Pharmacology Books

Book SynopsisProviding an overview of the assessment, diagnosis, and pharmacological treatment of tics, this is a practical handbook designed for use in busy clinics by trainees and practitioners in a range of disciplines. The most widely used pharmacological treatment options for tics are covered, including first- and second-generation antidopaminergic medications, alpha-2 adrenergic medications, and other tic-suppressing medications. Particular care has been taken in covering the key medications used for tic control, detailing information such as the main pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, tolerability profiles, clinically relevant interactions, and recommendations for use in special populations. International guidelines on the pharmacotherapy of tics are defined, with further reading lists of up-to-date literature supporting the reader in developing their knowledge. Delivering evidence-based applied guidance for the assessment and pharmacological treatment of tics, this is an essentTrade Review'The book meets this audience's needs by being comprehensive, organized in a well-indexed and logical manner, and including high-yield tables of information.' Aliza Sharon Kumpinsky, Doody's Book Review ServiceTable of ContentsIntroduction: the long and winding road to Tourette syndrome; Part I. Diagnosis of Tics: 1. Evaluation and differential diagnosis of tics and related disorders; 2. Assessment of tic severity; Part II. Pharmacotherapy of Tics: 3. First generation antidopaminergic medications; 4. Second generation antidopaminergic medications; 5. Alpha-2 adrenergic medications; 6. Other tic-suppressing medications; Part III. Guidelines on the Pharmacotherapy of Tics: 7. Guidelines based on systematic literature review and meta-analysis; 8. Guidelines based on expert survey and consensus.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPublished in collaboration with American Journal of Therapeutics, Therapeutic Advances in Hospital Medicine: Focus on the Older Adult is a concise, practical reference that helps you provide optimal care to geriatric patients in the hospital setting. Ideal for hospitalists, geriatricians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants, this easy-to-read monograph presents expert advice on effectively managing common conditions seen in this growing patient population. Discusses common geriatric hospital presentations such as congestive heart failure, complicated urinary tract infections, symptomatic hyponatremia, orthostatic hypotension, delirium, chronic pain, and insomnia. Includes a section on medication management that addresses the issues of overdose and conflicting prescriptions that arise from multiple medical conditions. Highlights important therapeutic advances in caring for patients with anticoagulant-induced bleeding and diabetes. Covers improved interdisciplinary collaboration for perioperative care, nutritional support, and advanced care planning. Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisPediatrics is the form of medical care that is concerned with children from birth to adolescence, specializing in a variety of characteristics and changes subjective to each patient. Undoubtedly, these changes influence drug distribution and response. The body composition and the processes of biological and physiological maturation constitute important variables worthy of consideration in the effort to adequately satisfy the therapeutic necessities of all the age groups, since different formulations are required to achieve optimum therapy. The technological advances in the last decades have endowed humanity with the facilities to painstakingly analyze biological samples and thus give way to potential progress in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. From this knowledge, it becomes clear that the body is a dynamic model and thus, brings to light the necessity to individualize treatment regimens based on parameters of each and every individual, which in the past was not as important. There are instruments that contribute to optimizing drug management and safety in the pediatric population as recommended by the World Health Organization that rotate on the application of drug monitoring strategies that would contribute to ensuring the safety of patients and improve treatment schemes with increasingly safe and effective drugs. Furthermore, recourses to the therapeutic monitoring of drugs would become available where a monitoring based principally on the drug plasma levels is carried out in order to make the pertinent dose adjustments. The need for this will arise, since the most effective therapeutic range of many drugs is still unknown; unnecessarily high concentrations with potential risks of producing toxicity in patients is something that must be avoided. With these factors in mind, the decision to compose this book for pediatric doctors as well as specialists in the health sector who are dedicated to childcare became apparent, with the hope of portraying an array of pharmacokinetic knowledge, based on new therapeutic strategies ensuing from information furnished by research. The authors are convinced that the consideration of these concepts would definitely permit the elaboration of optimum and specific treatment for each pediatric patients.