Optical physics Books
Imperial College Press Modern Foundations Of Quantum Optics
Book SynopsisThis textbook offers a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the basic ideas in modern quantum optics, beginning with a review of the whole of optics, and culminating in the quantum description of light. The book emphasizes the phenomenon of interference as the key to understanding the behavior of light, and discusses distinctions between the classical and quantum nature of light. Laser operation is reviewed at great length and many applications are covered, such as laser cooling, Bose condensation and the basics of quantum information and teleportation. Quantum mechanics is introduced in detail using the Dirac notation, which is explained from first principles. In addition, a number of non-standard topics are covered such as the impossibility of a light-based Maxwell's demon, the derivation of the Second Law of thermodynamics from the first-order time-dependent quantum perturbation theory, and the concept of Berry's phase. The book emphasizes the physical basics much more than the formal mathematical side, and is ideal for a first, yet in-depth, introduction to the subject. Five sets of problems with solutions are included to further aid understanding of the subject.Trade Review"I can hardly think of a more congenial approach to quantum optics, to its concepts, methods, applications and overlaps with fascinating new research areas. The book is remarkably thorough and up-to-date, and it is written with exemplary clarity, enthusiasm and care. The author combines richness of insight and depth of argument with accessible style and genuine originality of presentation. I am sure Modern Foundations of Quantum Optics will repay the attention of every reader, whether beginner or expert." Artur Ekert Leigh Trapnell Professor of Quantum Physics University of Cambridge, UK "... It is beautifully laid out and written in a manner that makes one just want to go on reading. The footnotes are a joy -- they offer wonderful insights, additional information, alternative scenarios and sometimes humorous comments ... For my money, Vedral's book is definitely the one for the desert island ..." Karen Kirkby Times Higher Education SupplementTable of ContentsFrom Geometry to the Quantum; Introduction to Lasers; Properties of Light: Blackbody Radiation; Interaction of Light with Matter I; Basic Optical Processes -- Still Classical; More Detailed Principles of Lasers; Interaction of Light with Matter II; Two Level Systems; Field Quantization; Interaction of Light with Matter III; Some Recent Applications of Quantum Optics; Closing Lines; Problems and Solutions.
£41.80
Green Lion Press Optics
Book Synopsis"The Optics" was a product of Kepler's most creative period. It began as an attempt to give astronomical optics a solid foundation, but soon transcended this narrow goal to become a complete reconstruction of the theory of light, the physiology of vision, and the mathematics of refraction. The result is a work of extraordinary breadth whose significance transcends most categories into which it might be placed. It gives us precious insight into Kepler's thought during this crucial period, an insight all the more valuable in that most of his working papers from that time have been lost. Second, it is the culmination of a long and rich tradition in the science of optics, in distinct contrast with the new optical thought represented by Descartes. And third, it presents discoveries in the physiology of vision, photometry, and the geometry of conic sections which have become part of our intellectual heritage. Especially notable are Kepler's discovery of the inverted retinal image, his theoretical grounding of the inverse-square photometric law, and his insights into the relations between the various conic sections.
£41.40
University Science Books,U.S. ABCs of FT-NMR
Book SynopsisThe primary purpose of this book is to help you understand what is going on in Fourier Transform (FT) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Modern life is now very largely life with "black boxes" that carry warning labels: "No user-serviceable parts inside". Many find black boxes to be quite acceptable, at least as long as they work. But how willing should we be to accept black-box analyses without some understanding of how those analyses were obtained? NMR spectrometers are like "black boxes" in that they offer many standardized procedures, but it can be dangerous to the quality of your data if you rely slavishly on such procedures without understanding how and why the proper parameter choices are critical. The scope of this book is broad rather than deep with the intention of providing helpful insight. Much can be understood in a more qualitative way and that is the approach taken here. For those few areas where a quantitative approach is needed, simple mathematics will usually suffice. This book has been used as a text for “Basic FT-NMR Spectroscopy” at the California Institute of Technology for the last ten years.Table of Contents1. Some NMR Basics 2. Electromagnetic Basics of NMR 3. How Do We Perform the NMR Fourier Transform? 4. The Bloch Equations. Calculating What Happens in NMR Experiments 5. The NMR Fourier Transform and its Problems 6. Relaxation and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect 7. Pulse Experiments in One-Dimensional NMR Spectra 8. NMR Spectroscopy in Two Dimensions 9. Some Thoughts on Spin-Spin Splitting 10. Some Thoughts About Chemical Shifts 11. Measurement of Rates by NMR Index
£35.62
BookLife Publishing Light and Dark
Book SynopsisThe Young Explorers series explores key first science topics via engaging text and informative diagrams. Springs introduces early learners to simple forces via the use of everyday materials. Find out how rubber, metal and plastic materials can transform in shape by simply squashing, bending or stretching them.
