Particle and high-energy physics Books

Book SynopsisMotivates students by challenging them with real-life applications of the somtimes esoteric aspects of quantum mechanics that they are learning. Offers completely original excerices developed at teh Ecole Polytechnique in France, which is know for its innovative and original teaching methods. Problems from modern physics to help the student apply just-learnt theory to fields such as molecular physics, condensed matter physics or laser physics.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "This problem based textbook is a concise and particularly useful reference of quantum mechanics as used in a large range of modern applications in physics. … At the end of each section worked solutions, references and general comments are given … . this book of problems would be very useful for any physics departmental, or indeed individual research group, library. Highly recommended." (Lloyd C L Hollenberg, Australian Physics, Vol. 32 (6), 2007)Table of ContentsElementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms.- Neutrino Oscillations.- Summary of Quantum Mechanics.- Quantum Entanglement and Measurement.- The EPR Problem and Bell’s Inequality.- Complex Systems.- Exact Results for the Three-Body Problem.- Atomic Clocks.- Neutron Interferometry.- Spectroscopic Measurement on a Neutron Beam.- Analysis of a Stern-Gerlach Experiment.- Measuring the Electron Magnetic Moment Anomaly.- Decay of a Tritium Atom.- The Spectrum of Positronium.- The Hydrogen Atom in Crossed Fields.- Energy Loss of Ions in Matter.- Schrödinger’s Cat.- Quantum Cryptography.- Direct Observation of Field Quantization.- Ideal Quantum Measurement.- The Quantum Eraser.- A Quantum Thermometer.- Properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate.- Magnetic Excitons.- A Quantum Box.- Colored Molecular Ions.- Hyperfine Structure in Electron Spin Resonance.- Probing Matter with Positive Muons.- Quantum Reflection of Atoms from a Surface.- Laser Cooling and Trapping.- Bloch Oscillations.

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Book SynopsisThe goal of the book is to summarize those methods for evaluating Feynman integrals that have been developed over a span of more than fifty years. The book characterizes the most powerful methods and illustrates them with numerous examples starting from very simple ones and progressing to nontrivial examples. The book demonstrates how to choose adequate methods and combine evaluation methods in a non-trivial way. The most powerful methods are characterized and then illustrated through numerous examples. This is an updated textbook version of the previous book (Evaluating Feynman integrals, STMP 211) of the author.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "The book is based on the courses of lectures given by the author in the two winter semesters of 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 at the University of Hamburg as a DFG Mercator professor in Hamburg as well as on the course given in 2003-2004 at the University of Karlsruhe. It will be useful for postgraduate students and theoretical physicists specializing in quantum field theory." (Michael B. Mensky, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1111 (8), 2007)Table of ContentsFeynman Integrals: Basic Definitions and Tools.- Evaluating by Alpha and Feynman Parameters.- Evaluating by MB Representation.- IBP and Reduction to Master Integrals.- Reduction to Master Integrals by Baikov’s Method.- Evaluation by Differential Equations.- Tables.- Some Special Functions.- Summation Formulae.- Table of MB Integrals.- Analysis of Convergence and Sector Decompositions.- A Brief Review of Some Other Methods.- Applying Gröbner Bases to Solve IBP Relations.- Solutions.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a new edition of Volumes 3 and 4 of Walter Thirring’s famous textbook on mathematical physics. The first part is devoted to quantum mechanics and especially to its applications to scattering theory, atoms and molecules. The second part deals with quantum statistical mechanics examining fundamental concepts like entropy, ergodicity and thermodynamic functions.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "Just as the general theory of relativity leads to many new mathematical advances and applications, the same is true of quantum mechanics. It is these mathematical advances that are the topic of this extensive volume, a volume which also delineates how these advances made possible the difficult transition from understanding hydrogen to understanding complex atoms, molecules, and ‘large systems’. As such this volume will serve as an excellent source book for the mathematical basis of the many recent advances in quantum mechanics. It will also serve as an excellent text book for an advanced course in either quantum physics or applied mathematics." (Physicalia, 25/3, 2003) "This work is written uncompromisingly for the mathematical physicist … . Thirring writes concisely but with a clarity that makes the book easy to read. … There are extensive bibliographies, with references mostly to articles in journals … . There are copious problems and–even better-all the solutions. … the volume would make a valuable addition to the library of … a mathematical physicist." (Prof. A.I. Solomon, Contemporary Physics, Vol. 46 (4), 2005) "This volume will serve as an excellent source book for the mathematical basis of the many recent advances in quantum mechanics. It will also serve as an excellent textbook … . Each chapter is chock full of mathematical derivations and proofs but perhaps the most interesting part of each proof is the following section entitled ‘Remarks’ sections which are full of interesting details, ideas, drawbacks, comments, and references. … As is usually the case with Springer-Verlag, this book has been beautifully produced … ." (Fernande Grandjean and Gary J. Long, Physicalia, Vol. 25 (3), 2003)Table of ContentsI Quantum Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Mathematical Formulation of Quantum Mechanics.- 3 Quantum Dynamics.- 4 Atomic Systems.- II Quantum Mechanics of Large Systems.- 1 Systems with Many Particles.- 2 Thermostatics.- 3 Thermodynamics.- 4 Physical Systems.- Bibliography to Part I.- Bibliography to Part II.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first of a two-volume presentation on current research problems in quantum optics, and will serve as a standard reference in the field for many years to come. The book provides an introduction to the methods of quantum statistical mechanics used in quantum optics and their application to the quantum theories of the single-mode laser and optical bistability. The generalized representations of Drummond and Gardiner are discussed together with the more standard methods for deriving Fokker-Planck equations.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews"To sum up: Statistical Methods in Quantum Optics 1 is an excellent book. Try it, you'll like it!" (M.O. Scully, Physics Today, 2000)"The book is carefully written, in considerable detail, paying attention to both foundations and applications. It contains exercices completing or generalizing the material presented, and ample references to the literature. It is, therefore, very useful as the basis for a course." (V.R. Vieira, Mathematical Reviews, 2000f) PHYSICS TODAY"…a valuable addition to the literature…an excellent book. Try it, you’ll like it!” "It is a pleasure to recommend this title thoroughly for both individual and institutional purchase." (D. L. Andrews (University of Anglia), Contemporary Physics 2002, vol. 43, page 232-233)Table of Contents1. Dissipation in Quantum Mechanics: The Master Equation Approach.- 2. Two-Level Atoms and Spontaneous Emission.- 3. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for the Electromagnetic Field I: The Glauber—Sudarshan P Representation.- 4. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for the Electromagnetic Field II: P, Q, and Wigner Representations.- 5. Fokker—Planck Equations and Stochastic Differential Equations.- 6. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for Two-Level Atoms.- 7. The Single-Mode Homogeneously Broadened Laser I: Preliminaries.- 8. The Single-Mode Homogeneously Broadened Laser II: Phase-Space Analysis.- References.