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is one of the most important books in this area because it is devoted to special characteristics of an important antibiotic (Ciprofluoxacin). It presents the new ways to enhance the bioavailability of ciprofluoxacin in the human body to increase its efficacy in disease treatments, such as preparation of solid forms of ciprofluoxacin, including multi-component systems to overcome their biopharmaceutical restrictions in ciprofluoxacin with amino acids and polymers to improve solubility and/or permeabilty, and different cocrystals and salts such as hippuric, maleic, barbituric, 4-hydroxybenzoic, aspartic, glutamic, succinic, maleic, adipic, salicylic, lactic and phosphoric and metal complexes of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron (III), bismuth, copper, cadmium and cobalt, which are recognized as safe compounds. Furthermore, concerning ciprofloxacin-silica/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to deliver ciprofloxacin, besides their bactericidal efficacy, these systems are promising candidates for bone infection treatment in which the synthesis of silica with calcium phosphate in situ, which is a mineral present in large amounts in bone tissue, can offer interesting aspects to an improved biological activity of these materials. This book also describes the bacterial resistance of ciprofloxacin, usually mediated by mutations in bacterial enzymes (gyrA, gyrB), topoisomerase IV (par C and par E), as well as by an active flow along the lateral outer membrane protein modification and how to overcome them. This book also presents the methods to evaluate ciprofoxacin in real samples such as a regression model that can help predict and calculate the individual dose of ciprofloxacin for patients with foot infections and the fluorometric method by using lanthanide Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions as well as sensitive and selective detection of this drug in the wastewater, which is considered an important environmental assessment.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHaloperidol is the most common neuroleptic drugs associated with a range of side effects caused by interactions with other drugs. In The Pharmacological Guide to Haloperidol, the authors review cases that report common pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interactions of haloperidol in vivo. Next, this compilation investigates methods for the determination of haloperidol in body fluids such as blood, urine and cerebral spinal fluid. Several techniques discussed include magnetic resonance spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Also included is a description of haloperidol derivatives and their applications as antimicrobial agents, vasodilators and calcium channel blockers. Additionally, haloperidol derivatives that have potential applications for improving cardiac function and reducing oxidative stress are also addressed. The authors present some studies which use functional magnetic resonance imaging to study aspects of haloperidol on facial expressions. Emotion processing is often notable in neurodegenerative diseases such as schizophrenia and evaluated in cerebral blood flow response in diseased patients. The following chapter focuses on a literature analysis of the use of haloperidol, with studies indicating a potential limit for haloperidol efficacy; values above this limit dont appear to provid any supplementary clinical improvement. Lastly, the authors provide a review of studies that have used magnetic resonance imaging to monitor haloperidol in vivo. Applications of 1H and 19F MRI in drug monitoring are discussed and a list of relevant studies is presented.

Read more less

Book SynopsisGlutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous tripeptide (y-L-gluatamyl-Lcysteinyl-glycin) playing an important role in cellular redox homeostasis, defence against electrophilyc reactive species, and control of several cellular events, among others. Most of these cellular functions are related to its tiol (SH) function of the cysteine moiety. With increasing knowledge on the molecular basis of its cellular functions, use of GSH as a nutritional supplement is receiving increasing interest. The present book summarises the recent literature and new develeopments on three distinct, but closely related topics: Production, biochemical functions, implications and applications of glutathione. The topics cover comprehensive reviews on physico-chemical characterization, pharmacopoeal qualification, biotechnological production, surveys on different analytical methods for its quantitation, and the role of several physiological abnormalities (e.g., cardiac disfunctions, neurological disorders, kidney injuries and different types of cancer) related to non-appropriate biosynthesis and/or metabolism of endogeneous GSH. The information presented represents a valuable source for advanced students, scholars, teachers and scientists (academic and industrial) interested or already engaged in research that involves glutathione.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrontiers in Leukemia Pharmacotherapy provides a comprehensive overview of the various leukemic disorders found in both children and adults, with an emphasis on current and novel treatment approaches for the healthcare practitioner. By focusing on the unique therapeutic challenges of leukemia, this book aims to meet the diverse needs of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals with an interest in serving patients with leukemia. This comprehensive book is divided into nineteen chapters. Content includes information on specific leukemic disease states in both children and adults. Written by researchers and clinical practitioners, chapters cover a wide array of leukemic topics. Topics include understanding the molecular and genetic basis of acute and chronic leukemia, pharmacology of anti-leukemic agents including traditional chemotherapies, targeted immunotherapy, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, disease classification, clinical presentation, pathologic features, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment guidelines for myelodysplastic syndrome, promyelocytic leukemia, pediatric and adult acute and chronic leukemia are other topics covered in more detail. Other topics include: Redox homeostasis occurring in leukemia and the role of antioxidants, supportive care for the leukemic patient experiencing complications from chemotherapy, palliative care for termination of those with leukemia, pharmacometrics using computational modeling to support drug development in leukemia, and future agents that are in clinical trials in our fight against leukemia. Reputable books, journals, monograms, clinical trials, and other resources were used to provide up-to-date medical information useful to assist healthcare professionals in the management of leukemia. Frontiers in Leukemia Pharmacotherapy is an excellent resource for curious healthcare professionals involved in the care of leukemic disorders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPharmacology is the study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered drugs or pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. Pharmacology lies at the heart of biomedical science, linking together pharmaceutical chemistry, physiology, and pathology. Comprehensive MCQs in Pharmacology represents copious multiple choice questions, which can be used to assess essential pharmacology knowledge that equips pharmacists with exclusive perceptions and acumens in the provision of pharmaceutical care. It also provides a brief account of recent perspectives in drug research, as either a study or high-yield revision aid. This book is suitable for professionals, academicians, students, researchers, scientists and industrialists around the world in the fields of pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences. Furthermore, for pharmacy preregistration examination candidates and for practicing pharmacists, this book is a storehouse of knowledge. The organization of this book provided a profound knowledge and also maintains the reader's interest.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Pharmacological Guide to Montelukast opens by presenting the most recent updates on the improvement of montelukast stability and bioavailability, along with some innovative formulations produced by this research. Montelukast is a leukotriene modifier with bronchoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions frequently used in asthma management. As such, the authors go on to assess the impact of the addition of montelukast to ongoing asthma treatment in terms of improvement in clinical parameters, symptom control and quality of life. The closing chapter focuses on leukotrienes, formed by leukocytes, which are inflammatory mediators that play an active role in early and late-phase immune response. This group includes montelukast, zafirlukast and prankulast.Table of ContentsPrefaceMontelukast Encapsulation at the Micro, Nano and Molecular ScaleMontelukast as Add-On Therapy to Asthma Treatment Improves Symptom Control and Quality of LifeThe Efficacy of Montelukast in the Treatment of Allergic RhinitisIndex.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChronic hepatitis C infection (HCV) has been a global health burden since its discovery in 1989. This is the integrated reference book for all clinicians, researchers, and students dealing with HCV infection. Sofosbuvir is a backbone for the majority of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) combination regimens for all HCV Genotypes infected patients. This is the first book that offers a concise and up-to-date review on Sofosbuvir including pharmacological profile and difficult-to-treat-specific populations such as cirrhotic patients, HCV Co-infection (HIV and/or hepatitis B infection), renal impairment, renal and liver transplant, hepatocellular cancer, previous treatment failure, psychiatric illness, and substance abuse. The book also addresses evolving therapy, and future directions in the antiviral treatment of hepatitis C. Clinicians, residents, students, and physician assistants who like a prompt review of hepatitis C treatment and new developments in treatment for hepatitis C will receive the greatest advantage from this concise guide. Based on promising results from the previous and ongoing studies involving sofosbuvir; HCV will likely be the first chronic viral infection to be eradicated globally with combinations of DAA. The authors, editors, and publishers have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selections and dosage outlined in this text are per current recommendations for hepatitis C treatment and practice at the time of publication.Table of ContentsPrefacePharmacological Principles of SofosbuvirSofosbuvir in Non-Cirrhotic Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C InfectionInitial Management Options Involving Sofosbuvir in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection with Liver CirrhosisManagement of HCV Infection with Sofosbuvir-Based Regimens in Patients with Medical Co-MorbiditiesManagement of Patients Co-infected with HCV/HIV and HCV/HBVSofosbuvir Treatment of Hepatitis C in People with Psychiatric Illness and Substance Use DisordersSofosbuvir and Chronic Hepatitis C Treatment FailureIndex.