Particle and high-energy physics Books

Book SynopsisThe first edition of Engines of Discovery celebrated in words, images and anecdotes the accelerators and their constructors that culminated in the discovery of the Higgs boson. But even before the Higgs was discovered, before the champagne corks popped and while the television producers brushed up their quantum mechanics, a new wave of enthusiasm for accelerators to be applied for more practical purposes was gaining momentum. Almost all fields of human endeavour will be enhanced by this trend: energy conservation, medical diagnostics and treatment, national security, as well as industrial processing. Accelerators have been used most spectacularly to reveal the structure of the complex molecules that determine our metabolism and life. For every accelerator chasing the Higgs, there are now ten thousand serving other purposes. It is high time to move from abstract mathematics and philosophy to the practical needs of humankind.It is the aim of this revised and expanded edition to describe this revolution in a manner which will attract the young, not only to apply their curiosity to the building blocks of matter but to help them contribute to the improvement of the quality of life itself on this planet. As always, the authors have tried to avoid lengthy mathematical description. In describing a field which reaches out to almost all of today's cutting edge technology, some detailed explanation cannot be avoided but this has been confined to sidebars. References guide experts to move on to the journal Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology and other publications for more information. But first we would urge every young physicist, teacher, journalist and politician to read this book.Table of ContentsPart A. The Accelerators: Electrostatic Accelerators; Cyclotrons; Linacs; Betatrons; Synchrotrons; Colliders; Muon Accelerators; Detectors; Part B. The Applications: High-Energy and Nuclear Physics; Synchrotron Radiation Sources; Isotope Production and Cancer Therapy Accelerators; Spallation Neutron Sources; Accelerators in Industry; National Security; Energy and Environment; Part C. The Future: A Final Word - Mainly to the Young.

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Book SynopsisThe recent observation of the Higgs boson has been hailed as the scientific discovery of the century and led to the 2013 Nobel Prize in physics. This book describes the detailed science behind the decades-long search for this elusive particle at the Large Electron Positron Collider at CERN and at the Tevatron at Fermilab and its subsequent discovery and characterization at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Written by physicists who played leading roles in this epic search and discovery, this book is an authoritative and pedagogical exposition of the portrait of the Higgs boson that has emerged from a large number of experimental measurements. As the first of its kind, this book should be of interest to graduate students and researchers in particle physics.Table of ContentsSection 1: Phenomenology of the Higgs Boson; Section 2: Higgs Searches at the Large Electron - Positron Collider; Higgs Searches at the Tevatron Collider; Section 3: Overview of the Higgs Searches at the Large Hadron Collider; Higgs Search in the Gamma - Gamma Final State; Higgs Search in the B - Bbar Final State Final State; Higgs Search in the Lepton - Neutrino Lepton - Neutrino Final State; Higgs Search in the Four Lepton Final State; Higgs Search in the Lepton - Lepton Neutrino - Neutrino Final State; Higgs Search in the Lepton - Lepton Jet - Jet Final State; Higgs Search in the Lepton - Neutrino Jet - Jet Final State; Combined Results on Higgs Boson Search; Section 4: Minimal Supersymmetric Higgs Boson Searches; Section 5: Interpretation of the Experimental Results.

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Book SynopsisBy year 1911 radioactivity had been discovered for over a decade, but its origin remained a mystery. Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus and the subsequent discovery of the neutron by Chadwick started the field of subatomic physics — a quest for understanding the fundamental constituents of matter.This book reviews the important achievements in subatomic physics in the past century. The chapters are divided into two parts: nuclear physics and particle physics. Written by renowned authors who have made major developments in the field, this book provides the academics and researchers an essential overview of the present state of knowledge in nuclear and particle physics.Table of ContentsPart I: Nuclear Physics: Introduction by S Weinberg; The Beginnings; Dynamical Symmetries; Heavy Ion Reactions; Fission and Fusion; Halo and Unstable Nuclei Drip-Lines; P, C, T, CPT; Nuclear Masses; Nucleosynthesis; Isospin; Chiral Symmetry; Part II: Particles and Fields: Colliders; Detectors for Neutrinos, p Decay; Parton Model and QCD; Jets; Regge Theory and Diffractive Physics; Neutrino Oscillations and Masses; Weak Interactions; Lattice Techniques; Renormalization; Theories of Larger Symmetries; String Theories; Effective Field Theories; Dark Energy, Dark Matter; 4π Detectors.

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Book SynopsisBy year 1911 radioactivity had been discovered for over a decade, but its origin remained a mystery. Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus and the subsequent discovery of the neutron by Chadwick started the field of subatomic physics — a quest for understanding the fundamental constituents of matter.This book reviews the important achievements in subatomic physics in the past century. The chapters are divided into two parts: nuclear physics and particle physics. Written by renowned authors who have made major developments in the field, this book provides the academics and researchers an essential overview of the present state of knowledge in nuclear and particle physics.Table of ContentsPart I: Nuclear Physics: Introduction by S Weinberg; The Beginnings; Dynamical Symmetries; Heavy Ion Reactions; Fission and Fusion; Halo and Unstable Nuclei Drip-Lines; P, C, T, CPT; Nuclear Masses; Nucleosynthesis; Isospin; Chiral Symmetry; Part II: Particles and Fields: Colliders; Detectors for Neutrinos, p Decay; Parton Model and QCD; Jets; Regge Theory and Diffractive Physics; Neutrino Oscillations and Masses; Weak Interactions; Lattice Techniques; Renormalization; Theories of Larger Symmetries; String Theories; Effective Field Theories; Dark Energy, Dark Matter; 4π Detectors.

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Book SynopsisThe recent observation of the Higgs boson has been hailed as the scientific discovery of the century and led to the 2013 Nobel Prize in physics. This book describes the detailed science behind the decades-long search for this elusive particle at the Large Electron Positron Collider at CERN and at the Tevatron at Fermilab and its subsequent discovery and characterization at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Written by physicists who played leading roles in this epic search and discovery, this book is an authoritative and pedagogical exposition of the portrait of the Higgs boson that has emerged from a large number of experimental measurements. As the first of its kind, this book should be of interest to graduate students and researchers in particle physics.Table of ContentsSection 1: Phenomenology of the Higgs Boson; Section 2: Higgs Searches at the Large Electron - Positron Collider; Higgs Searches at the Tevatron Collider; Section 3: Overview of the Higgs Searches at the Large Hadron Collider; Higgs Search in the Gamma - Gamma Final State; Higgs Search in the B - Bbar Final State Final State; Higgs Search in the Lepton - Neutrino Lepton - Neutrino Final State; Higgs Search in the Four Lepton Final State; Higgs Search in the Lepton - Lepton Neutrino - Neutrino Final State; Higgs Search in the Lepton - Lepton Jet - Jet Final State; Higgs Search in the Lepton - Neutrino Jet - Jet Final State; Combined Results on Higgs Boson Search; Section 4: Minimal Supersymmetric Higgs Boson Searches; Section 5: Interpretation of the Experimental Results.

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Book SynopsisAs the proceedings of a symposium in honor of Victor Weisskopf at MIT, this volume contains papers by leaders of physics at the time, including M Delbrück, M Gell-Mann, H Bethe, T D Lee, B R Mottelson, W K H Panofsky, E Purcell, J Schwinger, S M Ulam, and others. Some papers address problems in the philosophy of physics, and physics and society, that are timeless in nature. But the symposium had a historical significance, in that it took place at a historic juncture of particle physics — the emergence of the Standard Model owing to experiments that point to the existence of quarks. Some of the papers reflect both the pre-quark and post-quark points of view. For these reasons, these proceedings merit reissue and reexamination.Table of ContentsForeword to the Reissue (K Huang); The Energy Problem (H Bethe); Model-free Views of Deep Inelastic Scattering (J Schwinger); Life at Low Reynolds Number (E M Purcell); A Possible New Form of Matter at High Density (T D Lee); The World as Quarks, Leptons and Bosons (M Gell-Mann); What Angular Momentum Can Do to the Nucleus (B R Mottelson); Physics for Mathematicians (S M Ulam); How Aristotle Discovered DNA (M Delbruck); Is Negotiated Arms Control Possible? (W K H Panofsky); The Third Culture (D Hawkins).

