclear Size and Structure Corrections.- Lamb Shift in Light Muonic Atoms.- Physical Origin of the Hyperfine Splitting and the Main Nonrelativistic Contribution.- Nonrecoil Corrections to HFS.- Essentially Two-Body Corrections to HFS.- Hyperfine Splitting in Hydrogen.- Notes on Phenomenology.

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Table of ContentsDie Fallgesetze.- Das Gravitationsgesetz.- Druck und Gewicht der Luft.- Mittlere Erddichte (Gravitationskonstante).- Der Foucaultsche Pendelversuch.- Die Gasgesetze.- Wärme und Arbeit.- Die kritische Temperatur.- Die experimentellen Beweise der kinetischen Gastheorie.- Die Lichtgeschwindigkeit.- Die Zerlegung des weißen Lichtes.- Die Interferenz des Lichtes.- Die Polarisation des Lichtes.- Das Kirchhoffsche Strahlungsgesetz; die Spektralanalyse.- Der Lichtdruck.- Das Coulombsche Gesetz.- Die Voltasche Säule.- Die magnetische Wirkung des elektrischen Stromes.- Das Ohmsche Gesetz.- Das Joulesche Gesetz.- Die Gesetze der Elektrolyse.- Induktion und Selbstinduktion.- Das absolute Maßsystem.- Die magnetische Wirkung bewegter Ladungen.- Der Diamagnetismus.- Die elektrischen Schwingungen.- Die elektrischen Wellen.- Quellennachweise zu den einzelnen Artikeln.- Literatur zur Geschichte der Physik.- Zeitliche Übersicht der Entdecker und Entdeckungen.- Alte Maße und Gewichte.- Namenverzeichnis.

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Table of ContentsErster Teil Das Schallfeld in großer Entfernung vom Strahler.- Zweiter Teil Das Schallfeld in der Nähe des Strahlers.- Dritter Teil Das Schallfeld des Kugelstrahlers.- Schrifttum.

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Table of ContentsLattice gauge theories.- Continuum gauge quantum field theories.

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Book SynopsisWie bewegt sich ein Körper? Was ist das Prinzip der kleinsten Wirkung? Sind Symmetrien grundlegend? Leonard Susskind und George Hrabovsky erklären nicht alles, was es über die Klassische Mechanik zu wissen gibt – sondern alles Wichtige. Begeisterte Physik-Amateure bekommen die notwendige Mathematik und die Formeln an die Hand, die sie für ein wirkliches Verständnis benötigen. Mit glasklaren Erklärungen, witzigen und hilfreichen Dialogen und grundlegenden Übungen erklären die Autoren die Klassische Mechanik so einfach wie möglich, aber nicht einfacher.Table of Contents1 Das Wesen der klassischen Physik.- 2 Bewegung.- 3 Dynamik.- 4 Systeme mit mehr als einem Teilchen.- 5 Energie.- 6 Das Prinzip der kleinsten Wirkung.- 7 Symmetrien und Erhaltungssätze.- 8 Hamilton-Mechanik und Zeit-Invarianz.- 9 Der Fluss im Phasenraum.- 10 Poisson-Klammer und Symmetrien.- 11 Elektrische und magnetische Kräfte.- 12 Zentralkräfte und Planetenbahnen.

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Book SynopsisThanks to the pioneering works of Ashkin and coworkers, optical tweezers (OTs) have become an invaluable tool for myriad studies throughout the natural sciences. Their success relies on the fact that they can be considered as exceptionally sensitive transducers that are able to resolve pN forces and nm displacements, with high temporal resolution, down to μs. Hence their application to study a wide range of biological phenomena such as measuring the compliance of bacterial tails, the forces exerted by a single motor protein, and the mechanical properties of human red blood cells and of individual biological molecules. The number of articles related to them totals to a whopping 58,000 (source Google Scholar)!Microrheology is a branch of rheology, but it works at micrometer length scales and with microliter sample volumes. Therefore, microrheology techniques have been revealed to be very useful tools for all those rheological/mechanical studies where rare or precious materials are employed, such as in biological and biomedical studies.The aim of this book is to provide a pedagogical introduction to the physics principles governing both the optical tweezers and their application in the field of microrheology of complex materials. This is achieved by following a linear path that starts from a narrative introduction of the "nature of light," followed by a rigorous description of the fundamental equations governing the propagation of light through matter. Moreover, some of the many possible instrumental configurations are presented, especially those that better adapt to perform microrheology measurements. In order to better appreciate the microrheological methods with optical tweezers explored in this book, informative introductions to the basic concepts of linear rheology, statistical mechanics, and the most popular microrheology techniques are also given. Furthermore, an enlightening prologue to the general applications of optical tweezers different from rheological purposes is provided at the end of the book.Table of ContentsForeword. Introduction to "the nature of light". Geometrical optics. Optical forces. Optical tweezer configurations. Introduction to linear rheology. Statistical mechanics. Introduction to the most popular microrheology techniques. Microrheology with optical tweezers. Optical tweezers with microrheology. An appendix on evaluating the Fourier transform.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes at the introductory level how modern technology has made the scenario of the classic science-fiction movie Fantastic Voyage a reality. The movie is about a submarine and its crew members being shrunk to microscopic size and ventured into the body. Exactly 50 years following the release of the film, such reality takes the form of a medical interventional room capable of mimicking this scenario. Based on 15 years of intensive research and development by the world-leading team in this specific field, the book goes through the scenes of the movie while explaining how it is implemented in this first-of-a-kind interventional facility.This is the first book that explains the fundamentals of navigation of therapeutic agents in the vascular network. The scope of the book is twofold: (1) to initiate readers into various technologies, including, but not limited to, nanotechnology, robotics, and biochemistry (more importantly, it shows how critical the integration of all these disciplines is to solving problems that indeed require a multidisciplinary environment); (2) to inspire the younger generation by showing that science and technology can bring one everywhere with the power to transform fiction to reality that can help humankind.Table of ContentsIntroduction. The location. The interventional facility. The team at the planning briefing. The submarine. Miniaturization. Injection. Travelling in the artery. Tracking the position of the submarine. Propulsion and steering. Navigating in the bloodstream. The crew. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisUsing no math beyond high school algebra, the authors lay out an approachable explanation of Einstein's special relativity, then move through the fundamental differences between traveling forward and backward in time and the surprising theoretical connection between going back in time and traveling faster than the speed of light.Trade Review"Marvelously accessible." (Chicago Tribune) "Relying only minimally on technical jargon and formulas, the authors open to view the exciting conceptual prospects for designing a time machine capable of slipping backward through the centuries and of riding faster-than-light warp bubbles through the cosmos.... Armchair scientists share the thrill of peeking into the universe's deepest secrets. Penetrating science illuminates humankind's most audacious dreams." (Booklist)"