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAlmost six decades after its discovery, metformin still remains the gold standard drug for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, owing to its euglycemic property and cost-effectiveness. It is the most commonly prescribed and utilised oral antidiabetic drug worldwide. However, no two persons with the same phenotypical characteristics, such as age, gender, body weight and others, tend to respond similarly to equivalent doses of metformin. As such, the book first focuses on the various genetic polymorphisms that influence the therapeutic effects of metformin. Physicochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic properties of metformin will also be reviewed. The side effects of this drug can be dangerous. Metformin-induced lactic acidosis is a lethal disorder. The first significant deviation is gastrointestinal tract involvement. Common infection or the effect of metformin itself causes vomiting and diarrhoea, with subsequent hypovolemia causing pre-renal acute kidney injury, which in turn raises metformin levels up to toxic values. Development of kidney failure is often unexpected and fast. Following this, the authors explore the differences between healthy and cancer cells and how this may influence the metformin effect on these cells. In conclusion, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of metformin in breast and ovarian cancers are summarised, and the potential anticancer applications of metformin-based combinatorial chemotherapy are discussed.Table of ContentsPreface; The Pharmacogenetics of Metformin; Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Metformin Hydrochloride; Metformin: Who Are Suitable Patients?; Metformin Effects in Cancer Models; The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin in Breast and Ovarian Cancer; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Pharmacological Guide to Phenytoin is a multi-authored text geared towards clinicians and pharmacists who will be prescribing and handling phenytoin or fosphenytoin. Each chapter in this book has been diligently written and peer reviewed by scholars in medical toxicology, pharmacology and emergency medicine. What makes this book special compared to others in this field is the level of detail and evidence-based literature supporting the text in each chapter. Each author has performed a rigorous investigation of all available literature in order to provide the most up-to-date information and recommendations in each chapter. We begin our journey in this book by delving into the history of phenytoin and fosphenytoin. After that, we establish guidelines for the administration, dosing and storage of the two drugs. These guidelines are supported by several previously published guidelines and landmark case reports. Majority of clinical trials focus on adults, and several studies utilize healthy, adult volunteers. Thus there is often scarce data on special populations such as pediatrics and patients with medical comorbidities. In the following chapter, we present how to manage phenytoin and fosphenytoin administration and toxicity in these populations. After pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics, we shift our focus to drug and food interactions. This chapter provides exquisite pharmacological detail on phenytoin and fosphenytoin, as well as their interactions with multiple xenobiotics. Having access to this knowledge will aid the clinician in the management of patients on these medications in various clinical scenarios, including multiple comorbidities, coingestants and environmental exposures. Discussing the toxicological profile of phenytoin and fosphenytoin is perhaps the most interesting section of this book. As with most available medical toxicology literature, given the paucity of randomized controlled trials, emphasis is placed on case reports. Finally, we discuss the diagnosis and management of phenytoin toxicity. The clinical manifestations of toxicity can mimic other medical emergencies, and with the knowledge and tools described clinicians can diagnose and treat their patients effectively. The authors and I hope you find the information presented in this book educational as well as helpful in your practice, thus promoting the highest level of care to our patients.Table of ContentsPreface; The History of Phenytoin; Clinical Indications, Dosing and Dosage Forms: Adults; Special Populations; Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics; Drug and Food Interactions; Toxicological Manifestations; Diagnosis and Treatment of Toxicity; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBenzimidazole: Preparation and Applications first defines the structure, physical and chemical properties of the benzimidazole compound class. Further conventional and alternative synthesis methods and important reactions of these compound derivatives are illustrated with examples. The authors provide an overview of benzimidazole-based synthetic medicine and their significant applications in treating various ailments. The chemical reactions of benzimidazole with other heterocyclic compounds/chemical reagents produce a lot of new substituted molecules, which have potential pharmaceutical applications. A literature review is presented focusing on the synthesis of chiral compounds and their subsequent applications as therapeutic compounds in order to better evaluate the results so far. Additionally, the authors discuss how nenzimidazole derivatives play a vital role in organic light emitting diodes as emissive materials, host materials, electron transport materials, hole blocking materials, etc., and have pharmaceutical applications such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-HIV and anticancer. Following this, this collection examines classes of potential chemosensors possessing benzimidazole moieties which are capable of both visual and optical estimation of target analytes over a broad concentration range and without interference of contemporary analytes. Important methodologies used for the synthesis of variedly substituted benzimidazoles are presented along with their multi-target therapeutic uses. The latest research on anti-tumor