Phenomenology and Existentialism Books

Book SynopsisWhat is given to us in conscious experience? The Given is an attempt to answer this question and in this way contribute to a general theory of mental content. The content of conscious experience is understood to be absolutely everything that is given to one, experientially, in the having of an experience. Michelle Montague focuses on the analysis of conscious perception, conscious emotion, and conscious thought, and deploys three fundamental notions in addition to the fundamental notion of content: the notions of intentionality, phenomenology, and consciousness. She argues that all experience essentially involves all four things, and that the key to an adequate general theory of what is given in experience--of ''the given''--lies in giving a correct specification of the nature of these four things and the relations between them. Montague argues that conscious perception, conscious thought, and conscious emotion each have a distinctive, irreducible kind of phenomenology--what she calls Table of ContentsIntroduction 1: Intentionality, phenomenology, consciousness, and content 2: A Brentanian theory of content 3: Awareness of awareness 4: P. F. Strawson's datum 5: Brentanianism, standard representationalism, and Fregean representationalism 6: Perception of physical objects: the phenomenological particularity fact 7: Perception of physical objects: the access problem 8: Cognitive phenomenology: what is given in conscious thought 9: Evaluative phenomenology: what is given in conscious emotion Concluding remarks

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Book SynopsisAims to bring phenomenology and analytic philosophy together, by demonstrating how work in phenomenology may help in analytic research, and how analytical philosophy of mind may shed light on phenomenological concerns. This book includes essays on topics as consciousness, intentionality, perception, action, self-knowledge, and temporal awareness.Trade ReviewPhenomenology and Philosophy of Mind shows how to use phenomenology in a fruitful way * Mind & Machine *...informative about the several, important respects in which phenomology meets the analytic tradition...a welcome addition to the expanding literature on the subject. * Dimitris Platchias, Journal of Consciousness Studies 13/03 *Table of ContentsI. THE PLACE OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN PHILOSOPHY OF MIND ; II: SELF-AWARENESS AND SELF-KNOWLEDGE ; III. INTENTIONALITY ; IV. UNITIES OF CONSCIOUSNESS ; V. PERCEPTION, SENSATION, AND ACTION

