Number theory Books

Book SynopsisThe binomial transform is a discrete transformation of one sequence into another with many interesting applications in combinatorics and analysis. This volume is helpful to researchers interested in enumerative combinatorics, special numbers, and classical analysis. A valuable reference, it can also be used as lecture notes for a course in binomial identities, binomial transforms and Euler series transformations. The binomial transform leads to various combinatorial and analytical identities involving binomial coefficients. In particular, we present here new binomial identities for Bernoulli, Fibonacci, and harmonic numbers. Many interesting identities can be written as binomial transforms and vice versa.The volume consists of two parts. In the first part, we present the theory of the binomial transform for sequences with a sufficient prerequisite of classical numbers and polynomials. The first part provides theorems and tools which help to compute binomial transforms of different sequences and also to generate new binomial identities from the old. These theoretical tools (formulas and theorems) can also be used for summation of series and various numerical computations.In the second part, we have compiled a list of binomial transform formulas for easy reference. In the Appendix, we present the definition of the Stirling sequence transform and a short table of transformation formulas.

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Book SynopsisThis book is written for undergraduates who wish to learn some basic results in analytic number theory. It covers topics such as Bertrand's Postulate, the Prime Number Theorem and Dirichlet's Theorem of primes in arithmetic progression.The materials in this book are based on A Hildebrand's 1991 lectures delivered at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the author's course conducted at the National University of Singapore from 2001 to 2008.Table of ContentsFacts about Integers; Arithmetical Functions; Averages of Arithmetical Functions; Elementary Results on the Distribution of Primes; The Prime Number Theorem; Dirichlet Series; Primes in Arithmetic Progression.

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Book SynopsisThis book is written for undergraduates who wish to learn some basic results in analytic number theory. It covers topics such as Bertrand's Postulate, the Prime Number Theorem and Dirichlet's Theorem of primes in arithmetic progression.The materials in this book are based on A Hildebrand's 1991 lectures delivered at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the author's course conducted at the National University of Singapore from 2001 to 2008.Table of ContentsFacts about Integers; Arithmetical Functions; Averages of Arithmetical Functions; Elementary Results on the Distribution of Primes; The Prime Number Theorem; Dirichlet Series; Primes in Arithmetic Progression.

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Book SynopsisThis volume aims at collecting survey papers which give broad and enlightening perspectives of various aspects of number theory.Kitaoka's paper is a continuation of his earlier paper published in the last proceedings and pushes the research forward. Browning's paper introduces a new direction of research on analytic number theory — quantitative theory of some surfaces and Bruedern et al's paper details state-of-the-art affairs of additive number theory. There are two papers on modular forms — Kohnen's paper describes generalized modular forms (GMF) which has some applications in conformal field theory, while Liu's paper is very useful for readers who want to have a quick introduction to Maass forms and some analytic-number-theoretic problems related to them. Matsumoto et al's paper gives a very thorough survey on functional relations of root system zeta-functions, Hoshi-Miyake's paper is a continuation of Miyake's long and fruitful research on generic polynomials and gives rise to related Diophantine problems, and Jia's paper surveys some dynamical aspects of a special arithmetic function connected with the distribution of prime numbers. There are two papers of collections of problems by Shparlinski on exponential and character sums and Schinzel on polynomials which will serve as an aid for finding suitable research problems. Yamamura's paper is a complete bibliography on determinant expressions for a certain class number and will be useful to researchers.Thus the book gives a good-balance of classical and modern aspects in number theory and will be useful to researchers including enthusiastic graduate students.Table of ContentsRecent Progress on the Quantitative Arithmetic of Del Pezzo Surfaces (T Browning); Additive Representation in Thin Sequences, VIII: Diophantine Inequalities in Review (J Bruedern et al.); Some Diophantine Problems Arising from the Isomorphism of Generic Polynomials (A Hoshi & K Miyake); Recent Progress on Dynamics of a Special Arithmetic Function (C-H Jia); A Statistical Relation Between Roots of a Polynomial in Different Local Fields II (Y Kitaoka); Generalized Modular Functions and Their Fourier Coefficients (W Kohnen); Functional Relations for Zeta-Functions of Root Systems (Y Komori et al.); A Quick Introduction to Maass Forms (J Y Liu); The Number of Non-Zero Coefficients of a Polynomial - Solved and Unsolved (A Schinzel); Open Problems on Exponential and Character Sums (I Shparlinski); Bibliography on Determinantal Expressions of Relative Class Numbers of Imaginary Abelian Number Fields (K Yamamura).