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Book SynopsisThe new edition provided the opportunity of adding a new chapter entitled "Principles and Lessons of Quantum Physics". It was a tempting challenge to try to sharpen the points at issue in the long lasting debate on the Copenhagen Spirit, to assess the significance of various arguments from our present vantage point, seventy years after the advent of quantum theory, where, after ali, some problems appear in a different light. It includes a section on the assumptions leading to the specific mathematical formalism of quantum theory and a section entitled "The evolutionary picture" describing my personal conclusions. Alto­ gether the discussion suggests that the conventional language is too narrow and that neither the mathematical nor the conceptual structure are built for eter­ nity. Future theories will demand radical changes though not in the direction of a return to determinism. Essential lessons taught by Bohr will persist. This chapter is essentially self-contained. Some new material has been added in the last chapter. It concerns the char­ acterization of specific theories within the general frame and recent progress in quantum field theory on curved space-time manifolds. A few pages on renor­ malization have been added in Chapter II and some effort has been invested in the search for mistakes and unclear passages in the first edition. The central objective of the book, expressed in the title "Local Quantum Physics", is the synthesis between special relativity and quantum theory to­ gether with a few other principles of general nature.Trade Review"Indeed, both the expert in the field and the novice will enjoy Haags insightful exposition... This (superb) book is bound to occupy a place on a par with other classics in the mathematical physics literature." Physics Today "...enjoyable reading to anybody interested in the development of fundamental physical theories." Zentralblatt f. MathematikTable of ContentsI. Background.- 1. Quantum Mechanics.- Basic concepts, mathematical structure, physical interpretation..- 2. The Principle of Locality in Classical Physics and the Relativity Theories.- Faraday’s vision. Fields..- 2.1 Special relativity. Poincaré group. Lorentz group. Spinors. Conformal group..- 2.2 Maxwell theory..- 2.3 General relativity..- 3. Poincaré Invariant Quantum Theory.- 3.1 Geometric symmetries in quantum physics. Projective representations and the covering group..- 3.2 Wigner’s analysis of irreducible, unitary representations of the Poincare group. 3.3 Single particle states. Spin..- 3.4 Many particle states: Bose-Fermi alternative, Fock space, creation operators. Separation of CM-motion..- 4. Action Principle.- Lagrangean. Double rôle of physical quantities. Peierls’ direct definition of Poisson brackets. Relation between local conservation laws and symmetries..- 5. Basic Quantum Field Theory.- 5.1 Canonical quantization..- 5.2 Fields and particles..- 5.3 Free fields..- 5.4 The Maxwell-Dirac system. Gauge invariance..- 5.5 Processes..- II. General Quantum Field Theory.- 1. Mathematical Considerations and General Postulates.- 1.1 The representation problem..- 1.2 Wightman axioms..- 2. Hierarchies of Functions.- 2.1 Wightman functions, reconstruction theorem, analyticity in x-space..- 2.2 Truncated functions, clustering. Generating functionals and linked cluster theorem..- 2.3 Time ordered functions..- 2.4 Covariant perturbation theory, Feynman diagrams. Renormalization..- 2.5 Vertex functions and structure analysis..- 2.6 Retarded functions and analyticity in p-space..- 2.7 Schwinger functions and Osterwalder-Schrader theorem..- 3. Physical Interpretation in Terms of Particles.- 3.1 The particle picture: Asymptotic particle configurations and collision theory..- 3.2 Asymptotic fields. S-matrix..- 3.3 LSZ-formalism..- 4. General Collision Theory.- 4.1 Polynomial algebras of fields. Almost local operators..- 4.2 Construction of asymptotic particle states..- 4.3. Coincidence arrangements of detectors..- 4.4 Generalized LSZ-formalism..- 5. Some Consequences of the Postulates.- 5.1 CPT-operator. Spin-statistics theorem. CPT-theorem..- 5.2 Analyticity of the S-matrix..- 5.3 Reeh-Schlieder theorem..- 5.4 Additivity of the energy-momentum-spectrum..- 5.5 Borchers classes..- III. Algebras of Local Observables and Fields.- 1. Review of the Perspective.- Characterization of the theory by a net of local algebras. Bounded operators. Unobservable fields, superselection rules and the net of abstract algebras of observables. Transcription of the basic postulates..- 2. Von Neumann Algebras. C*-Algebras. W*-Algebras.- 2.1 Algebras of bounded operators. Concrete C*-algebras and von Neumann algebras. Isomorphisms. Reduction. Factors. Classification of factors..- 2.2 Abstract algebras and their representations. Abstract C*-algebras. Relation between the C*-norm and the spectrum. Positive linear forms and states. The GNS-construction. Folia of states. Intertwiners. Primary states and cluster property. Purification. W*-algebras..- 3. The Net of Algebras of Local Observables.- 3.1 Smoothness and integration. Local definiteness and local normality..- 3.2 Symmetries and symmetry breaking. Vacuum states. The spectral ideals..- 3.3 Summary of the structure..- 4. The Vacuum Sector.- 4.1 The orthocomplemented lattice of causally complete regions..- 4.2 The net of von Neumann algebras in the vacuum representation..- IV. Charges, Global Gauge Groups and Exchange Symmetry.- 1. Charge Superselection Sectors.- “Strange statistics”. Charges. Selection criteria for relevant sectors. The program and survey of results..- 2. The DHR-Analysis.- 2.1 Localized morphisms..- 2.2 Intertwiners and exchange symmetry (“Statistics”)..- 2.3 Charge conjugation, statistics parameter..- 2.4 Covariant sectors and energy-momentum spectrum..- 2.5 Fields and collision theory..- 3. The Buchholz-Fredenhagen-Analysis.- 3.1 Localized 1-particle states..- 3.2 BF-topological charges..- 3.3 Composition of sectors and exchange symmetry..- 3.4 Charge conjugation and the absence of “infinite statistics”..- 4. Global Gauge Group and Charge Carrying Fields.- Implementation of endomorphisms. Charges with d = 1. Endomorphisms and non Abelian gauge group. DR categories and the embedding theorem..- 5. Low Dimensional Space-Time and Braid Group Statistics.- Statistics operator and braid group representations. The 2+1-dimensional case with BF-charges. Statistics parameter and Jones index..- V. Thermal States and Modular Automorphisms.- 1. Gibbs Ensembles, Thermodynamic Limit, KMS-Condition.- 1.1 Introduction..- 1.2 Equivalence of KMS-condition to Gibbs ensembles for finite volume..- 1.3 The arguments for Gibbs ensembles..- 1.4 The representation induced by a KMS-state..- 1.5 Phases, symmetry breaking and the decomposition of KMS-states..- 1.6 Variational principles and autocorrelation inequalities..- 2. Modular Automorphisms and Modular Conjugation.- 2.1 The Tomita-Takesaki theorem..- 2.2 Vector representatives of states. Convex cones in H..- 2.3 Relative modular operators and Radon-Nikodym derivatives..- 2.4 Classification of factors..- 3. Direct Characterization of Equilibrium States.- 3.1 Introduction..- 3.2 Stability..- 3.3 Passivity..- 3.4 Chemical potential..- 4. Modular Automorphisms of Local Algebras.- 4.1 The Bisognano-Wichmann theorem..- 4.2 Conformal invariance and the theorem of Hislop and Longo..- 5. Phase Space, Nuclearity, Split Property, Local Equilibrium.- 5.1 Introduction..- 5.2 Nuclearity and split property..- 5.3 Open subsystems..- 5.4 Modular nuclearity..- 6. The Universal Type of Local Algebras.- VI. Particles. Completeness of the Particle Picture.- 1. Detectors, Coincidence Arrangements, Cross Sections.- 1.1 Generalities..- 1.2 Asymptotic particle configurations. Buchholz’s strategy..- 2. The Particle Content.- 2.1 Particles and infraparticles..- 2.2 Single particle weights and their decomposition..- 2.3 Remarks on the particle picture and its completeness..- 3. The Physical State Space of Quantum Electrodynamics.- VII. Principles and Lessons of Quantum Physics. A Review of Interpretations, Mathematical Formalism and Perspectives.- 1. The Copenhagen Spirit. Criticisms, Elaborations.- Niels Bohr’s epistemological considerations. Realism. Physical systems and the division problem. Persistent non-classical correlations. Collective coordinates, decoherence and the classical approximation. Measurements. Correspondence and quantization. Time reflection asymmetry of statistical conclusions..- 2. The Mathematical Formalism.- Operational assumptions. “Quantum Logic”. Convex cones..- 3. The Evolutionary Picture.- Events, causal links and their attributes. Irreversibility. The EPR-effect. Ensembles vs. individuals. Decisions. Comparison with standard procedure..- VIII. Retrospective and Outlook.- 1. Algebraic Approach vs. Euclidean Quantum Field Theory.- 2. Supersymmetry.- 3. The Challenge from General Relativity.- 3.1 Introduction..- 3.2 Quantum field theory in curved space-time..- 3.3 Hawking temperature and Hawking radiation..- 3.4 A few remarks on quantum gravity..- Author Index and References.

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Book SynopsisThis second volume of Howard Carmichael’s work continues the development of the methods used in quantum optics to treat open quantum systems and their fluctuations. Its early chapters build upon the phase-space methods introduced in Volume 1. Written on a level suitable for debut researchers or students in an advanced course in quantum optics, or a course in quantum mechanics or statistical physics that deals with open quantum systems.Table of ContentsThe Degenerate Parametric OscillatorI: Squeezed States.- The Degenerate Parametric OscillatorII: Phase-Space Analysisinthe Small-Noise Limit.- The PositiveP Representation.- The Degenerate Parametric OscillatorIII: Phase-Space Analysis Outside the Small-Noise Limit.- Cavity QED I: Simple Calculations.- Many Atoms in a Cavity: Macroscopic Theory.- Many Atoms in a Cavity II: Quantum Fluctuations in the Small-Noise Limit.- Cavity QED II: Quantum Fluctuations.- Quantum Trajectories I: Background and Interpretation.- Quantum Trajectories II: The Degenerate Parametric Oscillator.- Quantum Trajectories III: More Examples.

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Book SynopsisThe Problem Book in Quantum Field Theory contains about 200 problems with solutions or hints that help students to improve their understanding and develop skills necessary for pursuing the subject. It deals with the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, classical field theory, canonical quantization of scalar, Dirac and electromagnetic fields, the processes in the lowest order of perturbation theory, renormalization and regularization. The solutions are presented in a systematic and complete manner. The material covered and the level of exposition make the book appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students in physics, as well as for teachers and researchers.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "There is, as the author of this book points out, a shortage of books of problems on quantum field theory. This one is based on exercises set to undergraduate and graduate students of the University of Belgrade. There are 64 pages of problems and the solutions occupy a further 171 pages. There is a bibliography and an index. … The book would serve well to accompany an introductory course on QFT." (Lewis H. Ryder, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2007 c) "The book provides the reader with about 200 problems on different topics in quantum field theory … . The material covered and the level of exposition make the book typically appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students in physics. It is actually one of the first problem books in quantum field theory, and can be very useful students both following a course and studying on their own." (Bassano Vacchini, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1102 (4), 2007)Table of ContentsProblems.- Lorentz and Poincaré symmetries.- The Klein-Gordon equation.- The ?-matrices.- The Dirac equation.- Classical field theory and symmetries.- Green functions.- Canonical quantization of the scalar field.- Canonical quantization of the Dirac field.- Canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field.- Processes in the lowest order of perturbation theory.- Renormalization and regularization.- Solutions.- Lorentz and Poincaré symmetries.- The Klein-Gordon equation.- The ?-matrices.- The Dirac equation.- Classical fields and symmetries.- Green functions.- Canonical quantization of the scalar field.- Canonical quantization of the Dirac field.- Canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field.- Processes in the lowest order of the perturbation theory.- Renormalization and regularization.

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Book SynopsisBlack Holes are still considered to be among the most mysterious and fascinating objects in our universe. Awaiting the era of gravitational astronomy, much progress in theoretical modeling and understanding of classical and quantum black holes has already been achieved. The present volume serves as a tutorial, high-level guided tour through the black-hole landscape: information paradox and blackhole thermodynamics, numerical simulations of black-hole formation and collisions, braneworld scenarios and stability of black holes with respect to perturbations are treated in great detail, as is their possible occurrence at the LHC. An outgrowth of a topical and tutorial summer school, this extensive set of carefully edited notes has been set up with the aim of constituting an advanced-level, multi-authored textbook which meets the needs of both postgraduate students and young researchers in the fields of modern cosmology, astrophysics and (quantum) field theory. Table of ContentsBlack Holes and their Properties.- What Exactly is the Information Paradox?.- Classical Yang–Mills Black Hole Hair in Anti-de Sitter Space.- Black Hole Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics.- Colliding Black Holes and Gravitational Waves.- Numerical Simulations of Black Hole Formation.- Higher-Dimensional Black Holes.- Black Holes in Higher-Dimensional Gravity.- Braneworld Black Holes.- Higher Order Gravity Theories and Their Black Hole Solutions.- Gravitational Waves from Braneworld Black Holes.- Black Holes at the Large Hadron Collider.- Perturbations of Black Holes.- Perturbations and Stability of Higher-Dimensional Black Holes.- Analytic Calculation of Quasi-Normal Modes.

