Physical chemistry Books

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Book SynopsisThe primary electron-molecule interaction processes of elastic and in­ elastic electron scattering, electron-impact ionization, electron-impact dissociation, and electron attachment are discussed, and state-of-the­ art authoritative data on the cross sections of these processes as well as on rate and transport coefficients are provided.Table of Contents1. Fundamental Electron-Molecule Interactions and their Technological Significance.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Low Energy Electron-Molecule Interaction Processes.- 2.1 Interactions of Low-Energy Electrons with Ground-State Molecules.- 2.2 Interactions of Low-Energy Electrons With Excited Molecules.- 2.3 Interactions of Low-Energy Electrons with Molecules in High Pressure Gases, Liquids, Clusters, and with Molecules at Surfaces.- 2.4 Interactions of Low-Energy Electrons With Transient Species (Radicals).- 3 Significance of Electron-Molecule Interactions in Plasma Processing.- 3.1 Low-Temperature, Low-Density, Non-Equilibrium Plasmas.- 3.2 Generation, Use, and Modeling of Low-Pressure Plasmas.- 3.3 Primary and Secondary Reactions.- 4 The Present Work.- 5 References.- 2. Electron-Molecule Interactions in the Gas Phase: Cross Sections and Coefficients.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Collision Cross Sections.- 2.1 Cross Sections for Elastic Electron Scattering.- 2.2 Cross Sections for Inelastic Electron Scattering.- 2.3 Partial Cross Sections.- 2.4 Total Electron Scattering Cross Section, ?sc,t (?).- 2.5 Methods of Measurement.- 2.6 Calculations.- 3 Coefficients and Rate Constants.- 3.1 Electron Transport Coefficients.- 3.2 Coefficients for Electron Attachment, and Electron-Impact Ionization and Excitation.- 3.3 Rate Constants.- 3.4 Methods of Measurement.- 4 Boltzmann-Code-Generated Collision Cross-Section Sets.- 5 References.- 3. Synthesis and Assessment of Electron Collision Data.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Synthesis, Assessment, and Recommendation of Data.- 2.1 Determination of the Cross Section for Momentum Transfer, ?m(?) of CF4.- 2.2 Determination of the Total Electron Scattering Cross Section, ?sc,t (?) of CF4 Below 1 eV 117.- 2.3 Determination of the Total Electron Attachment Cross Section, ?a,t (?), of Cl2.- 2.4 Consistency Between the Assessed Cross Sections.- 3 Deduction of Unavailable Data and Understanding from Assessed Data, New Measurements, and Data Needs.- 3.1 Deduction of Unavailable Data.- 3.2 A Better Understanding from Assessed Data.- 3.3 Determination of Data Needs and New Related Measurements and Calculations.- 4 Dissemination and Updating of the Database.- 5 References.- 4. Electron Interactions with CF4, C2F6, AND C3F8.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Electron Interactions with CF4.- 2.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of CF4.- 2.2 Electron Scattering from CF4.- 2.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of CF4.- 2.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of CF4 into Neutral Fragments.- 2.5 Electron Attachment to CF4.- 2.6 Electron Transport in CF4.- 2.7 Electron Interactions with CF4 Neutral Fragments.- 2.8 Summary of Recommended and Suggested Electron Collision Cross Sections and Electron Transport Coefficients for CF4.- 3 Electron Interactions with C2F6.- 3.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of C2F6.- 3.2 Electron Scattering from C2F6.- 3.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of C2F6.- 3.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of C2F6 into Neutral Fragments.- 3.5 Electron Attachment to C2F6.- 3.6 Electron Transport in C2F6.- 3.7 Summary of Recommended and Suggested Electron Collision Cross Sections and Electron Transport Coefficients for C2F6.- 4 Electron Interactions with C3F8.- 4.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of C3F8.- 4.2 Electron Scattering from C3F8.- 4.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of C3F8.- 4.4 Ionization Coefficients for C3F8.- 4.5 Electron-Impact Dissociation of C3F8 Producing Neutrals.- 4.6 Electron Attachment to C3F8.- 4.7 Electron Transport in C3F8.- 4.8 Summary of Recommended and Suggested Electron Collision Cross Sections and Electron Transport Coefficients for C3F8.- 5 References.- 5. Electron Interactions with CHF3, CF3I, AND c-C4F8.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Electron Interactions with CHF3.- 2.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of CHF3.- 2.2 Electron Scattering from CHF3.- 2.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of CHF3 into Neutral Fragments.- 2.5 Electron Attachment to CHF3.- 2.6 Electron Transport Coefficients for CHF3.- 2.7 Electron-Impact Induced Light Emission from CHF3.- 2.8 Electron Interactions with CHF3 Neutral Fragments.- 2.9 Summary of Recommended and Suggested Cross Sections and Coefficients for CHF3.- 3 Electron Interactions with CF3I.- 3.1 Electronic Structure and Basic Properties of CF3I.- 3.2 Electron Scattering Cross Sections for CF3I.- 3.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of CF3I.- 3.4 Electron Attachment to CF3I.- 3.5 Optical Emission from Electron Impact on CF3I.- 3.6 Summary of Suggested Cross Sections and Coefficients for CF3I.- 4 Electron Interactions with c-C4F8.- 4.1 Structural and Electronic Properties of c-C4F8.- 4.2 Electron Scattering Cross Sections for c-C4F8.- 4.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of c-C4F8.- 4.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of c-C4F8 into Neutral Fragments.- 4.5 Electron Attachment to c-C4F8.- 4.6 Electron Transport Coefficients for c-C4F8.- 4.7 Ion-Molecule Reactions in c-C4F8.- 4.8 Summary of Suggested and Recommended Cross Sections and Coefficients for c-C4F8.- 5 References.- 6. Electron Interactions with Cl2, CCl2F2, BCl3, AND SF6.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Electron Interactions with Cl2.- 2.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of Cl2.- 2.2 Electron Scattering from Cl2.- 2.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of Cl2.- 2.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of Cl2 into Neutral Fragments.- 2.5 Electron Attachment to Cl2.- 2.6 Electron Transport in Cl2.- 2.7 Optical Emission from Cl2 Gas Discharges.- 2.8 Suggested Cross Sections and Coefficients for Cl2.- 2.9 Electron Collision Data for Cl and Cl+.- 2.10 Electron Detachment, Electron Transfer, and Recombination and Diffusion Processes Involving Cl2.- 2.11 Summary of Data for Other Species and Processes Involving Cl2 Plasmas.- 3 Electron Interactions with CCl2F2.- 3.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of CCl2F2.- 3.2 Electron Scattering from CCl2F2.- 3.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of CCl2F2.- 3.4 Electron-Impact Dissociation of CCl2F2 into Neutral Fragments.- 3.5 Electron Attachment to CCl2F2.- 3.6 Electron Transport in CCl2F2.- 3.7 Optical Emission Under Electron Impact on CCl2F2.- 3.8 Recommended and Suggested Cross Sections and Coefficients for CCl2F2.- 4 Electron Interactions with BCl3.- 4.1 Structural and Electronic Properties of BCl3.- 4.2 Electron Scattering from BCl3.- 4.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of BCl3.- 4.4 Electron Attachment to BCl3.- 4.5 Electron Transport Coefficients for BCl3.- 4.6 Suggested and Needed Data for BCl3.- 5 Electron Interactions with SF6.- 5.1 Electronic and Molecular Structure of SF6.- 5.2 Electron Scattering by SF6.- 5.3 Electron-Impact Ionization of SF6.- 5.4 Cross Sections, ?dis,neut (?), for Electron-Impact Dissociation of SF6 into Neutral Fragments.- 5.5 Electron Attachment to SF6.- 5.6 Electron Transport in SF6.- 5.7 Autodetachment, Thermally Induced Detachment, Photo detachment, and Collisional Detachment of SF6?.- 5.8 Ion Transport in SF6.- 5.9 Recommended and Suggested Electron Collision Cross Sections and Electron Transport Coefficients for SF6.- 6 References.

