Philosophical traditions and schools of thought Books

Book SynopsisMan was born free, and he is everywhere in chainsThese are the famous opening words of a treatise that has not ceased to stir vigorous debate since its first publication in 1762. Rejecting the view that anyone has a natural right to wield authority over others, Rousseau argues instead for a pact, or 'social contract', that should exist between all the citizens of a state and that should be the source of sovereign power. From this fundamental premise, he goes on to consider issues of liberty and law, freedom and justice, arriving at a view of society that has seemed to some a blueprint for totalitarianism, to others a declaration of democratic principles.For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoriTable of ContentsThe Social Contract Translator's acknowledgmentsIntroductionForewordBook IBook IIBook IIIBook IV

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Book SynopsisIn this thoughtful and brilliant bestselling new book, Derren Brown, internationally bestselling author of HAPPY, considers the value of difficulty in our lives.Trade ReviewEnlightening, thought-provoking and illuminating. Derren Brown asks questions about the world, and his intelligent curiosity benefits us all. -- Elizabeth Day

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Book SynopsisJon Stewart, one of the world s leading experts on the work of Soren Kierkegaard, has here compiled the most comprehensive single-volume overview of Kierkegaard studies currently available.Table of ContentsNotes on Contributors ix Acknowledgments xiii Chronology of Kierkegaard's Works xiv List of Abbreviations xviii Editor's Introduction: Kierkegaard and the Rich Field of Kierkegaard Studies 1 Part I Philosophy 19 A. Sources 21 1 A Shimmering Socrates: Philosophy and Poetry in Kierkegaard's Platonic Authorship 23Jacob Howland 2 Kierkegaard's Use of German Philosophy: Leibniz to Fichte 36Roe Fremstedal 3 Kierkegaard's View of Hegel, His Followers and Critics 50Jon Stewart 4 Kierkegaard's Relations to Danish Philosophy of the Golden Age 66Carl Henrik Koch B. Reception 81 5 Kierkegaard and Existentialism: From Anxiety to Autonomy 83K. Brian Soderquist 6 Postmodernism and Deconstruction: Paradox, Sacrifice, and the Future of Writing 96Marius Timmann Mjaaland C. Concepts and Contributions 111 7 Kierkegaard's Views on Normative Ethics, Moral Agency, and Metaethics 113Roe Fremstedal 8 Kierkegaard's Skepticism 126Dario Gonzalez Part II Theology and Religious Studies 139 A. Sources 141 9 Kierkegaard and Biblical Studies: A Critical Response to Nineteenth-Century Hermeneutics 143Lee C. Barrett 10 Grace and Rigor in Kierkegaard's Reception of the Church Fathers 155Jack Mulder, Jr. 11 Kierkegaard's Mystical and Spiritual Sources: Meister Eckhart to Tersteegen 167Peter Sajda 12 Kierkegaard's Appropriation and Critique of Luther and Lutheranism 180Lee C. Barrett 13 Shapers of Kierkegaard's Danish Church: Mynster, Grundtvig, Martensen 193Curtis L. Thompson B. Reception 207 14 From Barth to Tillich: Kierkegaard and the Dialectical Theologians 209Heiko Schulz 15 Other Lutheran Theologians Responding Contextually to Kierkegaard 223Curtis L. Thompson 16 Catholicism: Finding Inspiration and Provocation in Kierkegaard 237Christopher B. Barnett and Peter Sajda C. Concepts and Contributions 251 17 Kierkegaard as Existentialist Dogmatician: Kierkegaard on Systematic Theology, Doctrine, and Dogmatics 253David R. Law 18 Biblical Variations: Kierkegaard's Rewritten "Life of Jesus" 269Iben Damgaard 19 Rethinking Religion Existentially: New Approaches to Classical Problems of Religious Philosophy in Kierkegaard 281Istvan Czako Part III Aesthetics, the Arts, and Literary Theory 295 A. Sources 297 20 Kierkegaard's Use of German Literature 299Joachim Grage 21 Kierkegaard and the Aesthetics of the Danish Golden Age 311Nathaniel Kramer B. Reception 325 22 Literature and (Anti) Humanism 327Poul Houe 23 Kierkegaard's Influence on Literary Criticism and Theory: Irony, Repetition, Silence 341J.D. Mininger C. Concepts and Contributions 353 24 Existence and the Aesthetic Forms 355Dario Gonzalez 25 Kierkegaard's Theatrical Aesthetic from Repetition to Imitation 367Timothy Stock Part IV Social Sciences and Politics 381 A. Sources 383 26 Politics, Society, and Theology in Golden Age Denmark: Key Themes and Figures 385Stephen Backhouse 27 Reflections on Late Modernity: Kierkegaard in the "Present Age" 399Daniel Conway B. Reception 413 28 Between Anthropology, Sociology, and Psychology: The Insider/Outsider Self 415Simon D. Podmore 29 Kierkegaard's Social-Political Posterity: A Still Unnavigated Maze 435Leo Stan C. Concepts and Contributions 451 30 Kierkegaard's Conception of Psychology: How to Understand It and Why It Still Matters 453Rene Rosfort 31 Kierkegaard and the Limits of Philosophical Anthropology 468Jamie Turnbull 32 Prolegomena for Thinking of Kierkegaard as a Social and Political Philosopher 480J. Michael Tilley 33 Making Kierkegaard Relevant to Education Today 490Timothy Hall Index 502

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Book SynopsisThis collection includes works by some of the most influential philosophers throughout history: Plato, Epicurus, Friendrich Nietzsche, John Stuart Mill, Marcus Aurelius, Jean-Jaques Rousseau, and René Descartes.

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Book SynopsisIncludes the previously unpublished essay "The philosopher as expert."Trade Review"This is an ambitious and important book. Ambitious because it attempts to place the main concerns and discussions of contemporary philosophy within a historical perspective; important because this is all too rarely attempted within our present philosophical culture, and almost never done this well."--Charles Taylor, Times Literary Supplement "It is going to be a long time before a better book of its kind appears."--Alasdair MacIntyre, London Review of Books "Philosophy and the Mirror of Naturebrings to light the deep sense of crisis within the profession of academic philosophy... Rorty's provocative and profound meditations impel philosophers to examine the problematic status of their discipline--only to discover that modern European philosophy has come to an end."--Cornel West, Union Seminary Quarterly ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction to the Thirtieth-Anniversary Edition xiii Preface xxxi Introduction 3 Part one: Our Glassy Essense 15 Chapter I: The Invention of the Mind 17 1. Criteria of the Mental 17 2. The Functional, the Phenomenal, and the Immaterial 22 3. The Diversity of Mind-Body Problems 32 4. Mind as the Grasp of Universals 38 5. Ability to Exist Separately from the Body 45 6. Dualism and "Mind-Stuff" 61 Chapter II: Persons Without Minds 70 1. The Antipodeans 70 2. Phenomenal Properties 78 3. Incorrigibility and Raw Feels 88 4. Behaviorism 98 5. Skepticism about Other Minds 107 6. Materialism without Mind-Body Identity 114 7. Epistemology and "The Philosophy of Mind" 125 Part Two: Mirroring 129 Chapter III: The Idea of a "Theory of Knowledge" 131 1. Epistemology and Philosophy's Self-Image 131 2. Locke's Confusion of Explanation with Justification 139 3. Kant's Confusion of Predication with Synthesis 148 4. Knowledge as Needing "Foundations" 155 Chapter IV: Privileged Representations 165 1. Apodictic Truth, Privileged Representations, and Analytic Philosophy 165 2. Epistemological Behaviorism 173 3. Pre-linguistic Awareness 182 4. The "'Idea' Idea" 192 5. Epistemological Behaviorism, Psychological Behaviorism, and Language 209 Chapter v: Epistemology and Empirical Psychology 213 1. Suspicions about Psychology 213 2. The Unnaturalness of Epistemology 221 3. Psychological States as Genuine Explanations 230 4. Psychological States as Representations 244 Chapter vi: Epistemology and Philosophy of Language 257 1. Pure and Impure Philosophy of Language 257 2. What were our Ancestors Talking About? 266 3. Idealism 273 4. Reference 284 5. Truth Without Mirrors 295 6. Truth, Goodness, and Part Three: Philosophy 313 Chapter VII: From Epistemology to Hermeneutics 315 1. Commensuration and Conversation 315 2. Kuhn and Incommensurability 322 3. Objectivity as Correspondence and as Agreement 333 4. Spirit and Nature 343 Chapter VIII: Philosophy Without Mirrors 357 1. Hermeneutics and Edification 357 2. Systematic Philosophy and Edifying Philosophy 365 3. Edification, Relativism, and Objective Truth 373 4. Edification and Naturalism 379 5. Philosophy in the Conversation of Mankind 389 The Philosopher as Expert 395 Afterword: Remembering Richard Rorty 423 Index 433

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Book SynopsisHe taught that mind must recognise and penetrate its own state of being, not 'being this or that, here or there, then or now', but just timeless being. This is a legacy from a unique teacher who helps the reader to a clearer understanding of himself.

