Particle and high-energy physics Books
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Strongly Interacting Matter under Rotation
Book SynopsisThis book addresses the needs of growing community of graduate students and researchers new to the area, for a survey that covers a wide range of pertinent topics, summarizes the current status of the field, and provides the necessary pedagogical materials for newcomers. The investigation of strongly interacting matter under the influence of macroscopic rotational motion is a new, emerging area of research that encompasses a broad range of conventional physics disciplines such as nuclear physics, astrophysics, and condensed matter physics, where the non-trivial interplay between global rotation and spin is generating many novel phenomena. Edited and authored by leading researchers in the field, this book covers the following topics: thermodynamics and equilibrium distribution of rotating matter; quantum field theory and rotation; phase structure of QCD matter under rotation; kinetic theory of relativistic rotating matter; hydrodynamics with spin; magnetic effects in fluid systems with high vorticity and charge; polarization measurements in heavy ion collisions; hydrodynamic modeling of the QCD plasma and polarization calculation in relativistic heavy ion collisions; chiral vortical effect; rotational effects and related topics in neutron stars and condensed matter systems.Trade Review“The book is interesting to everyone who wants to have the detailed and comprehensive review of recent developments in strongly interacting matter under the influence of macroscopic rotational motion.” (Dominik Strzałka, zbMATH 1480.82001, 2022)Table of Contents1. Strongly Interacting Matter under Rotation: An Overview.- 2. Quantum Field Theory and Rotation.- 3. Thermodynamics of Rotating Matter.- 4. Phase Structure of Matter under Rotation.- 5. The Spin Transport of Relativistic Rotating Matter.- 6. Relativistic Hydrodynamics with Spin.- 7. Global and Local Polarization Measurements at RHIC.- 8. Global and Local Polarization Measurements at LHC.- 9. Vorticity and Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Hydrodynamic Models.- 10. Vorticity and Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Transport Models.- 11. Magnetic Effects of Charged Fluid under Rotation.- 12. A Review of Chiral Vertical Effect.
£52.24
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Holography and Magnetically Induced Phenomena in QCD
Book SynopsisThis book introduces the traditional and novel techniques required to study the thermodynamic and transport properties of quark–gluon plasma. In particular, it reviews the construction of improved holographic models for QCD-like confining gauge theories and their applications in the physics of quark–gluon plasma. It also discusses the recent advances in the development of hydrodynamic techniques, especially those incorporating the effects of external magnetic fields on transport. The book is primarily intended for researchers and graduate students with a background in quantum field theory and particle physics but who may not be familiar with the theory of strong interactions and holographic and hydrodynamic techniques required to study said interactions.Table of ContentsIntroduction: AdS/CFT and heavy ion collisions.- Holographic QCD theories.- Improved holographic QCD - construction of the theory.- Thermodynamics and the confinement/deconfinement transition.- Flavor sector.- Hydrodynamics and transport coefficients.- Hard probes.- ihQCD at finite B.- Conclusion and a look ahead.
£49.49
Springer Nature Switzerland AG A New Meta-heuristic Optimization Algorithm Based
Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the fields of nature-inspired algorithms, optimization problems and fuzzy logic. In this book, a new metaheuristic based on String Theory from Physics is proposed. It is important to mention that we have proposed the new algorithm to generate new potential solutions in optimization problems in order to find new ways that could improve the results in solving these problems. We are presenting the results for the proposed method in different cases of study. The first case, is optimization of traditional benchmark mathematical functions. The second case, is the optimization of benchmark functions of the CEC 2015 Competition and we are also presenting results of the CEC 2017 Competition on Constrained Real-Parameter Optimization that are problems that contain the presence of constraints that alter the shape of the search space making them more difficult to solve. Finally, in the third case, we are presenting the optimization of a fuzzy inference system, specifically for finding the optimal design of a fuzzy controller for an autonomous mobile robot. It is important to mention that in all study cases we are presenting statistical tests in or-der to validate the performance of proposed method. In summary, we believe that this book will be of great interest to a wide audience, ranging from engineering and science graduate students, to researchers and professors in computational intelligence, metaheuristics, optimization, robotics and control.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Literature Review.- String Theory Algorithm.- Simulation Results.- Conclusions
£40.49
Springer Nature Switzerland AG The Theory of Direct Dark Matter Detection: A Guide to Computations
Book SynopsisThis book is a pedagogical guide on how to make computations in direct dark matter (DM) detection. The theory behind the calculation of direct detection cross sections and rates is presented, touching aspects related to elementary particle physics, hadronic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The book is structured in self-contained sections, covering several topics ranging from the scattering kinematics to the phenomenology of direct DM searches. It follows a model-independent approach, aiming at providing the readers with all that is needed to understand the theory and start their own analysis. Meant for graduate students and researchers with interests in particle physics and phenomenology, it is enriched with several worked examples from standard and non-standard particle DM models. Senior researchers working in different areas related to dark matter, like particle and nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, find in this book a useful and updated guide for reference.Trade Review“I personally believe this is a very useful read for students, researchers already in the field, or anyone who wants to understand the theoretical framework behind every direct dark-matter-search experiment. I think Del Nobile managed to cover all the necessary ingredients in an extensive and yet not-overwhelming way, and this volume will definitely find its spot on many bookshelves.” (Nikolina Šarčević, The Observatory, Vol. 143 (1294), June, 2023)Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Rate Basics – Scattering rate – Detection rate 3. Scattering kinematics Preliminaries – Two-particle kinematics – Elastic scattering – Inelastic scattering 4. From quarks and gluons to nucleons Hadronic matrix elements – Scalar couplings – Pseudo-scalar couplings – Vector couplings – Axial-vector couplings – Tensor couplings 5. DM-nucleon interaction Non-relativistic expansion – Non-relativistic operators – Examples 6. From nucleons to nuclei Nuclear and single-nucleon matrix elements – Scattering amplitude – Nuclear form factors – Multipole expansion and nuclear responses – Scattering amplitude in the multipole expansion 7. Scattering cross section Differential cross section – Spin-independent interaction – Spin-dependent interaction – Vector-mediated interaction – Scalar-mediated interaction – Magnetic-dipole DM 8. DM velocity distribution and velocity integral DM velocity distribution in Earth’s frame – Annual modulation – Computing the velocity integral – Standard Halo Model 9. Phenomenology of direct DM detection Setup and example models – Rate spectrum – Constraining DM properties 10. Summary A kind of afterword – Two-pages summary – Q&A
£52.24
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Schrödinger Theory of Electrons: Complementary
Book SynopsisThis book presents a complementary perspective to Schrödinger theory of electrons in an electromagnetic field, one that does not appear in any text on quantum mechanics. The perspective, derived from Schrödinger theory, is that of the individual electron in the sea of electrons via its temporal and stationary-state equations of motion – the ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Second and First Laws. The Laws are in terms of ‘classical’ fields experienced by each electron, the sources of the fields being quantum-mechanical expectation values of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the wave function. Each electron experiences the external field, and internal fields representative of properties of the system, and a field descriptive of its response. The energies are obtained in terms of the fields. The ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Laws lead to physical insights, and new properties of the electronic system are revealed. New mathematical understandings of Schrödinger theory emerge which show the equation to be intrinsically self-consistent. Another complimentary perspective to Schrödinger theory is its manifestation as a local effective potential theory described via Quantal Density Functional theory. This description too is in terms of ‘classical’ fields and quantal sources. The theory provides a rigorous physical explanation of the mapping from the interacting system to the local potential theory equivalent. The complementary perspective to stationary ground state Schrödinger theory founded in the theorems of Hohenberg and Kohn, their extension to the presence of a magnetic field and to the temporal domain – Modern Density Functional Theory -- is also described. The new perspectives are elucidated by application to analytically solvable interacting systems. These solutions and other relevant wave function properties are derived.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Schrödinger Theory of Electrons: A Complementary Perspective.- Generalization of the Schrödinger Theory of Electrons.- Schrödinger-Pauli Theory of Electrons: A Complementary Perspective.
£113.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Schrödinger Theory of Electrons: Complementary
Book SynopsisThis book presents a complementary perspective to Schrödinger theory of electrons in an electromagnetic field, one that does not appear in any text on quantum mechanics. The perspective, derived from Schrödinger theory, is that of the individual electron in the sea of electrons via its temporal and stationary-state equations of motion – the ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Second and First Laws. The Laws are in terms of ‘classical’ fields experienced by each electron, the sources of the fields being quantum-mechanical expectation values of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the wave function. Each electron experiences the external field, and internal fields representative of properties of the system, and a field descriptive of its response. The energies are obtained in terms of the fields. The ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Laws lead to physical insights, and new properties of the electronic system are revealed. New mathematical understandings of Schrödinger theory emerge which show the equation to be intrinsically self-consistent. Another complimentary perspective to Schrödinger theory is its manifestation as a local effective potential theory described via Quantal Density Functional theory. This description too is in terms of ‘classical’ fields and quantal sources. The theory provides a rigorous physical explanation of the mapping from the interacting system to the local potential theory equivalent. The complementary perspective to stationary ground state Schrödinger theory founded in the theorems of Hohenberg and Kohn, their extension to the presence of a magnetic field and to the temporal domain – Modern Density Functional Theory -- is also described. The new perspectives are elucidated by application to analytically solvable interacting systems. These solutions and other relevant wave function properties are derived.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Schrödinger Theory of Electrons: A Complementary Perspective.- Generalization of the Schrödinger Theory of Electrons.- Schrödinger-Pauli Theory of Electrons: A Complementary Perspective.
£107.99
Springer International Publishing AG Particle Polarization in High Energy Physics: An Introduction and Case Studies on Vector Particle Production at the LHC
Book SynopsisThis open-access book addresses the following questions: how does the polarization of a particle, i.e., the angular momentum state in which it is produced, manifest itself in nature? What are the concepts and tools needed to perform rigorous measurements providing complete and unambiguous physical information?Polarization measurements are important because they reflect the nature and coupling properties of a particle and provide unique insights into the underlying fundamental interactions, playing a central role in the study and understanding of the mechanisms of particle production.Besides gradually reviewing many fundamental notions, the book presents several case studies relevant to physics analyses underway at the LHC, including the lepton-antilepton decays of vector states (Drell–Yan, Z and W bosons, quarkonia, etc.). The book also offers a detailed discussion of cascade decays, where the vector particle is a daughter of another particle, as well as a survey of typical angular distributions of particles of any integer or half-integer spin.With a visual approach to the presentation of the concepts and frequent use of pedagogical examples, taken from real measurements, gedankenexperiments, or detailed simulations, the book focuses on aspects of polarization measurements that are sometimes underestimated or left unexplored in experimental analyses, such as the importance of the choice of the reference frame, the existence of frame-independent relations, and the shapes of the physically allowed parameter domains. Several examples are provided of pitfalls introduced when the intrinsic multidimensionality of the problem is neglected in exchange for a simplified analysis.Targeting an audience of graduate students, post-docs, and other researchers involved in analyses of LHC data, this book helps to establish a solid bridge between high precision data, existing or soon to be collected, and accurate measurements, including high-sensitivity tests of the Standard Model.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Basics of Angular Distributions.- 3. Two-body Decays of vector particles.- 4. Pitfalls in Polarization Measurements.- 5. Using Polarization to Discriminate Physical Hypotheses.
£37.17
Springer International Publishing AG Perturbative Aspects of the Deconfinement Transition: Beyond the Faddeev-Popov Paradigm
Book SynopsisThis book offers an original view of the color confinement/deconfinement transition that occurs in non-abelian gauge theories at high temperature and/or densities. It is grounded on the fact that the standard Faddeev-Popov gauge-fixing procedure in the Landau gauge is incomplete. The proper analysis of the low energy properties of non-abelian theories in this gauge requires, therefore, the extension of the gauge-fixing procedure, beyond the Faddeev-Popov recipe. The author reviews various applications of one such extension, based on the Curci-Ferrari model, with a special focus on the confinement/deconfinement transition, first in the case of pure Yang-Mills theory, and then, in a formal regime of Quantum Chromodynamics where all quarks are considered heavy. He shows that most qualitative aspects and also many quantitative features of the deconfinement transition can be accounted for within the model, with only one additional parameter. Moreover, these features emerge in a systematic and controlled perturbative expansion, as opposed to what would happen in a perturbative expansion within the Faddeev-Popov model. The book is also intended as a thorough and pedagogical introduction to background field gauge techniques at finite temperature and/or density. In particular, it offers a new and promising view on the way these techniques might be applied at finite temperature. The material aims at graduate students or researchers who wish to deepen their understanding of the confinement/deconfinement transition from an analytical perspective. Basic knowledge of gauge theories at finite temperature is required, although the text is designed in a self-contained manner, with most concepts and tools introduced when needed. At the end of each chapter, a series of exercises is proposed to master the subject.Table of ContentsGeneral introduction Chapter 1: Faddeev-Popov gauge fixing and the Curci-Ferrari model 1.1 Standard gauge fixing 1.2 Infrared completion of the gauge fixing 1.3 Review of results within the Curci-Ferrari model Appendix: BRST transformations under the functional integral Chapter 2: Deconfinement transition and center symmetry 2.1 The Polyakov loop 2.2 Center symmetry 2.3 Center symmetry and gauge fixing Chapter 3: Background Field Gauges: States and Symmetries 3.1 The role of the background field with regard to center symmetry 3.2 Self-consistent backgrounds 3.3 Other symmetries 3.4 Additional remarks Chapter 4: Background Field Gauges: Weyl chambers 4.1 Constant temporal backgrounds 4.2 Winding and Weyl transformations 4.3 Weyl chambers and symmetries Appendix: Euclidean space-time symmetries Chapter 5: Yang-Mills deconfinement transition from the Curci-Ferrari model at leading order 5.1 Landau-deWitt gauge 5.2 Background field effective potential 5.3 SU(2) and SU(3) gauge groups 5.4 Thermodynamics Chapter 6: Yang-Mills deconfinement transition from the Curci-Ferrari model at next-to-leading order 6.1 Feynman rules and color conservation 6.2 Two-loop effective potential 6.3 Next-to-leading order Polyakov loop 6.4 Results Chapter 7: More on the relation between the center symmetry group and the deconfinement transition 7.1 Polyakov loops in other representations 7.2 SU(4) Weyl chambers 7.3 One-loop results7.4 Casimir scaling Chapter 8: Background field gauges: adding quarks and density 8.1 General considerations 8.2 Continuum sign problems 8.3 Background field gauges Chapter 9: QCD decofinement transition in the heavy quark regime9.1 Background effective potential9.2 Phase structure at vanishing chemical potential9.3 Phase structure at imaginary chemical potential9.4 Phase structure at real chemical potentialChapter 10: A novel look at background field methods at finite temperature 10.1 Limitations of the standard approach 10.2 Center-symmetric Landau gauge 10.3 Implementation within the Curci-Ferrari model 10.4 Results 10.5 Connection to the self-consistent backgroundsConclusions and outlookAppendix A: The SU(N) Lie algebra Appendix B: Evaluating Matsubara sums
£52.27
Springer International Publishing AG Beyond the Standard Model Cocktail: A Modern and
Book SynopsisThis book provides a remarkable and complete survey of important questions at the interface between theoretical particle physics and cosmology.After discussing the theoretical and experimental physics revolution that led to the rise of the Standard Model in the past century, the author reviews all the major open puzzles, among them the hierarchy problem, the small value of the cosmological constant, the matter-antimatter asymmetry, and the dark matter enigma, including the state-of-the-art regarding proposed solutions. Also addressed are the rapidly expanding fields of thermal dark matter, cosmological first-order phase transitions and gravitational-wave signatures. In addition, the book presents the original and interdisciplinary PhD research work of the author relating to Weakly-Interacting-Massive-Particles around the TeV scale, which are among the most studied dark matter candidates. Motivated by the absence of experimental evidence for such particles, this thesis explores the possibility that dark matter is much heavier than what is conventionally assumed.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Standard Model of Elementary Particles.- Standard Model of Cosmology.- Thermal Dark Matter.- Homeopathic Dark Matter.- First-order Cosmological Phase Transition.
