Paediatric medicine Books

Parentification - the assumption of responsibility for the welfare of family members by children and adolescents - is increasing as a result of various forces both inside and outside of the family. Evidence suggests that pathological parentification of children has serious consequences for them, and for succeeding generations, as do other forms of maltreatment.; This work is an exploration of the forces at work in families with parentified children - and the treatment strategies that hold the promise of interrupting a cycle of destructive behaviour.; The author begins by guiding the reader from conceptualization to possible causes and manifestations of parentification, facilitating a clear understanding of how and why this scenario is common. The second part of the book builds on this foundation to introduce methods of assesment, treatment, and prevention. This part of the text includes insights into the professional, ethical and personal challenges faced by therapists who themselves h

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Book SynopsisWorking with Relational and Developmental Trauma in Children and Adolescents focuses on the multi-layered complex and dynamic area of trauma, loss and disrupted attachment on babies, children, adolescents and the systems around them. The book explores the impact of relational and developmental trauma and toxic stress on children's bodies, brains, relationships, behaviours, cognitions, and emotions. The book draws on a range of theoretical perspectives through reflective exercises, rich case studies, practical applications and therapeutic strategies. With chapters on wider organisational and systemic dynamics, strength-based practices and the intergenerational transmission of relational trauma, Karen Treisman provides a holistic view of the pervasive nature and impact of working with trauma. Working with Relational and Developmental Trauma in Children and Adolescents will be of interest to professionals working with children and families in the communityTrade Review"Dr Karen Treisman has written a most comprehensive book for preparing clinicians to work with the complexities of treating children and adolescents who have experienced developmental trauma. The challenges of providing such treatment is great on many levels and Dr Treisman addresses them all, from understanding and assessment to providing the most appropriate therapies for these young people and their caregivers. Not stopping there, Dr Treisman also informs us of the need to provide sensitive interventions within systems such as social services, education, and residential care that may themselves become traumatized through the challenges of caring for these very troubled children and youth. An important contribution to the field for both experienced clinicians and those just entering it." - Daniel Hughes, Clinical Psychologist, developer of Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy, author of Building the Bonds of Attachment, 2nd edition, (2006), and Attachment-Focused Family Therapy Workbook (2011)."An exceptional book by an expert clinician! This volume articulately delivers the essentials of trauma intervention with children and adolescents whose case histories are both complex and compelling. It emphasizes the importance of applying neurobiology-informed and brain-wise approaches, providing practitioners with a solid grounding in current best practices and trauma assessment through a highly accessible and readable format. All mental health professionals will find valuable resources, richly illustrated case examples, and pragmatic strategies to immediately apply in their work with youth that will expand their clinical repertoires in work with relational and developmental trauma." - Cathy Malchiodi, PhD, LPCC, LPAT, ATR-BC, REAT—Founder/Director, Trauma-Informed Practices and Expressive Arts Therapy Institute "This book is a wonderful resource for practitioners who work with children who have experienced relational and developmental trauma. The book includes a comprehensive overview of the impact of trauma on children, as well as assessment and treatment options. Dr Treisman also covers working with traumatized children in settings such as schools and residential care. Practical activities and reflective exercises are woven throughout the text to help the reader gain further insight into the material. This is an invaluable resource and a welcome addition to the trauma literature." - Liana Lowenstein, MSW, author of Cory Helps Kids Cope with Sexual AbuseTable of Contents1. Relational and developmental trauma: the impact of complex trauma on children’s sense of selves, relationships, and development. 2. The impact of relational and developmental trauma on emotional and behavioural dysregulation. 3. The relationship between trauma, the body, and the brain: a body-based and sensory approach to relational and developmental trauma. 4. Strength, resilience, and hope-based practices. 5. Multi-layered psychological assessments of relational and developmental trauma. 6. Therapeutic re-parenting those who have experienced relational and developmental trauma and loss. 7. Therapeutic models, approaches, and ingredients for children and their families who have experienced relational and developmental trauma. 8. Working within traumatised systems and amongst complex organisational dynamics: Creating a team around the worker and a positive self-care culture. 9. Attachment and trauma within an educational context: making schools more trauma and attachment-sensitive. 10. Reflecting on the experiences and working effectively with unaccompanied asylum-seeking young people. 11. Children’s residential homes: a relational and developmental trauma perspective. 12. Gang activity, antisocial, and youth offending behaviour: an attachment and trauma framework.

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Book SynopsisWhat clinicians need to know about the emotional well-being of kidsnow updated and revised.

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Book SynopsisOf all children reported to child protective services for suspected maltreatment in any form, the percentage of substantiated cases of actual physical abuse is quite small. There are a number of dermatological or radiologically demonstrable musculoskeletal lesions that have been, or could be mistaken for, intentional physical abuse by the inexperienced or untrained observer. Child Abuse and Its Mimics in Skin and Bone illustrates the classic manifestations of physical abuse by dermatological and radiological examination as a standard against which the mimickers of physical abuse can be compared. Beginning with a historical perspective on child abuse, the book explores manifestations of superficial and musculoskeletal trauma in children. It examines conditions often mistaken for child abuse, ranging from rubella to leukemia and bowing deformities to vitamin A intoxication, as well as a plethora of dermatological conditions that can mimic signs of physicTable of ContentsThe Concept of Child Abuse in Historical Perspective. Trauma—Inflicted or Accidental? Incidence of Inflicted Trauma. Risk Factors. Suspicion, Substantiation, or Exclusion of Inflicted Trauma. Musculoskeletal Trauma in Infants and Children: Accidental or Inflicted? Part 1: Introduction. Part 2: Radiological Findings in Nonaccidental Trauma. Radiological Mimickers of Physical Child Abuse. Metaphyseal Lesions. Fractures and Bowing. Bowing Deformities. Congenital Indifference to Pain (Hereditary Sensory in Autonomic Neuropathy). False Fractures. Normal Fractures. Dislocations—Nontraumatic, Noninfectious, Nonabusive. Periosteal New Bone Formation. The Spine. The Skull. Dermatological Signs of Physical Abuse. Bruises. Abrasions and Lacerations. Bite Marks. Hair Pulling. Burns. Neither/Nor Lesions. Cultural Remedies, Folk Medicine. Dermatological Mimics of Physical Abuse. Mimics of Bruises. Mimics of Other Pattern Injuries. Burns.

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Book SynopsisIron deficiency in infancy is very widespread, even in developed countries and even when there is no general malnutrition. This book examines the question whether iron deficiency in early life leads to deleterious changes in brain and/or behavioural development. Each of the nine contributors comments critically on each of the other eight chapters, so that the book is very extensively peer-reviewed. The evidence is set out so that the reader may make his own informed judgement. Iron deficiency could very easily be prevented; this fact is of prime importance if such deficiency has long-lasting effects on human intellectual capacity and achievement.

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Book SynopsisPrader-Willi Syndrome: Selected Research and Management Issues investigates the most recent developments in the diagnosis and management of individuals with the syndrome. This volume is not intended as a comprehensive review, but as a source of new, original research on this little understood syndrome. Alternative methods of identification and treatment are considered, and issues related to the nonmedical characteristics are explored.Table of Contents1 Issues in Prader-Willi Syndrome: Diagnosis, Characteristics, and Management.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Summary.- 2 The Etiology of Prader-Willi Syndrome: Clinical Implications of the Chromosome 15 Abnormalities.- Cytogenetic Basis for Prader-Willi Syndrome.- Clinical Implications of Cytogenetic Findings.- Future Research Directions.- Summary.- 3 Cognitive and Behavioral Characteristics.- Cognition.- Adaptive and Maladaptive Behavior.- Summary.- 4 Management of the Problems of Infancy: Hypotonia, Developmental Delay, and Feeding Problems.- Hypotonia and Developmental Delay.- Management of Hypotonia and Developmental Delay.- Management of Feeding Problems.- Other Management Issues of Early Infancy.- Summary.- 5 Behavior Management and Intervention.- Methodology in Behavior Analysis and Therapy.- Behavioral Treatment of Problems Common to Prader-Willi Syndrome.- Behavioral Treatment in Prader-Willi Syndrome.- Summary.- 6 Surgical Considerations in Prader-Willi Syndrome.- Surgery for Obesity Control.- Cosmetic Surgery.- Scoliosis Surgery.- Gonadal and Genetalia Surgery.- Surgery for Miscellaneous Problems.- Anesthetic Considerations in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome.- Summary.- 7 Parent Concerns.- Concerns at the Time of the Birth of the Child.- Concerns from the Time of the Birth of the Child to the Onset of Weight Gain.- The Time from Weight Gain to the Beginning of Adolescence.- Adolescence and Postadolescence.- Conclusions: Suggestions for Physicians and Parents.- Parent Questionnaire.- Author Index.

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Book SynopsisThis authoritative resource, now thoroughly revised for DSM-5, has set the standard for the comprehensive assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Leading experts demonstrate how to craft a scientifically grounded profile of each childâs strengths and difficulties, make a formal diagnosis, and use assessment data to guide individualized intervention in clinical and school settings. Chapters review state-of-the-art instruments and approaches for evaluating specific areas of impairment in ASD and co-occurring emotional and behavioral disorders. Considerations in working with children of different ages are highlighted. With a primary focus on children, several chapters also address assessment of adolescents and adults. New to This Edition *Chapter on key implications of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, plus related updates throughout the volume. *Chapter on advances in early identification (ages 0â3). *Chapter with in-depth case examples illustrating the evaluation dTrade Review"This remarkable book provides a comprehensive guide to assessment of individuals on the spectrum, across the continuum of development. The extensively updated second edition includes a detailed overview of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and their application. Much more than an inventory of measurement tools (although for the interested reader, the full range of relevant measures are reviewed in exquisite detail), the book explores both the art and science of using psychometric assessment to understand the diversity of abilities and needs of individuals on the spectrum. The contributors also offer rich insights about intervention in clinical and educational settings and address such important contemporary issues as the cognitive potential of minimally verbal individuals and the importance of understanding sex differences. A vital, in-depth reference for anyone involved in assessing ASD and its complex comorbidities."--Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, MD, Division Director, Developmental Pediatrics; Professor, Department of Pediatrics; and Stollery Children’s Hospital Foundation Chair in Autism, University of Alberta, Canada "If there is one constant in the field of autism, it is the state of flux. Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment are all areas where professionals in the field must work to keep up to date with the science. This timely second edition is a 'must have' for serious autism researchers as well as all professionals and advanced students involved in diagnosis and assessment. It includes well-chosen chapter topics, in-depth coverage of major issues and techniques, helpful case studies, and even a chapter on the pesky pseudoscience that dogs the field. Discussions of historic and future directions provide a nice context for the current state of the art."--Laura Schreibman, PhD, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego "Goldstein and Ozonoff have assembled an excellent compendium of cutting-edge information on assessment of people with ASD. Each chapter contributes a layer of knowledge applicable to basic and complex assessment issues. I will definitely keep this volume close at hand for my own clinical practice and as an essential training guide."--Catherine E. Rice, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Director, Emory Autism Center, Emory University School of Medicine -Table of Contents1. Historical Perspective and Overview, Sam Goldstein 2. Psychometric Issues and Current Scales for Assessing Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jack A. Naglieri, Kimberly M. Chambers, Keith D. McGoldrick, & Sam Goldstein 3. DSM-5 Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cynthia Martin, Lauren Pepa, & Catherine Lord 4. Assessment and Diagnosis of Infants and Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Kelly K. Powell, Perrine Heymann, Katherine D. Tsatsanis, & Katarzyna Chawarska 5. Age-Related Issues in the Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Susan H. Hedges, Victoria Shea, & Gary B. Mesibov 6. Assessment of Social Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ifat Gamliel & Nurit Yirmiya 7. Assessing Speech, Language, and Communication in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rhea Paul & Kaitlyn P. Wilson 8. Assessment of Intellectual Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Laura Grofer Klinger, Joanna L. Mussey, & Sarah O’Kelley 9. Clinical Assessment of Neuropsychological Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Blythe A. Corbett & Yasmeen S. Iqbal 10. Assessment of Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Lesley Deprey & Sally Ozonoff 11. Assessment of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Schools, Sandra L. Harris, Carolyn Thorwarth Bruey, & Mark Palmieri 12. From Assessment to Intervention, Kerry Hogan & Lee M. Marcus 13. Understanding the Comprehensive Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder through Case Studies, Tristyn Teel Wilkerson 14. Distinguishing Science and Pseudoscience in the Assessment and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Mary E. McDonald & Florence D. DiGennaro Reed 15. Future Directions in the Assessment and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Isaac C. Smith, Cara E. Pugliese, Blythe A. Corbett, & Susan W. White Index

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Book SynopsisThis substantially updated edition is clear and concise, packed with precisely written summaries of developmental and behavioral issues for all pediatric clinicians and other healthcare professionals. In a succinct, heavily bulleted style, the authors offer practical guidance on addressing important questions many parents ask about their children’s development and behavior. Ideal for the busy clinician to quickly and efficiently access helpful clinical information on the fly. New chapters on behavioral health integration, social emotional screening, and gender and sexual identification, growth mindset New high-profile contributors who bring expertise from their practices Ideal for primary care clinicians but also helpful for all level clinicians who are new to pediatrics Covers a range of critical issues, from common behaviors such as biting and toilet training to exposure to violence and child abuse, as well as strategies to prevent prob

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Book SynopsisObesity in children and adolescents is a serious issue with many health and social consequences that often continue into adulthood. Implementing prevention programs and getting a better understanding of treatment for youngsters is important to controlling the obesity epidemic. The term "childhood obesity" may refer to both children and adolescents. Between 5-25 percent of children and teenagers in the United States are obese. As with adults, the prevalence of obesity in the young varies by ethnic group. It is estimated that 5-7 percent of White and Black children are obese, while 12 percent of Hispanic boys and 19 percent of Hispanic girls are obese. Some data indicate that obesity among children is on the increase. The second National Children and Youth Fitness Study found 6-9 year olds to have thicker skinfolds than their counterparts in the 1960s. During the same period, others documented a 54 percent increase in the prevalence of obesity among 6-11 year olds. This book examines leading research in this area of great concern to society.