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Table of Contents1. Physical principles and early history.- 2. The calculation of permeabilities for one-dimensional barriers.- 3. The application of tunnel corrections in chemical kinetics.- 4. The theory of kinetic isotope effects.- 5. Experimental evidence for tunnelling in chemical reactions.- 6. Tunnelling in molecular spectra.- 7. A review of the present position.- Appendix A. Notes on hypergeometric functions.- Appendix C. Derivation of the tunnel correction for a parabolic barrier.- References.- Author index.

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Book SynopsisA detailed treatment of information relating to fluid-oxide interfaces. It outlines methods for quantifying adsorption and desorption of polymeric and non-polymeric solutes at the gas- and solution-oxide interfaces. It also analyzes novel properties of oxide membranes and the synthesis and dissolution of oxide solids.Table of ContentsThe liquid-metal oxide interface: equilibrium adsorption of non-polymeric molecules; adsorption kinetics of non-polymeric molecules; equilibrium adsorption of polymeric molecules; adsorption kinetics of polymeric molecules; activity and electrostatics; surface complex formation; surface and adsorption bond characterization; dissolution of metal oxides; clay surfaces; non-aqueous liquid-metal oxide interface; graft polymerization on oxide surfaces; polymerization in hemimicelles of oxide surfaces; metal oxide membranes. The vapour-metal oxide interface: adsorption - statistical mechanics (vibrational interactions); adsorption - thermodynamic (uniform interpretations); metal oxide catalysts; metal oxide aerogels.

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Book SynopsisDescribes preparation techniques of protein-based surfactants (PBS) in the laboratory by a variety of chemical and enzymatic means, production by using different types of amino acids, and marketplace applications of PBS in medical and personal care products, detergents, cosmetics, antimicrobial agents, and foods.Table of ContentsAn overview of the basis, technology, and surface phenomena of protein-based surfactants; natural raw materials and enzymatic modification of agricultural by-products for protein-based surfactants; protein interaction at interfaces; amino acid surfactants - chemistry, synthesis and properties; enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of protein-based surfactants - amphoteric surfactants; arginine lipopeptide surfactants with antimicrobial activity; essentially fluorinated synthetic surfactants based on amino acids or oligopeptides; interactions of amino acid-based surfactants with other compounds; potential applications of protein-based surfactants; current market developments and trends in amino acid- and protein-based surfactants.

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Book SynopsisAn examination of the theoretical foundations of the kinetics and thermodynamics of solid-liquid interfaces, as well as state-of-the-art industrial applications, this book presents information on surface and colloidal chemical processes and evaluates vital analytical tools such as atomic force microscopy, surface force apparatus measurements, and photon correlation spectroscopy.Trade Review". . .provides a valuable resource for researchers involved in classical investigations of adorption of low-molecular-weight entities on inorganic surfaces and accompanying theories and empirical models."---Journal of the American Chemical SocietyTable of ContentsEquilibria in electrolyte solutions; the significance of interfacial water structure in colloidal systems - dynamic aspects; thermodynamics of adsorption at heterogenous solid/liquid interfaces; surface complexation model for solid/liquid interfaces; enthalpy of surface charging; interpretation of interfacial equilibria on the basis of adsorption and electrokinetic data; electrical interfacial layer in nonaqueous solvents; immersion phenomena; ionic adsorption/desorption kinetics; quantitative analysis of protein adsorption kinetics; microcalorimetric studies of biomaterials at interface; kinetics and mechanisms of crystal growth in aqueous systems; dissolution of calcium hydroxyapatite; interfacial chemistry of dissolving metal oxide particles - dissolution by organic acids; ion transport and electrical conductivity in heterogenous systems - the case of microemulsions; electrical behaviour of inorganic thin films in electrolyte media; thermosensitive gels; vapour adsorption isotherms of medium-sized alcohols on various solids and the behaviour of adsorbed molecules; interactions at colloidal soil and sediment interfaces; application of surfactants in liquid printing inks.

