Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology Books

Book SynopsisInsights developed in the past two decades by philosophers of the social sciences can serve to enrich the challenging intellectual tasks of conceptualizing, investigating, and representing the human past. Likewise, intimate engagement with the writings of historians can deepen philosophers’ understanding of the task of knowing the past. This volume brings these perspectives together and considers fundamental questions, such as: What is historical causation? What is a large historical structure? How can we best conceptualize “mentalities” and “identities”? What is involved in understanding the subjectivity of historical actors? What is involved in arriving at an economic history of a large region? How are actions and outcomes related? The arguments touch upon a wide range of historical topics -- the Chinese and French Revolutions, the extension of railroads in the nineteenth century, and the development of agriculture in medieval China.Table of ContentsIntroduction History’s Pathways.- Chapter One History and narrative.- Chapter Two Historical concepts and social ontology.- Chapter Three Large structures .- Chapter Four Causal mechanisms.- Chapter Five History of Technology.- Chapter Six Economic history.- Chapter Seven The involution debate.- Chapter Eight Mentalités.- Conclusion.- References

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Book SynopsisDuring the last twenty-five years or so, studies in Thomistic existentialism have repeatedly indicated that the notion of creation played a decisive role in St. Thomas Aquinas' view of existence as an existential act or actus es­ sendi. The importance for metaphysics of this view of existence as act war­ rants an investigation of the relation between creation and actus essendi; for St. Thomas is the only one, in the history of philosophy, to have con­ sidered existence as an act-of-being. This study will be limited to the early works of St. Thomas. By the time of the Summa Contra Gentiles, he had reached the key positions of his metaphysics. And the first fifty-three chap­ ters of the Summa Contra Gentiles were written in Paris before June, 1259; 1 the rest was completed in Italy before 1265. The project was therefore con­ ceived by St. Thomas during the first period of his career. How the notion of creation enabled him to transform the Aristotelian metaphysics of essence into a metaphysics of esse can be seen from three sections of the Summa Contra Gentiles. Although primarily a theological treatise, the Contra Gentiles never­ theless accomplishes a radical metaphysical transformation of Aristotelian­ ism by shifting the whole perspective from esse in actu per formam to actus essendi. Seen from the perspective of existential act as the absolute perfec­ tion, metaphysics is raised to a strictly transcendental plane of consideration.

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Book SynopsisList Making: From Universal to Spiritual Exercise.- Gnostic Yoga as Philosophical Practice.- Case Studies in South Asian Gnostic Spiritual Exercises.- Conclusion.

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