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Book SynopsisThis spiral-bound visual communication aid is designed to help pediatricians and others who work in medical settings with children who are nonverbal, including toddlers; children with conditions such as autism, cerebral palsy, language disorders, intellectual disabilities, or oral-motor apraxia; or children who do not speak English. Nearly 400 easy to understand, full color images depict common medical procedures, from bandaging to vaccine administration as well as important patient-provider communication, including describing symptoms or post-visit instructions. Each image is captioned in both English and Spanish for maximum in-office utility, and the pages are fully wipeable for simple disinfecting after each patient. Interactive use of this resource will improve communication, reduce fear and anxiety, and boost patients’ understanding and participation in the medical visit. Key Features Four-color interior Captions in both English and Spanish Includes both office-based and inpatient procedures Wipeable pages for easy disinfecting Spiral binding for lay-flat, easy use with patients

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Book SynopsisPregnancy is a crucial point of intersection between generations. During pregnancy, women with a childhood maltreatment history have a 12-fold increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although awareness of the need for trauma-informed care and trauma-specific interventions is increasing in the fields of addiction and mental health treatment, there are no front-line programmes for the childbearing year that address maltreatment-related PTSD. The authors address these intergenerational cycles of childhood maltreatment and psychiatric vulnerability; they provide a resource to facilitate incorporating trauma-informed care and trauma-specific interventions into maternity services; and they signal the opportunities for improving outcomes for childbearing women with a history of childhood maltreatment.This volume provides an overview of information that child welfare and perinatal professionals can use in their work to move towards providing trauma informed care and developing trauma-specific interventions to improve intergenerational outcomes.Trade Review'The authors and editors of Trauma Informed Care in the Perinatal Period argue that psychosocial care is just as critical for mothers, infants, and society at large as is medical care, and point out that it has been agonizingly slow to catch up to the medical model. This is a research-laden book that takes a systems approach to both examining the roots of familial and societal violence, and exploring how to best deal with these complex issues as a collaborative front…This is a book for clinicians and researchers. Each chapter builds on the previous one, and research charts are included, allowing readers to easily find original articles and information. It is a worthwhile read that deftly probes into the reasons trauma-informed care should be included in the perinatal period, and possible ways to make this happen systemically.'APPPAH Birth PsychologyTable of ContentsThe Contributors. Glossary of Abbreviations. 1: Why trauma informed care in the perinatal period? (Seng); 2: What is trauma informed care and why is it important? (Cuthbert and Seng); 3: What theories explain intergenerational patterns? (Seng and Taylor); 4: How does focusing on post-traumatic stress disorder shift perinatal mental health paradigms? (Sperlich); 5: How does traumatic stress affect pregnancy and birth? (Seng); 6: The postnatal period – opportunities for creating change (Rowe, Seng, Acton and Fisher); 7: What does trauma informed perinatal care look like? (Sperlich and Seng); 8: Where are we on the journey towards trauma-specific interventions and treatments for the perinatal period? (Cuthbert); 9: What are the next steps for trauma informed care in education and research? (Choi and Taylor). References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe book is targeted at all practitioners in the helping and enabling professions working with children and young people, and is essential reading for anyone undertaking training where elements of psychotherapy and counselling are requisite to practice. As well as a guide for trainees in the helping professions, the book also speaks to advancing practitioners insofar as essential elements of the therapeutic relationship, such as containment, trust and transference, are re-cast in light of the modern challenges of working with children, especially young children. There are an increasing number of courses in the UK (and abroad) which focus on developing practitioners who are delivering early interventions for mental health issues and so The Essentials of Counselling and Psychotherapy in Primary Schools offers a strong underpinning with a particular focus that offers a marker for the development of the special interest section of the UKCP. Psychotherapy with children and young people has traditionally rooted practitioners in psychoanalytic theory. The Essentials of Counselling and Psychotherapy in Primary Schools pays heed to this lineage with a fresh perspectives on what are the ingredients in practice which will tackle the impediment to flourishing in children.Table of Contents1. On schooling - a therapeutic community approach 2. On noticing - observation as practice 3. On relating - attachment and belonging 4. On knowing - containment and thinking 5. On curiosity - transference and interpretation 6. On protecting - therapy as safeguarding

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Book SynopsisThe MRCPCH clinical examination assesses whether candidates have reached the standard in clinical skills expected of a newly appointed specialist registrar, while the DCH recognises the competence of GPs and other health professionals in caring for children. Success in communication skills is vital to achieve overall success in these examinations. This revised and expanded Second Edition includes over a dozen new scenarios for both examinations, a new chapter on the general approach to effective communication, an expanded clinical exam mark sheet, anchor statements and exam circuit diagrams. Although written to aid candidates for the clinical MRCPCH and DCH examinations, this book will also be useful to paediatric trainees in their day-to-day clinical encounters. 'The fact that the second edition of this book is due out within two years of its original publication in itself speaks of the popularity of this book and highlights the importance of the subject. The new edition will continue to play a major role in improving the skills and understanding of effective communication skills.' - from the Foreword by Sunil K SinhaTable of ContentsRCPCH examination flow chart. RCPCH mark sheet and communication station anchor statements. RCPCH examination examples. Information giving. Breaking bad news. Consent. Critical incidents. Ethics. Education. Difficult conversations.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is a comprehensive guide to diagnosis and treatment in paediatric acupuncture. Ill health related to modern lifestyles is discussed, as is the role of family dynamics in childhood disease. Rebecca Avern examines treatment of children from both a TCM and a Five Element perspective. Throughout, she highlights how diagnosis and treatment should be tailored depending on the age of the child. The book includes information on a wide variety of treatment methods, including needling and pediatric tui na.The book covers all the conditions that children commonly present with in modern practice, including food allergies, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, issues relating to Autism Spectrum Disorder, and teenage depression, anxiety and eating disorders.Trade ReviewAny practitioner of Chinese medicine who wishes to expand their knowledge of pediatrics need not reach for other texts; Rebecca Avern thoroughly and thoughtfully presents the subject in exquisite detail. Every pediatric issue, from history, background, diagnosis, and treatment is analyzed. A smart and sensitive exploration of childhood ailments for the 21st century. -- Dr. Melanie Katin, DAMC, L.Ac. Faculty, Pacific College of Oriental MedicineRebecca has an engaging, warm teaching style which is reflected throughout this beautifully written book. It is thorough, clear and fully informed by her own learning and extensive experience. In short, it is an invaluable resource for students, teachers and practitioners of acupuncture who are interested in the treatment of children and adolescents, and I can see that the day will very soon come when we will all wonder how we ever managed without it! -- Julie Ann Reynolds, Joint Principal of the Acupuncture Academy, Leamington Spa, UKThis book is a delight. It is a wonderful resource for acupuncturists who deal with children, or indeed the parents of children. As well as being packed with wise advice about the causation and treatment of childhood illness, its descriptions of childhood illnesses are systematic, thorough and beautifully presented, and enriched throughout with case vignettes. -- Clare Stephenson MA(Cantab), BM BCh (Oxon), MSc (Public Health Medicine), LicAc (Licentiate in Acupuncture)The best book available on treating children! Rebecca runs a busy children's practice and, crucially, has two children of her own. It is clearly written, easy to read and you can dip into it to find an abundance of illustrations, tips and other gems. -- Angela and John Hicks, Co-Founders, College of Integrated Chinese Medicine, Reading, UKIn Acupuncture for Babies, Children and Teenagers Rebecca Avern provides us with a comprehensive exploration of childhood and the treatment of common childhood conditions. The book stands out for its exploration of the psycho-emotional realm, the interpersonal skills needed to work with children of differing ages, and the integration of both Traditional Chinese Medicine patterns with Five Phase dynamics. For practitioners working with children, this source will be a valuable reference for common conditions and patterns, including acupuncture and Tui Na protocols to initiate care, and considerations regarding the child's experience and how to optimize interpersonal connections. -- David W. Miller, M.D., FAAP, L.Ac., Dipl. OMThere aren't many books written specifically about treating children so Rebecca Avern's book is especially welcome. Rebecca has created a well organized book for acupuncturists interested in treating children of all ages. In 'Acupuncture for Babies, Children and Teenagers', she thoroughly examines the causes, diagnoses and treatments of common illnesses that occur from birth through the teenage years. Importantly she focuses on conditions that are commonly seen in acupuncture clinics today.'Acupuncture for Babies, Children and Teenagers' addresses the stages of development as well as the numerous influences on a child's physical and emotional health. Recognizing that all children are unique, Rebecca offers a variety of ways to accommodate those differences. The book also offers several treatment suggestions for specific ailments and the best acupoints points for children with these complaints.Rebecca's advice is comprehensive and includes lifestyle and diet advice in addition to needling techniques for children. Plus, there is an important overview of other therapeutic techniques that can be used when treating children, such as shonishin, pediatric tui na, cupping, laser acupuncture and more. 'Acupuncture for Babies, Children and Teenagers' is for anyone interested in learning how to treat children or expand their knowledge. Rebecca's book is jam-packed with clear, useful information and knowledge. It belongs on your shelf. -- Jennifer Dubowsky, L.A.c.As a long-time practitioner and educator specialising in treating children, I have long intended to write a book on the subject, but this definitive text leaves little room for another book about the treatment of children with acupuncture. It is a very good book, so full of detail and useful information it may surprise those who think there is not much to the treatment of children ... So, read this book. Do some training. Find a mentor who is experienced in the treatment of children. Let us build a network of professionals of which we are proud. We can certainly be proud to have Rebecca among our gifted colleagues, who understands children and can help others to do the same. * Journal of Chinese Medicine *Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Notes for the reader. Introduction. Part 1 - Why do children become ill? 1. Introduction to causes of disease. 2. The nature of children. 3. How children grow. 4. Constitutional, pregnancy and birth factors. 5. Emotions. 6. The role of the family. 7. The challenges of life. 8. Miscellaneous Causes of Disease. 9. External Causes of Disease. Part 2 - Diagnosis of Children. 10. Introduction to diagnosis of children. 11. Building rapport with children. 12. The Diagnostic process. 13. Diagnosis of babies and infants. 14. Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture applied to children. 15. Diagnosis Using Five Element Constitutional Acupuncture. 16. The Fire Element. 17. The Earth Element. 18. The Metal Element. 19. The Water Element. 20. The Wood Element. 21. The Heart and Pericardium. 22. The Spleen. 23. The Lungs. 24. The Kidneys. 25. The Liver. 26. The Yang Organs. 27. Non-Organ patterns. Part 3 - Treatment of Children. 28. Introduction to the treatment of children. 29. Treating the whole child. 30. Treatment of the constitutional imbalance. 31. Child-friendly needling. 32. Points commonly used to treat children. 33. Alternatives to needling. 34. Paediatric tui na. 35. Shonishin. 36. Advice. Part 4 - Treatment of Mental-emotional conditions. 37. Introduction to the treatment of mental-emotional conditions. 38. Hyperactivity, inattention and learning difficulties. 39. Autistic spectrum disorders. 40. Anxiety and depression. 41. Eating disorders. 42. Self-harm. 43. Sleep problems. Part 5 - Treatment of Physical conditions. 44. Introduction to the treatment of physical conditions. 45. Problems with eating and appetite. 46. Stomach ache (including colic and reflux). 47. Loose bowels. 48. Constipation. 49. Nausea and vomiting. 50. Food allergiesand intolerances. 51. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 52. Chronic cough. 53. Asthma. 54. Eczema. 55. Allergic rhinitis and hayfever. 56. Ear conditions. 57. Sore throat. 58. Nosebleeds. 59. Bedwetting. 60. Urinary tract infections. 61. Headaches and migraines. 62. Seizures. 63. Tics. 64. Conjunctivitis. 65. Mouth ulcers and oral thrush. 66. Problems with teeth and teething. 67. Growing pains. 68. Teenage Menstrual problems. 69. Difficult or early puberty in girls. 70. Acute conditions. Appendix 1. Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisFor more than 45 years, Avery & MacDonald’s Neonatology has been the premier text on the pathophysiology and management of both preterm and full-term neonates, trusted by neonatologists, neonatology fellows, pediatricians, neonatal nurse practitioners, and ob/gyn practitioners worldwide. Continuing the tradition of excellence established by Drs. Gordon B. Avery and Mhairi G. MacDonald, this fully revised eighth edition features three new lead editors, numerous new chapters, reorganized and updated content, and an increased focus on global neonatology. Continues to provide comprehensive, accessible coverage of how diseases occur and how their pathophysiology drives management. Covers the wide breadth of care of the newborn patient, including maternal factors, stabilization of the newborn, common newborn issues, pharmacology, and care after discharge. Contains a wealth of integrated, practical advice on treating neonates worldwide, including global viewpoints on providing care without the latest technology and under various international guidelines. Includes new chapters on recent advances in neonatology, including fetal surgery, global health, molecular genetics, immunology and inflammation, thermoregulation, palliative care, imaging, and genetic abnormalities. Reflects new research on the impact of maternal drug use on the newborn, nutrition, pulmonary disorders, discharge planning, and care of the preterm and small for gestational age infant. Features timely content on advances in ethical concepts about neonatal care at the limits of viability, family integrated care, early life determinants of life course disease, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and much more. Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