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Book SynopsisDavid Carr outlines a distinctively phenomenological approach to history. Rather than asking what history is or how we know history, a phenomenology of history inquires into history as a phenomenon and into the experience of the historical. How does history present itself to us, how does it enter our lives, and what are the forms of experience in which it does so? History is usually associated with social existence and its past, and so Carr probes the experience of the social world and of its temporality. Experience in this context connotes not just observation but also involvement and interaction: We experience history not just in the social world around us but also in our own engagement with it. For several decades, philosophers'' reflections on history have been dominated by two themes: representation and memory. Each is conceived as a relation to the past: representation can be of the past, and memory is by its nature of the past. On both of these accounts, history is separated by Trade Review...this is an excellent work, thought provoking and detailed. It is a significant contribution to debates and studies in the often-neglected area of philosophy of history. More than this the essay is, perhaps in passing, a brilliant introduction to phenomenology. * Chris Lawn, Philosophy in Review. *Readers will benefit from both Carr's discussion of these authors and his original arguments for the fecundity of a phenomenological approach to history ... Recommended. * Choice *... a powerful combination of phenomenological analysis and a history of ideas that provides insight into the genesis of the philosophical motivations for pursuing "phenomenological perspectives" in the philosophy of history A highly readable and erudite contribution to current and future debates in the philosophy of history, this book is a welcome contribution to both phenomenology and the philosophy of history * Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews Online *... ambitious, lucidly presented. * Martin Jay, Journal of the Philosophy of History *Table of ContentsIntroduction: On the Phenomenology of History ; 1. The Phenomenological Question ; 2. Representation, Memory, Experience ; 3. Phenomenological Perspectives: an Outline ; Chapter I: The Varieties of Experience ; 1. On the Concept of Experience and its Curious Fate ; 2. Experience and Innocence: The Empiricists ; 3. Experience in Kant and Hegel ; 4. So Far: Three Concepts of Experience ; 5. Dilthey, Husserl and a New Word: Erlebnis ; 6. From Mysticism to Pragmatism: Buber, James, Dewey ; 7. Taking Stock Again: How Many Concepts of Experience? ; 8. Experience and Foundationalism ; 9. Summing Up: Four Concepts of Experience ; Chapter II: Experience and History ; 1. The Two Relevant Senses of Experience ; 2. Husserl on Temporality ; 3. Time and Experience ; 4. Intentionality ; 5. Objects, Events, World ; 6. Others and The Human World ; 7. Experience and Historicity ; 8. Being with Others ; 9. <"We>" and Community ; 10. Community and Historicity ; 11. History and Retrospection ; 12. The Experience of Historical Events ; 13. Levels of Temporality ; 14. The Significance of These Examples ; Chapter III: Experience and The Philosophy of History ; 1. Taking Stock ; 2. Experience, Representation, Memory ; 3. Narrative Representation ; 4. Experience and Memory ; 5. What Kind of Philosophy of History Is This? ; 6. The Epistemology of History ; 7. The Metaphysics of History ; Chapter IV: The Metaphysics of History and Its Critics ; 1. The Project of Re-reading the Philosophy of History ; 2. The Rise and Fall of the Classical Philosophy of History: ; The Standard View ; 3. Hegel and his Alleged Predecessors ; 4. Hegel's Lectures and Their Reception ; 5. Twentieth Century Reactions ; Chapter V: A Phenomenological Re-reading of the Classical Philosophy of History ; 1. Danto and <"Metaphysics of Everyday Life>" ; 2. Narrative and Everyday Life ; 3. Practical Narrative ; 4. Narrative and The Classical Philosophy of History ; 5. Narrative and The Social ; 6. The Project of Re-reading ; 7. Marx and Marxists ; 8. Hegel's Lectures Again ; 9. History and the Phenomenology of Spirit ; 10. Hegel as Reformer ; 11. Hegel and Beyond ; 12. Conclusion ; Chapter VI: Phenomenologists on History ; 1. The Emergence of Nineteenth Century Historicism ; 2. Historicism and Marxism ; 3. Husserl and Dilthey ; 4. Husserl's Response to Historicism ; 5. Husserl's Crisis and a Different View of History ; 6. Philosophy of History in the Crisis ; 7. Phenomenology and The Epistemology of History ; 8. Phenomenology and Historicity in the Crisis ; 9. Coda: French Phenomenology of History ; 10. Conclusion ; Chapter VII: Space, Time and History ; 1. Time Zones: Phenomenological Reflections on Cultural Time ; a. Space and Place, Home and Beyond ; b. Lived Space, Lived Time ; c. The Universal Now ; d. Time and The Other ; e. Local Time, East and West ; f. Conclusion: Cultural Time and the Contemporary World ; 2. Place and Time: On the Interplay of Historical Points of View ; a. Place ; b. The Reality of Others ; c. Time ; d. <"Virtual History>" ; e. Narrative ; f. Conclusion ; Chapter VIII: Experience, Narrative and Historical Knowledge ; 1. History, Fiction and Human Time ; a. Questioning the Distinction Between History and Fiction ; b. A Response ; c. Fiction and Falsehood ; d. Knowledge and Imagination ; e. Narrative and Reality ; f. An Example ; g. Conclusion ; 2. Narrative Explanation ; 3. Epistemology and Ontology of Narrative ; BIBLIOGRAPHY ; INDEX

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Book SynopsisThe nature and reality of self is a subject of increasing prominence among Western philosophers of mind and cognitive scientists. It has also been central to Indian and Tibetan philosophical traditions for over two thousand years. It is time to bring the rich resources of these traditions into the contemporary debate about the nature of self. This volume is the first of its kind. Leading philosophical scholars of the Indian and Tibetan traditions join with leading Western philosophers of mind and phenomenologists to explore issues about consciousness and selfhood from these multiple perspectives. Self, No Self? is not a collection of historical or comparative essays. It takes problem-solving and conceptual and phenomenological analysis as central to philosophy. The essays mobilize the argumentative resources of diverse philosophical traditions to address issues about the self in the context of contemporary philosophy and cognitive science. Self, No Self? will be essential reading for pTrade Reviewa welcome product of a rare endeavor: the attempt to bring insights from diverse schools of thought to bear on a question of deep philosophical interest ... * Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. The Who and How of Experience ; 3. The Experiential Self: objections and clarifications ; 4. Nirvana and Ownerless consciousness ; 5. Self and Subjectivity: A Middle Way Approach ; 6. Self-No-Self? Memory and Reflexive Awareness ; 7. Subjectivity, Selfhood and the Use of the Word 'I' ; 8. 'I am of the nature of Seeing': Phenomenological Reflections on the Indian Notion of Witness-Consciousness ; 9. Situating the Elusive Self of Advaita Vedanta ; 10. Enacting the Self: Buddhist and Enactivist Approaches to the Emergence of the Self ; 11. Radical self-awareness ; 12. Buddhas as Zombies: A Buddhist Reduction of Subjectivity ; Notes on Contributors ; Index

