Nuclear chemistry, photochemistry and radiation Books

Book SynopsisThe Journal of the American Chemical Society says this reference provides "a wealth of information on frontier photochemistry" and "could easily serve as a definitive source of background information for future researchers. " This volume features critical evaluations written by recognized experts and covers cutting-edge advances.Table of ContentsEnsemble Photophysics of Rigid Polyphenylene Based Dendritic Structures (M. Lor, G. Schweitzer, M. Van Der Auweraer, J. Hofkens, and F. C. De Schryver). Photochemistry of Short-Lived Species Using Multibeam Irradiation (Mamoru Fujitsuka and Tetsuro Majma). Two-Photon Physical, Organic, and Polymer Chemistry: Theory, Techniques, Chromophore Design, and Applications (Bernd Strehmel and Veronika Strehmel). Index. Cumulative Index Volumes.

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Book SynopsisVolume 28 contains chapters representing the cutting edge of research relative to advances in photochemistry. * Hypericin and its Perylene Quinone Analogs: Probing Structure, Dynamics, and Interactions with the Environment. * Thiophosgene, a Tailor-Made Molecule for Photochemical and Photophysical Studies.Table of ContentsHypericin and Its Perylene Quinone Analogs: Probing Structure, Dynamics, and Interactions with the Environment (K. DAS, M. HALDER, P. K. CHOWDHURY, J. PARK, Y. ALEXEEV, M. S. GORDON, AND J. W. PETRICH). Thiophosgene: A Tailor-Made Molecule for Photochemical and Photophysical Studies (DAVID C. MOULE, TAKASHIGE FUJIWARA, AND EDWARD C. LIM). 1,2-Cycloaddition Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds and Pentaatomic Heterocyclic Compounds (M. D. D’AURIA, L. EMANUELE, AND R. RACIOPPI). The Invention of Dylux1 Instant-Access Imaging Materials and the Development of Habi Chemistry—A Personal History (ROLF DESSAUER). Index. Cumulative Index, Volumes 1–28.