£12.59
Brepols N.V. Optics and Astronomy: Proceedings of the Xxth
Book Synopsis
£51.30
Taylor & Francis Ltd Organic Thin Films for Waveguiding Nonlinear
Book SynopsisThis work deals with the science and technology related to the application of thin organic films to the nonlinear optical processing of information and data storage. Organic materials offer several advantages: they exhibit high nonlinearity, can be easily made and integrated with semiconductor technology and are low in cost. This book offers an introduction for newcomers and gives the state of the art for those active in the area.Table of ContentsPreface, Notations and Symbols, 1. Introduction, 2. Design, Properties and Applications of Nonlinear Optical Chromophores, 3. Relations Between Structure and Third-Order Nonlinearities of Molecules and Polymers, 4. Oriented Molecular Systems, 5. Orientational Order, Poling, and Relaxation in Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers, 6. Liquid Crystalline Polymers, 7. Epitaxy and Single Crystal Growth, 8. Poled Polymers for z<2> Applications, 9. Characterization Techniques of Nonlinear Optical Thin Films, 10. Ultrafast Responses in Various Conjugated Polymers with Large Optical Nonlinearity, 11. Design and Characterization of Organic Waveguides for Passive and Active Optical Devices, 12. Frequency Doubling and Parametric Interactions in Organic Thin Films, 13. All-Optical Materials and Devices, Appendix, Index
£451.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors
Book SynopsisThis timely work presents a comprehensive overview of the development of new generations of infrared detectors based on artificially synthesized quantum structures. The growth of quantum wells and superlattices is well documents in this volume, as are the principal new superlattice technologies for long wavelength infrared detection. Featuring insightful contributions from researchers working at the "cutting edge" of this exciting field, this volume is sure to become an essential reference for advanced graduate students and researchers alike.Table of ContentsAbout the Series, Preface, Introduction, 1 The Basic Physics of Photoconductive Quantum Well, 2 Growth and Characterization of GalnP/GaAs, 3 Metal Grating Coupled Bound-to Miniband Transition, 4 Grating Coupled Quantum Well Infrared Detectors, 5 Normal Incidence Detection of Infrared Radiation, 6 N-Type III—V Multiple-Quantum-Well Detectors, 7 Infrared Detectors Based on GalnSb/InAs Superlattices, 8 Novel InTlSb Infrared Detectors, Index
£90.24
Ibex Press The Unified Principle of Colour
Book Synopsis
£19.79
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Chaos, Complexity and Leadership 2017:
Book SynopsisThe proceedings of the 2017 Symposium on Chaos, Complexity and Leadership illuminate current research results and academic work from the fields of physics, mathematics, education, economics, as well as management and social sciences. The text explores chaotic and complex systems, as well as chaos and complexity theory in view of their applicability to management and leadership.This proceedings explores non-linearity as well as data-modelling and simulation in order to uncover new approaches and perspectives. Effort will not be spared in bringing theory into practice while exploring leadership and management-laden concepts. This book will cover the analysis of different chaotic developments from different fields within the concepts of chaos and complexity theory. Researchers and students in the field will find answers to questions surrounding these intertwined and compelling fields.Table of Contents
£161.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG The Quantum Mechanics Solver: How to Apply Quantum Theory to Modern Physics
Book SynopsisMotivates students by challenging them with real-life applications of the somtimes esoteric aspects of quantum mechanics that they are learning. Offers completely original excerices developed at teh Ecole Polytechnique in France, which is know for its innovative and original teaching methods. Problems from modern physics to help the student apply just-learnt theory to fields such as molecular physics, condensed matter physics or laser physics.Table of ContentsPart I Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms. 1 Matter-wave Interferences with Molecules. 2 Neutron Interferometry. 3 Analysis of a Stern–Gerlach Experiment. 4 Spectroscopic Measurements on a Neutron Beam. 5 Measuring the Electron Magnetic Moment Anomaly. 6 Atomic Clocks. 7 The Spectrum of Positronium. 8 Neutrino Transformations in the Sun. 9 The Hydrogen Atom in Crossed Fields. 10 Energy Loss of Ions in Matter. Part II Quantum Entanglement and Measurement. 11 The EPR Problem and Bell’s Inequality. 12 Quantum Correlations in a Multi-Particle System. 13 A Non-Destructive Bomb Detector. 14 Direct Observation of Field Quantization. 15 Schrödinger’s Cat. 16 Quantum Cryptography. 17 Ideal Quantum Measurement. 18 The Quantum Eraser. 19 A Quantum Thermometer. 20 Laser Cooling and Trapping. Part III Complex Systems. 21 Exact Results for the Three-Body Problem. 22 Properties of a Bose–Einstein Condensate. 23 Quantized Vortices. 24 Motion in a Periodic Potential and Bloch Oscillations. 25 Magnetic Excitons. 26 A Quantum Box. 27 Colored Molecular Ions. 28 Hyperfine Structure in Electron Spin Resonance. 29 Probing Matter with Positive Muons. 30 Quantum Reflection of Atoms from a Surface. Part IV Appendix. 31 Memento of Quantum Mechanics.