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Book SynopsisSeries Editor's Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Tragedy Logic Negativity Tragedy and Logic Time and Circularity Nature Language Teleology History Conclusion Notes Bibliography Author Index Subject IndexTrade Review'Here is a unique and fresh approach to Hegel's thought. By tapping the resources of his early writings, and developing the tragic strand that distinguishes them from the totalizing thrust of his later work, Karin de Boer demonstrates the relevance of Hegel's thought for a critical assessment of modernity's self-understanding. The pivotal contribution of this rich and sophisticated study, whose strength is on par with Hegel's, is the development of a 'logic of entanglement' which not only undercuts the concept of absolute negativity characteristic of Hegel's speculative works, but also provides new insight into the instable nature of the relation between contrary moments.' - Rodolphe Gasché, SUNY Distinguished Professor& Eugenio Donato Professor of Comparative Literature at SUNY at Buffalo 'In her On Hegel: The Sway of the Negative Karin de Boer masterfully shows how the idea of tragedy and the work of tragic negativity is at the heart of Hegel's system of philosophy, in constant tension with his famous dialectic, pervading the Logic, Nature, and History. This is a great accomplishment that offers a fresh, actual, and highly insightful re-reading of Hegel as the philosopher of modernity's self-criticism.' - Angelica Nuzzo, Professor of Philosophy at Brooklyn College, City University of New YorkTable of ContentsSeries Editor's Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Tragedy Logic Negativity Tragedy and Logic Time and Circularity Nature Language Teleology History Conclusion Notes Bibliography Author Index Subject Index

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Book SynopsisWhy does knowledge of philosophy presuppose knowledge of reality? What are the characters in Deleuze's theatre and philosophy? How are his famous metaphysical distinctions secondary to the concept of philosophy as practice and politics? These questions are answered through careful analysis and application of Deleuzian principles.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction PART I: DELEUZE AND SYSTEMATIC PHILOSOPHY The Shape of Systematic Philosophy Deleuze's Slogan of the Middle The Middle as Becoming Deleuze's Problem, Differential, or Abstract Machine PART II: THEATRE OF OPERATIONS The Exclusive Disjunctive Synthesis of Professional Philosophy Affirmative Philosophy Three Conceptual Personae: the Anglo-American Philosopher, the French Philosopher, and the Logician The Philosopher, the Artist, the Scientist, the Historian, & the Logician The Phenomenologist as Hero, The Phenomenologist as Parasite The Structuralist as Hero, the Structuralist as Palace Dog Philosophy's Encounter with Literature Why Does the Hero Loath Discussion? The Abstract Machine of Philosophical Discourse PART III: AFFIRMING PHILOSOPHY Philosophy's Demise Has Been Greatly Exaggerated The First Metaphilosophical Question: What is a Philosophy? The Second Metaphilosophical Question: What Does it Mean to Think? Ethico-Political Metaphysics Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis work traces the development of Heidegger's explanation of philosophy as a methodological atheism, relating it to his reading of Aristotle, Aquinas and Nietzsche. A predominant issue throughout this study is Heidegger's pursuit of an answer to the question: how did God get into philosophy?Trade Review“This book introduces some much-needed structure, sophistication, and close attention to textual detail into what are by now well-worn and increasingly convoluted debates about Heidegger’s relation to theology and religious belief. . . . Few people are as familiar with and attentive to the full sweep of Heidegger’s writings as Hemming proves himself to be; and those in the fields of theology and philosophy of religion who are desirous of finding inspiration and sustenance for their endeavours from this particular domain of philosophy can rest assured that Hemming is a reliable and sophisticated guide.” —Religious Studies“I can recommend the book to anybody who feels ready to be challenged in his self-certainty and assurance in faith, and who has a genuinely critical interest in the meaning of his own existence and of the age and society he inhabits. The book is accessible to those not yet introduced to Heidegger’s particular terminology. . . . The book will be also of immense interest to Heidegger scholars, especially those interested in the relation between Heidegger and theology. . . . [T]his book could stir afresh theological thinking that admits its limits before God but takes up its own way of thought, guided—and called into question—by the Word of God.” —Theology Today“Heidegger’s Atheism is a very well researched account of the sequence of Heidegger’s relation to religion and theology. It contains one of the best discussions in any language of the ‘turn’ or Kehre, as well as a first-rate account of Heidegger’s crucial relationship to scholasticism and, in particular, to Thomas Aquinas. This book makes a crucial contribution to Heidegger research.” —John Milbank, Frances Ball Professor of Philosophical Theology, University of Virginia“[Hemming] has written an important work. It transcends the alternative interpretations that serve as its foils. It deserves serious attention from anyone who would closely explore Heidegger’s religious views.” —Theological Studies“Heidegger’s Atheism is based on extensive research, in-depth textual analyses, and much scholarly debate.” —Choice“Hemming offers a well-grounded study of exactly what Heidegger’s atheism entails . . . highly recommended.” —Library Journal“His book is best conceived as a careful listening to and thinking with Heidegger. . . . Hemming has established . . . a highly original and fiercely independent viewpoint. . . . ” —The Thomist