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Book Synopsis Pertaining to homeland security, this title is a comprehensive guide to radiation protection caused by accidents or terrorism Provides essential strategies and guidance for protecting ports and examines the latest nuclear detection devices that can be deployed Explains the procedures in FEMA''s National Incident Management System Gives specific details for first responders and emergency workers on how to prepare for and handle radiological incidents Table of ContentsPreface xv Foreword xvii Acknowledgments xix 1 Nuclear Fear—The Godzilla of All Fears 1 1.1 The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 2 1.2 Nuclear Fallout in America 2 1.3 WMDs: Witnesses of Mass Destruction 3 1.4 Fear and the Film Industry 4 1.5 Celluloid Spies 5 1.6 Atomic Nature Run Amok 6 1.7 Post-War Nuclear Reactions 7 1.8 The Specter of Cold War 8 1.9 The Fearful Fifties 9 1.10 Dr. Strangelove and Learning to Love the Bomb 10 1.11 Nuclear Terror Revisited 12 1.12 Chernobyl’s Impact on Contemporary Views of Nuclear Energy 13 1.13 The Myth of the Lone Madman 15 1.14 Fear of an Unknown Atom 15 2 Terrorism and Nuclear Fire 17 2.1 A Prophetic Warning 17 2.2 History of Terrorism 18 2.3 Terrorism (Un)Defined 20 2.4 Legal Taxonomy of Terrorism 23 2.5 The Defining Principles of Terrorism 27 2.6 Nation States: Fuel for Nuclear Fire 28 2.7 Global Mass Media: The Oxygen of Terrorism 30 2.8 Extremists Groups: The Spark that Ignites Terrorism 31 2.9 Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Nightmare 35 3 Radiation and Radioactivity Concepts 37 3.1 What, Exactly, Is Radiation? 38 3.2 Units of Radioactivity 40 3.3 The Different Types of Radioactive Decay 40 3.4 Measuring Radioactivity 41 3.5 Environmental Radiation 43 3.6 Radiation from Nuclear Power Plants 44 3.7 The Benefits of Radiation on Health and Medicine 45 3.8 The Benefits of Radiation on Agriculture 47 3.9 The Benefits of Radiation on Industry 48 3.10 The Benefits of Radiation on National Security 49 3.11 The Benefits of Radiological and Nuclear Material on International Security 50 4 Nuclear Countermeasures and Nuclear Security 53 4.1 Security of Radiation Sources 54 4.2 Atomic Authorization 55 4.3 Safety of Radiation Sources 56 4.4 Enforcing International Standards of Safety 57 4.5 Meeting Global Needs for Energy 58 4.6 Difficulties of Radioactive Disposal 59 4.7 A Radiation Role Model 61 4.8 Nuclear Applications to Increase Public Safety and National Security 62 4.9 Current Nuclear and Radiation Countermeasures 64 5 Nuclear Events and Incidents 65 5.1 The Search for Nuclear Substances 66 5.2 Diplomatic Reasoning 67 5.3 Inferring Nuclear Intent 69 5.4 Nuclear Arms in the Wrong Hands 70 5.5 A More Active Defense 72 5.6 Should Diplomacy Fail 73 5.7 A Closer Look at Nuclear Weapons 73 5.8 Nuclear Blast Force 75 5.9 Nuclear Thermal Force 75 5.10 Radioactive Force 75 5.11 Radiological Dispersion Devices 77 6 Radiological Incidents Management and Planning 79 6.1 Threat Assessment 80 6.2 Medical Stockpiling 81 6.3 Medical Development 83 6.4 Readying the Response Infrastructure 85 6.5 Evaluating the Medical Countermeasure Enterprise 86 6.6 The Good News: Areas of Improvement 88 6.7 Protective Action Guidelines 90 6.8 The Role of the Military in a Radiological Emergency 91 7 Role of the First Responder 97 7.1 Structure of the First Response Team’s Patterns of Action 98 7.2 Role of the First Response Team 98 7.3 Protection of Responders and the Public 99 7.3.1 Basic Precautions 99 7.3.2 Registration of Emergency Response Personnel 100 7.4 Lessons Learned from First Response to Past Emergencies 100 7.5 Manage the Medical Response 102 7.6 Manage Criminal and Terrorist Threats After a Radiological Event 103 7.7 Launching the First Response 104 7.8 Incident Command 104 7.9 Members of the First Response Team 105 7.10 Preliminary Assessment and Response 107 7.11 Emergency Response Team 108 7.12 Incident Commander Action Guide 109 7.12.1 Observe and Assess 110 7.12.2 Save Lives and Prevent Escalation 110 7.12.3 Extend the Response 110 7.13 Resource Coordinator Action Guide 111 7.14 Fire Departments Action Guide 111 7.15 Emergency Medical Service Action Guide 112 7.16 Law Enforcement/Security Team Action Guide 113 7.17 Forensic Evidence Management Team Action Guide 113 7.18 Public Information Officer Action Guide 114 7.19 Crisis Communication Tips 115 7.20 Local Hospital Action Guide 115 7.21 National EOC Action Guide 116 7.22 First Responder Monitor Action Guide 117 8 Action Plans 119 8.1 Assess Hazard and Establish Security Area 119 8.2 Personnel Protection Guidelines 120 8.3 Public Protection Guidelines 121 8.4 Public Registration 122 8.5 Monitor the Public and Responders 123 8.6 Public Decontamination 124 8.7 Response Contamination Control 125 8.8 Monitoring and Decontamination of Vehicles and Equipment 126 8.9 Field Triage for Mass Casualties 127 9 Medicaltreatment of Radiological Injuries 129 9.1 The Radiological Effects of RDDs 129 9.2 Radioactivity and Its Impact on the Body 130 9.3 Symptoms and Syndromes 132 9.4 Emergency Assessment 133 9.5 Signs of Dangerous Radiation Dosages 134 9.6 Treatments for Radiation Exposure 136 9.7 Post-Radiation Procedures 137 9.8 Psychological Side Effects 138 9.9 Psychological First Aid 139 9.10 Treating Terror 140 10 Cleanup and Decontamination After a Radiological Incident 141 10.1 Differences between Chemical, Biological, and Radiological 141 10.2 Decontamination Differences for Fallout and a RDD 142 10.3 Who will be in Charge of Cleanup and Decontamination? 143 10.4 Radiological Cleanup Overview and Objectives 144 10.5 Radiological Cleanup Decision Making 145 10.6 Initial Cleanup Scoping 146 10.7 Stakeholder Outreach and Stakeholder Working Group 147 10.8 Evaluation of Cleanup Options 147 10.9 Specific Guidelines for Cleanup and Decontamination 148 10.10 The “Do Nothing” Strategy 148 10.11 Physical Removal Strategy 149 10.12 Physical Entrapment Strategy 149 10.13 Chemical Decontamination Strategy 150 10.14 Use of Isotope Dilution for Decontamination 151 10.15 Priorities for Decontamination 152 11 Conclusions 155 11.1 Nuclear Terror: Are We Prepared Internationally? 155 11.2 Who is Internationally Responsible for Nuclear Countermeasures? 156 11.3 Nuclear Terror: Are We Prepared Nationally? 158 11.4 What We Know About the Inevitable 159 Appendix A Radioactive Contamination Monitoring 161 A.1 Introduction 162 A.2 Types of Nuclear Detection Equipment 163 A.3 Dose Rate Meters 164 A.4 Dosimeters 164 A.5 Surface Contamination Meters 166 A.6 Airborne Contamination Meters and Gas Monitors 166 A.7 Basic Radiation Instrument Components 168 A.8 Ionization Chambers as Gas-Filled Detectors 168 A.9 Proportional Counters and Gas Amplification 169 A.10 Geiger-Müller Counters and Detector Output 170 A.11 Practical Ionization Chamber Instruments 171 A.12 Practical Proportional Counters 172 A.13 Practical Geiger-Müller Counters 173 A.14 Scintillation Counters 173 A.15 Practical Bulk Scintillation Counters 174 A.16 Practical Scintillation Counter Contamination Monitors 175 A.17 Solid State Detectors 175 A.18 Practical Solid State Detectors 176 A.19 Testing Dose Rate Meters 177 A.20 Procedures for Using a Dose Rate Meter 178 A.21 Testing and Calibration of Surface Contamination Meters 179 A.22 Use of a Surface Contamination Meter 179 A.23 Procedures for Using a Surface Contamination Meter 180 A.24 Special Surface Contamination Monitoring Techniques 181 A.25 The Measurement of Airborne Contamination 182 A.26 Criteria for the Selection of Monitoring Instruments 182 Appendix B List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 185 Appendix C Radiologicalterms 195 Appendix D Radiological Attack—Radiological Dispersal Devices—Incident Planning Guide 217 Appendix E Federal Agencies Governing the Immediate Response to a Radiological Event 231 E.1 Introduction 231 E.1.1 Purpose 231 E.1.2 Scope 232 E.1.3 Policies 233 E.1.4 Headquarters Planning and Preparedness 236 E.2 Situation 237 E.3 Planning Assumptions 238 E.4 Responsibilities 239 E.4.1 General 239 E.4.2 Coordinating Agencies 242 E.5 Key Federal Radiological Resources/Assets 248 E.6 Concept of Operations 252 E.6.1 General 252 E.6.2 Notification 252 E.6.3 Activation 253 E.6.4 ICS Implementation 255 E.7 Response Activities 255 E.8 Recovery 261 E.9 Federal Capabilities and Assets 273 Appendix F Potential Isotopes Likely to Be Used in a Radiological Dispersion Device 275 Bibliography 281 Index 285

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive survey of the entire field of catalysis in polymer synthesis covering the majority of essential aspects from basic organic, organometallic and bio-chemistry to industrial production. Particular emphasis is placed on precision polymerization, where the catalyst plays a key role in the fabrication of innovative polymers. Precision polymerization enables the production of polymers with precisely controlled structures, molecular weight, distribution and stereochemistry, free from defects.Table of ContentsTransition Metal Catalysis: Part 1. Transition Metal Catalysis: Part 2. Rare Earth Metal Catalysis. Radical Polymerization Catalysis. Anionic Catalysis. Cationic Catalysis. Enzymatic Catalysis. Polymerization Without Catalyst. Index.

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Book SynopsisHow much radiation is too much? This title examines the evolution, over more than a hundred years, of radiation protection standards and efforts to ensure radiation safety for nuclear workers and for the general public.Table of ContentsLIST OF FIGURES PREFACE 1. The Discovery of Radiation and Its Hazards 2. The Debate over Nuclear Power and Radiation 3. The Role of Federal Agencies in Radiation Protection 4. New Controversies, New Standards 5. The Ambiguities of Radiation Effects ESSAY ON SOURCES INDEX

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Book SynopsisScholarship on nuclear topics has largely happened on a case study basis, with books focusing on individual disasters or locations. Making the Unseen Visible brings a variety of current community and scholarly work together to create a clearer, larger web uniting nuclear humanities research across time and geography.