£151.99
Springer International Publishing AG Elementary Particles and Their Interactions
Book SynopsisThe Standard Model of elementary particle physics was tentatively outlined in the early 1970s. The concepts of quarks, leptons, neutrinos, gauge symmetries, chiral interactions, Higgs boson, strong force, weak force, and electromagnetism were all put together to form a unifying theory of elementary particles. Furthermore, the model was developed within the context of relativistic quantum field theory, making it compatible with all of the laws of Einstein's Special Relativity. The successes of the Standard Model over the years have been tremendous and enduring, leading up to the recent discovery and continuing study of the Higgs boson. This book is a comprehensive and technical introduction to Standard Model physics. Martin and Wells provide readers who have no prior knowledge of quantum field theory or particle physics a firm foundation into the fundamentals of both. The emphasis is on obtaining practical knowledge of how to calculate cross-sections and decay rates. There is no better way to understand the necessary abstract knowledge and solidify its meaning than to learn how to apply it to the computation of observables that can be measured in a laboratory. Beginning graduate students, both experimental and theoretical, and advanced undergraduate students interested in particle physics, will find this to be an ideal one-semester textbook to begin their technical learning of elementary particle physics.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Special Relativity and Lorentz Transformations.- Relativistic Quantum Mechanics of Single Particles.- Field Theory and Lagrangians.- Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED).- Decay Processes.- Fermi Theory of Weak Interactions.- Gauge theories.- Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD).- Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking.- The Standard Electroweak Model.
£75.99
Springer International Publishing AG Polarized Beam Dynamics and Instrumentation in
Book SynopsisThis Open Access book is drawn from lectures dispensed at the U.S. Particle Accelerator School (USPAS) Summer 2021 Spin Class, by experts in the field. It is an introduction to the dynamics of spin in charged particle accelerators, and to the accelerator components and spin manipulation techniques, including helical snakes and spin rotators, which enable and allow preserving beam polarization. It is aimed at graduate students or upper division undergraduate students with an interest in this multi-disciplinary field, which includes the future electron-ion collider at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, high energy lepton and proton collider projects, and other electric dipole moment search storage rings. It is also aimed at physicists or engineers working in accelerator-related fields who wish to familiarize themselves with spin dynamics and polarized beam concepts, tools, components, and purposes.This is an open access book.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Past, Present, and Future of Polarized Hadron Beams (Thomas Roser).- Chapter 2. Spin Dynamics (François Méot) .- Chapter 3. Spinor Methods (François Méot) .- Chapter 4. Rotators and Snakes (Vadim Ptitsyn) .- Chapter 5. Polarization Preservation and Spin Manipulation (Haixin Huang) .- Chapter 6. Electron Polarization (Fanglei Lin) .- Chapter 7. Spin Matching (Vadim Ptitsyn) .- Chapter 8. Polarization in a GeV RLA (Yves Roblin) .- Chapter 9. Spin Codes (Vahid Ranjbar) .- Chapter 10. Polarized Ion Sources (Anatoli Zelenski) .- Chapter 11. Polarized Electron Sources (Joe Grames) .- Chapter 12. Ion Polarimetry (William Schmidke) .- Chapter 13. Electron Polarimetry (Dave Gaskell) .- Chapter 14. Spin Dynamics Tutorial: Numerical Simulations (Kiel Hock).
£31.49
Springer International Publishing AG Statistical Methods for Data Analysis: With
Book SynopsisThis third edition expands on the original material. Large portions of the text have been reviewed and clarified. More emphasis is devoted to machine learning including more modern concepts and examples. This book provides the reader with the main concepts and tools needed to perform statistical analyses of experimental data, in particular in the field of high-energy physics (HEP).It starts with an introduction to probability theory and basic statistics, mainly intended as a refresher from readers’ advanced undergraduate studies, but also to help them clearly distinguish between the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches and interpretations in subsequent applications. Following, the author discusses Monte Carlo methods with emphasis on techniques like Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and the combination of measurements, introducing the best linear unbiased estimator. More advanced concepts and applications are gradually presented, including unfolding and regularization procedures, culminating in the chapter devoted to discoveries and upper limits.The reader learns through many applications in HEP where the hypothesis testing plays a major role and calculations of look-elsewhere effect are also presented. Many worked-out examples help newcomers to the field and graduate students alike understand the pitfalls involved in applying theoretical concepts to actual data.Trade Review“The book is important because, as AI and data science continue to shape the future, much interdisciplinary work is being done in many different domains. It is a very good example of interdisciplinary physics research using AI and data science. ... Graduate students are often expected to apply theoretical knowledge. This book will be an invaluable resource for them, to jumpstart their research by getting equipped with the right statistical and data analysis toolsets.” (Gulustan Dogan, Computing Reviews, August 8, 2023)Table of ContentsPreface to the third edition Preface to previous edition/s 1 Probability Theory 1.1 Why Probability Matters to a Physicist 1.2 The Concept of Probability 1.3 Repeatable and Non-Repeatable Cases 1.4 Different Approaches to Probability 1.5 Classical Probability 1.6 Generalization to the Continuum 1.7 Axiomatic Probability Definition 1.8 Probability Distributions 1.9 Conditional Probability 1.10 Independent Events 1.11 Law of Total Probability 1.12 Statistical Indicators: Average, Variance and Covariance 1.13 Statistical Indicators for a Finite Sample 1.14 Transformations of Variables 1.15 The Law of Large Numbers 1.16 Frequentist Definition of Probability References 2 Discrete Probability Distributions 2.1 The Bernoulli Distribution 2.2 The Binomial Distribution 2.3 The Multinomial Distribution 2.4 The Poisson Distribution References 3 Probability Distribution Functions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Definition of Probability Distribution Function 3.3 Average and Variance in the Continuous Case 3.4 Mode, Median, Quantiles 3.5 Cumulative Distribution 3.6 Continuous Transformations of Variables 3.7 Uniform Distribution 3.8 Gaussian Distribution 3.9 X^2 Distribution 3.10 Log Normal Distribution 3.11 Exponential Distribution3.12 Other Distributions Useful in Physics 3.13 Central Limit Theorem 3.14 Probability Distribution Functions in More than One Dimension 3.15 Gaussian Distributions in Two or More Dimensions References 4 Bayesian Approach to Probability 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Bayes’ Theorem 4.3 Bayesian Probability Definition 4.4 Bayesian Probability and Likelihood Functions 4.5 Bayesian Inference 4.6 Bayes Factors 4.7 Subjectiveness and Prior Choice 4.8 Jeffreys’ Prior 4.9 Reference priors 4.10 Improper Priors 4.11 Transformations of Variables and Error Propagation References 5 Random Numbers and Monte Carlo Methods 5.1 Pseudorandom Numbers 5.2 Pseudorandom Generators Properties 5.3 Uniform Random Number Generators 5.4 Discrete Random Number Generators 5.5 Nonuniform Random Number Generators 5.6 Monte Carlo Sampling 5.7 Numerical Integration with Monte Carlo Methods 5.8 Markov Chain Monte Carlo References 6 Parameter Estimate 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Inference 6.3 Parameters of Interest 6.4 Nuisance Parameters 6.5 Measurements and Their Uncertainties 6.6 Frequentist vs Bayesian Inference 6.7 Estimators 6.8 Properties of Estimators 6.9 Binomial Distribution for Efficiency Estimate 6.10 Maximum Likelihood Method 6.11 Errors with the Maximum Likelihood Method 6.12 Minimum X^2 and Least-Squares Methods 6.13 Binned Data Samples 6.14 Error Propagation 6.15 Treatment of Asymmetric Errors References7 Combining Measurements7.1 Introduction7.2 Simultaneous Fits and Control Regions7.3 Weighted Average7.4 X^2 in n Dimensions7.5 The Best Linear Unbiased EstimatorReferences 8 Confidence Intervals8.1 Introduction8.2 Neyman Confidence Intervals8.3 Binomial Intervals8.4 The Flip-Flopping Problem8.5 The Unified Feldman–Cousins ApproachReferences 9 Convolution and Unfolding9.1 Introduction9.2 Convolution9.3 Unfolding by Inversion of the Response Matrix9.4 Bin-by-Bin Correction Factors9.5 Regularized Unfolding9.6 Iterative Unfolding9.7 Other Unfolding Methods9.8 Software Implementations9.9 Unfolding in More DimensionsReferences10 Hypothesis Tests10.1 Introduction10.2 Test Statistic10.3 Type I and Type II Errors10.4 Fisher’s Linear Discriminant10.5 The Neyman–Pearson Lemma10.6 Projective Likelihood Ratio Discriminant10.7 Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test10.8 Wilks’ Theorem10.9 Likelihood Ratio in the Search for a New SignalReferences 11 Machine Learning11.1 Supervised and Unsupervised Learning11.2 Terminology11.3 Machine Learning Classification from a Statistical Point of View11.4 Bias-Variance tradeo11.5 Overtraining11.6 Artificial Neural Networks 11.7 Deep Learning11.8 Convolutional Neural Networks11.9 Boosted Decision Trees11.10 Multivariate Analysis ImplementationsReferences 12 Discoveries and Upper Limits12.1 Searches for New Phenomena: Discovery and Upper Limits12.2 Claiming a Discovery12.3 Excluding a Signal Hypothesis12.4 Combined Measurements and Likelihood Ratio12.5 Definitions of Upper Limit12.6 Bayesian Approach12.7 Frequentist Upper Limits12.8 Modified Frequentist Approach: the CLs Method12.9 Presenting Upper Limits: the Brazil Plot12.10 Nuisance Parameters and Systematic Uncertainties12.11 Upper Limits Using the Profile Likelihood12.12 Variations of the Profile-Likelihood Test Statistic12.13 The Look Elsewhere EffectReferences Index
£52.27
Springer International Publishing AG Instabilities in Field Theory: A Primer with Applications in Modified Gravity
Book SynopsisThis book presents the most common types of instabilities arising in classical field theories, namely tachyonic, Laplacian, ghost-like or strong coupling instabilities, also commenting on their quantum implications. The authors provide a detailed account on the Ostrogradski theorem and its implications for higher-order time-derivative field theories. After presenting the general concepts and formalism, they dive into its applications to particular field theories, using mainly modified gravity theories as examples. The book is intended for advanced undergraduate/graduate students, but can also be useful for researchers, for having a unified exposition of general results on instabilities in field theory and examples of their applications.Table of ContentsIntroduction to instabilities and some relevant examples.- Ostrogradski theorem and ghosts.- Examples of instabilities in gravity theories.- References.- Solutions.