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Book SynopsisThe past 100 years of accelerator-based research have led the field from first insights into the structure of atoms to the development and confirmation of the Standard Model of physics. Accelerators have been a key tool in developing our understanding of the elementary particles and the forces that govern their interactions. This book describes the past 100 years of accelerator development with a special focus on the technological advancements in the field, the connection of the various accelerator projects to key developments and discoveries in the Standard Model, how accelerator technologies open the door to other applications in medicine and industry, and finally presents an outlook of future accelerator projects for the coming decades.Table of ContentsSynchrotrons; Strong Focusing; Superconducting Magnet Technology; High Frequency Resonance Structures; Superconducting HF; Beam Power; Non-Linear Dynamics; Hadron Therapy.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is devoted to a wide variety of investigations, both in theory and experiment, of particle physics such as electroweak theory, fundamental symmetries, tests of the Standard Model and beyond, neutrino and astroparticle physics, heavy quark physics, non-perturbative QCD, quantum gravity effects, and present and future accelerator physics.Table of ContentsPhysics at Accelerators and Studies in SM and Beyond; Neutrino Physics; Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology; CP Violation and Rare Decays; Hadron Physics; New Developments in Quantum Field Theory; Problems of Intelligentsia.

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Book SynopsisQuantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the most up-to-date theory of the strong interaction. Its predictions have been verified experimentally, and it is a cornerstone of the Standard Model of particle physics. However, standard perturbative procedures fail if applied to low-energy QCD. Even the discovery of the Higgs Boson will not solve the problem of masses originating from the non-perturbative behavior of QCD.This book presents a new method, the introduction of the ‘mass gap’, first suggested by Arthur Jaffe and Edward Witten at the turn of the millennium. It attempts to show that, to explain the mass-spectrum of QCD, one needs the mass scale parameter (the mass gap) instead of other massive particles. The energy difference between the lowest order and the vacuum state in Yang-Mills quantum field theory, the mass gap is in principle responsible for the large-scale structure of the QCD ground state, and thus also for its non-perturbative phenomena at low energies. This book not only presents the mass gap, but also details the applications and outlook of the mass gap method. A detailed summary of references and problems are included as well.This book is best for scientists and highly advanced students interested in non-perturbative effects and methods in QCD.Table of ContentsTheory of the Mass Gap: Quantum Chromodynamics and the Mass Gap; Color Gauge Invariance and the Origin of the Mass Gap; Formal Exact Solutions for the Full Gluon Propagator at Non-zero Mass Gap; Renormalization of the Mass Gap; General Discussion; Applications of the Mass Gap: Vacuum Energy Density in the Quantum Yang - Mills Theory; The Non-perturbative Analytical Equation of State for the Gluon Matter I; The Non-perturbative Analytical Equation of State for the Gluon Matter II; The Non-perturbative Analytical Equation of State for SU(3) Gluon Plasma.

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Book SynopsisProfessor Chen Ning Yang, an eminent contemporary physicist, was Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, from 1955 to 1966, and Albert Einstein Professor of Physics at the State University of New York at Stony Brook until his retirement in 1999. He has been Distinguished Professor-at-Large at the Chinese University of Hong Kong since 1986 and Professor at Tsinghua University, Beijing, since 1998.Since receiving his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1948, Prof Yang has made great impacts in both abstract theory and phenomenological analysis in modern physics. In 1983, he published “Selected Papers (1945-1980), With Commentary”. It has been considered by Freeman Dyson as one of his favorite books. The present book is a sequel to that earlier volume. It is a collection of his personally selected papers (1971-2012) supplemented by his insightful commentaries. Its contents reflect Professor Yang's changing interests after he reached age sixty. It also includes commentaries written by him in 2011 when he is 89 years old.The papers and commentaries in this unique collection comprise a remarkable personal and professional chronicle, shedding light on both the intellectual development of a great physicist and on the nature of scientific inquiry.

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Book SynopsisProfessor Chen Ning Yang, an eminent contemporary physicist, was Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, from 1955 to 1966, and Albert Einstein Professor of Physics at the State University of New York at Stony Brook until his retirement in 1999. He has been Distinguished Professor-at-Large at the Chinese University of Hong Kong since 1986 and Professor at Tsinghua University, Beijing, since 1998.Since receiving his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1948, Prof Yang has made great impacts in both abstract theory and phenomenological analysis in modern physics. In 1983, he published “Selected Papers (1945-1980), With Commentary”. It has been considered by Freeman Dyson as one of his favorite books. The present book is a sequel to that earlier volume. It is a collection of his personally selected papers (1971-2012) supplemented by his insightful commentaries. Its contents reflect Professor Yang's changing interests after he reached age sixty. It also includes commentaries written by him in 2011 when he is 89 years old.The papers and commentaries in this unique collection comprise a remarkable personal and professional chronicle, shedding light on both the intellectual development of a great physicist and on the nature of scientific inquiry.

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Book SynopsisDifferential Manifold is the framework of particle physics and astrophysics nowadays. It is important for all research physicists to be well accustomed to it and even experimental physicists should be able to manipulate equations and expressions in that framework.This book gives a comprehensive description of the basics of differential manifold with a full proof of any element. A large part of the book is devoted to the basic mathematical concepts in which all necessary for the development of the differential manifold is expounded and fully proved.This book is self-consistent: it starts from first principles. The mathematical framework is the set theory with its axioms and its formal logic. No special knowledge is needed.Table of ContentsManifold: Differentiable Manifold; Smooth Maps; Vector Fields on a Differentiable Manifold; Conventions; Tangent Spaces and Tangent Vectors; Coordinate Changes; Metric on a Differentiable Manifold; One-Form Field and Differential; Tensorial Field; Wedge Product of 1-Linear Forms (versus Vector Fields); Exterior Differential; Volume and Integral in Differential Manifold, Stokes Kelvin - Thomson Theorem; Lie Bracket; Bundles and Differentiable Manifold; Parallel Transport; Curvature; Lagrangian of the Electro-Weak Interactions (Left Handed); General Relativity; Notations; Some Basic Mathematics Needed for Manifolds: General Concepts; Real Numbers, Set ℛ; Euclidean Metric; Metric and Topology on ℛ; Behavior at a Point; Some Properties of Continuous Maps from ℛ to ℛ; Continuous Maps from Topological Sets to ℛ; Derivable Function; Group; Module Over a Commutative Ring; Vector Spaces; Complex Numbers; ℛn; Convex Subset; Topology on ℛn; Continuous Map on ℛn to ℛp; Sequence; Sequence in ℛ∞; Sequence of Maps; Partial Derivative; Topology on Convex Subsets; Path Connected Sets; Riemann Integral of Maps with Compact Support; Volume in ℛn; Integral of a Continuous Map; Differential Equations; Lebesgue Integral; Taylor Expansion of Functions with Derivatives; Exponentials; Polynomials; Useful Smooth Maps Built with Exponentials; Eigenvectors of a Linear Transformation; Conventions, Basic Relations and Symbols: Logical Theory; Specifics Terms; Quantificators; Specifics Relations; Sets; Relations and Operations on Sets; Zermolo Theorem; Cardinals; Integers; Rational Numbers; Conventions.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the readers with a broad introduction to the field of particle physics through fictional discussions between three prominent physicists — Albert Einstein, Issac Newton, and Murray Gell-Mann — together with a modern physicist.Matter is composed of quarks and electrons. The forces between quarks are generated by exchanges of gluons and are so strong that they result in the confinement of quarks in atomic nuclei, whereas the forces between electrons and atomic nuclei are generated by exchanges of photons, and the forces between quarks and electrons (or any other leptons) are generated by exchanges of weak bosons.The book is suitable for non-experts in physics.Table of ContentsFrom Isospin to SU(3); Quarks with Color; Electroweak Interactions; Oscillating Neutrinos; Grand Unification; Constants of Nature; Big Bang.