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Book SynopsisOffering the latest research and developments in the understanding of surfactant behavior in solutions, this reference investigates the role and dynamics of surfactants and their solution properties.Table of ContentsHighlights of Research on Molecular Interactions at Interfaces from the University of Florida, Interaction Between Surfactant-Stabilized Particles: Dynamic Aspects,Solid Particles at Liquid Interfaces, Including Their Effects on Emulsion and Foam Stability, From Polymeric Films to Nanocapsules,Investigation of Amphiphilic Systems by Subzero Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Aggregation Behavior of Dimeric and Gemini Surfactants in Solution: Raman, Selective Decoupling 13C NMR, and SANS Studies, Snared by Trapping: Chemical Explorations of Interfacial Compositions of Cationic Micelles, Effect of Surfactants on Pregastric Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Triacylglycerols and Esters, Effect of Benzyl Alcohol on the Properties of CTAB/KBr Micellar Systems,Vesicle Formation by Chemical Reactions: Spontaneous Vesicle Formation in Mixtures of Zwitterionic and Catanionic Surfactants, Mechanism of the Clouding Phenomenon in Surfactant Solutions, Atomic Force Microscopy of Adsorbed Surfactant Micelles, A Simple Model to Predict Nonlinear Viscoelasticity and Shear Banding Flow of Wormlike Micellar Solutions, Preparation and Stabilization of Silver Colloids in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions, Silver and Palladium Nanoparticles Incorporated in Layer Structured Materials, Water-in-Carbon Dioxide Microemulsions Stabilized by Fluorosurfactants, Organic Synthesis in Microemulsions: An Alternative or a Complement to Phase Transfer Catalysis, Physicochemical Characterization of Nanoparticles Synthesized in Microemulsions, Phase Behavior of Microemulsion Systems Based on Optimized Nonionic Surfactants, Microemulsions in Foods: Challenges and Applications, Microemulsion-Based Viscosity Index Improvers, Foams, Foam Films, and Monolayers, Role of Entry Barriers in Foam Destruction by Oil Drops, Principles of Emulsion Formulation Engineering, JNano-Emulsions: Formation, Properties, and Applications, Surface Modifications of Liposomes for Recognition and Response to Environmen

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Book SynopsisAnswering the need for information that could revolutionize the development of alternate solar energy sources and the reduction of atmospheric contaminants, Semiconductor Photochemistry and Photophysics reflects renewed interest inspired by the unique properties of nanocrystalline semiconductor particles. It provides a thorough overview and describes fundamental research aimed at understanding the underlying mechanisms of the cells and looks at the application of nanocrystalline TiO2 as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation. Key topics include semiconductor photoelectrochemistry, dye-sensitized solar cells, and photocatalytic treatment of chemical waste.Table of Contents1. Heterosupramolecular Devices Based on Nanocrystalline Semiconductors 2. The Essential Interface: Studies in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 3. Photo-Induced Electron Transfer Reactivity at Nanoscale Semiconductor–Solution Interfaces: Case Studies with Dye-Sensitized SnO2–Water Interfaces 4. Current Status of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 5. Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Layered Semiconductor Nanoparticles 6. Mechanisms of the Photocatalytic Transformation of Organic Compounds 7. Titanium Dioxide-Photocatalyzed Reactions of Organophosphorus Compounds in Aqueous Media 8. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Gas-Phase Aromatic Contaminants 9. Design and Development of New Titanium Dioxide Semiconductor Photocatalysts 10. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Mesoscopic Oxide Semiconductor Films 11. Applications of Semiconductor Electro-Optical Properties to Chemical Sensing

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Book SynopsisLiquid Interfacial Systems assembles and analyzes concepts and findings as an inclusive summation of fluid-fluid interfacial phenomena. This book covers excitation, stabilization, and suppression of instability at liquid interfaces.Table of ContentsA first discussion of instability phenomena driven by the Marangoni effect; excitation of isothermal liquid surface instability by variable force fields; stabilizing influence of high frequency vibrations on the possible instability of an isothermalliquid surface; thermocapillary instability of the free surface of a plane liquid layer; convective instability of a liquid layer with a permeable partition; thermocapillary instability of two-layer systems with liquid-liquid or liquid-gas interfaces;thermocapillary instability in multilayer systems; thermocapillary convection of constrained interfaces; thermocapillary migration of bubbles and drops; spreading and layer breaking driven by the Marangoni effect; parametric wave excitation innonisothermal liquid layers; thermocapillary instability of a liquid interface under the joint action of high frequency vibration and the Marangoni effect.

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Book SynopsisCovers studies on various residual stresses, reaction processes and mechanisms, heat treatment methods and plasma-based techniques. This work offers an understanding of surface structural changes that occur during various engineering procedures. It offers guidelines for the consideration and design of wear life and frictional performance.Trade Review"This book will serve as a valuable reference tool for all of those in the tribology field for years to come."-Journal Of Surfactants and Detergents, Vol. 9, 2006Table of ContentsSurface Modification and Mechanisms

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Book SynopsisChemists increasingly apply electrochemical methods to the investigation of their systems, in particular towards a better understanding of molecular properties, the exploration of chemical reactions involving electron-transfer (ET), the initiation of further reactions by ET, the kinetic measurements, and the establishment of the reaction mechanisms, as well as the synthesis (electrosynthesis) of desired products.Trends in Molecular Electrochemistry presents recent research on procedures in molecular electroactivation and electrocatalysis, bioelectrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, and unconventional electrochemistry. The book highlights the state-of-the-art in the application of electrochemistry by taking an interdisciplinary approach to the study of both static and dynamic molecular properties of coordination compounds as well as inorganic, bioinorganic, and organometallic complexes, supramolecular systems, and metalloenzymes. The principles and approaches are often alsoTrade Review"… presents the latest research, using an interdisciplinary approach, in the application of electrochemistry to study various molecular systems."- Journal of American Chemical Society, 2005Table of ContentsRedox and Other Molecular Properties. Molecular Electroactivation. Bioelectrochemistry. Supramolecular Electrochemistry.