£33.24
Springer International Publishing AG Scattering Amplitudes in Quantum Field Theory
Book SynopsisThis open access book bridges a gap between introductory Quantum Field Theory (QFT) courses and state-of-the-art research in scattering amplitudes. It covers the path from basic definitions of QFT to amplitudes, which are relevant for processes in the Standard Model of particle physics. The book begins with a concise yet self-contained introduction to QFT, including perturbative quantum gravity. It then presents modern methods for calculating scattering amplitudes, focusing on tree-level amplitudes, loop-level integrands and loop integration techniques. These methods help to reveal intriguing relations between gauge and gravity amplitudes and are of increasing importance for obtaining high-precision predictions for collider experiments, such as those at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as for foundational mathematical physics studies in QFT, including recent applications to gravitational wave physics.These course-tested lecture notes include numerous exercises with solutions. Requiring only minimal knowledge of QFT, they are well-suited for MSc and PhD students as a preparation for research projects in theoretical particle physics. They can be used as a one-semester graduate level course, or as a self-study guide for researchers interested in fundamental aspects of quantum field theory.Table of Contents1. Introduction & basics1.1 Poincaré group & representations 1.2. Weyl & Dirac spinors 1.3. Non-abelian gauge theories 1.4. Perturbative quantum gravity 1.5. Feynman-rules 1.6. Spinor helicity formalism for massless particles 1.7. Polarizations 1.8. Color decomposition 1.9. Color ordered amplitudes 1.10. Outlook 1: Massive spinor helicity 1.11. Outlook 2: Momentum twistors 2. Tree-level amplitudes 2.1. BCFW recursion 2.2. 3-point amplitudes 2.3. Factorizations2.4. Symmetries of scattering amplitudes 2.5. Dualities for gluons & gravitons 2.6. Massive BCFW2.7. Outlook 1: Scattering eqs. and the CHY Formalism 3. Loop-level integrands and amplitudes 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Unitarity and Cut-Construction 3.3. Generalised Unitarity3.4. Reduction methods 3.5. General method for one-loop amplitudes 3.5.1. The integral basis 3.5.2. Constructing integrand basis for box, triangle and bubble topologies 3.5.3. D-dimensional integrands and rational terms 3.5.4. Direct construction method (Forde) 3.6. Outlook: multi-loop integrand reduction 4. Loop integration techniques and special functions 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Conventions and Feynman parameter method 4.3. Ultraviolet and infrared divergences 4.4. Mellin-Barnes method4.5. Feynman integrals and transcedental weights 4.6. Differential equation method 4.7. Functional identities and symbol method 4.8. Other topics 4.9. Exercises 4.10. Outlook, suggested reading for student presentations 5. Exercises with solutions
£31.49
Springer International Publishing AG First Differential Measurements of tZq Production
Book SynopsisThis thesis describes two groundbreaking measurements in the precision frontier at the LHC: the first ever differential measurement of the Z-associated single top quark (tZq) production, and the luminosity measurement using Z boson production rate for the first time in CMS. Observed only in 2018, the tZq process is of great importance in probing top quark electroweak couplings. These couplings are natural places for new phenomena to happen in the top quark sector of the standard model. Yet, they are the least explored directly. One has to obtain a firm understanding of the modeling of sensitive distributions to new top-Z interactions. The present analysis marks a major milestone in this long-term effort. All distributions relevant for new phenomena, and/or modeling of tZq, are studied in full depth using advanced Machine Learning techniques.The luminosity and its uncertainty contributes to every physics result of the experiment. The method minutely developed in this thesis provides a complementary measurement that results in a significant overall reduction of uncertainties.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Theoretical Foundations of Single Top Quark Physics at the LHC.- The CMS Experiment at the LHC.- Luminosity Determination Using Z Boson Production.- Measurements of Single Top Quark Production in Association With a Z Boson. Summary and conclusions.
£116.99
Springer Evolution of Silicon Sensor Technology in
Book SynopsisBasic Principles of a Silicon Detector.- Radiation Damage in Silicon Detector Devices.- First Steps with Silicon Sensors: NA11 (Proof of Principle).- The DELPHI Microvertex Detector at LEP.- CDF: The World's Largest Silicon Detector in the 20th Century; the First Silicon Detector at a Hadron Collider.- CMS: Increasing Size by two Orders of Magnitude.- CMS Phase 2: Tracker Upgrade and High Granularity Forward Calorimeter.- Continuing the Story: Detectors for a Future Linear Collider (ILC) or a Future Circular Collider (FCC).- Conclusion and Outlook.- Glossary.
£134.99
Springer Introduction to Neutrino and Particle Physics
Book Synopsis1 Historical survey.- 2 Global symmetries.- 3 Gauge theories.- 4 The Standard Model.- 5 The mass of neutrinos.- 6 The mixing of neutrinos.- 7 Natural neutrino sources.- 8 Oscillations at reactors and accelerators.- 9 Neutrino cross sections.- 10 Theoretical and experimental prospects.- References.
£59.84
Springer Detectors in HighEnergy Physics Experiments
Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Interactions of Charged Particles and Photons with Matter and Fields.- Measurements of Energy Loss of Charged Particles.- Gaseous Tracking Detectors.- Momentum Measurements.- Detectors for Vertex Measurements.- Detectors for Energy Measurements.- Photodetectors, Plastic Scintillators and Time Measurements.- Particle Identification Techniques and Devices.- Trigger and Data Acquisition.- Examples of Full Detector Systems.
£40.49
Springer Records from the SMatrix Marathon
Book SynopsisTasty bits of several complex variables.- Scattering on periodic lattices.- Dispersion relation in QCD.- Schwinger Keldysh formalism.- Boundary view on analyticity.- Observables in expanding universes.- The analytic S-matrix revisited.- A timeless history of time.- Gravitational physics from scattering amplitudes.
£89.99
Springer International Publishing AG Beam Diagnostics in Superconducting Accelerating
Book SynopsisAn energetic charged particle beam introduced to an rf cavity excites a wakefield therein. This wakefield can be decomposed into a series of higher order modes and multipoles, which for sufficiently small beam offsets are dominated by the dipole component. This work focuses on using these dipole modes to detect the beam position in third harmonic superconducting S-band cavities for light source applications. A rigorous examination of several means of analysing the beam position based on signals radiated to higher order modes ports is presented. Experimental results indicate a position resolution, based on this technique, of 20 microns over a complete module of 4 cavities. Methods are also indicated for improving the resolution and for applying this method to other cavity configurations. This work is distinguished by its clarity and potential for application to several other international facilities. The material is presented in a didactic style and is recommended both for students new to the field, and for scientists well-versed in the field of rf diagnostics.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Electromagnetic Eigenmode Simulations of the Third Harmonic Cavity.- Measurements of HOM Spectra.- Analysis Methods for Beam Position Extraction from HOM.- Dependencies of HOM on Transverse Beam Offsets.- HOM-Based Beam Position Diagnostics.- Conclusions.- Bibliography.- Mathematics.- Eigenmodes of an Ideal Third Harmonic Cavity.- Technical Details of the HOM Measurements.
£80.99
Springer International Publishing AG Quantum Aspects of Black Holes
Book SynopsisBeginning with an overview of the theory of black holes by the editor, this book presents a collection of ten chapters by leading physicists dealing with the variety of quantum mechanical and quantum gravitational effects pertinent to black holes. The contributions address topics such as Hawking radiation, the thermodynamics of black holes, the information paradox and firewalls, Monsters, primordial black holes, self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates, the formation of small black holes in high energetic collisions of particles, minimal length effects in black holes and small black holes at the Large Hadron Collider. Viewed as a whole the collection provides stimulating reading for researchers and graduate students seeking a summary of the quantum features of black holes.Table of ContentsFundamental Physics with Black Holes (Xavier Calmet).- Black holes and thermodynamics - The first half century (Daniel Grumiller, Robert McNees and Jakob Salzer).- The Firewall Phenomenon (R. B. Mann).- Monsters, Black holes and Entropy (Stephen D. H. Hsu).- Primordial Black Holes: sirens of the early Universe (Anne M. Green).- Self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates (Pierre-Henri Chavanis).- Quantum Amplitudes in Black-Hole Evaporation with Local Supersymmetry (P.D.D'Eath and A.N.St.J.Farley).- Hawking radiation from higher-dimensional black holes (Panagiota Kanti and Elizabeth Winstanley).- Black Holes at the Large Hadron Collider (Greg Landsberg).- Minimum length effects in black hole physics (Roberto Casadio, Octavian Micu, Piero Nicolini).
£42.74
Springer International Publishing AG Lectures on Matrix Field Theory
Book SynopsisThese lecture notes provide a systematic introduction to matrix models of quantum field theories with non-commutative and fuzzy geometries. The book initially focuses on the matrix formulation of non-commutative and fuzzy spaces, followed by a description of the non-perturbative treatment of the corresponding field theories. As an example, the phase structure of non-commutative phi-four theory is treated in great detail, with a separate chapter on the multitrace approach. The last chapter offers a general introduction to non-commutative gauge theories, while two appendices round out the text. Primarily written as a self-study guide for postgraduate students – with the aim of pedagogically introducing them to key analytical and numerical tools, as well as useful physical models in applications – these lecture notes will also benefit experienced researchers by providing a reference guide to the fundamentals of non-commutative field theory with an emphasis on matrix models and fuzzy geometries.Trade Review“The book collects almost all that has been achieved on the topic within the recent years, including all major results of many authors. As such, it is a nice reference work for graduate students and beginning researchers who want to pursue research in this area. Having all the results and different approaches collected in one place, together with the exhaustive list of references make this a valuable compendium to everyone working on noncommutative models of quantum field theory.” (Andrzej Sitarz, zbMATH 1371.81013, 2017)Table of ContentsPreface.- Introductory Remarks.- The Non-Commutative Moyal-Weyl Spaces Rd.- The Fuzzy Sphere.- Quantum Non-Commutative Phi-Four.- The Multitrace Approach.- Non-Commutative Gauge Theory.- Appendix A - The Landau States.- Appendix B - The Traces TrtAtB and TrtAtBtCtD.- Index.
£38.24
Springer International Publishing AG Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories: From Quarks to Strings via SUSY GUTs
Book SynopsisThese course-tested lectures provide a technical introduction to Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (SUSY GUTs), as well as a personal view on the topic by one of the pioneers in the field. While the Standard Model of Particle Physics is incredibly successful in describing the known universe it is, nevertheless, an incomplete theory with many free parameters and open issues. An elegant solution to all of these quandaries is the proposed theory of SUSY GUTs. In a GUT, quarks and leptons are related in a simple way by the unifying symmetry and their electric charges are quantized, further the relative strength of the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces are predicted. SUSY GUTs additionally provide a framework for understanding particle masses and offer candidates for dark matter. Finally, with the extension of SUSY GUTs to string theory, a quantum-mechanically consistent unification of the four known forces (including gravity) is obtained. The book is organized in three sections: the first section contains a brief introduction to the Standard Model, supersymmetry and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Then SUSY GUTs in four space-time dimensions are introduced and reviewed. In addition, the cosmological issues concerning SUSY GUTs are discussed. Then the requirements for embedding a 4D SUSY GUT into higher-dimensional theories including gravity (i.e. String Theory) are investigated. Accordingly, section two of the course is devoted to discussing the so-called Orbifold GUTs and how in turn they solve some of the technical problems of 4D SUSY GUTs. Orbifold GUTs introduce a new set of open issues, which are then resolved in the third section in which it is shown how to embed Orbifold GUTs into the E(8) x E(8) Heterotic String in 10 space-time dimensions.Trade Review“I enjoyed this book very much and found it useful for refreshing my views and learning something new about SUSY, namely about the GUT state of affairs. I recommend it to individual researchers and to libraries in research universities, physics departments, and HEP laboratories.” (Paulo Moniz, Mathematical Reviews, January, 2018)Table of ContentsThe Standard Model:background.- The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM).- Supersymmetric GUTs in 4 space-time dimensions.- SUSY GUTs meets data: LHC, fermion masses and mixing angles, dark matter.- Problems of 4 D SUSY GUTs.- SUSY GUTs in 5 or 6 dimensions : Orbifold GUTs.- SUSY breaking in extra dimensions.- Orbifold GUTs meet data.- SUSY GUTs in string theory : background.- Heterotic orbifold constructions.- Guaranteeing the MSSM, proton decay and precise gauge coupling unification.- Smooth heterotic constructions.- Type II string models and F theory – lectures.- Stabilizing moduli and SUSY breaking.- Cosmology.- Conclusions and Outlook.
£66.49
Springer International Publishing AG The Dark Arrow of Time: A Scientific Novel
Book SynopsisThis riveting scientific novel combines adventure, love, suspense, magic, pathos, and mystery in a carefully woven plot that is full of unexpected twists and turns. The author is an astrophysicist who has developed an alternative theory, which holds that traveling in time is possible. Time is, in fact, the real protagonist of the novel and of the intrigue surrounding the attempt to seize the secret of Time’s other arrow, the dark arrow normally hidden from us, which points back at our past. The underlying premise is that antimatter is nothing more than common matter moving backwards in time. The justification for this interpretation has been with us for some time, “hiding in plain sight” within Maxwell’s equations, the Lorentz transformations, the CPT theorem of relativistic quantum mechanics, and Feynman diagrams. While the science underlying the narrative is explained whenever necessary, sometimes with the aid of simple mathematical formulas, these scientific asides account for only a small part of the book, which will appeal to a wide audience, including readers who are far from being science buffs.Table of ContentsI Very fidgety, the fat lady next to him.- II They were flying over gentle crimson hills.- III Helias slept fitfully.- IV “Why did you do that?”.- V The next morning it rained.- VI Seated behind his enormous desk.- VII A sort of autumn had arrived.- VIII The professor, with his most blissful expression.- IX As they came closer to Mars.- X The pilot and the prisoner had reached the shuttle.- XI Nothing moved in the silent valley.- XII Helias was stretched out on the floor of his room.- XIII “Are they high enough yet?”.- XIV The meeting had left Helias Kadler shaken and confused.- XV In that moment, Helias could remember very little of his conjectures.- XVI But Dr. Kadler, that hot afternoon near a sea on the planet Thaýma.- XVII Helias had sat down on the step.- XVIII Everything had ended well.