£42.74
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Tensor Network Contractions: Methods and Applications to Quantum Many-Body Systems
Book SynopsisTensor network is a fundamental mathematical tool with a huge range of applications in physics, such as condensed matter physics, statistic physics, high energy physics, and quantum information sciences. This open access book aims to explain the tensor network contraction approaches in a systematic way, from the basic definitions to the important applications. This book is also useful to those who apply tensor networks in areas beyond physics, such as machine learning and the big-data analysis. Tensor network originates from the numerical renormalization group approach proposed by K. G. Wilson in 1975. Through a rapid development in the last two decades, tensor network has become a powerful numerical tool that can efficiently simulate a wide range of scientific problems, with particular success in quantum many-body physics. Varieties of tensor network algorithms have been proposed for different problems. However, the connections among different algorithms are not well discussed or reviewed. To fill this gap, this book explains the fundamental concepts and basic ideas that connect and/or unify different strategies of the tensor network contraction algorithms. In addition, some of the recent progresses in dealing with tensor decomposition techniques and quantum simulations are also represented in this book to help the readers to better understand tensor network. This open access book is intended for graduated students, but can also be used as a professional book for researchers in the related fields. To understand most of the contents in the book, only basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and linear algebra is required. In order to fully understand some advanced parts, the reader will need to be familiar with notion of condensed matter physics and quantum information, that however are not necessary to understand the main parts of the book. This book is a good source for non-specialists on quantum physics to understand tensor network algorithms and the related mathematics. Trade Review“This book is particularly suitable for students and researchers who are new in this field. It is a timely book that provides a concise introduction of the important topics in this brand-new field with promising prospects. Furthermore, the book provides an up-to-date brief review, which is well suited as a reference for experience researchers.” (Hong-Hao Tu, zbMATH 1442.81003, 2020)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Tensor Network: Basic Definitions and Properties.- Two-Dimensional Tensor Networks and Contraction Algorithms.- Tensor Network Approaches for Higher-Dimensional Quantum Lattice Models.- Tensor Network Contraction and Multi-Linear Algebra.- Quantum Entanglement Simulation Inspired by Tensor Network.- Summary.
£42.74
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Morphogenesis Deconstructed: An Integrated View of the Generation of Forms
Book SynopsisThis book is about morphogenesis as the genesis of forms. It is not restricted to plants growing from seed or animals developing from an embryo (although these do supply the most abundant examples) but also addresses kindred processes, from inorganic to social to biomorphic technology. It is about our morphogenetic universe: unplanned, unfair and frustratingly complicated but benevolent in allowing us to emerge, survive, and inquire into its laws.Table of ContentsMorphogenetic Universe.- Aggregation.- Broken Symmetry.- Life Evolves.- Cells in Motion.- Cells United.- Communication.- Biomorphic Technologies.