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Book SynopsisBerkeley''s idealism started a revolution in philosophy. As one of the great empiricist thinkers he not only influenced British philosophers from Hume to Russell and the logical positivists in the twentieth century, he also set the scene for the continental idealism of Hegel and even the philosophy of Marx.There has never been such a radical critique of common sense and perception as that given in Berkeley''s Principles of Human Knowledge (1710). His views were met with disfavour, and his response to his critics was the Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous.This edition of Berkeley''s two key works has an introduction which examines and in part defends his arguments for idealism, as well as offering a detailed analytical contents list, extensive philosophical notes and an index. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World''s Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford''s commitment to scholarship, Trade ReviewThere is something beautiful about the design of this series: their portability, even their tendency to become dog-eared. And this is a welcome reprint, sensitively edited. * Nicholas Lezard, The Guardian *the editions deserve great credit for the enthusiasm of their approach ... The introductions by eminent scholars put the thoughts of the author and the history of the time into clear perspective. Oxford should be given credit for making the classics accessible for all rather than just crib notes for students. * Jonathan Copeland, Lincolnshire Echo *

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Book Synopsis‘Majestic, ambitious’ Literary Review ____________________________________ We are endlessly fascinated by the French. We are fascinated by their way of life, their creativity and sophistication, and even their insistence that they are exceptional. But how did France become the country it is today, and what really sets it apart? Historian Peter Watson sets out to answer these questions in this dazzling history of France, taking us from the seventeenth century to the present day through the nation’s most influential thinkers. He opens the doors to the Renaissance salons that brought together poets, philosophers and scientists, and tells the forgotten stories of the extraordinary women who ran these institutions, fostering a culture of stylish intellectualism unmatched anywhere else in the world. It’Trade Review‘Majestic, ambitious . . . [Peter Watson] deserves admiration for the grace and agility with which he interlinks the development of a vigorous cultural identity and the seismic shifts of French national history, continually lurching between triumph and disaster. Impressive enough in its scope, authority and sprightliness to leave us wondering whether a French writer could have managed the task quite as deftly’ * Literary Review *‘An encyclopaedic celebration of French intellectuals refusing to give up on universal principles . . . while remaining slim, bringing up well-behaved children and falling in love at every opportunity’ * The Times *‘He unfurls his intellectual history in the form of vivid biographies . . . [an] engaging movement through time towards France’s recent reckonings with extremism, exceptionalism and empire . . . perceptive’ * TLS *'A love for France radiates from this book' * Financial Times *

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Book SynopsisRepresents a selection from Nietzche''s notebooks to find out what he wrote on nihilism, art, morality, religion, and the theory of knowledge, among others.Nietzsche''s notebooks, kept by him during his most productive years, offer a fascinating glimpse into the workshop and mind of a great thinker, and compare favorably with the notebooks of Gide and Kafka, Camus and Wittgenstein.  The Will to Power, compiled from the notebooks, is one of the most famous boooks of the philosophy.  Here is the first critical edition in any language.   Down through the Nazi period The Will to Power was often mistakenly considered to be Nietzche''s crowning systematic labor; since World War II it has frequently been denigrated.  In fact, it represents a stunning selection from Nietzsche''s notebooks, in a a topical arrangement that enables the reader to find what Nietzsche''s wrote on a variety of subjects.   Walter Kaufmann, in collab

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Book SynopsisRené Descartes was a central figure in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. In his Discourse on Method he outlined the contrast between mathematics and experimental sciences, and the extent to which each one can achieve certainty. Drawing on his own work in geometry, optics, astronomy and physiology, Descartes developed the hypothetical method that characterizes modern science, and this soon came to replace the traditional techniques derived from Aristotle. Many of Descartes'' most radical ideas - such as the disparity between our perceptions and the realities that cause them - have been highly influential in the development of modern philosophy.

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Book SynopsisWhat is rational is actual and what is actual is rational.Hegel''s Outlines of the Philosophy of Right is one of the greatest works of moral, social, and political philosophy. It contains significant ideas on justice, moral responsibility, family life, economic activity, and the political structure of the state - all matters of profound interest to us today. Hegel''s aim is to lay out the various forms that human freedom must take on, if it is to be true freedom. He seeks to show that genuine human freedom does not consist in doing whatever we please, but involves living with others in accordance with publicly recognized rights and laws. Hegel demonstrates that institutions such as the family and the state provide the context in which individuals can flourish and enjoy full freedom. He also demonstrates that misunderstanding the true nature of freedom can lead to crime, evil, and poverty. His penetrating analysis of the causes of poverty in modern civil society was to be a great influence on Karl Marx. Hegel''s study remains one of the most subtle and perceptive accounts of freedom that we possess. This new edition combines a revised translation with a cogent introduction to his work. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World''s Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford''s commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.Trade Reviewa valuable contribution to our understanding of Hegel's political thought. * D.N Byrne, History of Political Thought *

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Book SynopsisEcce Homo is an autobiography like no other. Nietzsche passes under review all his previous books and reaches a final reckoning with his many enemies. Ecce Homo is the summation of an extraordinary philosophical career.

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Book SynopsisOne of the greatest of all philosophical works, covering knowledge, imagination, emotion, morality, and justice. ? Baroness Warnock, The ListPublished in the mid-18th century and received with indifference (it fell dead-born from the press, noted the author), David Hume''s comprehensive three-volume A Treatise of Human Nature has withstood the test of time and has had enormous impact on subsequent philosophical thought. Hume ? whom Kant famously credited with having interrupted my dogmatic slumber and gave my investigations in the field of speculative philosophy a quite new direction ? intended this work as an observationally grounded study of human nature. He employed John Locke''s empiric principles, constructing a theory of knowledge to serve as a foundation for the evaluation of metaphysical ideas.Reprinted here in one volume, the Treatise begins with an examination of the nature of ideas: their origins and connections, modes and substance, and abstract qualities. The work''s considerations of existence, knowledge, and identity explore the ways in which people use these concepts as a basis for firm but unproven beliefs. The second part surveys the passions, from pride and humility to contempt and respect, analyzing their roles in human choices and actions. The book concludes with a meditation on morals and an in-depth explanation of the perceived distinctions between virtue and vice.One of philosophy''s most important works and a key to modern studies of 18th-century Western thought, A Treatise of Human Nature is essential reading for all students of philosophy and history.