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Book SynopsisProviding in-depth coverage of the technologies and various approaches, Luminous Chemical Vapor Deposition and Interface Engineering showcases the development and utilization of LCVD procedures in industrial scale applications. It offers a wide range of examples, case studies, and recommendations for clear understanding of this innovative science. The book comprises four parts. Part 1 describes the fundamental difference between glow discharge of an inert gas and that of an organic vapor, from which the concepts of Luminous Gas Phase derive. Part 2 explores the various ways of practicing Luminous Vapor Disposition and Treatment depending on the type and nature of substrates. Part 3 covers some very important aspects of surface and interface that could not have been seen clearly without results obtained by application of LCVD. Part 4 offers some examples of interface engineering that show very unique aspects of LCVD interface engineering in composite materials, biomaterial surfaTrade Review"Provides an excellent introduction to the field of plasma polymerization. …The book is lucid and well-organized, with great attention paid to depth and breadth of coverage. What is particularly impressive is the effort put into making the topic of LCVD accessible to researchers outside the field. …This book should prove quite helpful to anyone doing LCVD or interested in evaluating the applicability of this method to their systems."-Polymer News, Vince Rotello, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA "This new book is the most comprehensive treatment of the subject ever published and represents both significant advances in depth of presentation and breath of coverage as compared to the 1985 book by the same author."-Journal Of Surfactants and Detergents, Vol. 9, 2006Table of ContentsFundamentals of Luminous Chemical Vapor Deposition. Operation of Luminous Chemical Vapor Deposition and Treatment. Fundamentals of Surface and Interface. Interface Engineering.

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Book SynopsisA description of applications to electrical conductors, nonlinear optical devices, polymer light-omitting diodes (LEDs), electronic devices, batteries, antistatic coatings, and transistors. It reviews cases of metal-organic polymers incorporated with traditional organic polymers; assesses key properties of conjugated polymers; discusses features of d10 complexes and their interactions with DNA; and more.Trade Review". . .provides a comprehensive account of rapidly developing topics in inorganic photochemsitry, and its purchase can be emphatically recommended for specialists and relevant libraries."---Angewandte Chemie ". . .provides an excellent review of the multimetallic and macromolecular photochemistry and will generally serve as a useful reference, particularly to photochemists. It is recommended as valuable resource in a private or institutional library."---Journal of the American Chemical Society ". . .provide[s] a survey of present research in the most important directions. . ..This volume will be welcomed by the researchers and graduate students working in organic supramolecular chemistry. . ..[a] wealth of information."---Polymer News, 2001Table of ContentsMetal-organic conducting polymers - photoactive switching in molecular wires; luminescence behaviour of polynuclear metals complexes of copper (I), silver (I), and gold (I); electron transfer within synthetic polypeptides and de novo designed proteins; tridentate bridging ligands in the construction of stereochemically defined supramolecular complexes; the photophysical and photochemical properties of metallo-1,2-enedithiolates; molecular and supramolecular photochemistry of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive reference provided a systematic examination of both the theory and applications of thin liquid films - giving a critical review of major concepts and unresolved or controversial problems, as well as revealing experimental methods. It includes results previously unpublished. Combining the work of 20 leading researchers, Thin Liquid Films furnishes a fundamental overview of thermodynamics of thin liquid films. Generously illustrated with equations, tables and drawling and containing more than 2,200 citations to pertinent literature, this is an authoritative reference for physical, surface, and colloid chemists, biophysicists and physicists; chemical engineers and advanced graduate students in chemistry, chemical engineering, biophysics and physics.Table of ContentsThermodynamics of Thin Liquid Films, Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Curved Thin Films, Statistical Mechanics of Inhomogeneous Films of Nonelectrolytes, Van de Waals Interactions in Thin Films, Electrostatic Interactions in Thin Films, Steric Interactions in Thin Liquid Films, Thin Film Drainage, The Hydrodymanics Stability of Thin Films, Light Scattering from Thin Liquid Films, Coalescence in Dense-Packed Dispersions, Equilibrium Properties of Adsorbed Surfactant films with Applications to Emulsion and Foam Stability, Thin Films from Liquid Crystals, Bilayer Lipid Membranes (BLM) in Aqueous Media, electrical Breakdown of Bilayer Lipid Membranes