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Book SynopsisFocusing on the essential information you need to know when caring for children in the hospital, ICU, emergency department, or subspecialty outpatient clinic, Dr. Andrew J. White’s Washington Manual® of Pediatrics, 3rd Edition, provides concise, high-yield content that reflects recent advances in the field. This practical volume in the Lippincott Manual series presents brief, logical approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of common inpatient pediatric problems, as well as evidence-based references where they are available. It addresses common challenges faced by residents, interns, pediatric hospitalists, and medical students, plus offers practical solutions and expert guidance – all in one portable and user-friendly resource. Includes new chapters on Newborn Nursery, Immunodeficiency, Night Curriculum (how to answer cross-covering calls), Infection Prevention, Child Psychiatry, and Palliative Care Covers growth and nutrition, emergencies, poisonings, newborn medicine, critical care, surgery, adolescent medicine, child maltreatment, allergy and immunology, radiology, sedation, genetic diseases, and much more Contains numerous tables, algorithms, and evidence-based references that keep you up to date Written by interns, residents, chief residents, subspecialty fellows, and faculty at St. Louis Children’s Hospital and Washington University in St. Louis The Washington Manual® is a registered mark belonging to Washington University in St. Louis to which international legal protection applies. The mark is used in this publication by Wolters Kluwer Health under license from Washington University. Enrich Your eBook Reading ExperienceRead directly on your preferred device(s),such as computer, tablet, or smartphone.Easily convert to audiobook,powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

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Book Synopsis​This handbook describes evidence-based methods of assessing psychological, educational, behavioral, and developmental problems in children and adolescents. It provides state-of-the-art analyses of leading assessment tools and methods. Chapters provide an overview of childhood assessment issues, diagnostic classification systems, interviewing and report writing, traditional assessment tools and methods, such as Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA). In addition, chapters address daily living, academic, and social skills, commonly encountered psychological conditions, and developmental disorders, reviewing definitions and etiology, history of assessment and diagnosis, possible comorbid conditions, and current measures and procedures. The handbook also covers specific childhood disorders that often present assessment challenges in children, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, pain, and feeding and eating disorders. Topics featured in this handbook include: Adaptive and developmental behavior scales. Diagnostic classification systems and how to apply them to childhood problems and disorders. Intelligence testing and its use in childhood psychological assessment. Assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in persons with developmental disabilities. Self-Injurious behavior in children. Prevalence and assessment of common sleep problems in children. The Handbook of Childhood Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities Assessment is an essential resource for researchers, graduate students, clinicians, and related therapists and professionals in clinical child and school psychology, pediatrics, social work, developmental psychology, behavioral therapy/rehabilitation, child and adolescent psychiatry, and special education.Table of ContentsChapter 1. History and Overview of Childhood Assessment.- Chapter 2. Diagnostic Classification Systems.- Chapter 3. Interview and Report Writing.- Chapter 4. Intelligence Testing.- Chapter 5. Adaptive and Developmental Behavior Scales.- Chapter 6. Academic Assessment.- Chapter 7. Neuropsychological Testing.- Chapter 8. The Assessment of ADHD in Persons with Developmental Disabilities.- Chapter 9. Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders.- Chapter 10. Assessing Bipolar Disorder and Major Depression.- Chapter 11. Assessment of Anxiety Disorders.- Chapter 12. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.- Chapter 13. Tics and Tourette’s Syndrome.- Chapter 14. Aggression and Conduct Disorders.- Chapter 15. Behavioral Assessment of Self-Injury.- Chapter 16. Assessment of Pica.- Chapter 17. Social Skills.- Chapter 18. Communication Disorder.- Chapter 19. Sleep Disorders: Prevalence and Assessment in Childhood.- Chapter 20. Pain.- Chapter 21. Eating Disorders.- Chapter 22. Assessment of Pediatric Feeding Disorders.- Chapter 23. Assessment of Obesity.- Chapter 24. Assessment of Toileting Problems.- Chapter 25. Assessment of Fine and Gross Motor Skills in Children.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisUtilizing clinical case material of children with diabetes insipidus (DI), this concise, practical pocket guide will provide clinicians with the best real-world strategies to properly diagnose and manage the various manifestations of the disorder they may encounter. It presents a detailed cross-section of pediatric patients, with different etiologies of the disease and possible complications, to provide sensible management scenarios to physicians treating patients with DI. The cases presented include diagnostic strategies and radiological findings for familial and nephrogenic DI as well as DI resulting from hypophysitis, germ cell tumors, Rathkes Cleft Cysts, Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, craniopharyngiomas, genetic causes, and congenital malformations. Each case focuses on a specific learning objective with clinical pearls, and together these cases represent a comprehensive understanding of children with DI from many aspects.Managing pediatric patients with DI is a threefold challenge of determining the diagnosis, etiology and treatment. Pragmatic and reader-friendly, Diabetes Insipidus in Children is an excellent resource to assist endocrinologists and other clinicians caring for patients with this disease.Table of ContentsPrimary Polydipsia.- Diagnosing DI (Water Deprivation).- MRI Lesions in Diabetes Insipidus.- Central Diabetes Insipidus with Pituitary Stalk Thickening.- Hypophysitis.- Germ Cell Tumors.- The Gist of a Rathke’s Cleft Cyst.- Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Diabetes Insipidus.- Craniopharyngioma and Diabetes Insipidus.- Diabetes Insipidus after Craniopharyngioma Resection.- Partial Central Diabetes Insipidus Following Endonasal Biopsy.- Septo-optic Dysplasia Spectrum.- Familial Diabetes Insipidus.- Treatment with Thiazides in Infants with Central Diabetes Insipidus.- Absent Thirst and Diabetes Insipidus.- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus.

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Book SynopsisEach year, gun violence kills approximately 2,700 and injures approximately 14,500 children in the U.S.; the overwhelming majority of child gun deaths are among teenagers who die by homicide or suicide. Gun violence is the leading cause of death for Black teens. A recent spate of high-profile tragedies involving children, such as the Newtown mass shooting in 2012 and the Parkland mass shooting in 2018, have reinvigorated a national debate about the role of guns in our private and public spaces. Physicians, and in particular pediatricians, have become increasingly vocal about the need to address the epidemic of gun violence in the U.S.This book serves as an in-depth, comprehensive guide to adolescent gun violence prevention. It describes the epidemiology of teen gun violence in the U.S. by focusing on the parallel epidemics that claim the most lives: gun suicide among rural white males, and gun homicide among urban Black males. It offers in-depth reviews of key concepts that are crucial to reaching a meaningful understanding of gun violence. The text also addresses specific methods of intervention at various levels of society, from the individual; to the local community; and finally to the entire nation. This first of its kind book is a valuable reference for physicians, public health scientists, policy-makers, gun reform advocates, and anyone interested in working towards a safer future for young people.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisJIMD Reports publishes case and short research reports in the area of inherited metabolic disorders. Case reports highlight some unusual or previously unrecorded feature relevant to the disorder, or serve as an important reminder of clinical or biochemical features of a Mendelian disorder.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“Clearly the information is unique and appropriate for clinicians involved in the care of patients with inherited metabolic disorders. This is a good source of updated information on well-established clinical phenotypes as well newly described disorders. … JIMD is unique in its inclusion of clinical reports and short research reports, which makes it very attractive to busy clinicians wishing to publish their unique cases. It is a must-have in all metabolic clinics.” (Luis F. Escobar, Doody’s Book Reviews, May, 2014)Table of ContentsDifferent case studies.

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of this definitive guide for clinical care of adolescents builds upon the practical knowledge and guidance of the first edition, and expands into new subjects of adolescent care. The handbook is divided into three sections: general adolescent medicine, sexuality, and mental health, and contains relevant, practical knowledge, covering those areas most often seen in the practice of adolescent medicine.The MassGeneral Hospital for Children Adolescent Medicine Handbook, 2nd edition details best practices in regards to diagnostic evaluations and clinical care, but also instructs practitioners on the best methods to connect, communicate, and continue that care with adolescents, in order to provide optimal treatment, and instill healthy lifetime behaviors. Each chapter is written by clinicians who have been trained at, or are members of the staff of Massachusetts General Hospital, and this edition has nearly doubled the amount of skilled physician authors. While this title has been revised and updated, entirely new chapters devoted to hypertension, immunizations, breast disorders, HIV, and resilience have also been added, reflecting new and changing contributions to the field of adolescent medicine. This second edition brings together the practical, hands-on knowledge of the first edition, along with new information and additional subject areas to create a balanced, multi-specialty method to treating and engaging adolescent patients.Trade Review“In 29 chapters and 3 parts the authors, members of the staff of Mass General Hospital (MGH) or its trainees, review the physical and mental health issues in adolescence including sexuality. … There are many tables and illustrations, some in color. Clearly written. To pediatric interns, residents and practitioners. Highly recommended.” (Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews (PER), Vol. 14 (4), June, 2017)“The purpose is to provide primary care providers in all medical and surgical specialties who may care for adolescents with an overview of the basic, most frequent topics encountered in adolescent medicine. … The author has done a great job in meeting these objectives and this is a needed handbook for primary care providers. … This is an excellent resource for busy primary care providers who need a broad overview of the most commonly encountered adolescent medicine topics.” (Rachel Dawson, Doody’s Book Reviews, June, 2017)Table of ContentsPreface AcknowledgementsPART 1. GENERAL ADOLESCENT MEDICINE1. Adolescent Preventive Services 2. The Adolescent Patient Interview: Adolescent Confidentiality and Consent3. Pubertal Development4. Normal Adolescent Development 5. Male Genitourinary Exam6. The Pelvic Examination and Pap Smear in Adolescents and Young Adults7. Adolescent Dermatology 8. Obesity 9. Nutrition: Healthy Eating in Adolescence; Nutritional Supplements: Performance-Enhancing Drugs, and Dietary Supplements; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; and Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome10. Sports Injuries in the Adolescent11. Cardiac Issues in Adolescence 12. Hypertension in Adolescents13. ImmunizationsPART 2. SEXUALITY, GYNECOLOGY, AND ABNORMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT14. Amenorrhea15. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding16. Basics of Hormonal Contraception17. Adolescent Pregnancy18. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 19. Breast Disorders in Adolescence20. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in Adolescents 21. HIV in Adolescents22. Delayed Puberty, Short Stature, and Tall StaturePART 3. MENTAL HEALTH AND TRANSITION OF CARE23. Adolescent Substance Use and Prevention 24. Adolescent Mental Health Disorders25. Eating Disorders26. Adolescent Relationship Abuse in Clinical Settings: Opportunities for Prevention and Intervention27. Bullying and Cyber Bullying 28. Nature, Nurture, Adolescents and Resilience29. Transition of Care APPENDIX