£44.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Quantum Photonics
Book SynopsisPhotonics is the discipline of electrons and photons working in tandem to create new physics, new devices and new applications. This textbook employs a pedagogical approach that facilitates access to the fundamentals of quantum photonics. Beginning with a review of the quantum properties of photons and electrons, the book then introduces the concept of their non-locality at the quantum level. It presents a determination of electronic band structure using the pseudopotential method, enabling the student to directly compute the band structures of most group IV, group III-V, and group II-VI semiconductors. The book devotes further in-depth discussion of second quantization of the electromagnetic field that describes spontaneous and stimulated emission of photons, quantum entanglement and introduces the topic of quantum cascade lasers, showing how electrons and photons interact in a quantum environment to create a practical photonic device.This extended second edition includes a detailed description of the link between quantum photon states and the macroscopic electric field. It describes the particle qualities of quantum electrons via their unique operator algebra and distinguishable behavior from photons, and employs these fundamentals to describe the quantum point contact, which is the quantum analogue of a transistor and the basic building block of all nanoscopic circuits, such as electron interferometers.Pearsall’s Quantum Photonics is supported by numerous numerical calculations that can be repeated by the reader, and every chapter features a reference list of state-of-the art research and a set of exercises. This textbook is an essential part of any graduate-level course dealing with the theory of nanophotonic devices or computational physics of solid-state quantum devices based on nanoscopic structures.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Electrons.- Photons.- Free Electron Behaviour in Semiconductor Heterostructures.- Electronic Energy Levels in Crystalline Semiconductors.- The Harmonic Oscillator and Quantization of Electromagnetic Fields.- Entanglement and Non-locality of Quantum Photonics.- Lasers.- Quantum Cascade Lasers - a Concerto for Quantum Photonics.- Nonlinear Optics: Second-Harmonic Generation and Parametric Oscillation.- Coherent States – From Single Photons to Beams of Light.- Quantum Fermions.- Single Electron Building Blocks for Quantum Electron Circuits.
£49.49
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Physics of Nonlinear Optics
Book SynopsisThe book is designed to serve as a textbook for courses offered to upper-undergraduate students enrolled in physics. The first edition of this book was published in 2014. As there is a demand for the next edition, it is quite natural to take note of the several advances that have occurred in the subject over the past five years and to decide which of these are appropriate for inclusion at the textbook level, given the fundamental nature and the significance of the subject area. This is the prime motivation for bringing out a revised second edition. Among the newer mechanisms and materials, the book introduces the super-continuum generation, which arises from an excellent interplay of the various mechanisms of optical nonlinearity. The topics covered in this book are quantum mechanics of nonlinear interaction of matter and radiation, formalism and phenomenology of nonlinear wave mixing processes, optical phase conjugation and applications, self-focusing and self-phase modulation and their role in pulse modification, nonlinear absorption mechanisms, and optical limiting applications, photonic switching and bi-stability, and physical mechanisms leading to a nonlinear response in a variety of materials. This book has emerged from an attempt to address the requirement of presenting the subject at the college level. This textbook includes rigorous features such as the elucidation of relevant basic principles of physics; a clear exposition of the ideas involved at an appropriate level; coverage of the physical mechanisms of non-linearity; updates on physical mechanisms and emerging photonic materials and emphasis on the experimental study of nonlinear interactions. The detailed coverage and pedagogical tools make this an ideal textbook for students and researchers enrolled in physics and related courses.Table of Contents1 From Optics to Photonics 1.1 The Charm and Challenge of Modern Optics 1.2 The Nature of Optical Non-linearity 1.3 Overcoming the Materials Bottleneck 1.4 The Expanding Frontiers 1.5 Problems and Prospects 1.6 Explorations 2 A Phenomenological View of Nonlinear Optics 2.1 Optics in the Nonlinear World 2.1.1 Introduction 2.1.2 First Order Susceptibility 2.1.3 Second Order Susceptibility 2.1.4 Third Order Susceptibility 2.2 Time Domain Response 2.2.1 First Order Polarization- Time Domain Response 