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Book SynopsisPatent law encourages technological innovation. But as the patent system stands, are all governed by the same rules even though they innovate very differently. The result is a crisis in the patent system. This title argue that courts should use legal tools already present in the patent statute to suit the needs of various industries.Trade Review"A thoughtful, intelligent argument that would be appreciated by most practitioners.... Highly recommended." (Choice) "A fascinating introduction to a scholarly literature that, at least so far, raises as many questions as it answers." (Science)"

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Book SynopsisNobel laureate and scientific luminary Enrico Fermi (1901-54) was a pioneering nuclear physicist whose contributions to the field were numerous, profound, and lasting. This title features archival material - including correspondence between Fermi and physicist Leo Szilard and a letter from Harry Truman.Trade Review"A lively collection of reminiscences about the greatest Italian scientist of the twentieth century." (New Scientist) "Fermi Remembered provides fascinating insights into Fermi's style and the beginning of the Manhattan project." (Times Higher Education) "As a researcher and a teacher, Fermi inspired two generations and two continents-a man whose charismatic nature attracted many talented scientists and students to Chicago. What emerges from this book is the gratitude of so many extraordinary physicists to their master, who instilled in them a passion that has lasted a lifetime: the passion for physics." (Physics World)"

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Book SynopsisUniversity of Chicago Graduate Problems in Physics covers a broad range of topics, from simple mechanics to nuclear physics. The problems presented are intriguing ones, unlike many examination questions, and physical concepts are emphasized in the solutions. Many distinguished members of the Department of Physics and the Enrico Fermi Institute at the University of Chicago have served on the candidacy examination committees and have, therefore, contributed to the preparation of problems which have been selected for inclusion in this volume. Among these are Morrell H. Cohen, Enrico Fermi, Murray Gell-Mann, Roger Hildebrand, Robert S. Mulliken, John Simpson, and Edward Teller.

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents, with some amplification, the notes on the lectures on nuclear physics given by Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago in 1949.

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Book SynopsisEngages with the impact of modern technology on experimental physicists. This study reveals how the increasing scale and complexity of apparatus has distanced physicists from the very science which drew them into experimenting, and has fragmented microphysics into different technical traditions.

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Book SynopsisA book-length treatment of Descartes' natural philosophy. Garber is principally concerned with Descartes' accounts of matter and motion--the joint between Descartes' philosophical and scientific interests.

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Book SynopsisFeynman diagrams have revolutionized nearly every aspect of theoretical physics since the middle of the twentieth century.

