Nuclear physics Books

Book SynopsisThe book is a quantitative treatment of the theory and natural variations of light stable isotopes, and includes more than 100 original applications. Isotope distribution is rigorously discussed in the context of fractionation processes, thermodynamics, mass conservation, exchange kinetics and diffusion theory. The theoretical principles are illustrated with natural examples, emphasizing oygen and hydrogen isotope variations in natural waters, terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks, and hydrothermal systems. New data on meteoric precipitation, rivers, and hydrothermal systems are included.Trade Review"Reacting to what he sees as an unfortunate migration of funding from fundamental scientific research to applications deemed politically important, Criss seeks to reconnect the diverse observations of isotope distributions to the quantitative theories of physical chemistry emphasized by earlier scientists. Instead of case histories, which he cites only when they exemplify quantitative principles or convey new and important possibilities, he offers translations of the principles of statistical and classical thermodynamics, kinetics, and diffusion theory into the language of isotope distribution, the fundamental variable of which is the isotope ration."--SciTech Book News "Reacting to what he sees as an unfortunate migration of funding from fundamental scientific research to applications deemed politically important, Criss seeks to reconnect the diverse observations of isotope distributions to the quantitative theories of physical chemistry emphasized by earlier scientists. Instead of case histories, which he cites only when they exemplify quantitative principles or convey new and important possibilities, he offers translations of the principles of statistical and classical thermodynamics, kinetics, and diffusion theory into the language of isotope distribution, the fundamental variable of which is the isotope ration."--SciTech Book NewsTable of Contents1: Abundance and Measurement of Stable Isotopes 1.1: Discovery of Isotopes 1.2: Nuclide Types, Abundances, and Atomic Weights 1.3: Properties and Fractionation of Isotopic Molecules 1.4: Material Balance Relationships 1.5: Mass Spectrometers 1.6: Notation and Standards 1.7: Summary 1.8: Problems References 2: Isotopic Exchange and Equilibrium Fractionation 2.1: Isotopic Exchange Reactions 2.2: Basic Equations 2.3: Molecular Models 2.4: Theory of Isotopic Fractionation 2.5: Temperature Dependence of Isotopic Fractionation Factors 2.6: Rule of the Mean 2.7: Isotopic Thermometers 2.8: Summary 2.9: Problems References 3: Isotope Hydrology 3.1: Variations of D and ¹]8O in the Hydrosphere 3.2: Variations of D and ¹]8O in Waters from Deep Geologic Environments 3.3: Liquid-Vapor and Ice-Vapor Equilibria 3.4: Rayleigh Fractionation 3.5: Examples of Natural Meteoric Precipitation 3.6: Isotopic Variations in Streamflow 3.7: Isotopic Variations in Groundwaters 3.8: Summary 3.9: Problems References 4: Nonequilibrium Fractionation and Isotopic Transport 4.1: Kinetics of Isotopic Exchange 4.2: Examples of Isotopic Exchange Kinetics 4.3: Evaporation 4.4: Lake Balance 4.5: Isotopic Flux and Soil Evaporation 4.6: Kinetic Fractionation Factors 4.7: Isotopic Distribution in the Atmosphere 4.8: Mass-Independent Fractionation 4.9: Summary 4.10: Problems References 5: Igneous Rocks, Meteorites, and Fluid-Rock Interactions 5.1: Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Geochemistry of Rocks 5.2: Igneous Rocks: Primary Crystallization 5.3: Igneous Rocks: Subsolidus Processes 5.4: Hydrothermal Systems 5.5: Extraterrestrial Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopic Compositions 5.6: Summary 5.7: Problems References Appendices A.1 Important Nuclides of Light Elements A.2 Selected Physical Constants A.3 Definitions, Formulas, and Approximations A.4 Selected Oxygen Isotope Fractionation Factors between Various Phases and Water Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is a guide to the practical application of statistics in data analysis as typically encountered in the physical sciences. It is primarily addressed at students and professionals who need to draw quantitative conclusions from experimental data. Although most of the examples are taken from particle physics, the material is presented in a sufficiently general way as to be useful to people from most branches of the physical sciences. The first part of the book describes the basic tools of data analysis: concepts of probability and random variables, Monte Carlo techniques, statistical tests, and methods of parameter estimation. The last three chapters are somewhat more specialized than those preceding, covering interval estimation, characteristic functions, and the problem of correcting distributions for the effects of measurement errors (unfolding).Trade Review"Glen Cowan is a particle physicist who seems to have got everything right. Results are stated clearly, without mathematical proof but with enough explanation to satisfy the physicist's need to understand not only how, but also why...Those teaching an advanced undergraduate or graduate course in statistics or physicists will find this a good textbook...Do not be fooled by the fact that it does not have the "textbook look" - the exercises have been made available separately on a Web site. " CERN CourierTable of ContentsPreface ; Notation ; 1. Fundamental Concepts ; 2. Examples of Probability Functions ; 3. The Monte Carlo Method ; 4. Statistical Tests ; 5. General Concepts of Parameter Estimation ; 6. The Method of Maximum Likelihood ; 7. The Method of Least Squares ; 8. The Method of Moments ; 9. Statistical Errors, Confidence Intervals and Limits ; 10. Characteristic Functions and Related Examples ; 11. Unfolding ; Bibliography ; Index