2.2.2 Second Order Polarization - Time Domain Response 2.3 Frequency Domain Response 2.3.1 First Order Susceptibility 2.3.2 Second Order Susceptibility 2.3.3 General Order (n) Susceptibility 2.4 The nth order polarization 2.5 Monochromatic Waves 2.6 Calculation of the Factor K 2.6.1 Optical Rectification 2.6.2 Second Harmonic Generation 2.6.3 Pockels Effect 2.6.4 Frequency Mixing : Sum and Difference Frequency generation 2.6.5 Third Harmonic Generation 2.6.6 Nondegenerate Four Wave Mixing 2.7 Explorations 3. Symmetry and Susceptibility 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Crystal Symmetry and Susceptibility Tensors 3.2.1 Neumann Principle 3.2.2 Symmetry of Second Order Susceptibility 3.2.3 Second Harmonic Generation 3.2.4 Kleinmann Symmetry 3.2.5 Symmetry of Third Order Susceptibility 3.3 The Dielectric Permittivity Tensor 3.4 The Refractive Index Ellipsoid 3.5 Explorations 4 Calculation of Non-linear Susceptibilities 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Physical Quantities in Quantum Physics 4.1.2 The Projection Operator 4.2 The Equation of Motion 4.3 Ensembles of Particles 4.4 Time-dependent Perturbation 4.5 Dipolar Interaction 4.6 First Order Density Matrix 4.7 Second Order Density Matrix 4.8 Third order Density Matrix 4.9 Double Integrals in the Expressions for the Density Matrix 4.10 Second Harmonic Susceptibility 4.11 Relaxation Effects 4.12 Applications to Color Centers 4.12.1 Third Order Susceptibility 4.12.3 Second Order Susceptibility 4.13. Explorations 5 Nonlinear Wave Mixing Processes 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Elements of Electromagnetism 5.3 Travelling Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space 5.3.1 Energy Density in the Travelling Wave 5.4 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Linear Materials 5.5 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Nonlinear Materials 5.5.1 The Wave Equation 5.5.2 Energy Transfer Rate 5.6 Three Wave Mixing 5.6.1 An Approximation 5.7 Second Harmonic Generation 5.7.1 Phase Matching Schemes 5.7.2 Accurate Treatment of Second Harmonic Generation 5.8 Explorations 6 Optical Phase Conjugation and Bi-stability 6.1 Optical Phase Conjugation 6.1.1 Phase Conjugation as Time reversal 6.1.2 Phase Conjugation through Four-wave-mixing 6.1.3 Practical Realization 6.1.4 The Peculiar Properties of the Phase Conjugate Beam 6.1.5 The Grating Picture 6.1.6 Applications of Phase Conjugation 6.2 Optical Bi-stability and Photonic Switching 6.2.1 Refractive Index at High Intensities : An Overview 6.2.2. Fabry-Perot Etalon 6.2.2 Photonic Switching in a Nonlinear Fabry-Perot Etalon 6.3 Explorations 7 Self Focusing, Phase Modulation and Pulse Shaping 7.1 Self Focusing of Light 7.1.1 The Concept of Self Focusing 7.1.2 Self Trapping and Spatial Solitons 7.1.3 The z-Scan Experiment 7.1.4 Analysis of the z-scan trace 7.1.5 Measurement of Nonlinear Optical Absorption 7.1.6 Mechanisms of Nonlinear Absorption 7.2 Self Phase Modulation 7.3 Pulse Shaping and Optical Soliton Propagation 7.3.1 Solitary Waves and Optical Solitons 7.4 Explorations 8 Materials and Mechanisms 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Mechanisms of Non-linearity 8.2.1 Anharmonicity of Potential 8.2.2 Thermal Mechanism 8.2.3 Orientational Mechanism 8.2.4 Inelastic Photon Scattering 8.2.5 Photorefractivity 8.2.6 Saturable Absorption 8.2.7 Band Gap Distortion (Franz-Keldysh Effect) 8.2.8 Band filling Mechanism 8.2.9 Non-parabolicity of Bands 8.2.10 Delocalization of Electrons 8.3 A Perspective on Newer Materials and Mechanisms 8.3.1 Low Dimensional Materials 8.3.2 Photonic Bandgap Materials 8.3.3 Slowing of light and the effect on non-linearity 8.3.4 Super-continuum Generation 8.4 Explorations 9. Basics of Multi-photon Microscopy 9.1 Introduction 9.2. Techniques for Bio-imaging with High resolution 9.2.1 Fluorescence Microscopy 9.2.2 Confocal Scanning Microscopy 9.3. Multi-photon Microscopy with IR Laser Sources 9.3.1 Principles and Experimental Techniques 9.3.2 Fluorescent Labels in Microscopy 9.4 Use of Multiphoton Absorption in Quantum Dots 9.5 Outlook 9.6 Explorations
£47.49
Springer Nature Switzerland AG New Frontiers for Design of Interior Lighting Products
Book SynopsisThis book explores the single components that commonly constitute luminaires for interiors, describing their operating principles, families, strengths and weaknesses. It opens with the product classification and main standard requirements. The following chapters describe the different components: light sources, power supplies, thermal dissipation techniques, control technologies, optical systems. The description focuses on the most recent technologies to allow the reader to consider a product design capable of confronting future lighting scenarios. The book provides a simple path addressed to all those who want to try their hand at designing luminaires for interiors, even without a specific engineering background.