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Book SynopsisCopleston, an Oxford Jesuit and specialist in the history of philosophy, created his history as an introduction for Catholic ecclesiastical seminaries. The 11-volume series gives an accessible account of each philosopher's work, and explains their relationship to the work of other philosophers.Trade ReviewA monumental history . . . learned, lucid, patient and comprehensive. * New Statesman *We can only applaud at the end of each act and look forward to applauding again at the final curtain. * Times Literary Supplement *Lucid and luminous ... a most remarkable achievement, of which any scholar in the world of any field would justly be proud. * Church Times *Table of ContentsPreface PART I: FROM THE REVOLUTION TO AUGUSTE COMTE I The Traditionalist Reaction to the Revolution II The Ideologists and Maine de Biran III Eclecticism IV Social Philosophy V Auguste Comte PART II: FROM AUGUSTE COMTE TO HENRI BERGSON VI Positivism in France VII Neo-criticism and Idealism VIII The Spiritualist Movement IX Henri Bergson (1) X Henri Bergson (2) PART III: FROM BERGSON TO SARTRE XI Philosophy and Christian Apologetics XII Thomism in France XIII Philosophy of Science XIV Philosophy of Values, Metaphysics, Personalism XV Two Religious Thinkers XVI The Existentialism of Sartre (1) XVII The Existentialism of Sartre (2) XVIII The Phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty A Short Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis addition to Copleston's covers Russian thought from the eighteenth century to Lenin and the post-Stalin period. Frederick Copleston was Professor of the History of Philosophy and Dean of the Faculty of Theology at London University. This eleven-volume work is one of the most remarkable single-handed scholarly enterprises of modern times. Volume 10 covers Mikhail Bakunin, Nikolai Bukharin, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Alexander Herzen, Vladimir Lenin, George Plekhanov and Leo Tolstoy.In the course of tracing the evolution of philosophical thought in Russia from the time of Catherine the Great into the present century, the author devotes careful analysis to radical thinkers, Marxists and the relevant ideas of the great Russian writers. He also includes a discussion on Russian thinkers in exile. Brimming with detail and enthusiasm, A History of Philosophy gives an accessible account of philosophers from all eras and explains their works in relation to other philosophers. Each volume is an ideal guide for students studying specific eras and as a set offers a complete and unrivalled overview of the entire western philosophical tradition.Trade ReviewA monumental history ... learned, lucid, patient and comprehensive. * New Statesman *We can only applaud at the end of each act and look forward to applauding again at the final curtain. * Times Literary Supplement *Table of ContentsAuthor's Preface 1 Introduction 2 Chaadaev: Russia and the West 3 Ivan Kireevsky and Integral Knowledge 4 From Reconciliation with Reality to Revolution 5 The New Men 6 Peter Lavrov and the Subjective Method 7 Dostoevsky and Philosophy 8 Meaning in Life and History 9 Religion and Philosophy: Vladimir Solovyev 10 Marxism in Imperial Russia (1): Plekhanov 11 Marxism in Imperial Russia (2): Lenin 12 Marxism in the Soviet Union 13 Philosophers in Exile (1) 14 Philosophers in Exile (2) Epilogue Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisKant was a keen psychological observer and theorist of the forms, mechanisms and sources of self-deception. In this Element, the author discusses the role of rationalizing/Vernünfteln for Kant''s moral psychology, normative ethics and philosophical methodology. By drawing on the full breadth of examples of rationalizing Kant discusses, the author shows how rationalizing can extend to general features of morality and corrupt rational agents thoroughly (albeit not completely and not irreversibly). Furthermore, the author explains the often-overlooked roles common human reason, empirical practical reason and even pure practical reason play for rationalizing. Kant is aware that rationality is a double-edged sword; reason is the source of morality and of our dignity, but it also enables us to seemingly justify moral transgressions to ourselves, and it creates an interest in this justification in the first place. Finally, this Element discusses whether Kant''s ethical theory itself can be crTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Rationalizing in Context; 3. Rationalizing and the Natural Dialectic; 4. The Cunning of (Empirical Practical) Reason; 5. Apparent Justifications, Ideology, and Uncritical Philosophy; 6. Whose Rationalizing?; Abbreviations; References.

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Book SynopsisWhile Kant is commonly regarded as one of the most austere philosophers of all time, this book provides quite a different perspective of the founder of transcendental philosophy. Kant is often thought of as being boring, methodical, and humorless. Yet the thirty jokes and anecdotes collected and illustrated here for the first time reveal a man and a thinker who was deeply interested in how humor and laughter shape how we think, feel, and communicate with fellow human beings.In addition to a foreword on Kant's theory of humor by Noël Carroll as well as Clewis's informative chapters, Kant's Humorous Writings contains new translations of Kant's jokes, quips, and anecdotes. Each of the thirty excerpts is illustrated and supplemented by historical commentaries which explain their significance.Trade ReviewFor many readers, 'Kant' and 'humor' are two words that do not belong together in the same sentence. But in his detailed and engaging study, Robert Clewis gives the lie to this popular prejudice. The sage of Königsberg was both a fairly serious theorist of humor as well as a teacher who often sought to enliven his lectures with a good joke or two. * Robert B. Louden, Distinguished Professor and Professor of Philosophy, University of Southern Maine, USA *Kant scholarship meets humor research—what a delightful surprise! Drawing on Kant’s writings and notes taken by his students, Clewis evaluates thirty of Kant’s jokes, stories, and observations to discuss his philosophy of humor. Along the way, he gets into what’s wrong with bad puns and why the English are better at comedy than the French. His treatment of Kant’s ethics of humor and his understanding of it as an aesthetic experience are especially insightful. I’ve been researching humor for forty years and found new ideas in every chapter. * John Morreall, author of "Taking Laughter Seriously" and "Comic Relief: A Comprehensive Philosophy of Humor" *Table of ContentsForeword by Noël Carroll Part One. Kant’s Theory of Humor Chapter 1: The Secret Soul of Kant’s Joke Chapter 2: Three Questions about Laughter at Humor Chapter 3: Kant and the Ethics of Humor Part Two. Jokes Incongruity Jokes 1. The Merchant’s Wig 2. Happy Funeral Mourners 3. Swift Wit 4. Dying of Good Health 5. £200 6. Of Juice and Justice 7. King Louis’ Gate 8. Thinking with One’s Body 9. The Happy Cuckold 10. Full of Bull 11. With Friends Like These Ethnic and Sexist Jokes and Quips 12. Foam in a Bottle 13. German Fools 14. The Bearded Woman 15. Samuel Johnson’s Wife Jokes with a Point 16. Abelard’s Flying Ox 17. Which Way the Wind Blows 18. Philosophy Detox 19. The Voltaire Bros 20. The Life You Save May Be Your Own Part Three. Sayings with a Message 21. Ragout, with Wit on the Side 22. Hooped Skirts and Pruned Trees 23. Heidegger as a Woman 24. There Are No Ugly Noses 25. A Whale Barrel 26. To Each his Own 27. Pyrrho’s Pig: That’s What I’m Talking about 28. Hobson’s Choice 29. Sex and Death 30. An Honest Man Is Hard to Find Appendix: Chapter Summaries Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisItalian philosophy constitutes one of the most vibrant and fruitful areas in contemporary thought, bringing extraordinary novelty to some of the oldest tropes, from human nature to the relation between political power and life, the thinking of actuality and potential, and the nature of work and labour. This reader includes texts by the most renowned thinkers, from Dante and Machiavelli to Giorgio Agamben, Antonio Negri, and Roberto Esposito, all of which are introduced by an expert on the particular thinker, and situated within the context of their work as a whole.The Bloomsbury Italian Philosophy Reader provides a unique resource for students and scholars alike, covering the history of Italian thought to the present day.Trade ReviewThis welcome volume cohesively brings together some of the major thinkers of the history of Italian philosophy, from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance to the contemporary period. Readings are introduced by brief informative essays written by specialists that act as useful philosophical mind-maps for readers. The excerpts from primary writings capture central positions and ideas that have come to shape and influence readers and thinkers from around the world. The book helps provide an important survey of the rich and varied schools that have come to form Italian philosophy. * Antonio Calcagno, Professor and Chair of Philosophy, King’s University College at Western University, Canada *This volume brings welcome attention to an important tradition in Continental Philosophy which has too often remained in the shadows of its French and German neighbours. Italian philosophy appears here as political, practical, and transformative; intimately close to the concerns of life. * Ashley Woodward, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Dundee, Scotland *Table of ContentsIntroduction, Michael Lewis and David Rose (University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) Part I: The Historical Context 1. Dante 2. Pico della Mirandola 3. Niccolò Machiavelli 4. Giordano Bruno 5. Giambattista Vico 6. Benedetto Croce 7. Giovanni Gentile 8. Antonio Gramsci 9. Phenomenology and Marxism in Milan 10. Luigi Pareyson Part II: Contemporary thinkers 11. Giorgio Agamben 12. Massimo Cacciari 13. Adriana Cavarero 14. Roberto Esposito 15. Silvia Federici 16. Maurizio Ferraris 17. Simona Forti 18. Maurizio Lazzarato 19. Christian Marazzi 20. Luisa Muraro 21. Antonio Negri 22. Massimo Recalcati 23. Emanuele Severino 24. Davide Tarizzo 25. Mario Tronti 26. Gianni Vattimo 27. Paolo Virno Timeline Index