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Book SynopsisThe significant strides made during the past decade in neonatal medicine are based largely upon the provision of intensive perinatal care to the parturient, her fetus, and the newborn. In addition to technologic advances in the bioelec- tronic monitoring of the fetus and newborn, the introduction of noninvasive methods to monitor oxygenation, the pharma- cologic manipulation ofthe ductus arteriosus and pulmonary vasculature, and the use of ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital heart defects and other lesions, intensive efforts by neonatal specialists throughout the world have also contri- buted to the decline in neonatal and infant mortality. Professors Wille and Obladen have provided an authoritative manual outlining intensive care of newborns and the ways in which the science of neonatal medicine, the technology of the 1980 s, and the art of application have resulted in the practice of neonatal intensive care at the Kinderklinik of the University of Heidelberg. The English translation resulted from the success of the German edition and will serve well the needs of the English-speaking student and practitioner of neonatal intensive care. T. Allen Merrit, M. D.Table of Contents1. Practical Management of High-Risk Newborns.- Evaluation and Treatment of the Newborn Immediately After Birth.- 1.1 Predisposing Risk Factors.- 1.2 Diagnosis of Postpartum Condition.- 1.3 Classification of Asphyxia.- 1.4 Primary Care and Resuscitation.- 1.5 Assessment of Gestational Age.- 1.5.1 Definitions.- 1.5.2 Requirements for Assessment of Gestational Age.- 1.5.3 Criteria for Assessment of Gestational Age.- 1.6 Intrauterine Growth Curves.- 1.7 Differentiation Between Preterm and Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants.- 1.8 Determining the Stage of Dysmaturity.- 1.9 Main Symptoms During the First Days of Life.- 1.1 References.- 2 Transport of High-Risk Newborns.- 2.1 Indications for Transfer.- 2.2 Informations Prior to Transport.- 2.3 Organization and Conduct of the Transport.- 2.4 Equipment of a Mobile Intensive Care Unit.- 2.5 Contents of the Emergency Kit.- 2.6 Measures Following Transport.- 2.2 References.- 3 Patient Supervision.- 3.1 Pulse and Heart Rate.- 3.2 Variance of the Heart Rate.- 3.3 Respiration.- 3.4 Temperature.- 3.4.1 Servocontrol.- 3.4.2 Temperature Monitoring.- 3.4.3 Intermittent Manual Measurement.- 3.4.4 Incubator Temperature.- 3.5 Blood Pressure.- 3.5.1 Flush Method.- 3.5.2 Detection of Pulse Waves or Vascular Movements with Ultrasound.- 3.5.3 Direct Measurement.- 3.6 Central Venous Pressure.- 3.6.1 Umbilical Vein Catheter.- 3.6.2 Continuous Measurement with Electronic Pressure Transducer.- 3.7 Computer-Assisted Patient Monitoring.- 3.3 References.- 4 Nutrition During the First Days of Life.- 4.1 General.- 4.2 Oral Feeding.- 4.2.1 Healthy Term Infants.- 4.2.2 Preterm Infants.- 4.2.3 Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants.- 4.2.4 Sick Infants.- 4.3 Nasojejunal Feeding.- 4.4 Supplementary Intravenous Feeding.- 4.5 Total Parenteral Nutrition.- 4.4 References.- II. Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disorders.- 5 Blood Gas Analysis.- 5.1 Measuring Techniques.- 5.1.1 Direct Measurement with Sensitive Electrodes (e. g., Corning, AVL).- 5.1.2 Indirect Measurement.- 5.1.3 Criteria for Selecting a Blood Gas Analyzer.- 5.2 Transcutaneous Oxygen Measurement.- 5.3 Collection of Blood Samples.- 5.3.1 Capillary Sampling.- 5.3.2 Warmed Capillary Sampling.- 5.3.3 Arterial Puncture.- 5.3.4 Umbilical Artery Catheter.- 5.3.5 Indwelling Catheter in Radial or Temporal Artery.- 5.4 Interpretation.- 5.5 Blood Gas Analysis: Normal Values in the Newborn.- 5.6 Disturbances of the Acid-Base Balance.- 5.7 Medicinal Treatment of Acid-Base Disturbances.- 5.7.1 Indications.- 5.7.2 Dosage.- 5.7.3 Administration.- References.- 6 Oxygen Therapy.- 6.1 Indication.- 6.2 Hypoxia Diagnosis, Hyperoxia Test.- 6.2.1 Indication for Artificial Ventilation.- 6.2.2 Differential Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Defects.- 6.3 Oxygen Dissociation.- 6.4 Causes of Disturbances in Oxygenation.- 6.4.1 Impaired Ventilation.- 6.4.2 Impaired Diffusion.- 6.4.3 Impaired Perfusion.- 6.4.4 Disturbances of Oxygen Binding and Oxygen Transport.- 6.5 Dosage of Oxygen in Respiratory Gas.- 6.5.1 PaO2 Measurement.- 6.5.2 tcPO2 Measurement.- 6.6 Modes of Administration.- 6.6.1 Incubator.- 6.6.2 Plastic Head Box (Oxyhood).- 6.6.3 Ventilation.- 6.7 Side Effects of Oxygen Therapy.- 6.7.1 Retrolental Fibroplasia.- 6.7.2 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.- 6.7.3 Ventilatory Depression.- References.- 7 Artificial Ventilation M. Obladen.- 7.1 Ventilatory Status of the Newborn.- 7.2 Indication for Artificial Ventilation.- 7.2.1 Birth Asphyxia or Emergency.- 7.2.2 Central Respiratory Disturbance and Immaturity.- 7.2.3 Respiratory Distress Syndrome.- 7.2.4 Aspiration Syndrome.- 7.2.5 Cardiac Failure.- 7.3 Technical Essentials.- 7.3.1 Disinfection of Tubing and Equipment.- 7.3.2 Assembly of Ventilator Tubing.- 7.4 Ventilators and Their Operation.- 7.4.1 Classification of Some Ventilators Suitable for Neonatal Use.- 7.4.2 Bird Mark.- 7.4.3 Bourns LS 104–150.- 7.4.4 Bourns BP 200.- 7.4.5 Cavitron PV 10, Biomed MVP 10.- 7.4.6 Ventilator Test Run.- 7.4.7 Basic Settings of a Neonatal Ventilator Ready for Use.- 7.4.8 Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV).- 7.5 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP).- 7.5.1 Definitions.- 7.5.2 Principle.- 7.5.3 CPAP System.- 7.5.4 CNP System (Pulmarca).- 7.5.5 Comparison of CNP and CPAP.- 7.5.6 Complications and Side Effects of CPAP.- 7.6 Control of Ventilation.- 7.6.1 Control Scheme.- 7.6.2 Changing the Ventilator Settings.- 7.7 Examples of Ventilation.- 7.7.1 Immature Preterm Infant with Apneic Attacks and Central Respiratory Disturbance.- 7.7.2 Preterm Infant, Stage-II RDS, Stabilization by Prolonged Inspiration.- 7.7.3 Preterm Infant, Stage-III RDS, Weaning by Use of IMV.- 7.7.4 Child of Diabetic Mother, Stage-IV RDS, Stabilization by High Inspiratory Pressure.- 7.7.5 Heart Defect with Iatrogenic Hyperventilation.- 7.7.6 Meconium Aspiration with Severe Respiratory Failure.- 7.8 Recognition of Equipment Malfunctions.- 7.8.1 Principle.- 7.8.2 Pressure-Controlled Ventilation.- 7.8.3 Volume-Controlled Ventilation with Prolonged Inspiration, High Volume, and Pressure Limit.- 7.8.4 CPAP and PEEP.- References.- 8 Long-Term Ventilation.- 8.1 General Requirements.- 8.1.1 Prevention of Infection.- 8.1.2 Suctioning.- 8.1.3 Humidification and Nebulization.- 8.1.4 Heating.- 8.1.5 Physiotherapy.- 8.1.6 Postural Therapy.- 8.1.7 Feeding.- 8.2 Supervision of the Neonate During Artificial Ventilation.- 8.2.1 Observation and Examination of the Artificially Ventilated Neonate.- 8.2.2 Supervision by Monitor.- 8.2.3 Monitoring the Ventilator Settings.- 8.3 Relaxation.- 8.3.1 Indication for Relaxation.- 8.3.2 Dosage and Procedure.- 8.4 Concluding Artificial Ventilation.- 8.4.1 Weaning from the Ventilator.- 8.4.2 Procedure of Weaning.- 8.4.3 Extubation.- 8.4.4 Procedure of Extubation.- 8.5 Complications.- 8.5.1 Blockage of Endotracheal Tube.- 8.5.2 Tube Dislocation.- 8.5.3 Accidental Disconnection.- 8.5.4 Infection.- 8.5.5 Extra-Alveolar Collection of Air.- 8.5.6 Disturbances of Venous Return.- 8.5.7 Patent Ductus Arteriosus.- 8.5.8 Inappropriate Secretion of ADH.- 8.6 Delayed Damage After Long-Term Ventilation.- 8.6.1 Pressure Lesions.- 8.6.2 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.- References.- III. Acute Neonatal Diseases.- 9 Pulmonary Diseases.- 9.1 Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Surfactant Deficiency).- 9.2 Aspiration Syndrome.- 9.3 Pneumothorax.- 9.4 Acute Pulmonary Hemorrhage.- References.- 10 Cardiological Problems in the Newborn.- 10.1 The Newborn with Congenital Heart Disease.- 10.1.1 Differential Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in the Newborn.- 10.1.2 General and Special Cardiological Diagnostic Tests in Suspected Neonatal Heart Disease.- 10.1.3 Cardiac Surgery in the Newborn.- 10.2 Urgent Cardiac Diagnosis in the Newborn.- 10.2.1 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA).- 10.2.2 Coarctation of the Aorta (COA).- 10.2.3 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS).- 10.2.4 Primary Myocardial Disease.- 10.3 Cardiological Emergencies in the Newborn.- 10.3.1 Congestive Heart Failure.- 10.3.2 Cardiac Arrhythmias.- 10.3.3 Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome.- 10.3.4 Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome.- 10.3.5 Pneumopericardium.- References.- Neurologic Diseases.- 11.1 Postasphyxia Syndrome.- 11.2 Neonatal Seizures.- 11.3 Recurrent Apneic Spells.- 11.4 Intracranial Hemorrhage.- 11.4.1 Subdural Hemorrhage.- 11.4.2 Primary Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.- 11.4.3 Periventricular Intracerebral (Intraventricular) Hemorrhage.- References.- 12 Acute Abdominal Diseases.- 12.1 Acute Gastrointestinal Diseases.- 12.2 Necrotizing Enterocolitis.- 12.3 Acute Renal Failure.- References.- Disorders of Metabolism.- 13.1 Hypoglycemia.- 13.2 Infants of Diabetic Mothers.- 13.3 Hyperglycemia.- 13.4 Acute Metabolic Disorders.- References.- 14 Disturbances of the Electrolyte Balance.- 14.1 Hyponatremia 150 mEq/l.- 14.3 Hypokalemia < 3.8 mEq/l.- 14.4 Hyperkalemia > 7 mEq/l.- 14.5 Hypocalcemia.- 14.6 Hypomagnesemia < 1,2 mEq/l.- References.- 15 Icterus Gravis Neonatorum and Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (L. Wille).- 15.1 Definitions.- 15.2 Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Procedure for Neonatal Jaundice.- 15.3 Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn.- 15.3.1 Rh Erythroblastosis (Anti-D).- 15.3.2 Hemolytic Disease Due to Rare Sensitizations to Blood Group Factors Other than A, B, D (Anti-C, -c, -E, -e, Anti-Kell, -Duffy).- 15.3.3 ABO Erythroblastosis.- 15.4 Hemolytic Diseases Without Isoimmunization.- 15.5 Hyperbilirubinemia Without Hemolysis.- 15.5.1 Term Infants.- 15.5.2 Preterm Infants.- 15.6 Hyperbilirubinemia in Hepatocellular or Obstructive Jaundice.- 15.7 Technique of Exchange Transfusion.- 15.8 Phototherapy.- 15.9 Hydrops Fetalis.- References.- 16 Infections.- 16.1 Prevention of Bacterial Infections.- 16.2 Bacteriologic Diagnosis.- 16.3 Sepsis.- 16.4 Meningitis.- 16.5 Intrauterine Infections.- References.- 17 Hematologic Disease.- 17.1 Anemia.- 17.2 Hypovolemic Shock.- 17.3 Polycythemia.- References.- 18 Blood Coagulation and Hemorrhagic Diatheses.- 18.1 Blood Coagulation.- 18.2 Diagnosis.- 18.3 Coagulopathies.- 18.3.1 Congenital Coagulopathies.- 18.3.2 Acquired Coagulopathies.- 18.4 Thrombocytopenia.- 18.5 Thrombocytopathy.- References.- IV. Appendix.- 19 Techniques of Neonatal Intensive Care.- 19.1 Umbilical Vessel Catheterization.- 19.1.1 Umbilical Vein Catheterization.- 19.1.2 Umbilical Artery Catheterization.- 19.2 Technique of Superior Vena Cava Catheterization.- 19.3 Arterial Puncture and Catheterization.- 19.3.1 Puncture of the Radial and Brachial Arteries.- 19.3.2 Percutaneous Catheterization of the Radial Artery.- 19.3.3 Percutaneous Catheterization of the Temporal Artery.- 19.4 Venesection.- 19.5 Drainage of Pneumothorax.- 19.5.1 Exploratory Puncture.- 19.5.2 Technique of Pleural Drainage.- 19.6 Drainage of Pneumopericardium.- 19.7 Abdominal Paracentesis.- 19.8 Endotracheal Intubation.- 19.8.1 Orotracheal Intubation.- 19.8.2 Nasotracheal Intubation.- 19.8.3 Confirmation of Tube Placement.- 19.8.4 Tube Lengths.- 19.8.5 Fixation of Tube.- 19.8.6 Most Frequent Sources of Error During Intubation.- 19.9 Technique of Peritoneal Dialysis.- 19.10 Ventriculopuncture.- References.- 20 Instrumentarium for Procedures in Neonatal Intensive Medicine.- 20.1 Intubation Set.- 20.2 Pneumothorax Set.- 20.3 Abdominal Paracentesis Set.- 20.4 Umbilical Catheter Set.- 20.5 Venesection Set.- 20.6 Peritoneal Dialysis Set.- 21 Neonatal Drug Therapy (L. Wille).- References.- Results of Neonatal Intensive Care.- 22.1 Neonatal Mortality.- 22.1.1 Organizational Measures for Reducing Neonatal Mortality.- 22.2 Cerebral Handicaps.- 22.2.1 Incidence.- 22.2.2 Prognostic Value of Neonatal Risk Factors.- 22.2.3 Origin of Perinatal Brain Damage.- 22.3 Follow-Up Examination.- 22.3.1 Timing.- 22.3.2 Examination Procedure.- 22.4 Economic Aspects.- References.- 23 Parents in the Intensive Care Unit.- 23.1 Normal Reaction of Parents to the Birth of a Premature or Sick Infant.- 23.2 Consequences of Prolonged Maternal-Infant Separation.- 23.3 Parental Functions in the Intensive Care Unit.- 23.4 Informing the Parents.- 23.5 Conference Following the Death of a Newborn.- 23.6 Atmosphere of the Intensive Care Unit.- References.- 24 Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisI: Surgery in Solitary Kidney.- Value of Ultrasound in the Treatment of Solitary Kidneys in Infancy and Childhood.- Renal Function in Single-Kidney Rats.- Urological Operations for Solitary Kidneys in Children.- Reconstructive Surgery in Eight Children with Solitary Kidneys.- Surgery on Solitary Kidneys in Childhood.- Outcome Following Surgery for Solitary Kidney in Children.- Bladder Shrinkage as a Complication of Long-Term Supravesical Urinary Diversion in Children with Solitary Kidneys.- Problems in Severe Bilateral Urinary Tract Anomalies.- Double Ureter in Children: Surgical Management.- Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Wilms' Tumours with Special Reference to Second Operations in Metachronous Disease.- Infants with Posterior Urethral Valves: A Retrospective Study and Consequences for Therapy.- II: Corrections of Urinary Transport Disturbances.- Microvascular Autotransplantation of Intra-abdominal Testes.- Role of the Kock Pouch in Adolescent Urology.- Cloacal Malformations: Embryology, Anatomy and Principles of Management.- Genitoplasty for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Anatomy and Technical Review.- Surgical Correction of Virilised Female External Genitalia.- Reconstruction of the Epispadic Penis in Adolescents.- One-Stage Preputial Pedicle Flap Repair for Hypospadias Experience with 100 Patients.- Reconstruction of Foreskin in Distal Hypospadias Repair.Table of ContentsI: Surgery in Solitary Kidney.- Value of Ultrasound in the Treatment of Solitary Kidneys in Infancy and Childhood.- Renal Function in Single-Kidney Rats.- Urological Operations for Solitary Kidneys in Children.- Reconstructive Surgery in Eight Children with Solitary Kidneys.- Surgery on Solitary Kidneys in Childhood.- Outcome Following Surgery for Solitary Kidney in Children.- Bladder Shrinkage as a Complication of Long-Term Supravesical Urinary Diversion in Children with Solitary Kidneys.- Problems in Severe Bilateral Urinary Tract Anomalies.- Double Ureter in Children: Surgical Management.- Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Wilms’ Tumours with Special Reference to Second Operations in Metachronous Disease.- Infants with Posterior Urethral Valves: A Retrospective Study and Consequences for Therapy.- II: Corrections of Urinary Transport Disturbances.- Microvascular Autotransplantation of Intra-abdominal Testes.- Role of the Kock Pouch in Adolescent Urology.- Cloacal Malformations: Embryology, Anatomy and Principles of Management.- Genitoplasty for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Anatomy and Technical Review.- Surgical Correction of Virilised Female External Genitalia.- Reconstruction of the Epispadic Penis in Adolescents.- One-Stage Preputial Pedicle Flap Repair for Hypospadias Experience with 100 Patients.- Reconstruction of Foreskin in Distal Hypospadias Repair.