£49.49
Springer International Publishing AG Nonlinear Dynamics and Quantum Chaos: An
Book SynopsisThis book presents a clear and concise introduction to the field of nonlinear dynamics and chaos, suitable for graduate students in mathematics, physics, chemistry, engineering, and in natural sciences in general. This second edition includes additional material and in particular a new chapter on dissipative nonlinear systems. The book provides a thorough and modern introduction to the concepts of dynamical systems' theory combining in a comprehensive way classical and quantum mechanical description. It is based on lectures on classical and quantum chaos held by the author at Heidelberg and Parma University. The book contains exercises and worked examples, which make it ideal for an introductory course for students as well as for researchers starting to work in the field.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Fundamental terminology.- Complexity.- Classical versus quantum dynamics.- Problems.- References.- Dynamical systems.- Evolution law.- One-dimensional maps.- Problems.- References.- Nonlinear Hamiltonian systems.- Integrable examples.- Hamiltonian formalism.- Important techniques in the Hamiltonian formalism.- Integrable systems.- Non-integrable systems.- Perturbation of low-dimensional systems.- Canonical perturbation theory.- Transition to chaos in Hamiltonian systems.- Criteria for local and global chaos.- Appendix.- Problems.- References.- Dissipative systems - Introduction - Fixed points - Fixed point scenarios in two dimensional systems - Damped Oscillators - Harmonic oscillator - Nonlinear oscillators - Nonlinear damping - Poincaré-Bendixson Theorem - Damped forced oscillators - Driven one-Dimensional harmonic oscillator - Duffing oscillator - Lorenz model for turbulence - Fractals - Simple examples - Box-counting dimension - Examples from nature - Bifurcation scenarios - Examples of pitchfork bifurcations - Tangent bifurcations - Transcritical bifurcations - Higher-order bifurcations - Hopft bifurcations - Intermittency - Coupled Oscillators - Synchronisation - Kuramoto model - Increasing complexity - Problems - References. -Aspects of quantum chaos.- Introductory remarks on quantum mechanics.- Semiclassical quantization of integrable systems.- Semiclassical description of non-integrable systems.- Wave functions in phase space.- Anderson and dynamical localization.- Universal level statistics.- Concluding remarks.- Appendix.- Problems.- References.- Index.
£49.49
Springer International Publishing AG Introduction to Photoelectron Angular
Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to photoelectron angular distributions and their use in the laboratory to study light-matter interactions. Photoelectron angular distribution measurements are useful because they can shed light on atomic and molecular electronic configurations and system dynamics, as well as provide information about quantum transition amplitudes and relative phases that are not obtainable from other types of measurements. For example, recent measurements of molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions have been used to extract photoelectron emission delays in the attosecond range which can provide ultra-sensitive maps of molecular potentials. Additionally, photoelectron angular distribution measurements are an essential tool for studying negative ions. Here, the author presents a detailed, yet easily accessible, theoretical background necessary for experimentalists performing photoelectron angular distribution measurements to better understand their results. The various physical influences on photoelectron angular distributions are revealed through analytical models with the use of angular momentum coupling algebra and spherical tensor operators. The classical and quantum treatments of photoelectron angular distributions are covered clearly and systematically, and the book includes, as well, a chapter on relativistic interactions. Furthermore, the primary methods used to measure photoelectron angular distributions in the laboratory, such as photodetachment electron spectroscopy, velocity-map imaging, and cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy, are described. This book features introductory material as well as new insights on the topic, such as the use of angular momentum transfer theory to understand the process of photoelectron detachment in atoms and molecules. Including key derivations, worked examples, and additional exercises for readers to try on their own, this book serves as both a critical guide for young researchers entering the field and as a useful reference for experienced practitioners.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Angular Momentum in Quantum Mechanics.- Chapter 3. Classical Model of Photoelectron Angular Distributions.- Chapter 4. Quantum Treatment of Photoelectron Angular Distributions (Dipole Approximation).- Chapter 5. Higher-order Multipole Terms in Photoelectron Angular Distributions.- Chapter 6. Relativistic Theory of Photoelectron Angular Distributions.- Chapter 7. Angular Momentum Transfer Theory.- Chapter 8. Molecular Photoelectron Angular Distributions.- Chapter 9. Measuring Photoelectron Angular Distributions in the Laboratory.- Chapter 10. Applications of Photoelectron Angular Distribution Measurements.
