Oncology Books

Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, radiology, classification, molecular genetics, diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in both adults and children. Various chapters of the book summarise all the important research findings and provide an updated text for all those involved in the research and clinical management of this tumor. This book is written by experts in the field from all over the world who have considerable research, clinical interest and experience in the management of this tumor. The book is a concise review of the relevant basic and clinical research on gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and provides a summary of their current classification, diagnosis and treatment strategies in both adults and children. It intends to provide a deep insight into the current knowledge on the subject and summarises all the important relevant data. It contains numerous radiologic and pathologic images, research illustrations and data that is valuable in the overall understanding of all aspects of this important tumor. This book is intended for researchers, students, paramedical staff, patients and doctors involved in the management of patients with this tumor, including gastrointestinal physicians, pediatricians, oncologists, surgeons, radiologists and pathologists. By reading this book, patients gain insight into the management of their own tumors, students find a platform on which they can build their research projects, and nurses and doctors maintain an overall understanding of the subject.

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Book SynopsisIn early stages of cancer, patients are often presented with treatment options and encouraged to have shared treatment decisions with their oncologists. Shared decision making becomes particularly important, as several treatment options with different possible outcomes and adverse events exist. For example, women with early breast cancer are counseled on the options of mastectomy versus lumpectomy and radiation. The same principle should also apply in late stages of cancer, where cure is usually not possible in patients with widespread metastases. In these cases, the aim of treatment should be to relieve symptoms and suffering. Improving quality of life (QOL) rather than tumor control takes priority in palliative care. QOL has also been identified as an important endpoint for new cancer drugs, as determined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); as such, cancer drug approval can be based on improvement of QOL. The use of patient-reported QOL instrument tools help clinicians determine if certain treatments improve QOL. The research of palliative interventions should have QOL assessment to assist clinicians, patients and their family members in shared decision making. 

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Book SynopsisMany cancer patients experience a variety of distressing symptoms, adversely affecting their functional status and quality of life (QOL). Subjective symptoms such as pain, fatigue and depression are common among cancer patients, with approximately 33-55% of cancer patients experiencing pain during the course of their illness. Previous literature commonly examined a single symptom and its effect on patients'' functional status and QOL, but patients often experience multiple symptoms simultaneously. Since individual symptoms are often associated with decreased QOL, the assumption that symptom clusters might have a greater effect on QOL is logical. The coexistence of symptoms provides an insight into the importance of assessing clusters of symptoms rather than focusing on individual symptoms. Although the focus of single symptoms has advanced the understanding of those particular symptoms, it may not be as helpful to health care professionals in guiding practice when patients present several concurrent symptoms. It is important for clinicians to address and ultimately treat all concurrent symptoms. Symptom cluster research will help our understanding and treatment of multiple symptoms. 

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Book SynopsisOvarian cancer is the third most diagnosed gynecologic cancer and the first leading cause of death from all of gynecological malignancies. High mortality of the patients is usually associated with the progression of the disease. Most patients are diagnosed within the advanced stages due to lacking relevant diagnostic and screening markers. This handbook discusses several risk factors of ovarian cancer. It also examines the different therapies provided to ovarian cancer patients, and the prognosis of the cancer.

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Book SynopsisIn Canada over the past fifteen years, there has been a 39% rise in new cancer patients, necessitating the expansion of current oncological facilities. The population is getting older and larger, which in turn is translating into more cases of cancer. Other reports projecting cancer growth across different countries found similar results. With the prevalence of cancer expected to increase in the future, it is important to properly allocate resources towards cancer research to better serve the population. Patients with cancer continue to live longer; as such, more elderly individuals will live with cancer. In fact, cancer has been classified as a chronic illness alongside diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. This may translate to an increased demand for oncologists, specialist-trained nurses, diagnostic services, cancer centres, cancer therapies and palliative care. More importantly, this will translate to an increased necessity for cancer research to decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with cancer while improving the quality of care.

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Book SynopsisSeveral medical options in palliative care can have complex moral, religious, cultural, medical and legal issues. These treatment options, such as assisted suicide, rehydration, parenteral nutrition and cardiopulmonary resuscitation have been heavily debated in the literature. Physician-assisted suicide is a controversial topic for debate, with growing pressure from advocacy groups for legalisation in regions that have yet to decide. Currently, there is substantial opposition from concerned medical professionals. However, a school of medical professionals acknowledges that physician-assisted suicide may have a role in terminal care. The debate over the use of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) in terminal illness is also contentious despite extensive ethical and empirical research. Advocates for and against ANH both agree that the most compassionate and humane option for patients near the end of life is hospice and/or palliative care. However, many of those who support ANH do not seem to appreciate that the standard palliative practice is to avoid the use of ANH in almost all instances. These topics remain heavily disputed in the medical community. In formulating a satisfactory answer, we need to remind ourselves that we cannot generalise a treatment as a correct or incorrect option. Rather, we need to consider each case individually, weigh the risks and benefits of each treatment, and individually consider treatment options in a multidisciplinary care model.