£15.00
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Elementarteilchen: Eine Einführung für
Book SynopsisDie Autoren beginnen mit einem historischen Rückblick auf die Entstehung der modernen Physik und die ersten Erfolge bei der Beschreibung der vier fundamentalen Kräfte der Natur: der Elektrodynamik, der Schwachen und Starken Kernkräfte und der Schwerkraft. Die Darstellung der großen Fortschritte der 60er und 70er Jahre mit der Entstehung des Standardmodells der Elementarteilchenphysik ist im Aufbau eher systematisch. Der Schwerpunkt liegt aber stets auf der Einführung des Lesers in die Konzepte und Begriffe dieser Wissenschaft, ohne aber den mathematischen Apparat in Anspruch zu nehmen. Wie die zahlreichen Bilder dienen die Formeln eher zur Illustration des Textes und stellen keine strengen Herleitungen dar. Im abschließenden Kapitel wird versucht, den derzeitigen Forschungsstand wiederzugeben und die aktuellen Bemühungen der Physiker um ein besseres Verständnis der Kräfte der Natur vorzustellen.Table of ContentsGrundlagen der Teilchenphysik - Starke Wechselwirkung - Schwache Wechselwirkung I - Schwache Wechselwirkung II - Eichtheorie der Schwachen Wechselwirkung - Tief unelastische Streuung - Quantenchromodynamik, die Theorie der Quarks - Elektron-Positron-Streuung - Fortschritte in der Forschung
£34.19
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Atomic and Quantum Physics: An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Experiment and Theory
Book SynopsisAtomic physics and its underlying quantum theory are the point of departure for many modern areas of physics, astrophysics, chemistry, biology, and even electrical engineering. This textbook provides a careful and eminently readable introduction to the results and methods of empirical atomic physics. The student will acquire the tools of quantum physics and at the same time learn about the interplay between experiment and theory. A chapter on the quantum theory of the chemical bond provides the reader with an introduction to molecular physics. Plenty of problems are given to elucidate the material. The authors also discuss laser physics and nonlinear spectroscopy, incorporating latest experimental results and showing their relevance to basic research. Extra items in the second edition include solutions to the exercises, derivations of the relativistic Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, a detailed theoretical derivation of the Lamb shift, a discussion of new developments in the spectroscopy of inner shells, and new applications of NMR spectroscopy, for instance tomography.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 1.1 Classical Physics and Quantum Mechanics.- 1.2 Short Historical Review.- 2. The Mass and Size of the Atom.- 2.1 What is an Atom?.- 2.2 Determination of the Mass.- 2.3 Methods for Determining Avogadro’s Number.- 2.3.1 Electrolysis.- 2.3.2 The Gas Constant and Boltzmann’s Constant.- 2.3.3 X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals.- 2.3.4 Determination Using Radioactive Decay.- 2.4 Determination of the Size of the Atom.- 2.4.1 Application of the Kinetic Theory of Gases.- 2.4.2 The Interaction Cross Section.- 2.4.3 Experimental Determination of Interaction Cross Sections.- 2.4.4 Determining the Atomic Size from the Covolume.- 2.4.5 Atomic Sizes from X-Ray Diffraction Measurements on Crystals.- 2.4.6 Can Individual Atoms Be Seen?.- Problems.- 3. Isotopes.- 3.1 The Periodic System of the Elements.- 3.2 Mass Spectroscopy.- 3.2.1 Parabola Method.- 3.2.2 Improved Mass Spectrometers.- 3.2.3 Results of Mass Spectrometry.- 3.2.4 Modern Applications of the Mass Spectrometer.- 3.2.5 Isotope Separation.- Problems.- 4. The Nucleus of the Atom.- 4.1 Passage of Electrons Through Matter.- 4.2 Passage of Alpha Particles Through Matter (Rutherford Scattering).- 4.2.1 Some Properties of Alpha Particles.- 4.2.2 Scattering of Alpha Particles by a Foil.- 4.2.3 Derivation of the Rutherford Scattering Formula.- 4.2.4 Experimental Results.- 4.2.5 What is Meant by Nuclear Radius?.- Problems.- 5. The Photon.- 5.1 Wave Character of Light.- 5.2 Thermal Radiation.- 5.2.1 Spectral Distribution of Black Body Radiation.- 5.2.2 Planck’s Radiation Formula.- 5.2.3 Einstein’s Derivation of Planck’s Formula.- 5.3 The Photoelectric Effect.- 5.4 The Compton Effect.- 5.4.1 Experiments.- 5.4.2 Derivation of the Compton Shift.- Problems.- 6. The Electron.- 6.1 Production of Free Electrons.- 6.2 Size of the Electron.- 6.3 The Charge of the Electron.- 6.4 The Specific Charge e/m of the Electron.- 6.5 Wave Character of Electrons.- Problems.- 7. Some Basic Properties of Matter Waves.- 7.1 Wave Packets.- 7.2 Probabilistic Interpretation.- 7.3 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation.- 7.4 The Energy-Time Uncertainty Relation.- 7.5 Some Consequences of the Uncertainty Relations for Bound States.- Problems.- 8. Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom.- 8.1 Basic Principles of Spectroscopy.- 8.2 The Optical Spectrum of the Hydrogen Atom.- 8.3 Bohr’s Postulates.- 8.4 Some Quantitative Conclusions.- 8.5 Motion of the Nucleus.- 8.6 Spectra of Hydrogen-like Atoms.- 8.7 Muonic Atoms.- 8.8 Excitation of Quantum Jumps by Collisions.- 8.9 Sommerfeld’s Extension of the Bohr Model and the Experimental Justification of a Second Quantum Number.- 8.10 Lifting of Orbital Degeneracy by the Relativistic Mass Change.- 8.11 Limits of the Bohr-Sommerfeld Theory. The Correspondence Principle.- 8.12 Rydberg Atoms.- Problems.- 9. The Mathematical Framework of Quantum Theory.- 9.1 The Particle in a Box.- 9.2 The Schrödinger Equation.- 9.3 The Conceptual Basis of Quantum Theory.- 9.3.1 Observations, Values of Measurements and Operators.- 9.3.2 Momentum Measurement and Momentum Probability.- 9.3.3 Average Values and Expectation Values.- 9.3.4 Operators and Expectation Values.- 9.3.5 Equations for Determining the Wavefunction.- 9.3.6 Simultaneous Observability and Commutation Relations.- 9.4 The Quantum Mechanical Oscillator.- Problems.- 10. Quantum Mechanics of the Hydrogen Atom.- 10.1 Motion in a Central Field.- 10.2 Angular Momentum Eigenfunctions.- 10.3 The Radial Wavefunctions in a Central Field.- 10.4 The Radial Wavefunctions of Hydrogen.- Problems.- 11. Lifting of the Orbital Degeneracy in the Spectra of Alkali Atoms.- 11.1 Shell Structure.- 11.2 Screening.- 11.3 The Term Diagram.- 11.4 Inner Shells.- Problems.- 12. Orbital and Spin Magnetism. Fine Structure.- 12.1 Introduction and Overview.- 12.2 Magnetic Moment of the Orbital Motion.- 12.3 Precession and Orientation in a Magnetic Field.- 12.4 Spin and Magnetic Moment of the Electron.- 12.5 Determination of the Gyromagnetic Ratio by the Einstein-de Haas Method.- 12.6 Detection of Directional Quantisation by Stern and Gerlach.- 12.7 Fine Structure and Spin-Orbit Coupling: Overview.- 12.8 Calculation of Spin-Orbit Splitting in the Bohr Model.- 12.9 Level Scheme of the Alkali Atoms.- 12.10 Fine Structure in the Hydrogen Atom.- 12.11 The Lamb Shift.- Problems.- 13. Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Experiments and Their Semiclassical Description.- 13.1 Directional Quantisation in a Magnetic Field.- 13.2 Electron Spin Resonance.- 13.3 The Zeeman Effect.- 13.3.1 Experiments.- 13.3.2 Explanation of the Zeeman Effect from the Standpoint of Classical Electron Theory.- 13.3.3 Description of the Ordinary Zeeman Effect by the Vector Model.- 13.3.4 The Anomalous Zeeman Effect.- 13.3.5 Magnetic Moments with Spin-Orbit Coupling.- 13.4 The Paschen-Back Effect.- 13.5 Double Resonance and Optical Pumping.- Problems.- 14. Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Quantum Mechanical Treatment.- 14.1 Quantum Theory of the Ordinary Zeeman Effect.- 14.2 Quantum Theoretical Treatment of the Electron and Proton Spins.- 14.2.1 Spin as Angular Momentum.- 14.2.2 Spin Operators, Spin Matrices and Spin Wavefunctions.- 14.2.3 The Schrödinger Equation of a Spin in a Magnetic Field.- 14.2.4 Description of Spin Precession by Expectation Values.- 14.3 Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Anomalous Zeeman Effect with Spin-Orbit Coupling*.- 14.4 Quantum Theory of a Spin in Mutually Perpendicular Magnetic Fields, One Constant and One Time Dependent.- 14.5 The Bloch Equations.- 14.6 The Relativistic Theory of the Electron. The Dirac Equation.- Problems.- 15. Atoms in an Electric Field.- 15.1 Observations of the Stark Effect.- 15.2 Quantum Theory of the Linear and Quadratic Stark Effects.- 15.2.1 The Hamiltonian.- 15.2.2 The Quadratic Stark Effect. Perturbation Theory Without Degeneracy.- 15.2.3 The Linear Stark Effect. Perturbation Theory in the Presence of Degeneracy.- 15.3 The Interaction of a Two-Level Atom with a Coherent Radiation Field.- 15.4 Spin- and Photon Echoes.- 15.5 A Glance at Quantum Electrodynamics.- 15.5.1 Field Quantization.- 15.5.2 Mass Renormalization and Lamb Shift.- Problems.- 16. General Laws of Optical Transitions.- 16.1 Symmetries and Selection Rules.- 16.1.1 Optical Matrix Elements.- 16.1.2 Examples of the Symmetry Behaviour of Wavefunctions.- 16.1.3 Selection Rules.- 16.1.4 Selection Rules and Multipole Radiation.- 16.2 Linewidths and Lineshapes.- 17. Many-Electron Atoms.- 17.1 The Spectrum of the Helium Atom.- 17.2 Electron Repulsion and the Pauli Principle.- 17.3 Angular Momentum Coupling.- 17.3.1 Coupling Mechanism.- 17.3.2 LS Coupling (Russell-Saunders Coupling).- 17.3.3 jj Coupling.- 17.4 Magnetic Moments of Many-Electron Atoms.- 17.5 Multiple Excitations.- Problems.- 18. X-Ray Spectra, Internal Shells.- 18.1 Introductory Remarks.- 18.2 X-Radiation from Outer Shells.- 18.3 X-Ray Bremsstrahlung Spectra.- 18.4 Emission Line Spectra: Characteristic Radiation.- 18.5 Fine Structure of the X-Ray Spectra.- 18.6 Absorption Spectra.- 18.7 The Auger Effect (Inner Photoeffect).- 18.8 Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), ESCA.- Problems.- 19. Structure of the Periodic System. Ground States of the Elements.- 19.1 Periodic System and Shell Structure.- 19.2 Ground States of Atoms.- 19.3 Excited States and Complete Term Scheme.- 19.4 The Many-Electron Problem. Hartree-Fock Method.- 19.4.1 The Two-Electron Problem.- 19.4.2 Many Electrons Without Mutual Interactions.- 19.4.3 Coulomb Interaction of Electrons. Hartree and Hartree-Fock Methods.- Problems.- 20. Nuclear Spin, Hyperfine Structure.- 20.1 Influence of the Atomic Nucleus on Atomic Spectra.- 20.2 Spins and Magnetic Moments of Atomic Nuclei.- 20.3 The Hyperfine Interaction.- 20.4 Hyperfine Structure in the Ground States of the Hydrogen and Sodium Atoms.- 20.5 Hyperfine Structure in an External Magnetic Field, Electron Spin Resonance.- 20.6 Direct Measurements of Nuclear Spins and Magnetic Moments, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.- 20.7 Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.- 20.8 The Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Moment.- Problems.- 21. The Laser.- 21.1 Some Basic Concepts for the Laser.- 21.2 Rate Equations and Lasing Conditions.- 21.3 Amplitude and Phase of Laser Light.- Problems.- 22. Modern Methods of Optical Spectroscopy.- 22.1 Classical Methods.- 22.2 Quantum Beats.- 22.3 Doppler-free Saturation Spectroscopy.- 22.4 Doppler-free Two-Photon Absorption.- 22.5 Level-Crossing Spectroscopy and the Hanle Effect.- 23. Fundamentals of the Quantum Theory of Chemical Bonding.- 23.1 Introductory Remarks.- 23.2 The Hydrogen-Molecule Ion H2+.- 23.3 The Tunnel Effect.- 23.4 The Hydrogen Molecule H2.- 23.5 Covalent-Ionic Resonance.- 23.6 The Hund-Mulliken-Bloch Theory of Bonding in Hydrogen.- 23.7 Hybridisation.- 23.8 The ? Electrons of Benzene, C6H6.- Problems.- A. The Dirac Delta Function and the Normalisation of the Wavefunction of a Free Particle in Unbounded Space.- B. Some Properties of the Hamiltonian Operator, Its Eigenfunctions and Its Eigenvalues.- Bibliography of Supplementary and Specialised Literature.- Fundamental Constants of Atomic Physics (Inside Front Cover).- Energy Conversion Table (Inside Back Cover).
£42.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Field Theory Handbook: Including Coordinate Systems, Differential Equations and Their Solutions
Book SynopsisLet us first state exactly what this book is and what it is not. It is a compendium of equations for the physicist and the engineer working with electrostatics, magne tostatics, electric currents, electromagnetic fields, heat flow, gravitation, diffusion, optics, or acoustics. It tabulates the properties of 40 coordinate systems, states the Laplace and Helmholtz equations in each coordinate system, and gives the separation equations and their solutions. But it is not a textbook and it does not cover relativistic and quantum phenomena. The history of classical physics may be regarded as an interplay between two ideas, the concept of action-at-a-distance and the concept of a field. Newton's equation of universal gravitation, for instance, implies action-at-a-distance. The same form of equation was employed by COULOMB to express the force between charged particles. AMPERE and GAUSS extended this idea to the phenomenological action between currents. In 1867, LUDVIG LORENZ formulated electrodynamics as retarded action-at-a-distance. At almost the same time, MAXWELL presented the alternative formulation in terms of fields. In most cases, the field approach has shown itself to be the more powerful.Table of ContentsI. Eleven coordinate systems.- II. Transformations in the complex plane.- III. Cylindrical systems.- IV. Rotational systems.- V. The vector Helmholtz equation.- VI. Differential equations.- VII. Functions.- Appendix. Symbols.- Author Index.