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Book SynopsisLaser photoelectron emission not only allows investigation of interfaces between electrodes and solution, but also provides a method for fast generation of intermediate species in the vicinity of the interface and so permits study of their electrode reactions. Laser Electrochemistry of Intermediates presents the first-ever comprehensive review of this important phenomenon and its electrochemical applications.The book explores how the innovative method of laser electron emission from metal electrodes resolves two fundamental problems inherent in current methods of intermediate species (IS) generation and detection: difficulty generating IS quickly in the vicinity of the electrode surface and low IS surface concentration. In addition, for the first time, quasi-free and solvated electrons, hydrogen atoms, simple organic and inorganic radicals, and ions with anomalous valence are systematically studied. Laser Electrochemistry of Intermediates incorporates a unique, two-pronged aTable of ContentsPrefaceElectron Emission from Metal into Electrolyte SolutionOne-Photon Emission. Theoretical Model. Two-Photon Emission. Thermoemission of Nonequilibrium Heated Electron Gas.Excess Electrons in Polar LiquidsThermalization Length. Energy Losses by Photoelectrons. Solvation of Excess Electrons. Solvation Dynamics. Thermodynamic Properties of Excess Electrons.Electron Transfer ReactionsPolarization Coordinate. Dynamic Polarization of Dielectric Continuum. Adiabatic and Non-Adiabatic Reactions. Reorganization Energy and Electronic Matrix Element. Energy Gap Law. Molecular Dynamics of Electron-Transfer Reactions.Regimes of Electrode ReactionsTunneling Current from Metal into Redox Center. Normal, Barrierless and Activationless Discharge. Modified Arrhenius Law. Electronic Friction. Parabolic Marcus' Formula and Tafel Law.Time Resolved Voltammography of Intermediate SpeciesGeneration of Short-Lived IS. Discharge Currents of IS Generated by Electron Emission. Voltammograms of IS Generated by Alternating Photoemission Current. Discharge of IS Generated by Short Photoemission Pulse. Time-Resolved Voltammograms of IS. Characteristic Quadrangle of Tafel Lines for Two-Electron Electrode Reactions.Electrochemistry of Hydrogen AtomsAnomalous Mobility of H Atoms in Water. Ionization of Hydrogen Atoms. Electrochemical Desorption. Electron-Proton Transfer.Electrochemistry of Free Radicals and Ions of Anomalous Valence IS of Electrochemical Carbon Cycle. Electrochemistry of Alkyl and Hydroxyalkyl Radicals. pKa Scale of Weak CH-Acids. IS of the Electrochemical Nitrogen Cycle. Electrode Reactions of Ions of Anomalous Valence. ConclusionBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisAlternating the focus of the series each year, the new volume in the Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction series represents the vanguard of research in ion exchange. Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances, Volume 18 reflects the remarkable breadth of applications inspiring the latest advances, featuring carefully selected contributors in areas including catalysis, molecular imprinting, drug delivery, nanotechnology, green processes, water treatment, and pollution control.The book explores the properties of resins, synthetic polymers, and naturally occurring materials that exhibit ion exchange properties. It explains their role in synthesis reactions with experimental evidence, examples of reactions, and models. The book also provides useful data, calculations, modeling approaches, process variables, and design aspects to consider for a variety of novel applications.Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances, Volume 18 offers an updated perspective on the current and potential capabilities of ion exchange materials in today's most cutting-edge applications.Table of ContentsSorption of Solvent Mixtures in Ion Exchange Resins: Influence of Elastic Properties on Swelling Equilibrium and Kinetics. Development of Simulated Moving Bed Reactor Using a Cation Exchange Resin as a Catalyst/Adsorbent for the Synthesis of Acetals. Ion-Exchange Resins in Drug Delivery. Biopolymers as Supports for Heterogeneous Catalysis - Focus on Chitosan, a Promising Aminopolysaccharide. Ion Exchange Selectivity as a Surrogate Indicator of Relative Permeability of Homovalent Ions in Reverse Osmosis Processes. Chitosan: a Versatile Biopolymer for Separation, Purification and Concentration of Metal Ions. Short-Bed Ion Exchange.

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Book SynopsisThe CRC Handbook of Enthalpy Data of Polymer-Solvent Systems presents data that is as essential to the production, process design, and use of polymers as it is to understanding the physical behavior and intermolecular interactions in polymer solutions and in developing thermodynamic polymer models.Providing an all-encompassing collection of current enthalpy data for all types of polymer solutions, this handbook is a ready companion with Christian Wohlfarthâs previously published handbooks of thermodynamic data for copolymer solutions, aqueous polymer solutions, and polymer solutions at elevated pressures, which contain only a small amount of enthalpic data in comparison to the data presented here. This volume contains 1770 data sets that include enthalpies of mixing and dilution for the entire concentration range as well as partial enthalpies of mixing and solution at infinite dilution. Special appendices allow scientists to access specific systems and data easily. The CRC Handbook of Enthalpy Data of Polymer-Solvent Systems is a practical, one-stop resource that allows polymer chemists, biochemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, and physical chemists involved in both industrial and laboratory processes to quickly retrieve relevant information as needed.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Enthaplies of Mixing or Intermediary Enthalpies of Dilution. Polymer Partial Enthalpies of Mixing (at Infinite Dilution) or Polymer (First) Integral Enthalpies of Solution. Solvent Partial Enthalpies of Mixing Measured by Calorimetry. Partial Molar Enthalpies of Mixing at Infinite Dilution of Solvents and Enthalpies of Solution of Gases/Vapors of Solvents in Molten Polymers from Inverse Gas-Liquid Chromatography (IGC). Table of Systems for Additional Information on Enthalpy Effects in Polymer Solutions.

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Book SynopsisMolecular and Colloidal Electro-Optics presents cohesive coverage from internationally recognized experts on new approaches and developments in both theoretical and experimental areas of electro-optic science. It comprises a well-integrated yet multi-disciplinary treatment of fundamental principles, strategies, and applications of electro-optic techniques for the characterization of macromolecular, small-particle, and nanomolecular systems. Following a historical review of post-war advances in electro-optics of disperse systems, the first part of the book focuses on the latest achievements in electro-optic theory, particularly low-frequency relaxation. It offers comparative discussions and experimental data to accompany different viewpoints on the origin of the low-frequency effects and multiple theoretical constructions. The second part highlights the unique advantage of using electro-optics as an alternative to conventional characterization and analysis of colloidal systemTable of ContentsElectro-optic Methods: Advances in Theory and Methodology. New Applications.