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Book SynopsisThis textbook presents an elementary introduction to number theory and its different aspects: approximation of real numbers, irrationality and transcendence problems, continued fractions, diophantine equations, quadratic forms, arithmetical functions and algebraic number theory.These topics are covered in 12 chapters and more than 200 solved exercises.Clear, concise, and self-contained, this textbook may be used by undergraduate and graduate students, as well as highschool mathematics teachers. More generally, it will be suitable for all those who are interested in number theory, this fascinating branch of mathematics.Table of ContentsIrrationality and Diophantine Approximation; Representations of Real Numbers by Infinite Series and Products; Continued Fractions; Regular Continued Fractions; Quadratic Fields and Diophantine Equations; Squares and Sums of Squares; Arithmetical Functions; Pade Approximants; Algebraic Numbers and Irrationality Measures; Number Fields; Ideals; Introduction to Transcendence Methods;

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Book SynopsisThis textbook presents an elementary introduction to number theory and its different aspects: approximation of real numbers, irrationality and transcendence problems, continued fractions, diophantine equations, quadratic forms, arithmetical functions and algebraic number theory.These topics are covered in 12 chapters and more than 200 solved exercises.Clear, concise, and self-contained, this textbook may be used by undergraduate and graduate students, as well as highschool mathematics teachers. More generally, it will be suitable for all those who are interested in number theory, this fascinating branch of mathematics.Table of ContentsIrrationality and Diophantine Approximation; Representations of Real Numbers by Infinite Series and Products; Continued Fractions; Regular Continued Fractions; Quadratic Fields and Diophantine Equations; Squares and Sums of Squares; Arithmetical Functions; Pade Approximants; Algebraic Numbers and Irrationality Measures; Number Fields; Ideals; Introduction to Transcendence Methods;

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Book SynopsisFigurate numbers have a rich history with many applications. The main purpose of this book is to provide a thorough and complete presentation of the theory of figurate numbers, giving much of their properties, facts and theorems with full proofs. This book is the first of this topic written in unified systematic way. It also contains many exercises with solutions.Table of ContentsPlane Figurate Numbers; Space Figurate Numbers; Multidimensional Figurate Numbers; Areas of Number Theory including Figurate Numbers; Fermat's Polygonal Number Theorem; Zoo of Figurate-related Numbers.

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Book SynopsisThis unique book provides an innovative and efficient approach to elliptic functions, based on the ideas of the great Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. The original 1988 monograph of K Venkatachaliengar has been completely revised. Many details, omitted from the original version, have been included, and the book has been made comprehensive by notes at the end of each chapter.The book is for graduate students and researchers in Number Theory and Classical Analysis, as well for scholars and aficionados of Ramanujan's work. It can be read by anyone with some undergraduate knowledge of real and complex analysis.Table of ContentsGeneralized Ramanujan Identity; Weierstrass Elliptic Function; Ramanujan's Differential Equations, Ramanujan's 1-Psi-1 Summation Formula; Jacobi Triple Product Identity; Jordan - Kronecker Function; Fundamental Multiplicative Identity; Hypergeometric Functions; Halphen's Differential Equations; Sums of Two and Four Squares; Ramanujan's Theories of Elliptic Functions to Alternative Bases; Jacobian Elliptic Functions; Modular Equations; Addition Theorem for Elliptic Integrals; Quintuple Product Identity.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive account of the theory of moduli spaces of elliptic curves (over integer rings) and its application to modular forms. The construction of Galois representations, which play a fundamental role in Wiles' proof of the Shimura-Taniyama conjecture, is given. In addition, the book presents an outline of the proof of diverse modularity results of two-dimensional Galois representations (including that of Wiles), as well as some of the author's new results in that direction.In this new second edition, a detailed description of Barsotti-Tate groups (including formal Lie groups) is added to Chapter 1. As an application, a down-to-earth description of formal deformation theory of elliptic curves is incorporated at the end of Chapter 2 (in order to make the proof of regularity of the moduli of elliptic curve more conceptual), and in Chapter 4, though limited to ordinary cases, newly incorporated are Ribet's theorem of full image of modular p-adic Galois representation and its generalization to ‘big’ Λ-adic Galois representations under mild assumptions (a new result of the author). Though some of the striking developments described above is out of the scope of this introductory book, the author gives a taste of present day research in the area of Number Theory at the very end of the book (giving a good account of modularity theory of abelian ℚ-varieties and ℚ-curves).Table of ContentsAn Algebro-Geometric Tool Box; Elliptic Curves; Geometric Modular Forms; Jacobians and Galois Representations; Modularity Problems.