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Book SynopsisThe necessity of describing three-nucleon and three-quark systems have led to a constant interest in the problem of three particles. The question of including relativistic effects appeared together with the consideration of the decay amplitude in the framework of the dispersion technique. The relativistic dispersion description of amplitudes always takes into account processes connected with the investigated reaction by the unitarity condition or by virtual transitions; in the case of three-particle processes they are, as a rule, those where other many-particle states and resonances are produced. The description of these interconnected reactions and ways of handling them is the main subject of the book.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Elements of Dispersion Relation Technique for Two-Body Scattering Reactions; Spectral Integral Equation for the Decay of a Spinless Particle Into a Three-Body State; Non-Relativistic Three-Body Amplitude; Propagators of Spin Particles and Relativistic Spectral Integral Equations for Three-Hadron Systems; D-Matrix Method and Partial Wave Analysis of the Meson - Nucleon and Photo - Production Data; Reggeon-Exchange Technique for the Description of the Reactions of Two-Meson Diffractive Production. Analysis of Reactions Pi N; Two Mesons + N; Diquarks and Reduction of Baryon States; Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsHot Theoretical Topics: Harmony of Scattering Amplitudes: From QCD to N = 8 Supergravity (Z Bern); The Measure Problem in Cosmology (R Bousso); Black Holes and Qubits (M J Duff); Perturbative and Non-Perturbative Aspects of N = 8 Supergravity (S Ferrara); The Gravitational S-Matrix: Erice Lectures (S B Giddings); Seminars on Specialized Topics: Direct Evidence of Oscillation from II to III Family Neutrinos (Y Declais); Probing the Small Distance Structure of Canonical Quantum Gravity using the Conformal Group (G 't Hooft); The QGCW Project - Technological Challenges to Study the New World (H Wenninger); Highlights from Laboratories: The LHC and Beyond - Status, Results and Perspectives (R D Heuer); Highlights from FERMILAB (P J Oddone); Anti- and Hypermatter Research at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR (H Stoecker); Highlights from BNL-RHIC (S Vigdor); Highlights from GRAN SASSO (L Votano); Highlights from ISS-AMS (S C C Ting); Special Sessions for New Talents: Four - Qubit Entanglement: Lessons of a Black Hole (L Borsten); A Simple Way to Take into Account Back Reaction on Pair Creation (P Burda); Search for a High - Mass Higgs Boson at the Tevatron (D Gerbaudo); Twisted Strings in Extended Abelian Higgs Model (A Lukacs); Positronium Hyperfine Splitting (A Miyazaki); How I Failed to Find any New Fundamental Particles (M Mulhearn).

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Book SynopsisSearching For the Unexpected At LHC and the Status of Our Knowledge: Proceedings of the International School of Subnuclear Physics 2011Table of ContentsHot Theoretical Topics: Testing Strings at the LHC (I Antoniadis); Entropy Bounds and the Holographic Principle (R Bousso); Quantum Gravity Needs Supersymmetry (S Ferrara and A Marani); Composite Weak Bosons, Leptons and Quarks (H Fritzsch); The Negative β Function: From the Standard Model to Quantum Gravity (G 't Hooft); Effective Actions for High Energy Processes in QCD and in Quantum Gravity (L N Lipatov); Infrared Instability in QCD (P Minkowsky); Notes on Strings and Higher Spins (A Sagnotti); Seminars on Specialized Topics: The Mystery of Neutrino Mixings (G Altarelli); The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) Experiment, in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the Erice School (S C C Ting); The QGCW Project - Technological Challenges to Study the New World (H Wenninger); Highlights from Laboratories: Start Up and First LHC Results (S Bertolucci); From the Discovery of Top to the Higgs Boson Search at Fermilab (D Denisov); Highlights from ALICE (P Giubellino); Highlights from BNL-RHIC (M J Tannenbaum); Highlights from GRAN SASSO (L Votano); Special Sessions for New Talents: On Combinatorial Expansion of the Conformal Blocks Arising from AGT Conjecture (V A Alba); Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter (N E Bomark); Cosmological Constant and Casimir Effect (P Burda); Higher Spins in D=2+1 (A Campoleoni); Gluons for (Almost) Nothing, Gravitons for Free (J J M Carrasco); CP Violation in Charm: A New Method (G Inguglia); Mechanical Resonances in the Read-Out Chambers of the ALICE TPC (M Mager); First Observation of Positronium Hyperfine Splitting Transition - Particle Physics at a Frequency Frontier (A Miyazaki); New Results on Electron Neutrino Appearance in MINOS (M Orchaniam); Measuring sin22θ13 with the Daya Bay Nuclear Reactors (L Wen).

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Book SynopsisThis volume is a compilation of the lectures at TASI 2012, held in Boulder, Colorado, June 2012. The program comprises two parallel lecture series on particle physics and on cosmology. The particle physics lectures covers LHC related experimental techniques, phenomenology, as well as basics in physics beyond the standard model. The cosmology series give a general introduction to modern cosmology with special attention to the topics of dark matter, the microwave background and alternatives to the standard model of cosmology. The lectures are accessible to graduate students at the initial stages of their research careers.Table of ContentsDark Energy Models (Robert R Caldwell); Cosmological Perturbations (J Lesgourges); Implications of the Higgs Boson and the LHC for the MSSM (A Pierce); Astrophysical Probes of Dark Matter (S Profumo); Modified Gravity (F Schmidt); TASI 2012 Lectures on Inflation (L Senatore); Jet Substructure (J Shelton); Introduction to QCD (P Skands); Super-Tricks for Superspace (D Bertolini, J Thaler & Z Thomas).

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Book SynopsisThe Standard Model of elementary particles, although very successful, contains various elements that are put in by hand. Understanding their origin requires going beyond the model and searching for “new physics”. The present book elaborates on one particular proposal concerning such physics. While the original conception is 50 years old, it has not lost its appeal over time. Its basic idea is that space — an arena of events treated in the Standard Model as a classical background — is a concept which emerges from a strictly discrete quantum layer in the limit of large quantum numbers. This book discusses an extension of this view by replacing space with phase space. It combines the results of the author's research papers and places them in much broader philosophical and phenomenological contexts, thus providing further arguments in favor of the proposed alternative. The book should be of interest to the philosophically-minded readers who are willing to contemplate unorthodox ideas on the very nature of the world.Table of ContentsTheories and Physical Reality; Things and Processes; The Quantum - Classical Tension; Space Quantization and Emergent Spacetime; The Standard Model; Current and Constituent Quarks; Low - Energy Hadron Phenomenology; Problem of Mass; Born's Reciprocity; Clifford Algebra of Nonrelativistic Phases Space and Internal Quantum Numbers; The Harari - Shupe Preon Model; Meanings of Compositeness.

