Pharmacology Books

Book SynopsisCould a little-known drug really revolutionize treatment for autoimmune diseases, cancer, depression, and more? “[LDN] raises hopes of reversing memory loss in old age.”—the Guardian Over 30,000 copies sold! Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN) holds the potential to help millions of people suffering from various autoimmune diseases and cancers, and even autism, chronic fatigue, and depression, find relief. Administered off-label in small daily doses (0.5 to 4.5 mg), this generic drug is extremely affordable and presents few known side effects. So why has it languished in relative medical obscurity? The LDN Book explains: The drug’s origins Its primary mechanism The latest research from practicing physicians and pharmacists Compiled by Linda Elsegood of The LDN Research Trust—the world’s largest LDN charity organization with over 19,000 members worldwide—the book features ten chapters contributed by medical professionals on LDN’s efficacy and two patient-friendly appendices. The LDN Book is a comprehensive resource for doctors, pharmacists, and patients who want to learn more about how LDN is helping people now, and a clarion call for further research that could help millions more.Trade Review“I first came across LDN several years ago when a medical colleague said I should look into its positive effects in patients with MS, Crohn’s disease, and other autoimmune disorders. I was so impressed with what I read that I helped submit a petition to the UK government to ask for funding for further research into this inexpensive drug. But, as with so many petitions, no progress was made. I hope The LDN Book—which presents up-to-date findings that again confirm the efficacy of this safe, cheap, generic drug in helping to control many chronic, disabling conditions—is read by those in the Department of Health and by all doctors caring for patients with autoimmune disease. In the UK, LDN has been stranded in limbo; maybe now the time has come for it to be accepted as a recognized therapy that could, at least, be tried on those suffering such long-term diseases of the immune system.”--Dr. Chris Steele, MBE, general practitioner; medical presenter on ITV’s This Morning“As a practicing physician who has used LDN as a cornerstone therapy for over fifteen years, I can say without equivocation that LDN is the most important and successful medicine I have ever used. I often joke that if not for LDN I couldn’t pay my mortgage; I’ve had so many new patients referred to me by someone whose life has improved dramatically through the use of LDN. And despite my knowledge and experience with LDN, I’ve learned a great deal from The LDN Book—aspects of its basic science I hadn’t known, new uses, and how its uses can inform us about the causes of various diseases. This is a wonderful book for any patient with an autoimmune disease, cancer, depression, or a host of other conditions and is a must-read for any physician whose goal is to help their patients.”--Dr. Thomas Cowan, author of The Fourfold Path to Healing and coauthor of The Nourishing Traditions Book of Baby & Child Care“Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN) was discovered by my husband and partner, Dr. Bernard Bihari. Incredibly informative and superbly written by various members of the medical profession sharing their experiences using this extraordinary drug, The LDN Book honors his legacy in helping patients suffering from autoimmune and other diseases to regain their health and their lives.”--Jacqueline Young

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Book SynopsisThe eighth edition of the Palliative Care Formulary (PCF), from Pharmaceutical Press, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society's knowledgebusiness, is an essential resource for health professionals who care for patients with progressive end-stage disease.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection I: Introduction and Basic Math Skills 1. Assessment of Mathematical Skills Needed in Health Occupations 2. Review of Basic Mathematical Skills Section II: Measurements Used in Health Care and Conversions between Measurement Systems 3. Conversion of Clinical Measurements of Numbers, Time and Temperature 4. Comparisons of Measurement Systems 5. Conversions between Measurement Systems Section III: Medication and Prescription Orders and Their Calculations 6. Interpretation of Medication Labels and Orders 7. Calculation of Solid Oral Doses and Dosages 8. Calculate Doses of Liquid Oral and Parenteral Medications 9. Reconstitution of Powders or Crystals into Liquid Medications Section IV: Special Medication Calculations 10. Calculation of Medications for Special Populations Based on Body Weight and Patient Age 11. Calculation of Medications Measured in Units, Milliequivalents and Percents of Concentration 12. Calculation of Medications for Intravenous Uses 13. Calculation of Mixtures from Stock Medications 14. Interpreting Physician's Orders for Dosages Section V: Business Math 15. Business Math for Pharmacy Technicians Appendices Answer Key (every third problem only) Bibliography Credits Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisAn easy-to-understand, up-to-date guide on the highly publicized drug, DMSO DMSO—dimethyl sulfoxide—is a simple by-product of wood and has been called a “miracle” drug, capable of relieving pain, diminishing swelling, reducing inflammation, encouraging healing, and restoring normal function. In this groundbreaking work, award-winning health science writer Dr. Morton Walker examines the powerful and compelling case for the use of DMSO in the treatment of many debilitating disease and health-related problems. In DMSO: Nature’s Healer, Dr. Walker cites documented cases of its astounding use in healing and prevention of a host of health disorders, including arthritis, stroke, cancer, mental retardation, and sports and auto injuries. He also recounts the dramatic story of the long struggle to gain FDA approval of DMSO.

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Book SynopsisMeet the doctors, scientists and patients patients fighting the world’s worst diseases ‘A must read.’ Siddhartha Mukherjee, bestselling author of The Emperor of All Maladies What does it take to create a new medicine? The trajectory from laboratory to your neighbourhood pharmacy rarely runs smooth. Drug hunting demands radical leaps of imagination, the expertise of many… and a hefty dollop of luck. Unsurprisingly, ‘eureka’ moments come few and far between - but, when they do, they change lives. Charting the discovery of eight revolutionary drugs, Dr William Pao cuts to the innovative heart of biomedical research and celebrates the tireless work of the scientists, doctors, patients and families fighting for better medical care. For each of these medicines, whether a potentially life-saving new treatment for cancer, or something as commonplace as paracetamol, there stands a cast of characters and a wealth of stories. Documenting these fascinating journeys, Breakthrough grants a privileged, behind-the-scenes look at the medicines that improve - and very often save - our lives. Foreword by Nobel Prize-Winner Harold Varmus *** ‘Utterly compelling.’ Dame Kate Bingham, author of The Long Shot ‘A celebration of medical innovation.’ Guardian ‘Captivating... An essential read.’ Art Levinson, former CEO of Genentech

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSECTION 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1. What is pharmacology? 2. How drugs act: general principles 3. How drugs act: molecular aspects 4. How drugs act: cellular aspects - excitation, contraction and secretion 5. How drugs act: Biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy 6. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, repair and regeneration 7. Cellular mechanisms: host defence 8. Method and measurement in pharmacology 9. Absorption and distribution of drugs 10. Drug metabolism and elimination 11. Pharmacokinetics 12. Individual variation, pharmacogenomics and personalised medicine SECTION 2 CHEMICAL MEDIATORS 13. Chemical mediators and the autonomic nervous system 14. Cholinergic transmission 15. Noradrenergic transmission 16. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and purines 17. Local hormones: histamine, lipids, peptides and proteins 18. Cannabinoids 19. Nitric oxide and related mediators SECTION 3 DRUGS AFFECTING MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS 20. The heart 21. The vascular system 22. Atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism 23. Haemostasis and thrombosis 24. Haemopoietic system and treatment of anaemia 25. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs 26. Skin 27. Eye 28. Respiratory system 29. The kidney and urinary system 30. The gastrointestinal tract 31. The control of blood glucose and drug treatment of diabetes mellitus 32. Obesity 33. The pituitary and the adrenal cortex 34. Thyroid 35. The reproductive system 36. Bone metabolism SECTION 4 NERVOUS SYSTEM 37. Chemical transmission and drug action in the central nervous system 38. Amino acid transmitters 39. Other transmitters and modulators 40. Neurodegenerative diseases 41. General anaesthetic agents 42. Headache 43. Analgesic drugs 44. Local anaesthetics and other drugs affecting sodium channels 45. Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs 46. Antiepileptic drugs 47. Antipsychotic drugs 48. Antidepressant drugs 49. Psychoactive drugs 50. Drug use and addiction SECTION 5 DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS AND CANCER 51. Basic principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy 52. Antibacterial drugs 53. Antiviral drugs 54. Antifungal drugs 55. Antiprotozoal drugs 56. Antihelminthic drugs 57. Anticancer drugs SECTION 6 SPECIAL TOPICS 58. Harmful effects of drugs 59. Lifestyle drugs and drugs in sport 60. Drug discovery and development Index

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Book SynopsisIntroducing Palliative Care is the ideal introductory text for training students in medicine and qualified healthcare professionals in the area of palliative care. The sixth edition has been fully revised in line with current practice and the latest edition of the Palliative Care Formulary (PCF7).