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Book SynopsisForeword by Stephen L Adler (Institute for Advanced Study, USA)Illustrations by Peggy Adler The term Phyllotaxis refers to the patterns on plants formed by the arrangement of repeated biological units. In nearly all cases, the Fibonacci Numbers and the Golden Ratio occur in these arrangements. This topic has long fascinated scientists. Over a period of more than two decades, Irving Adler wrote a number of papers that construct a rigorously derived mathematical model for Phyllotaxis, which are major and enduring contributions to the field. These papers are collected in this reprint volume to enable their access to a wider readership.Table of ContentsIntroduction; A Model of Contact Pressure in Phyllotaxis; A Model of Space Filling in Phyllotaxis; The Consequences of Contact Pressure in Phyllotaxis; An Application of the Contact Model of Phyllotaxis to the Close Packing of Spheres around a Cylinder in Biological Fine Structure; The Role of Continued Fractions in Phyllotaxis; The Role of Mathematics in Phyllotaxis; Generating Phyllotaxis Patterns on a Cylindrical Point Lattice; A Yardstick for Measuring the Adequacy of a Model of Phyllotaxis.

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Book SynopsisThe need for optimal partition arises from many real-world problems involving the distribution of limited resources to many users. The “clustering” problem, which has recently received a lot of attention, is a special case of optimal partitioning. This book is the first attempt to collect all theoretical developments of optimal partitions, many of them derived by the authors, in an accessible place for easy reference. Much more than simply collecting the results, the book provides a general framework to unify these results and present them in an organized fashion.Many well-known practical problems of optimal partitions are dealt with. The authors show how they can be solved using the theory — or why they cannot be. These problems include: allocation of components to maximize system reliability; experiment design to identify defectives; design of circuit card library and of blood analyzer lines; abstraction of finite state machines and assignment of cache items to pages; the division of property and partition bargaining as well as touching on those well-known research areas such as scheduling, inventory, nearest neighbor assignment, the traveling salesman problem, vehicle routing, and graph partitions. The authors elucidate why the last three problems cannot be solved in the context of the theory.Table of ContentsSum-Multipartition Problems over Single Parameter Spaces; Sum-Partition Problems over Multi-Parameter Spaces: Polyhedral Approach; Partition Problems over Multi-Parameter Spaces: Combinatorial Approach; Applications; Maximizing Concave Functions over Partition Polytopes.

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Book SynopsisThis book emphasizes the role of symmetry and presents as many viewpoints as possible of an important phenomenon — the functional equation of the associated zeta-function. It starts from the basics before warping into the space of new interest; from the ground state to the excited state. For example, the celebrated Gauss quadratic reciprocity law is proved in four independent ways, which are in some way or other dependent on the functional equation. The proofs rest on finite fields, representation theory of nilpotent groups, reciprocity law for the Dedekind sums, and the translation formula for the theta-series, respectively. Likewise, for example, the Euler function is treated in several different places.One of the important principles of learning is to work with the material many times. This book presents many worked-out examples and exercises to enhance the reader's comprehension on the topics covered in an in-depth manner. This is done in a different setting each time such that the reader will always be challenged. For the keen reader, even browsing the text alone, without solving the exercises, will yield some knowledge and enjoyment.Table of ContentsElements of Algebra; Rudiments of Algebraic Number Theory; Arithmetical Functions and Stieltjes Integrals; Quadratic Reciprocity Through Duality; Around Dirichlet L-Functions; Control Systems and Number Theory.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book on the theory of multiple zeta values since its birth around 1994. Readers will find that the shuffle products of multiple zeta values are applied to complicated counting problems in combinatorics, and numerous interesting identities are produced that are ready to be used. This will provide a powerful tool to deal with problems in multiple zeta values, both in evaluations and shuffle relations. The volume will benefit graduate students doing research in number theory.Table of ContentsBasic Theory of Multiple Zeta Values: The Time Before Multiple Zeta Values; Introduction to the Theory of Multiple Zeta Values; The Sum Formula; Shuffle Relations among Multiple Zeta Values: Some Shuffle Relations; Euler Decomposition Theorem; Multiple Zeta Values of Height Two; Applications of Shuffle Relations in Combinatorics: Generalizations of Pascal Identity; Combinatorial Identities of Convolution Type; Vector Version of Some Combinatorial Identities; Appendices: Singular Modular Forms on the Exceptional Domain; Shuffle Product Formulas of Multiple Zeta Values; The Sum Formula, the Restricted Sum Formula, their Generalizations and Applications.