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Book SynopsisThe Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture series has become a very successful tradition in Swedish physics since it started in 1988. Theoretical high-energy physics dominates the subjects of the lectures, mirroring one of Klein's own main interests.This single volume is a compilation of the unique lectures previously produced in three separate volumes. The lectures are by world renowned experts in physics who have all contributed to the excitement of the field over the years. They continue to be of value to students and teachers alike.Table of ContentsThe Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture series has become a very successful tradition in Swedish physics since it started in 1988. Theoretical high-energy physics dominates the subjects of the lectures, mirroring one of Klein's own main interests. This volume is a compilation of the unique lectures by world renowned experts in physics who have all contributed to the excitement of the lectures over the years.

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Book SynopsisComing into the 21st century, developments in three major areas of elementary particle physics — the electroweak theory with the Higgs mechanism, quantum chromodynamics, and string theory began to yield more and more concrete and successful results.Seeds of all these developments in contemporary particle physics were sowed by Nambu in prophetic lectures and papers from the 1960s-70s.The discovery of the Higgs-like scalar particle at the Large Hadron Collider in July 2011 was the climax for the idea of spontaneous symmetry breaking that Nambu had laid down at the beginning of the 1960s.In this book, we collect what we consider to be the most prophetic of Nambu's papers for the benefit of current and future generations of particle physicists of the world and made them easily accessible for all. It also contains articles never published before in a book form. This text is not only of historical value but also provides a window to the mind of a man many refer to as “Nambu the seer.”A must-have book for future researchers of elementary particle theory and for those interested in the history of modern physics.Table of ContentsForce Potentials in Quantum Field Theory; On the Nature of V-Particles I and II (with K Nishijima and Y Yamaguchi); Possible Existence of a Heavy Neutral Meson; Quasi-Particle and Gauge Invariance in the Theory of Superconductivity; Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity I (with G Jona-Lasinio); Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity II (with G Jona-Lasinio); Chirality Conservation with Soft Pion Production (with D Lurie); Three-Triplet Model with Double SU(3) Symmetry (with M-Y Han); A Systematics of Hadrons in Subnuclear Physics; Quark Model and Factorization of the Veneziano Amplitude; Duality and Hadrodynamics; Generalized Hamiltonian Dynamics; Three Stages, Three Modes, and Beyond; Some Anomalies Related to Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking; Nobel Lecture, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Particle Physics: A Case of Cross Fertilization.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a brief introduction to the quantum field theory of the Standard Model for quarks and leptons. With minimal use of mathematics, it covers the basics of quantum field theory, local gauge field theory, spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism, the Higgs mechanism and quantum chromodynamics.From the time when the first edition was published until today, the field of particle physics has seen some major break-through with the possible discovery of Higgs particle, also known as the Higgs boson. In the second edition, the famous Higgs mechanism is included to explain the symmetry breaking in the Standard Model and the origin of mass, and all of this is explained in high-school level algebra.Aimed at both scientists and non-specialists, it requires only some rudimentary knowledge of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of Newtonian mechanics as well as a basic understanding of the special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics to enjoy this book.Table of ContentsParticles and Fields I: Dichotomy; Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Dynamics; Canonical Quantization; Particles and Fields II: Duality; Equations for Duality; Electromagnetic Field; Emulation of Light I: Matter Fields; Road Map for Field Quantization; Particles and Fields III: Particles as Quanta of Fields; Emulation of Light II: Interactions; Triumph and Wane; Leptons and Quarks; What is Gauge Field Theory?; The Weak Gauge Fields; The Higgs Mechanism and the Electroweak Gauge Fields; The Higgs Particle; Evolution of the Strong Force; The History of Color SU(3) Symmetry; Quantum Chromodynamics, QCD; Appendices: The Natural Unit System; Notation; Velocity-Dependent Potential; Fourier Decomposition of Field; Mass Units for Particles; Mass-Range Relation.

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Book SynopsisTom Kibble is an inspirational theoretical physicist who has made profound contributions to our understanding of the physical world. To celebrate his 80th birthday a one-day symposium was held on March 13, 2013 at the Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London. This important volume is a compilation of papers based on the presentations that were given at the symposium.The symposium profiled various aspects of Tom's long scientific career. The tenor of the meeting was set in the first talk given by Neil Turok, director of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, who described Tom as “our guru and example”. He gave a modern overview of cosmological theories, including a discussion of Tom's pioneering work on how topological defects might have formed in the early universe during symmetry-breaking phase transitions. Wojciech Zurek of Los Alamos National Laboratory continued with this theme, surveying analogous processes within the context of condensed matter systems and explaining the Kibble-Zurek scaling phenomenon. The day's events were concluded by Jim Virdee of Imperial College, who summarized the epic and successful quest of finding the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. At the end of the talk, there was a standing ovation for Tom that lasted several minutes.In the evening, Steven Weinberg gave a keynote presentation to a capacity audience of 700 people. He talked eruditely on symmetry breaking and its role in elementary particle physics. At the banquet dinner, Frank Close of Oxford University concluded the banquet speeches by summarizing the significance of Tom's contributions to the creation of the Standard Model.Table of ContentsTom Kibble and the Early Universe as the Ultimate High Energy Experiment (Neil Turok); University of Phase Transition Dynamics: Topological Defects From Symmetry Breaking (Adolfo del Campo and Wojciech Zurek); The Quest for the Higgs Boson at the LHC (TejinDer S Virdee); Tom Kibble: Breaking Ground and Breaking Symmetries (Steven Weinberg); Tom Kibble at 80: After Dinner Speech (Frank Close); Publication List (Tom W B Kibble).

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Book SynopsisAs particle accelerators strive forever increasing performance, high intensity particle beams become one of the critical demands requested across the board by a majority of accelerator users (proton, electron and ion) and for most applications. Much effort has been made by our community to pursue high intensity accelerator performance on a number of fronts. Recognizing its importance, we devote this volume to Accelerators for High Intensity Beams. High intensity accelerators have become a frontier and a network for innovation. They are responsible for many scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs that have changed our way of life, often taken for granted. A wide range of topics is covered in the fourteen articles in this volume.Table of ContentsThe High Intensity Frontier of Particle Physics (Robert S Tschirhart); Intensity Frontier of Accelerators for Nuclear Physics (Kenichi Imai); Radioactive Ion Beamsand Radiopharmaceuticals (R E Laxdal, A C Morton and P Schaffer); Spallation Neutron Sources and Accelerator Driven Systems (Stuart D Henderson); Accelerators for Inertial Fusion Energy Production (R O Bangerter, A Faltens and P A Seidl); Particle Beam Radiography (Ken Peachand Carl Ekdahl); Rapid Cycling Synchrotrons and Accumulator Rings for High-Intensity Hadron Beams (Jingyu Tang); Superconducting Hadron Linacs (Peter Ostroumov and Frank Gerigk); Ion Injectors for High Intensity Accelerators (Martin P Stockli and Takahide Nakagawa); Charge Strippers of Heavy Ions for High-Intensity Accelerators (Jerry A. Nolen and Felix Marti); Targets and Secondary Beam Extraction (Etam Noah); High Intensity Neutron Beamlines (Phillip M Bentley, Carsten P Cooper-Jensen and Ken H Andersen); Beam-Materials Interactions (Nikolai V Mokhov); John Adams and CERN: Personal Recollections (G Brianti and D E Plane).