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Book SynopsisThe essays in this volume explore whether Kierkegaard's writings are misogynistic, ambivalent or essentialist in their views of woman and the feminine or whether they are liberatory and empowering. His style - labyrinthine and multilayered - has been seen to adumbrate "ecriture feminine".

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Book SynopsisPhenomenology and the Holy is a study of the holy which attempts to find this both in the ordinary and in the sublime, thus challenging the reduction of the holy to a discrete and separated field of experience.

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Book SynopsisJohn Macquarrie's classic study of existentialism and the work of two of its most important representatives: Martin Heidegger and Rudolf Bultmann.

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Book SynopsisThe popular psychoanalyst examines the continuing tension in our lives between the possibilities that freedom offers and the various limitations imposed upon us by our particular fate or destiny.

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Book SynopsisFrom the bestselling author of Einstein's Dreams—“an elegant and moving paean to our spiritual quest for meaning in an age of science (The New York Times Book Review). • The basis for the public television series SEARCHING with Alan Lightman.As a physicist, Alan Lightman has always held a scientific view of the world. But one summer evening, while looking at the stars from a small boat at sea, Lightman was overcome by the overwhelming sensation that he was merging with something larger than himself—an eternal unity, something absolute and immaterial. The result is an inspired, lyrical meditation from the acclaimed author of Einstein's Dreams that explores these seemingly contradictory impulses. Lightman draws on sources ranging from Saint Augustine's conception of absolute truth to Einstein's theory of relativity, and gives us a profound inquiry into the human desire for truth and meaning, and a journey along the different paths of religion and science that become part of that quest. This small but provocative book explores the tension between our yearning for certainty and permanence versus the modern scientific view that all things in the physical world are uncertain and impermanent.

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Book Synopsis“Like man, woman is a human being.”   When The Second Sex was first published in Paris in 1949—groundbreaking, risqué, brilliantly written and strikingly modern—it provoked both outrage and inspiration. The Independent Woman contains three key chapters of Beauvoir’s masterwork, which illuminate the feminine condition and identify practical social reforms for gender equality. It captures the essence of the spirited manifesto that switched on light bulbs in the heads of a generation of women and continues to exert profound influence on feminists today.