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Book SynopsisThis new edition was recognized as a highly commended title by the British Medical Association at the 2017 BMA Medical Book Awards . Regarded by both students and instructors, Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy, 4th Edition , offers an integrated mechanism-based and systems-based approach to contemporary pharmacology and drug development. An easy-to-follow format helps first- and second-year students grasp challenging concepts quickly and efficiently. Each chapter presents a clinical vignette illustrating a therapeutic problem within a physiologic or biochemical system; followed by a discussion of the biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology of the system; and concluding with a presentation of the pharmacology of the drugs and drug classes that activate or inhibit the system by interacting with specific molecular and cellular targets. Chapters are integrated into sections that focus on organ systems and therapeutic areas of hi

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Book SynopsisDrugs in Use: Case Studies for Pharmacists and Prescribers helps you to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge about medicines and the practical application to your patients. The sixth edition of this popular text has been extensively revised to ensure that a primary care focus is included whenever possible, in order to reflect the fact that drug management of chronic conditions increasingly takes place in primary care, and that this is an expanding role for pharmacists working in GP surgeries. There are new chapters on atrial fibrillation, chronic asthma, general surgery, sepsis, deprescribing and supporting adherence.

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Book SynopsisLong established as the preeminent source in its field, the eagerly anticipated fifth edition of Dr Stahl''s essential textbook of psychopharmacology is here! With its use of icons and figures that form Dr Stahl''s unique ''visual language'', the book is the single most readable source of information on disease and drug mechanisms for all students and mental health professionals seeking to understand and utilize current therapeutics, and to anticipate the future for novel medications. Every aspect of the book has been updated, with the clarity of explanation that only Dr Stahl can bring. The new edition includes over 500 new or refreshed figures, an intuitive color scheme, fourteen new uses for older drugs and eighteen brand new drugs, coverage of Parkinson''s Disease Psychosis, behavioural symptoms of dementia, and mixed features in major depressive episodes, and expanded information on the medical uses of cannabis and hallucinogen assisted psychotherapy.Trade Review'The opportunity to review and comment on Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology, 5th edition, is truly a pleasure. The depth and comprehension of this edition reads like a fresh view of everything we would want to know in the area of psychopharmacology, including the integration of basic and clinical neuroscience information. The clarity as a teaching tool for any level of education and sophistication is remarkable, just as is the ease of reading and enjoying the unique set of figures and tables. The book represents a departure from the usual fare that we are offered as we delve into the mysteries of our body. In short, this 5th edition is not a simple reworking of earlier editions but really a brand new view. It represents a model for the way that we should cover other areas of neuroscience.' Ellen Frank, Ph.D., Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine'Can you improve on a classic psychopharmacology textbook? Yes! Updated, restyled, and with enhanced illustrations, this 5th edition of Stephen Stahl's 'must have' text is comprehensive, readable, and beautifully presented.' David Castle, M.D., FRANZCP, FRCPsych, Scientific Director, Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and Professor, University of Toronto'This new edition of a classical textbook is superb. Unlike most other volumes on psychopharmacology, it is organized around biological mechanisms, and uses that framework to review the latest research. Another unique feature is its use of wonderfully reader-friendly illustrations, bringing to life many pathways that would otherwise be difficult for the non-specialist to understand.' Joel Paris, M.D., Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, McGill University and Author of Nature and Nurture in Mental Disorders: A Gene-Environment Model'Psychopharmacology has always benefitted from a virtuous cycle of science informing clinical practice and clinical questions driving the science, an approach now often called 'Translational Medicine'. However, this approach does present challenges for those who wish to learn about or keep up with such a diverse, rich, and rapidly evolving knowledge base. Essential Psychopharmacology admirably meets these needs covering all relevant fields of Psychopharmacology in an expertly informed and accessible way. Previous editions have established Essential Psychopharmacology as a vital introductory and reference text for the students and practitioners of psychopharmacology and for all scientists with an interest in the field. The latest edition follows its predecessors and will undoubtedly be a vital resource for all those interested in this fascinating discipline.' Allan Young, Chair of Mood Disorders, Director of the Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London'This book is a must for anyone who would like to dive into psychotropics and get a state-of-the-art knowledge in a clear, elegant, and accessible platform. Professor Stahl has managed to provide simple, yet accurate, cutting-edge concepts using creative and innovative graphics and design. In this regard, it's presenting the perfect marriage of contemporary neuroscience knowledge with outstanding accessibility. I found this book extremely useful for well-informed clinicians as well as colleagues who are starting to practice psychiatry and recommend it as an essential addition for all mental health professionals as well as for general practitioners with interest in psychiatry.' Joseph Zohar, Director of Psychiatry and the Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Clinic at the Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel and Professor of Psychiatry at Tel Aviv University, Israel'Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology is without a doubt the leading textbook on the neuroscientific basis of psychopharmacology. This 5th edition is extensively revised and updated to incorporate the latest advances in neuroscience relevant to psychopharmacology. Dr. Stahl has distilled the latest advances in neuroscience to fully revamp this edition. Dr. Stahl's talent is to make complex ideas deceptively easy to grasp. This is no small feat. He does it with pithy explanations, clear diagrams, and memorable analogies. There are many textbooks in the field, but this stands out in the clarity of explanation and cutting-edge neuroscience. True to its name, it is essential reading for psychiatrists, primary care physicians, students, and other professionals treating patients with mental illnesses. It will also be useful for trainees and neuroscientists. In short, Dr. Stahl does it again!' Oliver Howes, MRCPsych, Ph.D., DM, Professor of Molecular Psychiatry, King's College London and Imperial College London'Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology has lived up to its name as 'essential' reading for generations of psychiatrists and other professionals involved in the prescription of psychotropic medication at various levels of skill. The current edition is even more remarkable than its predecessors for its ability to provide useful and indeed essential information at multiple levels of expertise. It is remarkable that something as readable and as approachable at a very basic level can still be incredibly informative to even the most experienced and expert psychopharmacologists. This edition has done what I thought would be impossible in significantly improving on past editions and in producing something that is even more readable and informative to people with a vast range of experience.' Richard J. Porter, Professor of Psychiatry, Head of the Department Psychological Medicine and Director of the Mental Health Clinical Research Unit, University of Otago'Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology, 5th edition, is truly the preeminent textbook on the pharmacology of psychotropic drugs. It is comprehensive but very readable to both students and practitioners alike. Dr. Stahl is not only an excellent scientist but also a superb educator, providing a deep understanding of both disease states and drug mechanisms. His unique combination of visual and verbal material makes even the most complex topics approachable. This 5th edition has been extensively revised with hundreds of new or revised figures, information on 18 new medications, and dozens of other additions or changes. Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology will remain the only pharmacology textbook I recommend to my trainees.' Richard C. Shelton, Charles Byron Ireland Professor, Director, UAB Depression and Suicide Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Neurobiology, Director of Research, UAB Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham'Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology is a classic in the field, which is unique in providing not only excellent teaching about mechanisms of drug action through the use of attractive and innovative icons but also a sense of the actual clinical experience of tailoring therapeutic drug choices to psychiatric symptom profiles.' Trevor W. Robbins, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Cambridge'Steve Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology is a classic, used by clinicians, students, and researchers throughout the world. For clinicians it's practical, for students it's clear, and for researchers it's innovative. Stahl is an experienced clinician, and his text is filled with useful pearls. Stahl is an expert on the principles of medical education; these inform the text and figures, and contribute to their extraordinary impact. Finally, Stahl is a creative researcher, and his framework for thinking about psychiatric medications provides the field with an innovative approach. The 5th edition of the volume is timely, given ongoing work in the field, and has been thoroughly updated to reflect recent advances.' Dan Stein, Professor and Head of the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health at the University of Cape Town'Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology, 5th edition, is a masterpiece of impeccable scholarship and the art of education. Signature to Dr. Stahl is this book's tremendous expanse of knowledge that provides not only the science but also clarity in understanding complex concepts of psychiatric psychopharmacology. Dr. Stahl has demonstrated yet again that he is the 'people's educator.'' Roger S. McIntyre, M.D., FRCPC, Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Canada Head, Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit and Chairman and Executive Director, Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), Toronto, Canada'Since its inception, Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology has been a real treasure for those learning and teaching psychopharmacology and the neuroscience of mental disorders. As a clinician and medical teacher I have used and warmly recommended each of the four earlier editions. However, this new 5th edition is the best yet and resets the bar again for textbooks in this field. It has been extensively revised and brought completely up-to-date throughout and covers the entire field comprehensively while retaining the clarity and ease of learning it is famous for. It has been impressively updated with a new color scheme and a wealth of new figures and captions, so that the book is not only comprehensive and right up-to-date but is also a real pleasure to read and learn from.' Peter S. Talbot, M.D., FRCPsych, Consultant Psychiatrist & Honorary Senior Lecturer, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester'The truth is that this book has a secret: it is obviously a book on pharmacology, but it hides a second one, a book on neuroscience-based psychopathology. Going back from the receptors to the psychopathological dimensions of the disorders Stahl has his own personal style, starting with his use of the 'incipit': here he makes it clear what he is going to explain to you, and where you have to focus your attention. Concentrate! Then Steve Stahl gives you picture of the determined domain: this time animated in sequences to make you figure concretely the matter of psychopharmacology. At the end, just to make sure that you really grasped the concepts, he repeats everything in a convenient summary, which is very useful to consolidate the knowledge.' Stefano Pallanti, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Director of the Institute for Neurosciences, Florence, ItalyTable of ContentsPreface to the Fifth Edition; CME Information; 1. Chemical Neurotransmission; 2. Transporters, Receptors and Enzymes as Targets of Psychopharmacological Drug Action; 3. Ion Channels as Targets of Psychopharmacological Drug Action; 4. Psychosis, Schizophrenia and the Neurotransmitter Networks Dopamine, Serotonin and Glutamate; 5. Targeting Dopamine and Serotonin Receptors for Psychosis, Mood and Beyond: So-Called 'Antipsychotics'; 6. Mood Disorders and the Neurotransmitter Networks Norepinephrine and Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (Gaba); 7. Treatments for Mood Disorders: So-Called 'Antidepressants' and 'Mood Stabilizers'; 8. Anxiety, Trauma and Treatment; 9. Chronic Pain and its Treatment; 10. Disorders of Sleep and Wakefulness and their Treatment: Neurotransmitter Networks for Histamine and Orexin; 11. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and its Treatment; 12. Dementia: Causes, Symptomatic Treatments and the Neurotransmitter Network Acetylcholine; 13. Impulsivity, Compulsivity and Addiction; Suggested Reading and Selected References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis unique textbook provides an introductory, yet comprehensive overview of the pharmaceutical sciences. It is the first text of its kind to pursue an interdisciplinary approach. Readers are introduced to basic concepts related to the specific disciplines in the pharmaceutical sciences, including pharmacology, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, and medicinal chemistry. In an easy-to-read writing style, the book provides readers with up-to-date information on pharmacogenomics and includes comprehensive coverage of industrial drug development and regulatory approval processes. Each chapter includes critical-thinking exercises, as well as numerous figures, tables, and graphs. Many chapters contain review questions, practice problems, and cases. More than 160 illustrations complement the text.