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Book SynopsisMicroscopy of Oxidation: the proceedings of the Second International Conference Held at Selwyn College, University of Cambridge, in 1991.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology has become one of the most important fields in science. Nanoparticles exhibit unique chemical, physical and electronic properties that are different from those of bulk materials, due to their small size and better architecture. Nanoparticles can be used to construct novel sensing devices; in particular electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical detection is highly attractive for the monitoring of glucose, cancer cells, cholesterol and infectious diseases. Unique nanocomposite-based films proposed in this book open new doors to the design and fabrication of high-performance electrochemical sensors.Table of ContentsIntroductionLiterature ReviewExperimental procedures and MaterialsFabrication of Cobalt(II) Immobilized ZnO/MWCNT/PCL Nanocomposite Film: Electrocatalytic Detection of GlucoseSynthesis and Characterization of Gelatin Stabilized Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles via the Sol-Gel Method and its Applications for Sensitive Detection of L-TryptophanFabrication of Ni(II)/PAN/MWCNT Nanocomposite Films Electrocatalytic Detection of CarbohydratesFabrication of Chitosan-Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Containing Ferri/Ferrocyanide: Applications for Simultaneous Detection of D-Penicillamine and L-TryptophanConclusion

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Book SynopsisHydrogen Recycling Studies in Tokamaks and Other Facilities.- 1. Hydrogen Isotopes Retention in Fusion Reactor Plasma-facing Materials: An Abbreviated Review.- 2. Trapping Effect in Hydrogen Retention in Metals.- 3. Recent Progress in Tritium Codeposition Modeling.- 4. The Effect of Deuterium Ion Bombardment on the Optical Properties of Beryllium Mirrors.- 5. Hot Liner Divertor Concept Analysis of Dust Formation and Locations.- Hydrogen Sputtering, Retention, Codeposition in Graphite.- 6. Hydrogen Isotope Retention Analysis for Tokamak Plasma-facing Materials.- 7. Surface Microrelief Influence on Hydrogen Interaction with Materials.- Hydrogen Recycling in Liquid Metals.- 8. Deuterium Treatment Effects on Lithium and TiN-Lithium Sputtering in Solid and Liquid Phase.- 9. Helium Entrapment in Liquid Metal Plasma-facing Surfaces in Tokamak Fusion Reactors.- Fundamental Permeation Studies I.- 10. A Model for the Steady State Plasma- and Gas-driven Hydrogen Isotope Permeation through Multi-layer Metal.- 11. Effect of Hydrogen Sorption on Surface Morphology of Pyrolytic Graphite.- Fundamental Permeation Studies II.- 12. General Model of Hydrogen Transport through Solid Membranes.- 13. Influence of Hydrogen and Helium on Radiation Damage of Structural Materials.- Hydrogen Recycling in Tungsten, Niobium, and Nickel.- 14. Deuterium Retention in Tungsten and Tungsten Carbides Irradiated with D Ions.- 15. An Interpretation of the Retention of Low Energy Deuterium Ions in Tungsten.- General Hydrogen and Helium Issues and Other Metals.- 16. Hydrogen Interaction with TiN Films.- 17. Bimetallic Diffusion Membranes: Possible Use for Active Hydrogen Recycling Control.- 18. Surface Evolution of Nickel under He and H Ion Irradiation by means of Kelvin Probe.- Measurements and Control of Hydrogen Recycling I.- 19. Development of an Innovative Carbon-based Ceramic Material; Application in High Temperature, Neutron and Hydrogen Environment.- 20. Nonmonotone Temperature Dependence of Plasma Driven Permeation through Nb Membrane.- Measurements and Control of Hydrogen Recycling II.- 21. Usage of Hydrogen-saturated Getter for Sputtering Protection of Construction Elements in Vacuum-plasma Installations.- 22. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Technique for In-situ Dust Detecting in a Next-step Tokamak.- Authors.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Hydrogen Isotopes Retention in Fusion Reactor Plasma-facing Materials: An Abbreviated Review; R.A. Causey, T.J. Venhaus. 2. Trapping Effect in Hydrogen Retention in Metals; O.V. Ogorodnikova. 3. Recent Progress in Tritium Codeposition Modeling; J.N. Brooks. 4. The Effect of Deuterium Ion Bombardment on the Optical Properties of Beryllium Mirrors; L.A. Jacobson, et al. 5. Hot Liner Divertor Concept Analysis of Dust Formation and Locations; V.M. Kozhevin. 6. Hydrogen Isotope Retention Analysis for Tokamak Plasma-facing Materials; T.A. Burtseva. 7. Surface Microrelief Influence on Hydrogen Interaction with Materials; A.V. Golubeva, et al. 8.Deuterium Treatment Effects on Lithium and TiN-Lithium Sputtering in Solid and Liquid Phase; J.P. Allain, D.N. Ruzic. 9. Helium Entrapment in Liquid Metal Plasma-facing Surfaces in Tokamak Fusion Reactors; A. Hassanein. 10. A Model for the Steady State Plasma- and Gas-driven Hydrogen Isotope Permeation through Multi-layer Metal; O.V. Ogorodnikova. 11. Effect of Hydrogen Sorption on Surface Morphology of Pyrolytic Graphite; E.A. Denisov, et al. 12. General Model of Hydrogen Transport through Solid Membranes; K. Habib, A. Habib. 13. Influence of Hydrogen and Helium on Radiation Damage of Structural Materials; B.A. Kalin, et al. 14. Deuterium Retention in Tungsten and Tungsten Carbides Irradiated with D Ions; V.Kh. Alimov, et al. 15. An Interpretation of the Retention of Low Energy Deuterium Ions in Tungsten; R.G. Macaulay-Newcombe, et al. 16. Hydrogen Interaction with TiN Films; E.A. Denisov, et al.17. Bimetallic Diffusion Membranes: Possible Use for Active Hydrogen Recycling Control; G.P. Glazunov, et al. 18. Surface Evolution of Nickel and He and H Ion Irradiation by means of Kelvin Probe; G.-N. Luo, et al. 19. Development of an Innovative Carbon-based Ceramic Material; Application in High Temperature, Neutron and Hydrogen Environment; C.H. Wu. 20. Nonmonotone Temperature Dependence of Plasma Driven Permeation through Nb Membrane; A. Spitsyn, et al. 21. Usage of Hydrogen-saturated Getter for Sputtering Protection of Construction Elements in Vacuum-plasma Installations; V.V. Bobkov, et al. 22. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Technique for In-situ Dust Detecting in a Next-step Tokamak, V.M. Kozhevin, et al. Authors.