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Book SynopsisThis resource volume is an enlargement as well as an update of the previous edition. The book aims to introduce the reader to over 100 different families of positive integers. A brief historical note accompanies the descriptions and examples of several of the families together with a mix of routine exercises and problems as well as some thought provokers to solve. Number Treasury3 especially aims to stimulate further study beyond the scope of the introductory treatment given in the book. The emphasis in Number Treasury3 is on doing not proving. However, the reader is directed to think critically about situations, to provide explanations, to make generalizations, and to formulate conjectures. To engage the reader from the start, the book begins with a set of rich Investigations. These are standalone activities that represent each of the chapters of the book.Table of ContentsInvestigations; Numbers Based on Divisors and Proper Divisors; Plane and Solid Figurate Numbers; Primes and Related Number Types; Digital Patterns in Positive Integers; Miscellaneous Varieties of Positive Integers; Index and Glossary of Numbers; Solutions to Exercises and Investigations;

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Book SynopsisThis resource volume is an enlargement as well as an update of the previous edition. The book aims to introduce the reader to over 100 different families of positive integers. A brief historical note accompanies the descriptions and examples of several of the families together with a mix of routine exercises and problems as well as some thought provokers to solve. Number Treasury3 especially aims to stimulate further study beyond the scope of the introductory treatment given in the book. The emphasis in Number Treasury3 is on doing not proving. However, the reader is directed to think critically about situations, to provide explanations, to make generalizations, and to formulate conjectures. To engage the reader from the start, the book begins with a set of rich Investigations. These are standalone activities that represent each of the chapters of the book.

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Book SynopsisThis unique volume presents a fruitful and beautiful mathematical world hidden in Caianiello's neuronic equations, which describe the instantaneous behavior of a model of a brain or thinking machine. The detailed analysis from a viewpoint of “dynamical systems”, even in a single neuron case, enables us to obtain amazingly good rational approximations to the Hecke-Mahler series with two variables. Some interesting numerical applications of our rational approximations are also discussed.This book is fundamentally self-contained and many topics required in it are explained from the beginning. Each chapter contains a number of instructive and mostly original exercises at various levels.Table of ContentsThis unique volume presents a fruitful and beautiful mathematical world hidden in Caianiello's neuronic equations, which describe the instantaneous behavior of a model of a brain or thinking machine. The detailed analysis from a viewpoint of "dynamical systems", even in a single neuron case, enables us to obtain amazingly good rational approximations to the Hecke-Mahler series with two variables. Some interesting numerical applications of our rational approximations are also discussed.This book is fundamentally self-contained and many topics required in it are explained from the beginning. Each chapter contains a number of instructive and mostly original exercises at various levels.