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewTrue to its title, Janet Donohoe’s Remembering Places, is an eloquent and evocative recollection of the intimate connection of place with memory and of memory with place. Beginning with the phenomenon of home, and moving on to explore questions concerning tradition, mourning, forgetting, memorial and monument, and even contemporary virtuality, Donohoe deftly combines phenomenological and hermeneutic analysis with personal experience and reflection. Perhaps the most intriguing element in the work is the implicit suggestion that time is itself only to be found in place and in our engagement with place. This is a book that will reward careful and thoughtful reading. It makes a significant contribution to contemporary philosophical topography at the same time as it also enacts the very task that it enjoins us towards. -- Jeff Malpas, Distinguished Professor, University of TasmaniaJanet Donohoe’s reflections on collective memory and tradition bring an important new dimension to discussions of the phenomenology of place. Thoughtful and readable, the work reminds us that places are more than static containers but themselves are the material embodiment and conditions of the possibility of experience. -- Ingrid Leman Stefanovic, University of TorontoFocusing largely on the lived dimensions of monuments and memorials, Janet Donohoe draws on phenomenological and hermeneutic perspectives to explore the complex relationship between place, memory, and history. The study includes a helpful overview of phenomenological research on place; particularly valuable is Donohoe’s perceptive clarification of phenomenologist Edmund Husserl’s co-constituted concepts of homeworld and alienworld. She examines how places provide not only settings for human life but also help shape memory, tradition, and a lived sense of history. Lastly, Donohoe offers a thoughtful philosophical discussion of the personal and collective value of monuments and memorials as they evoke existential and historical meanings through an intensified ambience of place. Donohoe’s book is an important phenomenological contribution to the growing interdisciplinary literature on place studies. -- David Seamon, Kansas State UniversityPhenomenology is distinctive in that it attends not only to the everyday, ordinary, and mundane dimensions of existence, but also specifically considers such dimensions as they are experienced. Donohoe argues that the complicated relationship between memory, tradition, and place is fundamentally important to all lived experience. Place is what allows for collective memory, and such memory is what constitutes the traditions by which one finds oneself attached to specific places. Working in light of Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and in conversation with the phenomenological accounts of place and memory offered by Ed Casey and Gaston Bachelard, Donohoe offers a compelling account of place as a palimpsest—a form of writing that allows what has been erased to remain visible. Suggesting that memory works in the same way, Donohoe opens productive ways to think about lived experience by considering how such experience always occurs somewhere. By focusing on location and then reflecting on the meaning generated by it, Donohoe enables phenomenology to be even more careful concerning the task of philosophizing. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-level undergraduates through researchers/faculty. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsChapter One: A Phenomenology of Memory and Place Chapter Two: From Individual to Collective Memory Chapter Three: Collective Memory, Place, and Mourning Chapter Four: A Hermeneutics of Monuments Chapter Five: Conclusions

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Book SynopsisHeidegger''s Being and Time: Critical Essays provides a variety of recent studies of Heidegger''s most important work. Twelve prominent scholars, representing diverse nationalities, generations, and interpretive approaches deal with general methodological and ontological questions, particular issues in Heidegger''s text, and the relation between Being and Time and Heidegger''s later thought. All of the essays presented in this volume were never before available in an English-language anthology. Two of the essays have never before been published in any language (Dreyfus and Guignon); three of the essays have never been published in English before (Grondin, Kisiel, and ThomS), and two of the essays provide previews of works in progress by major scholars (Dreyfus and Kisiel).Trade ReviewRichard Polt has assembled a collection of insightful and provocative articles from the world's leading Heidegger-scholars. This eclectic volume brings Heidegger's magnum opus, Being and Time, into a critical forum where his most pivotal discussions of temporality, being, and human existence can be appropriated in new ways. Undoubtably, the student of Heidegger will find this volume to be extremely helpful for probing the depth of his thinking and experiencing how Being and Time continues to be influential. -- Frank Schalow, Department of Philosophy, University of New OrleansThe inclusion of a wide variety of perspectives and especially the first appearance in translation of essays by Grondin, Figal and Thomä, makes this volume an attractive option for class adoption. -- Robert Bernasconi, Pennsylvania State UniversityRichard Polt has gathered here a distinguished international body of Heidegger commentators who together throw important light on what is arguably the single most important work of European philosophy in the Twentieth Century. Ranging over matters both historical and problematic, in voices that are both continental and Anglo-American, Polt has put together what will long stand as an invaluable and indispensable guide to Being and Time. -- John D. Caputo, Thomas J. Watson Professor of Religion and Humanities, Syracuse UniversityAn anthology of the first order—twelve highly qualified approaches to the interpretation of Heidegger's master work, all 'critical' in the best sense of the word, de-fining its limits and then either clarifying them or suggesting ways to extend them. Richard Polt's introduction, with its succinct résumé of the Heidegger text and carefully nuanced summary of each contribution to the reading of it, weaves the collection into a polychromatic whole. -- William J. Richardson, Boston CollegeTable of ContentsChapter 1 Acknowledgments Chapter 2 Introduction Chapter 3 Why Reawaken the Question of Being? Chapter 4 The Temporality of Thinking: Heidegger's Method, from Thinking in the Light of Time: Heidegger's Encounter with Hegel Chapter 5 The Constitution of Our Being Chapter 6 Heidegger's Anti-Dualism: Beyond Mind and Matter Chapter 7 The Genesis of Theory, from The Glance of the Eye: Heidegger, Aristotle, and the Ends of Theory Chapter 8 Being-with, Dasein-with, and the "They" as the Basic Concept of Unfreedom, from Martin Heidegger: Phänomenologie der Freiheit Chapter 9 Subjectivity: Locating the First-Person in Being and Time Chapter 10 Can There Be a Better Source of Meaning than Everyday Practices? Reinterpreting Division I of Being and Time in the Light of Division II Chapter 11 Genuine Timeliness, from Heidegger's Concept of Truth Chapter 12 Historical Meaning in the Fundamental Ontology of Being and Time, from Martin Heidegger and the Problem of Historical Meaning Chapter 13 The Demise of Being and Time: 1927–1930 Chapter 14 Being and Time in Retrospect: Heidegger's Self-Critique Chapter 15 Selected Bibliography Chapter 16 Index Chapter 17 About the Authors