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Book SynopsisWith effective systemic therapy and comprehensive supportive care, patients with metastases can live longer. Breast cancer patients with only or predominantly bone metastases have a median survival of 2.3 years following diagnosis, while metastatic prostate cancer patients have a median survival time of 11.3 months. With recent advances in research, the overall survivorship of metastatic patients has increased. The improved quality of care for metastatic cancer patients has resulted in longer survivorship. Living longer can lead to a higher chance of development for skeletal-related events (SREs), which are defined as either spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, pathological fractures or a need for palliative radiation therapy or surgery for bone pain. To try to reduce pathological fractures, it is important to detect impending fractures earlier and to administer prophylactic surgery as needed. Longer survivorship also allows time for the development of brain metastases. Recent advances incorporating stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been favored over conventional whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in the preservation of neurocognitive functions and survival benefit in patients less than 50 years of age. Multidisciplinary clinics for brain metastases are again desirable with the joint input of the radiation oncologists and neurosurgeons.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original results on the leading edge of cancer research. Lipomas are extremely common benign lesions, representing the most common softtissue tumor, with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and imaging appearances. Several subtypes are described, ranging from lesions entirely composed of mature adipose tissue to tumors intimately associated with nonadipose tissue, to those composed of brown fat. Chapter one begins with an overview of the available evidence about the classification, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests and treatment options of lipomas. The following three chapters examine parosteal lipomas and giant lipomas. Chapter five studies the first literary description of cavernous angiolipoma of the subcutis in a 75-year-old man, delivering a new lipomatous entity. Chapter six focuses on immune plasticity and susceptibility to cancer from fanconi anemia, which is characterised as a genetic disorder of genomic instability, with main clinical symptoms involving congenital abnormalities, infertility, bone marrow failure and a predisposition to the development of several types of cancer, especially acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and head and neck carcinomas. Chapter seven discusses radiotherapy for patients with fanconi anemia. Chapters eight and nine examine the effects of ursolic acid (UA) and flavonol-enriched extract (FL) on the cell cycle behaviour of DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Chapter ten describes the most current advances made in characterising the role of PLA2 in tumor development and progression, as well as highlight some of our most recent studies involving iPLA2 and cancer. The remaining chapters discuss the preclinical rationale for targeting human EGFR and recent clinical reports of targeted agents in esophageal cancer; study the pharmaceutical properties and drug likeness of anticancer drugs administered for the clinical treatment of lung cancer; and covers the epidemiology, different etiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Book SynopsisHCC is the most common primary cancer of the liver and according to the WHO report, the fourth commonest cause of death. The estimated incidence of new cases worldwide is about 500,000-1,000,000 per year causing 600,000 deaths globally per year. Although there are large areas of the world where the incidence of HCC is still unknown, several countries in East Asia and some Sub-Saharan African regions are affected by a very high prevalence of HCC (over 20 cases/100,000 population). Areas with a moderately high risk (11-20 cases/100,000 population) include Italy, Spain and Latin America, while France, Germany and the United Kingdom have instead an intermediate risk (5-10 cases/100,000 population). A relatively low prevalence (less than 5 cases/100,000 population) is found in the United States, Canada and Scandinavia. The incidence of HCC has been rising in developed western countries in the last two decades, along with the emergence of the hepatitis C virus infection and due to the rise of immigration rates from HBV-endemic countries. In addition, even though the incidence of HCC reaches its highest peak among persons over 65 years, an increased incidence among younger individuals has been noted in the last two decades both in USA and Europe. A multidisciplinary approach should be taken when assessing patients with HCC; stage of HCC and liver disease should always be taken into account and the best treatment should be offered. Liver resection and ablative treatments should never be denied to patients, and curative procedures should be performed in hepato-biliary-pancreatic centers. Each HCC patient has to be evaluated singularly, stratifying each time the risk for the procedure so as to determine which treatment is the best treatment. It is also important to analyse all the possibilities that can be offered. This similar approach showed a good efficacy and safety in all "frail" patient categories, such as elderly patients or patients with HCC and HIV infection. Early diagnosis of HCC and retreatment for HCC recurrence have a key role in the survival of patients. Therefore, regular screening programs for HCC should be extended to all patients according to proposed guidelines, together with a greater proclivity for treatment and retreatment options in cases of an HCC diagnosis or recurrence. This may be an important and needed breakthrough for this rising problem.