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Book SynopsisPhosphors for Radiation Detector Phosphors for Radiation Detectors Discover a comprehensive overview of luminescence phosphors for radiation detection In Phosphors for Radiation Detection, accomplished researchers Takayuki Yanagida and Masanori Koshimizu deliver a state-of-the-art exploration of the use of phosphors in radiation detection. The internationally recognized contributors discuss the fundamental physics and detector functions associated with the technology with a focus on real-world applications. The book discusses all forms of luminescence phosphors for radiation detection used in a variety of fields, including medicine, security, resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and high energy physics. Readers will discover discussions of dosimeter materials, including thermally stimulated luminescent materials, optically stimulated luminescent materials, and radiophotoluminescence materials. The book also covers transparent ceramics and glasses and a broad range of devicesTable of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xiii Series Preface xv 1 Ionizing Radiation Induced Luminescence 1Takayuki Yanagida 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Interactions of Ionizing Radiation with Matter 3 1.3 Scintillation 4 1.3.1 Energy Conversion Mechanism 4 1.3.2 Emission Mechanism 5 1.3.3 Scintillation Light Yield and Energy Resolution 8 1.3.4 Timing Properties 14 1.3.5 Radiation Hardness 17 1.3.6 Temperature Dependence 18 1.4 Ionizing Radiation Induced Storage Luminescence 18 1.4.1 General Description 18 1.4.2 Analytical Description of TSL 19 1.4.3 Analytical Description of OSL 24 1.5 Relationship of Scintillation and Storage Luminescence 26 1.6 Common Characterization Techniques of Ionizing Radiation Induced Luminescence Properties 29 References 35 2 Organic Scintillators 39Masanori Koshimizu 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Basic Electronic Processes in Organic Scintillators 40 2.2.1 Electronic States and Excited States Dynamics of Organic Molecules 40 2.2.2 Excitation Energy Transfer 43 2.2.3 Scintillation Dynamics in Organic Scintillators at High Linear Energy Transfer 50 2.3 Liquid Scintillators 51 2.4 Organic Crystalline Scintillators 54 2.5 Plastic Scintillators 55 2.6 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Scintillators 59 2.6.1 Loaded Organic Scintillators 59 2.6.2 Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposite Scintillators 60 References 61 3 Inorganic Oxide Scintillators 67Daisuke Nakauchi, Noriaki Kawaguchi, and Takayuki Yanagida 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 Crystal Growth 67 3.3 Outlines of Oxide Scintillators 70 3.4 Silicate Materials 73 3.4.1 Ce:Gd2SiO5 (Ce:GSO) 73 3.4.2 Ce:Lu2SiO5 (Ce:LSO) 74 3.4.3 Ce:Gd2Si2O7 (Ce:GPS) 76 3.4.4 LPS 77 3.5 Garnet Materials 77 3.5.1 Ce:Y3Al5O12 (Ce:YAG) 77 3.5.2 Ce:Lu3Al5O12 (Ce:LuAG), Pr:Lu3Al5O12 (Pr:LuAG) 79 3.5.3 Ce:Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (Ce:GAGG) 79 3.5.4 Ce:Tb3Al5O12 (Ce:TAG) 80 3.6 Perovskite Materials 82 3.6.1 Ce:YAlO3 (Ce:YAP) 82 3.6.2 Ce:LuAlO3 (Ce:LuAP) 82 3.7 Materials with Intrinsic Luminescence 83 3.7.1 CdWO4 83 3.7.2 Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) 84 3.7.3 PbWO4 85 References 85 4 Inorganic Fluoride Scintillators 91Noriaki Kawaguchi, Hiromi Kimura, Daisuke Nakauchi, Takumi Kato, and Takayuki Yanagida 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Crystal Growth of Fluorides 94 4.2.1 Classification of Methods for Crystal Growth 94 4.2.2 Furnace Materials, Atmosphere, and Scavengers for Fluoride Crystal Growth 95 4.2.3 Fluoride Crystal Growth Methods by Pulling Out from the Melt 96 4.2.4 Fluoride Crystal Growth Methods by Solidifying the Melt in the Crucible 98 4.2.5 Fluoride Crystal Growth Methods Without Using Crucibles 99 4.3 Outline of Fluoride Scintillators 100 4.4 Fluoride Scintillators for γ-Ray Detection 101 4.4.1 Fluoride Scintillators Based on Luminescence from 5d-4f Transitions of Ce3+ Ions 101 4.4.2 Fluoride Scintillators Based on Core-Valence Luminescence 102 4.4.3 VUV Emitting Fluoride Scintillators Doped with Nd3+, Er3+, and Tm3+ Ions 105 4.5 Fluoride Scintillators for Neutron Detection 106 4.5.1 Review for Neutron Scintillators 106 4.5.2 LiCaAlF6 Single Crystals 108 4.5.3 LiF/CaF2 Eutectic Composites 111 4.6 Fluoride Scintillators for Charged Particle Detection 113 4.6.1 Methods for Charged Particle Detection 113 4.6.2 CaF2 Based Scintillators for Charged Particle Detection 115 References 117 5 Inorganic Halide Scintillators 121Yutaka Fujimoto 5.1 Introduction: History of Inorganic Halide Scintillator Research and Development 121 5.2 Characteristics of Halide Materials 122 5.2.1 Formation of Color Center and Self-Trapped Exciton 122 5.2.2 Hygroscopicity 123 5.3 Basic Techniques for Halide Scintillation Crystal Growth 125 5.4 Novel Ternary and Quaternary Halide Scintillators 127 5.4.1 Alkali Halide-Rare Earth Halide (AX–REX3) 127 5.4.2 Alkali Halide-Alkalin Earth Halide (AX–AEX2) 130 5.4.3 Elpasolite 134 5.5 Mixed-Anion Halide Scintillators 135 5.6 Next Generation of Halide Scintillators 137 5.6.1 Hf-and Tl-Based Halide Scintillators 137 References 141 6 Semiconductor Scintillators 147Naoki Kawano 6.1 Introduction 147 6.2 Photoluminescence and Scintillation Mechanisms in Semiconductors 149 6.3 Various Semiconductor Scintillators 154 6.3.1 Undoped Semiconductor Scintillator 155 6.3.2 Doped Semiconductor Scintillator 158 6.4 Quantum Size Effect 161 6.5 Organic–Inorganic Perovskite-Type Compounds 165 6.5.1 Introduction 165 6.5.2 Materials and Structures 166 6.5.3 Sample Preparation 167 6.5.4 Fundamental Optical Property 169 6.5.5 Scintillation 173 References 178 7 Thermally Stimulated Luminescent (TSL) Materials 181Kiyomitsu Shinsho 7.1 Introduction 181 7.2 TSL Phenomenon 184 7.2.1 Basic Principles of TSL 184 7.2.2 Theory and Measurement of Glow Curves 185 7.3 TSL Materials: Fluoride, Oxides, Sulfates, and Borate 190 7.3.1 Fluorides 190 7.3.2 Oxides 198 7.3.3 Sulfates 202 7.3.4 Borates 204 7.4 TSL Dosimetric Properties for Photons, Charged Particles, and Neutrons 206 7.4.1 TSL Dosimetric Properties for Photons 206 7.4.2 TSL Dosimetric Properties for Charged Particles 211 7.4.3 TSL Dosimetric Properties for Neutrons 214 7.5 Two-Dimensional (2-D) TSL Dosimetry 214 7.5.1 Introduction 214 7.5.2 Types of 2-D TSLDs 215 7.5.3 Measurement Systems 216 7.5.4 Application of 2-D TSLDs in Photon Beam Radiotherapy 218 7.5.5 Outlook for 2-D TSLDs 220 References 220 8 Optically-Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeters 225Hidehito Nanto and Go Okada 8.1 Introduction 225 8.2 Principles of OSL Phenomenon 226 8.3 OSL Materials and Dosimeters 235 8.4 Applications of OSL 239 8.5 Future Perspective 242 References 243 9 Radiophotoluminescence (RPL) 247Go Okada, Takayuki Yanagida, Hidehito Nanto, and Safa Kasap 9.1 Introduction 247 9.2 RPL Phenomenon and the Definition 248 9.3 RPL Materials and Applications 249 9.3.1 Introduction 249 9.3.2 Ag-Doped Sodium-Aluminophosphate Glasses 252 9.3.3 Al2O3:C,Mg 260 9.3.4 LiF 264 9.3.5 Sm-Doped Compounds 268 9.3.6 Other RPL Materials 276 9.4 Conclusions 278 References 278 10 New Materials for Radiation Detectors: Transparent Ceramics 283Takumi Kato, Noriaki Kawaguchi, and Takayuki Yanagida 10.1 Introduction of Transparent Ceramic Materials 283 10.1.1 Light Scattering Sources in Ceramics 283 10.1.2 History and Applications on Transparent Ceramics 285 10.2 Preparation Methodology 287 10.2.1 Sintering Mechanism of Ceramics 287 10.2.2 Effect of Residual Pores 290 10.2.3 Preparation Methods of Transparent Ceramics 291 10.3 Transparent Materials 292 10.4 Transparent Ceramic Scintillator 293 10.4.1 Sesquioxide (Such as Y2O3, Gd2O3, and Lu2O3) 293 10.4.2 Gd2O2S (GOS) 294 10.4.3 Garnet Materials (Such as YAG, LuAG, and GAGG) 294 10.4.4 Lu2SiO5 (LSO) 296 10.4.5 SrHfO3 296 10.4.6 La2Zr2O7 and La2Hf2O7 296 10.4.7 ZnO 296 10.4.8 BaF2 297 10.4.9 CeF3 298 10.4.10 CsBr 299 10.4.11 LaBr3 299 10.4.12 SrI2 300 10.5 Transparent Ceramics for Dosimeter 300 10.5.1 Al2O3 300 10.5.2 CaF2 302 10.5.3 MgO 302 10.5.4 MgF2 303 10.5.5 CsBr 304 10.5.6 Y3Al5-xGaxO12 (YAGG) 305 References 306 11 Luminescence in Glass-Based Materials by Ionizing Radiation 311Hirokazu Masai and Kenji Shinozaki 11.1 Introduction 311 11.2 Structural and Physical Properties of Glass 312 11.3 Attenuation of Quantum Beam as Shielding Materials 320 11.4 Defect Formation in Oxide Glass by Quantum Beam Irradiation 320 11.5 Scintillation in Oxide Glass 323 11.5.1 Glass Scintillators for X-Ray and γ-Ray 323 11.5.2 Glass Scintillators for Neutrons 325 11.5.3 Storage Luminescence in Glass 328 11.6 Scintillation and Dosimetry in Non-oxide Glass 329 11.7 Preparation of Glass 335 11.7.1 Melt Process 335 11.7.2 Vapor Process and Fiber Drawing 337 11.7.3 Liquid Process 338 11.8 Future Prospectives for Glass-Based Materials 338 Acknowledgement 339 References 339 12 Detectors Using Radiation Induced Luminescence 347Kenichi Watanabe 12.1 Introduction 347 12.2 General Issues to Manufacturing the Detector 349 12.3 Scintillation Detectors for Gamma-Rays and X-Rays 352 12.3.1 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer 352 12.3.2 Survey Meter and Area Monitor 356 12.3.3 Scintillation Detectors for Medical Applications 358 12.3.4 Scintillation Detectors for Other Applications 364 12.4 Scintillation Detectors for Charged Particles 366 12.5 Scintillation Detectors for Neutrons 368 12.5.1 Thermal Neutron Detectors 368 12.5.2 Fast Neutron Detectors 377 12.6 Personal Dosimeters 380 12.6.1 TL-Based Dosimetry System 380 12.6.2 OSL-Based Dosimetry System 381 12.6.3 RPL-Based Dosimetry System 382 12.7 OSL-Based Imaging System 383 References 384 Index 387