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Book SynopsisThe complete home reference to more than 3000 drugs used to treat most major conditions.From how drugs work to practical advice on the uses, side effects, and risks associated with different prescription medicines and over-the-counter drugs, this medicine book explains it all.Inside the pages of Concise Guide to Medicine & Drugs, you''ll find:- Drugs are organised clearly in an A-Z format, with principal drugs groups arranged by body system or disease group- Text-only section on how major drug groups work on the body- Updated Drug Finder index that lists 3,000 generic and brand-name drugs available in the UKClear, concise and jargon-free, this book about medicine offers essential guidance for anyone taking medication and is an ideal quick-reference guide for healthcare professionals and carers. It is also great for anyone wanting to know more about the drugs used in common medical practice.You''ll discover what to do if a

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Book SynopsisBuilding on the previous edition with contributions from internationally renowned experts this book provides a fully comprehensive resource for managing the post emergency/treatment stage of acute poisoning. Chapters incorporate evidence-based paradigms with up-to-date citations from the original medical literature. Topic areas covered include: diagnosis and management of the critically poisoned patient, including pediatric patients and poisoning in pregnancy; toxic syndromes including hepatotoxic and pulmonary syndromes as well as poisonings from medications, drugs of abuse, chemical and biological agents. This book is an essential resource for Clinical Toxicologists, Intensivists and Emergency Medicine specialists in training and in practice.Trade Review“This is a valuable addition to the archives of clinical toxicology and will undoubtedly become the standard for the profession. … I highly recommend this book as a necessary addition to the professional library of every medical student and resident with an interest in clinical toxicology as well as practitioners at all levels (nurses, fellows, residents, and attending level physicians) of critical care, intensive care, emergency medicine, and clinical and medical toxicology.” (Michael I. Greenberg, Clinical Toxicology, Vol. 56 (3), December, 2017)Table of Contents4-Dimethylaminophenol.- Acetaminophen (Paracetamol).- Beta Receptor Antagonists.- Cardiac Conduction and Rate Disturbances.- Digitalis Glycosides.- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Poisoned Patient.- Fumigants.- Gyromitra Mushrooms.- Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons.- Irritant and Toxic Respiratory Injuries.- Lipid Resuscitation Therapy.- Marine Vertebrates, Cnidarians and Mollusks.- Nerve Agents.- Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides.- Phosphine and Metal Phosphide.- Rifampin, Dapsone, and Vancomycin.- Salicylates.- Thallium.- Unithiol (DMPS).- Valproic Acid.- Widow and Related Lactrodectus Spiders.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Pharmaceutical Calculations is an essential study aid for pharmacy students. The book contains worked examples and sample questions and answers.Table of Contents1 Introduction; 2 Rational Numbers; 3 Systems of Units; 4 Concentrations; 5 Dilutions; 6 Formulations; 7 Calculation of Doses; 8 Doses in Children; 9 Density, Displacement Volumes and Displacement Values; 10 Calculations Involving Molecular Weights; 11 Parenteral Solutions and Isotonicity; 12 Accuracy of Measurement; 13 Calculations Involving Information Retrieval.

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Book SynopsisAlthough benzodiazepines are among the most commonly prescribed medications, owing to their roles in multiple areas of therapeutic action as anxiolytics, sedative hypnotics, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants, they are also highly addictive. Long-term use can lead to dependency, rebound anxiety, memory impairment and withdrawal. In this book, the authors discuss the abuse and therapeutic uses, pharmacology and health effects of benzodiazepine. Topics include the effects of benzodiazepine during prolonged administration and under conditions of stress; anxiolytic-like effect and excessive side actions produced by benzodiazepines in the elderly; risk factors for benzodiazepine dependence in women with major depression or anxiety disorders; flumazenil slow-infusion in the treatment of high dose benzodiazepine dependence; benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome; and encephalopathies related to exogenous or endogenous benzodiazepines.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of abbreviations Introduction The top 100 drugs listed by system The top 100 drugs listed by indication The top 100 drugs (alphabetical listing) 5a-reductase inhibitors a-blockers Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine) Activated charcoal Adenosine Adrenaline (epinephrine) Aldosterone antagonists Alginates and antacids Allopurinol Aminoglycosides Aminosalicylates Amiodarone Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers Antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Antidepressants, tricyclics and related drugs Antidepressants, venlafaxine and mirtazapine Antiemetics, dopamine D2-receptor antagonists Antiemetics, histamine H1-receptor antagonists Antiemetics, serotonin 5-HT3-receptor antagonists Antifungal drugs Antihistamines (H1-receptor antagonists) Antimotility drugs Antimuscarinics, bronchodilators Antimuscarinics, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal uses Antimuscarinics, genitourinary uses Antipsychotics, first-generation (typical) Antipsychotics, second-generation (atypical) Antiviral drugs Antiplatelet drugs, ADP-receptor antagonists Antiplatelet drugs, aspirin Azathioprine ß-blockers ß2-agonists Benzodiazepines Bisphosphonates Calcium and vitamin D Calcium channel blockers Carbamazepine Cephalosporins and carbapenems Chloramphenicol Corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), inhaled Corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), systemic Corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), topical Digoxin Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors Direct oral anticoagulants Diuretics, loop Diuretics, thiazide and thiazide-like Dopaminergic drugs for Parkinson's disease Emollients Fibrinolytic drugs Gabapentin and pregabalin H2-receptor antagonists Heparins and fondaparinux Insulin Iron Lamotrigine Laxatives, osmotic Laxatives, stimulant Leukotriene receptor antagonists Levetiracetam Lidocaine Macrolides Metformin Methotrexate Metronidazole Naloxone Nicotine replacement and related drugs Nitrates Nitrofurantoin Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs Ocular lubricants (artificial tears) Oestrogens and progestogens Opioids, strong Opioids, weak/moderate Oxygen Paracetamol Penicillins Penicillins, antipseudomonal Penicillins, broad-spectrum Penicillins, penicillinase-resistant Phosphodiesterase (type 5) inhibitors Prostaglandin analogue eye drops Proton pump inhibitors Quinine Quinolones Serotonin 5-HT1-receptor agonists Sex hormone antagonists for breast cancer Statins Sulphonylureas Tetracyclines Thyroid hormones Trimethoprim Valproate (valproic acid) Vancomycin Vitamins Warfarin Z-drugs Fluids Colloids (plasma substitutes) Compound sodium lactate (Hartmann's solution) Glucose (dextrose) Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Self-assessment and knowledge integration 100 single best-answer questions Answers and explanations Index

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Book SynopsisUpdated and expanded second edition covers all aspects of capsule technology, including history, standards, methods and equipment used in manufacture, filling, printing, weighing, cleaning and inspecting of both hard and soft capsules.Trade Review"The Pharmaceutical Press continues to publish useful monographs on topics of interest. As one would expect, the second edition of Pharmaceutical Capsules is effectively a complete primer containing chapters that cover practically every aspect of hard-shell capsule formulation." Harry G. Brittain. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 14:131, 2009 -- Harry G. Brittain * Pharmaceutical Development and Technology *Table of Contents1. The History of the Medicinal Capsule; 2. Gelatin: Manufacture and Physico-chemical Properties; 3. Gelatin Alternatives and Additives; 4. The Manufacture and Properties of Two-piece Hard Capsules; 5. Powder, Granule and Pellet Properties for Filling of Two-piece Hard Capsules; 6. Dry Filling of Hard Capsules; 7. Instrumented Capsule Filling Machines and Simulators; 8. Capsule Processing and Packing; 9. Filling of Liquids and Semi-solids Into Two-piece Hard Capsules; 10. Technology to Manufacture Soft Capsules; 11. Formulation and Physical Properties of Soft Capsules; 12. Drug Release From Capsules; 13. Capsule Standards.