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Book SynopsisDermot Moran provides a lucid, engaging, and critical introduction to Edmund Husserl''s philosophy, with specific emphasis on his development of phenomenology. This book is a comprehensive guide to Husserl's thought from its origins in nineteenth-century concerns with the nature of scientific knowledge and with psychologism, through his breakthrough discovery of phenomenology and his elucidation of the phenomenological method, to the late analyses of culture and the life-world. Husserl''s complex ideas are presented in a clear and expert manner. Individual chapters explore Husserl''s key texts including Philosophy of Arithmetic, Logical Investigations, Ideas I, Cartesian Meditations and Crisis of the European Sciences. In addition, Moran offers penetrating criticisms and evaluations of Husserl''s achievement, including the contribution of his phenomenology to current philosophical debates concerning consciousness and the mind. Edmund HusseTrade Review'Outstanding ... it offers an overarching introductory account of the basic themes and key developmental phases of Husserl's thought, giving a clear picture of its intellectual roots in Cartesian and (most importantly) Kantian philosophy.' Stephen Mulhall, Times Higher Education Supplement 'Executed with scholarly brio and elegance ... Moran has put together a comprehensive - but not tiresome - presentation of Husserl, boasting a vast and updated array of sources deftly employed in exploring the thought and the person behind Phenomenology ... Moran commands Husserl's oeuvre convincingly, using archival material, published Nachlass, and epistolary sources for the sake of making the reader well acquainted with this "man of infinite tasks". One will not find here a languid repetition of famous passages and formulas, but rather an intelligent, systematic recast of Husserl's thought, exhibiting many a precious jewel not found in the more popular, translated works. Moran also does the reader a favor by presenting Husserl in relation to his contemporaries and his followers, as well as in dialogue with our contemporaries, for whom Husserlian Phenomenology still has much to offer.' Tijdschrift voor FilosofieTable of ContentsAcknowledgements. Abbreviations. Introduction. Chapter One: Edmund Husserl (1859-1938): Life and Writings. Chapter Two: Husserl's Conception of Philosophy. Chapter Three: The Philosophy of Arithmetic (1891). Chapter Four: Husserl's 'Breakthrough Work': Logical Investigations (1900/1901). Chapter Five: The Eidetic Phenomenology of Consciousness. Chapter Six: Husserl's Transcendental. Phenomenology: An Infinite Project. Chapter Seven: The Ego, Embodiment, Otherness, Intersubjectivity, and the 'Community of Monads'. Chapter Eight: Conclusion: Husserl's Contribution to Philosophy. Notes. Bibliography. Index