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Book SynopsisThis topical book addresses the need for emerging economies in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe to find a new, sustainable growth model that fosters continued convergence with the EU without leading to the build-up of new vulnerabilities.The expert contributions frame the discussion on balanced growth in Europe, deal with the legacy of the old growth model (such as managing disrupted capital flows and deleveraging), and provide insights from the growth strategies of Russia and Turkey as well as the adjustment process of successful small CESEE countries. They focus on providing a multi-disciplinary assessment, combining the views of policy-makers and academics with those of central and commercial bankers.This book will prove a thought-provoking read for academics, researchers and students in the fields of economics - particularly international economics - and finance, money and banking. Policy-makers and economists interested in European integration and emerging European economies will also find this book to be an invaluable resource.Contributors: A.F. Aysan, G. Bisagni, D. Bogov, M. Dabrowski, M. Ferrazzi, A. Filardo, M. Gächter, L. Gattini, M.H. Güler, A. Hansson, S. Honkapohja, R. Jela i , K. Knot, I. Korhonen, A. Krstevska, E. Liikanen, E. Nowotny, C. Orman, E. Plato, P. Pumberger, M. Randveer, D. Revoltella, A. Riedl, D. Ritzberger-Grünwald, K. Sonin, E. Tuomi, S. VerkaartTable of ContentsContents: Preface PART I: FRAMING THE DISCUSSION ON BALANCED GROWTH IN EUROPE 1. The Necessity of Sustainable Growth and Continued Income Convergence in Europe Ewald Nowotny 2. Changes in Banking in the Run-up to the Crisis Erkki Liikanen 3. Restarting Growth in Europe after the Great Recession: CEE versus Other Countries Seppo Honkapohja and Iikka Korhonen 4. The European Debt Crisis and a Stable Design of EMU Klaas Knot and Silvie Verkaart PART II: STOP AND GO OF CAPITAL FLOWS AND DELEVERAGING 5. Managing Stop–Go Capital Flows in Asian Emerging Markets: Lessons for the CESEE Economies Andrew Filardo 6. CESEE Banks Deleveraging or Rebalancing? Lessons from the EIB Bank Lending Survey Luca Gattini and Debora Revoltella 7. Managing Capital Flows in a Globalized Economy Marek Dabrowski PART III: GROWTH STRATEGIES OF EU NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES: RUSSIA AND TURKEY 8. Russia in 2012: The Challenge of Reforming the Economy Without a Political Reform Konstantin Sonin 9. Sustaining Growth in Emerging Markets: The Role of Structural and Monetary Policies Ahmet Faruk Aysan, Mustafa Haluk Güler and Cüneyt Orman PART IV: SMALL-COUNTRY EXPERIENCES IN ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT 10. Business Cycle Convergence or Decoupling? Economic Adjustment of CESEE Countries During the Crisis Martin Gächter, Aleksandra Riedl and Doris Ritzberger-Grünwald 11. South-Eastern Europe: Impacts from the Crisis, Vulnerabilities and Adjustments Dimitar Bogov and Aneta Krstevska 12. Economic Adjustment in the Baltic Countries Ardo Hansson and Martti Randveer PART V: A PRACTITIONER’S VIEW 13. Basel III from a Practitioner’s Perspective Esa Tuomi and Eriks Plato 14. Banks’ Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe Radovan Jelašić 15. Banking in CEE: Less Growth, More Balance Gianfranco Bisagni, Matteo Ferrazzi and Pia Pumberger Index