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Book SynopsisTom Kibble is an inspirational theoretical physicist who has made profound contributions to our understanding of the physical world. To celebrate his 80th birthday a one-day symposium was held on March 13, 2013 at the Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London. This important volume is a compilation of papers based on the presentations that were given at the symposium.The symposium profiled various aspects of Tom's long scientific career. The tenor of the meeting was set in the first talk given by Neil Turok, director of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, who described Tom as “our guru and example”. He gave a modern overview of cosmological theories, including a discussion of Tom's pioneering work on how topological defects might have formed in the early universe during symmetry-breaking phase transitions. Wojciech Zurek of Los Alamos National Laboratory continued with this theme, surveying analogous processes within the context of condensed matter systems and explaining the Kibble-Zurek scaling phenomenon. The day's events were concluded by Jim Virdee of Imperial College, who summarized the epic and successful quest of finding the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. At the end of the talk, there was a standing ovation for Tom that lasted several minutes.In the evening, Steven Weinberg gave a keynote presentation to a capacity audience of 700 people. He talked eruditely on symmetry breaking and its role in elementary particle physics. At the banquet dinner, Frank Close of Oxford University concluded the banquet speeches by summarizing the significance of Tom's contributions to the creation of the Standard Model.Table of ContentsTom Kibble and the Early Universe as the Ultimate High Energy Experiment (Neil Turok); University of Phase Transition Dynamics: Topological Defects From Symmetry Breaking (Adolfo del Campo and Wojciech Zurek); The Quest for the Higgs Boson at the LHC (TejinDer S Virdee); Tom Kibble: Breaking Ground and Breaking Symmetries (Steven Weinberg); Tom Kibble at 80: After Dinner Speech (Frank Close); Publication List (Tom W B Kibble).

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Book SynopsisThis proceedings volume, for the symposium in honor of Junwen Wang's 70th anniversary, is dedicated to his many important achievements in the field of accelerator physics.It includes the discussions of recent advances and challenging problems in the field of high gradient accelerating structure development.

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Book SynopsisThe remarkable recent discovery of the Higgs boson at the CERN Large Hadron Collider completed the Standard Model of particle physics and has paved the way for understanding the physics which may lie beyond it. String/M theory has emerged as a broad framework for describing a plethora of diverse physical systems, which includes condensed matter systems, gravitational systems as well as elementary particle physics interactions. If string/M theory is to be considered as a candidate theory of Nature, it must contain an effectively four-dimensional universe among its solutions that is indistinguishable from our own. In these solutions, the extra dimensions of string/M theory are “compactified” on tiny scales which are often comparable to the Planck length. String phenomenology is the branch of string/M theory that studies such solutions, relates their properties to data, and aims to answer many of the outstanding questions of particle physics beyond the Standard Model.This book contains perspectives on string phenomenology from some of the leading experts in the field. Contributions will range from pedagogical general overviews and perspectives to more technical reviews. We hope that the reader will get a sense of the significant progress that has been made in the field in recent years (e.g. in the topic of moduli stabilization) as well as the topics currently being researched, outstanding problems and some perspectives for the future.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgments; What is an Electroon? (M J Perry); The What and Why of Moduli (J Conlon); Perspective on the Weakly Coupled Heterotic String (M K Gaillard); Geography of Fields in Extra Dimensions: String Theory Lessons for Particle Physics (H P Nilles & P K S Vaudrevange); The String Landscape: A Personal Perspective (K R Dienes); Mathematics for String Phenomenology (M R Douglas); The String Theory Landscape (A N Schellekens); Local String Models and Moduli Stabilization (F Quevedo); F-Theory: From Geometry to Phenomenology (S Schaefer-Nameki); Compactified String Theories - Generic Predictions for Particle Physics (P Kumar); How Could (Should) We Make Contact Between String/M Theory and Our Four-Dimensional World? (G Kane); String Cosmology - Large-Field Inflation in String Theory (A Westphal); Dark Energy in String Theory (B Greene & G Shiu); Cosmological SUSY Breaking and the Pyramid Scheme (T Banks);

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Book SynopsisThe book collects a few articles on QCD and heavy quarks by close colleagues and friends of Prof. Dr. Nikolai Uraltsev, who passed away early and unexpectedly in 2013. Nikolai Uraltsev was an excellent theorist and a wonderful friend, and this book is to honor his ground breaking work in fundamental physics, such as CP violation, instantons and renormalons in QCD, and in particular his work on the heavy quark expansion.The book summarizes some aspects of QCD from a special perspective, which is relevant for the applications of QCD in the context of weak interactions. This includes CP violation in hadronic processes as well as the hadronic matrix elements in weak decays. The reader will get insight into the special way of understanding fundamental physics, which was peculiar of our former colleague Nikolai Uraltsev.

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Book SynopsisThe book “Leptons and Quarks” was first published in the early 1980s, when the program of the experimental search for the intermediate bosons W and Z and Higgs boson H was formulated. The aim and scope of the present extended edition of the book, written after the experimental discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, is to reflect the various stages of this 30+ years search. Along with the text of the first edition of “Leptons and Quarks” it contains extracts from a number of books published by World Scientific and an article from “On the concepts of vacuum and mass and the search for higgs” available from www.worldscientific.com/worldscinet/mpla or from arxiv.org/abs/1212.1031.The book is unique in communicating the Electroweak Theory at a basic level and in connecting the concept of Lorenz invariant mass with the concept of the Extended Standard Model, which includes gravitons as the carriers of gravitational interaction.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Structure of Weak Currents; Muon decay; Strangeness-Conserving Leptonic Decays of Hadrons. Properties of the Ud-Current; Leptonic Decays of Pions and Nucleons; Leptonic Decays of K-Mesons and Hyperons; Strangeness-Changing Non-Leptonic Interactions; Phenomenology of Non-Leptonic Interactions; Dynamics of Non-Leptonic Decays of Hyperons; Non-Leptonic Decays of K-Mesons; Neutral K-Mesons in Vacuum and in Matter; Violation of CP Invariance; Decays of the tau-Lepton; Decays of Charmed Particles; Weak Decays b- and t-Quarks; Neutrino-Electron Interactions; Neutrino-Nucleon Interactions; Renormalizability; Gauge Invariance; Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking; Standard Model of the Electroweak Interaction; Neutral Currents; Properties of Intermediate Bosons; Properties of Higgs Bosons; Grand Unification; Superunification; Particles and the Universe; Bibliography; Apendix (Some Useful Formulas); Tables of Experimental Data;

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Book SynopsisThe exploration of the subnuclear world is done through increasingly complex experiments covering a wide range of energy and performed in a large variety of environments ranging from particle accelerators, underground detectors to satellites and the space laboratory. The achievement of these research programs calls for novel techniques, new materials and instrumentation to be used in detectors, often of large scale. Therefore, fundamental physics is at the forefront of technological advance and also leads to many applications. Among these, are the progresses from space experiments whose results allow the understanding of the cosmic environment, of the origin and evolution of the universe after the Big Bang.

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Book SynopsisThis book is the proceedings of the International School of Subnuclear Physics, ISSP 2012, 50th Course — ERICE, 23 June 2013 - 2 July 2012. This course was devoted to the celebrations of the 50th Anniversary of the Subnuclear Physics School which was started in 1961 by Antonino Zichichi with John Bell at CERN and formally established in 1962 by Bell, Blackett, Weisskopf, Rabi and Zichichi in Geneva (CERN). The lectures covered the latest and most significant achievements in theoretical and in experimental subnuclear physics.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides extended versions of the talks given at the memorial Pomeranchuk-100 Conference, June 5-6, held in the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia and the review of the 2013 Pomeranchuk Prize Winner — Mikhail Shifman. It shall provide a broad review of the current status of the research in the high energy physics and astrophysics.Table of ContentsDouglas Approach to Liouville Minimal Gravity (A Belavin and B Mukhametzhanov); Mirror Matter and Other Models for Dark Matter (S Blinnikov); Cosmology: From Pomeranchuk to the Present Day (A Dolgov); Hadron Structure and Elastic Scattering (I Dremin); RG Limit Cycles (K Bulycheva and A Gorsky); Composite Systems in Magnetic Field: From Hadrons to Hydrogen Atom (B Kerbikov); Gravitational Four-Fermion Interaction in the Early Universe (I Khriplovich and A Rudenko); Non-Perturbative Schwinger-Dyson Equations: From BPS/CFT Correspondence to the Novel Symmetries of Quantum Field Theory (N Nekrasov); Understanding Chiral Magnetic Effect (V Shevchenko); A New Method for Solving the Z > 137 Problem and for Determination of Energy Levels of Hydrogen-Like Atoms (V Neznamov and I Safronov); Two-Dimensional Sigma Models Related to Non-Abelian Strings in Super-Yang-Mills (M Shifman and A Yung); Vacuum Structure in 3d Supersymmetric Gauge Theories (A Smilga); Critical Nuclei in a Superstrong Magnetic Field (S Godunov and M Vysotsky); Anomaly and Long-Range Forces (V Kirilin, A Sadofyev and V Zakharov); Localization at Large N (J Russo and K Zarembo);