and antimicrobial benzimidazole compounds, as well as structure-activity correlations, drug design, clinical and preclinical studies is also presented. Benzimidazole-based polymers with various architecture and copolymers are discussed with a variation of properties such as mechanical, thermal stability, thermo-oxidative stability and enhanced performance. The penultimate chapter covers a critical analysis of the recent developments in benzimidazole framework research and the future scope of benzimidazole framework in ligand designing. In closing, the synthesis and biological properties of coordination compounds containing benzimidazole derivatives are presented and discussed.Table of ContentsPrefaceOverview of Benzimidazole Compound ClassChemistry and Medicinal Importance of BenzimidazoleChiral Benzimidazoles in Medicinal Chemistry: Syntheses and ApplicationsBenzimidazole Preparation and Applications: Benzimidazole Derivatives in Organic Light Emitting DeviceCharged Guest Stimulated Benzimidazole Based ChemosensorsMultifunctional Compounds: A New Journey of BenzimidazoleBenzimidazole Compounds with Anti-Tumor and Antibacterial ActivitiesSynthesis of Benzimidazole Based Polymeric Film for Application in Fuel CellSubstituted Benzimidazoles as Ligands: Recent Developments in Designing and ApplicationsBenzimidazole Derivatives: Chelating Properties Towards Transition Metals Ions and Their ApplicationsIndex.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Prescription Drug User Fee Act authorized the Food and Drug Administration to collect user fees from industry to support the approval of new drugs and biologics. The Prescription Drug User Fee Agreement has been a success bringing safe and effective new products to patients in a timely manner as reported in chapter 1. Chapter 2 provides an overview of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), including their operation, enforcement mechanisms, costs, and financing. It also examines the effectiveness of PDMPs and outlines federal grants supporting PDMPs. Finally, it discusses relevant considerations for policymakers including interstate data sharing, interoperability, protection of health information, and the possible link between the crackdown on prescription drug abuse and rise in heroin abuse. Chapter 3 examines federally recommended and other available methods patients may use to dispose of unused prescription opioids, and what is known about patients' use of these methods. Monitoring prescription drug use patterns at the population level can inform research and clinical practice. These patterns may shift over time in response to changing health needs, updated clinical guidelines, policy changes, and other factors. Chapters 4 and 5 examine statistics pertaining to drug use monitoring. Chapter 6 examines bill (H.R. 5675) to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to require prescription drug plan sponsors under the Medicare program to establish drug management programs for at-risk beneficiaries.Table of ContentsExamining FDAs Prescription Drug User Fee Program; Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (Updated); Prescription Opioids: Patient Options for Safe and Effective Disposal of Unused Opioids; Prescription Drug Use in the United States, 20152016; Prescription Drug Use Among Adults Aged 4079 in the United States and Canada; To Amend Title XVIII of the Social Security Act to Require Prescription Drug Plan Sponsors under the Medicare Program to Establish Drug Management Programs for at-Risk Beneficiaries; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a current review of the field of Trastuzumab pharmacology from a variety of chemical, biochemical, physiological, pharmacokinetical, pharmacodynamical, biophysical and medical perspectives. This book covers breast cancer treatment including current Trastuzumab therapy, radiation therapy and excision of tumors within the limits of healthy tissue. The text presents current knowledge and analysis of pertinent literature and knowledge. This book reports results from experimental models of HER2 oncogene overexpression and treatments which have been used in an effort to understand the relationship between HER2 and response to therapeutics. In this book the HER2 oncogene has been extensively discussed as a prognostic factor and as a predictor of response to chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. The book includes data regarding the expression of HER2 oncogene in lung cancer and response to trastuzumab alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. The interaction of HER2 with others drugs such as alkylating agents, platinum analogs and topoisomerase inhibitors, as well as additive interactions with taxanes, anthracyclines and some metabolites and antimetabolites are presented. Special cardiological supervision for patients with an increased risk of cardiotoxicity that have hypertension, ischemic heart disease, hypothyroidism or are heavy smokers during adjuvant trastuzumab therapy will also be reviewed.Table of ContentsPreface; Trastuzumab: Characteristics; Trastuzumab: Therapeutic Indications; Trastuzumab: Pharmacodynamic Properties; Trastuzumab: Pharmacokinetic Properties; Trastuzumab: Interaction with Other Medicinal Products; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book contains comprehensive and up-to-date reviews of multidrug resistance mechanisms. The book intends to provide a state-of-the-art collection of reviews and methods for both basic and clinician investigators who are interested in multidrug resistance mechanisms and reversal strategies. We believe that this information will be of value to clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, virologists, parasitologists, public