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Book Synopsis Contemporary optics is the foundation of many of today’s technologies including various focusing and defocusing devices, microscopies and imaging techniques. Light and X-ray Optis for Materials Scientists and Engineers offers a guide to basic concepts and provides an accessible framework for understanding this highly application-relevant branch of science for materials scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, and engineers trained in different disciplines. The text links the fundamentals of optics to modern applications, especially for promotion of nanotechnology and life science, such as conventional, near-field, confocal, phase-contrast microscopies and imaging schemes based on interference and diffraction phenomena. Written by a noted expert and experienced instructor, the book contains numerous worked examples throughout to help the reader gain a thorough understanding of the concepts and information presented. The text covers a wide range of relevant topics, including reflection, refraction, and focusing phenomena, wave polarization and birefringence in crystals, optics in negative materials, metamaterials, and photonic structures, holography, light and X-ray interferometry, extensive description of diffraction optics, including dynamical X-ray diffraction, and more.

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Book SynopsisThere are several hundred thousand nuclear gauges incorporating a radioactive source or a radiation generator in use all over the world. They have been used in a wide range of industries to improve the quality of products, optimize processes, and save energy and materials. The economic benefits have been amply demonstrated, and there is clear evidence that nuclear gauge technology can be used safely and will continue to play an important role. Although generic guidance for source handling is available, there have been no targeted recommendations for radiation safety in the use of nuclear gauges. To fill this gap the current publication provides practical guidance for implementing the safety requirements specified in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3, Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards, related to the use of nuclear gauges

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Book SynopsisThis publication focuses on the medical management of individuals involved in radiation emergencies, especially those who have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. Its primary objective is to provide practical information, to be used for treatment decisions by medical personnel during a radiation emergency. It also addresses general and specific measures for the medical management of individuals who have been internally contaminated with radionuclides. This publication is complementary to other publications developed by the IAEA in the medical area of radiation emergencies.

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Book SynopsisRadionuclides of both natural and human made origin exist throughout the environment. These radionuclides can be transferred to plants and animals that are consumed by humans, thereby resulting in exposure to ionizing radiation and an internal radiation dose. This Safety Report provides information on the observed distributions of concentrations of natural radionuclides in various food products, on the use of 'total diet' and other studies to assess ingestion doses, and on radionuclide concentrations in natural mineral waters. Different dose assessment methodologies are presented and the advantages and disadvantages of each is discussed, along with approaches used for managing non-radioactive contaminants in food. This publication is jointly sponsored by the IAEA, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. It is intended to support Member States in the assessment and management of radionuclides in food, and the alignment of national policies with Requirement 51 of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR.

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Book SynopsisThe IAEA has a long-standing history of providing radiotherapy dosimetry audits in its Member States. This publication summarizes the methodologies resulting from the work of four coordinated research projects (CRPs) and offers information on experiences collected during the development of dosimetry audit programmes and their implementation at national levels. It also sets the framework and provides advice on the structure of dosimetry audit centres and discusses the general approach for audit development and the necessary background to conduct dosimetry audits in radiotherapy by national organizations. It provides technical and scientific details, as well as practical experiences of the audit steps developed under these CRPs. Any organization developing national audit programmes for radiotherapy can use this publication as a reference and to learn from the experiences of other national audit networks.

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Book SynopsisArtificial sources of radiation are commonly used in the manufacturing and service industries, research institutions and universities, and the nuclear power industry. As a result, workers can be exposed to artificial sources of radiation. There are also a significant number of workers, such as underground miners and aircrew, who are exposed to naturally occurring sources of radiation. This publication, prepared in collaboration with the International Labour Organization, and with reference to IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3 provides guidance for individuals and organizations on the assessment of prospective cancer risks due to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation for prevention purposes. It describes cancer risk assessment theory, models and methodologies, and offers practical examples of carrying out these assessments.