£113.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG The Quantum Mechanics Solver: How to Apply Quantum Theory to Modern Physics
Book SynopsisMotivates students by challenging them with real-life applications of the somtimes esoteric aspects of quantum mechanics that they are learning. Offers completely original excerices developed at teh Ecole Polytechnique in France, which is know for its innovative and original teaching methods. Problems from modern physics to help the student apply just-learnt theory to fields such as molecular physics, condensed matter physics or laser physics.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "This problem based textbook is a concise and particularly useful reference of quantum mechanics as used in a large range of modern applications in physics. … At the end of each section worked solutions, references and general comments are given … . this book of problems would be very useful for any physics departmental, or indeed individual research group, library. Highly recommended." (Lloyd C L Hollenberg, Australian Physics, Vol. 32 (6), 2007)Table of ContentsElementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms.- Neutrino Oscillations.- Summary of Quantum Mechanics.- Quantum Entanglement and Measurement.- The EPR Problem and Bell’s Inequality.- Complex Systems.- Exact Results for the Three-Body Problem.- Atomic Clocks.- Neutron Interferometry.- Spectroscopic Measurement on a Neutron Beam.- Analysis of a Stern-Gerlach Experiment.- Measuring the Electron Magnetic Moment Anomaly.- Decay of a Tritium Atom.- The Spectrum of Positronium.- The Hydrogen Atom in Crossed Fields.- Energy Loss of Ions in Matter.- Schrödinger’s Cat.- Quantum Cryptography.- Direct Observation of Field Quantization.- Ideal Quantum Measurement.- The Quantum Eraser.- A Quantum Thermometer.- Properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate.- Magnetic Excitons.- A Quantum Box.- Colored Molecular Ions.- Hyperfine Structure in Electron Spin Resonance.- Probing Matter with Positive Muons.- Quantum Reflection of Atoms from a Surface.- Laser Cooling and Trapping.- Bloch Oscillations.
£42.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Feynman Integral Calculus
Book SynopsisThe goal of the book is to summarize those methods for evaluating Feynman integrals that have been developed over a span of more than fifty years. The book characterizes the most powerful methods and illustrates them with numerous examples starting from very simple ones and progressing to nontrivial examples. The book demonstrates how to choose adequate methods and combine evaluation methods in a non-trivial way. The most powerful methods are characterized and then illustrated through numerous examples. This is an updated textbook version of the previous book (Evaluating Feynman integrals, STMP 211) of the author.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "The book is based on the courses of lectures given by the author in the two winter semesters of 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 at the University of Hamburg as a DFG Mercator professor in Hamburg as well as on the course given in 2003-2004 at the University of Karlsruhe. It will be useful for postgraduate students and theoretical physicists specializing in quantum field theory." (Michael B. Mensky, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1111 (8), 2007)Table of ContentsFeynman Integrals: Basic Definitions and Tools.- Evaluating by Alpha and Feynman Parameters.- Evaluating by MB Representation.- IBP and Reduction to Master Integrals.- Reduction to Master Integrals by Baikov’s Method.- Evaluation by Differential Equations.- Tables.- Some Special Functions.- Summation Formulae.- Table of MB Integrals.- Analysis of Convergence and Sector Decompositions.- A Brief Review of Some Other Methods.- Applying Gröbner Bases to Solve IBP Relations.- Solutions.
£42.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Quantum Mathematical Physics: Atoms, Molecules and Large Systems
Book SynopsisThis book is a new edition of Volumes 3 and 4 of Walter Thirring’s famous textbook on mathematical physics. The first part is devoted to quantum mechanics and especially to its applications to scattering theory, atoms and molecules. The second part deals with quantum statistical mechanics examining fundamental concepts like entropy, ergodicity and thermodynamic functions.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "Just as the general theory of relativity leads to many new mathematical advances and applications, the same is true of quantum mechanics. It is these mathematical advances that are the topic of this extensive volume, a volume which also delineates how these advances made possible the difficult transition from understanding hydrogen to understanding complex atoms, molecules, and ‘large systems’. As such this volume will serve as an excellent source book for the mathematical basis of the many recent advances in quantum mechanics. It will also serve as an excellent text book for an advanced course in either quantum physics or applied mathematics." (Physicalia, 25/3, 2003) "This work is written uncompromisingly for the mathematical physicist … . Thirring writes concisely but with a clarity that makes the book easy to read. … There are extensive bibliographies, with references mostly to articles in journals … . There are copious problems and–even better-all the solutions. … the volume would make a valuable addition to the library of … a mathematical physicist." (Prof. A.I. Solomon, Contemporary Physics, Vol. 46 (4), 2005) "This volume will serve as an excellent source book for the mathematical basis of the many recent advances in quantum mechanics. It will also serve as an excellent textbook … . Each chapter is chock full of mathematical derivations and proofs but perhaps the most interesting part of each proof is the following section entitled ‘Remarks’ sections which are full of interesting details, ideas, drawbacks, comments, and references. … As is usually the case with Springer-Verlag, this book has been beautifully produced … ." (Fernande Grandjean and Gary J. Long, Physicalia, Vol. 25 (3), 2003)Table of ContentsI Quantum Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Mathematical Formulation of Quantum Mechanics.- 3 Quantum Dynamics.- 4 Atomic Systems.- II Quantum Mechanics of Large Systems.- 1 Systems with Many Particles.- 2 Thermostatics.- 3 Thermodynamics.- 4 Physical Systems.- Bibliography to Part I.- Bibliography to Part II.
£104.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Statistical Methods in Quantum Optics 1: Master Equations and Fokker-Planck Equations
Book SynopsisThis is the first of a two-volume presentation on current research problems in quantum optics, and will serve as a standard reference in the field for many years to come. The book provides an introduction to the methods of quantum statistical mechanics used in quantum optics and their application to the quantum theories of the single-mode laser and optical bistability. The generalized representations of Drummond and Gardiner are discussed together with the more standard methods for deriving Fokker-Planck equations.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews"To sum up: Statistical Methods in Quantum Optics 1 is an excellent book. Try it, you'll like it!" (M.O. Scully, Physics Today, 2000)"The book is carefully written, in considerable detail, paying attention to both foundations and applications. It contains exercices completing or generalizing the material presented, and ample references to the literature. It is, therefore, very useful as the basis for a course." (V.R. Vieira, Mathematical Reviews, 2000f) PHYSICS TODAY"…a valuable addition to the literature…an excellent book. Try it, you’ll like it!” "It is a pleasure to recommend this title thoroughly for both individual and institutional purchase." (D. L. Andrews (University of Anglia), Contemporary Physics 2002, vol. 43, page 232-233)Table of Contents1. Dissipation in Quantum Mechanics: The Master Equation Approach.- 2. Two-Level Atoms and Spontaneous Emission.- 3. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for the Electromagnetic Field I: The Glauber—Sudarshan P Representation.- 4. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for the Electromagnetic Field II: P, Q, and Wigner Representations.- 5. Fokker—Planck Equations and Stochastic Differential Equations.- 6. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for Two-Level Atoms.- 7. The Single-Mode Homogeneously Broadened Laser I: Preliminaries.- 8. The Single-Mode Homogeneously Broadened Laser II: Phase-Space Analysis.- References.
£71.24
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Feynman-Graphen und Eichtheorien für
Book Synopsis1 Relativistische Wellengleichungen.- 1.1 Vorbemerkungen.- 1.2 Betrachtungen zur Schrödingergleichung.- 1.3 Die Klein-Gordon-Gleichung.- 1.4 Die Dirac-Gleichung.- 1.5 Nichtrelativistischer Grenzfall der Dirac-Gleichung.- 1.6 Dirac-Gleichung für ein Elektron im elektromagnetischen Feld.- 1.7 Übungsaufgaben.- 2 Relativistische Kovarianz der Dirac-Gleichung.- 2.1 Vierervektoren, Lorentz-Transformation.- 2.2 Die ?-Matrizen.- 2.3 Ebene Wellen. Dirac-Spinoren.- 2.4 Kovarianz der Dirac-Gleichung.- 2.5 Spin des Elektrons.- 2.6 Skalare und vektorielle Bilinearformen.- 2.7 Übungsaufgaben.- 3 Interpretation der Lösungen negativer Energie.- 3.1 Stückelberg-Feynman-Bild der Antiteilchen.- 3.2 Die Wellenfunktionen des Positrons.- 3.3 Übungsaufgaben.- 4 Feynman-Graphen.- 4.1 Greensche Punktion.- 4.2 Elektron-Propagator.- 4.3 Matrixelement für Elektronenstreuung.- 4.4 Photon-Propagator.- 4.5 Feynman-Regeln.- 4.6 Übungsaufgaben.- 5 Anwendung der Feynman-Graphen.- 5.1 Streuung nichtrelativistischer Elektronen an Kernen.- 5.2 Streuung relativistischer Elektronen an Kernen.- 5.3 Elektron-Fermion-Streuung.- 5.4 Myon-Paarerzeugung.- 5.5 Elektron-Elektron- und Elektron-Positron-Streuung.- 5.6 Teilchen-Antiteilchen-Symmetrie.- 5.7 Compton-Streuung und Elektron-Positron-Vernichtung in ?-Quanten.- 5.8 Übungsaufgaben.- 6 Schwache Wechselwirkungen.- 6.1 Fermi-Theorie, intermediäre Bosonen.- 6.2 Paritätsverletzung, (V-A)-Theorie.- 6.3 Pion-Zerfall.- 6.4 Neutrino-Lepton-Reaktionen.- 6.5 Schwache Wechselwirkungen von Hadronen, Cabibbo-Winkel.- 6.6 Schwache neutrale Ströme.- 6.7 Schwacher Isospin, Charm-Quark.- 6.8 Übungsaufgaben.- 7 Lepton-Quark-Wechselwirkungen, Parton-Modell.- 7.1 Einführung.- 7.2 Elektron-Kern-Streuung, Formfaktor.- 7.3 Nukleon-Formfaktoren.- 7.4 InelastischeElektron-Nukleon-Streuung.- 7.5 Skaleninvarianz und Parton-Modell.- 7.6 Quark-Parton-Modell.- 7.7 Tief inelastische Neutrino-Nukleon-Streuung.- 7.8 Elektron-Positron-Vernichtung in Hadronen.- 7.9 Lepton-Paarerzeugung in Hadron-Stö?en.- 7.10 Übungsaufgaben.- 8 Divergenz-Probleme in der schwachen Wechselwirkung.- Überschreiten der Unitaritätsgrenze bei der Punkt- Wechselwirkung.- Divergenzen im W-Boson-Modell.- Kompensation der Divergenz durch ein neutrales Feldquant.- 9 Eichinvarianz als dynamisches Prinzip.- 9.1 Eichinvarianz und Maxwellsche Gleichungen.- 9.2 Eichinvarianz in der Quantenmechanik.- 9.3 Globale und lokale Phasentransformationen.- 9.4 Das Eichprinzip.- 9.5 Eichinvarianz und Masse der Feldquanten.- 9.6 Polarisationsvektoren für Photonen.- 9.7 Bedeutung der Potentiale in der Quantentheorie.- 9.8 Übungsaufgaben.- 10 Eichinvarianz bei massiven Vektor-Feldern.- 10.1 Die Erzeugung einer Photon-Masse im Supraleiter.- 10.2 Die Higgs-Teilchen als Verallgemeinerung der Cooper-Paare.- 10.3 Der Higgs-Mechanismus im Lagrange-Formalismus.- 10.4 Übungsaufgaben.- 11 Das Standard-Modell der elektroschwachen Wechselwirkung.- 11.1 Phaseninvarianz in der SU(2)-Symmetrie.- 11.2 Schwacher Isospin, schwache Hyperiadung.- 11.3 Lokale SU(2)l× U(l)-Transformationen, Kopplungen der Fermionen.- 11.4 Feynman-Regeln der elektroschwachen Wechselwirkung.- 11.5 Die Massen der W- und Z-Bosonen.- 11.6 Die Massen der geladenen Fermionen.- 11.7 Selbstwechselwirkung der Eichbosonen.- 11.8 Eigenschaften der W- und Z-Bosonen.- 11.9 Experimentelle Verifikation des Standard-Modells.- 11.10 Übungsaufgaben.- 12 Quanten-Chromodynamik.- 12.1 Historische Entwicklung der QCD.- 12.2 SU(3)-Symmetrie und Quarkmodell.- 12.3 Farbladungen.- 12.4 Lokale SU(3)c-Invarianz, Gluon-Felder.- 12.5Stabilität der $$q\bar q$$-und qqq-Systeme.- 12.6 Asymptotische Freiheit und Confinement.- 12.7 Experimentelle Ergebnisse zur QCD.- 12.8 Ausblick.- 12.9 Übungsaufgaben.- A Lagrange-Funktion für ein Teilchen im elektromagnetischen Feld.- B Lagrange-Formalismus in der Quantenfeldtheorie.- C Polarisationsvektoren für Spin-1-Teilchen.- Literatur.Table of Contents1 Relativistische Wellengleichungen.- 1.1 Vorbemerkungen.- 1.2 Betrachtungen zur Schrödingergleichung.- 1.3 Die Klein-Gordon-Gleichung.- 1.4 Die Dirac-Gleichung.- 1.5 Nichtrelativistischer Grenzfall der Dirac-Gleichung.- 1.6 Dirac-Gleichung für ein Elektron im elektromagnetischen Feld.- 1.7 Übungsaufgaben.- 2 Relativistische Kovarianz der Dirac-Gleichung.- 2.1 Vierervektoren, Lorentz-Transformation.- 2.1.1 Vierervektoren.- 2.1.2 Lorentz-Transformation.- 2.1.3 Drehung des Koordinatensystems.- 2.2 Die ?-Matrizen.- 2.3 Ebene Wellen. Dirac-Spinoren.- 2.4 Kovarianz der Dirac-Gleichung.- 2.4.1 Problemstellung.