£116.99
Springer International Publishing AG Progress in Nanophotonics 7
Book SynopsisAbout this bookThis book features a collection of reviews focusing on interrelated topics in nano-optics and nanophononics written by some of the world's leading scientists in these fields. The book discusses recent results of numerical investigations of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale using first-principles calculations. Additionally, it reviews selected topics in the areas of nanophotonic devices based on functional nanoparticles for energy harvesting and the development of photo materials for advanced applications in optics and nanotechnologies. Finally, the book reviews the experimental development of quantum-dot single-photon sources on integrated photonic circuits and looks at applications in quantum information processing and quantum information distribution based on color center in diamond.Table of Contents
£104.49
Springer International Publishing AG Fundamentals of Optical Waves and Lasers
Book SynopsisThis book discusses light, its properties as an electromagnetic wave, interaction with matter, and laser as an optical device. The first part discussions include qualitative arguments such as pictorial representations of the wave dynamics and analogy to other oscillatory systems to facilitate an intuitive understanding of the topics. The second part reviews light-matter interaction. It introduces the light-matter interaction while introducing the particular behavior of light, known as the photon, reviewing various properties of light waves resulting from the interaction with matters including the propagation of light in media. The last two sections focus on the fundamentals of lasers and the practical uses of lasers, including several techniques to control the spatial and temporal characteristics of laser beams. This book discusses acoustic waves' characteristics so that we can deepen our understanding of acoustic waves.Table of ContentsReview of wave dynamics.- Light as EM wave.- Light Matter interaction.- Properties of light.- Light propagation.- Lasers.- Various Techniques.
£49.49
Springer International Publishing AG Fourier Optics and Computational Imaging
Book SynopsisThe book is designed to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in physics and electronics and communication engineering and mathematics. The book provides an introduction to Fourier optics in light of new developments in the area of computational imaging over the last couple of decades. There is an in-depth discussion of mathematical methods such as Fourier analysis, linear systems theory, random processes, and optimization-based image reconstruction techniques. These techniques are very much essential for a better understanding of the working of computational imaging systems. It discusses topics in Fourier optics, e.g., diffraction phenomena, coherent and incoherent imaging systems, and some aspects of coherence theory. These concepts are then used to describe several system ideas that combine optical hardware design and image reconstruction algorithms, such as digital holography, iterative phase retrieval, super-resolution imaging, point spread function engineering for enhanced depth-of-focus, projection-based imaging, single-pixel or ghost imaging, etc. The topics covered in this book can provide an elementary introduction to the exciting area of computational imaging for students who may wish to work with imaging systems in their future careers.Trade Review“This book is addressed mainly to undergraduate and Ph.D. students interested in the topics of Fourier optics and imaging, which are of paramount importance in optics.” (Daniela Dragoman, optica-opn.org, August 10, 2023)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Fourier series and transform.- Sampling Theorem.- Operational introduction to Fast Fourier Transform.- Linear systems formalism and introduction to inverse problems in imaging.- Constrained optimization methods for image recovery.- Random processes.- Geometrical Optics Essentials .- Wave equation and introduction to diffraction of light.- The angular spectrum method.
£85.49
Springer International Publishing AG Fourier Optics and Computational Imaging
Book SynopsisThe book is designed to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in physics and electronics and communication engineering and mathematics. The book provides an introduction to Fourier optics in light of new developments in the area of computational imaging over the last couple of decades. There is an in-depth discussion of mathematical methods such as Fourier analysis, linear systems theory, random processes, and optimization-based image reconstruction techniques. These techniques are very much essential for a better understanding of the working of computational imaging systems. It discusses topics in Fourier optics, e.g., diffraction phenomena, coherent and incoherent imaging systems, and some aspects of coherence theory. These concepts are then used to describe several system ideas that combine optical hardware design and image reconstruction algorithms, such as digital holography, iterative phase retrieval, super-resolution imaging, point spread function engineering for enhanced depth-of-focus, projection-based imaging, single-pixel or ghost imaging, etc. The topics covered in this book can provide an elementary introduction to the exciting area of computational imaging for students who may wish to work with imaging systems in their future careers.Trade Review“This book is addressed mainly to undergraduate and Ph.D. students interested in the topics of Fourier optics and imaging, which are of paramount importance in optics.” (Daniela Dragoman, optica-opn.org, August 10, 2023)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Fourier series and transform.- Sampling Theorem.- Operational introduction to Fast Fourier Transform.- Linear systems formalism and introduction to inverse problems in imaging.- Constrained optimization methods for image recovery.- Random processes.- Geometrical Optics Essentials .- Wave equation and introduction to diffraction of light.- The angular spectrum method.