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Book SynopsisDepending on the definition of this concept that is adopted, adolescence is the narrow threshold or a vast no-man's land that separates adulthood from childhood. In one -physica1ist- view, adolescence begins when secondary sex characters become noticeable and ends when they are fully developed. In another -socio1ogica1- view, adolescence ends when social independence has been gained. It may easily take many years more to span the interval between those two events. In this collection of papers by specialists from various disciplines, physical, psychological and social aspects of adolescence are considered. The book originates from a postgraduate course for medical practitioners, who deal with adolescents, but the range of the papers is such that we hope it may be of value to a much wider readership, including educators and all who are concerned with adolescents. The course was entitled: 'Adolescence: psychological, social and biological aspects', and was held in Leiden in November 1981. It was the fourth in a series of Boerhaave Courses instigated by the Dutch Growth Foundation of available. which a published record has now become Previous titles are 'Somatic growth of the child' (1966), 'De samenstel1ing van het mense1ijk 1ichaam' (1968) (=Human body composition), and 'Normal and abnormal development of brain and behaviour' (1971). VI The detailed programme of the course was planned by Dr. F.J. Bekker, Prof. Dr. J.L. van den Brande, Prof. Dr. W. Everaerd, Prof. A.Th. Schweizer and Prof. Dr. J.J. van der Werff ten Bosch.Table of ContentsA historical and transcultural view of adolescence.- Concepts of adolescence; their applicability to normal and clinical samples.- Psychological changes in adolescence related to physical changes.- The psychobiology of developmental behavior disorders.- Influence of early exposure to steroid hormones on behavioral development.- The effects of a chronic illness on somatic growth and psychological development.- Adolescents and family disruption through marital separation.- Erotic overtures and sexual contacts; competence, rules, attitudes and problems.- Sex roles and coping with emotions.- Outpatient social skills training for youth in trouble; theoretical background, practice and outcome.- The implementation and evaluation of a residential social skills training program for youth in trouble.- Suicidal behaviour among adolescents.- How are we to deal with adolescents and their problems?.- Epidemiology and the role of public health organizations.

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Book SynopsisThis book has been written with general practitioners primarily in view, describing common paediatric conditions that present in the outpatient clinics and those that require admission to hospital. The book is neither a textbook of paediatrics nor a handbook but is aimed to provide guidelines for the more commonplace conditions. Some aspects therefore, have been dealt with in detail, where felt relevant, while others are omitted on grounds of probable rare encounter. It is hoped that this volume will provide the family practitioner with an insight in the paediatrician's approach to many of the common problems in chifdren and to help him decide on the best course of action to follow. The care of children constitutes a significant and important part of a family doctor's work and practitioners are keen to promote optional care in all circumstances. It is hoped that the endeavours of this book will go in some small way to help put across the practitioner's approach.Table of Contents1 Infant feeding.- Breast feeding.- Bottle feeding.- Vitamins.- Regurgitation.- Vomiting.- Colic.- The hungry baby.- The baby who does not feed.- 2 Respiratory diseases.- Upper respiratory tract infection.- Tonsillitis.- Otitis media.- Stridor.- Croup.- Acute epiglottitis.- Chest infections.- Pneumonias.- Lobar pneumonia.- Airways obstruction.- Asthma.- 3 Gastrointestinal problems.- Gastroenteritis and related problems.- Malabsorption.- Chronic inflammatory bowel disease.- Congenital abnormalities.- Large bowel obstruction.- Appendicitis.- Differential diagnosis.- 4 Urinary tract.- Urinary tract infection.- Congenital abnormalities.- Glomerular disease.- Renal tubular disorders.- 5 Fits in childhood.- Neonatal fits.- Febrile fits.- Epilepsy.- Infantile spasms.- Differential diagnosis of peculiar turns.- 6 Heart disease in children.- Innocent murmurs.- Basic cardiac parameters.- Congestive cardiac failure.- Ventricular septal defect.- Patent ductus arteriosus.- Atrial septal defect.- Co-arctation of the aorta.- Transposition of the great vessels.- Tetralogy of Fallot.- Pulmonary stenosis.- Aortic stenosis.- Truncus arteriosus.- Tricuspid atresia.- Precautions against infection.- 7 Metabolic disorders.- Diabetes mellitus.- Clinical manifestations.- Stabilization.- Insulin.- Oral hypoglycaemic agents.- Diet.- Education.- Urine testing.- Blood glucose monitoring.- Useful services.- Thyroid disorders.- Thyrotoxicosis.- Carcinoma of the thyroid.- Hypothyroidism.- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.- Growth problems.- Short stature.- Differential diagnosis of short stature.- Tall children.- 8 Common symptoms and problems of doubtful origin.- Abdominal pain.- Headaches.- Nocturnal enuresis.- Faecal soiling and encopresis.- 9 The problem child.- The crying baby.- Breath-holding attacks.- Temper tantrums.- The overactive child.- The child who does not sleep.- The child who does not eat.- School problems.- 10 Developmental assessment and the handicapped child.- Neonatal developmental assessment.- Newborn reflexes and reactions.- Special senses.- General objectives in the assessment of the handicapped.- Useful information.- 11 Surgical conditions.- Common surgical conditions.- Abnormalities of the female external genitalia.- The umbilicus.- Hare lip, cleft palate and tongue tie.- Swellings in the neck.- Ear, nose and throat surgery.- The eyes.- Neurosurgical conditions.- Orthopaedic problems.- 12 Emergencies in paediatrics.- Respiratory emergencies.- Cardiac emergencies.- Fits and coma.- Metabolic emergencies.- Gastro-intestinal emergencies.- Genito-urinary emergencies.- Miscellaneous emergencies.

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Book SynopsisMany clinical problems of transport have been known for decades, par­ ticularly those disorders involving the liver and kidney. As a result of the dramatic increase in interest in transport at the membrane level the Society devoted its Seventeenth Symposium, held at Leeds during September 1979, to Transport and Inherited Disease, the result of that meeting forming the basis of this monograph. For the occasion over a hundred members and guests of the Society were joined by many invited speakers from Europe and the USA to discuss this rapidly developing field with special reference to the direct interests of the Society - in­ herited metabolic disease. The major theme of the meeting was opened with formal scientific presentations on membrane structure, synthesis and the regulation of epithelial transport. These were followed by discussions of specific prob­ lems of transport in brain, kidney and red blood cells. Almost all of these later lectures had clinical applications with cystic fibrosis and nephro­ genic diabetes insipidus featuring as examples of the common inherited diseases. The Hudson Memorial Lecture was delivered by Professor H. Bickel (Heidelberg). This outstanding review lecture on 'Phenylketonuri- past, present and future' is reproduced in the Journal of the Society - the Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease (Volume 3 No.4, pp.123-132). xiii xiv PREFACE The members' papers (both oral and poster) are also being reprinted in various issues of the Journal (published by MTP Press Ltd., Lancaster, UK).Table of ContentsSection One.- 1 The inherited methylmalonic acidaemias: a model system for the study of vitamin metabolism and apoenzyme-coenzyme Interactions — The Milner Lecture.- Section Two Biochemistry of Membranes.- 2 Membrane structure.- 3 Synthesis of membranes.- 4 Some regulatory principles in epithelial transport.- Section Three Transport in Brain.- 5 The needs of the brain for amino acids and how they are transported across the blood-brain barrier.- 6 Some aspects of the transport of glucose and ketone bodies into the brain and retina.- Section Four Renal Transport.- 7 The function and organization of kidney microvillar proteins.- 8 Cyclic nucleotides and the regulation of water and electrolyte transport.- 9 Mineralocorticoids and sodium transport.- 10 Sodium transport in cystic fibrosis.- 11 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.- 12 Mendelian hypophosphataemias as probes of phosphate and sulphate transport by mammalian kidney (X-linked hypophosphataemia. Autosomal hypophosphataemia in man and Hyp mutation in mouse).- 13 Renal transport of cystine by isolated renal tubules and brush-border membrane vesicles.- 14 5-Oxoprolinuria and other inborn errors related to the ?-glutamyl cycle.- Section Five Transport in Red Blood Cells.- 15 Anion transport in red blood cells.- 16 Inherited disorders of red-cell cation transport.- 17 Red-cell amino acid and nucleoside transport: inherited lesions and related enzyme deficiencies in sheep.