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Book SynopsisThe development of new drugs is very complex, costly and risky. Its success is highly dependent on an intense collaboration and interaction between many departments within the drug development organization, external investigators and service providers, in constant dialogue with regulatory authorities, payers, academic experts, clinicians and patient organizations. Within the different phases of the drug life cycle, drug development is by far the most crucial part for the initial and continued success of a drug on the market. This book offers an introduction to the field of drug development with a clear overview of the different processes that lead to a successful new medicine and of the regulatory pathways that are used to launch a new drug that are both safe and efficacious. This is the most comprehensive and detailed book on drug development I have ever read and I feel that it is likely to become a staple of drug development courses, such as those taught at Masters LTable of ContentsSeries Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgement xiii Abbreviations xv Introduction xxi 1 Drug Life Cycle 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Drivers of the search for a new drug 2 1.3 Structure of a drug life cycle 5 1.4 Costs and risks of drug research and development 6 1.5 Risk of drug R&D 7 1.6 Value for patient and society 9 1.7 The end of a drug’s life 9 1.8 Management 10 References 10 2 Drug Discovery and Design 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Approaches in drug discovery 14 2.3 The drug discovery process 17 References 21 3 Drug Development: General Aspects 23 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 The objective of drug development 23 3.3 Drug development organisations and teams 24 3.4 Drug development streams 27 3.5 Phases in drug development 36 3.6 Regulatory environment 44 3.7 Quality management 58 3.8 Project risk management 75 3.9 Ethical considerations 79 References 88 4 Methods and Techniques Used in Drug Development 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Chemical and pharmaceutical development 91 4.3 Non-clinical development 106 4.4 Clinical development 139 References 166 5 The Early Development of a New Drug 169 5.1 Introduction 169 5.2 Preclinical phase 170 5.3 Clinical phase 200 References 251 6 The Late Development of a New Drug 253 6.1 Introduction 253 6.2 Pre-approval development 254 6.3 Marketing authorisation 316 6.4 Post-approval development 328 References 347 7 Special Drug Developments 351 7.1 Introduction 351 7.2 Development of orphan drugs 351 7.3 Paediatric drug development 354 7.4 Geriatric drug development 356 7.5 Development of fixed-dose drug combinations 358 7.6 Other special drug developments 360 References 360 8 Drug Commercialisation 361 8.1 Introduction 361 8.2 Market access 363 8.3 Pharmaceutical marketing 370 8.4 Independent drug information 382 8.5 Rational use of medicines 383 References 384 Epilogue 387 Index 391

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Book SynopsisProvides an introduction to the chemistry of therapeutically active compounds. This title reviews the structures and nomenclature of the more common classes of naturally occurring compounds found in biological organisms. An overview of medicinal chemistry is followed by chapters covering the discovery and design of drugs.Trade Review"... it would be of great value to beginning graduate students in medicinal chemistry... it should be included in any practicing chemist's personal library." (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, July 29, 2004) "Thomas presents the fundamentals of medicinal chemistry in a clear, concise, and descriptive fashion." (Choice, June 2004, Vol. 41 No. 10) "... provides a concise introduction to the chemistry of therapeutically active compounds, written in a readable and accessible style..." (www.organische-chemie.ch, 19/01/2004) "... well laid out, with an attractive typeface." (Chemistry and Industry, 6th September 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Abbreviations/Acronyms. 1. Biological Molecules. 2. An Introduction to Drugs and Their Action. 3. An Introduction to Drug Discovery. 4. The SAR and QSAR Approaches to Drug Design. 5. Computer Aided Drug Design. 6. Combinatorial Chemistry. 7. Selected Examples of Drug Action at some Common Target Areas. 8. Pharmacokinetics. 9. Drug Metabolism. 10. An Introduction to Lead and Analogue Syntheses. 11. Drug Development and Production. Appendix 1. Sickle-cell Anaemia. Appendix 2. Bacteria. Appendix 3. Cell Membranes. Appendix 4. Receptors. Appendix 5. Transfer through Membranes. Appendix 6. Regression Analysis. Appendix 7. Enzymes. Answers to Questions. Selected Further Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisâœThe core of information that the clinician should possessâ -- From the PrefaceDoody's Core Titles for 2021!Like its highly acclaimed predecessors, the Fifth Edition of this classic effectively integrates the essentials of renal and electrolyte physiology with the common clinical disorders of acid-base and electrolyte balance.FEATURES:*An easy-to-read writing style that demystifies this difficult subject*Basic science coverage of water and electrolyte physiology, renal physiology, and regulation of water and electrolyte balance*Clinical chapters that quickly guide you through key points of etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of common disorders*Crystal clear figures and handy tables that summarize key information*End-of-chapter problems that test mastery of the materialNEW IN THIS EDITION:*New sections on endothelin and nitric oxide*State-of-the-art information on the properties of the cTable of ContentsPart One: Renal Physiology. Chapter 1: Introduction to Renal Function. Chapter 2: Renal Circulation and Glomerular Filtration Rate. Chapter 3: Proximal Tubule. Chapter 4: Loop of Henle and the Countercurrent Mechanism. Chapter 5: Functions of the Distal Nephron. Chapter 6: Effects of Hormones on Renal Function. Part Two: Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balance. Chapter 7: The Total Body Water and the Plasma Sodium Concentration. Chapter 8: Regulation of the Effective Circulating Volume. Chapter 9: Regulation of Plasma Osmolality. Chapter 10: Acid-Base Physiology. Chapter 11: Regulation of Acid-Base Balance. Chapter 12: Potassium Homeostasis. Part Three: Physiologic Approach to Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders. Chapter 13: Meaning and Application of Urine Chemistries. Chapter 14: Hypovolemic States. Chapter 15: Clinical Use of Diuretics. Chapter 16: Edematous States. Chapter 17: Introduction to Simple and Mixed Acid-Base Disorders. Chapter 18: Metabolic Alkalosis. Chapter 19: Metabolic Acidosis. Chapter 20: Respiratory Acidosis. Chapter 21: Respiratory Alkalosis. Chapter 22: Introduction to Disorders of Osmolality. Chapter 23: Hypoosmolal States - Hyponatremia. Chapter 24: Hyperosmolal States - Hyponatremia. Chapter 25: Hyperosmolal States - Hyperglycemia Chapter 26: Introduction to Disorders of Potassium Balance. Chapter 27: Hypokalemia. Chapter 28: Hyperkalemia. Chapter 29: Answers to the Problems. Chapter 30: Summary of Equations and Formulas.