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Book SynopsisPreclinical or nonclinical evaluation is an integral part of the development of any drug. The process of developing a new radiopharmaceutical includes rigorous testing before it can be cleared for use in humans. There must be in-depth characterization of its behaviour to assess its safety and suitability for the intended clinical application. This publication provides a baseline guide for preclinical evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals that will give its readers a general review of the requirements of a facility and insight into the various scientific activities that constitute this process. The principles and protocols discussed herein will provide guidelines for biological assessment of candidate compounds, which are consistent with the principles of good laboratory practices to generate valid nonclinical scientific data towards approval for clinical translation. This publication is intended not only for researchers engaged in radiopharmaceutical development, but also for the Member States planning to set up or upgrade facilities for radiopharmaceuticals' research.

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Book SynopsisThis Safety Report provides practical guidance to governments, regulatory bodies, other relevant competent authorities, and building and construction material industries on setting up arrangements for regulatory control relevant to building and construction materials that give rise to radiation exposures at any step in their life cycle. These steps would include raw material production, manufacturing, supply and end use. It also considers the responsibilities of the suppliers of raw, waste or recycled materials for incorporation into building or construction materials, and it covers verification programmes for building and construction materials prior to their use as well as in completed construction projects.

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Book SynopsisThis IAEA Safety Report describes neutron monitoring procedures and equipment that may be used for radiation protection in nuclear power production, medical and industrial applications, research institutions and civil air service. It provides guidance on measuring operational quantities of neutron radiation and practical advice for safely carrying out neutron radiation protection dosimetry, including methods for establishing traceability of those measurements to national standards. This publication is intended for designers and manufacturers of radiation monitors and personal dosimeters and radiation protection professionals who develop radiation protection standards or neutron monitoring programmes.

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) established by the General Assembly in 1955 assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionising radiation on human health and the environment. This is the first of four volumes of scientific annexes that presents the supporting scientific deliberations for the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report to the United Nations General Assembly. Annex A 'Medical exposure to ionizing radiation' presents a comprehensive global estimate of the frequencies and doses from medical exposure, their distribution and trends in medical categories in the 2009-2018 period. The annex considers four general categories of medical practice using ionizing radiation: (a) diagnostic radiology, including dental radiology and computed tomography, (b) interventional radiology (image-guided interventional procedures), (c) nuclear medicine and (d) radiation therapy

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) established by the General Assembly in 1955 assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionising radiation on human health and the environment. This is the second of four volumes of scientific annexes that provides the supporting scientific deliberations for the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report to the United Nations General Assembly. Annex B 'Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station: implications of information published since the UNSCEAR 2013 Report' summarises all relevant scientific information (peer reviewed literature and monitoring data) available up to the end of 2019. These data relate to the levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The aim of the report is to provide a summary of all scientific information and an appraisal of the implications of this information for the UNSCEAR 2013 Report

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) established by the General Assembly in 1955 assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation on human health and the environment. This is the third of four volumes of scientific annexes provide the supporting scientific deliberations for the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report to the General Assembly. Annex C 'Biological mechanisms relevant for the inference of cancer risks from low dose and low-dose rate radiation' synthesizes the current knowledge on biological mechanisms of radiation actions at low doses and low-dose-rates, and assesses the implications for understanding the processes of cancer development after exposure to ionizing radiation, and for dose-response relationships of radiation-induced cancers

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) established by the General Assembly in 1955 assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation on human health and the environment. This is the last of four volumes of scientific annexes provide the supporting scientific deliberations for the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report to the General Assembly. Annex D 'Evaluation of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation' presents the estimated average annual effective and collective doses to workers for each major work sector and sub-sector involving the use of ionizing radiation; estimated worldwide level of occupational exposure for different sectors involving exposure to natural sources and to human-made sources of radiation; and analysis of temporal trends in occupational exposure. It is based on data provided by United Nations Member States and international organizations, as well as peer reviewed literature and national reports on radiation exposure to workers