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Book SynopsisCancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, ranking just after cardiovascular diseases. In the central nervous system, gliomas constitute the most frequent type of tumors. According to the definition, oligodendrogliomas are diffusely infiltrating glial tumors, composed of neoplastic oligodendroglial cells, typically found in cerebral hemispheres in adult population, although not uncommon in children. They encompass a range of tumours, from well-differentiated to frankly malignant neoplasms. In the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system, covering a four-tiered WHO grading scheme, oligodendrogliomas are recognised as grade WHO II and WHO III by the degree of malignancy. They may be either well differentiated, composed of neoplastic cells that morphologically resemble oligodendroglia, or may harbor focal or diffuse features of malignancy, respectively. Their prognosis is in this case less favorable. This book provides current research on the diagnosis, outcomes and prognosis of oligodendrogliomas. Chapter one examines the pathology, molecular mechanisms and clinical references of ODs. Chapter two discusses the ODs and the problematic diagnostic markers. Chapter three examines the histopathologic features of oligodendrogliomas and of an assortment of other central nervous system neoplasms that can resemble them and reviews features that allow one to sort through these histopathologic differential diagnoses. The final chapter reviews speech mapping in oligodendroglioma operations and provides data regarding patient outcomes with these methods.

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Book SynopsisThe diagnosis and treatment of Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have evolved significantly in the past decade. With advances in our understanding of DLBCL through the application of immunophenotypic, molecular cytogenetic analysis and clinical correlation, a growing number of discrete subtypes and entities of DLBCL have been recognised, along with improved prognostic stratification and treatment strategies. A simple diagnosis of DLBCL and standard chemotherapy are no longer appropriate for every individual patient anymore. Pathologists and practicing clinicians need to be familiar with current literature in order to achieve the best treatment of their patients. This book aims to provide the most up-to-date knowledge of the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment strategies of DLBCL. Each chapter focuses on a different subject of DLBCL: pathology, prognosis, chemotherapy regimens and future directions, role of radiation therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and treatment strategies, as well as special considerations in the treatment of the most common subtypes of DLBCL. The authors are practicing physicians in major medical centers and university hospitals, and are familiar with the challenges of diagnosing and treating patients with DLBCL. The book is written for practicing physicians and provides practical information and advice for their daily practice. Residents, fellows and physicians in their early career development will also find the contents of this book useful for their education and board preparation. The authors hope that the material covered in this book will serve as a foundation for readers to keep up with future developments in this specific field of study.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides research on ependymomas, a rare brain tumor that arises from the ependymal cells of the intra-ventricular central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma with a propensity to affect both children and adults. Ependymomas account for only 1.9% of all primary brain and CNS tumors. Chapter One discusses the prognosis and outcomes in patients with ependymal tumors. Chapter Two investigates the effects of gender, age, race, tumor grade, and treatment on clinical outcomes of ependymoma diagnosed patients. Chapter Three examines survival rates, and prognostic factors. Chapter Four contains a contemporary review of the literature and an evidence-based systematic review about intraspinal ependymomas (ISE). Chapter Five reviews literature on ependymal neoplasms arising in the setting of hereditary tumor syndromes. Chapter Six discusses the current management of pediatric ependymomas and examines evolving biological data.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original results on the leading edge of cancer research. Chapter One explains unanswered questions of contemporary oncology from the standpoint of karyogamic theory of carcinogenesis. Chapter Two focuses on the molecular players of the human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infection leading to chronic inflammation and cancer. Chapter Three describes Multiple Myeloma (MM), and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS). Chapter Four reviews the role of choline metabolites as second messengers in cellular pathways leading to enhanced cell survival, migration, and proliferation to explore the possibility that "in-vivo" imaging of choline metabolism can be used to obtain readouts of cell signal transduction in cancer. Chapter Five investigates the possible correlation between anatomic melanoma distribution on the specific back area and lack of sunscreen application. Chapter Six describes the known molecular mechanisms of epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in malignant neuroblastoma that can help find new directions for future research. Chapter Seven discusses the burdens of childhood cancer survivorship and the consequences of different treatment therapies on the incidence of CVD and explores potential monitoring methods and the need for consistent cardiovascular monitoring of childhood cancer survivors regarding their cardiovascular health. Finally, Chapter Eight considers a model for implementing recommendations pertaining to Lynch syndrome, and also looks at what is happening in the field now to support Lynch syndrome genetic testing and surveillance, and how a deliberative conference can point the way to changes that need to take place to deliver screening to those at risk. 