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Book SynopsisThese days, the idea of the cyborg is less the stuff of science fiction and more a reality, as we are all, in one way or another, constantly connected, extended, wired, and dispersed in and through technology. The author focuses on a man who is permanently attached to assemblages of machines, devices, and collectivities of people: Stephen Hawking.Trade Review"First things first: Hawking Incorporated: Stephen Hawking and the Anthropology of the Knowing Subject is a masterful, inspiring book. Rather than producing a biography of Hawking, which this is decidedly not, Helene Mialet's book encourages us to question the very possibility of knowing who Hawking is without taking away the agency of the man himself, ultimately helping readers reconsider how we think about individuality, embodiment, and personhood in extremely productive ways... Inspired by Actor-Network Theory but pushing it into new territory, Mialet's study uses a thick description of Hawking's 'extended body' to allow us a glimpse into the formation, movement, and circulation of identity in general, in the sciences and potentially well beyond. What does it mean to say 'he thinks'? What's the difference between dealing with texts and people? How do we define what is 'original' and how does that translate into the archive? Mialet's work explores these and other questions in a series of ethnographic accounts and stories that are both fascinating to read and extremely helpful to think with." (Carla Nappi New Books in Science, Technology, and Society) "For Helene Mialet, what we know is not Hawking but a construct she calls 'HAWKING,' which is sustained by an extended network of nurses, postgraduate assistants, students and other ancillaries, further institutional support, plus indispensable media assistance. In this rather thorough exploration, she gives us a thick description of how this all works, interwoven with much discussion of distributed identities and personhood in performance." (Jon Turney Times Higher Education Supplement) "Hawking Incorporated will draw readers because of the extraordinary fame of its subject. However, it is most valuable because its case study identifies exaggerated but important features of ordinary science in practice." (Jon Agar Science) "He is a household name, and not just in scientific circles. As the world's most famous living scientist, Stephen Hawking needs no introduction - whether appearing on late night chat shows or an episode of The Simpsons. But why? In Hawking Incorporated, historian and philosopher of science Helene Mialet sets out to answer this question, and in the process comes to some interesting conclusions about the way we perceive science and scientists." (New Scientist) "Hawking Incorporated: Stephen Hawking and the Anthropology of the Knowing Subject by Helene Mialet is a book that deserves a spot on every Transhumanist's virtual bookshelf... [A] must read." (Peter Rothman h+) "This fascinating book takes a fresh approach to Stephen Hawking... Highly recommended." (V. V. Raman, Rochester Institute of Technology Choice) "From a disability studies perspective, Hawking Incorporated serves as a superb case study for examining the ordinary practices that maintain disability as an undertheorized phenomenon. Disability, depicted by Mialet as a forceful provocation, puts the reader on the path to witness how various competencies are enabled by an able-ist network of power and knowledge. Moreover, this book is an excellent addition to science and technology studies; anthropology of the knowing subject; sociology of work; and, of course, a must-read for those interested in thinking critically about Stephen Hawking." (Tanya Titchkosky, University of Toronto Disability & Society) "Hawking Incorporated, while very much a work of anthropology based in the present, sits at the intersection of some of the most pressing questions for historians of science. To pose just a few: what is the relationship between individual and collective scientific activity? How do materials and machines matter in theoretical sciences? How is a subject constituted in an archive? How do private and public images of science shape scientific knowledge and practice and vice versa? Each question turns on Mialet's presiding interest in just who and what make up the knowing subject, a figure she unpacks in ways that can challenge and enrich many historians' work." (Michael J. Barany, Princeton University British Journal for the History of Science) "The book is written engagingly and may perhaps attract readers to the remarkable literature on the social and cultural workings of science that anthropologists, sociologists, historians, and philosophers have produced over the past four decades or so." (American Ethnologist) "A unique story." (Ian Hacking Common Knowledge) "Hawking Incorporated offers a new analysis of the ways in which the scientist Stephen Hawking's persona is produced and used in an astonishingly wide range of spheres. Using materials from interviews, film and audio records, correspondence and informal documents, Helene Mialet offers nothing less than a new anthropology of the contemporary scientist. This is a story with a fascinating cast: assistants, students, secretaries, archivists, physicians, engineers, journalists, and filmmakers all figure as key participants in the enormous work of sustaining and distributing Hawking's projects. Mialet's tactful and astute inquiry addresses the intimate details of the modern scientific world: its artful use of ingenious software, computational diagrams, and calculating aids; its ceremonial system of lectures and conferences; its career structure of disciplinary training and public mastery. The book will be of inestimable value both as a highly original biography of a fascinating intellectual presence and a broad study of one of the most important themes in the culture of modern sciences." (Simon Schaffer, University of Cambridge) "Helene Mialet has offered a brilliant and provocative book, taking the example of Stephen Hawking to probe the contemporary articulation of 'man.' What we discover is the anthropos radically rethought as an assemblage of body, machine, media event and image, object, and industrial effect. Indeed, the human body turns out to be a series of interrelated connections, and this book persuades us to rethink our most basic ideas of human form and the tasks of science itself." (Judith Butler, University of California, Berkeley) "On a terribly risky topic, Helene Mialet manages with a delicate and caring touch to approach one of the most vexing questions of science studies: how to give a concrete description of the material network able to generate abstraction? By connecting disability studies, distributed cognition, and the ethnography of formalism, she also manages to write a moving portrait of an embodied mind at work." (Bruno Latour, Sciences Po Paris) "Hawking Incorporated provides a social anatomy of how Stephen Hawking - as a physicist, person, and cyborgian collective - lives and breathes in human space-time, even as his theories reach toward a cosmic elsewhere. Helene Mialet takes the reader on an anthropological odyssey through the worlds of those assistants, machines, students, and TV documentary teams that have helped to conjure Hawking as the singular figure he has become. When Mialet finally meets Hawking in person, the results are riveting and revelatory." (Stefan Helmreich, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) "Mialet doesn't ask what the famous scientist has taught us about cosmology. She asks what his life and career can teach us about scientific thinking in general - and about ordinary thinking too, for that matter. There is no doubt that Hawking is doubly exceptional, both in his mind and his body. The brilliant gambit of Mialet's book is to explore this exceptionalism in order to reveal how scientific knowledge is made under far more ordinary circumstances." (Ken Alder LA Review of Books)