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Book SynopsisBased on the successful 7th China-Japan seminar on number theory conducted in Kyushu University, this volume is a compilation of survey and semi-survey type of papers by the participants of the seminar. The topics covered range from traditional analytic number theory to elliptic curves and universality. This volume contains new developments in the field of number theory from recent years and it provides suitable problems for possible new research at a level which is not unattainable. Timely surveys will be beneficial to a new generation of researchers as a source of information and these provide a glimpse at the state-of-the-art affairs in the fields of their research interests.Table of ContentsOn Modular Relations (T Arai, K Chakraborty and S Kanemitsu); Figurate Primes and Hilbert's 8th Problem (T-X Cai, Y Zhang and Z-G Shen); Statistical Distribution of Roots of a Polynomial Modulo Prime Powers (Y Kitaoka); A Survey on the Theory of Universality for Zeta and L-Functions (K Matsumoto); Complex Multiplication in the Sense of Abel (K Miyake); Problems on Combinatorial Properties of Primes (Z-W Sun);

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Book SynopsisThis volume is an outgrowth of the program Modular Representation Theory of Finite and p-Adic Groups held at the Institute for Mathematical Sciences at National University of Singapore during the period of 1-26 April 2013. It contains research works in the areas of modular representation theory of p-adic groups and finite groups and their related algebras. The aim of this volume is to provide a bridge — where interactions are rare between researchers from these two areas — by highlighting the latest developments, suggesting potential new research problems, and promoting new collaborations.It is perhaps one of the few volumes, if not only, which treats such a juxtaposition of diverse topics, emphasizing their common core at the heart of Lie theory.Table of ContentsRepresentation Theory and Cohomology of Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier Algebras (Alexander S Kleshchev); p-Modular Representations of p-Adic Groups (Florian Herzig); Cyclotomic Quiver Hecke Algebras of Type A (Andrew Mathas); l-Modular Representations of p-Adic Groups (l <> p) (Vincent Secherre);

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Book SynopsisThis volume consists of a selection of research-type articles on dynamical systems, evolution equations, analytic number theory and closely related topics. A strong emphasis is on a fair balance between theoretical and more applied work, thus spanning the chasm between abstract insight and actual application. Several of the articles are expected to be in the intersection of dynamical systems theory and number theory. One article will likely relate the topics presented to the academic achievements and interests of Prof. Leutbecher and shed light on common threads among all the contributions.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to give a systematic exposition of results in some important cases where p-adic families and p-adic L-functions are studied. We first look at p-adic families in the following cases: general linear groups, symplectic groups and definite unitary groups. We also look at applications of this theory to modularity lifting problems. We finally consider p-adic L-functions for GL(2), the p-adic adjoint L-functions and some cases of higher GL(n).Table of ContentsAn Overview of Serre's p-Adic Modular Forms (Miljan Brakocevic and R Sujatha); p-Adic Families of Ordinary Siegel Cusp Forms (Jacques Tilouine); Ordinary Families on Definite Unitary Groups (Baskar Balasubramanyam and Dipramit Majumdar); Modularity Lifting Theorems for Ordinary Galois Representations (David Geraghty); p-Adic L-Functions for GL(2) (Mladen Dimitrov); Arithmetic of Adjoint L-Values (Haruzo Hida); p-Adic L-Functions for GL(n) (Debargha Banerjee and A Raghuram); Non-Triviality of Generalised Heegner Cycles Over Anticyclotomic Towers: A Survey (Ashay Burungale); The Euler System of Heegner Points and p-Adic L-Functions (Ming-Lun Hsieh); Non-Commutative q-Expansions (Mahesh Kakde);

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Book SynopsisPrime Numbers, Friends Who Give Problems is written as a trialogue, with two persons who are interested in prime numbers asking the author, Papa Paulo, intelligent questions. Starting at a very elementary level, the book advances steadily, covering all important topics of the theory of prime numbers, up to the most famous problems. The humorous conversations and the inclusion of a back-story add to the uniqueness of the book. Concepts and results are also explained with great care, making the book accessible to a wide audience.

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Book SynopsisPrime Numbers, Friends Who Give Problems is written as a trialogue, with two persons who are interested in prime numbers asking the author, Papa Paulo, intelligent questions. Starting at a very elementary level, the book advances steadily, covering all important topics of the theory of prime numbers, up to the most famous problems. The humorous conversations and the inclusion of a back-story add to the uniqueness of the book. Concepts and results are also explained with great care, making the book accessible to a wide audience.