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Book Synopsis"Scientists other than quantum physicists often fail to comprehend the enormity of the conceptual change wrought by quantum theory in our basic conception of the nature of matter," writes Henry Stapp. Stapp is a leading quantum physicist who has given particularly careful thought to the implications of the theory that lies at the heart of modern physics. In this book, which contains several of his key papers as well as new material, he focuses on the problem of consciousness and explains how quantum mechanics allows causally effective conscious thought to be combined in a natural way with the physical brain made of neurons and atoms. The book is divided into four sections. The first consists of an extended introduction. Key foundational and somewhat more technical papers are included in the second part, together with a clear exposition of the "orthodox" interpretation of quantum mechanics. The third part addresses, in a non-technical fashion, the implications of the theory for some of the most profound questions that mankind has contemplated: How does the world come to be just what it is and not something else? How should humans view themselves in a quantum universe? What will be the impact on society of the revised scientific image of the nature of man? The final part contains a mathematical appendix for the specialist and a glossary of important terms and ideas for the interested layman. This third edition has been significantly expanded with two new chapters covering the author's most recent work.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "The author develops new chapters on many findings of recent research on the mind-body problem as well as their extrapolation to new and difficult technical and social areas. The book is highly recommended to physicists, mathematicians, social scientists, and intelligent general readers." (Albert A. Mullin, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1087, 2006)Table of Contents…and then a Miracle Occurs.- A Quantum Theory of Consciousness.- Theory.- The Copenhagen Interpretation.- Mind, Matter, and Quantum Mechanics.- A Quantum Theory of the Mind–Brain Interface.- Implications.- Mind, Matter, and Pauli.- Choice and Meaning in the Quantum Universe.- Future Achievements to Be Gained through Science.- A Quantum Conception of Man.- Quantum Theory and the Place of Mind in Nature.- New Developments and Future Visions.- Neuroscience, Atomic Physics, and the Human Person.- Societal Ramifications of the New Scientific Conception of Human Beings.- Physicalism Versus Quantum Mechanics.- A Model of the Quantum–Classical and Mind–Brain Connections, and the Role of the Quantum Zeno Effect in the Physical Implementation of Conscious Intent.- Appendices.- A Mathematical Mode.

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Book Synopsis"Quantum Theory of Magnetism" is the only book that deals with the phenomenon of magnetism from the point of view of "linear response". That is, how does a magnetic material respond when excited by a magnetic field? That field may be uniform, or spatially varying, static or time dependent. Previous editions have dealt primarily with the magnetic response. This edition incorporates the resistive response of magnetic materials as well. It also includes problems to test the reader's (or student's) comprehension. The rationale for a book on magnetism is as valid today as it was when the first two editions of Quantum Theory of Magnetism were published. Magnetic phenomena continue to be discovered with deep scientific implications and novel applications. Since the Second Edition, for example, Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) was discovered and the new field of "spintronics" is currently expanding. Not only do these phenomena rely on the concepts presented in this book, but magnetic properties are often an important clue to our understanding of new materials (e.g., high-temperature superconductors). Their magnetic properties, studied by susceptibility measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance, neutron scattering, etc. have provided insight to the superconductivity state.This updated edition offers revised emphasis on some material as a result of recent developments and includes new material, such as an entire chapter on thin film magnetic multilayers. Researchers and students once again have access to an up-to-date classic reference on magnetism, the key characteristic of many modern materials.Table of ContentsThe Magnetic Susceptibility.- The Magnetic Hamiltonian.- The Static Susceptibility of Noninteracting Systems.- The Static Susceptibility of Interacting Systems: Local Moments.- The Static Susceptibility of Interacting Systems: Metals.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Weakly Interacting Systems: Local Moments.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Weakly Interacting Systems: Metals.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Strongly Interacting Systems.- Thin Film Systems.- Neutron Scattering.

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Book SynopsisThis book is aimed at theoretical as well as primarily physicists graduate students in field working quantum theory, quantum gravity, theories, gauge to sdme and and, it is not extent, general relativity cosmology. Although aimed at a I that it also be of level, hope in mathematically rigorous may terest to mathematical and mathematicians in physicists working spectral of differential mani geometry, spectral asymptotics on operators, analysis differential and mathematical methods in folds, geometry quantum theory. Thisbook will be considered too abstract some but certainly by physicists, not detailed and most mathematicians. This in completeenoughby means, thatthe material is at the level of particular, presented "physical" So, rigor. there theorems and areno and technicalcalculationsare lemmas, proofs long omitted. I tried detailed to a ofthe basic Instead, give presentation ideas, methodsandresults. Itried makethe to as andcom Also, exposition explicit as the lessabstractandhaveillustratedthe plete possible, methods language and results withsome As is well "onecannot examples. known, cover every in an text. The in this thing", especially introductory approach presented book the lines is a further of the so called along goes (and development) fieldmethod ofDe Witt. As a Ihavenot dealt at background consequence, allwithmanifoldswith boundary,non Laplacetype (ornonminimal) opera Riemann Cartan manifolds well with as as recent tors, developments many and advanced such Ashtekar's more as topics, approach,supergravity,strings, matrix etc. The membranes, interested reader is referred models, M theory tothe literature.Trade Review"This monograph rightly belongs to a series ‘Lecture notes in Physics’, as it represents a well-written review of main results by the author, who is a recognized expert on heat kernel techniques in quantum gravity. [...] The results exposed in this book reflect the major contributions of the author to differential geometry and the theory of differential operators. They have many applications in quantum field theory with background fields, and indeed, the book can be used as a text for a short graduate course in the heat kernel techniques and their quantum gravity." (Mathematical Reviews 2003a)Table of ContentsBackground Field Method in Quantum Field Theory.- Technique for Calculation of De Witt Coefficients.- Partial Summation of Schwinger-De Witt Expansion.- Higher-Derivative Quantum Gravity.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisQuantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental quantum ?eld theory of quarks and gluons. In order to discuss it in a mathematically well-de?ned way, the theory has to be regularized. Replacing space-time by a Euclidean lattice has proven to be an e?cient approach which allows for both theor- ical understanding and computational analysis. Lattice QCD has become a standard tool in elementary particle physics. Asthetitlealreadysays:thisbookisintroductory!Thetextisintendedfor newcomerstothe?eld,servingasastartingpoint.Wesimplywantedtohavea bookwhichwecanputintothehandsofanadvancedstudentfora?rstreading on lattice QCD. This imaginary student brings as a prerequisite knowledge of higher quantum mechanics, some continuum quantum ?eld theory, and basic facts of elementary particle physics phenomenology. In view of the wealth of applications in current research the topics p- sented here are limited and we had to make some painful choices. We discuss QCD but omit most other lattice ?eld theory applications like scalar th- ries, gauge-Higgs models, or electroweak theory. Although we try to lead the reader up to present day understanding, we cannot possibly address all on- ing activities, in particular concerning the role of QCD in electroweak theory. Subjects like glueballs, topological excitations, and approaches like chiral p- turbation theory are mentioned only brie?y. This allows us to cover the other topics quite explicitly, including detailed derivations of key equations. The ?eld is rapidly developing. The proceedings of the annual lattice conferences provide information on newer directions and up-to-date results.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This is a very nice and readable book on lattice gauge theories. It is conceived for non-specialists in the field and is quite self-contained. … It is a modern, updated introduction to lattice gauge theory, very easy to consult and conceived in a modern way. This is an excellent textbook for students or anyone wishing to be introduced to the subject.”­­­ (Giuseppe Nardelli, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2010 k)Table of ContentsThe path integral on the lattice.- The path integral on the lattice.- QCD on the lattice — a first look.- QCD on the lattice — a first look.- Pure gauge theory on the lattice.- Pure gauge theory on the lattice.- Numerical simulation of pure gauge theory.- Numerical simulation of pure gauge theory.- Fermions on the lattice.- Fermions on the lattice.- Hadron spectroscopy.- Hadron spectroscopy.- Chiral symmetry on the lattice.- Chiral symmetry on the lattice.- Dynamical fermions.- Dynamical fermions.- Symanzik improvement and RG actions.- Symanzik improvement and RG actions.- More about lattice fermions.- More about lattice fermions.- Hadron structure.- Hadron structure.- Temperature and chemical potential.- Temperature and chemical potential.