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Book SynopsisThese days, the idea of the cyborg is less the stuff of science fiction and more a reality, as we are all, in one way or another, constantly connected, extended, wired, and dispersed in and through technology. The author focuses on a man who is permanently attached to assemblages of machines, devices, and collectivities of people: Stephen Hawking.Trade Review"First things first: Hawking Incorporated: Stephen Hawking and the Anthropology of the Knowing Subject is a masterful, inspiring book. Rather than producing a biography of Hawking, which this is decidedly not, Helene Mialet's book encourages us to question the very possibility of knowing who Hawking is without taking away the agency of the man himself, ultimately helping readers reconsider how we think about individuality, embodiment, and personhood in extremely productive ways... Inspired by Actor-Network Theory but pushing it into new territory, Mialet's study uses a thick description of Hawking's 'extended body' to allow us a glimpse into the formation, movement, and circulation of identity in general, in the sciences and potentially well beyond. What does it mean to say 'he thinks'? What's the difference between dealing with texts and people? How do we define what is 'original' and how does that translate into the archive? Mialet's work explores these and other questions in a series of ethnographic accounts and stories that are both fascinating to read and extremely helpful to think with." (Carla Nappi New Books in Science, Technology, and Society) "For Helene Mialet, what we know is not Hawking but a construct she calls 'HAWKING,' which is sustained by an extended network of nurses, postgraduate assistants, students and other ancillaries, further institutional support, plus indispensable media assistance. In this rather thorough exploration, she gives us a thick description of how this all works, interwoven with much discussion of distributed identities and personhood in performance." (Jon Turney Times Higher Education Supplement) "Hawking Incorporated will draw readers because of the extraordinary fame of its subject. However, it is most valuable because its case study identifies exaggerated but important features of ordinary science in practice." (Jon Agar Science) "He is a household name, and not just in scientific circles. As the world's most famous living scientist, Stephen Hawking needs no introduction - whether appearing on late night chat shows or an episode of The Simpsons. But why? In Hawking Incorporated, historian and philosopher of science Helene Mialet sets out to answer this question, and in the process comes to some interesting conclusions about the way we perceive science and scientists." (New Scientist) "Hawking Incorporated: Stephen Hawking and the Anthropology of the Knowing Subject by Helene Mialet is a book that deserves a spot on every Transhumanist's virtual bookshelf... [A] must read." (Peter Rothman h+) "This fascinating book takes a fresh approach to Stephen Hawking... Highly recommended." (V. V. Raman, Rochester Institute of Technology Choice) "From a disability studies perspective, Hawking Incorporated serves as a superb case study for examining the ordinary practices that maintain disability as an undertheorized phenomenon. Disability, depicted by Mialet as a forceful provocation, puts the reader on the path to witness how various competencies are enabled by an able-ist network of power and knowledge. Moreover, this book is an excellent addition to science and technology studies; anthropology of the knowing subject; sociology of work; and, of course, a must-read for those interested in thinking critically about Stephen Hawking." (Tanya Titchkosky, University of Toronto Disability & Society) "Hawking Incorporated, while very much a work of anthropology based in the present, sits at the intersection of some of the most pressing questions for historians of science. To pose just a few: what is the relationship between individual and collective scientific activity? How do materials and machines matter in theoretical sciences? How is a subject constituted in an archive? How do private and public images of science shape scientific knowledge and practice and vice versa? Each question turns on Mialet's presiding interest in just who and what make up the knowing subject, a figure she unpacks in ways that can challenge and enrich many historians' work." (Michael J. Barany, Princeton University British Journal for the History of Science) "The book is written engagingly and may perhaps attract readers to the remarkable literature on the social and cultural workings of science that anthropologists, sociologists, historians, and philosophers have produced over the past four decades or so." (American Ethnologist) "A unique story." (Ian Hacking Common Knowledge) "Hawking Incorporated offers a new analysis of the ways in which the scientist Stephen Hawking's persona is produced and used in an astonishingly wide range of spheres. Using materials from interviews, film and audio records, correspondence and informal documents, Helene Mialet offers nothing less than a new anthropology of the contemporary scientist. This is a story with a fascinating cast: assistants, students, secretaries, archivists, physicians, engineers, journalists, and filmmakers all figure as key participants in the enormous work of sustaining and distributing Hawking's projects. Mialet's tactful and astute inquiry addresses the intimate details of the modern scientific world: its artful use of ingenious software, computational diagrams, and calculating aids; its ceremonial system of lectures and conferences; its career structure of disciplinary training and public mastery. The book will be of inestimable value both as a highly original biography of a fascinating intellectual presence and a broad study of one of the most important themes in the culture of modern sciences." (Simon Schaffer, University of Cambridge) "Helene Mialet has offered a brilliant and provocative book, taking the example of Stephen Hawking to probe the contemporary articulation of 'man.' What we discover is the anthropos radically rethought as an assemblage of body, machine, media event and image, object, and industrial effect. Indeed, the human body turns out to be a series of interrelated connections, and this book persuades us to rethink our most basic ideas of human form and the tasks of science itself." (Judith Butler, University of California, Berkeley) "On a terribly risky topic, Helene Mialet manages with a delicate and caring touch to approach one of the most vexing questions of science studies: how to give a concrete description of the material network able to generate abstraction? By connecting disability studies, distributed cognition, and the ethnography of formalism, she also manages to write a moving portrait of an embodied mind at work." (Bruno Latour, Sciences Po Paris) "Hawking Incorporated provides a social anatomy of how Stephen Hawking - as a physicist, person, and cyborgian collective - lives and breathes in human space-time, even as his theories reach toward a cosmic elsewhere. Helene Mialet takes the reader on an anthropological odyssey through the worlds of those assistants, machines, students, and TV documentary teams that have helped to conjure Hawking as the singular figure he has become. When Mialet finally meets Hawking in person, the results are riveting and revelatory." (Stefan Helmreich, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) "Mialet doesn't ask what the famous scientist has taught us about cosmology. She asks what his life and career can teach us about scientific thinking in general - and about ordinary thinking too, for that matter. There is no doubt that Hawking is doubly exceptional, both in his mind and his body. The brilliant gambit of Mialet's book is to explore this exceptionalism in order to reveal how scientific knowledge is made under far more ordinary circumstances." (Ken Alder LA Review of Books)