£56.99
Springer International Publishing AG Photon Counting Computed Tomography: Clinical
Book SynopsisThis book will provide readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of Photon Counting CT technology for X-ray medical imaging, especially as it pertains to new detectors. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in CT medical imaging. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the X-ray signal into analogue/digital value will be covered in some chapters. The authors also provide a review of CMOS chips for X-ray image sensors, methods of material discrimination and image reconstruction techniques. Covers a broad range of topics, including an introduction to novel spectral Computed Tomography; Includes in-depth analysis on how to optimize X-ray detection; Discusses analysis of electronics for X-ray detection. Table of ContentsTBD
£66.49
Springer International Publishing AG Springer Series in Light Scattering: Volume 9:
Book SynopsisThe book is aimed at description of recent progress in studies of light extinction, absorption, and scattering in turbid media. In particular, light scattering/oceanic optics/planetary optics research communities are greatly benefit from the publication of this book.Table of ContentsExtinction of electromagnetic waves by bounded targets: local and far-field definitions, measurements, generalizations and paradoxes.- Light scattering by large densely packed clusters of particles.- The volume scattering function of particles in the oceans.- Light backscattering by atmospheric particles: from laboratory to field experiments.- Local optical properties of turbid media and their influence on radiative transfer processes.- The study of planetary surface materials using reflectance spectroscopy.
£98.99
Springer International Publishing AG Facts of Matter and Light: Ten Physics
Book Synopsis. The main aim of this book is to shine a spotlight on key experiments and their crucial importance for advancing our understanding of physics. Physics is an empirical science, and experiments have always been a driving force in the development of our understanding of nature. Facts matter. In that sense, the book attempts to be complementary to the many popularizations of theoretical physics, and to counterbalance the frequent emphasis there on more speculative ideas.Experimental physics is also an essential pillar in physics teaching, as well as helping broader audiences to better understand important concepts, particularly in challenging fields such as relativity or quantum physics, where our common sense intuition often fails.Readers are taken on an historical journey, starting with “Free Fall” and culminating in “Spooky Action at a Distance”. En route they will encounter many important branches of physics, whose main ideas and theoretical description will be given a more empirical meaning. At the end, the reader is invited to reflect on what could be exciting and important directions for fundamental physics. All readers with an undergraduate degree in physical sciences or engineering will enjoy and learn much from this stimulating and original text.Table of Contents1 The Winners Are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Free Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 Equality of Gravitational and Inertial Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2 Galileo’s Experiments on Free Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.3 Newton’s Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.3.1 Looking up at the Sky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.3.2 Newton’s Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.4 Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Electromagnetic and Optical Unification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.1 Electromagnetic Phenomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.2 Induction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.3 The Field Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.4 Electromagnetic Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.5 Unification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Looking at Fluctuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.1 Natural Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.2 Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324.3 Limit theorems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.4 Brownian Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.4.1 The Random Walk as a Diffusion Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.4.2 Sutherland–Einstein Relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.5 Perrin’s Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.6 Fluctuation–Dissipation Relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.1 Standard Hydrogen Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465.2 Black Body Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525.3 Photoelectric Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54xixii Contents5.4 Compton Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585.5 Specific Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605.6 Spin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 Wave-like Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676.1 Early light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696.1.1 Young’s Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696.1.2 On the French side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.1.3 Interacting Newton Bullets? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736.2 X-rays and Bragg Scattering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746.3 Davisson–Germer Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766.4 Wavy Electrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Finding Structure: Scattering and Fission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857.1 Light Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857.2 Particle Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.2.1 Geiger–Marsden–Rutherford Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.2.2 Standard Model Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937.3 Nuclear Chain Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948 Light in the Universe and the Invariance of Proper Time . . . . . . . . . . . 978.1 Michelson–Morley Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988.2 Special Relativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018.2.1 Popular Relativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.2.2 Minkowski Spacetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038.2.3 Twin Paradox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058.2.4 NonEuclidean Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068.3 And More Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069 Dynamical Activity of the Vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099.1 Beginnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109.2 Lamb Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129.2.1 Lamb–Retherford Experiment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129.2.2 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159.3 Fluctuation Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169.4 Casimir Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179.5 Frenesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11810 Phase Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12110.1 The Dream of Anaximenes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12310.2 Percolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12410.3 Criticality and Universality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12710.4 Superconductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13110.5 Superfluidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13210.6 Bose–Einstein Condensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Contents xiii11 Nonlocality: Spooky Action at a Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13511.1 About Alice, Living Far away from Bob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13711.2 Einstein’s Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13911.3 Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14011.4 Bell’s Inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14211.5 Bell Test Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14412 Future Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14712.1 Around 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14812.1.1 The Statistical Mechanics of Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15112.1.2 Relativity versus Quantum Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15212.1.3 Quantum Statistical Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15312.2 Into the next hundred years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15512.2.1 Computational and Neuro(nal) Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15512.2.2 Physics of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15712.2.3 Many-Body Nonequilibrium Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15912.2.4 Climate and Planetary Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
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