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Book SynopsisSome major developments of physics in the last three decades are addressed by highly qualified specialists in different specific fields. They include renormalization problems in QFT, vacuum energy fluctuations and the Casimir effect in different configurations, and a wealth of applications. A number of closely related issues are also considered. The cosmological applications of these theories play a crucial role and are at the very heart of the book; in particular, the possibility to explain in a unified way the whole history of the evolution of the Universe: from primordial inflation to the present day accelerated expansion. Further, a description of the mathematical background underlying many of the physical theories considered above is provided. This includes the uses of zeta functions in physics, as in the regularization problems in QFT already mentioned, specifically in curved space-time, and in Casimir problems as.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This book in part is about on some technology concerning the local zeta function applied to quantum field theory in curved static (thermal) spacetime to regularize the stress energy tensor and the field fluctuations. … I find this book extremely useful and important, because it signifies the beauty of a mathematical technique in physics in general. I recommend this book for you it is an amazing reading!” (Philosophy, Religion and Science Book Reviews, bookinspections.wordpress.com, January, 2014)Table of ContentsPart I QFT and the Casimir Effect.- 1. I. Ya. AREF’EVA. Colliding Hadrons as Cosmic Membranes and Possible Signatures of Lost Momentum.- 2. M. ASOREY, I. Cavero‐Peláez and J. M. Muñoz‐Casta. Vacuum energy and the Topology of the Universe.-3. M. BORDAG and I. Pirozhenko. The Low Temperature Corrections to the Casimir Force Between a Sphere and a Plane.- 4. I. BREVIK. Casimir Effect for the Piecewise Uniform String.- 5. I.L. BUCHBINDER, N.G. Pletnev and I.B. Samsonov. N = 2 and N = 4 Supersymmetric Low‐Energy Effective Actions in Three Dimensions.- 6. M. CHAICHIAN. Colour Confinement, the Goto‐Imamura‐Schwinger Term and Renormalization Group.- 7. J. GOMIS. Non‐Central Extensions of (Super) Poincaré Algebra and (Susy) Electromagnetic Backgrounds.- 8. K. A. MILTON, J. Wagner, P. Parashar, I. Cavero‐Peláez, I. Brevik and S. A. Ellingsen. Multiple Scattering: Dispersion, Temperature Dependence, and Annular Pistons.- Part II Gravity and Cosmology.- 9. M. BOUHMADI‐LÓPEZ. Brane Cosmology with an f(R)‐Contribution.- 10. S. CAPOZZIELLO. f(R)‐Gravity Matched with Large Scale Structure and Cosmological Observations.- 11. S. CARLONI. An Analysis of the Phase Space of Hořava‐Lifshitz Cosmologies.- 12. C. CORDA. Gravitational Waves Astronomy: a Cornerstone for Gravitational Theories.- 13. R. DI CRISCIENZO, L. Vanzo and S. Zerbini. Hamilton‐Jacobi Method and Gravitation.- 14. K. N. Ananda, S. Carloni and P. K. S. DUNSBY. A Characteristic Signature of Fourth Order Gravity.- 15. V. FARAONI. Horizons and Singularity in Clifton's Spherical Solution of f(R)‐vacuum.- 16. R. GARATTINI. Gravitational Zero Point Energy and the Induced Cosmological Constant.- 17. P. GONZALEZ‐DÍAZ. Lensing Effects in Ringholes and the Multiverse Black Holes.- 18. L. LUSANNA. Hamiltonian ADM Gravity in Non‐Harmonic Gauges with Well Defined Non‐Euclidean 3‐Spaces: How Much Darkness can be Explained as a Relativistic Inertial Effect?- 19. J. Beltrán and A. LÓPEZ MAROTO. Dark Energy and Cosmic Magnetic Fields: Electromagnetic Relics from Inflation.- 20. N. Carlevaro, G. MONTANI and M. Lattanzi. On the Viability of Non‐Analytical f(R)‐Theory.- 21. S. NOJIRI. Towards the Unification of Late‐Time Acceleration and Inflation by k‐Essence Model.- 22. N. Deruelle and M. SASAKI. Conformal Equivalence in Classical Gravity: the Example of “Veiled” General Relativity.- 23. L. SEBASTIANI. Finite‐Time Singularities in Modified f(R;G)‐Gravity and Singularity Avoidance.- 24. P. J. SILVA. Asymptotic Darkness in Hořava‐Lifshitz Gravity.- 25. C. F. SOPUERTA and N. Yunes. Testing Modified Gravity with Gravitational Wave Astronomy.- 26. P. K. TOWNSEND. Gravitons in Flatland.- 27. M. M. Sheikh‐Jabbari and A. TUREANU. Very Special Relativity and Noncommutative Space‐Time.- Part III Zeta Functions in Physics and Mathematics.-28. G. Fucci, K. KIRSTEN and P. Morales. Pistons Modelled by Potentials.- 29. V. Moretti. Local ζ‐functions, stress‐energy tensor, field fluctuations, and all that, in curved static spacetime.- 30. V. Muñoz and R. PÉREZ‐MARCO. Ergodic Solenoidal Geometry.- 31. A. VOROS. Zeta‐Regularization and Exact WKB Method for a General 1D Schrödinger equation.- 32. G. Cognola and S. ZERBINI. Generalized Zeta Function Regularization and the Multiplicative Anomaly.- Part IV Non‐standard approaches.- 33. R. M. SANTILLI. Isominkowskian Geometry for Interior Dynamical Problems.- 34. L. YING. Nuclear Fusion Drives Cosmic Expansion.- Index

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Book SynopsisThis textbook explains the experimental basics, effects and theory of nuclear physics. It supports learning and teaching with numerous worked examples, questions and problems with answers. Numerous tables and diagrams help to better understand the explanations. A better feeling to the subject of the book is given with sketches about the historical development of nuclear physics. The main topics of this book include the phenomena associated with passage of charged particles and radiation through matter which are related to nuclear resonance fluorescence and the Moessbauer effect., Gamov’s theory of alpha decay, Fermi theory of beta decay, electron capture and gamma decay. The discussion of general properties of nuclei covers nuclear sizes and nuclear force, nuclear spin, magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment. Nuclear instability against various modes of decay and Yukawa theory are explained. Nuclear models such as Fermi Gas Model, Shell Model, Liquid Drop Model, Collective Model and Optical Model are outlined to explain various experimental facts related to nuclear structure. Heavy ion reactions, including nuclear fusion, are explained. Nuclear fission and fusion power production is treated elaborately.Table of ContentsPassage of Charged Particles Through Matter.- Passage of Radiation Through Matter.- Radioactivity.- General Properties of Nuclei.- The Nuclear 1\vo-Body.- Nuclear Models.- Nuclear Reactions.

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Book SynopsisAt the fundamental level, the interactions of elementary particles are described by quantum gauge field theory. The quantitative implications of these interactions are captured by scattering amplitudes, traditionally computed using Feynman diagrams. In the past decade tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of and computational abilities with regard to scattering amplitudes in gauge theories, going beyond the traditional textbook approach. These advances build upon on-shell methods that focus on the analytic structure of the amplitudes, as well as on their recently discovered hidden symmetries. In fact, when expressed in suitable variables the amplitudes are much simpler than anticipated and hidden patterns emerge.These modern methods are of increasing importance in phenomenological applications arising from the need for high-precision predictions for the experiments carried out at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as in foundational mathematical physics studies on the S-matrix in quantum field theory.Bridging the gap between introductory courses on quantum field theory and state-of-the-art research, these concise yet self-contained and course-tested lecture notes are well-suited for a one-semester graduate level course or as a self-study guide for anyone interested in fundamental aspects of quantum field theory and its applications.The numerous exercises and solutions included will help readers to embrace and apply the material presented in the main text.Trade Review“Aimed at the advanced graduate student or a practitioner of high energy theory interested in the subject, the book begins with a review of non-abelian gauge theory and its conventional Feynman methods before immediately delving into on-shell recursion relations of BCFW (Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten) and factorization properties. … Of particular usefulness to the student are the exercises and an entire appendix dedicated to their detailed solutions.” (Yang-Hui He, zbMATH 1315.81005, 2015)Table of ContentsIntroduction and Basics.- Tree-Level Techniques.- Loop-Level Structure.- Advanced Topics.- Renormalization Properties of Wilson Loops.- Conventions and Useful Formulae.- Solutions to the Exercises.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis is the final volume of Heisenberg's Collected Works. It contains his papers on a (nonlinear) unified theory of elementary particles, as well as his contribution to superconductivity and multiparticle production. Especially interesting is the first group of papers, which is split intotwo sections dealing with, firstly, the formulation of the famous nonlinear spinor equation and, secondly,its applications. Among others the reader willfind a thorough discussion of Heisenberg's collaboration with W. Pauli on these matters. Illuminating annotations to the various sections in this volume have been provided by H. Koppe, R. Hagedorn and the editors.

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Book SynopsisThis well-known introductory textbook gives a uniform presentation of nuclear and particle physics from an experimental point of view. The first part, Analysis, is devoted to disentangling the substructure of matter. This part shows that experiments designed to uncover the substructures of nuclei and nucleons have a similar conceptual basis, and lead to the present picture of all matter being constructed from a small number of elementary building blocks and a small number of fundamental interactions. The second part, Synthesis, shows how the elementary particles may be combined to build hadrons and nuclei. The fundamental interactions, which are responsible for the forces in all systems, become less and less evident in increasingly complex systems. Such systems are in fact dominated by many-body phenomena. A section on neutrino oscillations and one on nuclear matter at high temperatures bridge the field of "nuclear and particle physics" and "modem astrophysics and cosmology.The seventh revised and extended edition includes new material, in particular the experimental verification of the Higgs particle at the LHC, recent results in neutrino physics, the violation of CP-symmetry in the decay of neutral B-mesons, the experimental investigations of the nucleon's spin structure and outstanding results of the HERA experiments in deep-inelastic electron- and positron-proton scattering. The concise text is based on lectures held at the University of Heidelberg and includes numerous exercises with worked answers. It has been translated into several languages and has become a standard reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses.Trade Review“The book ‘Particles and Nuclei’ represents a collection of fundamental topics in nuclear and particle physics and is divided in two parts. … This book presents itself as an easy going lecture for students taking a course in nuclear and particle physics but it can be … used as a handbook by specialists in the field.” (Serban Misicu, zbMATH 1331.81003, 2016)Table of ContentsHors d'oeuvre.- Analysis: The Building Blocks of Matter.- Global Properties of Nuclei.- Nuclear Stability.- Scattering.- Geometric Shapes of Nuclei.- Elastic Scattering off Nucleons.- Deep Inelastic Scattering.- Quarks, Gluons, and the Strong Interaction.- Particle Production in e+e− Collisions.- Phenomenology of the Weak Interaction.- Neutrino Oscillations and Neutrino Mass.- Exchange Bosons of the Weak Interaction and the Higgs Boson.- The Standard Model.- Synthesis: Composite Systems.- Quarkonia.- Mesons.- The Baryons.- The Nuclear Force.- The Structure of Nuclei.- Collective Nuclear Excitations.- Nuclear Thermodynamics.- Many-Body Systems in the Strong Interaction.- Appendix.- Solutions to the Problems.

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Book SynopsisThis book is about supergravity, which combines the principles of general relativity and local gauge invariance with the idea of supersymmetries between bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom. The authors give a thorough and pedagogical introduction to the subject suitable for beginning graduate or advanced undergraduate students in theoretical high energy physics or mathematical physics. Interested researchers working in these or related areas are also addressed. The level of the presentation assumes a working knowledge of general relativity and basic notions of differential geometry as well as some familiarity with global supersymmetry in relativistic field theories. Bypassing curved superspace and other more technical approaches, the book starts from the simple idea of supersymmetry as a local gauge symmetry and derives the mathematical and physical properties of supergravity in a direct and “minimalistic” way, using a combination of explicit computations and geometrical reasoning. Key topics include spinors in curved spacetime, pure supergravity with and without a cosmological constant, matter couplings in global and local supersymmetry, phenomenological and cosmological implications, extended supergravity, gauged supergravity and supergravity in higher spacetime dimensions.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- From Global to Local SUSY.- Gravity and spinors.- D=4 N=1 SUGRA.- Matter couplings in global SUSY.- Matter couplings in SUGRA.- SUGRA phenomenology.- Extended supergravities.- Gauged supergravity.- SUGRA in any dimension.

