Paediatric medicine Books

Book SynopsisThe past fifteen years have seen a resurgence of interest in the psychology of female development, impelled by factors both intrinsic and external to psychoanalysis. Within psychoanalysis, increasingly sophisticated formulations regarding ego development and object relations have modified and elaborated drive-oriented conceptualizations of psychosexual development. In addition, the recent focus upon narcissistic and borderline adult pathologies has led to a closer examination of the earliest phases of life, with emphasis upon early mother-child interactions and the nature of early identifications, narcissistic development and the formation of gender identity. The social and cultural changes reflected in the women's movement resulted in widespread charges that Freudian doctrine concerning female development was denigrating and phallocentric; in responding to this challenge, psychoanalytic theorists were stimulated to reconsider established hypotheses that viewed femininity as a secondary, defensive formulation. In addition, new discoveries and reinterpretations relating to fetal development and the physiology of the female orgasm challenged traditional conceptions about the masculine nature of libido. These various strands of developing knowledge and interest intersect in the area of early female development and make it a focal point from which to investigate and resolve major issues in psychoanalytic thinking. As inconsistencies and errors in the classical formulations about female psychosexual development are discovered, and reformulations made through closely detiriled observations based on current theoretical assumptions, they in tum illuminate issues in ego psychology, object relations and narcissistic development, and enlarge the entire body of psychoanalytic theory.Table of Contents1 On the Origins of Gender Identity.- 2 The Anal Phase.- 3 Considerations about the Development of the Girl during the Separation-Individuation Process.- 4 The Inner-Genital Phase — Prephallic and Preoedipal.- 5 A Suggested Developmental Sequence for a Preoedipal Genital Phase.- 6 The Female Oedipus Complex: Its Antecedents and Evolution.- 7 The Latency Period.- 8 Narcissistic Development.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume are drawn from the presentations delivered at a symposium on Developmental Disabilities in the Preschool Child. This sym­ posium was held under the auspices of The Institute for Pediatric Service of Johnson and Johnson Baby Products. It was co-sponsored by The College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Rutgers Medical School, and The In­ stitute for the Study of Exceptional Children, Educational Testing Service. The symposium was held in the Fall of 1979 in Chicago, Illinois and the participants, including Ph. D . 's, Ed. D . 's, and M. D . 's, represented the interdisciplinary approach which characterized the meetings. The interdisciplinary set of speakers was matched by an equally diverse audience who represented almost every profes­ sional group concerned with the needs of disabled children and their families. Because of the successful information exchange that took place, a published volume of the proceedings was determined to be useful for others who were not able to attend. To all those who toil to help developmentally disabled children and their families we dedicate this volume. Michael Lewis Lawrence T. Taft vii CONTENTS Introduction xiii Part I-Sensory Development 1 / Handicapped Child - Facts of Life 3 Me"itt B. Low 2 / Theoretical Issues in the Early Development of Visual Perception 9 Joseph F. Fagan III and Patricia Ann Shepherd 3 / Clinical Appraisal of Vision 35 Richard N.Table of ContentsI—Sensory Development.- 1 / Handicapped Child — Facts of Life.- 2 / Theoretical Issues in the Early Development of Visual Perception.- 3 / Clinical Appraisal of Vision.- 4 / Early Visual Impairment: Research and Assessment.- 5 / Intervention Strategies and the State of Education for the Visually Handicapped.- 6 / Theoretical Issues in the Development of Audition.- 7 / Appraisal of Auditory Function in Children.- 8 / Behavioral Assessment of Infants’ Hearing.- II—Motor Development.- 9 / Theoretical Issues in the Development of Motor Skills.- 10 / Neuromotor Assessment of Infants.- 11 / Intervention for Physically Handicapped Children.- III—Cognitive Development.- 12 / Issues in the Early Development of Intelligence and its Assessment.- 13 / Attention as a Measure of Cognitive Integrity.- 14 / Early Description and Prediction of Developmental Dysfunction in Preschool Children.- 15 / An Information Processing Approach to Infant Cognitive Assessment.- 16 / Effects of Educational Intervention Programs on the Cognitive Development of Young Children.- 17 / The Effects of Educational Intervention on Cognitive Development.- IV—Language Development.- 18 / Theoretical Bases of Language and Communication Development in Preschool Children.- 19 / Clinical Appraisal of Language Functions in the Preschool Child.- 20 / Early Language Intervention: When and How.- V—Affective/Temperament Development.- 21 / Theoretical Perspectives on Emotions in Developmental Disabilities.- 22 / Chnical Appraisal of Temperament.- 23 / Theoretical Issues in Temperament.- 24 / Developmental Disabilities: Intervention Strategies in the Affective Domain.- 25 / Using Our Emotions: Some Principles for Appraising Emotional Development and Intervention.