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Book SynopsisThis proceedings volume results from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on 'Biomarkers of Radiation in the Environment: Robust Tools for Risk Assessment (BRITE)’. The BRITE workshop discussed insights from cancer research, epigenetics, non-human and human risk assessment, since many of the state-of-the-art biomarkers being developed for humans deserve consideration for environmental applications and vice versa. Sessions were very wide-ranging covering methods, mechanisms, cross disciplinary application and regulation.The chapters in this book have been grouped into five major themes that were covered by the BRITE workshop:· Techniques for biomarker development· Low-dose effect mechanisms· Biomarkers for risk evaluation· Biomarkers in wildlife· Biomarker use and responses Each chapter has been written independently and reflects the views of the chapter author(s). Therefore, the readers can form their own balanced view of the different perspectives on biomarkers of radiation in the environment. Given the breadth of topics covered and the state-of-the-art perspectives shared by leading experts in their respective fields, this book should form a valuable resource for anyone with an interest in how biomarkers can be used to improve our understanding of radiation in the environment and its potential impacts.Table of ContentsTECHNIQUES FOR BIOMARKER DEVELOPMENT.- Chapter 1. Reducing Uncertainties In Live Monitoring Of Radiation In Wildlife; T. Cresswell.- Chapter 2. Synchrotron Light Facilities And Applications In Life Sciences; V.M. Tsakanov.- Chapter 3. Elemental Imaging In Biology Using Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy; K. Brown.-LOW-DOSE EFFECT MECHANISMS.- Chapter 4. Modelling Direct And Indirect Effects Of Radiation: Experimental, Clinical And Environmental Implications; S.C. Brueningk, G.P. Powathil.- Chapter 5. Immune Networks In The Context Of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation; D. Schaue et al.- Chapter 6. Learning From Nato Biomarker Research For Humans; A. Giovannetti et al.- BIOMARKERS FOR RISK EVALUATION.- Chapter 7. Exosomes As Radiation Biomarkers; K.K. Jella.- Chapter 8. Monitoring Very Low Dose Radiation Damage In Dna Using “Field-Friendly” Biomarkers; K. Rothkamm, S. Burdak-Rothkamm.- Chapter 9. The Development Of Bio-Assays Based On Non-Targeted Effects Of Radiation; A Potential Worm-Hole Into Ecosystem Level Biomarkers; C. Mothersill. BIOMARKERS IN WILDLIFE.- Chapter 10. Birds As Bioindicators Of Radioactive Contamination And Its Effects; A. Bonisoli-Alquati.- Chapter 11. Amphibians In Field Radioecology: A Review And Perspective; G. Orizaola.- Chapter 12. Measuring Adaptive Responses Following Chronic And Low Dose Exposure In Amphibians; M. Audette-Stuart et al.- Chapter 13. Are There Ecosystem-Relevant Endpoints For Measuring Radiation Impacts?; C. Bradshaw.-Chapter 14. Biomarkers And Ecological Indicators For Environmental Radioactivity In Invertebrates; K. Raines et al.- BIOMARKER USE AND RESPONSES.- Chapter 15. Biomarkers Of Radiation And Risk Assessment By Ionizing Radiation, Countermeasures For Radiation Protection Of Environment, Workers And Public; L. Qafmolla.- Chapter 16. Application Of The International System Of Radiation Protection In Fit-For-Purpose Assessment Of Impacts; T.L. Yankovich.- Chapter 17. Practicalities Of Mainstreaming Biomarker Use – A Canadian Perspective; S. Mihok, M. McKee.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a readable and thought-provoking analysis of the issues surrounding nuclear fuel reprocessing and fast-neutron reactors, including discussion of resources, economics, radiological risk and resistance to nuclear proliferation. It describes the history and science behind reprocessing, and gives an overview of the status of reprocessing programmes around the world. It concludes that such programs should be discontinued. While nuclear power is seen by many as the only realistic solution to the carbon emission problem, some national nuclear establishments have been pursuing development and deployment of sodium-cooled plutonium breeder reactors, and plutonium recycling. Its proponents argue that this system would offer significant advantages relative to current light water reactor technology in terms of greater uranium utilization efficiency, and that separating out the long-lived plutonium and other transuranics from spent fuel and fissioning them in fast reactors would greatly reduce the duration of the toxicity of radioactive waste. However, the history of efforts to deploy this system commercially in a number of countries over the last six decades has been one of economic and technical failure and, in some cases, was used to mask clandestine nuclear weapon development programs. Covering topics of significant public interest including nuclear safety, fuel storage, environmental impact and the spectre of nuclear terrorism, this book presents a comprehensive analysis of the issue for nuclear engineers, policy analysts, government officials and the general public. "Frank von Hippel, Jungmin Kang, and Masafumi Takubo, three internationally renowned nuclear experts, have done a valuable service to the global community in putting together this book, which both historically and comprehensively covers the “plutonium age” as we know it today. They articulate in a succinct and clear manner their views on the dangers of a plutonium economy and advocate a ban on the separation of plutonium for use in the civilian fuel cycle in view of the high proliferation and nuclear-security risks and lack of economic justification." (Mohamed ElBaradei, Director General, International Atomic Energy Agency (1997-2009), Nobel Peace Prize (2005))"The 1960s dream of a ‘plutonium economy’ has not delivered abundant low-cost energy, but instead has left the world a radioactive legacy of nuclear weapons proliferation and the real potential for nuclear terrorism. Kang, Takubo, and von Hippel explain with power and clarity what can be done to reduce these dangers. The governments of the remaining countries whose nuclear research and development establishments are still pursuing the plutonium dream should pay attention.” (Senator Edward Markey, a leader in the US nuclear-disarmament movement as a member of Congress since 1976)"The authors have done an invaluable service by putting together in one place the most coherent analysis of the risks associated with plutonium, and the most compelling argument for ending the practice of separating plutonium from spent fuel for any purpose. They have given us an easily accessible history of the evolution of thinking about the nuclear fuel cycle, the current realities of nuclear power around the world and, arguably most important, a clear alternative path to deal with the spent fuel arising from nuclear reactors for decades to centuries to come." (Robert Gallucci, Chief US negotiator with North Korea (1994); Dean, Georgetown University School of Foreign Service (1996-2009); President, MacArthur Foundation (2009-2014)) Trade Review“This book is highly recommended. The entire remarkable story of plutonium is told with crystal clarity and detailed scholarship, fully referenced with helpful end notes.” (Gordon Edwards, Peace Magazine, Vol. 36 (3), 2020)Table of ContentsOVERVIEW 1. Overview Dreams of plutonium breeder reactors Downsides of breeders Much more uranium found and demand growth much lower than projections Reprocessing spent power-reactor fuel A wake-up call from India’s nuclear test Plutonium fuel for light-water reactors Reprocessing for radioactive-waste management? The nightmares THE DREAM 2. The dream: a future powered by plutonium Dual-purpose reactors How plutonium is made ­Light-water reactors and uranium enrichment Plutonium breeder reactors THE NIGHTMARES 3. Civilian plutonium separation and nuclear-weapon proliferation Nuclear-weapon proliferation The wake-up call of Smiling Buddha The Carter administration’s review of the US breeder-reactor program Electricity consumption growth slows and nuclear power stalls Fading of the breeder dream Legacies of the failed breeder-reactor dream 4. Continuation of plutonium separation without breeder reactors France: Recycling plutonium in light-water reactors United Kingdom: A reprocessing program finally winding down Japan: The only non-nuclear-armed country with a reprocessing program Russia: Continuing breeder reactor development Weapon-usability of reactor-grade plutonium The persistence of civilian reprocessing 5. A much worse accident that almost happened in Fukushima: A fire in a dense-packed spent fuel pool Concerns about fires in spent-fuel pools Land contamination by cesium-137 Regulatory considerations in the United States Potential impacts from spent-fuel-pool fires in South Korea A PATH FORWARD 6. Early dry-cask storage: A safer alternative to dense-packed pools and reprocessing Dry storage Cost advantages Safety advantages Central storage How long can dry storage endure? Transport Conclusions 7. Deep disposal of spent fuel without reprocessing Reprocessing and proliferation The modest environmental hazard from plutonium in a spent-fuel repository Can reprocessing significantly reduce the size of a radioactive-waste repository? Hazards of reprocessing Conclusions 8. The case for a ban on reprocessing A Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty Attempts to limit stocks of civilian plutonium Parallel efforts to limit HEU use A ban on plutonium separation Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book, the third in the series Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment, is dedicated to Fukushima. Major findings from research since 2011 are reviewed concerning the behavior of radionuclides released into the environment due to the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, including atmospheric transport and fallout of radionuclides, their fate, and transport in the soil-water environment, behavior in freshwater, coastal and marine environment, transfer in the terrestrial and agricultural environment. Volume III discusses not only radionuclides dynamics in the environment in the short- and mid-term, but also modeling and prediction of long-term time changes.Along with reviews, the book contains original data and results not published previously. It was spearheaded by the authors from the Institute of Environmental Radioactivity at Fukushima University, established two years after the Fukushima accident, with their collaborators from Japan, Russia, and Ukraine. The knowledge emerging from the studies of the environmental behavior of Fukushima-derived radionuclides enables us to move forward in understanding mechanisms of environmental contamination and leads to better modeling and prediction of long-term pollution effects in general. Table of ContentsPart 1 Atmospheric transport and fallout of radionuclides 1 Air dose rate in Fukushima Prefecture measured during March 2011, the first organized measurement after Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident 2 Atmospheric transport and deposition of Fukushima-derived radionuclides 3 Airborne radiation survey after the accident Part 2 Fate and transport of radionuclides in soil-water environment 4 Behavior of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in the soil-water environment: Review 5 Dynamics of radiocesium solid–liquid distribution coefficient in a soil-water environment 6 An overview of Fukushima-derived strontium radioisotopes 7 Erosion and redeposition of sediments and sediment-associated radiocesium on river floodplains (the Niida River basin and the Abukuma River as an example) Part 3 Radionuclide behavior in freshwater environment 8 Dynamics of radiocesium in urban river in Fukushima-city 9 Temporal variations in particulate and dissolved 137Cs activity concentrations in the Abukuma River during two high-flow events in 2018 10 The effect of groundwater bypass at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2014 by detailed facies analysis and 3D groundwater simulation 11 Modeling of behavior of Fukushima-derived radionuclides in freshwater Part 4 Radionuclide behavior in coastal and marine environment 12 Spatiotemporal variation of radiocesium in coastal and oceanic seawater 13 Spatiotemporal variation of radiocesium in coastal marine sediment 14 Cesium radioactivity in marine and freshwater products and its relation to the restoration of fisheries in Fukushima: A decade review Part 5 Radionuclide transfer in agricultural environment 15 Spatial distribution and temporal change of 137Cs activity concentration in dissolved and suspended fractions of irrigation waters collected from Fukushima 16 Mineralogical factors controlling the ability to retain 137Cs in Andosols in Japan 17 Soil Properties Affecting Soil-to-Crop Transfer of Fukushima-Derived Radiocesium 18 Model of radionuclide uptake by plants via foliar pathway: Kyshtym, Сhernobyl, Fukushima Part 6 Radionuclide transfer in terrestrial environment 19 Behavior of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in forest ecosystems 20 Radiocesium contamination in wild rodents inhabiting forested areas inside the evacuated area in Fukushima, Japan 21 Concentrations and transfer parameters of 137Cs for wild boar 22 Variation of cesium-137 concentration in wild boar and Asian black bear 23 Physicochemical fractions of radiocesium in the stomach con-tents of wild boar and its transfer to muscle tissue