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Book SynopsisFor many physicists quantum theory contains strong conceptual difficulties, while for others the apparent conclusions about the reality of our physical world and the ways in which we discover that reality remain philosophically unacceptable. This book focuses on recent theoretical and experimental developments in the foundations of quantum physics, including topics such as the puzzles and paradoxes which appear when general relativity and quantum mechanics are combined; the emergence of classical properties from quantum mechanics; stochastic electrodynamics; EPR experiments and Bell's Theorem; the consistent histories approach and the problem of datum uniqueness in quantum mechanics; non-local measurements and teleportation of quantum states; quantum non-demolition measurements in optics and matter wave properties observed by neutron, electron and atomic interferometry. Audience: This volume is intended for graduate students of physics and those interested in the foundations of quantum theory.Table of Contents1. The subject of our discussions; E. Santos. 2. Measurement of the Schrödinger wave of a single particle; Y. Aharonov, L. Vaidman. 3. The emergence of classical properties from quantum mechanics: New problems from old; L.E. Ballentine. 4. Deformations of space-time symmetries and fundamental scales; A. Ballesteros, et al. 5. Aspects of quantum reality; S. Bergia. 6. Kochen-Specker diagram of the Peres--Mermin example; A. Cabello. 7. Zeropoint waves and quantum particles; A.M. Cetto, L. de la Peña. 8. Results of atom interferometry experiments with potassium; J.F. Clauser. 9. On the uncertainty relations; J.R. Croca. 10. Continuously diagonalized density operator of open systems; L. Diósi. 11. The hazy spacetime of the Károlyházy model of quantum mechanics; A. Frenkel. 12. Can the experiments based on parametric-down conversion disprove Einstein locality? A. Garuccio. 13. Quantum-mechanical histories and the uncertainty principle; J.J. Halliwell. 14. Experiments with coherent electron wave packets; F. Hasselbach. 15. The ontological interpretation of quantum field theory applied in a cosmological context; B.J. Hiley, A.H. Aziz Muft. 16. State vector reduction via spacetime imprecision; F. Károlyházy. 17. Analyses of classical and thermodynamic limits of quantum mechanics and quantum measurements on the basis of nonstandard analysis; T. Kobayashi. 18. A realistic interpretation of lattice gauge theories; M. Lorente. 19. Is there abridge connecting stochastic and quantum electrodynamics? T.W. Marshall. 20. Action-angle variables inherent in quantum dynamics; J. Martínez-Linares. 21. A philosopher struggles to understand quantum theory: Particle creations and wavepacket reduction; N. Maxwell. 22. Consistent histories and the interpretation of quantum mechanics; R. Omnès. 23. Is quantum mechanics a limit cycle theory? L. de la Peña, A.M. Cetto. 24. Realization and characterization of quantum nondemolition measurements in optics; J.Ph. Poizat, et al. 25. Fuzzy sets and infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic in foundations of quantum mechanics; J. Pykacz. 26. A model of topological quantization of the electromagnetic field; A.F. Rañada. 27. Postselection and squeezing in neutron interferometry and EPR-experiments; H. Rauch. 28. Macroscopic decoherence and classical stochastic gravity; J.L. Sanchez-Gomez. 29. Dynamics and measurement of the absolute phase in macroscopic quantum systems; F. Sols, R.A. Hegstrom. 30. Realistic quantum theory and relativity; E.J. Squires. 31. On the empirical law of epistemology: Physics as an artifact of mathematics; N.A. Tambakis. 32. Search of a first principle for quantum physics; A.C. de la Torre. 33. Decoherence in an isolated macroscopic quantum system: A parameter-free model involving gravity; J. Unturbe. 34. Nonlocal measurements and teleportation of quantum states; L. Vaidman. 35. Quantum noise in optical photon detectors; A. Vidiella-Barranco, E. Santos.

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.- AMS Measurement Methods.- The Applications of AMS in Nuclear Science.- Application of AMS in Archaeology.- Application of AMS in Geosciences.- Application of AMS in Life Sciences and Drug Development.-  Application of AMS in Environmental Science and Resource Science.

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Book Synopsis1. Quantum Theory in Algebraic and Geometric Approaches.- 2. Scattering Theory.- 3. Deterministic Physical Theories.- 4. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThese course-tested lectures provide a technical introduction to Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (SUSY GUTs), as well as a personal view on the topic by one of the pioneers in the field. While the Standard Model of Particle Physics is incredibly successful in describing the known universe it is, nevertheless, an incomplete theory with many free parameters and open issues. An elegant solution to all of these quandaries is the proposed theory of SUSY GUTs. In a GUT, quarks and leptons are related in a simple way by the unifying symmetry and their electric charges are quantized, further the relative strength of the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces are predicted. SUSY GUTs additionally provide a framework for understanding particle masses and offer candidates for dark matter. Finally, with the extension of SUSY GUTs to string theory, a quantum-mechanically consistent unification of the four known forces (including gravity) is obtained. The book is organized in three sections: the first section contains a brief introduction to the Standard Model, supersymmetry and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Then SUSY GUTs in four space-time dimensions are introduced and reviewed. In addition, the cosmological issues concerning SUSY GUTs are discussed. Then the requirements for embedding a 4D SUSY GUT into higher-dimensional theories including gravity (i.e. String Theory) are investigated. Accordingly, section two of the course is devoted to discussing the so-called Orbifold GUTs and how in turn they solve some of the technical problems of 4D SUSY GUTs. Orbifold GUTs introduce a new set of open issues, which are then resolved in the third section in which it is shown how to embed Orbifold GUTs into the E(8) x E(8) Heterotic String in 10 space-time dimensions.Trade Review“I enjoyed this book very much and found it useful for refreshing my views and learning something new about SUSY, namely about the GUT state of affairs. I recommend it to individual researchers and to libraries in research universities, physics departments, and HEP laboratories.” (Paulo Moniz, Mathematical Reviews, January, 2018)Table of ContentsThe Standard Model:background.- The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM).- Supersymmetric GUTs in 4 space-time dimensions.- SUSY GUTs meets data: LHC, fermion masses and mixing angles, dark matter.- Problems of 4 D SUSY GUTs.- SUSY GUTs in 5 or 6 dimensions : Orbifold GUTs.- SUSY breaking in extra dimensions.- Orbifold GUTs meet data.- SUSY GUTs in string theory : background.- Heterotic orbifold constructions.- Guaranteeing the MSSM, proton decay and precise gauge coupling unification.- Smooth heterotic constructions.- Type II string models and F theory – lectures.- Stabilizing moduli and SUSY breaking.- Cosmology.- Conclusions and Outlook.

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Book SynopsisKompakte 3., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage: Die Autoren wenden sich an Studierende nach dem Vordiplom oder Bachelor-Abschluss und geben einen Überblick über die experimentellen und theoretischen Grundlagen des Faches. Ein Teil des Stoffes wird an einigen Universitäten bereits vor dem Vordiplom bzw. während der Bachelor-Ausbildung vermittelt. Die Autoren erläutern zahlreiche Anwendungen kernphysikalischer Methoden in der Materialforschung und der Medizin. Zusätzlich gehen sie auf die Entdeckung neuer Elemente ein, die in jüngster Zeit zu einer Erweiterung des Periodensystems führte. Plus: zahlreiche Übungen mit vollständigen Lösungen.Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen: “... Gerade für den Studienanfänger ist dies ausgesprochen angenehm - dies umso mehr, als das Buch am Experiment orientiert ist und umfangreiche abstrakte Abhandlungen meidet. Dies ist sicherlich für die allermeisten Studierenden der beste, weil konkreteste Weg, den Stoff zu verinnerlichen. Der flüssig lesbare Band wird abgerundet mit Beispielen und durchgerechneten Übungsaufgaben. Die Literaturliste bietet schließlich zahlreiche Ansätze, einzelne Themen zu vertiefen.“ (www.buchkatalog.de)Table of ContentsÄußere Eigenschaften der Atomkerne.- Innere Eigenschaften von Atomkernen.- Kernmodelle.- Experimentelle Verfahren der Kernphysik.- Streuprozesse und Kernreaktionen.- Kernzerfälle – Radioaktivität.- Kernkräfte.- Anwendungen der Kernphysik.- Ausblick.

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Book SynopsisThe Physics of the Early Universe is an edited and expanded version of the lectures given at a recent summer school of the same name. Its aim is to present an advanced multi-authored textbook that meets the needs of both postgraduate students and young researchers interested in, or already working on, problems in cosmology and general relativity, with emphasis on the early universe. A particularly strong feature of the present work is the constructive-critical approach to the present mainstream theories, the careful assessment of some alternative approaches, and the overall balance between theoretical and observational considerations. As such, this book will also benefit experienced scientists and nonspecialists from related areas of research. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "This is a set of 9 review articles given as part of a 2003 summer school on Syros Island, Greece. … this book provides a solid introduction to current research in early universe physics, which should be useful for PhD students or postdoctoral researchers who want the real thing. … This, then, is a useful book for someone wanting to leap right into modern theoretical ideas of early universe physics." (Douglas Scott, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Issue 24, 2007)Table of ContentsAn Introduction to the Physics of the Early Universe.- Cosmological Perturbation Theory.- Cosmic Microwave Backgrond Anisotropies.- Oberservational Cosmology.- Dark Matter and Dark Energy.- String Cosmology.- Brane-World Cosmology.- Gravitational Wave Astronomy: the High Frequency Window.- Computational Black Hole Dynamics.