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Book SynopsisFor anyone in search of the philosophers who influenced one of the richest moments in Western intellectual history, this inclusive reader is the place to start.Early Modern Philosophy showcases an unrivalled range of thinkers. Through them, you are introduced to a selection of their texts that return important philosophical ideas and debates to our understanding of modern philosophy. Addressing a one-sided view of intellectual history that has persisted for centuries, this reader goes beyond the usual focus on rationalism and empiricism with readings organised into three parts: Dualistic theories of human nature as the union of a mind and a body Debates concerning social relations and education The nature of reality and the way in which the mind reveals or constructs our understanding of the world.The thematic approach puts women philosophers and understudied figures in direct conversation with canonical thinkers. Chapters on dualism unite D

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Book SynopsisWritten by Dr Alexandre Zagoskin, who is a Reader at Loughborough University, Quantum Mechanics: A Complete Introduction is designed to give you everything you need to succeed, all in one place. It covers the key areas that students are expected to be confident in, outlining the basics in clear jargon-free English, and then providing added-value features like summaries of key ideas, and even lists of questions you might be asked in your exam. The book uses a structure that is designed to make quantum physics as accessible as possible - by starting with its similarities to Newtonian physics, rather than the rather startling differences.

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Book SynopsisPhilosophy, art, literature, music, and politics were all transformed in the turbulent period between the French Revolution of 1789 and the Communist Manifesto of 1848.This was the age of the 'Romantic revolution', when modern attitudes to political and artistic freedom were born. When we think of Romanticism, flamboyant figures such as Byron or Shelley instantly spring to mind, but what about Napoleon or Hegel, Turner or Blake, Wagner or Marx?How was it that Romanticism could give birth to passionate individualism and chauvinistic nationalism at the same time? How did it prefigure the totalitarian movements of the 20th century? Duncan Heath and Judy Boreham answer these questions and provide a unique overview of the many interlocking strands of Romanticism, focusing on the leading figures in Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Russia and America.

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Book SynopsisIndifference to Difference demonstrates that our desires are not ours to be owned; they areindifferent to our differences. This polemical book shows that if we turn to akind of universalism that recognizes we are all similar in our powerlessness tocontain desire, then difference no longer becomes the focus of our identity.Trade Review"Madhavi Menon has written an exhilarating manifesto. The tough-minded courage of Menon's intervention is one of this book's great strengths; the fierce intelligence that shapes her arguments is another. Indifference to Difference pursues a supple, peripatetic, and deeply principled methodology, informed by a nuanced theoretical acumen that declares itself at every turn."—Kathryn Schwarz, Vanderbilt UniversityTable of ContentsContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Indifference 1. Out of Africa: Yinka Shonibare’s Museum of Desire 2. Disembodying the Cause: Shakespeare’s Dramatic Elisions3. Lesbians without Borders: The Story of Dastangoi Coda: Queer and UniversalNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisFew philosophers have been the subject of as much or as intense debate, yet almost everyone agrees on one thing: Jean-Jacques Rousseau is among the most important and influential thinkers in the history of political philosophy. This book brings together fresh translations of three of Rousseau's works.Trade Review"Scott's translations combine great exactness with thoroughly readable English. The outstanding accompanying materials include notes that are illuminating but never intrusive, a chronology of Rousseau's life, a bibliography, and above all a substantial introduction that offers a masterful overview of Rousseau's notoriously complex thought. A genuine contribution that will aid scholars and especially students for many years to come." (Robert C. Bartlett, Boston College) "Scott's is the first single-volume translation of the Discourses and Social Contract to appear in twenty-five years, and instructors who teach all three texts will find the volume particularly useful. The excellent introduction, fluent translation, and detailed notes will make the volume a favorite for many scholars as well. (If one sought to summarize the significance of Rousseau's political thought in three pages or less, it is doubtful that one could do better than the first pages of Scott's introduction.)" (Political Theory)"

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xi List of Illustrations xv Acknowledgements xvii Introduction xix I PHILOSOPHY IN ITS INFANCY 1 The Milesians 3 Xenophanes 5 Heraclitus 6 The School of Parmenides 8 Empedocles 14 The Atomists 17 II THE ATHENS OF SOCRATES 20 The Athenian Empire 20 Anaxagoras 22 The Sophists 22 Socrates 24 The Euthyphro 26 The Crito 29 The Phaedo 30 III THE PHILOSOPHY OF PLATO 36 Life and Works 36 The Theory of Ideas 38 Plato’s Republic 41 The Theaetetus and the Sophist 50 IV THE SYSTEM OF ARISTOTLE 57 Plato’s Pupil, Alexander’s Teacher 57 The Foundation of Logic 59 The Theory of Drama 63 Moral Philosophy: Virtue and Happiness 64 Moral Philosophy: Wisdom and Understanding 68 Politics 71 Science and Explanation 72 Words and Things 74 Motion and Change 76 Soul, Sense, and Intellect 78 Metaphysics 81 V GREEK PHILOSOPHY AFTER ARISTOTLE 85 The Hellenistic Era 85 Epicureanism 87 Stoicism 89 Scepticism 91 Rome and its Empire 93 Jesus of Nazareth 94 Christianity and Gnosticism 96 Neo-Platonism 99 VI EARLY CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY 102 Arianism and Orthodoxy 102 The Theology of Incarnation 105 The Life of Augustine 107 The City of God and the Mystery of Grace 110 Boethius and Philoponus 113 VII EARLY MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY 118 John the Scot 118 Alkindi and Avicenna 121 The Feudal System 123 Saint Anselm 124 Abelard and Héloïse 126 Abelard’s Logic 128 Abelard’s Ethics 130 Averroes 131 Maimonides 133 VIII PHILOSOPHY IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY 135 An Age of Innovation 135 Saint Bonaventure 138 Thirteenth-Century Logic 140 Aquinas’ Life and Works 141 Aquinas’ Natural Theology 143 Matter, Form, Substance, and Accident 145 Aquinas on Essence and Existence 147 Aquinas’ Philosophy of Mind 148 Aquinas’ Moral Philosophy 149 IX OXFORD PHILOSOPHERS 154 The Fourteenth-Century University 154 Duns Scotus 155 Ockham’s Logic of Language 162 Ockham’s Political Theory 164 The Oxford Calculators 167 John Wyclif 168 X RENAISSANCE PHILOSOPHY 171 The Renaissance 171 Free-will: Rome vs. Louvain 172 Renaissance Platonism 175 Machiavelli 176 More’s Utopia 179 The Reformation 181 Post-Reformation Philosophy 185 Bruno and Galileo 187 Francis Bacon 189 XI THE AGE OF DESCARTES 194 The Wars of Religion 194 The Life of Descartes 195 The Doubt and the Cogito 198 The Essence of Mind 200 God, Mind, and Body 201 The Material World 20 XII ENGLISH PHILOSOPHY IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 209 The Empiricism of Thomas Hobbes 209 Hobbes’ Political Philosophy 211 The Political Theory of John Locke 214 Locke on Ideas and Qualities 216 Substances and Persons 219 XIII CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV 224 Blaise Pascal 224 Spinoza and Malebranche 227 Leibniz 232 XIV BRITISH PHILOSOPHY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 237 Berkeley 237 Hume’s Philosophy of Mind 242 Hume on Causation 246 Reid and Common Sense 248 XV THE ENLIGHTENMENT 251 The Philosophes 251 Rousseau 252 Revolution and Romanticism 256 XVI THE CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF KANT 259 Kant’s Copernican Revolution 259 The Transcendental Aesthetic 261 The Transcendental Analytic: The Deduction of the Categories 263 The Transcendental Analytic: The System of Principles 266 The Transcendental Dialectic: The Paralogisms of Pure Reason 269 The Transcendental Dialectic: The Antinomies of Pure Reason 271 The Transcendental Dialectic: The Critique of Natural Theology 274 Kant’s Moral Philosophy 276 XVII GERMAN IDEALISM AND MATERIALISM 280 Fichte 280 Hegel 281 Marx and the Young Hegelians 285 Capitalism and its Discontents 287 XVIII THE UTILITARIANS 290 Jeremy Bentham 290 The Utilitarianism of J. S. Mill 295 Mill’s Logic 297 XIX THREE NINETEENTH-CENTURY PHILOSOPHERS 301 Schopenhauer 301 Kierkegaard 307 Nietzsche 310 XX THREE MODERN MASTERS 313 Charles Darwin 313 John Henry Newman 318 Sigmund Freud 322 XXI LOGIC AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS 329 Frege’s Logic 329 Frege’s Logicism 331 Frege’s Philosophy of Logic 334 Russell’s Paradox 335 Russell’s Theory of Descriptions 337 Logical Analysis 340 XXII CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY 342 Henri Bergson 342 Husserl’s Phenomenology 347 The Existentialism of Heidegger 349 The Existentialism of Sartre and de Beauvoir 351 XXIII THE PHILOSOPHY OF WITTGENSTEIN 356 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 356 Logical Positivism 359 Philosophical Investigations 361 XXIV RECENT CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY 372 The Frankfurt School 372 Jacques Derrida 379 Jurgen Habermas 382 XXV RECENT ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY 388 Elizabeth Anscombe 389 W. V. O. Quine 390 Donald Davidson 393 Peter Geach 394 Peter Strawson 396 American Metaphysics 397 The Cartesian Revival 399 Analytical Ethics 401 John Rawls 405 Richard Rorty 406 Afterword 409 Suggestions for Further Reading 412 Index 421