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Book SynopsisProvides an introduction to the rapidly expanding field of molecular pharmacology. Adopting a drug target-based, rather than the traditional organ/system based approach, this book reflects the advances and research trend towards molecular based drug design, derived from a detailed understanding of chemical responses in the body.Trade Review“Overall, it could be the basis of an excellent course for junior pharmacologists in basic science research who need a greater focus on the mechanisms of drug action rather than an encyclopedic survey of clinical drug use.” (Doody’s, 26 July 2013)Table of ContentsPreface ix Abbreviations x 1 Introduction to Drug Targets and Molecular Pharmacology 1 1.1 Introduction to molecular pharmacology 1 1.2 Scope of this textbook 2 1.3 The nature of drug targets 3 1.4 Future drug targets 7 1.5 Molecular pharmacology and drug discovery 11 References 12 2 Molecular Cloning of Drug Targets 13 2.1 Introduction to molecular cloning – from DNA to drug discovery 13 2.2 ‘Traditional’ pharmacology 14 2.3 The relevance of recombinant DNA technology to pharmacology/drug discovery 14 2.4 The ‘cloning’ of drug targets 15 2.5 What information can DNA cloning provide? 20 2.6 Comparing the pharmacologic profile of the ‘cloned’ and the ‘native’ drug target 23 2.7 Reverse pharmacology illustrated on orphan GPCRs 24 2.8 Summary 27 References 27 3 G Protein-coupled Receptors 31 3.1 Introduction to G protein-coupled receptors 31 3.2 Heterotrimeric G-proteins 36 3.3 Signal transduction pathways 40 3.4 Desensitisation and down-regulation of GPCR signalling 44 3.5 Constitutive GPCR activity 45 3.6 Promiscuous G-protein coupling 47 3.7 Agonist-directed signalling 48 3.8 Allosteric modulators of GPCR function 49 3.9 Pharmacological chaperones for GPCRs 50 3.10 GPCR dimerisation 51 3.11 GPCR splice variants 63 3.12 Summary 67 References 67 Useful Web sites 70 4 Ion Channels 71 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Voltage-gated ion channels 73 4.3 Other types of voltage-gated ion channels 89 4.4 Ligand-gated ion channels 109 4.5 Summary 125 References 125 5 Transporter Proteins 129 5.1 Introduction 129 5.2 Classification 129 5.3 Structural analysis of transporters 132 5.4 Transporter families of pharmacological interest 133 5.5 Transporters and cellular homeostasis 167 5.6 Summary 169 References 169 6 Cystic Fibrosis: Alternative Approaches to the Treatment of a Genetic Disease 175 6.1 Introduction 175 6.2 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator 179 6.3 Mutations in CFTR 183 6.4 Why is cystic fibrosis so common? 184 6.5 Animal models of Cystic fibrosis 186 6.6 Pharmacotherapy 186 6.7 Gene therapy 191 6.8 Conclusion 195 References 196 7 Pharmacogenomics 201 7.1 Types of genetic variation in the human genome 201 7.2 Thiopurine S-methyltransferase and K+ channel polymorphisms 202 7.3 Polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism 204 7.4 Methods for detecting genetic polymorphisms 209 7.5 Genetic variation in drug transporters 211 7.6 Genetic variation in G protein coupled receptors 215 7.7 Summary 225 References 225 Useful Web sites 226 8 Transcription Factors and Gene Expression 227 8.1 Control of gene expression 227 8.2 Transcription factors 229 8.3 CREB 233 8.4 Nuclear receptors 238 8.5 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors 240 8.6 Growth factors 247 8.7 Alternative splicing 247 8.8 RNA editing 251 8.9 The importance of non-coding RNAs in gene expression 257 8.10 Summary 270 References 271 9 Cellular Calcium 277 9.1 Introduction 277 9.2 Measurement of calcium 278 9.3 The exocrine pancreas 289 9.4 Calcium signalling in pancreatic acinar cells 292 9.5 Nuclear calcium signalling 303 9.6 Conclusions 310 References 311 10 Genetic Engineering of Mice 315 10.1 Introduction to genetic engineering 315 10.2 Genomics and the accumulation of sequence data 315 10.3 The mouse as a model organism 318 10.4 Techniques for genetic engineering 319 10.5 Examples of genetically-engineered mice 332 10.6 Summary 334 References 334 11 Signalling Complexes: Protein-protein Interactions and Lipid Rafts 339 11.1 Introduction to cell signalling complexes 339 11.2 Introduction to GPCR interacting proteins 340 11.3 Methods used to identify GPCR interacting proteins 340 11.4 Functional roles of GPCR interacting proteins 345 11.5 GPCR signalling complexes 348 11.6 GPCR and ion channel complexes 355 11.7 Ion channel signalling complexes 356 11.8 Development of pharmaceuticals that target GPCR interacting proteins 356 11.9 Development of pharmaceuticals that target protein-protein interactions 356 11.10 Lipid rafts 357 11.11 Receptor-mediated endocytosis 361 11.12 Summary 364 References 364 12 Recombinant Proteins and Immunotherapeutics 367 12.1 Introduction to immunotherapeutics 367 12.2 Historical background of immunotherapeutics 368 12.3 Basis of immunotherapeutics 368 12.4 Types of immunotherapeutics 369 12.5 Humanisation of antibody therapy 372 12.6 Immunotherapeutics in clinical practice 376 12.7 Advantages and disadvantages of immunotherapy 378 12.8 The future 379 12.9 Summary 380 References 380 Glossary 381 Index 403

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Book SynopsisOffers a visual approach to understanding both the basic science and clinical applications of pharmacology. Designed to be compatible and used in conjunction with other pharmacology resources, this book includes a presentation of the pharmacodynamic relationship between drugs and the human body.Trade Review"Visual learners will love this unique book. Although I don't think this is an easy way to first learn pharmacology, there is no better resource for students to integrate all of the basic sciences into a meaningful understanding of how the human body works and how disorders of the human body can be impacted by drugs, after they have learned the basic actions of drugs. This is also an excellent resource for students to consolidate all their learned basic information prior to sitting for certification examinations and/or advancing into the clinical phase of their studies. Not only is this book scientifically accurate, it is a work of art. In addition to being an excellent learning resource, it also makes a very appropriate coffee table book to serve as a unique conversation piece for guests."-Thomas Pazdernick, PhD(University of Kansas Medical Center) Doody Review: 5 starsTable of ContentsCHAPTER 1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTER 2. DRUGS USED TO AFFECT THE AUTONOMIC AND SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS CHAPTER 3. DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TREATMENT OF PAIN CHAPTER 4. DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM CHAPTER 5. DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM CHAPTER 6. DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 7. DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CHAPTER 8. DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM CHAPTER 9. DRUGS USED TO AFFECT RENAL FUNCTION CHAPTER 10. DRUGS USED IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE CHAPTER 11. DRUGS USED IN NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS CHAPTER 12. DRUGS USED FOR SKIN DISORDERS CHAPTER 13. VITAMINS: DEFICIENCIES AND DRUG INTERACTIONS CHAPTER 14. DRUG ALLERGY, ABUSE, AND POISONING OR OVERDOSE

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Book SynopsisAntibiotics and their mechanisms of action provides a deep and lucid understanding of the mechanisms of action of various antibiotics.

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Book SynopsisPharmacy OSCEs is the only pharmacy-specific OSCE revision guide. This easy-to-use book covers the key competencies that will be tested during your Objective Structured Clinical Examinations whether you are still studying or in practice.Table of Contents1. Responding to symptoms and history-taking; 2. Systems-based client assessment; 3. Legal aspects of prescriptions, and record-keeping; 4. Data retrieval and interpretation; 5. Clinical prescription management problems; 6. General health advice; 7. Counselling (medication and devices); 8. Problems involving calculations.

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Book SynopsisDiscover a simpler, more natural way of life. Pour yourself a cup of chamomile tea, find a quiet corner, and browse through the wealth of natural remedies, household tips, and beauty secrets presented in this tried and true guidebook.

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Book SynopsisIn this accessible guide, a world-renowned herbalist with sixty years of experience unlocks the health secrets that made her famous in Europe, where millions regained health and well-being from her herbal remedies. Clearly written and logically organized for easy use, this handbook has an alphabetical listing of illnesses and suggested remedies, with herbal recipes included. The author''s first book, Health Through God''s Pharmacy, was an international best-seller that sold four million copies in seven languages.

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Book SynopsisThis established textbook covers every aspect of drug properties from the design of dosage forms to their delivery by all routes to sites of action in the body.Trade Review"The text is highly illustrated throughout and includes key points and appropriate examples, providing clinicians with some easily accessible and relevant information. Some examples of adverse events due to excipients, impurities, the influence of dosage forms, materials in delivery devices and even light-induced effects are also included. Although the detection of adverse events is not an easy task, these examples may assist clinicians in asking the right questions to predict or identify adverse effects. The new focus on applications to clinical practice in this edition has extended its usefulness from pharmacy and pharmaceutical scientist courses to clinicians seeking an understanding of formulations, especially for children and older people, and in identifying the cause of adverse events."Beverley Glass, Australian Prescriber October 2016 -- Beverley Glass * Australian Prescriber *