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Table of ContentsLattice gauge theories.- Continuum gauge quantum field theories.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents an analysis of limits in perception from the vantage point of the physicist, the engineer, the psychophysicist, the psychologist and the theorist. Limits in perception find their causal explanation at many logically and/or physically different levels. Some of the most fundamental bottlenecks are due to the quantum mechanical and atomistic structure of the microworld. Other simple constraints are due to the material constitution of sensory organs. For instance, the fact that the eye is predominantly composed of water limits both the optical quality and the available spectral window. The engineer uses knowledge on such limits to design equipment that optimizes human performance in daily life. Examples include room acoustics and visual displays. Psychophysicists and psychologists deal with limits on a quite different logical level. These limits constrain much of our perceptually guided behaviour. The book includes chapters on such topics as movement perception, binocular vision, illusory phenomena, language and perception, the perception of time. A few concluding chapters on fundamental limits imposed by information theoretical constraints on the coding and representation of sensed structure are included. Limits in Perception will be important reading material for scientists and/or engineers in the following fields: perception, experimental psychology, sensory biology, physics, neuroscience, human engineering, artificial intelligence, robotics, ophthalmology, audiology, psychonomics and ergonomics, remote sensing.Table of ContentsList of contributors, Prefacen, List of publications by M.A. Bouman, List of doctoral dissertations supervised by M.A. Bouman, PART 1: A PHYSICIST'S APPROACH TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 2: AN ENGINEER'S APPROACH TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 3: PSYCHOPHYSICAL APPROACHES TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 5: THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, Subject index

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Book SynopsisThe Schottky electron emitter is a predominant electron-emitting source in today’s electron beam equipment. This book comprehensively covers the Schottky emitter, dealing with its theoretical as well as practical aspects. The main questions that are addressed in this book are: what is the Schottky electron emitter? How does it work? And how do its properties affect the performance of electron beam equipment?The focus is on the direct link between the operating conditions of the source and the properties of the beam at the target level. This coupling is made clear by discussing the effect of the operating conditions and the geometry of the source and gun on the emission properties of the emitting surface, the effect of Coulomb interactions on the brightness and energy spread in the first few millimeters of the beam path, and the effect of the operating conditions and the shape of the emitter on the consequences of the beam at the target. The final chapter combines all these effects to demonstrate that there is a trade-off to be made between brightness, energy spread, and shape stability.Trade Review"Really understanding the physics of Schottky electron sources is a must for every sophisticated user of an electron microscope. But also, it is an intellectual pleasure in itself to learn about this ever-changing nanocrystal from which the electrons in the microscope emerge. The author has managed to combine these aspects, usefulness, and theoretical depth, in the elegant and clear style that characterizes her work."Prof. Pieter Kruit, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands"This book describes practical aspects of using Schottky electron sources in electron optical systems on the basis of well-founded physics theory. It makes clear how the electron source performance changes with the operating parameters and why. The book is especially valuable to those who want to make the best use of this high-potential electron source."Dr. Shin Fujita, Shimadzu Corporation, JapanTable of ContentsIntroduction. Electron Emission from a Surface. Emission from a Schottky Emitter. Emission from the End Facet. The Final Beam for Applications. Geometrical Stability. Optimum Operation. Appendix A. Procedures for Monitoring in a Few Commercial Systems. Appendix B. Procedure to Characterize System Performance. References. Summary. Samenvatting. Acknowledgements. Curriculum Vitae.

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Book SynopsisFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, located in the western suburbs of Chicago, has stood at the frontier of high-energy physics for forty years. This title tells the history of this laboratory and of its powerful accelerators that is told from the point of view of the people who built and used them for scientific discovery.Trade Review"Fermilab will be of interest to anyone curious about science and science policy." (Physics World) "Fermilab's story is well told and attractively framed in the book, a fitting capstone for the edifice of historical scholarship that the authors have erected over 30 years. Megascience requires 'megahistory,' and Hoddeson knows how to pioneer in that field." (Science)"

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Book SynopsisRecounts the history of the post-war conceptual development of elementary-particle physics. Inviting a reappraisal of the status of scientific knowledge, the text suggests that scientists are not mere passive observers and reporters of nature.

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Book SynopsisDescribes what the study of stars reveals about fundamental particle interactions, presenting the many uses of stellar astrophysics for research in basic particle physics. The text focuses primarily on the properties and nongravitational interactions of elementary particles.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments 1: The Energy-Loss Argument 2: Anomalous Stellar Energy Losses Bounded by Observations 3: Particles Interacting with Electrons and Baryons 4: Processes in a Nuclear Medium 5: Two-Photon Coupling of Low-Mass Bosons 6: Particle Dispersion and Decays in Media 7: Nonstandard Neutrinos 8: Neutrino Oscillations 9: Oscillations of Trapped Neutrinos 10: Solar Neutrinos 11: Supernova Neutrinos 12: Radiative Particle Decays from Distant Sources 13: What Have We Learned from SN 1987A? 14: Axions 15: Miscellaneous Exotica 16: Neutrinos: The Bottom Line App. A. Units and Dimensions App. B. Neutrino Coupling Constants App. C. Numerical Neutrino Energy-Loss Rates App. D. Characteristics of Stellar Plasmas References Acronyms Symbols Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThis work examines the field of physics dedicated to strange particles, particles which seemed to have 900 times the mass of electrons and which exist both in charged and neutral varieties. Topics covered include the history of kaon physics and direct CP volation in kaon decays.

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Book SynopsisThe Only Source You Need for Understanding the Design and Applications of Photonic Crystal-Based Devices This book presents in detail the fundamental theoretical background necessary to understand the unique optical phenomena arising from the crystalline nature of photonic-crystal structures and their application across a range of disciplines. Organized to take readers from basic concepts to more advanced topics, the book covers: Preliminary concepts of electromagnetic waves and periodic media Numerical methods for analyzing photonic-crystal structures Devices and applications based on photonic bandgaps Engineering photonic-crystal dispersion properties Fabrication of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals The authors assume an elementary knowledge of electromagnetism, vector calculus, Fourier analysis, and complex number analysis. Therefore, the book is appropriate forTable of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Overview 3 1.2 Analogy Between Photonic and Semiconductor Crystals 6 1.3 Analyzing Photonic-Bandgap Structures 8 References 11 Chapter 2. Preliminary Concepts of Electromagnetic Waves and Periodic Media 17 2.1 Electromagnetic Waves 17 2.1.1 Maxwell’s Equations in Linear, Homogeneous Media 18 2.1.2 Electromagnetic Waves 21 2.1.3 Optical Waves 23 2.1.4 Guided Waves 28 2.1.5 Group Velocity in Homogeneous Media 37 2.2 Periodic Media 38 2.2.1 Real-Space Lattices, Lattice Vectors 39 2.2.2 Reciprocal Lattice and Brillouin Zone 47 2.3 Waves in Periodic Media 49 2.3.1 Wave Equation in Periodic Dielectric Structures 49 2.3.2 Group Velocity in Periodic Media 55 2.3.3 Dispersion Surfaces and Band Diagrams 57 References 60 Chapter 3. Numerical Methods 63 3.1 Overview 63 3.2 Plane-Wave Expansion Method 65 3.2.1 Preliminaries 65 3.2.2 One-Dimensional Plane-Wave Expansion Method 66 3.2.3 Two-Dimensional Plane-Wave Expansion Method 72 3.2.4 Three-Dimensional Plane-Wave Expansion Method 84 3.2.5 Practical Considerations in the Implementation of the Plane-Wave Expansion Method 87 3.2.6 Photonic-Crystal Slab by Plane-Wave Expansion Method 90 3.2.7 Revised Plane-Wave Method for Dispersive Material and its Application to Band-Structure Calculations of Photonic-Crystal Slabs 102 3.3 Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method 108 3.3.1 Central-Difference Expressions of Maxwell’s Equations 109 3.3.2 Two-Dimensional FDTD Method 110 3.3.3 Three-Dimensional FDTD Method 112 3.3.4 Numerical Stability and Dispersion 114 3.3.5 Simulating Transient and Steady-State System Response 116 3.3.6 Absorbing Boundary Conditions 118 3.3.7 FDTD for Photonic Crystals 122 References 125 Chapter 4. Devices and Applications Based on Photonic Bandgaps 133 4.1 Introduction 133 4.2 Point Defects 134 4.2.1 Numerical Analysis of Point Defects 134 4.2.2 Design Criteria for Photonic-Crystal Cavities 137 4.3 Line Defects 139 4.3.1 Photonic-Crystal Line Defects for Waveguiding 140 4.3.2 Line Defects in Photonic-Crystal Slabs 144 4.3.3 Extracting Dispersion Properties Using a Single-Frequency Source 147 4.4 Applications that Use Strong Confinement in PhC 150 4.4.1 Waveguide Bends 150 4.4.2 Zero-Cross-Talk Waveguide Crossing 154 4.4.3 Narrow-Band Beam Splitter 156 4.4.4 Air-Bridge Microcavity 157 4.4.5 Channel-Drop Filters in Photonic Crystals 159 4.4.6 Optical Spectrometer 160 4.4.7 Hybrid Photonic-Crystal Structures 163 4.4.8 Electrically and Thermally Tunable Photonic Crystals 168 4.4.9 Photonic-Crystal Optical Networks 169 4.4.10 Coupled Photonic-Crystal Waveguides 171 4.4.11 Other Applications of Photonic Bandgap 188 References 189 Chapter 5. Engineering Photonic-Crystal Dispersion Properties 197 5.1 Introduction 197 5.2 Dispersion in Photonic Crystals 198 5.3 Superprism Effect 201 5.4 Self-Collimation 205 5.4.1 Experimental Demonstration of Self-Collimation 208 5.4.2 Self-Guiding Heterolattice 211 5.4.3 Redirecting Light in Self-Collimating PhCs 214 5.4.4 Beam Splitting in Self-Collimating PhC 217 5.4.5 Optical Analog-to-Digital Converter 224 5.4.6 Self-Collimation in Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 231 5.4.7 Experimental Verification of 3D Self-Collimation 239 5.5 Left-Handed Behavior and Negative Refraction 245 5.5.1 3D Subwavelength Imaging by a Photonic-Crystal Flat Lens 247 5.6 Superprism, Negative Refraction and Self-Collimation 254 5.7 Summary 259 References 259 Chapter 6. Fabrication 263 6.1 Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 263 6.1.1 Fabrication of Planar Photonic Crystals 266 6.1.2 Fabrication of 2D Photonic Crystals 269 6.2 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Micromachining 274 6.2.1 Layer-by-Layer Fabrication 274 6.2.2 Woodpile Photonic Crystals 281 6.2.3 Autocloning Technique 297 6.2.4 Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) 307 6.2.5 Macroporous Silicon 313 6.2.6 Realizing Yablonovite for Near Infrared with Chemically Assisted Ion-Beam Etching 323 6.2.7 Sculpting Bulk Silicon with Reactive Plasma 327 6.3 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Holographic Lithography 333 6.3.1 Interference of Coherent Waves 334 6.3.2 Patterning PhCs with Interference Lithography 336 6.3.3 Engineering the Interference Pattern 336 6.3.4 Holographic Fabrication Methods for 3D PhCs 341 6.3.5 Summary 349 6.4 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Multiphoton Polymerization 350 6.4.1 Stereolithography/Laser Rapid Prototyping to Fabricate Arbitrary 3D Structures 350 6.4.2 Multiphoton Absorption 350 6.4.3 PhC Fabrication Using Multiphoton Absorption 356 6.5 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Self-Assembly 358 6.5.1 Monodisperse Colloidal Suspensions 359 6.5.2 Colloidal Crystallization 362 6.5.3 Self-Assembly Methods 364 References 369 Index 383