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Book SynopsisBesides surgery, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy or chemotherapy, which were widely used in cancer patients for decades, the 21st century has seen the emergence of "targeted" therapy, resulting from the identification of molecular pathways in cells and their alterations in tumors. An increasing number of compounds targeting specific molecules or cancer cells have been developed and, for some of them, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as well as other regulators in EU and Japan Additional new and more efficient types of compounds, are still in clinical trials, but are expected to gain future approval. More than eighty FDA-approved targeted therapies are described here, along with about eighty other promising compounds. These drugs are members of various therapy classes, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors; serine/threonine kinase inhibitors; dual specificity kinase inhibitors; lipid kinase inhibitors; poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors; monoclonal antibodies; microtubule targeting agents; histone deacetylase inhibitors; proteasome inhibitors; antimetabolites; immunomodulatory agents; DNA methyltransferase inhibitors; hedgehog pathway inhibitors; enzymes; protein translation inhibitors; vaccines, oncolytic viruses; chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T); and so on. A series of "companion" diagnostics intended to be used as an indication for specific therapies, and approved to this aim are also mentioned. The book aims to present the broad landscape of compounds and companion diagnostics that are expected to pave the way towards a future of hope for cancer patients.

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Book SynopsisPrimary bile duct cancers are rare and generally aggressive entities. Historically, this disease was managed exclusively with surgical therapy with few long-term survivors. However, with improvements in chemotherapeutics, targeted therapy, interventional radiology techniques and development of alternative surgical approaches, treatment has moved to the utilization of a multidisciplinary care team employing multimodality treatments which has finally led to improvement in outcomes. In this book, Chapter One examines symptoms and the current state of medical and surgical management of bile duct cancer, while Chapter Two discusses the clinical aspects of care of extrahepatic biliary cancers with an emphasis on diagnosis and management. Chapter Three assesses the risk of bile duct cancer among beneficiaries of The Health Insurance Society of Printing Industry (HISPI) using diagnosis-procedure-combination (DPC) data in comparison with general population. Chapter Four concludes with a summary of results for chemotherapy and targeted therapies.

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Book SynopsisThe blood cell system has provided a model system that has been used by many researchers to investigate how a stem cell can give rise to a wide variety of mature cell types. The principles that emerged in developmental biology have been applied to the structure of tissues throughout the body. However, many of the principles have been challenged by recent findings, changing the way we view blood cell development. In turn, this has impacted our understanding of the origin and nature of leukaemia, as well as cancer in general. Like the development of any body tissue, cancer is an organised and hierarchical tissue with its own identity. A new viewpoint is that the mutations that give rise to cancer re-programme cancer cells to their own abnormal pattern of tissue development. Understanding how the hierarchy of tumour identity differs from that of normal tissue provides important new avenues to the development of new treatments for cancer. No doubt further refinement to our understanding of normal and cancer cells will continue for many years to come. Even so, we appear to be moving towards an exciting prospect of providing the key to unlocking the long standing mystery of primary cellular events that undermine and distort our normal cells and give rise to the disease of cancer. The importance of this is the prospect of developing new treatments for cancer. In particular, the distorted behaviour of cancer cells might be reversible so that they can be restored to their normal state. Diversity, Versatility and Leukaemia examines how normal and cancer cells are inextricably linked, and focuses on the changes to how we view the development of normal cells and the subversion of this process in cancer.