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Table of ContentsSection One The Constitution of Material Nature.- one: The Idea of Nature in General.- § 1. Preliminary delineation of the concepts of nature and experience..- (Exclusion of meaning predicates).- § 2. The natural-scientific attitude as a theoretical attitude.- § 3. Analysis of the theoretical attitude, of the theoretical interest.- § 4. Theoretical acts and “pre-giving” intentional lived experiences.- § 5. Spontaneity and passivity; actuality and inactuality of consciousness.- § 6. The distinction between the transition into the theoretical attitude and the transition into reflection.- § 7. Objectivating and non-Objectivating acts and their correlates.- § 8. The sense-objects as primal constitutive objects.- § 9. Categorial and aesthetic (“sensuous”) synthesis.- § 10. Things, spatial phantoms, and the data of sensation.- § 11. Nature as sphere of mere things.- Two: The Ontic Sense-Strata of the Thing of Intuition as Such.- § 12. Material and animal nature.- § 13. The significance of extension for the structure of “things” in general and of material things in particular.- § 14. The significance of extension for the structure of animalia.- § 15. The essence of materiality (substance).- a) Phenomenological analysis of the givenness of the thing as a way toward determining the essence, “material thing.”.- b) Mobility and alterability as constituents of the material thing; the thing-schema.- c) Exhibition of the materiality of the thing by way of its dependence on circumstances.- d) The schema as real determinateness of the material thing.- e) More precise determination, redetermination, and cancellation of the thing-experience.- § 16. The constitution of the properties of the thing in multiple relations of dependency.- § 17. Materiality and substantiality.- Three: The Aestheta in Their Relation to the Aesthetic Body.- § 18. The subjectively conditioned factors of the constitution of the thing; the constitution of the Objective material thing.- a) The intuitive qualities of the material thing in their dependencies on the experiencing subject-Body.- b) The significance of normal perceptual conditions for the constitution of the intuited thing and the significance of abnormalities.- c) The significance of psychophysical conditionality for the various levels of constitution.- d) The physicalistic thing.- e) Possibility of the constitution of an “Objective nature” on the solipsistic level.- f) Transition from solipsistic to intersubjective experience.- g) More precise characterization of the physicalistic thing.- h) The possibility of the constitution of an “Objective nature” at the level of intersubjective experience.- Section Two The Constitution of Animal Nature.- § 19. Transition to the consideration of the soul as a natural Object.- § 20. The sense of the ordinary talk about the “psychic”.- § 21. The concept of “I as man”.- One: The Pure Ego.- § 22. The pure Ego as Ego-pole.- § 23. The possibility of grasping the pure Ego (the Ego-pole).- § 24. “Mutability” of the pure Ego.- § 25. Polarity of acts: Ego and Object.- § 26. Alert and dull consciousness.- § 27. “I as man” as part of the content of the environment of the pure Ego.- § 28. The real Ego constituted as transcendent Object; the pure Ego as given in immanence.- § 29. Constitution of unities within the sphere of immanence. Persistent opinions as sedimentations in the pure Ego.- Two: Psychic Reality.- § 30. The real psychic subject.- § 31. The formal-universal concept of reality.- § 32. Fundamental differences between material and psychic reality..- § 33. More precise determination of the concept of reality.- § 34. Necessity of the distinction between the naturalistic and the personalistic attitudes.- Three: The Constitution of Psychic Reality Through the Body.- § 35. Transition to the study of the constitution of “man as nature”.- § 36. Constitution of the Body as bearer of localized sensations (sensings).- § 37. Differences between the visual and tactual realms.- § 38. The Body as organ of the will and as seat of free movement.- § 39. Significance of the Body for the constitution of higher Objectivities.- § 40. More precision concerning the localization of the sensings and concerning the non-thingly properties of the Body.- § 41. Constitution of the Body as material thing in contrast to other material things.- a) The Body as center of orientation.- b) Peculiarity of the manifolds of appearance of the Body.- c) The Body as integral part of the causal nexus.- § 42. Character of the Body as constituted solipsistically.- Four: The Constitution of Psychic Reality in Empathy.- § 43. Givenness of other animalia.- § 44. Primal presence and appresence.- §45. Animalia as primally present Corporeal bodies with appresented interiority.- § 46. Significance of empathy for the constitution of the reality “I as man.”.- § 47. Empathy and the constitution of nature.