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Book SynopsisCovering the biggest names, including Socrates, Seneca, St Augustine, Descartes, Marx and Nietzsche, I Think Therefore I Am provides a handle for all the main -isms and -ologies of western philosophy.Philosophers certainly like to make life sound awfully complicated – whether they're wondering if a falling tree still makes a sound if there's nobody around to hear it (Berkeley) or declaring that everything in the universe is in a state of flux (Heraclitus) – but is philosophy really so complicated? And is it really as irrelevant as it sometimes seems?I Think, Therefore I Am is the ideal way to take the fear out of philosophy. Written in an accessible and highly entertaining style, this book explains how and why philosophy began, and how, from Greek democracy to Communism, the ways in which we live, learn, argue, vote and even spend our money have their origins in philosophical thought.Trade ReviewDelves into all the principle 'isms' and 'ologies' with humour, knowledge and plenty of useful thinking * Lancashire Evening Post *

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Book SynopsisFear and Trembling and The Sickness Unto Death established Kierkegaard as the father of existentialism and has come to define his contribution to philosophy.Table of ContentsIntroduction by Gordon Marino vii Fear and Trembling 1 The Sickness Unto Death 235 Index 479

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Book Synopsis''I concluded that I was a substance whose whole essence or nature resides only in thinking, and which, in order to exist, has no need of place and is not dependent on any material thing.''Descartes''s A Discourse on the Method of Correctly Conducting One''s Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences marks a watershed in European thought; in it, the author provides an informal intellectual autobiography in the vernacular for a non-specialist readership, sweeps away all previous philosophical traditions, and sets out in brief his radical new philosophy, which begins with a proof of the existence of the self (the famous ''cogito ergo sum''), next deduces from it the existence and nature of God, and ends by offering a radical new account of the physical world and of human and animal nature.This new translation is accompanied by a substantial introductory essay which draws on Descartes''s correspondence to examine his motivation and the impact of his great work on his contemporaries. DetaileTrade Review...what sets this edition apart is its substantial introduction...its copious explanatory notes...The translation is clean and clear. Overall the work is to be recommended. * Roger Ariew, Modern Languages Review, vol 102, part 1 *'The care and accuracy of Ian Maclean's new translation are immediately apparentThis edition is remarkable for the ample introductory material which will be of great use to beginners and specialists alike[it] displays impeccable erudition and exemplary clarity.' sTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION; A PHILOSOPHER'S LIFE; THE GENESIS OF THE DISCOURSE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT; GALILEO, MERSENNE, AND THE CHURCH: AUTHORITY AND TRUTH; THE PUBLICATION OF THE DISCOURSE; THE DISCOURSE; DESCARTES AS A WRITER; ENVOI: THE CARTESIAN PHILOSOPHICAL EDIFICE

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Book SynopsisWhen the author wrote it in the immediate aftermath of World War II, most scholars outside Germany viewed Nietzsche as part madman, part proto-Nazi, and almost wholly unphilosophical. This title offers an account of his life and works, and of the uses and abuses to which subsequent generations had put his ideas.Trade Review"Illuminating."--New York Times "Mr. Kaufmann has produced what may be called the definitive study of Nietzsche's life and thought-an informed, scholarly, and lustrous work."--The New YorkerTable of ContentsForeword by Alexander Nehamas v Preface to the Fourth Edition (1974) xi Preface to the Third Edition (1968) xiii Preface to the Second Edition (1956) xix Preface to the First Edition (1950) xxi A Note on the Citations 2 Prologue: The Nietzsche Legend 3 Part I: Background 1. Nietzsche's Life as Background of His Thought 21 2. Nietzsche's Method 72 3. The Death of God and the Revaluation 96 Part II: The Development of Nietzsche's Thought 4. Art and History 121 5. Existenz versus the State, Darwin, and Rousseau 157 6. The Discovery of the Will to Power 178 Part III: Nietzsche's Philosophy of Power 7. Morality and Sublimation 211 8. Sublimation, Geist, and Eros 228 9. Power versus Pleasure 257 10. The Master Race 284 11. Overman and Eternal Recurrence 307 Part IV: Synopsis 12. Nietzsche's Repudiation of Christ 337 13. Nietzsche's Attitude toward Socrates 391 Epilogue: Nietzsche's Heritage 412 Appendix: Nietzsche's "Suppressed" Manuscripts 424 Four Letters: Commentary and Facsimile Pages 459 Bibliography and Key to Abbreviations 483 Index 511