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Book SynopsisWith the rapid development of nanotechnology, the surface-to-volume ratio of objects of interest continues to increase. As such, so does the importance of our ability to tailor interfacial properties. Written by bestselling author and internationally renowned researcher K.S. Birdi, Introduction to Electrical Interfacial Phenomena offers comprehensive coverage of the field of electrical double layer (EDL) research. Birdi discusses theoretical models used with EDL and demonstrates how they can be applied to typically encountered real-world problems, including those that must be considered in modern industrial applications. The book explains the EDL through fundamental theory and real-world solved examples from applications such as corrosion, aerosols, dispersions and emulsions, adhesion, storage batteries, waste-water treatment, enhanced oil recovery, biology (proteins at cell membranes), and macromolecules. After introducing the electrical interfaciaTrade ReviewThis book would be of interest to chemists or material scientists who need to learn about the basics of electrical interfacial phenomena, especially surfactants and biochemical processes. -IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineTable of ContentsIntroduction to Electrical Interfacial Phenomena. Basic electrical Double Layer Theory-Theories of the Structure of the Double Layer. Different Double Layer Models-Electrical Aspects of Surface Chemistry. Point-of-zero charge (PZC)-Charged Colloids (Sedimentation). Electrophoresis-Electroosmosis- Streaming Potentials-Zeta potential. Corrosion-Electrode Potential-Surface Charge-Galvanic Ells (TBA). Charged Macromolecules-Membrane Potential. Acid-base system (TBA). Conduction of Electrolyte Solutions-Electrocapillarity (TBA). Electrokinetic Phenomena in Colloids (TBA). Appendix. Refernces.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisAccordingly, the main papers were presented in the following areas: magnetic properties of solids, applications to in­ organic chemistry, biochemical studies, amorphous systems, metal alloys, advances in high-resolution studies, and the new techniques for studying recoil-free spectra from isolated atoms in inert materials.Table of ContentsInvestigation of Magnetic Moments in Metals by the Mössbauer Effect.- Spin Orientation Diagrams in Rare Earth Cubic Compounds.- 57Fe and 99Ru Mössbauer Studies of the Defect Structure and Magnetic Properties of Oxide Phases.- X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Mbssbauer Effect, Complementary Techniques for the Study of Solids.- Consequences of Nuclear Transformations in Chemical Compounds Studied by the Mössbauer Method.- The Application of Mössbauer Spectroscopy to Biochemistry.- Mössbauer Studies of an Enzyme System: Putidaredoxin and Cytochrome P450.- Interpretation of Mössbauer Isomer Shifts and Quadrupole Splittings of Ferrous Hemoglobins by Ligand Field and Molecular Orbital Theory.- The Study of Inert-Gas Matrix Isolated Atoms.- A Study of the Mössbauer Effect for Gold.- Mössbauer Effect Studies of Phase Transitions.- The Study of Vibrations in Crystals Using the Rayleigh Scattering of Resonant Gamma Rays.- Mössbauer Studies of Aqueous Liquids and Glasses.- High-Resolution Mössbauer Spectroscopy with Tantalum-181.- Experiments with the Mössbauer Effect in 67Zn.- Mössbauer Effect — „Quo Vadis?“.- List of Contributed Papers.

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Book SynopsisConcepts and Methods in Modern Theoretical Chemistry, Two-Volume Set focuses on the structure and dynamics of systems and phenomena. A new addition to the series Atoms, Molecules, and Clusters, the two books offer chapters written by experts in their fields. They enable readers to learn how concepts from ab initio quantum chemistry, density functional theory (DFT), and molecular simulation can be used to describe, understand, and predict electronic structure, chemical reactivity, and dynamics.The first book focuses on the electronic structure and reactivity of many-electron systems, and the second book deals with the statistical mechanical treatment of collections of such systems. Concepts and Methods in Modern Theoretical Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Reactivity includes articles on DFT, particularly the functional and conceptual aspects, excited states, molecular electrostatic potentials, intermolecular interactions,

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Book SynopsisPhysicalChemical Mechanics of Disperse Systems and Materials is a novel interdisciplinary area in the science of the disperse state of matter. It covers the broad spectrum of objects and systems with dimensions ranging from nanometers to millimeters and establishes a fundamental basis for controlling and tuning the properties of these systems as well as the processes taking place in them.Physicalchemical mechanics focuses on the analysis of the complex physicalchemical interfacial phenomena taking place both in the transition of a dispersed system into a material, such as in the course of pressing, sintering, hydration hardening, and sol-gel transitions, and in the course of the dispersion of bulk materials taking place in milling, mechanical treatment, friction and wear, and fracturing. These studies are based on thorough experimental investigation of contact interactions between particles in these processes.The book is divided into two sections. The firTable of ContentsCOAGULATION CONTACTS AND STRUCTURES. Surface Forces and Contact Interactions. Adsorption of Surfactants and Contact Interactions. Coagulation Structures. Contact Interactions and the Stability of Free-Disperse Systems. SURFACE PHENOMENA IN STRUCTURES THAT HAVE PHASE CONTACTS AND ARE IN CONTINUOUS SOLID BODIES. Deformation and Degradation of Solid Bodies and Materials: Description and Measurements. Structures with Phase Contacts. Interfacial Phenomena in Processes of Deformation and Failure of Solids.