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"When Maps Become the World deservedly takes its place alongside some of the great philosophical reflections on the unique alchemy of maps. This immensely rich and deeply learned book is about the power and limitations of maps and ‘map thinking’ as a way of understanding cartography as well as scientific theory and practice. Moving beyond the established critique of maps, Winther provides a dazzling route for new ‘map thinking’ in our bewildering digital age. A superb achievement." -- Jerry Brotton, author of A History of the World in Twelve Maps"A tour de force. Philosophers of science have increasingly resorted to analogies with maps and mapping in thinking about the relation of scientific theories and models to the world(s) they are about. Winther interrogates this usage in multiple ways: a historical overview of map-making in the West, a philosophical examination of the assumptions and commitments of map language, and in-depth studies of mapping practices in sciences from cosmology to neuroscience to genetics. Wonderfully enhanced by reproductions of maps from the many domains in which they are used, this book gives welcome philosophical substance to a widely used and increasingly central concept in studies of science." -- Helen Longino, Stanford University"It's only three-hundred pages but When Maps Become the World is a lot of book with a lot of thought-provoking propositions about life and how to live it. Masquerading as a book about maps and science, it's a manual on how to be in the world, a manual on how to live." * Denis Wood, Making Maps: DIY Cartography *"A sound contribution to the transdisciplinary field of map studies. . . . This book succeeds in bringing new theoretical insights into past cartographic materials and processes, encompassing diverse epochs, practices, and key ideas in map thinking. . . . The inclusive stance of this extremely well-written book is genuine, and the effort to bring together a huge amount of writings about cartography is valuable. From the specific angle of map theory, this book is a particularly welcome contribution that endorses a pluralistic style of thinking within the lively arena of map studies. From the point of view of science, it offers a sophisticated reflection on the generative powers of cartographic theorization." * The Holocene *"Convincingly links cartography and philosophy of science. . . . Winther relies on a careful archaeology of the basic or foundational assumptions lying behind every representation, and on 'counter-mappings': mappings that illustrate a minority or outsider point of view and thus show the contextuality of other maps. He illustrates his approach with examples of mapping in cosmology, brain research, and genetics. In doing so, he impressively shows the limitations the mapping of genes and brain functions have, and in which way 'counter maps' can open up new perspectives. . . . [The] book is an unorthodox and passionate plea for a diversity of perspectives—of structures, orders, and summaries—in cartography, science, and the philosophy of science. And at the same time, a convincing treatment of the tendency to confuse maps with the reality they describe." * Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung *"A valuable contribution to the philosophy of scientific representation. . . . Winther's writing and reasoning is clear and engaging. For the most part, this book is widely accessible to non-expert readers. . . . [An] excellent book." * History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences *"[Winther] blends wide-ranging, multidisciplinary perspectives to demonstrate the power of maps, mapping, and the philosophical 'map thinking' that helps explain complex information and relationships through scientific theories and models. Winther's text evaluates the promises, consequences, and perils of map thinking. . . . Winther's provocative, thoughtful treatise expands familiar concepts of cartography. GIS specialists could benefit from his reflections. . . . Highly recommended." * Choice, 2020 Outstanding Academic Title *"An engaging and informative work. . . . I recommend this book to graduate students taking a history and philosophy of geography class, along with anyone else interested in this field." * Cartographic Perspectives *"[Winther] has engaged fundamentally with mapping and cartography in order to show what significance maps play in all areas of science, how the clarification of spatial relationships helps in the formation of theory and representation of ideas in both the natural sciences and the humanities. . . . He never tires of giving hints to the danger of 'pernicious reification', the always erroneous equalization of a model with reality, regardless of whether it is the Mercator projection, the pictorial flattening of Earth in the atlas, gene-driven evolution or a model of Homo sapiens: The theory is never the Living." * Süddeutsche Zeitung *"Winther writes from a wide-ranging, multidisciplinary perspective to show the power of the map, mapping, and ‘map thinking’ to organize and understand complex information. In very clear prose, citing a rich literature, he explores the possibilities of mapping, as well as its limitations and hazards. Professionals in geographic information systems who read this book will expand their conception of mapping and see their work as integral to the entire human enterprise; they will reflect more deeply on what they are doing, how they do it, and why; and be encouraged to look further into the philosophical underpinnings of mapping and GIS." -- Jack Dangermond, founder and president, Esri"An intriguing and often brilliant book, When Maps Become the World raises profound, even fundamental philosophical questions about ‘map thinking.’ The map is considered here as more than simply a scientific model or abstraction but as a kind of ‘metaperspective’ through which the world has been understood scientifically. This is an important book on how the map can be considered philosophically as a heuristic device that has enabled and constrained the development of scientific rationality." -- Michael Heffernan, University of Nottingham"A valuable contribution to the philosophy of scientific representation." * Springer Nature *"Defining what a map is and how it works is a centuries-old exercise. Winther boldly goes where many have gone before and, after settling on a definition that allows for new directions, he explores how ‘map thinking’ operates to organize scientific knowledge and guide social change. Not only do maps represent the world we live in, but they also suggest multiple ways to remake it and, hopefully, improve it." * Imago Mundi *Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction: Why Maps? A History and Philosophy of Map Thinking The Nature of Map Thinking—Elements of Map Thinking—Deep Mapping—Five Hundred Years of Western Mapping Maps Today Cartography Meets GIS—A Definition Based on Representation—Characterizations Based on Process and Function Three Maps Waldseemüller’s Map—Guaman Poma’s Countermap—Van Sant’s Ultimate Map? Conclusion Part 1: Philosophy 2. Theory Is to World as Map Is to Territory Analogy Three Types of Analogy—Critical Cautions The Map Analogy A Typology of Map Analogies—Uses of the Map Analogy in Humanistic Inquiry Assumption Archaeology Conclusion 3. From Abstraction to Ontologizing The Abstraction-Ontologizing Account Abstraction Abstraction Stage I: Calibration of Units and Coordinates—Abstraction Stage II: Data Collection and Management—Abstraction Stage III: Generalization OntologizingOntologizing 0: Representation Testing—Ontologizing I: Changing the World—Ontologizing II: Understanding the World—Ontologizing III: Classroom Communication Conclusion 4. Long Live Contextual Objectivity! Pernicious Reification Contextual Objectivity Conformation—The Essential Indexical A History of the Mercator Projection I: Gerardus Mercator Mercator’s Critique of Earlier Projections—Mercator’s New Purpose: Navigation—Mercator’s Clear Presentation of Latitude and Longitude—Mercator’s Awareness of Alternative Projections A History of the Mercator Projection II: Post Mercator Integration Platforms A Beyond-Mercator Integration Platform: Blocking Pernicious Reification and Seeking Contextual Objectivity—Philosophical Aspects of Integration Platforms Conclusion 5. Projecting Maps into Our Worlds Two Canonical Philosophical Accounts of Representation: Isomorphism and Similarity The Isomorphism Account—The Similarity Account The Multiple Representations Account Ontologizing—Merely-Seeing-As—Pluralistic Ontologizing—Climate Change and Multiple Representations Conclusion Part 2: Science 6. Mapping Space Extreme-Scale Maps in Cosmology The Universe’s Baby Portrait—The Universe Growing Up (and Outward)—Cosmic-Scale Maps and the Abstraction-Ontologizing Account Literal Cartographic Maps in Geology State-Space Maps in Physics and Physical Chemistry Analogous Maps in Mathematics Conclusion 7. Mapping Ourselves Migration Maps Arrowized Assumptions—Arrowized Maps—Countermapping Migration Brain Maps Decompositional Assumptions—Phrenological Maps—The Somatosensory and Motor Homunculi—Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)—Countermapping the Brain Statistical Causal Maps Linear Model Assumptions—Correlation and Causation—“Genetic” and “Environmental” Diseases—Path Diagrams as Statistical Causal Maps—When Causal Maps Become the World Conclusion 8. Mapping Genetics Building a Mapping-Genetics Integration Platform Assumptions—Terminology—Map Types The Linear Genetic Map Linear Genetic Maps of Phenotypic Linkage—Linear Genetic Maps of Nucleotides—Assumptions of the Linear Genetic Map The Gene Expression Map The Genotype-Phenotype Map The Literal Cartographic Genetic Map The Comparative Genetic Map The Adaptive Landscape Map An Analogous Genetic Map: The Tree of LifeDarwin’s Hypothesis—Contemporary Phylogenies Future Extensions: Mapping Genetics as a Paradigmatic Integration Platform 9. Map Thinking Science and Philosophy Existence, World Making, and Responsibility Map Thinking Scientific Methodology Map Thinking Philosophical Methodology Assumption Archaeology—Tracking Ethics and Power—Imagining “What If . . . ?” An Invitation to Dream Appendix: Cognitive Map Exercise References Index