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Book Synopsis'Harald Fritzsch and Murray Gell-Mann, the two fathers of quantum chromodynamics, look back at the events that led to the discovery, and eventually acceptance, of quarks as constituent particles ... it is always worthwhile to reminisce about those times when theoretical physicists were truly eclectic, these stories are the testimony of a very active era, in which theoretical and experimental discoveries rapidly chased one another ... Of central importance now is the understanding of the composition of our universe, the dark matter and dark energy, the hierarchy of masses and forces, and a consistent quantum framework of unification of all forces of nature, including gravity. The closing contributions of the book put this venture in the context of today's high-energy physics programme, and make a connection to the most popular ideas in high-energy physics today, including supersymmetry, unification and string theory.'CERN CourierToday it is known that the atomic nuclei are composed of smaller constituents, the quarks. A quark is always bound with two other quarks, forming a baryon or with an antiquark, forming a meson. The quark model was first postulated in 1964 by Murray Gell-Mann — who coined the name “quark” from James Joyce's novel Finnegans Wake — and by George Zweig, who then worked at CERN. In the present theory of strong interactions — Quantum Chromodynamics proposed by H Fritzsch and Gell-Mann in 1972 — the forces that bind the quarks together are due to the exchange of eight gluons.On the 50th anniversary of the quark model, this invaluable volume looks back at the developments and achievements in the elementary particle physics that eventuated from that beautiful model. Written by an international team of distinguished physicists, each of whom have made major developments in the field, the volume provides an essential overview of the present state to the academics and researchers.Table of ContentsSU(8) Family Unification with Boson-Fermion Balance (S Adler); QCD and Quarks (H Fritzsch); My Life with Quarks (S L Glashow); Concrete Quarks: The Beginning of the End (G Zweig); On the Way from Sakatons to Quarks (L Okun); and contributions by I Antoniadis, W Bardeen, S Brodsky, R Crewther, C Dominguez, J Ellis, R Field, U Heinz, D Horn, G Kane, M Karliner, M Kobayashi, H Leutwyler, S Meshkov, R Mohapatra, Y Nambu, W Plessas, P Ramond, F Ravndal, M Shifman, S L Wu, Z Z Xing, and T M Yan;

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Book Synopsis'Harald Fritzsch and Murray Gell-Mann, the two fathers of quantum chromodynamics, look back at the events that led to the discovery, and eventually acceptance, of quarks as constituent particles ... it is always worthwhile to reminisce about those times when theoretical physicists were truly eclectic, these stories are the testimony of a very active era, in which theoretical and experimental discoveries rapidly chased one another ... Of central importance now is the understanding of the composition of our universe, the dark matter and dark energy, the hierarchy of masses and forces, and a consistent quantum framework of unification of all forces of nature, including gravity. The closing contributions of the book put this venture in the context of today's high-energy physics programme, and make a connection to the most popular ideas in high-energy physics today, including supersymmetry, unification and string theory.'CERN CourierToday it is known that the atomic nuclei are composed of smaller constituents, the quarks. A quark is always bound with two other quarks, forming a baryon or with an antiquark, forming a meson. The quark model was first postulated in 1964 by Murray Gell-Mann — who coined the name “quark” from James Joyce's novel Finnegans Wake — and by George Zweig, who then worked at CERN. In the present theory of strong interactions — Quantum Chromodynamics proposed by H Fritzsch and Gell-Mann in 1972 — the forces that bind the quarks together are due to the exchange of eight gluons.On the 50th anniversary of the quark model, this invaluable volume looks back at the developments and achievements in the elementary particle physics that eventuated from that beautiful model. Written by an international team of distinguished physicists, each of whom have made major developments in the field, the volume provides an essential overview of the present state to the academics and researchers.Table of ContentsSU(8) Family Unification with Boson-Fermion Balance (S Adler); QCD and Quarks (H Fritzsch); My Life with Quarks (S L Glashow); Concrete Quarks: The Beginning of the End (G Zweig); On the Way from Sakatons to Quarks (L Okun); and contributions by I Antoniadis, W Bardeen, S Brodsky, R Crewther, C Dominguez, J Ellis, R Field, U Heinz, D Horn, G Kane, M Karliner, M Kobayashi, H Leutwyler, S Meshkov, R Mohapatra, Y Nambu, W Plessas, P Ramond, F Ravndal, M Shifman, S L Wu, Z Z Xing, and T M Yan;

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Book SynopsisThis informative and entertaining book provides a broad look at the fascinating history of CERN, and the physicists working in different areas at CERN who were active in the discovery of the Higgs Boson. Profound and well-structured, the contents combine present day interviews with the scientists of CERN, the world's largest laboratory dedicated to the pursuit of fundamental science, with important figures in the history of science (e.g., Maxwell, Faraday, Einstein), and also gives a lot of information on the history of quantum mechanics and the history of physics from its beginnings.It is an easy-to-read book on a complex topic, providing a very personal insight into the personalities of top scientists and the history of science as well. This invaluable book will capture the interest of the curious reader, telling the story of one of the greatest scientific endeavors ever.Table of ContentsHistory of CERN, from 1954 until today; Interviews with scientists of CERN: Rolf-Dieter Heuer (CERN Director General), Carlo Rubbia (Nobel Laureate in Physics, 1984), John Ellis (CERN Theory Division), Tejinder Virdee (CMS Experiment), Lyn Evans (LHC Project Leader), et al.; Vignettes about the history of physics, quantum mechanics, and portraits of the key figures in the history of physical science (Democritos, Copernicus, Galilei, Faraday, Maxwell, Einstein, et al.);

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Book SynopsisThe remarkable recent discovery of the Higgs boson at the CERN Large Hadron Collider completed the Standard Model of particle physics and has paved the way for understanding the physics which may lie beyond it. String/M theory has emerged as a broad framework for describing a plethora of diverse physical systems, which includes condensed matter systems, gravitational systems as well as elementary particle physics interactions. If string/M theory is to be considered as a candidate theory of Nature, it must contain an effectively four-dimensional universe among its solutions that is indistinguishable from our own. In these solutions, the extra dimensions of string/M theory are “compactified” on tiny scales which are often comparable to the Planck length. String phenomenology is the branch of string/M theory that studies such solutions, relates their properties to data, and aims to answer many of the outstanding questions of particle physics beyond the Standard Model.This book contains perspectives on string phenomenology from some of the leading experts in the field. Contributions will range from pedagogical general overviews and perspectives to more technical reviews. We hope that the reader will get a sense of the significant progress that has been made in the field in recent years (e.g. in the topic of moduli stabilization) as well as the topics currently being researched, outstanding problems and some perspectives for the future.