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Book SynopsisThis book represents the efforts of young oncologists, haematologists, pharmacists and oncology nurses who are highly motivated and encouraged by the significant development of new effective anticancer drugs. Since the discovery of antimetabolites and alkylating agents in the 1940s and 1950s, many new products have been introduced into our daily arsenal not only through chemotherapy agents, but also by means of biological or immunotherapeutic drugs whose side effects differ significantly. The idea of this book was born from a simple observation and confirmation of fact. New doctors in training experience high levels of stress and lack of confidence when confronting cancer patients and explaining a treatment or managing frequent side effects. Patients questions will only add more nervousness, and this will lead to a failure in the doctor-patient relationship, causing the patients mistrust and doctors frustration. Nurses dealing with these patients will suffer pressure too, as many questions regarding antineoplastic drugs will be asked of them and patients expect them to ease their doubts. This feeling of vulnerability in front of a patient, though a part of the maturation process when becoming a professional caretaker, causes discomfort and incertitude. In this context, it is crucial to gain great knowledge about pharmacokinetic and pharmacological features of each active anticancer drug used, as well as the indications, dosages, interactions and toxicities, to be able to face the daily practice of oncology without concerns and manage daily therapeutic complications easily. This may be considered very difficult, taking into account the huge number of active agents doctors manage routinely, but doctors have accepted the challenge and designed a straightforward, comprehensible book to solve this issue. The Easy Book of Cancer Pharmacology provides the means to overcome the problem. It is conceived as an accessible, concise and yet exhaustive tool which displays a vast amounts of knowledge in a very schematic way. It is easy to consult and offers a very practical expertise to develop the ability of managing effectively each antineoplastic agent quickly. It gives the necessary insights to explain this to the patients with confidence. Each chapter reviews one active drug and shows the information with a pragmatic style, and they are divided into different sections. Each section covers distinct aspects of the agent, from general characteristics to more specific details related to clinical pharmacology. In quickly advancing fields such as oncology, such a book is necessary to help update the ever-developing and expanding knowledge of clinicians and patients in an efficient and effective manner.

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Book SynopsisBreast tumours are one of the most worrisome and challenging problems for surgeons and pathologists. In this book, the authors present research in the study of the epidemiology, management and prevention of breast tumors; some examples of these types of breast cancer are DCIS, LCIS, IDC, ILC, medullary carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and rare tumors of the breast. This book is useful to surgeons and pathologists, postgraduates in understanding the pathology for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these tumors.

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Book SynopsisCancer risk prediction models provide an important approach to assess risk and susceptibility by identifying individuals at high risk, facilitating the design and planning of clinical chemoprevention trials, and allowing the evaluation of interventions. Conventional breast cancer risk model includes the cumulative estrogen exposure data such as age, age at menarche and menopause, age at first live birth, and use of HRT in risk calculation, since estrogens are the main risk factor for mammary carcinogenesis. The most widely known and commonly used model for breast cancer risk assessment is the Gail model, which focuses primarily on non-genetic risk factors, with limited information on family history. The first chapter of this book examines breast cancer risk assessment models. The following chapters discuss the association between obesity and breast cancer development; current and future standards for treatment of breast cancer and long term care of patients; and mastectomies and voluntarism.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original results on the leading edge of cancer research. Chapter One summarizes what is currently known regarding the epigenetic regulation of osteosarcoma pathways and oncogenes, as well as clinical trials of drugs that exert epigenetic regulation. Chapter Two critically discusses the role of ECM-dependent signaling in osteosarcoma progression. Chapter Three illustrates the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure by focusing on photocarcinogenesis. Chapter Four examines the psychology of sunscreen use and outlines the key psychological factors associated with sunscreen use. Chapter Five reviews the cellular and molecular mechanism of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Transforming Growth Factor-β mediating cervical cancer development. Chapter Six examines the affect of the American cranberry extract on expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Chapter Seven discusses the design of synthetic peptides to specifically interfere the papillomavirus binding factor/14-3-3beta binding to restore papillomavirus binding factor apoptotic functions. Chapter Eight examines brain development using correlations between Diffusion Kurtosis and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) in neonates and young children. Chapter Nine highlights the opportunities that are available to prevent the late effects related to stress and fears, emphasizing the importance of teaching patients resiliency and how to cope.