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Book SynopsisBrings Readers from the Threshold to the Frontier of Modern Research Many-Body Methods for Atoms and Molecules addresses two major classes of theories of electron correlation: the many-body perturbation theory and coupled cluster methods. It discusses the issues related to the formal development and consequent numerical implementation of the methods from the standpoint of a practicing theoretician. The book will enable readers to understand the future development of state-of-the-art multi-reference coupled cluster methods as well as their perturbative counterparts.The book begins with an introduction to the issues relevant to the development of correlated methods in general. It next gives a formally rigorous treatment of aspects that pave the foundation toward the theoretical development of methods capable of tackling problems of electronic correlation. The authors go on to cover perturbation theory first in a fundamental way and then iTable of ContentsIntroduction. Occupation Number Representation. Perturbation Theory. Multi-Reference Perturbation Theory. State-Specific Perturbation Theory. Coupled Cluster Method. Fock Space Multi-Reference Coupled Cluster Method. Hilbert Space Coupled Cluster Theory.

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Book SynopsisCleavage of water to its constituents (i.e., hydrogen and oxygen) for production of hydrogen energy at an industrial scale is one of the holy grails of materials science. That can be done by utilizing the renewable energy resource i.e. sunlight and photocatalytic material. The sunlight and water are abundant and free of cost available at this planet. But the development of a stable, efficient and cost-effective photocatalytic material to split water is still a great challenge. To develop the effective materials for photocatalytic water splitting, various type of materials with different sizes and structures from nano to giant have been explored that includes metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, carbides, nitrides, phosphides, and so on. Fundamental concepts and state of art materials for the water splitting are also discussed to understand the phenomenon/mechanism behind the photoelectrochemical water splitting. This book gives a comprehensive overview and description of the manufactuTrade Review"...presents an exhaustive literature related to hydrogen generation from splitting of water by various methods. It will be welcomed by researchers as it fulfills the demand of the day."— Suresh C. Ameta, Paher University, Udaipur, India"...interesting not only to experts but also to beginners and students in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting. The content covered will attract the broad readership in solar fuels from academia, and government to industry." — Nick Wu, West Virginia University, USA"Any courses related to Renewable Energy (as well as functional materials and solid state physics applications) could use this book. Prof. Ru-Shi Liu is a well-known scientist and highly cited in this field, so the materials presented are indeed trustworthy and of high quality."— Lionel Vayssieres, Xian Jiaotong University, ChinaTable of ContentsIntroduction to hydrogen as a green fuel. Concepts and definitions in photochemical water splitting. Water splitting technologies for hydrogen generation. Electrochemical water splitting. Oxide semiconductors (ZnO, TiO2, Fe2O3, WO3, etc) as photocatalysts for water splitting. Non oxide semiconductor materials for water splitting. Nanostructured semiconducting materials for water splitting. Giant sized materials for water splitting (supramolecular, dendrimers composite, etc). Fundamental understanding of the photocatalytic mechanisms. Photochemical cell designs, fabrication, performance, degradation, and diagnosis for efficient solar hydrogen production.

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Book SynopsisProcesses of Formation of Micro- and Nanodispersed Systems is a comprehensive analysis and presentation of the physical processes and phenomena that lead to the formation of disperse materials. It also details the properties of disperse materials yielded from various processes.Special attention is given to the homogeneous condensation of metal vapours from expanding metal vapours in a vacuum, as well as heterogeneous condensation of metal vapours on solid substrates in the presence of impurities during the formation of disperse condensates. The book also examines flow in thin films, the decay of thin films, and phenomena accompanying the coalescence of disperse particles.Using currently available data, this book compares different methods of producing disperse materials in terms of scale. It also describes several applications of the experimental results it presents, including:Production of composites of nanodisperse metals in an organic maTable of ContentsIntroduction. Methodological Evaluation of the Prospects for the Development of Physical Dispersion Methods. Formulation of Experimental Studies of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Vacuum Condensation of Metal Vapours. The Formation of Disperse Systems on a Solid Substrate in Heterogeneous Condensation. The Formation of Disperse Systems by Homogeneous Condensation with Vapour Jet Expansion. ‘Genetics’ and the Evolution of the Structure of Vacuum Condensates. The Formation of Columnar Structures in Co-Condensation of Two Components as a Way of Producing Nanosized Composites. Nanodisperse Zinc-Butanol Composite. Numerical Simulation of Molecular Processes on the Substrate. Methods for Direct Conversion of Kinetic Energy to Surface Energy of the Disperse System. Production of Metallic Powders of the Required Composition by Melting a Rotating Rod. Some Aspects of Coalescence Processes in Aerosol Systems. Capture of Microparticles from Gas Flows by Condensation Processes. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisMetalair and metalsulfur batteries (MABs/MSBs) represent one of the most efficient-energy storage technologies, with high round trip efficiency, a long life cycle, fast response at peak demand/supply of electricity, and decreased weight due to the use of atmospheric oxygen as one of the main reactants. This book presents an overview of the main MABs/MSBs from fundamentals to applications. Recent technological trends in their development are reviewed. It also offers a detailed analysis of these batteries at the material, component, and system levels, allowing the reader to evaluate the different approaches of their integration. The book provides a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration, and discusses current technologies, achievements, and challenges, as well as future directions. Each chapter focuses on a particular battery type including zincair batteries, lithiumair batteries, aluminumair batteries, magnesiumair batteries, lithiumsulfur batteries, and vanadTrade Review"…the publication of this book is timely. The self-contained and yet concise chapters provide readers with comprehensive information for each category of main MABs/MSBs, from history and fundamentals to up-to-date technical developments and applications. Reading the chapters in this book will be a most efficient way to bring readers to the frontier of this intriguing field. "—Juntao Lu, Wuhan University, Hubei, China"…the publication of this book is timely. The self-contained and yet concise chapters provide readers with comprehensive information for each category of main MABs/MSBs, from history and fundamentals to up-to-date technical developments and applications. Reading the chapters in this book will be a most efficient way to bring readers to the frontier of this intriguing field. "—Juntao Lu, Wuhan University, Hubei, ChinaTable of ContentsZinc–Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications. Lithium–Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications. Aluminum–Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications. Magnesium–Air Battery. Metal–Sulfur Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications—A Perspective. Vanadium–Air Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications.

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