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications.Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics.The book''s aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master''s level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.Trade ReviewStarting from a thorough introduction of fundamentals easily understood by the non-specialist and arriving at the cutting edge of modern device application, this well-produced volume offers an important reference for researchers and students in physics and optics. * Silvano Donati, Optics & Phototonics News *a gem of a book... easy to read and conceptual discussions are well supported by numerous examples, plots, and illustrations of excellent quality. * Peter Krizan, CERN Courier *...the authors provide the community with a fantastic resource for all aspects of modern instrumentation in the scientific and societal applications of particle physics. This monumental textbook, with its almost 1000 pages, covers in a very comprehensive, clear and inclusive way all the basic physics and technologies for detectors. Each of the topics is introduced in an accessible manner for advanced graduate students, including concrete examples, and is then further developed in depth for experts. This also makes it a precious reference book. * Peter Jenni, Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg and Experimental Physics Department, CERN *Before I opened the cover of the book, I made a list of topics that I feel should be covered in a comprehensive treatise on particle detection. As I read through, I found that each one of those, and many more, are treated with an admirable balance of technical depth and readability. I highly recommend this book for any "student" of nuclear instrumentation, whether at the beginning of or deep into their career. The book promises to be an invaluable resource for many years to come. * Bruce Schumm, Physics Department, University of California at Santa Cruz *Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Overview, history and concepts 3: Interactions of particles and matter 4: Movement of charge carriers in electric and magnetic fields 5: Signal formation by moving charges 6: Non-electronic detectors 7: Gas-filled detectors 8: Semiconductor detectors 9: Track reconstruction and momentum measurement 10: Photodetectors 11: Cherenkov detectors 12: Transition radiation detectors 13: Scintillation detectors 14: Particle identification 15: Calorimeters 16: Detectors for cosmic particles, neutrinos and exotic matter 17: Signal procesisng, readout and noise 18: Trigger and data acquisition systems

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Crystalline State and Crystal Lattice.- Finite Symmetry Elements and Crystallographic Point Groups.- Infinite Symmetry Elements and Crystallographic Space Groups.- Formalization of Symmetry.- Nonconventional Symmetry.- Properties, Sources, and Detection of Radiation.- Fundamentals of Diffraction.- The Powder Diffraction Pattern.- Structure Factor.- Solving the Crystal Structure.- Powder Diffractometry.- Collecting Quality Powder Diffraction Data.- Preliminary Data Processing and Phase Analysis.- Determination and Refinement of the Unit Cell.- Solving Crystal Structure from Powder Diffraction Data.- Crystal Structure of LaNi4.85Sn0.15.- Crystal Structure of CeRhGe3.- Crystal Structure of Nd5Si4.- Empirical Methods of Solving Crystal Structures.- Crystal Structure of NiMnO2(OH).- Crystal Structure of ,i.tma V3O71.- Crystal Structure of ma2Mo7O221.- Crystal Structure of Mn7(OH)3(VO4)41.- Crystal Structure of FePO4.- Crystal Structure of Acetaminophen, C8H9NO2.Trade ReviewFrom a review of the first edition: “The book is well written and organized. The authors’ enthusiasm and dedication to the subject matter are clearly evident. I find the book to be not only an excellent introduction to structural characterization, but also a valuable introduction to the world of the working crystallographer. The text is rich in references to internet resources, software, literature, organizations, databases, and institutions that x-ray researchers employ routinely. As a class text the book could be used in an introductory course for third or fourth year undergraduates in materials science, chemistry, physics, or geochemistry. The detailed structural treatments may be too much for the typical introductory x-ray diffraction course, but students would be adding a valuable text for future reference to their libraries. The sections are also ideal for more advanced coursework at the graduate level. Beyond the classroom, any researcher desiring structural information on materials would benefit from this book.” - Materials Today, July/August 2004 Amazon.com readers: http://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Diffraction-Structural-Characterization-Materials/dp/0387241477/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1229536007&sr=8-1Table of ContentsFundamentals of Crystalline State and Crystal Lattice.- Finite Symmetry Elements and Crystallographic Point Groups.- Infinite Symmetry Elements and Crystallographic Space Groups.- Formalization of Symmetry.- Nonconventional Symmetry.- Properties, Sources, and Detection of Radiation.- Fundamentals of Diffraction.- The Powder Diffraction Pattern.- Structure Factor.- Solving the Crystal Structure.- Powder Diffractometry.- Collecting Quality Powder Diffraction Data.- Preliminary Data Processing and Phase Analysis.- Determination and Refinement of the Unit Cell.- Solving Crystal Structure from Powder Diffraction Data.- Crystal Structure of LaNi4.85Sn0.15.- Crystal Structure of CeRhGe3.- Crystal Structure of Nd5Si4.- Empirical Methods of Solving Crystal Structures.- Crystal Structure of NiMnO2(OH).- Crystal Structure of ,i.tma V3O71.- Crystal Structure of ma2Mo7O221.- Crystal Structure of Mn7(OH)3(VO4)41.- Crystal Structure of FePO4.- Crystal Structure of Acetaminophen, C8H9NO2.

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Book SynopsisThis book, written by a non-statistician for non-statisticians, emphasises the practical approach to those problems in statistics which arise regularly in data analysis situations in nuclear and high-energy physics experiments. Rather than concentrating on formal proofs of theorems, an abundant use of simple examples illustrates the general ideas which are presented, showing the reader how to obtain the maximum information from the data in the simplest manner. Possible difficulties with the various techniques, and pitfalls to be avoided, are also discussed. Based on a series of lectures given by the author to both students and staff at Oxford, this common-sense approach to statistics will enable nuclear physicists to understand better how to do justice to their data in both analysis and interpretation.Trade Review'The book should be essential reading … for all graduate students in the field and will be welcomed by their supervisors.' Contemporary Physics'It should be a valuable tool in any physical scientist's armour.' The Australian PhysicistTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Experimental errors; 2. Probability and statistics; 3. Distributions; 4. Parameter fitting and hypothesis testing; 5. Detailed examples of fitting procedures; 6. Monte Carlo calculations; Appendices; Bibliography; Index.

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