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Book SynopsisThis sweeping history of classical economics shows how the work ethic has been used both to oppress workers and to liberate them. Today''s neoliberalism offers an oppressive version of the work ethic. However, the work ethic also offers resources for reorganizing the economy on behalf of ordinary people--Trade Review'Hijacked is an important and fascinating book that tells the spellbinding story of the struggle between conservatives and progressives over the Protestant work ethic. Nobody matches Anderson's distinctive combination of historical, political, and philosophical insight.' Stephen Darwall, author of Modern Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to Kant'This critical examination of the Protestant work ethic and its evolution in social and economic theory outlines the challenges of preserving rewarding and purposeful work in liberal economies where free market capitalism has eroded both aspirations and capabilities, undermining the intrinsic dignity and meaning of work.' Richard Donkin, author of The History of Work'Most of us will spend a significant part of our lives at work. But work conditions differ radically and the working poor often face brutal and dehumanizing workplaces. In this brilliant book, Anderson uncovers the role of a skewed version of the work ethic in shaping these harsh conditions. This skewed version turned the values of industry, prudence, and frugality against workers, while leaving the predatory and idle rich off the hook. Not only does Anderson offer a subtle diagnosis of the origins of today's stigmatization and deprivation of the poor, but she offers creative ideas for reclaiming the work ethic in the service of democracy. Her superb analysis, connecting political philosophy with both history and political economy, will stimulate wide debate.' Debra Satz, coauthor of Economic Analysis, Moral Philosophy, and Public Policy'As rigorous as it is approachable, this poignant plea for worker dignity contextualizes one of today's most salient economic issues.' Publishers Weekly'If we arm ourselves with Elizabeth Anderson's superb history of the work ethic, we obtain a powerful lens with which to explore at a perfect time - during party conference season - how different visions of work form the beating heart of ideological struggle.' Morning StarTable of ContentsPreface; 1. The dual nature of the Protestant work ethic and the birth of utilitarianism; 2. Locke and the progressive work ethic; 3. How conservatives hijacked the work ethic and turned it against workers; 4. Welfare reform, famine, and the ideology of the conservative work ethic; 5. The progressive work ethic (1): Smith, Ricardo, and Ricardian socialists; 6. The progressive work ethic (2): J. S. Mill; 7. The progressive work ethic (3): Marx; 8. Social democracy as the culmination of the progressive work ethic; 9. Hijacked again: Neoliberalism as the return of the conservative work ethic; 10. Conclusion: What should the work ethic mean for us today?; Acknowledgments; Major works cited; Notes; Index.

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Book SynopsisWhat do Socrates, Hypatia, Giordano Bruno, Thomas More, and Jan Patocka have in common? First, they were all faced one day with the most difficult of choices: stay faithful to your ideas and die or renounce them and stay alive. Second, they all chose to die. Their spectacular deaths have become not only an integral part of their biographies, but are also inseparable from their work. A death for ideas is a piece of philosophical work in its own right; Socrates may have never written a line, but his death is one of the greatest philosophical best-sellers of all time. Dying for Ideas explores the limit-situation in which philosophers find themselves when the only means of persuasion they can use is their own dying bodies and the public spectacle of their death. The book tells the story of the philosopher's encounter with death as seen from several angles: the tradition of philosophy as an art of living; the body as the site of self-transcending; death as a classical philosophical topic;Trade ReviewAn intriguing 'dramatic narrative' of philosophers' clash with death … a book that is accessible to all philosophers, academic and non-academic alike. In this intelligent and artful account, [Bradatan] ranges from the ancient world to our own times, drawing on the stories of individual philosophers who defended and died for their beliefs ... Bradatan's rich examination of the philosopher's act of dying for ideas brings into focus the riskiness of living for them as well. * Times Higher Education *[Bradatan] argues persuasively that death is not simply the opposite of life, but that it enters life and lends it urgency – that it can even 'breathe new life into life'. * Times Literary Supplement *Dying for Ideas: The Dangerous Lives of the Philosophers [is] a stimulating spiritual journey through an essential topic of human existence, and a reading of the history of human vision about it... Bradatan’s highly intelligent and challenging book is an exemplary scrutiny of the life of the human mind, the human soul and body. -- Norman Manea * The Los Angeles Review of Books *[Bradatan's] style is nimble. A register of directness works throughout the book, moving from argument to quip, to narrative as appropriate. The book is well designed, with each chapter building on the previous ... Dying for Ideas is a lucid discussion of mortality and an unsparing portrait of philosophy's ends - in both senses of the word. -- Damon Young * The Australian *Accessible, penetrating and erudite, [Dying For Ideas is] a beautifully written book which reveals that philosophy is not about academics grinding out dry papers but about mortals confronting the truths of the human condition in order to develop an art of living ... Bradatan has achieved something special in writing this book. As a comprehensive philosophy of death, it amounts to a profound philosophy of the true nature of philosophy itself -- Gary Cox * Morning Star Online *Books of philosophy are rarely page-turners, but Bradatan takes us through a fascinating exploration of the existential limit-situations in which philosophers find themselves when their only means of communicating the truth is their own dying bodies. * Existential Analysis *The choice of philosophers to sacrifice their lives for their ideas is lofty and grim. In Costica Bradatan’s book, it is also fun and funny. Dying for Ideas is full of joie de mourir, which as Plato’s Socrates would have put it, is just the other side of joie de vivre. The book is at once heroic and ironic ... Too often when young people announce their intention to study philosophy, well-wishers ask them what they are going to do with it, assuming it is a commodity that is bought from professionals and should lead to monetary returns. The correct answer is: live right, be prepared to die. Dying for Ideas reminds us of this ancient truth. * Aspen Review *[This is] a pithy book that is hard to put down as each section promises a new surprise. * Trouw (Bloomsbury translation) *One of the greatest merits of Costica Bradatan's book is that it explores a cluster of topics that represent the untold, the unuttered, almost the unutterable in contemporary philosophy: death, dying, sacrifice and self-sacrifice. Ours is a culture of 'happy endings' and, in this respect, most philosophers of today are the spokespersons of their time. Bradatan is a dissenter. His book approaches death head-on. Indeed, what makes this project fascinating is the fact that, while the book purports to be about 'dying for an idea,' it in fact sings praise to life. Death, in Bradatan's view, is something that brings new meaning to life, a renewed intensity to the act of living. * Simon Critchley, New School for Social Research, New York, USA. *A thoroughly stimulating exploration of philosophers and their courageous deaths, pushing us to reflect on the fascinating question: what is philosophy for? * Sarah Bakewell, author of 'How to Live: A Life of Montaigne' *Written with verve and humor, at once deeply learned and wickedly ironic, this book explores how philosophy is not only an art of living but also an art of dying - and dying well! Original and irreverent! * Seyla Benhabib, Eugene Meyer Professor for Political Science and Philosophy, Yale University, USA *What it all comes down to, unexpectedly enough, is laughter, even if it isn't clear at whose expense the joke has been played. The martyr laughs in the face of death, as More did... 'If you are the first to laugh at yourself,' Bradatan asks, 'what else can death possibly do to you?' ... a suggestive and finely delineated argument. -- Stuart Walton * Review 31 *Poignant, provocative, astute, moving, thoughtful. * The Millions Magazine *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. Philosophy as Self-fashioning 2. The First Layer 3. Philosophy in the Flesh 4. The Second Layer 5. The Making of a Martyr-Philosopher Postscript: To Die Laughing Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPensées; The Art of Persuasion; Writings on Grace

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Book Synopsis`the state of men without civil society (which state we may properly call the state of nature) is nothing else but a mere war of all against all.'' Thomas Hobbes was the first great philosopher to write in English. His account of the human condition, first developed in The Elements of Law (1640), which comprises Human Nature and De Corpore Politico, is a direct product of the intellectural and political strife of the seventeenth century. It is also a remarkably penetrating look at human nature, and a permanently relevant analysis of the fears of self-seeking that result in the war of `each against every man''. In The Elements of Law Hobbes memorably sets out both the main lines of his general philosophy, later augmented in De Corpore (1655), and the moral and political philosophy later made famous in Leviathan (1651). Copies of Human Nature and De Corpore Politico, until 1889 printed as separate works, are rare antiques or scarcely less rare scholarly texts; this is the first complete popular edition. It is here supplemented by chapters from De Corpore and Three Lives, two from Hobbes''s original Latin. These have never before been published together in English. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World''s Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford''s commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"As approachable, humane and personal an Aristotle as one could hope for. . . a triumph."---Peter Jones, Classics For All