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Book SynopsisAt a time when the Manhattan Project was synonymous with large-scale science, physicist J Robert Oppenheimer (1904-67) represented the new sociocultural power of the American intellectual. This title traces the making - and unmaking - of Oppenheimer's wartime and postwar scientific identity.Trade Review"A fascinating new perspective.... Thorpe's book provides the best perspective yet for understanding Oppenheimer's Los Alamos years, which were critical, after all, not only to his life but, for better or worse, the history of mankind." - Catherine Westfall, Nature "This is an outstandingly well-researched book, a pleasure to read and distinguished by the high quality of its observations and judgments. It will be of special interest to scholars of modern history, but non-specialist readers will enjoy the clarity that Thorpe brings to common misunderstandings about his subject." - Graham Farmelo, Times Higher Education Supplement"

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Book SynopsisHow should Americans deal with racial and ethnic diversity? Communities across the country have attempted to answer it by organizing discussions among diverse volunteers in an attempt to improve race relations. This work looks at this strategy to reveal the reasons behind the method and the effects it has in the cities and towns that undertake it.Trade Review"An important and original work, Talking about Race provides a unique and critical contribution to research on deliberation. It is a major empirical study of inter-personal communication and is of great importance not only to specialists in political deliberation but also to the wider community of scholars interested in political communication." - Diana Owen, Georgetown University"

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Book SynopsisMakes concepts of physics easier to grasp by relating them to everyday knowledgeTrade ReviewKrieger . . . excellently tells those in our human society outside the physics world how physicists think, plan, and go about understanding nature. * Choice *This book is a cultural phenomenology of doing physics. It describes the ways physicists actually do their work—their motives, and their ways of making sense of the world—so that outsiders can understand it. * good reads *This is an important and provocative book, timely and full of insight. Fail to read it, and you may miss out on the physics of the future. -- John Gribbin * New Scientist *This unusual book introduces 'the moves, the rituals, the incantations' physicists invoke as they go about conceptualizing Nature. The lucid-but-loaded writing makes quite complex ideas accessible to the mathless reader. . . . The rewards are a better understanding of how physics is done. * Whole Earth Millennial Catalog *An excellent [and innovative] book. * Isis *Table of ContentsPreface Degrees of Freedom; A Note to the Reader; A Note for the Scholars; This Second Edition; Acknowledgments1. The Division of Labor: The Factory Nature as a Factory; Handles and Stories. What Everyday Walls Must Do; Walls for a Factory; Walls as Providential. Particles, Objects, and Workers; What Particles Must Be Like; Intuitions of Walls and Particles. What Fields Must Be Like.2. Taking Apart and Putting Together: The Clockworks, The Calculus, and the Computer The Right Degrees of Freedom; The Clockworks and The Calculus. Parts Are Strategies; Independence and Randomness; Dependence, Spreadsheets, and Differential Equations; Additivity and The Calculus; Disjoint Functionality and Interpretability: Bureaucracy, Flow Processing Plants, and Object-Oriented Programming; Sequence and Procedure. Parts Are Commitments.3. Freedom and Necessity: Family and Kinship Recapitulation and Prospect; Kinship, Exchange, and Plenitude; Systematics in the Field; The Problem of "Quite Rarely"; Markets and Fetishes; Taking the Rules Seriously; Structure and System.4. The Vacuum and The Creation: Setting a Stage So Far, an Epitome; Sweeping Up the Vacuum; Symmetry and Order. The Empty Stage; Of Nothing, Something, and the Vacuum. Setting Up the Stage; Ideologies for a Vacuum; The Dialectic of Finding a Good Vacuum; The Analogy of Substance, Once More. Fluctuations in a Vacuum. Annealing the World.5. Handles, Probes, and Tools: A Rhetoric of Nature A Craft of Science; Some Handles onto the World (Particles, Crystals, Gasses; Analogy; Phase Transitions; Knowledge Is Handling). Probes; Objectivity and Inelasticity; Probes and Handles. Tools and Toolkits; A Physicist's Toolkit; So Far.6. Production Machinery: Mathematics for Analysis and Description Philosophical Analysis and Phenomenological Description; Machinery and Production Processes; Naming and Modeling the World; Demonstrations and Proofs as Strategies of Explanation; Understanding "The Physics"; Analogy and Syzygy; The Mathematics and The Physics7. An EpitomeNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisWritten to introduce English audiences to logical positivism, this book lays out Reichenbach's responses to scientific advances and his work in space-time theories, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanis, and in the development of probability theory.Trade Review“. . . reprints the classic treatise by German-American philosopher of science Hans Reichenbach (1891-1953). . . Experience and Prediction breaks down the fundamental conundrums of existence, reduction, projection, construction, the nature of the ego, probability logic, and much more.” —Midwest Book Review"Hans Reichenbach's Experience and Prediction is one of the most important books in twentieth-century philosophy of science. Its author was, along with Rudolf Carnap, one of the two principal ambassadors to North America of the exciting new European philosophical movement known here under the names 'Logical Positivism' and 'Scientific Philosophy.' In 1938, when the book was published, Reichenbach was an exile from his native Germany, teaching in Istanbul, Turkey, and about to emigrate to the United States to take up a prestigious position at UCLA. He wrote Experience and Prediction in English as his calling card to his new American colleagues. More than any other single book, Experience and Prediction set the agenda for the new discipline of the philosophy of science that was to emerge after World War II as, perhaps, the most exciting new area in North American philosophy. Many of the problems still at the focus of discussion were given their classic formulations in this book. Long out of print, Experience and Prediction appears here in a new edition accompanied by a splendid historical introduction by the noted young philosopher and historian of the philosophy of science, Alan Richardson. A jewel of a book may once again be appreciated in its proper setting." —Don A. Howard, University of Notre Dame"Experience and Prediction reprints the classic treatise by German-American philosopher of science Hans Reichenbach (1891-1953). . . Experience and Prediction breaks down the fundamental conundrums of existence, reduction, projection, construction, the nature of the ego, probability logic, and much more." —Wisconsin Bookwatch