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Book SynopsisIf you prescribe for patients with arrhythmias, you will want to keep this valuable paperback close at hand. The Second Edition of this valuable reference responds to changes in the available medications as well as in the way they are currently used. The book reviews everything you need to understand and prescribe today''s antiarrhythmic drugs: mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias and how antiarrhythmic drugs alter those arrhythmias, including common adverse effects which factors to consider in using these drugs for treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, and arrhythmias in pregnancy a detailed review of atrial fibrillation to help you make decisions for patient management in this complicated area Dr. Fogoros considers all the most recent drugs, plus promising drugs under investigation, to give you a full picture of therapeutic options. With Antiarrhythmic Drugs: A Practical Guide,Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Part 1 Basic Principles. Chapter 1 Mechanisms of Cardiac Tachyarrhythmias. Chapter 2 Introduction to Antiarrhythmic Drugs. Part 2 Clinical Features of Antiarrhythmic Drugs. Chapter 3 Class I Antiarrhythmic Drugs. Chapter 4 Class II Antiarrhythmic Drugs; Beta-Blocking Agents. Chapter 5 Class III Antiarrhythmic Drugs. Chapter 6 Class IV Drugs: Calcium-Blocking Agents. Chapter 7 Unclassified Antiarrhythmic Agents. Chapter 8 Investigational Antiarrhythmic Drugs. Chapter 9 Common Adverse Events with Antiarrhythmic Drugs. Part 3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Chapter 10 Basic Principles of Using Antiarrhythmic Drugs. Chapter 11 Treatment of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias. Chapter 12 Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias. Chapter 13 Treatment of Arrhythmias in PregnancyIndex

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I: General Principles 1. Information, Sources, Regulatory Agencies, Drug Legislation, and Prescription Writing 2. Drug Action and Handling 3. Adverse Reactions Part II: Drugs Used in Dentistry 4. Autonomic Drugs 5. Nonopioid (Nonnarcotic) Analgesics 6. Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesics and Antagonists 7. Antiinfective Agents 8. Antifungal and Antiviral Agents 9. Local Anesthetics 10. General Anesthetics 11. Antianxiety Agents Part III: Drugs That May Alter Dental Treatment 12. Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases 13. Drugs for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders 14. Drugs for the Treatment of Seizure Disorders 15. Drugs for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders 16. Adrenocorticosteroids 17. Drugs for the Treatment of Respiratory Disorders and Allergic Rhinitis 18. Drugs for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus 19. Drugs for the Treatment of Other Endocrine Disorders 20. Antineoplastic Drugs Part IV: Special Situations 21. Emergency Drugs 22. Pregnancy and Breast Feeding 23. Substance Use Disorders 24. Natural/Herbal Products and Dietary Supplements 25. Oral Conditions and Their Treatment 26. Hygiene-Related Oral Disorders Appendix A: Medical Acronyms Appendix B: Medical Terminology Appendix C: What if. Appendix D: Oral Manifestations: Xerostomia and Taste Changes Appendix E: Children's Dose Calculations Glossary Drug Index Index

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Book SynopsisThe Pharmaceutical Studies Reader is an engaging survey of the field that brings together provocative, multi-disciplinary scholarship examining the interplay of medical science, clinical practice, consumerism, and the healthcare marketplace.Trade Review"...provides an in-depth look at the machinery that enables the continued expansion of pharmaceutical products, markets, and subjects." - Ellen Rubinstein for Anthropology Book Forum, Anthropology NewsTable of ContentsAcknowledgements vii 1 Introduction 1Jeremy A. Greene and Sergio Sismondo Part I Pharmaceutical Lives 17 2 The Pharmaceuticalisation of Society? A Framework for Analysis 19Simon J. Williams, Paul Martin and Jonathan Gabe 3 Pharmaceutical Witnessing: Drugs for Life in an Era of Direct]to]Consumer Advertising 33Joseph Dumit Part II New Drugs, Diseases, and Identities 49 4 Releasing the Flood Waters: Diuril and the Reshaping of Hypertension 51Jeremy A. Greene 5 DepRession and ConsumŠtion: Psychopharmaceuticals, Branding, and New Identity Practices 70Nathan Greenslit 6 BiDil: Medicating the Intersection of Race and Heart Failure 87Anne Pollock 7 Manufacturing Desire: The Commodification of Female Sexual Dysfunction 106Jennifer R. Fishman Part III Drugs and the Circulation of Medical Knowledge 121 8 Following the Script: How Drug Reps Make Friends and Influence Doctors 123Adriane Fugh]Berman and Shahram Ahari 9 Getting to Yes: Corporate Power and the Creation of a Psychopharmaceutical Blockbuster 133Kalman Applbaum 10 Pushing Knowledge in the Drug Industry: Ghost]Managed Science 150Sergio Sismondo 11 Transcultural Medicine: A Multi]Sited Ethnography on the Scientific]Industrial Networking of Korean Medicine 165Jongyoung Kim Part IV Political and Moral Economies of Pharmaceutical Research 179 12 Uncommon Trajectories: Steroid Hormones, Mexican Peasants, and the Search for a Wild Yam 181Gabriela Soto Laveaga 13 “Ready]to]Recruit” or “Ready]to]Consent” Populations? Informed Consent and the Limits of Subject Autonomy 195Jill A. Fisher 14 Clinical Trials Offshored: On Private Sector Science and Public Health 208Adriana Petryna 15 The Experimental Machinery of Global Clinical Trials: Case Studies from India 222Kaushik Sunder Rajan Part V Intellectual Property in Local and Global Markets 235 16 Intellectual Property and Public Health: Copying of HIV/AIDS Drugs by Brazilian Public and Private Pharmaceutical Laboratories 237Maurice Cassier and Marilena Correa 17 Global Pharmaceutical Markets and Corporate Citizenship: The Case of Novartis’ Anti]Cancer Drug Glivec 247Stefan Ecks 18 Generic Medicines and the Question of the Similar 261Cori Hayden Index 268

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Book SynopsisA key requirement of the primary and final FRCA examinations is a sound understanding of the basic sciences behind anaesthetic practice. It is important to be able to describe these principles clearly, particularly in the viva section of the examinations. Featuring several new topics, this fully updated new edition of this best-selling book provides all the important graphs, definitions and equations which may be covered in the examinations, together with clear and concise explanations of how to present them to the examiner and why they are important. Packed full of precise, clear diagrams with well structured explanations, and with all key definitions, derivations and statistics, this is an essential study aid for all FRCA examination candidates.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements; Preface; Forewords P. Hutton and Tom E. Peck; Introduction; 1. Mathematical principles; 2. Physical principles; 3. Principles of special equipment; 4. Pharmacological principles; 5. Pharmacodynamics; 6. Pharmacokinetics; 7. Respiratory physiology; 8. Cardiovascular physiology; 9. Renal physiology; 10. Neurophysiology; 11. Applied sciences; 12. Statistical principles; Appendix; Index.

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThe Risks of Prescription Drugs explains in clear, concise, and unflinching language the consequences of ignoring the discrepancy between the drug industry's private interests and the public service we hope and naively expect from them. This book provides consumers with tools for self-defense and concerned citizens with a road map for rebalancing American medicine. -- John Abramson, Harvard Medical School, author of Overdosed America: The Broken Promise of American Medicine This volume introduces important debates on pharmaceutical promotion and marketing, needed drug evaluation and regulation, professional conflicts of interest, and increased medicalization of behavior. It explores important trends and policy questions that all engaged citizens should consider. -- David Mechanic, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, and author of The Truth About Health Care: Why Reform Is Not Working in America This is a sensible, readable and constructive book that could in various respects open the reader's eyes, and then lead him, with his eyes wide open, along the road to a healthier world. -- M.N.G. Dukes International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine This well-referenced title will be of particular interest to prescribers, but I recommend it to all healthcare professionals. -- Roger Evans Nursing StandardTable of Contents1. Bearing the Risks of Prescription Drugs, by Donald W. Light 2. The Food and Drug Administration: Inadequate Protection from Serious Risks, by Donald W. Light 3. The Commercialization of Medical Decisions: Physicians and Patients at Risk, by Howard Brody 4. Pharmaceuticals and the Medicalization of Social Life, by Allan V. Horwitz 5. Medicalization and Risk Scares: The Case of Menopause and HRT, by Cheryl Stults and Peter Conrad Epilogue. Toward Safer Prescribing and Better Drugs, by Donald W. Light List of Contributors