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Table of ContentsSection One Pathogenic Mechanisms of Inborn Errors: Clinical Implications of Biochemical Diversity.- 1 Molecular aspects of genetic heterogeneity.- 2 Inborn errors of purine metabolism-The Milner Lecture.- 3 Vitamin-responsive inherited metabolic disorders: propionic acidaemia and methylmalonic acidaemia.- 4 Homocystinuria: clinical and biochemical heterogeneity.- 5 Hereditary defects of steroid biosynthesis.- 6 Blood-brain barrier amino-acid transport: clinical implications.- Section Two Treatment: New Aspects and Limits, Transplantation, Replacement Therapy, Genetic Engineering.- 7 Recent studies on the maturation of lysosomal enzymes.- 8 Enzyme substitution by fibroblast transplantation.- 9 Artificial cell-encapsulated enzymes and adsorbents in congenital metabolic disorders.- 10 Prospects for enzyme replacement therapy in heritable metabolic disorders.- Section Three Inborn Errors of Metabolism affecting Brain Development (Animal Models).- 11 Inborn errors of metabolism affecting brain development-Introduction.- 12 Mutations in mice affecting brain development and their correlations with human diseases.- 13 Murine mutations affecting myelination: models to study myelin diseases in the human.- 14 The effect of phenylalanine on myelin metabolism in adolescent rats.- 15 Abnormal oligodendrocyte differentiation in a mouse mutant with defect in myelination.- Section Four Consequences of Inborn Errors of Metabolism for the Individual, the Family and Society.- 16 Inborn errors of metabolism consequences of long-term treatment for the individual, as derived from observations in phenylketonuria.- 17 Social aspects of the handicapped person.- 18 Psychological and educational aspects of handicap.- 19 Repercussions of screening.- 20 Some principles in the management of inherited metabolic disease.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to provide a practical guide to help junior doctors to manage the important acute paediatric problems they are likely to encounter. The emphasis has been placed on the diagnostic problems and management when the child first presents. The approach taken is largely pragmatic, in contrast with the more theoretical approach of undergraduate teaching. As many doctors in general paediatrics are also required to perform neonatal resuscitation, a chapter on this topic has been included, but no attempt has been made to cover the specialized field of neonatal intensive care. Several of the chapters have been published in a series of articles in Hospital Update. They have been thoroughly revised and many new chapters added. It would have been impossible for me to have written this book without the help and encouragement of my wife, Dr Ann Goldman. She has read the book at each stage of its gestation and made many constructive suggestions and improvements. I am also grateful to Dr Paul Hutchins who has helped me considerably. Dr Doug Jones has provided helpful advice on the anaesthetic aspects and practical procedures and contributed the section on the insertion of central venous catheters. Many other colleagues have read sections of the book and I should like to thank Drs Ruby Schwartz, Terry Stacey, Andy Whitelaw, Rodney Rivers, John Warner, Sue Rigden, Susan­ nah Hart, Mike Liberman and Bernard Valman.Table of Contents1. Neonatal resuscitation.- 2. Cardiorespiratory arrest.- 3. The child with stridor.- 4. Lower respiratory tract disorders.- 5. Diarrhoea and vomiting.- 6. Acute abdominal pain.- 7. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycaemia.- 8. The febrile child.- 9. Convulsions.- 10. Coma.- 11. Shock.- 12. Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract.- 13. Cardiovascular emergencies.- 14. Accidents and poisoning.- 15. Child abuse.- 16. Sudden infant death syndrome.- 17. Practical procedures.

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Book SynopsisThe sixteenth annual symposium of the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism was held in Bristol from 12th to 14th July, 1978. About 25 invited speakers and 150 participants came from many parts of Europe and North America to consider the topic, 'Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism'. Although some aspects of these disorders have formed part of the programme of previous symposia organized by the Socie­ ty, this was the first attempt to discuss them in a systematic manner. The subject, carbohydrate disorders, embraces both familiar and well documented conditions and some lesser known aspects of genetic disease. In all of these there remains much to be learnt about clinical and laboratory diagnosis, treatment, biochemical screening and pathogenesis. Thus one aim of the Society, to combine clinical and scientific interest, can rarely have been better achieved in a single symposium. Since the programme included diseases from six different areas of car­ bohydrate metabolism and contained so many distinguished speakers, it is impossible to highlight the more important aspects of this symposium within a short space. Each section made a notable contribution to knowledge and, when time was available, lively discussions ensued which have been recorded in the book. However, we wish to mention our two special lectures, because they recognise people to whom the Society owes a great deal. The Milner lecture has been given for the past 6 years as a tribute to Mr J.Table of ContentsSection One Introduction.- 1 Carbohydrate metabolism and its regulation — The Milner Lecture.- Section Two Disorders of Carbohydrate Absorption.- 2 Basic causes of carbohydrate malabsorption.- 3 Clinical aspects of disordered carbohydrate absorption.- Section Three Disorders of Galactose Metabolism.- 4 Galactose metabolism, hereditary defects and their clinical significance.- 5 Clinical aspects of Galactosaemia.- 6 How long should galactosaemia be treated?.- 7 Pregnancy in classical galactosaemia.- 8 Screening for galactosaemia.- 9 Prenatal diagnosis of classical galactosaemia.- 10 Discussion.- Section Four Disorders of Fructose Metabolism.- 11 Clinical and genetic studies of disorders in fructose metabolism.- 12 Pathogenic mechanisms of disorders in fructose metabolism.- 13 Discussion.- Section Five Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism.- 14 Pathways and regulation of pyruvate metabolism.- 15 Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiencies.- 16 Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, studies on patients and on an animal model system.- Section Six Glycogen Storage Diseases.- 17 Recent advances and problems in the glycogen storage diseases.- 18 Hepatic glycogenosis: diagnosis and management — The F. P. Hudson Memorial Lecture.- 19 Recent work on treatment of Type I glycogen storage disease.- 20 Pre- and postnatal diagnosis of glycogen storage disease.- 21 Type VI glycogenosis: identification of subgroups.- 22 Discussion.- Section Seven Genetic Aspects of Diabetes.- 23 Clinical studies of the inheritance of diabetes mellitus.- 24 HLA antigens and diabetes.- 25 Juvenile diabetes and optic atrophy.- 26 Discussion.

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Table of ContentsSession I Nutrition and Metabolism of the Fetus.- The role of insulin and glucagon in fetal growth and metabolism.- Protein turnover rate in fetal organs: the influence of insulin.- Fetal ingestion and metabolism of amniotic fluid protein.- Some of the consequences of intrauterine growth retardation.- Discussion.- Session II Nutrition and Metabolism of the Fetus and Infant.- Umbilical uptake of substrates and their role in fetal metabolism.- The energy cost of growth estimated from simultaneous direct and indirect calorimetry in infants of less than 2500 g.- Fatty acid metabolism before and after birth.- The fatty acid composition of brown and white fat in newborn infants and the influence of the ingested fat on the fatty acid composition of their body fat.- Subcutaneous fat measurement as an indication of nutrition of the fetus and newborn.- Discussion.- Session III Nutrition of the Preterm Infant.- Body composition of the fetus and infant.- The absorption of magnesium, copper, zinc and iron by preterm infants in relation to body composition of the foetus.- Nitrogen balances and protein requirements of preterm infants.- Taurine in infant nutrition.- Discussion.- Session IV Human Milk.- Composition of human milk.- Immune factors in human milk.- The effects of pasteurisation on immune factors in human milk.- Feeding pre-term infants with raw and heat-sterilised human milk: effects on faecal flora.- Psycho-social implications of breast feeding.- Discussion.- Session V Parenteral Nutrition of the Newborn and Infant.- The intravenous and peroral requirements of amino acids during early infancy.- Studies on the requirement of amino acids in newborn infants receiving parenteral nutrition.- Brain composition of beagle puppies receiving total parenteral nutrition.- Trace elements in parenteral feeding of infants.- Discussion.- Index of subjects.

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains the proceedings of a postgraduate course for medical practitioners of various specialties. One purpose of the course was to provide factual data on developmental aspects of the brain and behaviour, and about the possible impact of several important categories of internal and environ­ mental factors upon neural development. Another purpose was to indicate the extent and the limitations of the methodology now available for the scientific approach of the study of the development of behaviour. In general the investigator is faced with methodological problems of two types, the proper definition and scoring of behavioural items, and the isolation of the different factors that contribute to a particular behaviour. An example of the latter is given in the very last paper, which is concerned with attempts at unravelling under experimental conditions the contributions made by various influences upon a single sequence of behaviour. The course was held in Leiden in November 1970, and was the third in a series of Boerhaave Courses instigated by the Dutch Growth Foundation. Previous subjects have been 'Somatic growth of the child' (in 1964) and 'Human body composition' (in 1967). The programme was planned in collaboration with Prof. Dr. H. H. van Gelderen, Dr. D. G. Lawrence, Prof. Dr. F. J. Monks, Prof. Dr. H. F. R. Prechtl and Prof. Dr. H. K. A. Visser. Financial support was given by the pharmaceutical firms Philips-Duphar, Sandoz and Specia, and by the Dutch Growth Foundation. Major editorial contributions were made by Anneke Bot.Table of ContentsSomatic development and the study of the central nervous system.- Undernutrition and the developing brain: the use of animal models to elucidate the human problem.- Effects of early malnutrition on general development in animals.- Postnatal growth and development in small-for-date babies.- On the structure, development, and connections of the limbic system.- Behavioral assessment in infancy.- Manual to accompany newborn behavioral and neurological scales.- Motor behaviour in relation to brain structure.- Neurological criteria for the estimation of the post-menstrual age of newborn infants.- Neurological follow-up of infants born after obstetrical complications.- Observations of free-field behaviour in preschool boys and girls in relation to neurological findings.- Genetic influences on development of behavior.- Non-genetic prenatal influences on psychological development.- Comment.- Congenital deafness and disturbed psychomotor development.- Effects of congenital blindness on development of behaviour.- The influence of emotional deprivation on growth and behaviour.- Neuroendocrine factors and the ontogeny of behavior.- The effects of early hypothyroidism on IQ, school performance, and electroencephalogram pattern in children.- Pituitary-adrenal hormones and behaviour.- Hormonal and social determinants of sexual behavior in the pigtail monkey (Macaca nemestrina).- Index of subjects.

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Table of ContentsThe 23rd Annual Symposium of the SSIEM: Liverpool.- to recombinant DNA.- Human biochemical genetics of enzyme proteins in the new age of molecular genetics.- Direct DNA analysis in family studies.- Application and limitations of direct DNA analysis in genetic prediction.- DNA analysis for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.- Molecular genetics of PKU.- Human DNA repair defects.- Molecular basis of ai-antitrypsin deficiency and its potential therapy by gene transfer.- Direct alteration of a gene in the human genome.- Diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and the 5’ flanking polymorphism of the human insulin gene.- Workshop on Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency).- Clinical aspects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia: early diagnosis and prognosis.- Biochemical aspects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.- Large-Scale Pilot Studies.- Review of CAH screening programmes and the Scottish experience.- Neonatal screening programme for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a homogenous Caucasian population.- Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a pilot study in France.- Existing Clinical Diagnoses.- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Birmingham: a retrospective analysis (1958-1985).- Prevalence of adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency in neonates born in the West Midlands: a retrospective study.- Clinical Symposium - Phenylketonuria.- and explanation.- Maternal phenylketonuria.- Dietary problems of phenylketonuria: effect on CNS transmitters and their possible role in behaviour and neuropsychological function.- Diagnosis in relationship to treatment of hyperphenylalaninaemia.- Problems related to diet management of maternal phenylketonuria.- Short Communications.- Preface and Free Communications.- Molecular biology of phenylalanine hydroxylase.- Hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase and dietary tolerance in hyperphenylalaninaemic patients.- Phenylalanine metabolites in treated phenylketonuric children.- Magnesium-deficient rickets in a phenylketonuric patient on dietary treatment.- Termination of strict diet in phenylketonuria: neurophysiological, psychological and biochemical studies.- Effects of stopping phenylalanine-restricted diet on intellectual progress of children with phenylketonuria.- Maternal hyperphenylalaninaemia: dietary treatment during pregnancy.- Maternal hyperphenylalaninaemia in Israel.- Maternal phenylketonuria with increased tyrosine supplements.- Screening for phenylketonuria in Yugoslavia (SR Croatia) 1979–1984.- Incidence of phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninaemia in a sample of the Turkish newborn population.- Atypical phenylketonuria with mild mental retardation caused by tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in a Chinese family.- Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency: clinical, biochemical and therapeutic aspects.- Partial dihydropteridine reductase deficiency and mental retardation.- Urine amino acid analysis by HPLC in the investigation of inborn errors of metabolism.- Plasma amino acid patterns in critically ill children.- Treatment of hereditary tyrosinaemia (fumarylacetoacetase deficiency) by enzyme substitution.- Presentation of the data of the Italian registry for oculocutaneous tyrosinaemia.- A new case of hyperlysinaemia with saccharopinuria.- Failure of early diazepam treatment in a neonate with non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia.- Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: 3 cases in one Italian family.- Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methyltetrahydrofolate methyltransferase in human fetal tissues and chorionic villi.- Kinetic studies on the glucose-6-phosphate transport system in rat hepatic microsomal membrane.- Long term cornstarch therapy in glycogen storage disease types I, lb and III.- Galactose-l-phosphate-uridyl transferase activity in chorionic villi: a first trimester prenatal diagnosis of galactosaemia.- Molecular heterogeneity of McArdle disease.- Decreased affinity of phosphorylase ? for glucose-1 -phosphate in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of patients with glycogenosis type VI.- The diagnosis and treatment of a patient with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: overnight fasting does not result in the expected urinary metabolite profile.- A new case of familiar C6-C14 dicarboxylic aciduria with favourable evolution.- Pyruvate carboxylase responsive to ketosis in a multiple carboxylase deficiency patient.- Neonatal screening for biotinidase deficiency: an update.- GM2 gangliosidosis with hexosaminidase A and B defect: report of a family with motor neuron disease-like phenotype.- A comparison between hepatocytes and macrophages of sphingomyelin, cholesterol and acid lipase in various types of Niemann-Pick disease.- Juvenile dystonia without vertical gaze paralysis: Niemann-Pick type C disease.- Pre- and postnatal diagnosis of the cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome via a simple method directly demonstrating the presence or absence of peroxisomes in cultured skin fibroblasts, amniocytes or chorionic villi fibroblasts.- Impaired cholesterol side chain cleavage activity in liver from patients with cerebro- hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome in relation to the accumulation of di- and trihydroxycoprostanoic acid in serum.- Deficiency of dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase and catalase-containing particles in patients with infantile Refsum’s disease.- Peroxisomal abnormalities in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata.- Cytogenetic studies of three families with ataxia-telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome).