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Book SynopsisThe book first explains the main properties of analytic functions in order to use them in the study of various problems in p-adic value distribution. Certain properties of p-adic transcendental numbers are examined such as order and type of transcendence, with problems on p-adic exponentials. Lazard's problem for analytic functions inside a disk is explained. P-adic meromorphics are studied. Sets of range uniqueness in a p-adic field are examined. The ultrametric Corona problem is studied. Injective analytic elements are characterized. The p-adic Nevanlinna theory is described and many applications are given: p-adic Hayman conjecture, Picard's values for derivatives, small functions, branched values, growth of entire functions, problems of uniqueness, URSCM and URSIM, functions of uniqueness, sharing value problems, Nevanlinna theory in characteristic p>0, p-adic Yosida's equation.

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Book SynopsisNatural numbers are the oldest human inventions. This volume describes their nature, laws, history and current status. The first five chapters contain not only the basics of elementary number theory for the convenience of teaching and continuity of reading, but also many latest research results. For the first time in history, the Chinese Remainder Theorem is renamed the Qin Jiushao Theorem to give him the full credit for his establishment of this famous theorem in number theory. Chapter 6 is about the fascinating congruence modulo an integer power, and Chapter 7 introduces a new problem extracted by the author from the classical problems of number theory, which is out of the combination of additive number theory and multiplicative number theory.In this volume, there is supplementary material after each section to broaden the reader's knowledge and imagination. It either discusses the rudiments of some aspects or introduces new topics, such as the perfect number problem, Goldbach's conjecture, the twin prime conjecture, the 3x + 1 problem, Waring's problem, Catalan's conjecture, Euler's conjecture, Fermat's Last Theorem, etc.Originally published in Chinese as in 2014, The Book of Numbers is written for anyone who loves natural numbers. The author is not only a mathematician, but also a literary and science writer, with more than 20 books published, many of which were translated into 20 languages.Table of ContentsThe Mystery of Natural Numbers; The Concept of Congruence; Congruence; Quadratic Residue; The nth Power Residues; Congruence Modulo Integer Power; Additive and Multiplicative Number Theory;

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Book Synopsis1. Preliminaries.- 2. Minkowski's Fundamental Theorem and its Applications.- 3. Lattices.- 4. Minima of Positive De nite Quadratic Forms.- 5. Critical Determinant.- 6. Successive Minima.- 7. Packings Density.- 8. Coverings.- 9. Homogeneous Minimum.- 10. Inhomogeneous Problems.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to familiarize the reader with fundamental topics in number theory: theory of divisibility, arithmetrical functions, prime numbers, geometry of numbers, additive number theory, probabilistic number theory, theory of Diophantine approximations and algebraic number theory. The author tries to show the connection between number theory and other branches of mathematics with the resultant tools adopted in the book ranging from algebra to probability theory, but without exceeding the undergraduate students who wish to be acquainted with number theory, graduate students intending to specialize in this field and researchers requiring the present state of knowledge.Trade Review"The book is a treasure trove of interesting material on analytic, algebraic, geometric and probabilistic number theory, both classical and modern. These topics are connected with other parts of mathematics in a scholarly way. It is a welcome addition to the literature on number theory." Mathematical Reviews "Relevant recent results with proofs beyond the scope of the book are quoted and there is a good bibliography. The exposition is clear and should present no undue difficulty to the reader. The translation from the original Polish has been well done." Bull. London Math. Soc.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to familiarize the reader with fundamental topics in number theory: theory of divisibility, arithmetrical functions, prime numbers, geometry of numbers, additive number theory, probabilistic number theory, theory of Diophantine approximations and algebraic number theory. The author tries to show the connection between number theory and other branches of mathematics with the resultant tools adopted in the book ranging from algebra to probability theory, but without exceeding the undergraduate students who wish to be acquainted with number theory, graduate students intending to specialize in this field and researchers requiring the present state of knowledge.Trade Review"The book is a treasure trove of interesting material on analytic, algebraic, geometric and probabilistic number theory, both classical and modern. These topics are connected with other parts of mathematics in a scholarly way. It is a welcome addition to the literature on number theory." Mathematical Reviews "Relevant recent results with proofs beyond the scope of the book are quoted and there is a good bibliography. The exposition is clear and should present no undue difficulty to the reader. The translation from the original Polish has been well done." Bull. London Math. Soc.

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