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Book SynopsisFollowing the pattern of previous years the 11th symposium of the S.S.I.E.M. held in the beautiful sylvan surroundings of Sussex Univ­ ersity, concentrated on a relatively small section of the field of inborn errors. The subject chosen-Inborn Errors of Skin, Hair and Con­ nective Tissue, was a highly topical one. Intensive research during the last few years particularly on the structure and disorders of connective tissue has considerably advanced our knowledge on this subject. We believe that the range of diseases covered, and the depth in which they were discussed, made this meeting unique. The proceedings contain much original material and reference information which should make them an invaluable addition to the literature on metabolic disorders. The work involved is multi-disciplinary involving among others physicists, organic chemists, biochemists, clinical chemists, paedia­ tricians, physicians, geneticists and neurologists. The bringing together of workers of many disciplines to contribute to the particular subject under discussion at our Symposia has always been an important objective of the Society. In this case we were very fortunate in gathering together experts from all the fields mentioned above. In particular we were honoured that Professor A. Dorfman of Chicago could accept our invitation to give the second Milner Lecture. We were also privileged to have some excellent contributions from the research scientists on whom we must rely for our ultimate understanding of the diseases, and rational approach to treatment.Table of ContentsInborn Errors and Skin.- 1 Inborn errors of skin.- Inborn Errors and Hair.- 2 Inherited conditions affecting the proteins of hair.- 3 Some aspects of the use of hair follicles for the biochiemcal study of inborn errors of metabolism.- Inborn Errors of Connective Tissue.- 4 Morphological aspects of the mucopolysaccharidoses.- 5 Glycosaminoglycans of foetal tissue in two cases of Hurler’s syndrome.- 6 The mucolipidioses: with special reference to I-cell disease.- 7 Structure and biosynthesis of collagen.- 8 Biosynthesis of collagen cross-links : relationship of heritable disorders.- 9 Molecular conformations of connective tissue mucopolysaccharides.- 10 Mucopolysaccharides in ageing.- 11 Genetic aspects of mucopolysaccharidoses with special reference to heterozygous carriers.- The Second Milner Lecture.- 12. Genetic defects of the degradation of glycosaminoglycans: the mucopolysaccharidoses.- 13 Chemistry of dermatan sulphate accumulated intracellularly in Hunter’s disease.- 14 The treatment of genetic mucopolysaccharidoses.- Laboratory Aspects of the Mucopolysaccharides Including diagnosis and screening.- 15 The laboratory diagnosis of the mucopolysaccharidoses.- 16 Screening newborns for mucopolysaccharidoses.- 17 Acid glycosaminoglycan excretion in the mucopolysaccharidoses: determination of glycosaminoglycans in urine and amniotic fluid using new micro-analytical techniques.- 18 An evaluation of methods suitable for a clinical laboratory study of abnormal glycosaminoglycan excretion.

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Book SynopsisSurprisingly, the beginning of a modern approach This collection of articles and commentaries is an to the problems of birth defects is relatively recent integration of information from many disciplines, and dates from Gregg's classical report in 1941 that and presents a comprehensive survey of both recent mothers who contracted rubella during the first tri­ and previously reported work related to the major mester of pregnancy gave birth to infants with severe aspects of birth defects. In particular, an attempt multiple anomalies. For the first time, an environ­ has been made to provide a critical assessment of mental agent was found to be teratogenic in man current concepts and to identify areas in need of and was documented in a thoroughly convincing further investigation. manner. Since then, many important discoveries The scope of this volume and space limitations and significant developments have been made, par­ precluded discussion of and reference to all papers ticularly in the areas of environmental teratogenesis, of relevance or importance: a work of the present hereditary mechanisms, and prenatal diagnosis. nature must necessarily be selective. Some good In recent years, there has been an impressive papers have been left out or given relatively little surge of interest in the causes and prevention of consideration. It is my hope that the list of Further birth defects. Undoubtedly this resulted not only References will be consulted and should compensate from the thalidomide tragedy, but also from the for this lack of completeness.Table of ContentsI Beliefs, Mythology, Magic and Superstition.- 1. Congenital malformations in the past.- 2. A brief history of teratology to the early 20th century.- II Epidemiology of Birth Defects.- 3. Classification and nomenclature of morphological defects.- 4. Epidemiologic aspects of the problem of congenital malformations.- 5. Congenital malformations. A report of a study of series of consecutive births in 24 centres. (Extracts).- 6. The incidence of developmental and other genetic abnormalities.- III Teratological Mechanisms.- 7. Interrelation of the common congenital malformations. Some aetiological implications.- 8. Defective regulatory mechanisms in teratogenesis.- 9. Mechanisms of teratogenesis.- 10. Congenital postural deformities: perinatal associations.- IV Cytogenetic and Chromosomal Studies.- 11. A morphological distinction between neurones of the male and female, and the behaviour of the nucleolar satellite during accelerated nucleoprotein synthesis.- 12. The detection of chromosomal sex in hermaphrodites from a skin biopsy.