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Book SynopsisG. W. F. Hegel''s first masterpiece, the Phenomenology of Spirit, is one of the great works of philosophy. It remains, however, one of the most challenging and mysterious books ever written. Michael Inwood presents this central work to the modern reader in an intelligible and accurate new translation. This translation attempts to convey, as accurately as possible, the subtle nuances of the original German text. Inwood also provides a detailed commentary that explains what Hegel is saying at each stage of his argument and also discusses the philosophical issues it raises. This volume will therefore prove invaluable to those who want to get to grips with Hegel''s thought processes and to follow his complex argument.Trade ReviewInwood's guide is both more textually engaged and more philosophically sophisticated than its predecessor [Miller]. The commentary on the Preface and Introduction is especially worthwhile . . . [the translation is] very dependable * Fred Rush, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *include[es] a helpful paragraph-by-paragraph Commentary . . . Inwood provides more aids to the reader, so is more suitable to the reader coming to the work for the first time, and is also to be recommended to those familiar with and not wanting to be taken too far from Miller. * Meade McCloughan, Marx and Philosophy *Table of ContentsEditor's Introduction Note on the Translation and Commentary The Phenomenology of Spirit Introduction A. Consciousness B. Self-Consciousness (AA.) Reason (BB.) Spirit (CC.) Religion (DD.) Absolute Knowledge Commentary

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Book SynopsisWhat does Heidegger mean by Dasein'? What does he say in Being and Time? How does his phenomenology differ to that of his teacher, Husserl? Answering these questions and more, The Heidegger Dictionary provides students with all the tools they need to better understand one of the most influential yet complex philosophers of the 20th century. Easy to use and navigate, this book is divided into four main parts, covering Heidegger's life, ideas and innovative terminology, related thinkers, and published and unpublished works. Updated with significant new material throughout, the 2nd edition has been expanded to engage with the latest Heidegger scholarship, and features: A new A-Z section on Heidegger's influences, past and contemporary, from Aristotle and Nietzsche to Husserl and Dilthey Summaries of Heidegger's entire 102-volume Collected Works, including the Black Notebooks Expanded coverage of Heidegger's thought, with straightfoTrade ReviewThe greatly expanded second edition of Dahlstrom’s Heidegger Dictionary now discusses the Black Notebooks and comments on all the available volumes of Heidegger’s collected writings, now nearing completion. Readers of Heidegger will turn often to this tour de force of erudition and judgment. * Richard Polt, Professor of Philosophy, Xavier University, USA *The Heidegger Dictionary represents a unique guide for whoever is interested in Heidegger’s philosophy. In this volume, Daniel Dahlstrom offers an elegant and detailed discussion of all of the major facets of Heidegger’s thought. Rigorous scholarship, coupled with an impressive familiarity with both the Analytic and Continental secondary literatures, makes The Heidegger Dictionary the best and most systematic introduction to one of the most extraordinary thinkers of the twentieth century available. * Filippo Casati, Assistant Professor, Lehigh University, USA *Dahlstrom’s Heidegger Dictionary offers the reader a well-rounded and coherent account of Heidegger’s thinking, whatever path they take through its entries. For the novice, it is a great introduction to Heidegger, for the scholar, it can spark new insights from seemingly familiar material. * Andrew J. Mitchell, Professor of Philosophy, Emory University, USA *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction List of Themes Part One: Themes Part Two: Names Part Three: Texts Appendix: Critical Considerations References Index

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Book SynopsisWhen the woman who would become Indra Devi was born in Russia in 1899, yoga was virtually unknown outside of India. By the time of her death, in 2002, it was being practiced everywhere, from Brooklyn to Berlin to Ulaanbaatar. In The Goddess Pose, New York Times best-selling author Michelle Goldberg traces the life of the incredible woman who brought yoga to the West and in so doing paints a sweeping picture of the twentieth century.Born into the minor aristocracy (as Eugenia Peterson), Devi grew up in the midst of one of the most turbulent times in human history. Forced to flee the Russian Revolution as a teenager, she joined a famous Berlin cabaret troupe, dove into the vibrant prewar spiritualist movement, and, at a time when it was nearly unthinkable for a young European woman to travel alone, followed the charismatic Theosophical leader Jiddu Krishnamurti to India. Once on the subcontinent, she performed in Indian silent cinema and hobnobbed with th

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Book SynopsisHe becomes everyman's guide to everything exciting in the history of ideas' New York Review of BooksIsaiah Berlin was one of the leading thinkers of the twentieth century, and one of the finest writers. The Proper Study Of Mankind selects some of his best essays in which his insights both illuminate the past and offer a key to the burning issues of today.The full (and enormous) range of his work is represented here, from the exposition of his most distinctive doctrine - pluralism - to studies of Machiavelli, Tolstoy, Churchill and Roosevelt. In these pages he encapsulates the principal movements that characterise the modern age: romanticism, historicism, Fascism, relativism, irrationalism and nationalism. His ideas are always tied to the people who conceived them, so that abstractions are brought alive. EDITED BY HENRY HARDY AND ROGER HAUSHEER AND WITH A NEW FOREWORD BY ANDREW MARRTrade ReviewHe speaks with such infectious energy that he sweeps us up and carries us with him into territory that had seemed inaccessible. He becomes everyman's guide to everything exciting in the history of ideas * New York Review of Books *A restatement of liberalism in a form by which the world could live * Observer *His uniqueness can be very well sampled in this admirable selection... Large as it is, it can serve only to stimulate the appetite * Evening Standard *The pleasure in reading Berlin lies in the clarity of the argument, in the laying out of his monumental sentences and paragraphs each of which is complete in itself while part of the greater and seemingly irrefutable whole which is gradually and massively revealed * Observer *

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Book SynopsisThroughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves - and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are.Voltaire''s short, radical and iconoclastic essays on philosophical ideas from angels to idolatry, miracles to wickedness, make wry observations about human beliefs, and mock hypocrisy and extravagant piety - his call to his fellow men to act with reason and see through the lies they are fed by their leaders has provided inspiration to freethinkers everywhere.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review'In our predicament every direct optimism is by definition a fake: the only bearers of true hope are those who dare to confront the abyss we are approaching. Hope without Optimism is the best formula of the authentic religion that fits our dark times.’ - Slavoj Žižek, author of Living in the End Times ‘With its wide sweep and fluent engagement with novels, social theory, lyric poetry, philosophy, literary theory, history, drama, theology and more, this book is brimming with ideas. The overwhelming coherence and power of Eagleton’s vision and the superabundance of novel insights is impressive.’ - Raymond Geuss, author of A World Without Why 'For years now, Eagleton’s work has been ‘must-read’ across the board. There are theological tomes on hope but nothing that cuts so cleanly and incisively across the disciplines of literary theory, Marxist theory, politics, and theology as does this work. The final chapter is not only a brilliant piece of theology; it is also a very moving essay on what we have to hope for: if not much, still, not nothing. And the difference between something and nothing is the only difference that finally matters. Eagleton shows why that is so.’ - Denys Turner, author of Faith, Reason, and the Existence of God