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Book SynopsisL. B. STRANG The past 25 years have seen a remarkable growth in our knowledge of lung development in its structural, physiological and biochemical dimensions. Much of the impetus for research leading to new knowledge has derived from the perception that many respiratory disorders in the newborn infant are due to defective development or maladaption of some component or components of the respiratory system. Thus, to cite one example, surfac­ tant deficiency is clearly seen to be the cause of atelectasis in hyaline mem­ brane disease; and to cite another, it is widely accepted that the mechanisms controlling patency of the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary vascular resistance also determine the right-to-Ieft or left-to-right shunting frequently observed in the course of neonatal respiratory disorders. There are, however, areas of physiological knowledge - such as those relating to respiratory control and to liquid formation and absorption - which are clearly of great relevance to lung adaptation at birth but where it has not yet proved possible to link a specific clinical state to the malfunction of a particular mechanism. In planning this symposium an attempt was made to organize the material in an orderly manner, starting with the embryonic and fetal stages of growth and development, continuing with respiratory control and the role of surfactant in lung aeration at birth, and ending with the treatment of neonatal respiratory disorders.Table of Contents1. Lung embryogenesis and differentiation.- Discussion.- 2. Differentiation of the pulmonary epithelium.- Discussion.- 3. Factors affecting fetal lung growth.- Discussion.- 4. Postnatal lung development and modulation of lung growth.- Discussion.- 5. The secretion and absorption of fetal lung liquid.- Discussion.- 6. Development of epithelial ion transport in fetal and neonatal airways.- Discussion.- 7. Analysis of ion and fluid transport across a vertebrate pulmonary epithelium studied in vitro.- Discussion.- 8. The maturation of the control of respiration in infancy.- Discussion.- 9. Establishment of the end-expiratory level (FRC) in newborn mammals.- Discussion.- 10. Postnatal development of lung function.- 11. Alveolar ventilation in newborns and its post-natal development.- Discussion.- 12. Some relationships among structure, composition, and functional characteristics of lung surfactant.- Discussion.- 13. Aspects of surfactant metabolism in the adult and perinatal lung.- Discussion.- 14. myo-Inositol and perinatal development of surfactant.- Discussion.- 15. Absorption of fetal lung liquid and exogenous surfactant in premature lambs.- Discussion.- 16. Surfactant inhibitory plasma-derived proteins.- Discussion.- 17. Surfactant replacement: theory and practice.- Discussion.- 18. The Cambridge experience of artificial surfactant.- Discussion.- 19. Surfactant supplementation: Toronto trial.- Discussion.- 20. Mechanical ventilation: the role of high-frequency ventilation.- Discussion.

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Book SynopsisPerinatal Medicine is a relatively new specialty, sited between the mechanistic approach of traditional obstetrics and the anticipatory and preventative out­ look expressed in the study of fetal growth which extends into monitoring neo­ natal progress and development. It is of primary importance that obstetricians and neonatologists should think alike and should not allow their interests to develop along separate lines. Frequent clinical consultations with neonat­ ologists cooperating in prenatal care and obstetricians visiting the special nur­ sery on a regular basis are essential if every fetus is to reach its full potential. Such aims have been advanced by previous European Congresses and it was our privilege in Dublin to host the IXth Congress held at the Royal Dublin Society from September 3rd to 5th 1984. Over nine hundred delegates rep­ resenting thirty-nine countries attended the scientific and social programme. The theme of the congress was the mature baby. The organizers felt that while major advances had been made in the management of prematurity there were still far too many mature fetuses dying and too many deaths in the nor­ mally formed appropriate weight for gestational age neonate. Hence antenatal fetal assessment, the management of labour including electronic monitoring in normal women and asphyxial brain damage were major topics. Pregnancy hy­ pertension, caesarean section, breech presentation, diabetes and unexplained mature stillbirth were workshop topics.Table of ContentsSection 1 Main Lectures.- 1. Randomized trial of fetal monitoring.- 2. The contribution of perinatal physiology to clinical practice.- 3. The importance of the infant’s condition at birth.- Section 2 Management of childbirth in normal women.- Chairman’s introduction.- 4. Active involvement in Dublin.- 5. Aspects of monitoring in normal labour.- 6. Management in Pithiviers.- 7. The third stage and fetal adaptation.- 8. The Netherlands as an obstetric experiment.- Chairman’s Summary.- Section 3 Antenatal Fetal Assessment.- 9. Fetal and neonatal assessment.- 10. The value and interpretation of fetal heart rate patterns.- 11. Antenatal assessment of fetal health using dynamic real-time ultrasound.- 12. Assessment of adaptation to extrauterine life in clinics without integrated neonatology.- Section 4 Asphyxial Brain Damage.- Chairman’s introduction.- 13. Pathophysiological aspects of asphyxial brain damage.- 14. Acidaemia and its neurological effects.- 15. The role of technology in detection and management — techniques of investigation.- 16. Outcome and long term follow-up.- Section 5 Hypertension in Pregnancy.- Chairman’s introduction.- 17. The follow-up of patients with severe pre-eclampsia.- 18. Hypertension-related perinatal mortality in Alberta.- 19. The effect of hypertension on the uteroplacental vasculature.- 20. A critical appraisal.- 21. Conservative management of pre-eclampsia: maternal risk.- Section 6 Indication for Caesarean Section.- Chairman’s introduction.- 22. Trends and variations in the use of caesarean delivery.- 23. Evolution of caesarean section in France.- 24. Caesarean section and perinatal mortality rates.- 25. Situation in the German Federal Republic.- 26. The European survey of obstetrical interventions.- Chairman’s summary.- Section 7 Persistent Fetal Circulation.- 27. Physiological control of the pulmonary circulation.- 28. Persistent fetal circulation — aetiology.- 29. Persistent fetal circulation complicating other neonatal lung disorders — definition and diagnosis.- 30. Treatment of persistent fetal circulation.- Chairman’s summary.- Section 8 Management of Breech Delivery.- Chairman’s introduction.- 31. The obstetric management of the premature breech.- 32. The pediatric approach to the premature breech.- 33. The obstetric management of the mature breech.- 34. The term breech: subsequent growth and development.- 35. The term breech: results of psychological assessment at 4 years of age.- Section 9 Perinatal Audit.- 36. Perinatal audit: an overview.- 37. Use of routinely collected data for perinatal surveillance.- 38. The use of tracer conditions to assess the quality of perinatal care.- 39. The role of collaborative clinical trials for auditing perinatal practice.- Chairman’s summary.- Section 10 Diabetes in Pregnancy.- Chairman’s introduction.- 40. Pregnancy in the clinical diabetic.- 41. Tight metabolic control during early pregnancy prevents malformation in offspring of insulin-dependent diabetic women.- 42. Long term morbidity in infants of diabetic mothers.- Section 11 Surfactant.- Chairman’s introduction.- 43. Human surfactant.- 44. The Cambridge experience of artificial surfactant.- 45. Overview of surfactant replacement therapy.- 46. Surfactant replacement studies in Belfast.- Section 12 Perinatal Training.- 47. Higher training in fetal medicine in Britain.- 48. Perinatal training in Germany.- 49. Training in perinatal pediatrics.- 50. Subspecialization of neonatologists.- 51. Training of neonatologists in the USA.- Section 13 Unexplained Mature Stillbirth.- 52. Incidence of stillbirths in singletons and twins: national Swedish data — a preliminary report.- 53. Clinical characteristics of unexpected intrauterine death.- 54. Unexplained mature stillbirth: review of clinical and laboratory data.- 55. Pathological investigations.- Chairman’s summary.

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Book SynopsisIt is almost twenty years ago since under Nutricia's auspices the first Nutricia Symposium took place. Professor Jonxis was mainly responsible for the organiza- tion of the earlier symposia, whilst Professor Visser organized the fifth Nutricia Symposium in 1978. This book is the commitment to paper of the lectures given during the sixth Nutricia/Cow & Gate Symposium held in Louvain in 1983. Both Professor Eeckels and Professor Ransome-Kuti succeeded in collecting a panel of experts on 'Child Health in the Tropics'. We hope, in fact we are sure, that you will consider the contents of this book a daily stimulation in your medical profession. October 1984 Contents Preface...V List of authors ...XI List of participants...XIV SESSION I FEEDING, FEEDING PRACTICES AND GROWTH Chairman: Chap-Yung Yeung A. Omololu, The practice of breastfeeding ...3 M. G. M. Rowland, S. G. l. Goh, S. Tullock, D. T. Dunn and R. l. Hayes, Growth and weaning in urban Gambian infants...9 W. Klaver, Some considerations on the formulation of weaning mixes. . 19 R. G. Hendrickse, The influence of mycotoxins on child health in the tropics...29 V. S. Tanphaichitr, C. Tuchinda, V. Suvatte and S. Tuchinda, Bodily growth in thalassemia ...43 L. Sinisterra, Ecological evaluation of human development: the case of the child in the tropics...51 SESSION II DIARRHOEAL DISEASES Chairman: o. Ransome-Kuti A. M. Molla, S. A. Sarker, A. Molla, M. Kathoon, W. B.Table of ContentsSession I Feeding, Feeding Practices and Growth Chairman: Chap-Yung Yeung.- The practice of breastfeeding.- Growth and weaning in urban Gambian infants.- Some considerations on the formulation of weaning mixes.- The influence of mycotoxins on child health in the tropics.- Bodily growth in thalassemia.- Ecological evaluation of human development: the case of the child in the tropics.- Session II Diarrhoeal Diseases Chairman: O. Ransome-Kuti.- Rice based oral rehydration therapy in acute diarrhoea: a superior therapy and a medium for calorie supplementation.- Acute infantile gastroenteritis in Hong Kong.- Diarrhoeal diseases in children and oral rehydration in Nigeria.- Diarrhoeal diseases in Pakistani children.- Diarrhoeal diseases and mortality in infants and children.- Acute diarrhea in the Dominican Republic.- Effect of nutritional status of children on intake and absorption of nutrients.- Session III Nutrition Chairman: J.H.P. Jonxis.- Methods for evaluating nutrition and health status.- Assessing nutrition at village level.- A study of some aspects of marginal malnutrition amongst Egyptian infants and young children.- Epidemiology and clinical assessment of vitamin deficiencies in Thai children.- Some aspects of protein-energy malnutrition in the highlands of Central Africa.- Perspectives on world malnutrition.- Session IV The Newborn Infant Chairman: O.P. Ghai.- Sources of excess low birth weight in developing countries.- Some aspects of perinatal growth: can perinatal health be measured in kilograms?.- Maturity of the Nigerian newborn infant.- Neonatal intensive care in the developing countries: conservative or agressive approach.- Determinants of fetal growth and early-postnatal growth in a rural area of Indonesia.- The pregnancy monitoring chart: an approach to reduce the prevalence of low birth weight by village cadres.- The mother-infant dyad in Madura, Indonesia: nutritional aspects.- Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.- Session V Training and Teaching — Primary Health Care Systems Chairman: R.G. Hendrickse.- Training of overseas paediatricians in the U.K.: relevance to primary child health care.- Nutrition in primary health care: functional analysis.- Primary health care in the hospital.- Utilisation of child health services in developing countries.- What has medicine in the Western World learned from work in developing countries?.- Summing up and conclusions.- Index of subjects.