- 13. The chromosome number of man.- 14. Retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies of 1500 karyotyped spontaneous human abortions.- 15. Chromosome abnormality and perinatal death.- 16. Cytogenetics of fetal wastage.- 17. Spontaneous abortion and aging of human ova and spermatozoa.- 18. Where have all the conceptions gone?.- 19. Genetics of common disorders.- 20. Genetic hazards to man from environmental agents.- V Environmental Influences and Congenital Abnormalities.- 21. Pigs born without eye balls.- 22. Congenital cataract following German measles in the mother.- 23. The role of viruses in congenital defects.- 24. Congenital toxoplasmosis. A prospective study of 378 pregnancies.- 25. Therapeutic abortions with a folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid (4-amino P.G.A.) administered by the oral route. (Extract).- 26. Diskussionsbemerkung von Privatdozent Dr. W. Lenz, Hamburg, zu dem Vortrag von R. A. Pfeiffer und K. Kosenow: Zur Frage der exogenen Entstehung schwerer Extremitätenmissbildungen.- 27. Thalidomide and congenital abnormalities.- 28. Thalidomide and congenital abnormalities.- 29. Foetal malformations due to thalidomide.- 30. Nonadrenal female pseudohermaphrodism after administration of testosterone to mother during pregnancy.- 31. Masculinization of female fetus due to use of orally given progestins.- 32. Adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women.- 33. Are anti-epileptics harmful in pregnancy? (Extract).- 34. Anticonvulsant drugs and congenital abnormalities.- 35. Congenital abnormalities and anticonvulsant drugs.- 36. A clinical look at the problem of drugs in pregnancy and their effect on the fetus.- 37. Intra-uterine methylmercury poisoning in Iraq.- 38. Assessing the impact of low level chemicals on development: behavioral and latent effects.- 39. A preliminary report of cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity. (Extract).- 40. Effect of mothers’ smoking habits on birth weight of their children.- 41. The fetal alcohol syndrome.- 42. Potatoes and spina bifida.- 43. The outcome of 625 pregnancies in women subjected to pelvic radium or roentgen irradiation. (Extract).- 44. Radiation and pregnancy.- VI Detection of Environmental Teratogens.- 45. Environmental factors in the etiology of human malformations: perspectives and problems of evaluation.- 46. Hazards of the first nine months: an epidemiologist’s nightmare.- VII Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Abnormalities.- 47. Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. An analysis of experience with 600 cases.- 48. Prenatal diagnosis of mongolism by X-ray.- 49. Diagnosis of congenital fetal abnormalities by sonography.- 50. Amniography for detection of congenital malformations.- 51. Diagnosis of human fetal abnormalities by fetography.- 52. Genetic counselling—or what can we tell parents?.- 53. Pre-, peri- and postnatal prevention of major neuropediatric handicaps.- VIII Social, Ethical, and Medico-Legal Problems.- 54. Moral and ethical problems of pre-natal diagnosis.- 55. Attitudes toward defective newborns.- 56. Ethical and social aspects of treatment of spina bifida.- 57. Moral and ethical dilemmas in the special-care nursery.- Further References.

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Book SynopsisThe use of cultured cells in the clinical diagnosis of hereditary metabolic dis­ ease is a rapidly developing subject to which many different disciplines have brought their expertise and knowledge. A number of scientists who have in­ dividually contributed to the growth of the subject gave invited papers at the Fourteenth Symposium of the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism in the University of Edinburgh on 13-16th July, 1976. These papers form the basis of this monograph which brings together contributions from the basic sciences and from physicians concerned primarily with human disease. The cross-fertilization produced by this interdisciplinary communica­ tion was invaluable to those trying to understand and overcome diagnostic problems posed by hereditary metabolic disease. Cell culture methods and cell preservation techniques were described by D. G. Harnden and D. E. Pegg; Dr T. Elsdale outlined some of the factors which control in vitro cell growth and division. Cell culture methods and cryopreser­ vation techniques have allowed the wide distribution of biochemically abnor­ mal cells and their study over long periods of time. It is also evident that when a defect which produces severe metabolic disorder in man can be studied in the laboratory using isolated cell cultures a wide variety of investigative procedures can be focused on to the cellular defect without distress or discomfort to the patient or relatives.Table of ContentsCell Biology.- 1 Cell Biology and Cell Culture Methods—A Review.- 2 Influence of Cell Culture Medium on the Metabolic Behaviour of the Fibroblast.- 3 Density-dependent Growth Regulation in Cultures of Human Diploid Fibroblasts.- 4 Cryopreservation of Tissue Culture Cells.- 5 Tissue Culture in the Study of Neuromuscular Diseases.- 6 Culture of Neurons and Glial Cells.- Biochemistry.- 7 The Biochemistry of Cytodifferentiation: an Outline of Progress.- 8 A Comparison of Leucocytes and Cultured ‘Fibroblasts’ in Diagnosis.- 9 Acid Hydrolase Production, Release and Uptake by Cultured Fibroblasts.- 10 Sulphatase Deficiencies.- 11 Clinical, Biochemical and Genetic Heterogeneity in Gangliosidoses.- 12 The Cell Membrane in Metabolic Control: The Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Familial Hypercholesterolaemia.- Milner Lecture.- 13 Newer Developments in Tissue Culture: Further Aid in the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism.- Short Papers.