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Book SynopsisThe human life is considered most vital of all the living creatures on Earth because humans are bestowed with the highest level of cognition. One can enjoy life if the natural gift, the body, is in a good or healthy condition. A disease is an abnormal condition of the body resulting from infections, toxicity, unfavourable environmental conditions, or illness due to inherited genetic defects in the body. In the past,contagious diseases like the plague resulted in widespread death. About 100 years ago tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by a single bacteria, was one of the deadliest diseases. However, today even a fourth stage TB patient can live a normal life after receiving the allopathic treatment. Unfortunately, that is not the case with cancer. Today cancer is the most dreaded disease and the #1 killer worldwide. Unlike TB, cancer is difficult to treat as there are more than 100 different types of cancers. However, with a communal undying zeal and drive for finding a cure for cancer, a lot of progress has been made recently in treating different types of cancers, some of them resulting in total cure. Understanding Cancer at a Subcellular Level delves into the root cause of cancer, which is the mutations in DNA molecules or genes. Further, it elaborates on the risk factors which cause mutations in genes. The internal causes are either inherited faulty genes from one of the parents or changes in genes due to the cells internal microenvironments; the external risk factors are many, such as age, alcohol, food, tobacco, etc. If your health is in good condition, that means your genes are quite healthy. If DNA or genes are mutated, it leads to cancer development. Multiple mutations in a single gene and multiple mutated genes are needed to develop cancer. Today, with advancements in science and technology, it is possible to offer various treatment options to cancer patients. The book gives details about: i) signs and symptoms of cancer; ii) causes or risk factors of developing mutations in a healthy gene using the concept of molecular biology at the genetic level; iii) different types of genes and cancers; iv) country specific treatment options; v) dealing with cancer; and vi) estimated treatment costs. The last chapter is dedicated to definitions of different terms used in this book. This book covers extremely vital information useful for scientists in research laboratories (such as chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, oncology, human genome, bioengineering/genetic-engineering etc.), general physicians, oncologists, all other medical practitioners, students and professors, cancer patients and their relatives and for anyone interested in learning about this abnormality.

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Book SynopsisBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in which cancer starts in immune cells called B-cells. If left untreated, it is rapidly fatal. Chapter One of this monograph evaluates the aetiology, pathological issues, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, research, innovation and treatment issues of BL using the clinical systematic review research method and experts' opinion analysis approach. Chapter Two reviews the spectrum, unique characteristics and special management considerations when BL develops in specific subgroups of patients with primary immune deficiency disorders. Chapter Three reviews the incidence, clinicopathological and epidemiologic features, treatment and outcome data available in paediatric and adult patients with post solid organ transplant BL. Chapter Four focuses on the pathobiology and the treatment of first-line and relapsed/refractory cases of BL and describes new therapeutic strategies which could improve results in this pathology. Chapter Five examines the therapeutic advances in BL and its variants. Finally, Chapter Six explores and emphasizes the trends and issues in research and innovation in the characteristics, clinical updates and management approaches of BL.Table of ContentsPreface; Burkitt Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Treatment Issues; Burkitt Lymphoma in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders; Post Solid Organ Transplant Burkitt Lymphoma; Burkitt Lymphoma; Examining the Therapeutic Advances for Burkitt Lymphoma; Burkitt Lymphoma: Evaluation of Characteristics, Clinical Updates and Management Approaches Trends; Index.

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Book SynopsisMesothelioma is a type of cancer in which tumors form in the tissue that lines the lungs, heart, stomach, and other organs. While mesothelioma is relatively rare, it represents a serious health crisis as the disease is aggressive and often fatal. This book includes five chapters that detail the treatment and prognosis of the disease as well as the factors that put a person at risk for developing mesothelioma. Chapter One describes the most promising emerging immunotherapy combinations for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, discussing the biological rational underlying their development as well as the issues surrounding their clinical development. Chapter Two provides an overview of malignant mesothelioma, describing the history of its diagnosis and treatment as well as the role that asbestos exposure and other factors play in its development. Chapter Three revises the role of the main inflammatory and immunological markers as prognostic indicators in malignant pleural mesothelioma and discusses the surgical effects on immune response against cancer. Chapter Four explores the main cancer markers utilized for mesothelioma diagnosis as well as the new developments in the field. Lastly, Chapter Five examines the various surgical options available for removing pleural tumors.Table of ContentsPreface; Mesothelioma: The Advent of Immunotherapy; Malignant Mesothelioma; Inflammatory and Immunological Aspects in the Surgical Management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma; New Developments in Mesothelioma Markers; Surgical Approaches to Pleural Tumours; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph deals with the susceptibility issues in the development of an effective response to antigenicity as presented by emerging or established neoplastic lesions. An attempt has been made to present critical views of the dysfunction of carcinogenesis in terms of evolving immune responses in terms of recruitment of dendritic cell biology. It is within such conceptual framework that autoimmunity presents an attractive response to neoplasia in terms that allow for access to the malignant transformation process. It is significant to potentiate the immune responses that involve the integral immune dimensions that characterise and recharacterise the dynamics of turnover of dendritic cells as the most powerful agents in presentation of neoantigenicity as provided by tumour cell proliferation and spread within the body. The performance of staged dimensions in antigen exposure by tumour cells is critical to the presentation of tumour cells as brought forward by the proposed dynamics of an interface between tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment in the realisation of an extensive autoimmune response with the realisation of performance exposure of the antigenicity as a biologic agent in its own right. This book is aimed to cancer researchers, pathologists, and immunologists with a strong interest in carcinogenesis and cancer cell progression as dictated by proposed immune response to tumour antigenicity.