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisBioinorganic photochemistry seeks to understand the interaction of these enzymes and proteins with light, and represents a significant challenge to chemists in many areas.Trade Review"Overall Bioinorganic Photochemistry presents a broad, qualitative overview of photochemical topics largely focused on the interface of inorganic chemistry with biological, medical, and environmental issues. The book will be of interest to those working in the field who are interested in surveying how photochemistry is applied in a variety of biologically relevant areas." (Journal of the American Chemistry Society, October 2009)Table of ContentsPart I. Introduction 1. Philosophy of bioinorganic photochemistry Part II. Fundamentals 2. Light and matter 2.1. Nature of light 2.2. Accessible light sources 2.3. Interaction between light and matter 3. Formation and properties of electronic excited states 3.1. Wave mechanics and quantum numbers 3.2. Electronic excitation 4. Photophysical deactivation of electronic excited states 4.1. Spontaneous deactivation 4.2. Quenching 4.3. Coordination and organometallic compounds 5. Kinetics of the excited-state decay 6. Photochemical reactions 6.1.Photochemical reaction channels 6.2. Intramolecular photoreactions 6.3. Intermolecular photoreactions 6.4. The coordination compound specificity 6.5. Photosensitization 6.6. Homogeneous photocatalysis 7. Photochemistry and photophysics of supramolecular systems and nanoassemblies 7.1. From molecules through clusters to crystals 7.2. Metallic nanoparticles: metals in the embryonic state 7.3. Formation and decay of the excited states of semiconductors Part III. Natural photoprocesses involving inorganic compounds 8. From interstellar space to planetary atmospheres 8.1. Homogeneous systems: From interstellar space to planetary atmospheres and primitive soup models 8.2. Heterogeneous photochemistry in ice phases 9. Solar radiation and terrestrial environment 9.1. Solar radiation 9.2. Atmospheric photochemistry 9.3. Photochemistry in hydrosphere and lithosphere 9.4. Photochemical self-cleaning in the environment 10. Heretogeneous (photo)catalysis and biogenesis on Earth 10.1. (Photo)catalysis on chalcogenide semiconductors 10.2. Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation 10.3. Photocatalytic carbon dioxide fixation 10.4. „Fossils” of prebiotic catalysts: metal clusters in active centres of metalloenzymes 11. Foundation and evolution of photosynthesis 11.1. Photosynthetic structures 11.2. Oxygenic photosynthesis 11.3. Light harvesting antennas (LHC) 11.4. Electron transfer pathways in PSII and PSI 11.5. Oxygen evolving complex, OEC Part IV. Photochemistry and photophysics in bioinspired systems. Studies and modeling 12. Photoenzymes 12.1. Natural photoenzymes 12.2. Modified natural proteins/enzymes 12.3. Artificial photoenzymes 12.4. Towards mimicking the photosynthetic processes 13. Photoinduced electron transfer in proteins 13.1. Photochemical methodology 13.2. Biochemical applications 14. Nucleic acids photocleavage and charge transport 14.1. Mechanisms and strategies for advanced metallophotocleavers 14.2. Photoinduced DNA-mediated charge transport Part V. Towards applications 15. Light and biomatter (molecules, cells and tissues) 16. Fluorescent and chromogenic sensing and labeling 16.1. Cations as targets in biochemical sensing 16.2. Fluorescent and chromogenic sensing of anions 16.3. Optical detection of neutral molecules 16.4. Nanoparticles in biochemical sensing and labeling 17. Therapeutic strategies 17.1. Photobiostimulation 17.2. Photoactivation of drugs 17.3. Photodynamic therapy 17.4. Nanomedicine methods 18. Photodynamic inactivation 19. Photodelivery and phototargeting 20. Phototoxicity and photoprotection 20.1. Chemical and physical photoprotection 20.2. Inorganic sunscreens 21. Photocatalysis in the environmental protection 21.1. Development of homo- and heterogeneous methods 21.2. Homogeneous photocatalysis 21.2. Heterogeneous systems 21.3.New ideas in pollution abatement

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Book Synopsis

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