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Book SynopsisThis volume was inspired by an annual meeting of the American Col­ lege of N europsychopharmacology held in Maui, Hawaii. A panel on psychobiological issues of childhood was held, with presentations devoted to antidepressant drug levels in depressed prepubertal children, re­ sponses of normal and hyperactive children to stimulant medication, and the vulnerability of the adolescent offspring of manic-depressive parents to affective illnesses. The session drew a large crowd, and it seemed appropriate to develop these topics in a book. Many of the authors in this volume attended that conference, and the book reflects the fact that psychobiological research in children has moved even further along than was envisioned at Maui. In keeping with developments in the field, this volume surveys key topics of interest, including nosological issues surrounding the attention deficit disorder of childhood, the ontology of neurotransmitter systems in the human brain, and the relation between child psychiatric disorders and sleep patterns. Other studies link the clinical effects of drugs with plasma DBH activity or with attentional measures. The side effects of on growth are examined, as well as the ethical issues involved in drugs on children. These areas continue to be of vital interest.Table of Contents1. Biopsychosocial Aspects of the Hyperactive Child Syndrome.- 2. Ethical Considerations in Psychobiological Research in Children.- 3. The Medical Model: Is It Useful in Child Psychiatry?.- 4. Neurotransmitter Ontogeny as a Perspective for Studies of Child Development and Pathology.- 5. Sleep Studies in Children with Psychiatric Disorders.- 6. Altered Cognitive Processes in Children: Psychobiological Methods of Approval.- 7. Stimulant Related Growth Inhibition in Children: A Review.- 8. Subclassification of Hyperactive Children on the Basis of Minor Physical Anomalies and Plasma Dopamine-Beta-Hydroxylase Activity: An Attempted Replication.- 9. Methylphenidate in Hyperactive and Enuretic Children.- 10. Pilot Trial of Mianserin Hydrochloride for Childhood Hyperactivity.

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Book SynopsisThe frontispiece of this book is called 'The invisible handicap'. Most deaf children, with the exception of very unfortunate multiple-handicap children, look quite normal. The young babies who are sent to my clinics for confirm­ ation (or otherwise) of a hearing loss are very often handsome, delightful infants with no other problems. The deaf child only reveals his handicap when communi­ cation is attempted. At that point the picture changes. To an ill-informed observer this child, who had previously seemed quite normal and who had been seen to be playing normally, suddenl y appears' stu pid'. That, unhappily, is too often the attitude of the general public towards the deaf person. There is far too often a total misunderstanding of the problems of both the deaf child and the deaf adult. It must also be admitted that far too often the speech of the deaf is very ugly and when this is added to their difficulties in verbal comprehension we begin to understand why the attitude of the public at large is ill-judged, intolerant and occasionally even hostile. We must, therefore, aim for three goals. The first must be the ever-increasing education of hearing people about the problems of the deaf, with maximum attempts to involve them with the activities of the deaf community', which has evolved for self-protection and mutual help and under- 11 The development of hearing standing, and which must be opened up to sympathetic hearing people.Table of Contents1 Introductory matters: what is our aim?.- 2 Infants at risk.- 3 The nature of sound.- 4 A physician’s revision of the anatomy of the ear.- 5 When and where?.- 6 Situations for testing.- 7 Taking a history and its importance.- 8 Methods of testing hearing: (a) Distraction techniques.- 9 Methods of testing hearing: (b) Cooperative tests involving speech (c) Conditioning techniques.- 10 Use of the pure tone audiometer.- 11 Causes of hearing loss: (a) Genetic causes.- 12 Causes of hearing loss: (b) Other causes.- 13 The treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: (a) Amplification.- 14 The treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: (b) Auditory training and special education.- 15 Problems of the middle ear.- 16 Deafness associated with mental handicap.- 17 Objective hearing tests.- 18 The deaf child and his family.- Appendix 1: Apparatus.- Appendix 2: Useful addresses.