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Book SynopsisThis volume includes seven chapters that present some of the latest advancements in cancer research. Chapter One studies the correlation between smoking and cancer using the sequenced human genome. Chapter Two discusses glucose-regulated protein 78-mediated regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways, and how it can be used as a therapeutic against cancer. Chapter Three discusses new approaches in the treatment of hodgkin lymphoma. Chapter Four includes a review of the etiology, diagnosis and therapeutic management of rare pancreatic tumors. Chapter Five introduces recent progress on the mechanism of action and predictive biomarkers of mitomycin C using a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening approach. Chapter Six discusses ultrasonography, endometrial sampling, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography in the context of endometrial cancers. Finally, Chapter Seven discusses treatment options for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to provide a broad background of several aspects of basic sciences, clinical, therapeutic aspects, and management of endometrial cancer. It provides state-of-the-art information on the molecular genetics, biology, and clinical aspects of premalignant lesions of the endometrium and endometrial cancer. Also, the book chapters provide better understanding of the molecular and cellular events that underlie endometrial cancer. The descriptive and analytical epidemiology of endometrial cancer are presented in Chapter 1. The pathology and molecular diagnosis of endometrial cancer are discussed in Chapter 2. The molecular pathology of endometrial cancer is detailed in Chapter 3. The hereditary aspect of endometrial cancer is highlighted in Chapter 4. Precancerous lesions of the endometrium are reviewed in detail in Chapter 5. Endometrial biomarkers are detailed in Chapter 6. Lymphatic mapping of endometrial cancer is discussed in Chapter 7. Sentinel lymph nodes in endometrial cancer are highlighted in Chapter 8. The current strategies and approaches to treat patients with endometrial cancer are detailed in Chapter 9. Surgical techniques for endometrial cancer are reviewed in Chapter 10. The current treatment of advanced endometrial cancer is discussed in Chapter 11. Adjuvant medical therapeutic modalities are reviewed in Chapter 12. Targeted therapies for advanced endometrial cancer are presented in Chapter 13. The role of ErbB targeted therapy in treating endometrial cancer is discussed in Chapter 14. Finally, the quality of life of women with endometrial cancer is reviewed in Chapter 15. This book is intended for all clinicians and basic medical scientists caring for women with endometrial cancer, including attending surgeons and physicians, clinical fellows, and residents in the disciplines of gynecologic oncology, medical oncology, and surgical oncology, as well as PhD students and post-doctoral fellows in the basic medical sciences.

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Book SynopsisAccording to the Global Cancer Observatory, in 2020 the number of new cases of cancer was 19.3 million people in the whole world, with breast, lung, and colorectal cancer comprising 10-11% each of these figures. In the same year, there were almost 10 million deaths from cancer, with lung cancer being the one leading to more deaths (18%). Unfortunately, these figures are only expected to increase, with an estimated incidence of 30.2 million cases in 2040. Thus, cancer is a worldwide public health priority, with a high socio-economic impact. Chemotherapy stands out among the available cancer treatments. Platinum-based chemotherapy is one of the earliest chemotherapeutics introduced to the clinics and it is still the first-line treatment, used alone or in combination with other anti-neoplastic therapy and/or radiation, for many types of cancer in both adults and children. The book Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: Clinical Uses, Efficacy and Side Effects offers the reader a general overview of this therapy, as well as an update on some of the most relevant issues specific to this therapy.

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Book SynopsisAny breast operation is a significant event. This book provides information to help to lessen the fear and gives practical advice for patients returning to a normal life.Table of ContentsContents include: an explanation of the benign causes of lumps and pain in the breast; an outline of the different types of cancer of the breast; a description of investigative and diagnostic procedures; a look at preparation for surgery; the different surgical procedures and what to expect after surgery; a discussion on radiotherapy and chemotherapy; an explanation of breast reconstruction.