- Section Three The Constitution of the Spiritual World.- § 48. Introduction.- One: Opposition Between the Naturalistic and Personalistic Worlds.- § 49. The personalistic attitude versus the naturalistic.- a) Introjection of the soul as presupposition even for the naturalistic attitude.- b) Localization of the psychic.- c) Temporalization of the psychic. (Immanent time and space-time).- d) Reflection on method.- e) The naturalistic attitude and the natural attitude.- § 50. The person as center of a surrounding world.- §51. The person in personal associations.- § 52. Subjective manifolds of appearance and Objective things.- § 53. The relationship between the consideration of nature and the consideration of the spirit.- Two: Motivation as the Fundamental Law of the Spiritual World.- § 54. The Ego in the inspectio sui.- § 55. The spiritual Ego in its comportment toward the surrounding world.- § 56. Motivation as the fundamental lawfulness of spiritual life.- a) Motivation of reason.- b) Association as motivation.- c) Association and experiential motivation.- d) Motivation in its noetic and noematic aspects.- e) Empathy toward other persons as an understanding of their motivations.- f) Natural causality and motivation.- g) Relations between subjects and things from the viewpoint of causality and of motivation.- h) Body and spirit as comprehensive unity: “spiritualized” Objects.- § 57. Pure Ego and personal Ego as Object of reflexive self-apperception.- § 58. The constitution of the personal Ego prior to reflection.- § 59. The Ego as subject of faculties.- § 60. The person as subject of acts of reason, as “free Ego”.- a) The “I can” as practical possibility, as neutrality modification of practical acts, and as original consciousness of abilities.- b) The “I can” motivated in the person’s knowledge of himself Self-apperception and self-understanding.- c) The influence of others and the freedom of the person.- d) General type and individual type in understanding persons.- § 61. The spiritual Ego and its underlying basis.- Three: The Onto logical Priority of the Spiritual World over the Naturalistic.- § 62. The interlocking of the personalistic attitude and the naturalistic attitude.- § 63. Psychophysical parallelism and interaction.- §64. Relativity of nature, absoluteness of spirit.- Supplements.- Supplement I: Attempt at a step-wise description of constitution.- Supplement II: The Ego as pole and the Ego of habitualities.- Supplement III: The localization of the ear noises in the ear.- Supplement IV: Sketch of an introduction to “The constitution of the spiritual world.”.- Supplement V: The pregivennesses of the spirit in spiritual life.- Supplement VI: Inspectio sui (“I do” and “I have”).- Supplement VII: The Ego and its “over-and-against.”.- Supplement VIII: On the unity of “Body” and “spirit”.- Supplement IX: Spiritual products.- Supplement X: Personal Ego and surrounding world (333)—The levels of the constitution of Objective reality (336)— Pure Ego and personal Ego (337).- Supplement XI: The human being apprehended in an inductive-natural way and the free person.- Supplement XII: Supplements to Section Three.- I. The Person—The Spirit and Its Psychic Basis.- § 1. The distinction between primal sensibility and intellectusAgens.- § 2. Sensibility as the psychic basis of the spirit.- Excursus: impression and reproduction.- § 3. Development of the Ego—Ego-action and Ego-affection.- II. Subjectivity as Soul and as Spirit in the Attitude of the Natural Sciences and in the Attitude of the Human Sciences.- § 1. The reality of the soul and of the human being.- § 2. Psychophysical causality and the causal nexus of things.- § 3. Possibility of the insertion of the soul into nature.- § 4. The human being as spiritual subject.- § 5. Empathy as spiritual (not naturalistic) relation between subjects.- § 6. Spiritual Ego and psychological Ego.—Constitution of the Ego as self-apperception.- § 7. Subjects considered as nature and as spirit.- § 8. Distinction between a psychological and a psychophysical analysis.- § 9. Stream of consciousness, lived experience, and intentional correlates as nexuses of psychic life.- § 10. The spiritual considered psychologically and the question of its “explanation.”—Two concepts of nature.- § 11. The human sciences posit subjectivity as absolute. —“Inner” and “outer” experience.- § 12. Nature in the human-scientific attitude.—The human-scientific and the phenomenological attitude.- Supplement XIII: “Personal subjectivity” as theoretical theme,.- Supplement XIV: Human-scientific attitude—Natural science incorporated into the human-scientific attitude.—Mere nature as surrounding world (389)—The various types of intuitive causality (390)—Abstract-scientific investigations (391)—Natural science within human science (392)—The concept of Objectivity (398).- Epilogue.

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