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Book Synopsisth th st . On December 19 ,20 and 21 1979, we had the opportunlty to organize a Workshop on "Antenatal factors affecting meta­ bolic adaptation to extrauterine life - Role of carbohydra­ tes and energy metabolism". This meeting was made possible thanks to grants from the Committee of Medical Research and Public Health (CRM) of the Commission of European Communi­ ties. We want to express our warmst gratitude for the effort that has been made and we hope that the exchange of information between the participants will allow better understanding of the mechanism of adaptation to extrauterine life and that the conclusions drawn will contribute to a better care of the newborn. Adaptation to extrauterine life is one of the most impor­ tant steps in life. At the moment of birth, numerous conditions are drastically changed and in order to survive the newborn has to rely upon new sources of energy and of substrates. This switch over has to occur smoothly and any adaptation failure will result in the disturbance of impor­ tant metabolic functions. Mortality and morbidity in neo­ natal period remain still very high in comparison with the figures observed later in life; the reduction of mortality has been much more important in child and adult than in neonates.Table of ContentsSession I : Carbohydrate Utilization in the Newborn.- The metabolism of glycogen in the liver of foetal and new-born rats.- Hormonal control of fetal liver glycogen metabolism.- Extrahepatic glycogen stores and their role in homeostasis.- Factors regulating blood glucose in the fetus and in the newborn.- Glucose turnover in the newborn rat.- Factors affecting intra uterine glycogen storage.- Factors affecting glucose metabolism in the newborn rat.- Carbohydrate metabolism in intrauterine growth retardation.- Discussion: Britton, Jones, Minkowski, Hull, Milner.- Session II : Energy Expenditure.- Caloric needs of the newborn..- Variations in the rate of oxygen consumption of newborn human infants.- Energy requirements for growth in the neonate.- The role of oleic acid as a substitute for glucose in brain cell cultures of neonatal mice.- Discussion: Britton, Hull, Girard, Bossi, Helge, Verellen, Minkowski.- Session III: Regulation of Insulin and Glucagon Secretion.- Insulin secretion and metabolism in the rat fetus during late gestation.- Glucagon secretion during the perinatal period.- Plasma insulin and glucagon in well-oxygenated and hypoxic fetal lambs.- Effects of insulin and glucagon on the mother and in the fetus.- Plasma corticosteroids in normal, premature and “small-for-dates” newborn infants throughout the neonatal period.- Somatomedin A activity in newborns.- Session IV: Practical Implications and General Discussion.- Effect of maternal diabetes on glucose regulation in the newborn.- Oral feeding recommendations in full-term and premature newborns.- Discussion: Eggermont, Salle, Teller, Shelley, De Meyer, Van Assche, Senterre, Verellen.- Summary, general discussion and some matters of thinking.

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Book SynopsisFormerly the policy of masterly inactivity was generally accepted in obstetrical practice. However, this is no longer true at the beginning of the present decade, and the authors are to be congratulated in trying to stimulate their juniors to approach the problems of Pre-natal Paediatrics in a well informed manner. Whilst inactivity may still be the treatment of choice in certain cases, it should only be carried out with the full knowledge that all is well, and this obviously will involve the use and understanding of new investigations and techniques. In my opinion the authors have achieved their aims and though there are those who may always have reservations, they must surely accept the authors' appraisal of the modern approach to this science. VICTOR R. TINDALL Cardiff, I97 I PREFACE This book confines itself to those aspects of pre-natal develop­ ment which are of importance to the clinician. We hope to present a reasonably concise account of this relatively new and rapidly expanding field of medical science. Stress is given to concepts which may not yet be in many standard obstetric and paediatric texts. Also, we wish to provide an easily accessible collection of reference data for the busy member of junior staff to refer to during the course of his routine work. We therefore make no apology for any repetition needed to make each section readable without many cross references.Table of Contents1 A ‘sketch map’ of fetal morphology and function.- 2 Adaptation to the newborn state: fetal monitoring.- 3 Assessment of placental function.- 4 Estimation of length of gestation.- 5 Disorders of fetal growth.- 6 Blood group iso-immunization.- 7 Drugs and the fetus.- 8 Fetal infection and the effects of maternal disease.- 9 Genetics and genetic counselling.- 10 Management of fetal abnormalities.- 11 Pre-natal environmental influences on behaviour.- Appendices.- 1 Fetal growth charts.- 2 Technique of amniocentesis.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers all key aspects of critical care in pediatric nephrology, including acute dialysis in sick children. It also provides detailed protocols for managing fluid and electrolyte balance and dialysis in children in intensive care. In addition, this quick guide discusses innovations in pediatric renal replacement therapy technologies, such as plasma exchange, CARPEDIEM, NIDUS and aquadex. This is a go-to book for intensivists, physicians and trainees working in pediatric intensive care units. Trade Review“This handbook provides basic information about pediatric kidney diseases, renal replacement therapy, and special procedures. … This book is certainly a quick guide for pediatric nephrology and pediatric critical care postgraduate trainees as well as for pediatricians with an interest in expanding their knowledge of renal disease. The authors are true visionaries in the field.” (Aftab S. Chishti, Doody's Book Reviews, July 12, 2019)Table of ContentsCritically ill child with acute kidney injury.- Kidney function monitoring in a sick child.- Acute kidney injury- definitions & epidemiology.- Acute kidney injury- diagnosis; biomarkers.- Neonatal AKI.- Hemolytic uremic syndrome.- Acute kidney injury- principles of management.- Fluid overload in pediatric AKI, and it’s assessment.- Nutrition in acute kidney injury.- Pharmacology of a critically ill child and drug dosing.- Peritoneal dialysis.- Vascular access.- Anticoagulation.- Hemodialysis.- SLED and hybrid therapies.- CRRT.- Plasmapheresis in the PICU.- Special situations.- Advances in pediatric RRT- NIDUS, CARPEDIEM, aquadex.- Acute kidney injury- outcomes.