- 2.4.2 Transformation der Lösungen relativistischer Wellengleichungen.- 2.4.3 Rotation um die z-Achse.- 2.4.4 Lorentz-Transformation längs der z-Achse.- 2.4.5 Eigenschaften der Transformations-Matrizen.- 2.4.6 Raumspiegelung und Zeitumkehr.- 2.5 Spin des Elektrons.- 2.6 Skalare und vektorielle Bilinearformen.- 2.6.1 Skalar.- 2.6.2 Viererstromdichte.- 2.6.3 Pseudoskalar und Axialvektor.- 2.7 Übungsaufgaben.- 3 Interpretation der Lösungen negativer Energie.- 3.1 Stückelberg-Feynman-Bild der Antiteilchen.- 3.2 Die Wellenfunktionen des Positrons.- 3.3 Übungsaufgaben.- 4 Feynman-Graphen.- 4.1 Greensche Punktion.- 4.2 Elektron-Propagator.- 4.2.1 Berechnung der Greenschen Funktion.- 4.2.2 Propagator und zeitliche Entwicklung.- 4.3 Matrixelement für Elektronenstreuung.- 4.3.1 Matrixelement 1. Ordnung.- 4.3.2 Matrixelement 2. Ordnung.- 4.3.3 Anwendungsbeispiel: Streuung an einem Atomkern.- 4.4 Photon-Propagator.- 4.5 Feynman-Regeln.- 4.5.1 Konventionen zu Feynman-Diagrammen.- 4.5.2 Strom-Strom-Kopplung.- 4.5.3 Elementarprozesse.- 4.6 Übungsaufgaben.- 5 Anwendung der Feynman-Graphen.- 5.1 Streuung nichtrelativistischer Elektronen an Kernen.- 5.2 Streuung relativistischer Elektronen an Kernen.- 5.2.1 Spin-Summationen.- 5.2.2 Sätze über Spuren.- 5.2.3 Wirkungsquerschnitt für Elektron-Kern-Streuung.- 5.3 Elektron-Fermion-Streuung.- 5.3.1 Differentieller Wirkungsquerschnitt für Zweikörperreaktionen.- 5.3.2 Wirkungsquerschnitt für unpolarisierte Teilchen.- 5.4 Myon-Paarerzeugung.- 5.5 Elektron-Elektron- und Elektron-Positron-Streuung.- 5.5.1 Elektron-Elektron-Streuung.- 5.5.2 Elektron-Positron-Streuung.- 5.6 Teilchen-Antiteilchen-Symmetrie.- 5.7 Compton-Streuung und Elektron-Positron-Vernichtung in ?-Quanten.- 5.7.1 Compton-Streuung.- 5.7.2 Annihilation in zwei ?-Quanten.- 5.8 Übungsaufgaben.- 6 Schwache Wechselwirkungen.- 6.1 Fermi-Theorie, intermediäre Bosonen.- 6.2 Paritätsverletzung, (V-A)-Theorie.- 6.2.1 Eigenparitäten der Leptonen und Quarks.- 6.2.2 Helizität und Chiralität.- 6.3 Pion-Zerfall.- 6.4 Neutrino-Lepton-Reaktionen.- 6.5 Schwache Wechselwirkungen von Hadronen, Cabibbo-Winkel.- 6.6 Schwache neutrale Ströme.- 6.7 Schwacher Isospin, Charm-Quark.- 6.8 Übungsaufgaben.- 7 Lepton-Quark-Wechselwirkungen, Parton-Modell.- 7.1 Einführung.- 7.2 Elektron-Kern-Streuung, Formfaktor.- 7.3 Nukleon-Formfaktoren.- 7.4 Inelastische Elektron-Nukleon-Streuung.- 7.4.1 Inelastische Streuung als Mittel der Struktur-Analyse.- 7.4.2 Kinematik und Wirkungsquerschnitt für inelastische Elektron-Nukleon-Streuung.- 7.5 Skaleninvarianz und Parton-Modell.- 7.6 Quark-Parton-Modell.- 7.7 Tief inelastische Neutrino-Nukleon-Streuung.- 7.7.1 Strukturfunktionen der Neutrino-Streuung.- 7.7.2 Antiquark-Inhalt der Nukleonen.- 7.8 Elektron-Positron-Vernichtung in Hadronen.- 7.9 Lepton-Paarerzeugung in Hadron-Stö?en.- 7.10 Übungsaufgaben.- 8 Divergenz-Probleme in der schwachen Wechselwirkung.- Überschreiten der Unitaritätsgrenze bei der Punkt- Wechselwirkung.- Divergenzen im W-Boson-Modell.- Kompensation der Divergenz durch ein neutrales Feldquant.- 9 Eichinvarianz als dynamisches Prinzip.- 9.1 Eichinvarianz und Maxwellsche Gleichungen.- 9.2 Eichinvarianz in der Quantenmechanik.- 9.3 Globale und lokale Phasentransformationen.- 9.4 Das Eichprinzip.- 9.5 Eichinvarianz und Masse der Feldquanten.- 9.6 Polarisationsvektoren für Photonen.- 9.7 Bedeutung der Potentiale in der Quantentheorie.- 9.8 Übungsaufgaben.- 10 Eichinvarianz bei massiven Vektor-Feldern.- 10.1 Die Erzeugung einer Photon-Masse im Supraleiter.- 10.2 Die Higgs-Teilchen als Verallgemeinerung der Cooper-Paare.- 10.2.1 Das Higgs-Potential.- 10.3 Der Higgs-Mechanismus im Lagrange-Formalismus.- 10.3.1 Wechselwirkung zwischen Higgs-Feld und elektromagnetischem Feld.- 10.4 Übungsaufgaben.- 11 Das Standard-Modell der elektroschwachen Wechselwirkung.- 11.1 Phaseninvarianz in der SU(2)-Symmetrie.- 11.2 Schwacher Isospin, schwache Hyperiadung.- 11.3 Lokale SU(2)l× U(l)-Transformationen, Kopplungen der Fermionen.- 11.4 Feynman-Regeln der elektroschwachen Wechselwirkung.- 11.5 Die Massen der W- und Z-Bosonen.- 11.6 Die Massen der geladenen Fermionen.- 11.7 Selbstwechselwirkung der Eichbosonen.- 11.8 Eigenschaften der W- und Z-Bosonen.- 11.8.1 Berechnung der Zerfallsraten.- 11.8.2 Erzeugung der Z0-Bosonen in der e?e+-Annihilation.- 11.9 Experimentelle Verifikation des Standard-Modells.- 11.9.1 Zahl der Neutrino-Familien.- 11.9.2 Lepton-Universalität, Mischungswinkel.- 11.9.3 Eingrenzung der Top-Quark-Masse.- 11.10 Übungsaufgaben.- 12 Quanten-Chromodynamik.- 12.1 Historische Entwicklung der QCD.- 12.2 SU(3)-Symmetrie und Quarkmodell.- 12.2.1 Antiquarks.- 12.2.2 Quark-Antiquark-Zustände: Mesonen.- 12.2.3 Drei-Quark-Zustände: Baryonen.- 12.3 Farbladungen.- 12.3.1 Die Farbe als innere Quantenzahl der Quarks.- 12.3.2 Experimentelle Evidenz für die drei Farben.- 12.3.3 Farbladungen der Gluonen.- 12.4 Lokale SU(3)c-Invarianz, Gluon-Felder.- 12.4.1 Lokale SU(3)c-Transformationen.- 12.4.2 Kopplungen zwischen Quarks und Gluonen.- 12.4.3 Singulett-Gluon und Reichweite der starken Kräfte.- 12.5 Stabilität der $$ q\bar q $$-und qqq-Systeme.- 12.6 Asymptotische Freiheit und Confinement.- 12.6.1 Einführung effektiver Ladungen.- 12.6.2 Renormierung und Q2-Abhängigkeit der Kopplung.- 12.6.3 Confinement.- 12.7 Experimentelle Ergebnisse zur QCD.- 12.7.1 Entdeckung und Eigenschaften der Gluonen.- 12.7.2 Verletzung der Skaleninvarianz.- 12.7.3 Bestimmung von ?s.- 12.8 Ausblick.- 12.9 Übungsaufgaben.- A Lagrange-Funktion für ein Teilchen im elektromagnetischen Feld.- B Lagrange-Formalismus in der Quantenfeldtheorie.- C Polarisationsvektoren für Spin-1-Teilchen.- Literatur.
£37.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Local Quantum Physics: Fields, Particles,
Book SynopsisThe new edition provided the opportunity of adding a new chapter entitled "Principles and Lessons of Quantum Physics". It was a tempting challenge to try to sharpen the points at issue in the long lasting debate on the Copenhagen Spirit, to assess the significance of various arguments from our present vantage point, seventy years after the advent of quantum theory, where, after ali, some problems appear in a different light. It includes a section on the assumptions leading to the specific mathematical formalism of quantum theory and a section entitled "The evolutionary picture" describing my personal conclusions. Alto gether the discussion suggests that the conventional language is too narrow and that neither the mathematical nor the conceptual structure are built for eter nity. Future theories will demand radical changes though not in the direction of a return to determinism. Essential lessons taught by Bohr will persist. This chapter is essentially self-contained. Some new material has been added in the last chapter. It concerns the char acterization of specific theories within the general frame and recent progress in quantum field theory on curved space-time manifolds. A few pages on renor malization have been added in Chapter II and some effort has been invested in the search for mistakes and unclear passages in the first edition. The central objective of the book, expressed in the title "Local Quantum Physics", is the synthesis between special relativity and quantum theory to gether with a few other principles of general nature.Trade Review"Indeed, both the expert in the field and the novice will enjoy Haags insightful exposition... This (superb) book is bound to occupy a place on a par with other classics in the mathematical physics literature." Physics Today "...enjoyable reading to anybody interested in the development of fundamental physical theories." Zentralblatt f. MathematikTable of ContentsI. Background.- 1. Quantum Mechanics.- Basic concepts, mathematical structure, physical interpretation..- 2. The Principle of Locality in Classical Physics and the Relativity Theories.- Faraday’s vision. Fields..- 2.1 Special relativity. Poincaré group. Lorentz group. Spinors. Conformal group..- 2.2 Maxwell theory..- 2.3 General relativity..- 3. Poincaré Invariant Quantum Theory.- 3.1 Geometric symmetries in quantum physics. Projective representations and the covering group..- 3.2 Wigner’s analysis of irreducible, unitary representations of the Poincare group. 3.3 Single particle states. Spin..- 3.4 Many particle states: Bose-Fermi alternative, Fock space, creation operators. Separation of CM-motion..- 4. Action Principle.- Lagrangean. Double rôle of physical quantities. Peierls’ direct definition of Poisson brackets. Relation between local conservation laws and symmetries..- 5. Basic Quantum Field Theory.- 5.1 Canonical quantization..- 5.2 Fields and particles..- 5.3 Free fields..- 5.4 The Maxwell-Dirac system. Gauge invariance..- 5.5 Processes..- II. General Quantum Field Theory.- 1. Mathematical Considerations and General Postulates.- 1.1 The representation problem..- 1.2 Wightman axioms..- 2. Hierarchies of Functions.- 2.1 Wightman functions, reconstruction theorem, analyticity in x-space..- 2.2 Truncated functions, clustering. Generating functionals and linked cluster theorem..- 2.3 Time ordered functions..- 2.4 Covariant perturbation theory, Feynman diagrams. Renormalization..- 2.5 Vertex functions and structure analysis..- 2.6 Retarded functions and analyticity in p-space..- 2.7 Schwinger functions and Osterwalder-Schrader theorem..- 3. Physical Interpretation in Terms of Particles.- 3.1 The particle picture: Asymptotic particle configurations and collision theory..- 3.2 Asymptotic fields. S-matrix..- 3.3 LSZ-formalism..- 4. General Collision Theory.- 4.1 Polynomial algebras of fields. Almost local operators..- 4.2 Construction of asymptotic particle states..- 4.3. Coincidence arrangements of detectors..- 4.4 Generalized LSZ-formalism..- 5. Some Consequences of the Postulates.- 5.1 CPT-operator. Spin-statistics theorem. CPT-theorem..- 5.2 Analyticity of the S-matrix..- 5.3 Reeh-Schlieder theorem..- 5.4 Additivity of the energy-momentum-spectrum..- 5.5 Borchers classes..- III. Algebras of Local Observables and Fields.- 1. Review of the Perspective.- Characterization of the theory by a net of local algebras. Bounded operators. Unobservable fields, superselection rules and the net of abstract algebras of observables. Transcription of the basic postulates..- 2. Von Neumann Algebras. C*-Algebras. W*-Algebras.- 2.1 Algebras of bounded operators. Concrete C*-algebras and von Neumann algebras. Isomorphisms. Reduction. Factors. Classification of factors..- 2.2 Abstract algebras and their representations. Abstract C*-algebras. Relation between the C*-norm and the spectrum. Positive linear forms and states. The GNS-construction. Folia of states. Intertwiners. Primary states and cluster property. Purification. W*-algebras..- 3. The Net of Algebras of Local Observables.- 3.1 Smoothness and integration. Local definiteness and local normality..- 3.2 Symmetries and symmetry breaking. Vacuum states. The spectral ideals..- 3.3 Summary of the structure..- 4. The Vacuum Sector.- 4.1 The orthocomplemented lattice of causally complete regions..- 4.2 The net of von Neumann algebras in the vacuum representation..- IV. Charges, Global Gauge Groups and Exchange Symmetry.- 1. Charge Superselection Sectors.- “Strange statistics”. Charges. Selection criteria for relevant sectors. The program and survey of results..- 2. The DHR-Analysis.- 2.1 Localized morphisms..- 2.2 Intertwiners and exchange symmetry (“Statistics”)..- 2.3 Charge conjugation, statistics parameter..- 2.4 Covariant sectors and energy-momentum spectrum..- 2.5 Fields and collision theory..- 3. The Buchholz-Fredenhagen-Analysis.- 3.1 Localized 1-particle states..- 3.2 BF-topological charges..- 3.3 Composition of sectors and exchange symmetry..- 3.4 Charge conjugation and the absence of “infinite statistics”..- 4. Global Gauge Group and Charge Carrying Fields.- Implementation of endomorphisms. Charges with d = 1. Endomorphisms and non Abelian gauge group. DR categories and the embedding theorem..- 5. Low Dimensional Space-Time and Braid Group Statistics.- Statistics operator and braid group representations. The 2+1-dimensional case with BF-charges. Statistics parameter and Jones index..- V. Thermal States and Modular Automorphisms.- 1. Gibbs Ensembles, Thermodynamic Limit, KMS-Condition.- 1.1 Introduction..- 1.2 Equivalence of KMS-condition to Gibbs ensembles for finite volume..- 1.3 The arguments for Gibbs ensembles..- 1.4 The representation induced by a KMS-state..- 1.5 Phases, symmetry breaking and the decomposition of KMS-states..- 1.6 Variational principles and autocorrelation inequalities..- 2. Modular Automorphisms and Modular Conjugation.- 2.1 The Tomita-Takesaki theorem..- 2.2 Vector representatives of states. Convex cones in H..- 2.3 Relative modular operators and Radon-Nikodym derivatives..- 2.4 Classification of factors..- 3. Direct Characterization of Equilibrium States.- 3.1 Introduction..- 3.2 Stability..- 3.3 Passivity..- 3.4 Chemical potential..- 4. Modular Automorphisms of Local Algebras.- 4.1 The Bisognano-Wichmann theorem..- 4.2 Conformal invariance and the theorem of Hislop and Longo..- 5. Phase Space, Nuclearity, Split Property, Local Equilibrium.- 5.1 Introduction..- 5.2 Nuclearity and split property..- 5.3 Open subsystems..- 5.4 Modular nuclearity..- 6. The Universal Type of Local Algebras.- VI. Particles. Completeness of the Particle Picture.- 1. Detectors, Coincidence Arrangements, Cross Sections.- 1.1 Generalities..- 1.2 Asymptotic particle configurations. Buchholz’s strategy..- 2. The Particle Content.- 2.1 Particles and infraparticles..- 2.2 Single particle weights and their decomposition..- 2.3 Remarks on the particle picture and its completeness..- 3. The Physical State Space of Quantum Electrodynamics.- VII. Principles and Lessons of Quantum Physics. A Review of Interpretations, Mathematical Formalism and Perspectives.- 1. The Copenhagen Spirit. Criticisms, Elaborations.- Niels Bohr’s epistemological considerations. Realism. Physical systems and the division problem. Persistent non-classical correlations. Collective coordinates, decoherence and the classical approximation. Measurements. Correspondence and quantization. Time reflection asymmetry of statistical conclusions..- 2. The Mathematical Formalism.- Operational assumptions. “Quantum Logic”. Convex cones..- 3. The Evolutionary Picture.- Events, causal links and their attributes. Irreversibility. The EPR-effect. Ensembles vs. individuals. Decisions. Comparison with standard procedure..- VIII. Retrospective and Outlook.- 1. Algebraic Approach vs. Euclidean Quantum Field Theory.- 2. Supersymmetry.- 3. The Challenge from General Relativity.- 3.1 Introduction..- 3.2 Quantum field theory in curved space-time..- 3.3 Hawking temperature and Hawking radiation..- 3.4 A few remarks on quantum gravity..- Author Index and References.