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Book SynopsisCopleston, an Oxford Jesuit and specialist in the history of philosophy, created his history as an introduction for Catholic ecclesiastical seminaries. The 11-volume series gives an accessible account of each philosopher's work, and explains their relationship to the work of other philosophers.Trade ReviewA monumental history ... learned, lucid, patient and comprehensive. * New Statesman *We can only applaud at the end of each act and look forward to applauding again at the final curtain. * Times Literary Supplement *Table of ContentsPreface PART I: THE FRENCH ENLIGHTENMENT I The French Enlightenment (1) II The French Enlightenment (2) III Rousseau (1) IV Rousseau (2) PART II: THE GERMAN ENLIGHTENMENT V The German Enlightenment (1) VI The German Enlightenment (2) VII The Break With the Enlightenment PART III: THE RISE OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF LITERATURE VIII Bossuet and Vico IX Voltaire to Herder PART IV: KANT X Kant (1): Life and Writings XI Kant (2): The Problems of the First Critique XII Kant (3): Scientific Knowledge XIII Kant (4): Metaphysics Under Fire XIV Kant (5): Morality and Religions XV Kant (6): Aesthetics and Teleology XVI Kant (7): Remarks on the Opus Postumum XVII Concluding Review Appendix: A Short Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisCopleston, an Oxford Jesuit and specialist in the history of philosophy, created his history as an introduction for Catholic ecclesiastical seminaries. The 11-volume series gives an accessible account of each philosopher's work, and explains their relationship to the work of other philosophers.Trade ReviewA monumental history . . . learned, lucid, patient and comprehensive. * New Statesman *We can only applaud at the end of each act and look forward to applauding again at the final curtain. * Times Literary Supplement *Table of ContentsPreface PART I: POST-KANTIAN IDEALIST STRUCTURES I Introduction II Fichte (1) III Fichte (2) IV Fichte (3) V Schelling (1) VI Schelling(2) VII Schelling (3) VIII Schleiermacher IX Hegel (1) X Hegel (2) XI Hegel (3) PART II: THE REACTION AGAINST METAPHYSICAL IDEALISM XII Earlier Opponents and Critics XIII Schopenhauer (1) XIV Schopenhauer (2) XV The Transformation of Idealism (1) XVI The Transformation of Idealism (2) XVII Kierkegaard PART III: LATER CURRENTS OF THOUGHT XVIII Non-Dialectical Materialism XIX The Neo-Kantian Movement XX The Revival of Metaphysics XXI Nietzsche (1) XXII Nietzsche (2) XXIII Retrospect and Prospect Appendix: A Short Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisCovering the symbolic systems and worldviews of the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa, New Zealand, this book is a concise introduction to Maori philosophy. It addresses core philosophical issues including Maori notions of the self, the world, epistemology, the form in which Maori philosophy is conveyed, and whether or not Maori philosophy has a teleological agenda. Introducing students to key texts, thinkers and themes, the book includes: - A Maori-to-English glossary and an index - Accessible interpretations of primary source material - Teaching notes, and reflections on how the studied material engages with contemporary debates - End-of-chapter discussion questions that can be used in teaching - Comprehensive bibliographies and guided suggestions for further reading. Maori Philosophy is an ideal text for students studying World Philosophies, or anyone who wishes to use Indigenous philosophies or methodologies in their own research and scholarship.Trade ReviewA significant, groundbreaking and fascinating book that examines Maori philosophy in a meaningful and contemporary way. It will become a core text for the many courses that draw on Indigenous knowledge and Matauranga Maori, educating and challenging the way we think. * Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Professor of Maori and Indigenous Studies, Waikato University, New Zealand *In this book, ‘native’ philosopher Georgina Stewart traverses the breadth and depth of Maori ways of thinking and making sense of the world. The relationship between traditional and historical Maori philosophical notions and contemporary Maori philosophical thought is examined such that both discord and harmony are embraced. * Hemi Dale, Director Maori Medium Education, University of Auckland, New Zealand *This book is an anthropology of Maori philosophy, a journey following Maori thought and metaphysics as it wrestles with the dictates of coloniality/modernity. A much-needed introduction to Maori thought, Stewart invites the reader to be more than a spectator but a participant in that fascinating journey. * Garrick Cooper, Senior Lecturer, Aotahi School of Maori and Indigenous Studies, University of Canterbury, New Zealand *In a beautifully written, at times painful, examination of living bi-culturally in ‘two worlds,’ Georgina Stewart ties together ancient Maori ways of knowing and te ao hurihuri; contemporary concerns in the modern world. She unpacks the tension of “fractionated” bloodlines, the postmodern dissonance of cultural performativity, and what it means to be authentic in fast changing times. * Ruth Irwin, Adjunct Professor, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia *For many people like me who are seeking to better understand the ways of thinking, doing and being of our Maori forebears and contemporaries, this book is a generous offering ... [Stewart's] writing should open doors to guide readers in their own learning, to work with respect for Maori philosophy and to build confidence in their working the intercultural spaces. * New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Maori Ideas about 'The Self' 2. Maori Ideas about 'The World' 3. Maori Ideas about 'Knowledge' 4. Maori Scholarship 5. Maori Research and Communities Glossary Further Reading Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis luxurious gift edition presents Inazo Nitobe''s classic work, The Way of the Samurai, featuring stencilled page edges and full-colour illustrations.To many people, the word samurai conjures images of menacing masks, long blades and elaborate armour. However, this classic text by Inazo Nitobe reveals the greater depths to samurai culture - they were not simply warriors but an aristocratic class who practiced literary and military arts in equal measure.Essential to this way of life was the samurai''s moral code and the quality of bushido, roughly translated as chivalry. The Way of the Samurai provides an intriguing exploration of bushido and other valued qualities such as rectitude or justice, courage, politeness, veracity, honour, loyalty and self-control. It also explores the Samurai''s more violent traditions, such as the chilling act of hara-kiri or self-immolation.This mixture of chivalric principles with brut

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Book Synopsis''What experience and history teaches us is that people and governments have never learned anything from history, or acted on principles deduced from it''''What and how much I possess is a matter of indifference so far as rights are concerned''''Education is the art of making man ethical''Without Hegel, modern thought is unthinkable - all those whose ideas have made the modern age have worked in his shadow. Hegel''s preoccupations remain as relevant today as ever - not least the isolation of the individual adrift in society. Yet if his ''philosophy'' seems as contemporary as ever, Hegel''s ''religious'' views have been dismissed as irrelevant anachronism. In this concise and illuminating guide, Raymond Plant demonstrates how the distinction is false, revealing that Hegel tackled the issues of interest to us all.

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Book SynopsisFor fifteen years, after his first visit to the country in1876, Nietzsche was repeatedly and irresistibly drawn back to Italy's climate and lifestyle. It was there that he composed his most famous works, including Thus Spake Zarathustra and Ecce Homo. This classic biography follows the troubled philosopher from Rome, to Florence, via Venice, Sorrento, Genoa, Sicily and finally to the tragic denouement in Turin, the city in which Nietzsche found a final measure of contentment before his irretrievable collapse. Endlessly fascinating and highly readable, Nietzsche in Italy will enthral anyone interested in Nietzsche's relationship with the country that enriched his soul more than any other.Trade Review“The essay-form allows Pourtalès a type of rhetorical flourish you wouldn’t expect in a traditional biography [as he] describes Nietzsche’s increasingly iconoclastic thought process, expressed throughout the 1880s in such explosive books as “Thus Spoke Zarathustra,” “Beyond Good and Evil” and “On the Genealogy of Morality.” --Wall Street Journal

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Book SynopsisWhat should we do with the ideals of internationalism, the withering away of state and horizontality? Probably start by thinking seriously about them. That is to say, about their conditions of possibility (or impossibility), rather than sticking to the wishful thinking which believes that for them to happen it is enough to want them. Humanity exists neither as a dust cloud of separate individuals nor as a unified world political community. It exists fragmented into distinct finite wholes, the forms of which have varied considerably throughout history - the nation-state being only one among many, and certainly not the last. What are the forces that produce this fragmentation, engender such groupings and prevent them from being perfectly horizontal, but also lead them to disappear, merge, or change form? It is questions such as these that this book explores, drawing on Spinoza's political philosophy and especially his two central concepts of multitudo and imperium.Trade ReviewPraise for Willing Slaves of Capital:This ambitious but always lucid book aims to reopen the conceptual framework of capitalism. * Le Monde *Praise for Willing Slaves of Capital:This work is an initiatory voyage towards communism. * L'Humanité *Praise for Willing Slaves of Capital:Frédéric Lordon is one of the most audacious contemporary left-wing economists. * Le Nouvel Observateur *Praise for Willing Slaves of Capital:At a time when all workers are required to show 'passion' for their jobs, Willing Slaves of Capital is a crucial re-affirmation of the importance of Spinoza's philosophy for understanding contemporary forms of servitude. Lordon persuasively and elegantly shows that the only way to break free is to hold onto a cold and exceptionless determinism: hope is pointless, regret is meaningless, yet change can still be made to happen. -- Mark Fisher, author of Capitalist RealismPraise for Willing Slaves of Capital:Lordon effectively and brilliantly demonstrates that Spinoza is less a precursor to Marx than a necessary complement. Only Spinoza's examination of the production of desire can answer the question that is at the core of Marxism: Why do workers work for capital rather than their own liberation? -- Jason Read, University of Southern Maine

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