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Book SynopsisThe new, fully updated edition of this successful book, brings together the combined experience of a leading dedicated unit over 25 years in delivering expert medical and surgical care to children with DSD (Disorders Differences of Sex Development) in a holistic environment. It documents the most recent advances in the molecular biology and embryology of sex development, and describes each variation in detail. The main focus of the book is on patients with variations with their anatomy and hormone function. New chapters describe the developments in the field in terms of definitions and incidence, the mental health of DSD patients and discuss the perspectives of patients families and support groups. The clinical presentation and approach to diagnosis are described both for babies and for children presenting later in childhood or at adolescence. The chapters on management highlight all the latest knowledge and include the shared wisdom of the authors on current controversies, such as the timing of surgical treatment. Finally, the authors describe their short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes, which demonstrate the strengths of holistic team management.Table of ContentsCurrent debate about definitions and the incidence of DSD.- The Molecular Basis of Gonadal Development and DSD .-Embryology of the Human Genital Tract.- Hormones Regulating Sex Development.- Questions About Gender: Children with Atypical.-Abnormal Embryology in DSD.- 46,XX DSD.- 46,XY DSD.- Mixed Sex Chromosome and Ovo-Testicular DSD.- Non-hormonal DSD.- Multiple Malformation Syndromes in DSD .- The Neonate with Ambiguous Genitalia.- DSD Later in Childhood .- The Adolescent or Young Adult with DSD .- Imaging in DSD.- Ethical Principles for the Management of Children with Disorders of Sex Development: A Systematic Approach for Individual Cases.- The Medical Management of Disorders of Sex Development.- Surgical Treatment in Infancy.- Laparoscopy for DSD.- The Family.- Genetic Counselling.- Cultural Differences and Controversies about Timing of Management.- A Long-Term Outcome Study of DSD in Melbourne.- Medical Management of Adolescents and Young Adults.- Gynaecological Management.- Psychological Management in Adolescence and Beyond.- Short-, Medium- and Long-Term Outcomes Following Surgery for Disorders of Sex Development at Royal Children’s Hospital.- Long-Term Outcome of Disorders of Sex Development: A World View.- Psychosocial issues and mental health in DSD patients.- Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Patients.- Perspectives of patients, families and support groups.- Additional Material .-Video .-Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is written to simplify complex topics of neonatal and pediatric liver and metabolic diseases which are encountered by clinicians on a day to day basis. Neonatal and early pediatric liver diseases are very much different from adult liver diseases. Most of them are either structural diseases or genetically modulated metabolic disorders affecting liver. They all look same; however the underlying etiology could be quite different. This book thoroughly covers various neonatal and pediatric liver and metabolic diseases through a unique clinical case based approach via a vast clinical experience of the author. The book presents more than 50 unique cases and presents real life learning scenario with various examples facilitating better understanding of the disease and the ways to analyze it. The book uses a simple language and presents line diagrams and algorithms facilitating learning. This book shall be a valuable resource for practicing general pediatricians, pediatric residents and gastroenterologists with involvement in pediatric liver and liver related metabolic diseases. Table of ContentsNeonatal and Pediatric liver Diseases1.1 Neonatal and pediatric liver diseases1.2 Neonatal jaundice:1.3 1.3 Liver Function Tests:1.4 Investigating a case of neonatal jaundice:1.5 Treatment in a case of Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia till a definitive diagnosis is made:Basic understanding of Inborn Error of Metabolism and Metabolic disorders:• Clinical presentation of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM):• Investigations of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM):******************Cases:Case 1: 20 month old child with recurrent convulsions.Case 2: A 9 year old boy presenting with hepatitis, epistaxis and bleeding from gums.Case 3: Lightening strikes at one place thrice!! Case 4: A worried couple with a child having jaundice.Case 5: A 2 year old child who had recurrent hematemesis and bleeding per rectum.Case 5: A 2 year old child who had recurrent hematemesis and bleeding per rectum. Case 6: A child who had lost appetite and interest. Case 7: A year old child with chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive.Case 8: A 3 year old male with recurrent diarrhea and chest infection Case 9: 11 months old twins with Inborn errors of metabolism. Case 