£66.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Statistical Methods in Quantum Optics 2: Non-Classical Fields
Book SynopsisThis second volume of Howard Carmichael’s work continues the development of the methods used in quantum optics to treat open quantum systems and their fluctuations. Its early chapters build upon the phase-space methods introduced in Volume 1. Written on a level suitable for debut researchers or students in an advanced course in quantum optics, or a course in quantum mechanics or statistical physics that deals with open quantum systems.Table of ContentsThe Degenerate Parametric OscillatorI: Squeezed States.- The Degenerate Parametric OscillatorII: Phase-Space Analysisinthe Small-Noise Limit.- The PositiveP Representation.- The Degenerate Parametric OscillatorIII: Phase-Space Analysis Outside the Small-Noise Limit.- Cavity QED I: Simple Calculations.- Many Atoms in a Cavity: Macroscopic Theory.- Many Atoms in a Cavity II: Quantum Fluctuations in the Small-Noise Limit.- Cavity QED II: Quantum Fluctuations.- Quantum Trajectories I: Background and Interpretation.- Quantum Trajectories II: The Degenerate Parametric Oscillator.- Quantum Trajectories III: More Examples.
£104.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Kernphysik: Eine Einführung
Book SynopsisKompakte 3., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage: Die Autoren wenden sich an Studierende nach dem Vordiplom oder Bachelor-Abschluss und geben einen Überblick über die experimentellen und theoretischen Grundlagen des Faches. Ein Teil des Stoffes wird an einigen Universitäten bereits vor dem Vordiplom bzw. während der Bachelor-Ausbildung vermittelt. Die Autoren erläutern zahlreiche Anwendungen kernphysikalischer Methoden in der Materialforschung und der Medizin. Zusätzlich gehen sie auf die Entdeckung neuer Elemente ein, die in jüngster Zeit zu einer Erweiterung des Periodensystems führte. Plus: zahlreiche Übungen mit vollständigen Lösungen.Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen: “... Gerade für den Studienanfänger ist dies ausgesprochen angenehm - dies umso mehr, als das Buch am Experiment orientiert ist und umfangreiche abstrakte Abhandlungen meidet. Dies ist sicherlich für die allermeisten Studierenden der beste, weil konkreteste Weg, den Stoff zu verinnerlichen. Der flüssig lesbare Band wird abgerundet mit Beispielen und durchgerechneten Übungsaufgaben. Die Literaturliste bietet schließlich zahlreiche Ansätze, einzelne Themen zu vertiefen.“ (www.buchkatalog.de)Table of ContentsÄußere Eigenschaften der Atomkerne.- Innere Eigenschaften von Atomkernen.- Kernmodelle.- Experimentelle Verfahren der Kernphysik.- Streuprozesse und Kernreaktionen.- Kernzerfälle – Radioaktivität.- Kernkräfte.- Anwendungen der Kernphysik.- Ausblick.
£47.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Problem Book in Quantum Field Theory
Book SynopsisThe Problem Book in Quantum Field Theory contains about 200 problems with solutions or hints that help students to improve their understanding and develop skills necessary for pursuing the subject. It deals with the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, classical field theory, canonical quantization of scalar, Dirac and electromagnetic fields, the processes in the lowest order of perturbation theory, renormalization and regularization. The solutions are presented in a systematic and complete manner. The material covered and the level of exposition make the book appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students in physics, as well as for teachers and researchers.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "There is, as the author of this book points out, a shortage of books of problems on quantum field theory. This one is based on exercises set to undergraduate and graduate students of the University of Belgrade. There are 64 pages of problems and the solutions occupy a further 171 pages. There is a bibliography and an index. … The book would serve well to accompany an introductory course on QFT." (Lewis H. Ryder, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2007 c) "The book provides the reader with about 200 problems on different topics in quantum field theory … . The material covered and the level of exposition make the book typically appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students in physics. It is actually one of the first problem books in quantum field theory, and can be very useful students both following a course and studying on their own." (Bassano Vacchini, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1102 (4), 2007)Table of ContentsProblems.- Lorentz and Poincaré symmetries.- The Klein-Gordon equation.- The ?-matrices.- The Dirac equation.- Classical field theory and symmetries.- Green functions.- Canonical quantization of the scalar field.- Canonical quantization of the Dirac field.- Canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field.- Processes in the lowest order of perturbation theory.- Renormalization and regularization.- Solutions.- Lorentz and Poincaré symmetries.- The Klein-Gordon equation.- The ?-matrices.- The Dirac equation.- Classical fields and symmetries.- Green functions.- Canonical quantization of the scalar field.- Canonical quantization of the Dirac field.- Canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field.- Processes in the lowest order of the perturbation theory.- Renormalization and regularization.
£56.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Physics of Black Holes: A Guided Tour
Book SynopsisBlack Holes are still considered to be among the most mysterious and fascinating objects in our universe. Awaiting the era of gravitational astronomy, much progress in theoretical modeling and understanding of classical and quantum black holes has already been achieved. The present volume serves as a tutorial, high-level guided tour through the black-hole landscape: information paradox and blackhole thermodynamics, numerical simulations of black-hole formation and collisions, braneworld scenarios and stability of black holes with respect to perturbations are treated in great detail, as is their possible occurrence at the LHC. An outgrowth of a topical and tutorial summer school, this extensive set of carefully edited notes has been set up with the aim of constituting an advanced-level, multi-authored textbook which meets the needs of both postgraduate students and young researchers in the fields of modern cosmology, astrophysics and (quantum) field theory. Table of ContentsBlack Holes and their Properties.- What Exactly is the Information Paradox?.- Classical Yang–Mills Black Hole Hair in Anti-de Sitter Space.- Black Hole Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics.- Colliding Black Holes and Gravitational Waves.- Numerical Simulations of Black Hole Formation.- Higher-Dimensional Black Holes.- Black Holes in Higher-Dimensional Gravity.- Braneworld Black Holes.- Higher Order Gravity Theories and Their Black Hole Solutions.- Gravitational Waves from Braneworld Black Holes.- Black Holes at the Large Hadron Collider.- Perturbations of Black Holes.- Perturbations and Stability of Higher-Dimensional Black Holes.- Analytic Calculation of Quasi-Normal Modes.
£42.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Mind, Matter and Quantum Mechanics
Book Synopsis"Scientists other than quantum physicists often fail to comprehend the enormity of the conceptual change wrought by quantum theory in our basic conception of the nature of matter," writes Henry Stapp. Stapp is a leading quantum physicist who has given particularly careful thought to the implications of the theory that lies at the heart of modern physics. In this book, which contains several of his key papers as well as new material, he focuses on the problem of consciousness and explains how quantum mechanics allows causally effective conscious thought to be combined in a natural way with the physical brain made of neurons and atoms. The book is divided into four sections. The first consists of an extended introduction. Key foundational and somewhat more technical papers are included in the second part, together with a clear exposition of the "orthodox" interpretation of quantum mechanics. The third part addresses, in a non-technical fashion, the implications of the theory for some of the most profound questions that mankind has contemplated: How does the world come to be just what it is and not something else? How should humans view themselves in a quantum universe? What will be the impact on society of the revised scientific image of the nature of man? The final part contains a mathematical appendix for the specialist and a glossary of important terms and ideas for the interested layman. This third edition has been significantly expanded with two new chapters covering the author's most recent work.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "The author develops new chapters on many findings of recent research on the mind-body problem as well as their extrapolation to new and difficult technical and social areas. The book is highly recommended to physicists, mathematicians, social scientists, and intelligent general readers." (Albert A. Mullin, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1087, 2006)Table of Contents…and then a Miracle Occurs.- A Quantum Theory of Consciousness.- Theory.- The Copenhagen Interpretation.- Mind, Matter, and Quantum Mechanics.- A Quantum Theory of the Mind–Brain Interface.- Implications.- Mind, Matter, and Pauli.- Choice and Meaning in the Quantum Universe.- Future Achievements to Be Gained through Science.- A Quantum Conception of Man.- Quantum Theory and the Place of Mind in Nature.- New Developments and Future Visions.- Neuroscience, Atomic Physics, and the Human Person.- Societal Ramifications of the New Scientific Conception of Human Beings.- Physicalism Versus Quantum Mechanics.- A Model of the Quantum–Classical and Mind–Brain Connections, and the Role of the Quantum Zeno Effect in the Physical Implementation of Conscious Intent.- Appendices.- A Mathematical Mode.
£61.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG The Physics of the Early Universe
Book SynopsisThe Physics of the Early Universe is an edited and expanded version of the lectures given at a recent summer school of the same name. Its aim is to present an advanced multi-authored textbook that meets the needs of both postgraduate students and young researchers interested in, or already working on, problems in cosmology and general relativity, with emphasis on the early universe. A particularly strong feature of the present work is the constructive-critical approach to the present mainstream theories, the careful assessment of some alternative approaches, and the overall balance between theoretical and observational considerations. As such, this book will also benefit experienced scientists and nonspecialists from related areas of research. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "This is a set of 9 review articles given as part of a 2003 summer school on Syros Island, Greece. … this book provides a solid introduction to current research in early universe physics, which should be useful for PhD students or postdoctoral researchers who want the real thing. … This, then, is a useful book for someone wanting to leap right into modern theoretical ideas of early universe physics." (Douglas Scott, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Issue 24, 2007)Table of ContentsAn Introduction to the Physics of the Early Universe.- Cosmological Perturbation Theory.- Cosmic Microwave Backgrond Anisotropies.- Oberservational Cosmology.- Dark Matter and Dark Energy.- String Cosmology.- Brane-World Cosmology.- Gravitational Wave Astronomy: the High Frequency Window.- Computational Black Hole Dynamics.