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Book SynopsisThe first account of the role Britain played in Einstein's life—first by inspiring his teenage passion for physics, then by providing refuge from the NazisTrade Review“Highly readable.” —Andrew Crumey, Wall Street Journal “Deeply interesting”—Naomi Pasachoff, Metascience“Robinson’s evocative account of a transitional phase in Einstein’s life offers a valuable new perspective on this great scientist’s personality.”—Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal and former president of the Royal Society“A well-researched and very readable book about a less well-known period in Einstein’s life – his contact with England and English scientists.”—Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Visiting Professor of Astrophysics, University of Oxford“I absolutely adore this book – it’s insightful and very well-written. Einstein’s time in and relation to Britain from an Anglophile perspective is a new and valuable contribution. Robinson is also a very fine storyteller.”—Steven Gimbel, author of Einstein: His Space and Times“The very first study of its kind. It wears its thorough and conscientious scholarship lightly on its sleeve­—a splendidly entertaining read.”—Ze’ev Rosenkranz, editor of The Travel Diaries of Albert Einstein“A compelling tale of Einstein’s reception in Britain. Robinson casts in bold relief important insights into the nature and character of British and German societies in the interwar period.”—Robert Schulmann, Former head of the Einstein Papers Project

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Book SynopsisWine is radioactive? Organic foods have more poison in them than those grown with pesticides? Best-selling author Richard A. Muller enlightens us.

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Book SynopsisEmphasizes the physical principles, placing the physics before the mathematics. Each chapter includes problems ranging in difficulty from simple to challenging. Includes hints for solving problems. Numerous worked examples included throughout the book. More advanced material is included in optional sections marked with an asterisk. .Trade Review"Each chapter is accompanied by a set of problems that form an important part of the book. The book could be used by undergraduate students taking a course in oscillation or wave physics." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2010) "The text concisely describes vibrations and waves through mathematical equations with an emphasis on their physical meaning." (Outrider, January 2010)Table of ContentsEditors' Preface to the Manchester Physics Series xi Author's Preface xiii 1 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 1 1.1 Physical Characteristics of Simple Harmonic Oscillators 1 1.2 A Mass on a Spring 2 1.2.1 A mass on a horizontal spring 2 1.2.2 A mass on a vertical spring 5 1.2.3 Displacement, velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion 5 1.2.4 General solutions for simple harmonic motion and the phase angle φ 7 1.2.5 The energy of a simple harmonic oscillator 10 1.2.6 The physics of small vibrations 12 1.3 The Pendulum 17 1.3.1 The simple pendulum 17 1.3.2 The energy of a simple pendulum 19 1.3.3 The physical pendulum 22 1.3.4 Numerical solution of simple harmonic motion3 24 1.4 Oscillations in Electrical Circuits: Similarities in Physics 27 1.4.1 The LC circuit 27 1.4.2 Similarities in physics 29 PROBLEMS 1 29 2 THE DAMPED HARMONIC OSCILLATOR 33 2.1 Physical Characteristics of the Damped Harmonic Oscillator 33 2.2 The Equation of Motion for a Damped Harmonic Oscillator 34 2.2.1 Light damping 35 2.2.2 Heavy damping 37 2.2.3 Critical damping 38 2.3 Rate of Energy Loss in a Damped Harmonic Oscillator 41 2.3.1 The quality factor Q of a damped harmonic oscillator 43 2.4 Damped Electrical Oscillations 46 PROBLEMS 2 47 3 FORCED OSCILLATIONS 49 3.1 Physical Characteristics of Forced Harmonic Motion 50 3.2 The Equation of Motion of a Forced Harmonic Oscillator 50 3.2.1 Undamped forced oscillations 50 3.2.2 Forced oscillations with damping 54 3.3 Power Absorbed During Forced Oscillations 60 3.4 Resonance in Electrical Circuits 64 3.5 Transient Phenomena 66 3.6 The Complex Representation of Oscillatory Motion 68 3.6.1 Complex numbers 68 3.6.2 The use of complex numbers to represent physical quantities 71 3.6.3 Use of the complex representation for forced oscillations with damping 74 PROBLEMS 3 74 4 COUPLED OSCILLATORS 77 4.1 Physical Characteristics of Coupled Oscillators 77 4.2 Normal Modes of Oscillation 78 4.3 Superposition of Normal Modes 81 4.4 Oscillating Masses Coupled by Springs 87 4.5 Forced Oscillations of Coupled Oscillators 93 4.6 Transverse Oscillations 96 PROBLEMS 4 99 5 TRAVELLING WAVES 105 5.1 Physical Characteristics of Waves 106 5.2 Travelling Waves 106 5.2.1 Travelling sinusoidal waves 109 5.3 The Wave Equation 112 5.4 The Equation of a Vibrating String 114 5.5 The Energy in a Wave 116 5.6 The Transport of Energy by a Wave 119 5.7 Waves at Discontinuities 121 5.8 Waves in Two and Three Dimensions 126 5.8.1 Waves of circular or spherical symmetry 130 PROBLEMS 5 133 6 STANDING WAVES 137 6.1 Standing Waves on a String 137 6.2 Standing Waves as the Superposition of Two Travelling Waves 144 6.3 The Energy in a Standing Wave 147 6.4 Standing Waves as Normal Modes of a Vibrating String 149 6.4.1 The superposition principle 149 6.4.2 The superposition of normal modes 150 6.4.3 The amplitudes of normal modes and Fourier analysis 153 6.4.4 The energy of vibration of a string 156 PROBLEMS 6 158 7 INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION OF WAVES 161 7.1 Interference and Huygen’s Principle 161 7.1.1 Young’s double-slit experiment 163 7.1.2 Michelson spectral interferometer 170 7.2 Diffraction 172 7.2.1 Diffraction at a single slit 172 7.2.2 Circular apertures and angular resolving power 177 7.2.3 Double slits of finite width 179 PROBLEMS 7 181 8 THE DISPERSION OF WAVES 183 8.1 The Superposition of Waves in Non-Dispersive Media 183 8.1.1 Beats 184 8.1.2 Amplitude modulation of a radio wave 186 8.2 The Dispersion of Waves 187 8.2.1 Phase and group velocities 188 8.3 The Dispersion Relation 192 8.4 Wave Packets 195 8.4.1 Formation of a wave packet 197 PROBLEMS 8 201 APPENDIX: SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS 205 Index 223