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Book SynopsisAlmost weightless and able to pass through the densest materials with ease, neutrinos may offer answers to questions ranging from relativity and quantum mechanics to more radical theories about dark energy and supersymmetry. Heinrich Päs serves as our fluent guide to a particle world that tests the boundaries of space, time, and human knowledge.Trade ReviewSome science books are good because they tell you a lot about science. Some are good because they present their examples and argument in very well written prose. A few do both. The Perfect Wave is one of the few… I can highly recommend The Perfect Wave as a pleasant and provocative way to gain insight into the way physicists think, and into the way the universe (probably) works. -- John Gribbin * Wall Street Journal *Päs for his part, places neutrinos within the broader context of contemporary high theory and delves deeper into the science. Physics buffs will relish his explanations, and not just of established ideas such a the seesaw mechanism. Neutrinos, Päs explains, may offer a way to probe the extra dimensions of space postulated by some ‘theories of everything.’ The puny particles’ weirdness, it seems, knows no end. * The Economist *The ghostly neutrino—a mutable, almost massless particle that can pass through dense substances—stars in this scientific history. Theoretical physicist Heinrich Päs surfs the decades of dazzling research since Wolfgang Pauli first posited the particle in 1930. Päs revisits key theorists such as Ettore Majorana, and lays out the work of groundbreaking labs from Los Alamos in New Mexico, where Fred Reines and Clyde Cowan first detected neutrinos in the early 1950s, to today’s vast IceCube neutrino observatory in Antarctica. * Nature *Written by one of the world’s leading experts in the field…Heinrich Päs’ book guides the reader through some difficult territory, covering the historical and philosophical developments that led to our understanding of the neutrino today. It is a peculiar route that navigates via such topics as the ancient Greek and magic mushrooms. Plus of course the obligatory cat that is simultaneously alive and dead… Though this book is written in simple language, don’t expect an easy read. There are some highly challenging ideas to get your head around—but it is worth making the effort. -- Paul Sutherland * BBC Sky at Night *Takes readers for a wild ride in pursuit of the neutrino—part ghost, part outlaw, part Holy Grail to theoretical physicists… From vast laboratories deep underground to the cutting edge Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory nearing completion in frigid Antarctica, Päs reveals the ‘world of madmen, dreamers, and visionaries’ who pursue the neutrino and its place in theoretical physics. * Publishers Weekly *Entertaining and evocative, Päs has written a breezy, readable account of particle physics, especially neutrino physics, in a lucid, lively narrative. -- Sandip Pakvasa, Professor of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book provides an essential introduction to the physics of quantum many-body systems."---T. C. Mohan, Zentralblatt MATH

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Book SynopsisA complete treatise on the subject of the neutrino includes interpretation of experimental results in terms of existing theories on this nuclear particle. It incorporates material on post-parity experiments which appeared following the Lee and Yang discoveries in 1956 concerning parity non-conservation in weak interactions. Originally published inTable of Contents*Frontmatter, pg. i*Preface, pg. v*Table of Contents, pg. vii*CHAPTER 1. General Properties of the Neutrino, pg. 1*CHAPTER 2. The Rest Mass of the Neutrino, pg. 10*CHAPTER 3. Neutrino Recoils Following the Capture of Orbital Electrons, pg. 20*CHAPTER 4. The Electron-Neutrino Angular Correlation in Beta-Decay, pg. 39*CHAPTER 5. Electron-Neutrino Angular Correlation Experiments, pg. 50*CHAPTER 6. Double Beta-Decay, pg. 115*CHAPTER 7. Detection of the Free Neutrino, pg. 136*CHAPTER 8. Meson-Neutrino Reactions, pg. 148*INDEX, pg. 165

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Book SynopsisSuitable for readers who want to learn about the Newtonian $N$-body problem, this book contains simple explanations of the apparent 'looping' orbit of Mars and the unexpected 'Sunrise, Sunset' behavior as viewed from Mercury. It also covers the weird dynamics exhibited by Saturn's F-ring.Table of ContentsIntroduction Central configurations Finding central configurations Collisions-Both real and imaginary How likely is it? Bibliography Index.

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Book SynopsisAn insider's history of the world's largest particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider: why it was built, how it works, and the importance of what it has revealed. Since 2008 scientists have conducted experiments in a hyperenergized, 17-mile supercollider beneath the border of France and Switzerland. The Large Hadron Collider (or what scientists call the LHC) is one of the wonders of the modern worlda highly sophisticated scientific instrument designed to re-create in miniature the conditions of the universe as they existed in the microseconds following the big bang. Among many notable LHC discoveries, one led to the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics for revealing evidence of the existence of the Higgs boson, the so-called God particle. Picking up where he left off in The Quantum Frontier, physicist Don Lincoln shares an insider's account of the LHC's operational history and gives readers everything they need to become well informed on this marvel of technology. Writing about the LHC'Trade ReviewThe book is a fast read brimming with personality. Reading about the Large Hadron Collider, with its spinning particle streams, hypercontrolled collisions, and awesome implications, is like learning about what wizards do.—Foreword ReviewsLincoln's tales of the LHC . . . offer readers fresh insight into some of the most significant research in modern physics.—Publishers WeeklyLaypersons interested in the building blocks of the universe and/or the newsworthy LHC will learn a lot from this work and enjoy the process.—Library JournalPhysics blends with some amazing stories of the Higgs boson and other details in a powerful scientific survey packed with insights that are both scientifically detailed and widely accessible to general-interest readers.—California BookwatchThis engaging story will be appreciated by readers interested in the frontiers of science . . . Highly recommended.—ChoiceWritten in accessible language and an engaging manner . . . I was pleased to see how Lincoln's sense of humor. . . lightens what might otherwise be a tedious enumeration of technical details.—MetascienceTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgments1. Beginnings and Building Blocks2. Stuff We Already Know3. Accelerators and the LHC4. Incredible Detectors5. Teething Pains and Triumphs6. The Dramatic Higgs Saga7. Looking for Something New8. The Future Is Bright!Suggested ReadingIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a complementary perspective to Schrödinger theory of electrons in an electromagnetic field, one that does not appear in any text on quantum mechanics. The perspective, derived from Schrödinger theory, is that of the individual electron in the sea of electrons via its temporal and stationary-state equations of motion – the ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Second and First Laws. The Laws are in terms of ‘classical’ fields experienced by each electron, the sources of the fields being quantum-mechanical expectation values of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the wave function. Each electron experiences the external field, and internal fields representative of properties of the system, and a field descriptive of its response. The energies are obtained in terms of the fields. The ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Laws lead to physical insights, and new properties of the electronic system are revealed. New mathematical understandings of Schrödinger theory emerge which show the equation to be intrinsically self-consistent. Another complimentary perspective to Schrödinger theory is its manifestation as a local effective potential theory described via Quantal Density Functional theory. This description too is in terms of ‘classical’ fields and quantal sources. The theory provides a rigorous physical explanation of the mapping from the interacting system to the local potential theory equivalent. The complementary perspective to stationary ground state Schrödinger theory founded in the theorems of Hohenberg and Kohn, their extension to the presence of a magnetic field and to the temporal domain – Modern Density Functional Theory -- is also described. The new perspectives are elucidated by application to analytically solvable interacting systems. These solutions and other relevant wave function properties are derived.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Schrödinger Theory of Electrons: A Complementary Perspective.- Generalization of the Schrödinger Theory of Electrons.- Schrödinger-Pauli Theory of Electrons: A Complementary Perspective.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a remarkable and complete survey of important questions at the interface between theoretical particle physics and cosmology.After discussing the theoretical and experimental physics revolution that led to the rise of the Standard Model in the past century, the author reviews all the major open puzzles, among them the hierarchy problem, the small value of the cosmological constant, the matter-antimatter asymmetry, and the dark matter enigma, including the state-of-the-art regarding proposed solutions. Also addressed are the rapidly expanding fields of thermal dark matter, cosmological first-order phase transitions and gravitational-wave signatures. In addition, the book presents the original and interdisciplinary PhD research work of the author relating to Weakly-Interacting-Massive-Particles around the TeV scale, which are among the most studied dark matter candidates. Motivated by the absence of experimental evidence for such particles, this thesis explores the possibility that dark matter is much heavier than what is conventionally assumed.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Standard Model of Elementary Particles.- Standard Model of Cosmology.- Thermal Dark Matter.- Homeopathic Dark Matter.- First-order Cosmological Phase Transition.

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Book SynopsisThis Open Access book is drawn from lectures dispensed at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS) Summer 2021 Spin Class, by experts in the field. It is an introduction to the dynamics of spin in charged particle accelerators, and to the accelerator components and spin manipulation techniques, including helical snakes and spin rotators, which enable and allow preserving beam polarization. It is aimed at graduate students or upper division undergraduate students with an interest in this multi-disciplinary field, which includes the future electron-ion collider at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, high energy lepton and proton collider projects, and other electric dipole moment search storage rings. It is also aimed at physicists or engineers working in accelerator-related fields who wish to familiarize themselves with spin dynamics and polarized beam concepts, tools, components, and purposes.This is an open access book.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Past, Present, and Future of Polarized Hadron Beams (Thomas Roser).- Chapter 2. Spin Dynamics (François Méot) .- Chapter 3. Spinor Methods (François Méot) .- Chapter 4. Rotators and Snakes (Vadim Ptitsyn) .- Chapter 5. Polarization Preservation and Spin Manipulation (Haixin Huang) .- Chapter 6. Electron Polarization (Fanglei Lin) .- Chapter 7. Spin Matching (Vadim Ptitsyn) .- Chapter 8. Polarization in a GeV RLA (Yves Roblin) .- Chapter 9. Spin Codes (Vahid Ranjbar) .- Chapter 10. Polarized Ion Sources (Anatoli Zelenski) .- Chapter 11. Polarized Electron Sources (Joe Grames) .- Chapter 12. Ion Polarimetry (William Schmidke) .- Chapter 13. Electron Polarimetry (Dave Gaskell) .- Chapter 14. Spin Dynamics Tutorial: Numerical Simulations (Kiel Hock).