£40.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Quantum Theory of Magnetism: Magnetic Properties of Materials
Book Synopsis"Quantum Theory of Magnetism" is the only book that deals with the phenomenon of magnetism from the point of view of "linear response". That is, how does a magnetic material respond when excited by a magnetic field? That field may be uniform, or spatially varying, static or time dependent. Previous editions have dealt primarily with the magnetic response. This edition incorporates the resistive response of magnetic materials as well. It also includes problems to test the reader's (or student's) comprehension. The rationale for a book on magnetism is as valid today as it was when the first two editions of Quantum Theory of Magnetism were published. Magnetic phenomena continue to be discovered with deep scientific implications and novel applications. Since the Second Edition, for example, Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) was discovered and the new field of "spintronics" is currently expanding. Not only do these phenomena rely on the concepts presented in this book, but magnetic properties are often an important clue to our understanding of new materials (e.g., high-temperature superconductors). Their magnetic properties, studied by susceptibility measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance, neutron scattering, etc. have provided insight to the superconductivity state.This updated edition offers revised emphasis on some material as a result of recent developments and includes new material, such as an entire chapter on thin film magnetic multilayers. Researchers and students once again have access to an up-to-date classic reference on magnetism, the key characteristic of many modern materials.Table of ContentsThe Magnetic Susceptibility.- The Magnetic Hamiltonian.- The Static Susceptibility of Noninteracting Systems.- The Static Susceptibility of Interacting Systems: Local Moments.- The Static Susceptibility of Interacting Systems: Metals.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Weakly Interacting Systems: Local Moments.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Weakly Interacting Systems: Metals.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Strongly Interacting Systems.- Thin Film Systems.- Neutron Scattering.
£161.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Heat Kernel and Quantum Gravity
Book SynopsisThis book is aimed at theoretical as well as primarily physicists graduate students in field working quantum theory, quantum gravity, theories, gauge to sdme and and, it is not extent, general relativity cosmology. Although aimed at a I that it also be of level, hope in mathematically rigorous may terest to mathematical and mathematicians in physicists working spectral of differential mani geometry, spectral asymptotics on operators, analysis differential and mathematical methods in folds, geometry quantum theory. Thisbook will be considered too abstract some but certainly by physicists, not detailed and most mathematicians. This in completeenoughby means, thatthe material is at the level of particular, presented "physical" So, rigor. there theorems and areno and technicalcalculationsare lemmas, proofs long omitted. I tried detailed to a ofthe basic Instead, give presentation ideas, methodsandresults. Itried makethe to as andcom Also, exposition explicit as the lessabstractandhaveillustratedthe plete possible, methods language and results withsome As is well "onecannot examples. known, cover every in an text. The in this thing", especially introductory approach presented book the lines is a further of the so called along goes (and development) fieldmethod ofDe Witt. As a Ihavenot dealt at background consequence, allwithmanifoldswith boundary,non Laplacetype (ornonminimal) opera Riemann Cartan manifolds well with as as recent tors, developments many and advanced such Ashtekar's more as topics, approach,supergravity,strings, matrix etc. The membranes, interested reader is referred models, M theory tothe literature.Trade Review"This monograph rightly belongs to a series ‘Lecture notes in Physics’, as it represents a well-written review of main results by the author, who is a recognized expert on heat kernel techniques in quantum gravity. [...] The results exposed in this book reflect the major contributions of the author to differential geometry and the theory of differential operators. They have many applications in quantum field theory with background fields, and indeed, the book can be used as a text for a short graduate course in the heat kernel techniques and their quantum gravity." (Mathematical Reviews 2003a)Table of ContentsBackground Field Method in Quantum Field Theory.- Technique for Calculation of De Witt Coefficients.- Partial Summation of Schwinger-De Witt Expansion.- Higher-Derivative Quantum Gravity.- Conclusion.
£80.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Quantum Chromodynamics on the Lattice: An Introductory Presentation
Book SynopsisQuantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental quantum ?eld theory of quarks and gluons. In order to discuss it in a mathematically well-de?ned way, the theory has to be regularized. Replacing space-time by a Euclidean lattice has proven to be an e?cient approach which allows for both theor- ical understanding and computational analysis. Lattice QCD has become a standard tool in elementary particle physics. Asthetitlealreadysays:thisbookisintroductory!Thetextisintendedfor newcomerstothe?eld,servingasastartingpoint.Wesimplywantedtohavea bookwhichwecanputintothehandsofanadvancedstudentfora?rstreading on lattice QCD. This imaginary student brings as a prerequisite knowledge of higher quantum mechanics, some continuum quantum ?eld theory, and basic facts of elementary particle physics phenomenology. In view of the wealth of applications in current research the topics p- sented here are limited and we had to make some painful choices. We discuss QCD but omit most other lattice ?eld theory applications like scalar th- ries, gauge-Higgs models, or electroweak theory. Although we try to lead the reader up to present day understanding, we cannot possibly address all on- ing activities, in particular concerning the role of QCD in electroweak theory. Subjects like glueballs, topological excitations, and approaches like chiral p- turbation theory are mentioned only brie?y. This allows us to cover the other topics quite explicitly, including detailed derivations of key equations. The ?eld is rapidly developing. The proceedings of the annual lattice conferences provide information on newer directions and up-to-date results.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This is a very nice and readable book on lattice gauge theories. It is conceived for non-specialists in the field and is quite self-contained. … It is a modern, updated introduction to lattice gauge theory, very easy to consult and conceived in a modern way. This is an excellent textbook for students or anyone wishing to be introduced to the subject.” (Giuseppe Nardelli, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2010 k)Table of ContentsThe path integral on the lattice.- The path integral on the lattice.- QCD on the lattice — a first look.- QCD on the lattice — a first look.- Pure gauge theory on the lattice.- Pure gauge theory on the lattice.- Numerical simulation of pure gauge theory.- Numerical simulation of pure gauge theory.- Fermions on the lattice.- Fermions on the lattice.- Hadron spectroscopy.- Hadron spectroscopy.- Chiral symmetry on the lattice.- Chiral symmetry on the lattice.- Dynamical fermions.- Dynamical fermions.- Symanzik improvement and RG actions.- Symanzik improvement and RG actions.- More about lattice fermions.- More about lattice fermions.- Hadron structure.- Hadron structure.- Temperature and chemical potential.- Temperature and chemical potential.
£42.74
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Teilchen und Kerne: Eine Einführung in die physikalischen Konzepte
Book SynopsisDie Grundidee dieses einführenden Lehrbuchs besteht darin, eine einheitliche Darstellung von Kern- und Teilchenphysik aus experimenteller Sicht zu geben. Die Reduktion der komplex aufgebauten Materie der Atomkerne und Nukleonen auf wenige Grundbausteine und Wechselwirkungen ist die erste Botschaft dieses Buchs. Der zweite Teil, der den Aufbau von Nukleonen und Kernen aus diesen Grundbausteinen beschreibt, macht deutlich, dass Komplexität, die aus der Vielkörperwechselwirkung entsteht, in immer größerem Maß die Gesetzmäßigkeiten der zusammengesetzten Systeme bestimmt. Behandelt wird die Kernmaterie bei hohen Temperaturen und die Rolle von Kern- und Teilchenphysik bei astrophysikalischen Vorgängen. Die neuesten Entwicklungen in der Neutrinophysik werden dargestellt. Die neue Auflage bietet neue Kapitel zur schwachen Wechselwirkung und zu den Baryonen. Das in straffem und klarem Stil abgefasste Lehrbuch eignet sich gut als Begleittext zu den einführenden Vorlesungen an Hochschulen.Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen:“… eine lebendige, profunde Darstellung der derzeitigen Erkenntnisse, geschrieben für Studenten der Physik; fraglos aber werden auch Vertreter anderer Fachgebiete von der Lektüre profitieren.” (in: Impulse, Jg. 18, November 2014)Table of Contents1. Hors d’oeuvre.- Teil I. Analyse: Bausteine der Materie.- 2. Globale Eigenschaften der Kerne.- 3. Stabilität der Kerne.- 4. Streuung.- 5. Geometrische Gestalt der Kerne.- 6. Elastische Streuung am Nukleon.- 7. Tiefinelastische Streuung.- 8. Quarks, Gluonen und starke Wechselwirkung.- 9. Teilchenerzeugung in e+e− -Kollisionen.- 10. Phänomenologie der schwachen Wechselwirkung.- 11. Neutrinooszillationen und Neutrinomassen.- 12. W±- und Z0-Bosonen und das Higgs-Teilchen.- 13. Das Standardmodell.- Teil II. Synthese: Zusammengesetzte Systeme.- 14. Quarkonia.- 15. Mesonen.- 16. Baryonen.- 17. Kernkraft.- 18. Aufbau der Kerne.- 19. Kollektive Kernanregungen.- 20. Nukleare Thermodynamik.- 21. Vielkörpersysteme der starken Wechselwirkung.- A. Anhang.- Lösungen.- Literaturverzeichnis.- Sachverzeichnis.
£36.09
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Nuclear Physics
Book SynopsisThis textbook explains the experimental basics, effects and theory of nuclear physics. It supports learning and teaching with numerous worked examples, questions and problems with answers. Numerous tables and diagrams help to better understand the explanations. A better feeling to the subject of the book is given with sketches about the historical development of nuclear physics. The main topics of this book include the phenomena associated with passage of charged particles and radiation through matter which are related to nuclear resonance fluorescence and the Moessbauer effect., Gamov’s theory of alpha decay, Fermi theory of beta decay, electron capture and gamma decay. The discussion of general properties of nuclei covers nuclear sizes and nuclear force, nuclear spin, magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment. Nuclear instability against various modes of decay and Yukawa theory are explained. Nuclear models such as Fermi Gas Model, Shell Model, Liquid Drop Model, Collective Model and Optical Model are outlined to explain various experimental facts related to nuclear structure. Heavy ion reactions, including nuclear fusion, are explained. Nuclear fission and fusion power production is treated elaborately.Table of ContentsPassage of Charged Particles Through Matter.- Passage of Radiation Through Matter.- Radioactivity.- General Properties of Nuclei.- The Nuclear 1\vo-Body.- Nuclear Models.- Nuclear Reactions.
£61.74
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Scattering Amplitudes in Gauge Theories
Book SynopsisAt the fundamental level, the interactions of elementary particles are described by quantum gauge field theory. The quantitative implications of these interactions are captured by scattering amplitudes, traditionally computed using Feynman diagrams. In the past decade tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of and computational abilities with regard to scattering amplitudes in gauge theories, going beyond the traditional textbook approach. These advances build upon on-shell methods that focus on the analytic structure of the amplitudes, as well as on their recently discovered hidden symmetries. In fact, when expressed in suitable variables the amplitudes are much simpler than anticipated and hidden patterns emerge.These modern methods are of increasing importance in phenomenological applications arising from the need for high-precision predictions for the experiments carried out at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as in foundational mathematical physics studies on the S-matrix in quantum field theory.Bridging the gap between introductory courses on quantum field theory and state-of-the-art research, these concise yet self-contained and course-tested lecture notes are well-suited for a one-semester graduate level course or as a self-study guide for anyone interested in fundamental aspects of quantum field theory and its applications.The numerous exercises and solutions included will help readers to embrace and apply the material presented in the main text.Trade Review“Aimed at the advanced graduate student or a practitioner of high energy theory interested in the subject, the book begins with a review of non-abelian gauge theory and its conventional Feynman methods before immediately delving into on-shell recursion relations of BCFW (Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten) and factorization properties. … Of particular usefulness to the student are the exercises and an entire appendix dedicated to their detailed solutions.” (Yang-Hui He, zbMATH 1315.81005, 2015)Table of ContentsIntroduction and Basics.- Tree-Level Techniques.- Loop-Level Structure.- Advanced Topics.- Renormalization Properties of Wilson Loops.- Conventions and Useful Formulae.- Solutions to the Exercises.- References.
£24.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Original Scientific Papers / Wissenschaftliche Originalarbeiten
Book SynopsisThis is the final volume of Heisenberg's Collected Works. It contains his papers on a (nonlinear) unified theory of elementary particles, as well as his contribution to superconductivity and multiparticle production. Especially interesting is the first group of papers, which is split intotwo sections dealing with, firstly, the formulation of the famous nonlinear spinor equation and, secondly,its applications. Among others the reader willfind a thorough discussion of Heisenberg's collaboration with W. Pauli on these matters. Illuminating annotations to the various sections in this volume have been provided by H. Koppe, R. Hagedorn and the editors.
£56.99
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Neustart des LHC: das Higgs-Teilchen und das
Book SynopsisDieses Essential gibt eine kompakte Einführung in unser aktuelles Bild der Elementarteilchenphysik. Es legt dabei den Schwerpunkt auf Phänomene wie das Higgs-Teilchen, welche am Large Hadron Collider (LHC) erforscht werden. Der LHC am Forschungszentrum CERN bei Genf ist der leistungsfähigste Beschleuniger der Welt und läuft seit dem Frühjahr 2015 erneut mit Rekordenergie. Der Autor beschreibt, wie das sogenannte „Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik“ aufgebaut ist und wie die Experimente des LHC es durch genauere Messungen festigen und durch neue Entdeckungen revolutionieren können. Dabei werden die wichtigsten grundlegenden Begriffe erklärt: Was sind beispielsweise virtuelle Teilchen, und welche Rolle spielen sie in der Natur? Was ist eine Quantenfeldtheorie? Sind die Elementarteilchen wirklich elementar? Was ist Symmetriebrechung? Trade Review Table of Contents
£9.99
Springer Spektrum Neustart Des Lhc: Cern Und Die Beschleuniger: Die
Book Synopsis
£9.99