10: A child with recurrent diarrhea Case 11: A 3 month old child with recurrent fever, diarrhea, failure to thrive and electrolyte disturbances. Case 12: A 13-Year-Old girl with chronic abdominal Pain and Vomiting. Case 13: A 6 month old child with neonatal cholestasis and generalized edema. Case: 14. A 6 weeks old child who had progressive jaundice and creamy white stools.Case: 15. Milk brandingCase 16: An 8 year old son of a lady executive who was a keen “net” searcher.Case 17: Neo rich parents who wanted best for their child!Case 18: A case of “Criggler-Najjar syndrome”.Case: 19. A pleasant child who developed prolonged jaundice Case 20: Prolonged neonatal jaundice and cardiac defects:Case 21: Neonatal jaundice in a child with ocular problem:Case 22: A 3 year old girl with unexplained vomiting and failure to thrive.Case 23: A 3 year old boy with failure to thrive and progressively stiffening muscles.Case 24: A 2 month old child with neonatal ascites.Case 25: A patient with sickle cell anemia with sudden onset of jaundice.Case 26: A 7 year old boy with recurrence of jaundice.Case 28: An eight year old boy with recurrent jaundice. Case 29: A 3 yr. old with huge liver and abnormal liver functions. Case-30: A fifteen year old boy with prolonged jaundiceCase-31: A young girl with recurrent jaundice and vague RUQ mass.Case-32: A young boy with ascites.Case 33: Two cases of recurrence of jaundice.Case 34: A 12 years old boy with “obstructive jaundice”.Case 35: 11 years old boy with jaundice and bleeding PR.Case 36: A young boy with failed renal transplant and sudden onset of ascites.Case 37: A 2-Year-Old Boy with Diarrhea, Failure to thrive, and HepatomegalyCase 38: A child with “recurrent attacks of asthma”Case 39: A 3 years old boy with recurrent jaundice and severe iron deficiency anemia.Case 40: 3 years old boy with huge liver.Case 41: A case of neonatal liver failureCase 42: A case of acute hepatitis and ……something more.Case 43: A case of neonatal hepatitis and failure to thrive.Case 44: An infant with sudden onset of unilateral ptosis and jaundice.Case 45: A neonate with rapidly deteriorating liver functions. Case 46: A 6 month old child with hematemesis:Case 47: A young child with persistent elevation of SGOT/ SGPT.Case 48: An infant with persistent vomiting.Case 49: A case of Fever and jaundice.Case 50: A neonate with jaundice and enlarged liver.Case 51: A case of huge hepatomegaly but no hypoglycemia.Case 52: Pregnant lady with HBsAg positivity: A paediatrician’s perspective.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides rare insight into how real children/adolescents’ lives unfold as a result of health inequity. The authors present the findings of empirical research into the health and social circumstances of 61 Australian children/adolescents, as reported by healthcare professionals who attended to their medical needs, revealing how healthcare professionals deal with health inequity on the ground. Profound inequities in the health and wellbeing of children/adolescents worldwide have been the focus of intense research for decades. The extent to which children/adolescents’ health and wellbeing is impacted by violence, poverty, their inability to access integrated healthcare services, parental and adolescent substance abuse, unemployment, poor living conditions, poor nutrition, a fractured social support network, disrupted education, and lack of transportation, is widely recognized. While essential, statistical analyses alone cannot reveal the faces of those experiencing health inequity. This work highlights the need for urgent coordinated action to address health inequity so that children and young people have a chance to lead a full life in good health. It is relevant to researchers and practitioners whose work relates to improving children and young people’s lives.“This book should be required reading for those who influence policies developed by all the sectors mentioned above and their funding and administrative bodies – and politicians in particular” (Anonymous Reviewer).Table of ContentsChapter 1- Introduction.- Chapter 2 – Methods and methodology.- Chapter 3 – Overview of Social Determinants of Health Findings and Vignettes.- Chapter 4 – Results of health inequity analyses.- Chapter 5 – Discussion of findings on social determinants of health.- Chapter 6 – Challenges faced in addressing the needs of these children/young people.- Chapter 7 – Solutions adopted for these children/young people and their families.- Chapter 8 – Outcomes: How these children/young people and their families fared.- Chapter 9 - Discussion of challenges, solutions, and outcomes.- Chapter 10. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThe book focuses on the interaction of persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurobiological developmental disorder, characterized by problems with social interaction, over-sensitivity to sensory stimuli and restricted interest (APA 2013). Problems with social interaction being a core feature of ASD, there is a scientific and a societal need for a book focusing on this topic. The book approaches the interaction of persons with ASD from a new angle. Firstly, where most studies on ASD are based on data coming from experimental settings, this book is based on naturally occurring data coming from group therapy sessions where 11–13-year-old Finnish- and French-speaking boys with ASD talk with each other and with their therapists. Secondly, the book treats a variety of themes that have so far been studied much less than, for example, the pragmatic problems of persons with ASD. These themes include the following aspects: speech prosody (characteristic features, perception of atypicality by neurotypical listeners), disfluencies of speech (comparison with neurotypical controls), comprehension problems (role of prosody, role of disfluencies, other causes), gaze behavior (eye contact avoidance strategies, using gaze as a source of feedback) as well as therapists’ response strategies and teaching orientations. The book is intended for researchers working in the field of autism, professionals working with persons with ASD as well as for families of persons with ASD.Table of ContentsPreface1. Introduction1.1. Background1.2. Topics treated in the book1.3. Data1.4. Methods2. Prosody2.1. Overview of previous research on the prosody of persons with ASD2.2. Prosodic characteristics of preadolescent boys with ASD2.3. Perception of atypicality by neurotypical listeners2.4. The role of prosodic features in the creation of comprehension problems2.5. Conclusion3. Disfluencies3.1. Overview of previous research on disfluencies in the speech of persons with ASD3.2. Disfluencies in the speech of preadolescent boys with and without ASD3.3. The role of disfluencies in the creation of comprehension problems3.4. Conclusion4. Comprehension problems4.1. Overview of previous research on conversational repairs in the interaction of persons with ASD4.2. Causes of comprehension problems in group therapy sessions involving preadolescent boys with ASD4.2.1. Overly literal interpretation of speech4.2.2. Topical discontinuities4.2.3. Non-verbal features associated with trouble-source turns: the role of eye contact4.2.4. Other causes of comprehension problems4.3. Conclusion5. Gaze behavior5.1. Overview of previous studies on the role of gaze in interaction from a conversation analytic point of view 5.2. Overview of previous studies on gaze-related features in the interaction of persons with ASD.5.3. Three main patterns used for avoiding eye contact in group therapy sessions involving preadolescents boys with ASD5.3.1. Fixing one’s gaze straight ahead5.3.2. Letting one’s gaze wander around5.3.3. Looking at one’s own hands when speaking5.4. General remarks on the gaze behaviour of preadolescents boys with ASD5.5. Conclusion6. Therapists’ response strategies and teaching orientations 6.1. Therapists’ response strategies in group therapy sessions involving preadolescent boys with ASD6.1.1. Introduction6.1.2. Five most common response strategies6.1.2.1. Approval 6.1.2.2. Comment on the contents of a turn / turns 6.1.2.3. Question addressed to the whole group 6.1.2.4. Question concerning the contents of a turn / turns 6.1.2.5. Rephrasing the contents of a turn / turns 6.2. Therapists’ teaching orientations in group therapy sessions involving preadolescent boys with ASD6.2.1. Introduction6.2.2. Implicit teaching orientation6.2.3. Explicit teaching orientation6.2.4. Prosodic problems: beyond teaching orientations?6.3. Conclusion7. ConclusionBibliography List of transcription conventionsIndex of key words

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to simplify the complex interpretation of neonatal electroencephalography (EEG), focusing on key patterns essential for the prevention and treatment of brain damages. With the physiological immaturity of the central nervous system in neonates, identifying brain conditions can be challenging. However, neonatal EEG, with its excellent temporal resolution, offers a real-time window into the brain functioning, making it an invaluable bedside tool. To help readers deepen their understanding, the book provides a comprehensive collection of normal and abnormal EEGs samples, systematically categorized by postmenstrual age. Each case is accompanied by detailed observations and unique methods of interpretation, such as identifying abnormalities related to the timing of brain injuries. The book is organized into six sections: Introduction, Normal EEG patterns, Abnormal EEG patterns, Neonatal seizures, aEEG, and Practical application of neonatal EEG in clinical settings. This book is highly recommended for all neonatologists and pediatric neurologists dedicated to ensuring the intact survival and optimal neurodevelopment for high-risk newborns. It is also a valuable book for pediatricians, neurophysiologists, EEG technicians, residents, and NICU nurses, and other healthcare professionals involved in the care and follow-up of newborns discharged from the NICU.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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