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Book SynopsisThe book is a compilation of the most important experimental results achieved during the past 60 years at CERN - from the mid-1950s to the latest discovery of the Higgs particle. Covering the results from the early accelerators at CERN to those most recent at the LHC, the contents provide an excellent review of the achievements of this outstanding laboratory. Not only presented is the impressive scientific progress achieved during the past six decades, but also demonstrated is the special way in which successful international collaboration exists at CERN.Table of ContentsThe Discovery of the Higgs Boson at the LHC (Peter Jenni & Tejinder Singh Virdee, FRS); Precision Physics with Heavy-Flavoured Hadrons (Patrick Koppenburg & Vincenzo Vagnoni); Towards the Limits of Matter: Ultra-relativisic Nuclear Collisions at CERN (Jurgen Schukraft and Reinhard Stock); Determining the Number of Neutrinos at LEP (Salvatore Mele); Precision Experiments at LEP (Wim de Boer); The Discovery of the W and Z Particles (Carlo Rubbia); The Discovery of Weak Neutral Currents (Dieter Haidt); Highlights of Neutrino Experiments at High Energies (Wolf-Dieter Schlatter); The Discovery of Direct CP Violation (Lydia Fayard and Daniel Fournier); Study of Discrete Symmetries and Basic Principles with Neutral (Kaons Thomas Ruf); An ISR Discovery: The Rise of the Proton-Proton Cross-Section (Ugo Amaldi); Studies of the Nucleon Structure with Polarised Beams and Targets (Rudiger Voss and Gerhard Mallot); Revealing Partons in Hadrons: From the ISR to the SPS Collider (Pierre Darriulat and Luigi Di Lella); Studies of the Antiproton, Anti-hydrogen and Other Exotic Atoms (Michael Doser); Muon g-2 Measurements at CERN (Francis Farley, FRS); CERN Discoveries: Rare Pion Decays at the Synchrocyclotron (Giuseppe Fidecaro); Highlights of Experiments with Low Energy Radioactive Beams (K Blaum, M J G Borge, B Jonson and P Van Duppen);

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Book SynopsisIn 1981 Mary K Gaillard became the first woman on the physics faculty at the University of California at Berkeley. Her career as a theoretical physicist spanned the period from the inception — in the late 1960s and early 1970s — of what is now known as the Standard Model of particle physics and its experimental confirmation, culminating with the discovery of the Higgs particle in 2012. A Singularly Unfeminine Profession recounts Gaillard's experiences as a woman in a very male-dominated field, while tracing the development of the Standard Model as she witnessed it and participated in it. The generally nurturing environment of her childhood and college years, as well as experiences as an undergraduate in particle physics laboratories and as a graduate student at Columbia University — which cemented her passion for particle physics — left her unprepared for the difficulties that she confronted as a second year graduate student in Paris, and later at CERN, another particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland. The development of the Standard Model, as well as attempts to go beyond it and aspects of early universe physics, are described through the lens of Gaillard's own work, in a language written for a lay audience.Table of ContentsBeginnings; Hollins and Paris; Brookhaven and Columbia; Paris Again: The Worst Year; CERN; Fermilab: Charm, the Delta I=1/2 Rule, Search for Charm; CERN Again: The Higgs Particle, Gluon Jets, Bottom Quarks, Penguins and GUTs; Unrest in Annecy: SuperGUTS; Returning; My Survival Mechanism; Afterlife: Physics at the TeV Scale, Physics at the Planck Scale; Reflections;

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to present the history and developments of particle physics from the introduction of the notion of particles by the Ionian school until the discovery of the Higgs boson at LHC in 2012. Neutrino experiments and particle accelerators where different particles have been discovered are reviewed. In particular, details about the CERN accelerators are presented. This book also discusses the future developments of the field and the work to popularize high energy physics. A short presentation of some features of astrophysics and its connection to particle physics is also included. At the end of the book, some useful tools in the research of particle physics are given for the advanced readers.Table of ContentsGeneral Introduction; Modern Theories of Forces; Higgs Boson and Beyond; Experiments to Go Back in Time; Fundamental Researches and Society; Epilogue; Useful Tools for Advanced Readers;

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to present the history and developments of particle physics from the introduction of the notion of particles by the Ionian school until the discovery of the Higgs boson at LHC in 2012. Neutrino experiments and particle accelerators where different particles have been discovered are reviewed. In particular, details about the CERN accelerators are presented. This book also discusses the future developments of the field and the work to popularize high energy physics. A short presentation of some features of astrophysics and its connection to particle physics is also included. At the end of the book, some useful tools in the research of particle physics are given for the advanced readers.Table of ContentsGeneral Introduction; Modern Theories of Forces; Higgs Boson and Beyond; Experiments to Go Back in Time; Fundamental Researches and Society; Epilogue; Useful Tools for Advanced Readers;

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Book SynopsisThe idea of colliding two particle beams to fully exploit the energy of accelerated particles was first proposed by Rolf Wideröe, who in 1943 applied for a patent on the collider concept and was awarded the patent in 1953. The first three colliders — AdA in Italy, CBX in the US, and VEP-1 in the then Soviet Union — came to operation about 50 years ago in the mid-1960s. A number of other colliders followed.Over the past decades, colliders defined the energy frontier in particle physics. Different types of colliers — proton-proton, proton-antiproton, electron-positron, electron-proton, electron-ion and ion-ion colliders — have played complementary roles in fully mapping out the constituents and forces in the Standard Model (SM). We are now at a point where all predicted SM constituents of matter and forces have been found, and all the latest ones were found at colliders. Colliders also play a critical role in advancing beam physics, accelerator research and technology development. It is timely that RAST Volume 7 is dedicated to Colliders.Table of ContentsHigh Energy Colliding Beams: What Is Their Future? (Burton Richter); Proton-Proton and Proton-Antiproton Colliders (Walter Scandale); Electron-Positron Circular Colliders (Katsunobu Oide); Ion Colliders (Wolfram Fischer and John M Jowett); Electron-Proton and Electron-Ion Colliders (Ilan Ben-zvi and Vadim Ptitsyn); Linear Colliders (Akira Yamamoto and Kaoru Yokoya); Muon Collider (Robert B Palmer); Photon Collider (Jeffrey Gronberg); Collider Beam Physics (Frank Zimmermann); Collision Technologies for Circular Colliders (Eugene Levichev); Andy Sessler, a Full Life of an Accelerator Physicist (Kwang-Je Kim, Rober, Budnitz and Herman Winick);

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Book SynopsisThe book aims to explain the historical development of particle physics, with special emphasis on CERN and collider physics. It describes in detail the LHC accelerator and its detectors, describing the science involved as well as the sociology of big collaborations, culminating with the discovery of the Higgs boson. Readers are led step-by-step to understanding why we do particle physics, as well as the tools and problems involved in the field. It provides an insider's view on the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider.Table of ContentsThe LHC in a Snapshot; The Main Design Ideas of the Accelerator; A Matter of Cooling; Small Historical Summary: Before Particle Physics; The Beginning of the Particle Century; Relativity: A Short Encounter with Einstein; The Strange Quantum World: Particles, Waves and Uncertainties; What is Antimatter?; The Particle Zoo; They are Neutral, They are Small: Let's Call Them Neutrinos; Some Order in the Zoo and Force Unification; Let's Break the Symmetry with the Higgs Boson; Searching for New Physics; A Short Story of CERN; Main Principles of Particle Detectors; The LHC Detectors; What are We Searching for in the World's Largest Collider?; How Data Collected at the LHC are Analysed; The Higgs Boson Discovery; The Computing Infrastructure and Technological Spinoffs; The Human Aspects of the Big Collider; The Experience of Some LHC Physicists; What About the Next Large Collider?;

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Book SynopsisThese proceedings are devoted to a wide variety of items, both in theory and experiment, of particle physics such as neutrino and astroparticle physics, tests of the standard model and beyond, and hadron physics. Also covered are gravitation and cosmology, and physics from present and future accelerators.Table of ContentsNeutrino Physics; Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology; Physics at Accelerators and Studies in SM and Beyond; Hadron Physics; CP Violation and Rare Decays; New Developments in Quantum Field Theory;