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Book SynopsisMedicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach, Third Edition, provides a comprehensive and balanced introduction to natural products from a biosynthetic perspective, focussing on the metabolic sequences leading to various classes of natural products.Trade Review"Students should be empowered for a deductive analysis of the presented substances." (Arzneimittelforschung, December 2009) "This new edition is an excellent text that is unrivaled in both its scope and overall coverage of natural products biosynthesis." (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, August 2009) "There is no question that this is the best book available on the biosynthesis and bio-organic chemistry of medicinally important natural products." (Education in Chemistry, September 2009)Table of Contents1 About this book, and how to use it 1 The subject 1 The aim 1 The approach 2 The topics 2 The figures 2 Further reading 3 What to study 3 What to learn 3 Nomenclature 3 Conventions regarding acids, bases, and ions 4 Some common abbreviations 4 Further reading 5 2 Secondary metabolism: the building blocks and construction mechanisms 7 Primary and secondary metabolism 7 The building blocks 8 The construction mechanisms 11 Alkylation reactions: nucleophilic substitution 12 Alkylation reactions: electrophilic addition 12 Wagner–Meerwein rearrangements 15 Aldol and Claisen reactions 15 Imine formation and the Mannich reaction 18 Amino acids and transamination 20 Decarboxylation reactions 22 Oxidation and reduction reactions 24 Dehydrogenases 24 Oxidases 26 Monooxygenases 26 Dioxygenases 26 Amine oxidases 27 Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases 27 Phenolic oxidative coupling 28 Halogenation reactions 28 Glycosylation reactions 31 Elucidating biosynthetic pathways 34 Further reading 38 3 The acetate pathway: fatty acids and polyketides 39 Fatty acid synthase: saturated fatty acids 39 Unsaturated fatty acids 44 Uncommon fatty acids 53 Prostaglandins 58 Thromboxanes 64 Leukotrienes 64 Polyketide synthases: generalities 66 Polyketide synthases: macrolides 68 Polyketide synthases: linear polyketides and polyethers 90 Diels–Alder cyclizations 96 Polyketide synthases: aromatics 96 Cyclizations 99 Post-polyketide synthase modifications 103 Starter groups 116 Further reading 131 4 The shikimate pathway: aromatic amino acids and phenylpropanoids 137 Aromatic amino acids and simple benzoic acids 137 Phenylpropanoids 148 Cinnamic acids and esters 148 Lignans and lignin 152 Phenylpropenes 156 Benzoic acids from C6C3 compounds 157 Coumarins 161 Aromatic polyketides 166 Styrylpyrones, diarylheptanoids 166 Flavonoids and stilbenes 167 Flavonolignans 173 Isoflavonoids 174 Terpenoid quinones 178 Further reading 184 5 The mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways: terpenoids and steroids 187 Mevalonic acid and methylerythritol phosphate 188 Hemiterpenes (C5) 192 Monoterpenes (C10) 193 Irregular monoterpenes 204 Iridoids (C10) 206 Sesquiterpenes (C15) 210 Diterpenes (C20) 223 Sesterterpenes (C25) 234 Triterpenes (C30) 234 Triterpenoid saponins 242 Steroids 247 Stereochemistry and nomenclature 247 Cholesterol 248 Phytosterols 251 Vitamin D 256 Steroidal saponins 259 Cardioactive glycosides 265 Bile acids 275 Adrenocortical hormones/corticosteroids 277 Semi-synthesis of corticosteroids 277 Progestogens 287 Oestrogens 290 Androgens 296 Tetraterpenes (C40) 298 Higher terpenoids 306 Further reading 306 6 Alkaloids 311 Alkaloids derived from ornithine 311 Polyamines 311 Pyrrolidine and tropane alkaloids 312 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids 324 Alkaloids derived from lysine 326 Piperidine alkaloids 326 Quinolizidine alkaloids 328 Indolizidine alkaloids 330 Alkaloids derived from nicotinic acid 331 Pyridine alkaloids 331 Alkaloids derived from tyrosine 336 Phenylethylamines and simple tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids 336 Modified benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids 346 Phenethylisoquinoline alkaloids 359 Terpenoid tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids 363 Amaryllidaceae alkaloids 365 Alkaloids derived from tryptophan 366 Simple indole alkaloids 366 Simple β-carboline alkaloids 369 Terpenoid indole alkaloids 369 Quinoline alkaloids 380 Pyrroloindole alkaloids 385 Ergot alkaloids 387 Alkaloids derived from anthranilic acid 395 Quinazoline alkaloids 395 Quinoline and acridine alkaloids 396 Alkaloids derived from histidine 398 Imidazole alkaloids 398 Alkaloids derived by amination reactions 400 Acetate-derived alkaloids 401 Phenylalanine-derived alkaloids 401 Terpenoid alkaloids 406 Steroidal alkaloids 406 Purine alkaloids 413 Caffeine 413 Saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin 416 Further reading 417 7 Peptides, proteins, and other amino acid derivatives 421 Peptides and proteins 421 Ribosomal peptide biosynthesis 422 Peptide hormones 426 Thyroid hormones 426 Hypothalamic hormones 427 Anterior pituitary hormones 429 Posterior pituitary hormones 430 Pancreatic hormones 432 Interferons 433 Opioid peptides 434 Ribosomal peptide toxins 434 Enzymes 438 Non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis 438 Modified peptides: penicillins, cephalosporins, and other β-lactams 458 Penicillins 458 Cephalosporins 465 Other β-lactams 469 Cyanogenic glycosides 476 Glucosinolates 477 Cysteine sulfoxides 480 Further reading 481 8 Carbohydrates 485 Monosaccharides 485 Oligosaccharides 490 Polysaccharides 493 Aminosugars and aminoglycosides 498 Further reading 507 Index 509

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Book SynopsisThe Merck Index is the definitive reference work for scientists and professionals looking for authoritative information on chemicals, drugs and biologicals. It has been the leading source of information on chemical compounds for generations of scientists and professionals, selling over one million copies since its publication in 1889. The Merck Index contains over 10,000 monographs with information relating to compounds of significance in research, commerce and environmental impact. The 15th edition, available from Royal Society of Chemistry publishing for the first time, is fully revised and updated and contains over 500 new monographs. Over 35% of the existing entries have been updated since the last edition, molecular weights have been recalculated with the latest IUPAC standards and there are revised periodic table and atomic weight tables. The Merck Index is an essential reference for all scholarly and professional chemists, biochemists, pharmacists and toxicologists and of interest to students, teachers, academic libraries, academic researchers, information professionals, solicitors, journalists and government agencies. *The name THE MERCK INDEX is owned by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, N.J., U.S.A., and is licensed to The Royal Society of Chemistry for use in the U.S.A. and Canada.

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Book SynopsisThe US Food and Drug Administration is the most powerful regulatory agency in the world. How did the FDA become so influential? This book traces the history of FDA regulation of pharmaceuticals, revealing how the agency's organizational reputation has been the primary source of its power, yet also one of its ultimate constraints.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2011 Allan Sharlin Memorial Award, Social Science History Association "Reputation and Power is ... and authoritative and well researched book. Political scientists will admire Carpenter's scholarship. It is, indeed, a good mix of history, politics, gossip, and intrigue."--Michael Rawlins, Lancet "In his massive, magisterial Reputation and Power: Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA, the Harvard political scientist Daniel Carpenter provides both a history of the agency and an analysis of how it gained and flexed its most important regulatory power, the ability to keep new drugs off the market. Carpenter carefully documents the ways FDA bureaucrats have worked to exploit opportunities to expand their influence and reshape how the drug industry and the medical profession operate."--Keith E. Wittington, Reason "This immense volume considers the Food and Drug Administration's regulation of the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on the connection between the FDA's stellar reputation and its ability to wield power as a regulatory body. The book is exceptional, successfully combining an array of methodological approaches."--Choice "Carpenter's book has much to offer. Reputation and Power will be a valuable resource for anyone who is interested in understanding US pharmaceutical regulation and the debates surrounding it."--Mary K. Olson, Health Affairs "This book succeeds quite well in achieving its ambitious objectives. It provides a compelling and useful account for the exceptional role of the FDA in American society, government, and regulation. Perhaps more importantly for organizational scholars, it provides a very rich case study of the evolution of an organization's reputation, image and power and how these combine to affect its performance."--Thomas D'Aunno, Administrative Science Quarterly "Carpenter's book was ten years in the making and it shows. The research is wide ranging and groundbreaking and the impressive range of materials will certainly help expand the field... Reputation and Power is essential reading for modern historians of medicine. In a renewed climate of interest in regulation, it is a sober addition to the previous polemical debates about the world of pharmaceuticals and their regulation and is sure to generate a broad discussion."--Lucas Richert, Social History of Medicine "Reputation and Power ... is a masterful study in the best tradition of political science and will stand as a definitive treatment of regulation, and not merely of the FDA's policies and practices. Along with his earlier work, this book will be an essential part of the emerging study of the American administrative state, whether that study takes place in political science, history, sociology, law, or, indeed, in schools of medicine and pharmacology."--John Ferejohn, Perspectives on PoliticsTable of ContentsLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix LIST OF TABLES xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS xvii INTRODUCTION: The Gatekeeper 1 CHAPTER ONE: Reputation and Regulatory Power 33 PART ONE: ORGANIZATIONAL EMPOWERMENT AND CHALLENGE CHAPTER TWO: Reputation and Gatekeeping Authority: The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 and Its Aftermath 73 CHAPTER THREE: The Ambiguous Emergence of American Pharmaceutical Regulation, 1944-1961 118 CHAPTER FOUR: Reputation and Power Crystallized: Thalidomide, Frances Kelsey, and Phased Experiment, 1961-1966 228 CHAPTER FIVE: Reputation and Power Institutionalized: Scientific Networks, Congressional Hearings, and Judicial Affirmation, 1963-1986 298 CHAPTER SIX: Reputation and Power Contested: Emboldened Audiences in Cancer and AIDS, 1977-1992 393 PART TWO: PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATION AND ITS AUDIENCES CHAPTER SEVEN: Reputation and the Organizational Politics of New Drug Review 465 CHAPTER EIGHT: The Governance of Research and Development: Gatekeeping Power, Conceptual Guidance, and Regulation by Satellite 544 CHAPTER NINE: The Other Side of the Gate: Reputation, Power, and Post-Market Regulation 585 CHAPTER TEN: The Detente of Firm and Regulator 635 CHAPTER ELEVEN: American Pharmaceutical Regulation in International Context: Audiences, Comparisons, and Dependencies 686 CHAPTER TWELVE: Conclusion: A Reputation in Relief 727 PRIMARY SOURCES AND ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS 753 INDEX 759