health authorities, medical students, and fellows in training. Each chapter begins with a summary of the concepts, so that those not actively working in the field can readily gain an overall picture of what follows. The book contains 13 chapters which deal with the antibiotic resistance mechanism in bacteria, fungus, virus and also methicillin resistance S.aureus. The book also explains the futuristic strategy to deal with the antibiotic resistance. We have endeavoured to provide this information in a style that is accessible to the broad community of persons who are concerned with the impact of drug resistance in our clinics and across broader global communities.Table of ContentsPreface; History of Drug-Resistant Microbes; Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria; Infectious Pathogens, Pathogenesis, Antimicrobial Therapy, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Surveillance Measures; Fungal Resistance to Antibiotics; Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance in Bacterial Biofilm; Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): An Overview; Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Viral Drug Resistance; Strategies for Circumventing Antimicrobial Resistance; Metallic Nanoparticles in Tackling of Antimicrobial Resistance; Plant Antimicrobials: An Alternative for Overcoming Microbial Resistance; Algae: Novel Cell Factories for Antimicrobial Compounds to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance; Microbial Resistance: A Worldwide Public Health Problem; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIt has become apparent that pharmacy education needs to respond to professional and social changes and renew its mission in terms of students and learning objectives. As such, this compilation presents approaches for bridging the theory-practice gap. Following this, the authors focus on pharmacists' role in oncology, and the current challenges and perspectives of pharmacist in oncology settings. Oncology pharmacists contribute to the rational use of chemotherapy and supportive drugs by providing individual pharmaceutical care plans for patients. Challenges in pharmacy education and practice in the Middle East are discussed, and the authors elaborate on specific frameworks for different sectors of pharmacy. It is also proposed that developing the pharmacist's role as a major part of the medical team could provide patients with the highest outcomes at the lowest cost. The objective of the closing review is to make a proposal for the implementation of the analysis of ethical, organisational, legal, social, environmental and other domains, in the studies of the health technology assessment agencies.Table of ContentsPreface; Addressing the Gap between Pharmacy Education and Practice; Current Challenges and Perspectives of Pharmacist in Oncology Settings; Current Challenges and Perspectives of Pharmacy in Middle Eastern Countries; Pharmacists in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges and Perspectives; Synthesis of Relevant Information to Support Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for Pharmacist Decision-Making; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is a comprehensive reference manual. Its authors include seasoned practicing mental health professionals and doctoral psychology program faculty with over a century of combined clinical experience. The book provides a history of paroxetine's development, licensing, and application to a growing variety of diagnoses, including social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, perimenopausal hot flashes, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Paroxetine's unlabeled uses are also discussed, including impulse control disorders, eating disorders, vasomotor symptoms of menopause, obsessive-compulsive disorder in children, mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic individuals, treatment of premature ejaculation and diabetic neuropathy. The pharmacology of paroxetine is explored in detail, with attention to its chemical and physical properties, absorption, metabolism, mechanism of action, interactions with enzymes, genes, proteins, and other medications, anticholinergic effects, potential adverse effects, and counter-indications for use. Paroxetine's nonlinear pharmacokinetics are explained and discussed with application to specific populations and potential drug interactions. Special attention is given to considerations in the use of paroxetine with pediatric populations and older adults. There is detailed exploration of the use of human biological specimens to determine concentrations of paroxetine in bioanalytical applications, including forensic settings. Paroxetine's potential for novel future applications is discussed, including improving cardiac function following myocardial infarction, and the treatment of allodynia, colorectal cancer, Alzheimer's Disease, and Parkinson's Disease.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Pharmacology of Paroxetine; Use of Paroxetine with Pediatric Populations; Paroxetine Use with Older Adults; Paroxetine in Human Biological Specimens: A Review of Current Sample Pretreatment and Bioanalytical Approaches; Afterword; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn the monograph recognition of the receptors by drugs is described as a complex phenomenon that has not been yet entirely understood. The description of molecular structure information necessary to achieve specific receptor without getting lost among huge amounts of non-specific acceptors is present. Various examples of receptor'' binding features for narcotic analgetics, neuroleptics, tranquilisators, ligands of acetylcholine receptors. The three stages of drug interaction with acceptors are considered, namely, distant stage, stage of orientation of the molecule on the acceptor, stage of molecule fixation. Kinetics and thermodynamics of these stages as well as factors preventing drug binding to non-specific acceptors are described. Some considerations concerning methods of changing activity and selectivity of drugs are given. Literature information needed for analysis of molecular mechanisms of interactions between drugs and receptors is present.