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Book SynopsisThis is the fifth volume in the series on the subject of quark-gluon plasma, a unique phase created in heavy-ion collisions at high energy. It contains review articles by the world experts on various aspects of quark-gluon plasma taking into account the advances driven by the latest experimental data collected at both the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The articles are pedagogical and comprehensive which can be helpful for both new researchers entering the field as well as the experienced physicists working on the subject.Table of ContentsLattice QCD at Finite Temperature and Density (H T Ding and F Karsch); Hydrodynamics for Heavy-Ion Collisions (U Heinz and S Jeon); Jet Energy Loss (J P Blaizot and Y Mehtar-Tani); Applications of AdS/CFT to Heavy-Ion Collisions (P Chesler and W van der Schee); Initial State and Thermalization in the Color Glass Condensate Framework (F Gelis); Parton Energy Loss and pT Broadening at NLO in Thermal QCD (D Teaney and J Ghiglieri); Quarkonium Production (P F Zhuang); Jet Quenching in Heavy-Ion Collisions (G Y Qin and X N Wang);

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Book SynopsisThis unique volume presents an original approach to physical acoustics with additional emphasis on the most useful surface acoustic waves on solids. The study is based on foundational work of Léon Brillouin, and application of the celebrated invariance theorem of Emmy Noether to an element of volume that is representative of the wave motion.This approach provides an easy interpretation of typical wave motions of physical acoustics in bulk, at surfaces, and across interfaces, in the form of the motion of associated quasi-particles. This type of motion, Newtonian or not, depends on the wave motion considered, and on the original modeling of the continuum that supports it. After a thoughtful review of Brillouin's fundamental ideas related to radiative stresses, wave momentum and action, and the necessary reminder on modern nonlinear continuum thermomechanics, invariance theory and techniques of asymptotics, a variety of situations and models illustrates the power and richness of the approach and its strong potential in applications. Elasticity, piezoelectricity and new models of continua with nonlinearity, viscosity and some generalized features (microstructure, weak or strong nonlocality) or unusual situations (bounding surface with energy, elastic thin film glued on a surface waveguide), are considered, exhibiting thus the versatility of the approach.This original book offers an innovative vision and treatment of the problems of wave propagation in deformable solids. It opens up new horizons in the theoretical and applied facets of physical acoustics.Table of ContentsWave Momentum and Radiative Stresses; Continuum Mechanics; Pseudomomentum and Eshelby Stress; Action, Phonons and Wave Mechanics; Transmission-Reflection Problems; Dynamic Materials; Elastic Surface Waves in Terms of Quasi-Particles; Electroelastic Waves in Terms of Quasi-Particles; Generalized Elastic Materials; Examples of Solitonic Systems;

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a broad introduction to the physics and technology of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This new configuration of the LHC is one of the major accelerator projects for the next 20 years and will give new life to the LHC after its first 15-year operation. Not only will it allow more precise measurements of the Higgs boson and of any new particles that might be discovered in the next LHC run, but also extend the mass limit reach for detecting new particles. The HL-LHC is based on the innovative accelerator magnet technologies capable of generating 11-13 Tesla fields, with effectiveness enhanced by use of the new Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing scheme, and other state-of-the-art accelerator technologies, such as superconducting compact RF crab cavities, advanced collimation concepts, and novel power technology based on high temperature superconducting links.The book consists of a series of chapters touching on all issues of technology and design, and each chapter can be read independently. The first few chapters give a summary of the whole project, of the physics motivation and of the accelerator challenges. The subsequent chapters cover the novel technologies, the new configurations of LHC and of its injectors as well as the expected operational implications. Altogether, the book brings the reader to the heart of technologies for the leading edge accelerator and gives insights into next generation hadron colliders.Table of ContentsHigh Luminosity LHC Project Short Description; Physics Case of High Luminosity; ATS and Other Physics Challenges for High Intensity Beams in High Energy Colliders; High Field Superconducting Magnets; Superconducting Crab Cavity; Advanced Collimators; High Radiation Environment; Injector Chain; High Intensity Ions Beams; High Brightness Beam Injection and Extraction; Advanced Beam Diagnostics and Halo Monitor; Interface Collider-Experiments;

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Book SynopsisProceedings of the 51st Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics on 'Reflections on the next step for LHC', Erice, 24 June - 3 July 2013.Table of ContentsHot Theoretical Topics: Mass Hierarchy and Physics Beyond the Standard Model (I Antoniadis); Status of the Perturbative Approach to Supergravity (Z Bern); The Pedagogic Higgs - or Somebody's - Boson (F Close); Magic Supergravity from Squaring Yang Mills (M J Duff); Electric-Magnetic Duality and Supersymmetry (S Ferrara); Composite Weak Bosons at the LHC (H Fritzsch); Gauge Forces: From QCD to Quantum Gravity (L N Lipatov); Embedding Oscillatory Modes of Quarks for Baryons in QCD (P Minkowsky); Inflation and Quantum Origin of Structure in the Universe (V Mukhanov); No-Scale Supergravity in the Light of LHC and Planck (D V Nanopoulos); New Symmetries of N=4 Supersymmetric Gauge Theories (E Sokatchev); Three Erice Lectures (G 't Hooft); Hot Experimental Topics: Highlights from ATLAS - ALICE - CMS (S Bertolucci); Status of the Gran Sasso Laboratory (F Ferroni); Highlights from ALICE (P Giubellino); Planck Highlights (A Riazuelo); Latest Results from BNL and RHIC (M J Tannenbaum); Seminars On Specialized Topics: Status of the Three Neutrinos (A Bettini); What is the Ontological Status of the Higgs Particle? (T Y Cao); Roadmap at the LHC to the Higgs Boson and Beyond (P Jenni); New Spectroscopy with Charm and Beauty Multiquarks States (L Majani); Present Status of the EMC effect (K Rith); Reflections on the next Step for LHC (H Wenninger); The Problem of (CPT) Invariance in Experimental Physics and the Time of Flight (TOF) World Record (A Zichichi); Advances in Fast Timing up to 16 ps (K Doroud, M C S Williams, A Zichichi);

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a broad introduction to the physics and technology of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This new configuration of the LHC is one of the major accelerator projects for the next 20 years and will give new life to the LHC after its first 15-year operation. Not only will it allow more precise measurements of the Higgs boson and of any new particles that might be discovered in the next LHC run, but also extend the mass limit reach for detecting new particles. The HL-LHC is based on the innovative accelerator magnet technologies capable of generating 11-13 Tesla fields, with effectiveness enhanced by use of the new Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing scheme, and other state-of-the-art accelerator technologies, such as superconducting compact RF crab cavities, advanced collimation concepts, and novel power technology based on high temperature superconducting links.The book consists of a series of chapters touching on all issues of technology and design, and each chapter can be read independently. The first few chapters give a summary of the whole project, of the physics motivation and of the accelerator challenges. The subsequent chapters cover the novel technologies, the new configurations of LHC and of its injectors as well as the expected operational implications. Altogether, the book brings the reader to the heart of technologies for the leading edge accelerator and gives insights into next generation hadron colliders.Table of ContentsHigh Luminosity LHC Project Short Description; Physics Case of High Luminosity; ATS and Other Physics Challenges for High Intensity Beams in High Energy Colliders; High Field Superconducting Magnets; Superconducting Crab Cavity; Advanced Collimators; High Radiation Environment; Injector Chain; High Intensity Ions Beams; High Brightness Beam Injection and Extraction; Advanced Beam Diagnostics and Halo Monitor; Interface Collider-Experiments;

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