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Book SynopsisThis third edition expands on the original material. Large portions of the text have been reviewed and clarified. More emphasis is devoted to machine learning including more modern concepts and examples. This book provides the reader with the main concepts and tools needed to perform statistical analyses of experimental data, in particular in the field of high-energy physics (HEP).It starts with an introduction to probability theory and basic statistics, mainly intended as a refresher from readers’ advanced undergraduate studies, but also to help them clearly distinguish between the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches and interpretations in subsequent applications. Following, the author discusses Monte Carlo methods with emphasis on techniques like Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and the combination of measurements, introducing the best linear unbiased estimator. More advanced concepts and applications are gradually presented, including unfolding and regularization procedures, culminating in the chapter devoted to discoveries and upper limits.The reader learns through many applications in HEP where the hypothesis testing plays a major role and calculations of look-elsewhere effect are also presented. Many worked-out examples help newcomers to the field and graduate students alike understand the pitfalls involved in applying theoretical concepts to actual data.Trade Review“The book is important because, as AI and data science continue to shape the future, much interdisciplinary work is being done in many different domains. It is a very good example of interdisciplinary physics research using AI and data science. ... Graduate students are often expected to apply theoretical knowledge. This book will be an invaluable resource for them, to jumpstart their research by getting equipped with the right statistical and data analysis toolsets.” (Gulustan Dogan, Computing Reviews, August 8, 2023)Table of ContentsPreface to the third edition Preface to previous edition/s 1 Probability Theory 1.1 Why Probability Matters to a Physicist 1.2 The Concept of Probability 1.3 Repeatable and Non-Repeatable Cases 1.4 Different Approaches to Probability 1.5 Classical Probability 1.6 Generalization to the Continuum 1.7 Axiomatic Probability Definition 1.8 Probability Distributions 1.9 Conditional Probability 1.10 Independent Events 1.11 Law of Total Probability 1.12 Statistical Indicators: Average, Variance and Covariance 1.13 Statistical Indicators for a Finite Sample 1.14 Transformations of Variables 1.15 The Law of Large Numbers 1.16 Frequentist Definition of Probability References 2 Discrete Probability Distributions 2.1 The Bernoulli Distribution 2.2 The Binomial Distribution 2.3 The Multinomial Distribution 2.4 The Poisson Distribution References 3 Probability Distribution Functions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Definition of Probability Distribution Function 3.3 Average and Variance in the Continuous Case 3.4 Mode, Median, Quantiles 3.5 Cumulative Distribution 3.6 Continuous Transformations of Variables 3.7 Uniform Distribution 3.8 Gaussian Distribution 3.9 X^2 Distribution 3.10 Log Normal Distribution 3.11 Exponential Distribution3.12 Other Distributions Useful in Physics 3.13 Central Limit Theorem 3.14 Probability Distribution Functions in More than One Dimension 3.15 Gaussian Distributions in Two or More Dimensions References 4 Bayesian Approach to Probability 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Bayes’ Theorem 4.3 Bayesian Probability Definition 4.4 Bayesian Probability and Likelihood Functions 4.5 Bayesian Inference 4.6 Bayes Factors 4.7 Subjectiveness and Prior Choice 4.8 Jeffreys’ Prior 4.9 Reference priors 4.10 Improper Priors 4.11 Transformations of Variables and Error Propagation References 5 Random Numbers and Monte Carlo Methods 5.1 Pseudorandom Numbers 5.2 Pseudorandom Generators Properties 5.3 Uniform Random Number Generators 5.4 Discrete Random Number Generators 5.5 Nonuniform Random Number Generators 5.6 Monte Carlo Sampling 5.7 Numerical Integration with Monte Carlo Methods 5.8 Markov Chain Monte Carlo References 6 Parameter Estimate 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Inference 6.3 Parameters of Interest 6.4 Nuisance Parameters 6.5 Measurements and Their Uncertainties 6.6 Frequentist vs Bayesian Inference 6.7 Estimators 6.8 Properties of Estimators 6.9 Binomial Distribution for Efficiency Estimate 6.10 Maximum Likelihood Method 6.11 Errors with the Maximum Likelihood Method 6.12 Minimum X^2 and Least-Squares Methods 6.13 Binned Data Samples 6.14 Error Propagation 6.15 Treatment of Asymmetric Errors References7 Combining Measurements7.1 Introduction7.2 Simultaneous Fits and Control Regions7.3 Weighted Average7.4 X^2 in n Dimensions7.5 The Best Linear Unbiased EstimatorReferences 8 Confidence Intervals8.1 Introduction8.2 Neyman Confidence Intervals8.3 Binomial Intervals8.4 The Flip-Flopping Problem8.5 The Unified Feldman–Cousins ApproachReferences 9 Convolution and Unfolding9.1 Introduction9.2 Convolution9.3 Unfolding by Inversion of the Response Matrix9.4 Bin-by-Bin Correction Factors9.5 Regularized Unfolding9.6 Iterative Unfolding9.7 Other Unfolding Methods9.8 Software Implementations9.9 Unfolding in More DimensionsReferences10 Hypothesis Tests10.1 Introduction10.2 Test Statistic10.3 Type I and Type II Errors10.4 Fisher’s Linear Discriminant10.5 The Neyman–Pearson Lemma10.6 Projective Likelihood Ratio Discriminant10.7 Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test10.8 Wilks’ Theorem10.9 Likelihood Ratio in the Search for a New SignalReferences 11 Machine Learning11.1 Supervised and Unsupervised Learning11.2 Terminology11.3 Machine Learning Classification from a Statistical Point of View11.4 Bias-Variance tradeo11.5 Overtraining11.6 Artificial Neural Networks 11.7 Deep Learning11.8 Convolutional Neural Networks11.9 Boosted Decision Trees11.10 Multivariate Analysis ImplementationsReferences 12 Discoveries and Upper Limits12.1 Searches for New Phenomena: Discovery and Upper Limits12.2 Claiming a Discovery12.3 Excluding a Signal Hypothesis12.4 Combined Measurements and Likelihood Ratio12.5 Definitions of Upper Limit12.6 Bayesian Approach12.7 Frequentist Upper Limits12.8 Modified Frequentist Approach: the CLs Method12.9 Presenting Upper Limits: the Brazil Plot12.10 Nuisance Parameters and Systematic Uncertainties12.11 Upper Limits Using the Profile Likelihood12.12 Variations of the Profile-Likelihood Test Statistic12.13 The Look Elsewhere EffectReferences Index

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Book SynopsisGraduate students typically enter into courses on string theory having little to no familiarity with the mathematical background so crucial to the discipline. As such, this book, based on lecture notes, edited and expanded, from the graduate course taught by the author at SISSA and BIMSA, places particular emphasis on said mathematical background. The target audience for the book includes students of both theoretical physics and mathematics. This explains the book’s "strange" style: on the one hand, it is highly didactic and explicit, with a host of examples for the physicists, but, in addition, there are also almost 100 separate technical boxes, appendices, and starred sections, in which matters discussed in the main text are put into a broader mathematical perspective, while deeper and more rigorous points of view (particularly those from the modern era) are presented. The boxes also serve to further shore up the reader’s understanding of the underlying math. In writing this book, the author’s goal was not to achieve any sort of definitive conciseness, opting instead for clarity and "completeness". To this end, several arguments are presented more than once from different viewpoints and in varying contexts. Table of ContentsChapter 1. The Polyakov path integral. Chapter 2. Introduction to 2d conformal field theories. Chapter 3. Spectrum, vertices, and BRST quantization. Chapter 4. Tree and one-loop amplitudes in the bosonic string. Chapter 5. Consistent 10d superstring, modular invariance, and all that. Chapter 6. The Heterotic string: part I. Chapter 7. Toroidal compactifications and T-duality (bosonic string). Chapter 8. The Heterotic string: part II. Chapter 9. Superstring interactions and anomalies. Chapter 10. Superstring D-branes. Chapter 11. Strings at strong coupling. Chapter 12. Calabi-Yau compactifications. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the most common types of instabilities arising in classical field theories, namely tachyonic, Laplacian, ghost-like or strong coupling instabilities, also commenting on their quantum implications. The authors provide a detailed account on the Ostrogradski theorem and its implications for higher-order time-derivative field theories. After presenting the general concepts and formalism, they dive into its applications to particular field theories, using mainly modified gravity theories as examples. The book is intended for advanced undergraduate/graduate students, but can also be useful for researchers, for having a unified exposition of general results on instabilities in field theory and examples of their applications.Table of ContentsIntroduction to instabilities and some relevant examples.- Ostrogradski theorem and ghosts.- Examples of instabilities in gravity theories.- References.- Solutions.

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Book SynopsisTasty bits of several complex variables.- Scattering on periodic lattices.- Dispersion relation in QCD.- Schwinger Keldysh formalism.- Boundary view on analyticity.- Observables in expanding universes.- The analytic S-matrix revisited.- A timeless history of time.- Gravitational physics from scattering amplitudes.

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Book SynopsisAn energetic charged particle beam introduced to an rf cavity excites a wakefield therein. This wakefield can be decomposed into a series of higher order modes and multipoles, which for sufficiently small beam offsets are dominated by the dipole component. This work focuses on using these dipole modes to detect the beam position in third harmonic superconducting S-band cavities for light source applications. A rigorous examination of several means of analysing the beam position based on signals radiated to higher order modes ports is presented. Experimental results indicate a position resolution, based on this technique, of 20 microns over a complete module of 4 cavities. Methods are also indicated for improving the resolution and for applying this method to other cavity configurations. This work is distinguished by its clarity and potential for application to several other international facilities. The material is presented in a didactic style and is recommended both for students new to the field, and for scientists well-versed in the field of rf diagnostics.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Electromagnetic Eigenmode Simulations of the Third Harmonic Cavity.- Measurements of HOM Spectra.- Analysis Methods for Beam Position Extraction from HOM.- Dependencies of HOM on Transverse Beam Offsets.- HOM-Based Beam Position Diagnostics.- Conclusions.- Bibliography.- Mathematics.- Eigenmodes of an Ideal Third Harmonic Cavity.- Technical Details of the HOM Measurements.

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