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDrug delivery is a term that refers to the delivery of a pharmaceutical compound to humans or animals. Most common methods of delivery include the preferred non-invasive oral (through the mouth), nasal, pneumonial (inhalation), and rectal routes. Many medications, however, can not be delivered using these routes because they might be susceptible to degradation or are not incorporated efficiently. For this reason many protein and peptide drugs have to be delivered by injection. For example, many immunisations are based on the delivery of protein drugs and are often done by injection. Current efforts in the area of drug delivery include the development of targeted delivery in which the drug is only active in the target area of the body (for example, in cancerous tissues) and sustained release formulations in which the drug is released over a period of time in a controlled manner from a formulation. This new book focuses on worldwide research on drug delivery and targeting at the molecular, cellular, and higher levels.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the safety efforts being implemented in paediatric drug development. Although children suffer from many of the same diseases as adults and are often treated with the same drugs, only about one-third of the drugs that are prescribed for children have been studied and labelled for paediatric use. This has placed children taking drugs for which there have not been adequate paediatric drug studies at risk of being exposed to ineffective treatment or receiving incorrect dosing. In order to encourage the study of more drugs for paediatric use, Congress passed the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) in 2002 to provide marketing incentives to drug manufacturers for conducting paediatric drug studies. Drug manufacturers may obtain six months of additional market exclusivity for drugs on which they have conducted paediatric studies in accordance with pertinent law and regulations. This book also evaluates the impact of BPCA on labelling drugs for paediatric use and the process by which the labelling was changed, and illustrates the range of diseases treated by the drugs studied under BPCA. Additionally this book provides guidance on the role and timing of animal studies in the non-clinical safety evaluation of therapeutics intended for the treatment of paediatric patients. The guidance discusses some conditions under which juvenile animals can be meaningful predictors of toxicity in paediatric patients and makes recommendations on non-clinical testing. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMultiple drug resistance is a condition enabling a disease-causing organism to resist distinct drugs or chemicals of a wide variety of structure and function targeted at eradicating the organism. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are an increasing problem world-wide. The interaction among several genetic host factors, distinctive anatomical and other features of the bacteria, and hygiene measures, play a paramount role in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. This important book gathers the latest research from around the world on multiple drug resistance and its clinical consequences.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDrug monitoring in clinical chemistry refers to the measurement of drug concentration in blood serum/plasma so that an optimal concentration is obtained to benefit patients with minimal toxic adverse effects. Drug delivery systems have been developed for enhancing the pharmacokinetic profile of any given active agent, increasing the accumulation at the target site, while minimising their systemic distribution. Magnetic colloids, for example, are very promising stimuli-sensitive drug delivery systems because of their magnetic-field responsiveness. This book describes the main synthesis strategies and surface functionalisation processes of magnetic colloids, giving an overview of the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting. The possibilities of very promising strategies for controlling the biodistribution profiles of chemotherapy agents are also investigated, including passive and active targeting strategies involving the use of drug carriers. Other chapters in this book examine the application of nanotechnology in pharmacotherapy, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDS), a mathematical modelling approach to testing drug effects on Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the recent developments in drug monitoring by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn the United States, most non-prescription drugs are available over-the-counter (OTC) in pharmacies and other stores. Experts have suggested that drug availability could be increased by establishing an additional class of non-prescription drugs that would be held behind the counter (BTC) but would require the intervention of a pharmacist before being dispensed; a similar class of drugs exists in many other countries. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not developed a detailed proposal for a BTC drug class, it held a public meeting to explore the public health implications of BTC drug availability. This book explores the public health benefits of behind the counter availability of certain drugs without a prescription. In particular, the debate whether behind the counter may improve patient access to safe and effective drug products is discussed. This book looks at the pharmacist, infrastructure, and cost-related issues which would have to be addressed before a BTC drug class could be established in the United States.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTo date, a number of clinically important drugs have been identified that interact with commonly-used herbs and thus herb-drug interactions have become a safety concern in the use of herbal medicines. These drugs include (amongst others) warfarin, midazolam, digoxin, amitriptyline, indinavir, cyclosporine, tacrolimus and irinotecan. Importantly, many of these drugs have very narrow therapeutic indices. Most of them are substrates for cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and/or P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Because drug-herb interactions can significantly affect circulating levels of drug and, hence, alter the clinical outcome, the identification of drugs that interact with commonly-used herbal medicines has important implications in drug development. In silico, in vitro, animal and human studies are often used to identify drug interactions with herbs. This book is of high scientific value because it highlights the relevance of mechanisms, models and maladies.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBiogenic amines are naturally occurring amines that are derived by enzymic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. They belong to a class of neurotransmitters including catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine), indolamine (serotonin), and imidazoleamine (histamine). Biogenic amines have great pharmacological and physiological importance. The main objective of this book is to present readers with comprehensive information on pharmacology, neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology of biogenic amine in the CNS of vertebrate and invertebrates in a single volume text. The book has been organised into chapters and sections to provide a better flow of information. Furthermore, this unique volume provides its readers with cutting edge information on biogenic amines. It can be used by graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, researchers, and scientists who work at the pharmaceutical industry as a handbook, which describes all aspects of biogenic amine metabolism.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisPhytochemicals are health-protecting compounds of plant origin. They provide flavour and colour to edible fruits, plants, herbs and beverages. Health protecting effects of phytochemicals are due to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and cellular repair properties. There has been considerable interest in defining biological activities of phytochemicals at the molecular level. The effects of phytochemicals can be conducive, additive, synergistic, and antagonistic. Through these properties, phytochemicals modulate cellular differentiation, proliferation, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. This book presents an integrated view on molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of phytochemicals action in acute and chronic humans.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAntimalarial drugs are medicines that prevent or treat malaria, a disease which takes a great toll on human health and well-being, particularly in tropical regions including Africa south of the Sahara, South and Southeast Asia, Oceania, and parts of the Americas. In recent years, strains of Plasmodium have become increasingly resistant to more antimalarial drugs and researchers have stepped up efforts to revise antimalarial drug policies and develop new antimalarial strategies. Resistance has arisen to all classes of antimalarial (chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) except, as yet, definitively to the artemisinin derivatives. In order to prevent widespread resistance, the concept of antimalarial combination therapy (CT) has been employed and a global resistance surveillance system (World Antimalarial Resistance Networks) has been established. This book explores the use of these drugs in current health care.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of pharmacology, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisCisplatin is a platinum-based anticancer drug and widely used for the treatment of human testicular, ovarian, bladder, cervical, head and neck, and small cell lung cancers. Its anticancer activity results from the modification of DNA through covalent cross-linkings or platinum (Pt)-DNA adducts. This book presents topical research in the study of the pharmacology, clinical uses and adverse effects of cisplatin therapy.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Center for Disease Control and Prevention has declared that the United States is in the midst of an epidemic of prescription drug overdose deaths, with deaths associated to prescription pain relievers of particular concern. To address this issue, federal agencies are raising awareness by educating prescribers and the general public. This book examines the recent national trends in prescription pain reliever abuse and misuse; describes how the federal agencies are educating prescribers; assesses the extent to which federal agencies follow key practices for developing public education efforts; and identifies educational efforts that use similar strategies and assesses how agencies coordinate those efforts.

Read more less