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Book SynopsisThis second edition of Clarke's Analytical Forensic Toxicology offers a fresh perspective on the drugs and poisons that you are most likely to encounter in forensic toxicology, with a focus on collection, extraction and analysis.Trade Review"...a useful reference for students both undergraduate and postgraduate, as well as toxicologists who are relatively new to this discipline...There are many chapters from experienced toxicologists (many who are familiar to us) and the book is well structured and follows a consistent approach to understanding the essentials of forensic toxicology...There is a comprehensive number of chapters on techniques (extraction and analysis) and the major chromatographic approaches are covered well by recognised authors with considerable expertise...So if you have the 4th edition of Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons would you also buy this volume as well? Yes I would because the book is geared to a more novice readership - students, researchers and inexperienced toxicologists." Dimitri Gerostamoulos, TIAFT Bulletin 43(2), July 2013. -- Dimitri Gerostamoulos * TIAFT Bulletin *"This new edition is based on content in volume 1 of Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons, and modified for student use...this volume is full of useful information that will allow students to become familiar with the field. Summing up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and graduate students." J. Allison, The College of New Jersey, CHOICE (51:3) November 2013. -- J. Allison * CHOICE *Table of Contents1. Introduction to Forensic Toxicology 2. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism 3. Drugs of Abuse 4. Other Poisons 5. Workplace Drug Testing 6. Alternative Specimens 7. Postmortem Toxicology 8. Clinical Toxicology 9. Drug Abuse in Sport 10. Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault 11. Alcohol, Drugs and Driving 12. Forensic Chemistry & Solid Dosage Form Identification 13. Sampling, Storage and Stability 14. Extraction 15. Colour Tests and Thin-Layer Chromatography 16. Immunoassays 17. Ultraviolet, Visible and Fluorescence Spectrophotometry 18. Infrared Spectroscopy 19. Gas Chromatography 20. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 21. Mass Spectrometry 22. Quality Control and Assessment

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Book SynopsisGet your baby off to a great start with gentle and safe homemade lotions, powders, creams, and shampoos. In this informative guide to natural baby care, Colleen Dodt offers easy-to-follow aromatic recipes that make creative use of herbs and essential oils while avoiding harsh chemicals. With simple homeopathic remedies for a variety of ailments, Dodt provides plenty of suggestions for ensuring glowing health and creating a relaxing atmosphere that can enhance the magical bond between you and your baby.

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Book SynopsisDiscover the fragrant world of essential oils. Herbalist Colleen K. Dodt profiles the healing and cleaning powers of dozens of oils extracted from herbs, flowers, roots, barks, and resins. This comprehensive guide includes recipes for natural cleaning products, lotions, and ointments that will keep you feeling happy and smelling great. Fill your days with stimulating scents as you learn to use essential oils to wash your dishes, soothe sunburns, combat stress, and improve the quality of your life.

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Book SynopsisEin praktisches Taschenbuch zum schnellen Nachschlagen für Pflegefachkräfte in stationären und ambulanten Pflegeeinrichtungen. Für einen verantwortungsvollen und bewussten Umgang mit Psychopharmaka in der Betreuung älterer Menschen.Hier finden Pflegende die wichtigsten Fakten zur Psychopharmakotherapie: - Wirkung und Nebenwirkungen verschiedener Medikamentengruppen- Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Medikamenten- Medikamentenprofile nach Handelsnamen und Wirkstoffen in alphabetischer Reihenfolge Dieses Wissen befähigt Pflegekräfte in der Kommunikation mit dem Arzt: über negative Wechselwirkungen und Folgeerscheinungen, z.B. z.B. Desorientierung, erhöhte Sturzgefahr, Immobilität, einer eingestellten Medikation zu informieren. Auch informiert die erfahrene Autorin über alternative Angebote z.B. der Basalen Stimulation, Seelsorge, Physiotherapie, Ergotherapie, Aromatherapie.Table of ContentsUmgang mit Medikamenten.- Antidementiva.- Antidepressiva.- Schlaf- und Beruhigungsmittel.- Antipsychotika.- Besondere Probleme älterer Menschen.- Alternativen.- Anhang.- Literatur.

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Book SynopsisAn accessible book for clinicians at all levels of training and experience who prescribe psychiatric medications and wish to better understand the rationale and empirical evidence base behind choosing treatments optimally tailored to the needs of individual patients.Trade Review'Psychopharmacology textbooks are typically either scholarly, endlessly long and inaccessible to clinicians, or clinician-friendly but with inadequate documentation for readers who want more detailed information. Somehow, Goldberg and Stahl's Practical Psychopharmacology combines the best of these two styles. It is astonishingly comprehensive with many Tables citing every relevant study while simultaneously providing the deep practical wisdom and experience of the two authors, both of whom are world class clinician-scholars. Practical Psychopharmacology also provides a sophisticated yet accessible review of the biological underpinnings of both psychopathology and medication effects. It does not just inform; it teaches the reader how to think about medications. This book will set the standard in our field for the foreseeable future.' Michael Gitlin, Distinguished Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Director, Adult Division of Psychiatry, Director, Mood Disorders Clinic, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA'The translation of clinical research findings into practice is fraught. The methodology of many trials is imperfect, complex, and opaque and hard to generalise to real world patients. Many critical questions are poorly answered by the extant evidence. The basic neuroscience is extraordinarily complex. This book is a Rosetta stone for translating this evidence into practice in providing a critical bridge for practising clinicians in distilling and interpreting the evidence into clear and coherent pragmatic management and prescribing recommendations. Written by two of the world's premier authorities, it is infused with a rare synergy of clinical wisdom and neuroscience expertise and is an essential resource for any practising prescriber of psychotropic agents.' Michael Berk, NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellow; Alfred Deakin Professor of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health; Director, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation'Drs. Goldberg and Stahl have reminded us that they are scientific artisans by creating a pragmatic, patient-centered set of guiding principles in clinical psychopharmacology. The emergence of newer psychopharmacologic treatments and expansion of indications for previously available agents has provided hope for identifying therapeutic avenues for patients to improve their general wellbeing, but also can feel daunting, overwhelming, and a source of entropy. Consequently, it is not uncommon for clinicians at point of care to be genuinely perplexed as to which treatments and capabilities are 'promising rather than prime-time'. The authors have deftly synthesized the scientific literature and have produced a book that is comprehensive, concise, and an invaluable source of decision support at the point of care for multidisciplinary practitioners who provide care to persons with mental disorders.' Roger S. McIntyre, Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Head, Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Toronto, CanadaTable of ContentsPart I. General Principles: 1. Core concepts of good psychopharmacology; 2. Targets of treatment: categories versus dimensions of psychopathology; 3. Interpreting and using the literature: integrating evidence-based trials with real-world practice; 4. Placebo and nocebo effects; 5. Tailoring the fit: moderators and mediators of treatment outcome; 6. Complex regimens and rationale-based combination drug therapies; 7. Laboratory values and psychiatric symptoms: what to measure, what not to measure, and what to do with the results; 8. Pharmacogenetics: when relevant, when not; 9. Cross-tapering and the logistics of drug discontinuation; 10. Managing major adverse drug effects: when to avoid, switch, or treat through; 11. Novel drug therapeutics: nutraceuticals, steroids, probiotics, and other dietary supplements; 12. Human diversity and considerations in special populations; Part II. Targets of Pharmacotherapy: 13. Disordered mood and affect; 14. Disorders of impulsivity, compulsivity, and aggression; 15. Psychosis; 16. Deficit states and negative symptoms; 17. Anxiety; 18. Addiction and the reward pathway; 19. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder; 20. Personality disorders; 21. Cognition; 22. Putting it all together; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsUsing calculations in pharmacy practice Dispensing techniques (compounding and good practice) Oral unit dosage forms Packaging Solutions Suspensions Emulsions External preparations Suppositories and pessaries Powders and granules Sterile products Parenteral products Opthalmic products Inhaled products Parenteral nutrition and dialysis Radiopharmacy Specialized services Appliances Routes of administration and dosage forms

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