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Book SynopsisEmphasizing physical principles behind classical mechanics and relativity, this new title in the Manchester Physics Series introduces relevant mathematics and carefully develops it as needed within a physics context. Each chapter includes problems ranging in difficulty from simple to challenging with hints for solving problems.Trade Review Table of ContentsEditors’ Preface to the Manchester Physics Series xi Author’s Preface xiii I Introductory Dynamics 1 1 Space, Time and Motion 3 1.1 Defining Space and Time 3 1.1.1 Space and the classical particle 4 1.1.2 Unit vectors 6 1.1.3 Addition and subtraction of vectors 6 1.1.4 Multiplication of vectors 7 1.1.5 Time 8 1.1.6 Absolute space and space-time 10 1.2 Vectors and Co-ordinate Systems 11 1.3 Velocity and Acceleration 14 1.3.1 Frames of reference 16 1.3.2 Relative motion 16 1.3.3 Uniform acceleration 18 1.3.4 Velocity and acceleration in plane-polar co-ordinates: uniform circular motion 20 1.4 Standards and Units 21 2 Force, Momentum and Newton’s Laws 25 2.1 Force and Static Equilibrium 25 2.2 Force and Motion 31 2.2.1 Newton’s Third Law 35 2.2.2 Newton’s bucket and Mach’s principle 39 2.3 Applications of Newton’s Laws 41 2.3.1 Free body diagrams 41 2.3.2 Three worked examples 42 2.3.3 Normal forces and friction 46 2.3.4 Momentum conservation 49 2.3.5 Impulse 51 2.3.6 Motion in fluids 51 3 Energy 55 3.1 Work, Power and Kinetic Energy 56 3.2 Potential Energy 61 3.2.1 The stability of mechanical systems 64 3.2.2 The harmonic oscillator 65 3.2.3 Motion about a point of stable equilibrium 67 3.3 Collisions 68 3.3.1 Zero-momentum frames 68 3.3.2 Elastic and inelastic collisions 71 3.4 Energy Conservation in Complex Systems 75 4 Angular Momentum 81 4.1 Angular Momentum of a Particle 81 4.2 Conservation of Angular Momentum in Systems of Particles 83 4.3 Angular Momentum and Rotation About a Fixed Axis 86 4.3.1 The parallel-axis theorem 94 4.4 Sliding and Rolling 95 4.5 Angular Impulse and the Centre of Percussion 97 4.6 Kinetic Energy of Rotation 99 II Introductory Special Relativity 103 5 The Need for a New Theory of Space and Time 105 5.1 Space and Time Revisited 105 5.2 Experimental Evidence 108 5.2.1 The Michelson-Morley experiment 108 5.2.2 Stellar aberration 110 5.3 Einstein’s Postulates 113 6 Relativistic Kinematics 115 6.1 Time Dilation, Length Contraction and Simultaneity 115 6.1.1 Time dilation and the Doppler effect 116 6.1.2 Length contraction 121 6.1.3 Simultaneity 123 6.2 Lorentz Transformations 124 6.3 Velocity Transformations 129 6.3.1 Addition of velocities 129 6.3.2 Stellar aberration revisited 130 7 Relativistic Energy and Momentum 135 7.1 Momentum and Energy 135 7.1.1 The equivalence of mass and energy 142 7.1.2 The hint of an underlying symmetry 144 7.2 Applications in Particle Physics 145 7.2.1 When is relativity important? 146 7.2.2 Two useful relations and massless particles 149 7.2.3 Compton scattering 152 III Advanced Dynamics 157 8 Non-inertial Frames 159 8.1 Linearly Accelerating Frames 159 8.2 Rotating Frames 161 8.2.1 Motion on the earth 165 9 Gravitation 173 9.1 Newton’s Law of Gravity 174 9.2 The Gravitational Potential 177 9.3 Reduced Mass 182 9.4 Motion in a Central Force 184 9.5 Orbits 186 10 Rigid Body Motion 197 10.1 The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body 198 10.2 The Moment of Inertia Tensor 200 10.2.1 Calculating the moment of inertia tensor 203 10.3 Principal Axes 207 10.4 Fixed-axis Rotation in the Lab Frame 212 10.5 Euler’s Equations 214 10.6 The Free Rotation of a Symmetric Top 216 10.6.1 The body-fixed frame 216 10.6.2 The lab frame 218 10.6.3 The wobbling earth 223 10.7 The Stability of Free Rotation 224 10.8 Gyroscopes 226 10.8.1 Gyroscopic precession 226 10.8.2 Nutation of a gyroscope 232 IV Advanced Special Relativity 237 11 The Symmetries of Space and Time 239 11.1 Symmetry in Physics 239 11.1.1 Rotations and translations 240 11.1.2 Translational symmetry 245 11.1.3 Galilean symmetry 246 11.2 Lorentz Symmetry 247 12 Four-vectors and Lorentz Invariants 253 12.1 The Velocity Four-vector 254 12.2 The Wave Four-vector 255 12.3 The Energy-momentum Four-vector 258 12.3.1 Further examples in relativistic kinematics 259 12.4 Electric and Magnetic Fields 262 13 Space-time Diagrams and Causality 267 13.1 Relativity Preserves Causality 270 13.2 An Alternative Approach 272 14 Acceleration and General Relativity 279 14.1 Acceleration in Special Relativity 279 14.1.1 Twins paradox 280 14.1.2 Accelerating frames of reference 282 14.2 A Glimpse of General Relativity 288 14.2.1 Gravitational fields 290 A Deriving the Geodesic Equation 295 B Solutions to Problems 297

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