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Book SynopsisIntensive research over the last fifteen years has yielded a vast expansion in our understanding of the role of inheritance and genetics in a variety of cancers. Several inherited conditions have been identified which result in a high risk of various cancers; some of these were previously recognised, but the genetic basis underlying them has now been elucidated. This knowledge is now entering the sphere of routine clinical care. Once the preserve of researchers and highly specialised units, genetic testing for cancer predisposition is now accessible to most clinicians via regional genetics units; in the USA patients can access commercial genetic testing facilities. There is a growing evidence base to guide family screening and clinical management of affected individuals. Surgeons, gastroenterologists, gynaecologists, oncologists, endocrinologists and many others need an awareness of these disorders, an understanding of genetic testing and when it is indicated, and how to manage patients with inherited cancer predisposition and their families. Testing for these conditions has potential legal, ethical and financial implications different from those which most clinicians regularly encounter, and continuing scientific and clinical advance means that patients and their doctors will face regular changes in management. This book covers the basic concepts of cancer genetics. The common inherited cancer syndromes are each dealt with in greater depth, with the current management outlined. This book is aimed at all clinicians who may encounter these conditions in their practice. It aims to facilitate identification of high-risk individuals and families, to inform interaction with geneticists and other sub-specialists, to provide a basis for patient management and to stimulate interest in these fascinating conditions.

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Book SynopsisThe Research Session held during Eurocancer 1993 reflects a rather surprising paradox: whereas great strides have been made in normal or neoplasic cell research, basic cancer treatment does not seem to have altered in decades and still relies on chemotherapy, radiation-treatment and surgery. Proceedings of the Research workshop held in Eurocancer, Paris, April 1993.

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Book SynopsisContributions from leading authors in the field of clinical and biological breast cancer research constitute these three chapters: predisposition to breast cancer, carcinogenesis, and early breast cancer screening and management; tumour biology and prognostic; and therapeutics aspects of breast cancer. 21st Meeting of the International Association for Breast Cancer Research, Paris, 1996.

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Book SynopsisAdrenal Cortical Carcinoma is classically associated with a dismal prognosis. Yet its clinical presentation is changing (more and more classified as ''incidentaloma''). New insights have emerged on its pathophysiological mechanisms (through the genetic elucidation of familial syndromes), and Reference Centers within National and European Networks are now offering more standardised and efficient multidisciplinary clinical management of these difficult patients. All these important aspects are described by experts in nine chapters dealing with epidemiology, prognosis, and clinical management, pathology, molecular pathophysiological mechanisms, modern imaging approaches, surgical and chemotherapeutical approaches of primary and secondary lesions, and the particular aspects of adrenal cortical carcinoma in children. This book, with its many figures and photographs, will be of major interest to endocrinologists, radiologists and nuclear medicine experts, pathologists, surgeons, oncologists, paediatricians. After a thorough reading, one will better recognise a suspicious adrenal ''incidentaloma'', diagnose steroid hypersecretion, suspect a familial disease, consult with the pathologist and surgeon, manipulate difficult drugs like O,p''DDD, participate in multidisciplinary discussions with oncologists, radiotherapeutists, molecular biologists... Modern medicine in action!

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Book SynopsisNew technological approaches in dermatologic diagnostics, such as surface microscopy and dermoscopy, are continuously advancing. Anatomical structures can be viewed like never before. Through these new techniques the necessity of a new terminology and a new set of dermoscopic criteria has come up. So far, many different and sometimes confusing terms have been used in designating these microscopic features. However, the daily challenge physicians face when evaluating skin lesions acquires immediate access to the current dermoscopic nomenclature and definition. This unique guide provides a comprehensive, current, and accurate A-Z encyclopaedia to clarify the meaning of surface microscopic and dermoscopic terminology including a broad range of both melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin lesions. It will support dermatologists, histopathologists and all other physicians in charge of a biopsy and excision decision.Table of ContentsA.- B.- C.- D.- E.- F.- G.- H.- I.- J.- K.- L.- M.- N.- O.- P.- R.- S.- T.- U.- V.- W.- Z.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis volume includes eight chapters that describe recent updates in cancer research. Chapter One highlights the benefits of ancillary/consulting care services within pediatric oncology, including social work, psychology, neuropsychology, expressive therapies, child life, chaplaincy, teachers/school liaisons, rehabilitation therapies, nutrition, and palliative care. Chapter Two discusses various generations of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and recent efforts in manufacturing CAR T-cells as a therapy for cancer treatment. Chapter Three explores alternative target pathways for putative therapeutic approaches affecting chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Chapter Four reviews research done on the role of epigenetics in the initiation and progression of thyroid cancer. Chapter Five summarizes the literature that implicates the underlying molecular mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance and the potential therapeutic targets to overcome this resistance. Chapter Six deals with the inhibition of autophagy for instigating temozolomide for increasing induction of apoptosis in glioblastoma. Chapter Seven studies the use of vitamin E for leukemic stem cells reprogramming. Finally, Chapter Eight describes new molecular studies for approaches affecting chronic myeloid leukemia cells.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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