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Book SynopsisThe first symposium of the Society for the Study ofInborn valuable overview of advances in the application of Errors of Metabolism (SSIEM) on the organic acid urias chemical analysis of amniotic fluid to their early prenatal was held in Leeds in 1971 and published by the Society in diagnosis. The continuing complexity of diagnosis, 1972 (the 9th Annual SSIEM Symposium). Although biochemistry and aetiology ofthe dicarboxylic acid urias relatively few of these disorders were recognized at that has been admirably reduced by the papers from Dr time, the symposium was prompted by the then recent Gregersen and Dr Goodman, with Dr Goodman clearly identification between 1966 and 1970 of isovaleric identifying the primary defect in the polycystic variant of acidaemia, methylmalonic aciduria, propionic aci- multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency ("glutaric daemia, pyroglutamic aciduria and 3-methylcrotonyl- aciduria type II") as a deficiency of electron transfer glycinuria. Identification and diagnosis of diseases of this flavoprotein (ETF) dehydrogenase. Dr Engel's paper kind had greatly improved primarily through the also provides a useful overview from currently available application of gas chromatography and mass spectro- data of the place of L-carnitine in the organic acid urias, metry to medicine, although the complexity of the an area in which rapid developments are occurring. The underlying biochemistry and the genetic heterogeneity of emerging understanding of the aetiologies of the the organic acidurias was not then realised.Table of ContentsPreface.- Section I: Clinical aspects: management and outcome.- Neonatal management of organic acidurias. Clinical update (Hudson Memorial Lecture).- Long term outcome of organic acidurias: survey of 105 French cases (1967-1983).- The management and long term outcome of organic acidaemias.- Prenatal diagnosis of the organic acidurias.- Symptoms and signs in organic acidurias.- Section II: Dicarboxylic acidurias and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies.- Fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: enzyme measurement and studies on alternative metabolism.- Glutaric acidaemia type II (multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency).- Carnitine metabolism and inborn errors.- Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC—MS) diagnosis of 2 cases of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.- The differential diagnosis of dicarboxylic aciduria.- Animal models for dicarboxylic aciduria.- Section III: Disorders of the respiratory chain and the lactic acidaemias.- Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory chain: review.- Mitochondrial myopathies: disorders of the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation.- Lactic acidaemia.- Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.- Organic acids in urine of patients with congenital lactic acidoses: an aid to differential diagnosis.- Section IV: A new disorder: 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria.- Clinical review.- Biochemical findings.- Enzymology and mode of inheritance.- Section V: Short Communications.- Preface to Short Communications.- Free Communications.- Electron-transferring flavoprotein deficiency in the multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation disorders, glutaric aciduria type II and ethylmalonic-adipic aciduria.- Glutaric aciduria type II: multiple defects in isolated muscle mitochondria and deficient ?-oxidation in fibroblasts.- Glutaryl CoA dehydrogenase activity determined with intact electron-transport chain: application to glutaric aciduria type II.- Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: apparent Km and Vmax values for fibroblast acyl-CoA dehydrogenase towards octanoyl-CoA in patient and control cell lines.- Mitochondrial myopathy with partial cytochrome oxidase deficiency and impaired oxidation of NADH-linked substrates.- L-Carnitine insufficiency in disorders of organic acid metabolism: response to L-carnitine by patients with methylmalonic aciduria and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.- An evaluation of urine lactate for detection of inborn errors of metabolism.- Metabolic acidosis versus a compensation of respiratory alkalosis in four children with Leigh’s disease.- Chemical diagnosis of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase deficiency.- 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, 3-methylglutaconic and 3-methylglutaric acids can be non-specific indicators of metabolic disease.- Different organic acid patterns in urine and in cerebrospinal fluid in a patient with biotinidase deficiency.- Biotinidase deficiency: the possible role of biotinidase in the processing of dietary protein-bound biotin.- Biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD): deficient biotinidase activity associated with renal loss of biotin.- Organic acids in urine: sample preparation for GC/MS.- Experience with prenatal diagnosis of propionic acidaemia and methylmalonic aciduria.- Methylmalonic aciduria with homocystinuria.- Two cases of ß-ketothiolase deficiency: a comparison.- L-Glyceric aciduria (primary hyperoxaluria type 2) in siblings in two unrelated families.- The antenatal diagnosis and aid to the management of hereditary tyrosinaemia by use of a specific and sensitive GC—MS assay for succinylacetone.- The enzyme defects in hereditary tyrosinaemia type I.- The possibility for prenatal diagnosis of PKU by linkage analyses based on phenylalanine hydroxylase locus specific DNA-polymorphisms.- Complementation between argininosuccinate synthetase-deficient and argininosuccinate lyase-deficient fibroblasts depends on intercellular communication.- Molecular lesion of non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia.- Prolidase deficiency: detection of cases by a newborn urinary screening programme.- Type Ib glycogen storage disease: an in vivo and in vitro study of two cases.- The lactate concentration of the urine, a parameter for the adequacy of dietary treatment of patients with glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency.- Sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency in a family with congenital cataracts.- Thiamin-responsive megaloblastic anaemia: a disorder of thiamin transport?.- Acid esterase deficiency: comparison of biochemical findings in infantile and adult forms.- Steroid sulphatase deficiency. Steroid sulphatase and arylsulphatase C determination in normal and affected fibroblasts.- Steroid sulphatase deficiency is present in patients with the syndrome’ ichthyosis and male hypogonadism’ and with’ Rud syndrome’.

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Book SynopsisThis book tries to trace the course of social development in the child from birth to maturity. It assumes that the neonate comes into the world with the endowment and the need to contact others, to attach itself to the surrounding humans and by this very endowment enforces these humans to attach themselves to it. The book follows the main vicissitudes in this process and describes in short outlines some of the disturbing manifestations of failure at different ages in the smooth progress of socialization - the process by which the child adapts to the requirements of the social group of which he is a member. In accordance with recent studies the book stresses the influence on social development of the wider environment. It is no longer believed that the quality of the early mother­ child relationship exclusively determines all later develop­ ment. The book also surveys the present state of assessment and treatment methods and tries to indicate where short intervention by the developmental paediatrician might be sufficient and where more long-term intensive treatment by specialists would be needed. The author agrees with A. M. and A. D. B. Clarke (1976) that early experiences, though powerful, are not irreversible, and that with changes in environmental circumstances, and with under- 9 Social development standing of the main causal factors for the deviance, the effect of adverse early events may be modified and develop­ ment towards normal social progress may to some extent be restored.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements.- 1 Communicating with the infant.- 2 Attachment and the growth of fear.- 3 Separation experiences.- 4 First steps to independence.- 5 Who am I? The establishment of identity.- 6 The middle school years.- 7 Social adjustment in adolescence.- 8 Assessment and treatment.- References.

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Book SynopsisThe maltreatment of children is an issue that has always been with us and civilized societies provide a range of services both social and medical to care for the children and families afflicted. In recent years, greater attention has been drawn to the medical aspects by competent authorities in the fields of forensic medicine, forensic psychiatry, epidemiological psychiatry, child psychiatry and family psychiatry; as well as the social aspects by those child welfare and child care agencies who have the difficult and distasteful task of removing children, with the help of the courts, from parents who can abuse them and are not able to care for them adequately. A multitude of social agencies, whose range of ac­ tivities involve both the care and, where possible, the social betterment of afflicted families are now involved. Not least in importance is an increase in our global knowledge to help in the prevention or better treatment of these problems. This means more informa­ tion on familial and genetic factors in human central nervous system develop­ ment in its broadest sense. This would include how the central nervous system originates, mediates and controls the build up, speed of development and im­ pulsive release, mastery and direction of aggressive drives and impulses. Very little is so far known about these factors.Table of Contents1. Introduction — a child speaks.- 2. Child abuse and neglect — medical aspects.- 3. Radiological and pathological aspects of the battered child syndrome.- 4. Management of the problem.- 5. The epidemiology of child abuse.- 6. The extent of child abuse.- 7. The psychiatrist’s viewpoint.- 8. The psychological aspects of child abuse.- 9. The needs of children.- 10. Child abuse, neglect and deprivation and the family.- 11. Medical-legal and societal problems involving children — child prostitution, child pornography and drug-related abuse; recommended legislation.- 12. The contributions of the social agencies and the social worker.- 13. The emergence of the child as a legal entity.- Appendix J. E. Oliver.

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Book SynopsisThe study of inherited metabolic disease became a subject of more than academic interest in 1953 when Bickel, Gerrard and Hickmans dis­ covered that the totally disabling consequences of phenylketonuria could be prevented if treatment was instituted in the first months of life. This required the widespread screening of all newborn babies and 7 years later this had been successfully achieved in the United King­ dom. The next 10 years was a period of consolidation: screening methods were improved and extended to include other disorders; treatment of phenylketonuria was vastly improved with the stimulus of the increasing numbers of patients being detected, and research into new forms of therapy for some of the other disorders being detected has been initiated. The success of this scheme is illustrated by the remarkable achievement reported by the Phenylketonuria Registry referred to in the present volume. But at what cost has this progress been made? It is unnecessary to discuss the financial cost for many of the developments would not have been started if their economic value in the system of health care had not been unequivocally established.Table of ContentsThe Nature and Size of the Problem.- 1 The need for a national policy for the management of inherited metabolic disease.- 2 Genetic screening and allied services: structure, process and objective.- Present Methods of Management.- 3 The role of the paediatrician.- 4 Management of dietary treatment in the home.- 5 Residential management.- Community Reaction to Present Practice.- 6 Parent reaction to medical care and screening.- 7 Screening for Tay—Sachs disease.- 8 Genetic counselling clinics.- 9 The coming of the second genetic code: eugenic abortion in the United Kingdom.- Aspects of Management Requiring Central Policy.- 10 The basis for prescriptive screening.- 11 Resources for nutritional treatment: basic principles and a national ‘Food Bank’.- 12 Detection of heterozygotes.- 13 Prenatal diagnosis.- 14 The phenylketonuria register for the United Kingdom.- 15 Computerized central registers.- 16 Mechanized storage and retrieval of information.- 17 Computer-aided diagnosis of inherited metabolic disease.- The Fourth Milner Lecture.- 18 The biochemical autopsy: a tool for studies of genetically-determined brain disorders.

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Book SynopsisThe rapid growth of immunology has greatly increased our understanding of disease; this growth has also generated a subject which at times appears separated from some of the basic medical sciences. Recent studies in the areas of purine metabolism and of polymorphonuclear neutrophil phago­ cyte function have, however, linked immunology and clinical medicine with biochemistry. The precise defects of the inborn errors of metabolism have now provided good evidence for the importance of purine metabolism specifically the enzymes adenosine deaminase and nucleoside phosphorylase in lymphocyte function. In view of this and the steady advance of clinical and biochemical investigation of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil phago­ cyte, it appeared timely to review the inborn errors of immunity and phagocytosis at the fifteenth annual symposium of the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism at Elsinore, Denmark on September II-14th, I~77. The papers presented at that meeting form the basis of this volume which brings together contributions from immunologists, biochemists and clinicians. This interdisciplinary communication should be helpful to those concerned with immune function in their patients or in the laboratory. The book is divided into four sections, One: defects of cell-mediated immunity, Two: enzyme defects and immunodeficiency, Three: disorders of non-specific immunity and Four: screening for immunodeficiency. Section One contains two reviews, one on immunodeficiency from Robert Good's group in New York and another on the genetics of the immune system from Arne Svejgaard of Copenhagen.Table of ContentsSection One Defects of Cell-mediated Immunity.- 1 Immunodeficiency diseases — a review.- 2 Genetics of the immune system.- Section Two Enzyme Defects and Immunodeficiency.- 3 Inborn errors of specific immunity: adenosine deaminase deficiency and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency — The Milner Lecture.- 4 Adenosine deaminase deficiency: enzyme replacement therapy and investigations of the biochemical basis of immunodeficiency.- 5 Prenatal diagnosis and heterozygote detection in adenosine deaminase deficiency.- 6 Pathogenic mechanisms in deficiencies of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase.- 7 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency associated with cellular immunodeficiency: immunological studies during treatment.- 8 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency associated with cellular immunodeficiency: metabolic studies during treatment.- 9 Severe combined immunodeficiency with B lymphocytes: a selective defect of precursor T cells.- 10 Purine metabolism and the control of lymphocyte proliferation. Effects of exogenous adenosine on normal human lymphocytes.- 11 Activity of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in lymphocytes of man, horse and cattle.- 12 Ageing and activities of purine metabolizing enzymes in leukocytes.- 13 Immune function in Down’s syndrome.- Section Three Disorders of Non-specific Immunity.- 14 Morphological and biochemical alterations of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) leukocytes from patients with inborn errors of phagocytic function: a comprehensive review.- 15 Experimental approaches to the role of mononuclear phagocytes in non-specific immunity.- 16 Molecular bases of the metabolic excitability of phagocytes.- 17 Chronic granulomatous disease — biochemistry with special reference to oxygen metabolism.- 18 The protective role of glutathione.- 19 Defective initiation of the metabolic stimulation in phagocytizing granulocytes.- 20 Modification of genetic expression in phagocytes.- 21 Neutrophil granulocyte chemotaxis in a reversible Boyden chamber.- 22 Simplified tests of leukocytic function.- 23 Antigen-induced neutrophil dysfunction in a patient with chronic eczema, recurrent ‘cold’ staphylococcal infections and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E.- 24 Lack of myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination in granulocytes from a patient with generalized pustular psoriasis.- 25 Functional characteristics of neutrophil granulocytes from children with recurrent respiratory infections.- 26 Pneumocystis carinii infection in a girl with chronic granulomatous disease treated with transfusions of granulocytes.- Discussion.- Section Four Screening for Immunodeficiency.- Round Table Discussion.

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