Neurosciences Books

Book SynopsisNeurosurgery has witnessed technological advances since its inception as a separate specialty. As with other medical specialties, it is constantly evolving and changing. This book is designed to help practitioners in the field of neurosurgery and allied neurosciences access the exciting and updated changes in neurosurgical topics in recent years. This book is not meant to be a standalone book for neurosurgery readers; rather, it provides recent complementary information to other texts. Topics discussed include general neurosurgery, neurosurgical oncology, functional neurosurgery, and CSF disorders. This book will be a helpful resource for trainees, researchers, and anyone practicing neurosurgery.

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Book SynopsisNEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The New York Times–bestselling author of The Brain That Changes Itself presents astounding advances in the treatment of brain injury and illness. Now in an updated and expanded paperback edition.Winner of the 2015 Gold Nautilus Book Award in Science & Cosmology In his groundbreaking work The Brain That Changes Itself, Norman Doidge introduced readers to neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to change its own structure and function in response to activity and mental experience. Now his revolutionary new book shows how the amazing process of neuroplastic healing really works. The Brain’s Way of Healing describes natural, noninvasive avenues into the brain provided by the energy around us—in light, sound, vibration, and movement—that can awaken the brain’s own healing capacities without producing unpleasant side effects. Doidge explores cases wh

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Book SynopsisNeurobiology of Cognition and Behavior is a cognitive neuroscience that maps cognitive/behavioral units with anatomical regions in the human brain. The brain-behavioral associations are based on functional neuroimaging combined with lesion studies. The findings will be used to explain differences in clinical syndromes with videos of patients included.Trade Review...challenging issues in the current neurobiology of cognition and behavior literature are addressed in detail in this extremely informative and accessible textbook. I highly recommend this volume for graduate-level libraries in cognitive psychology and the cognitive and clinical neurosciences. * Paul Tibbetts, Quarterly Review of Biology *This wonderfully instructive book covers cognitive neuroscience in behavioral numerology and neuropsychiatry. Anyone interested in behavioral/cognitive neurology, cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry, or neuropsychiatry ought to read it. * Michael Joel Schrift, DO, MA (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine), Doody's Notes *Behavioral neurology meets cognitive neuroscience and functional brain imaging! Hart synthesizes the latest and historical findings from clinical and cognitive neuroscience in a single volume that is highly readable, insightful, thought-provoking, and timely. This will be an invaluable resource to researchers studying cognitive disorders and to clinicians interested in the latest findings relating functional brain imaging paradigms to clinico-anatomic correlates and clinical manifestations of cognitive disorders. A unique contribution to the field that is a must for students of brain function at all levels across disciplines. * C. Munro Cullum, PhD, ABPP, Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, Pamela Blumenthal Distinguished Professor of Clinical Psychology, Chief of Neuropsychology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX *The Neurobiology of Cognition and Behavior is a masterfully organized and beautifully illustrated book that pays homage to classic behavioral neurology, while focusing sharply on contemporary cognitive neuroscience. John Hart brings clinical neurosciences to bear on our understanding of brain-behavior relationships and integrates these extraordinary syndromes with what we are learning from functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and non-invasive brain stimulation. This is an essential book for any student of the biological underpinnings of the mind. * - Anjan Chatterjee, MD, FAAN, Elliott Professor and Chief of Neurology, Pennsylvania Hospital, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia PA *As a behavioral neurologist and cognitive neuroscientist, Dr. Hart is in a perfect position to provide a unique view of where these two disciplines converge. The result is an outstanding monograph that I would highly recommend to anyone who seeks to learn about of the biological basis of the mind. * - Mark D'Esposito, MD, Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology, Director, Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, CA *John Hart has written an accessible, modern introduction to the neural basis of human cognition and behavior. The approach is grounded in brain anatomy, building on classic lesion studies and on modern advances in functional brain imaging and the cognitive neurosciences. The result is a lucid description of structures, pathways, processes, and networks that underpin major domains of cognitive function. This short, generously illustrated textbook on the functional neuroanatomy of cognition and behavior will be welcomed by students and trainees in the neurosciences, psychology, linguistics, neurology, and psychiatry. * Victor W. Henderson, MD, MS, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA *John Hart's The Neurobiology of Cognition and Behavior is a superb text from one of the greatest minds in the field. He starts by offering a conceptual framework and lexicon in simple but elegant language that provide the student with a unique tool for plumbing the depths of cognitive neuroscience in a critical fashion. Throughout the book, a respect for the history of the field is woven into a tapestry with recent lesion and neuroimaging work with an unmatched clarity. Although written in a language that will hold the interest of the neophyte, even the most seasoned cognitive neuroscientists teaching from this text will find novel and valuable insights. It is written in the engaging style we have come to expect from John Hart. I could not recommend any text more highly. Bravo! * Bruce A. Crosson, PhD, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA *Table of ContentsTable of Contents ; Preface ; 1. Cognition, Behavior, Brain, and Networks ; 2. Basic Neuroanatomy Review ; 3. Classic Aphasia Syndromes ; 4. Integrated Cognitive Neuroscience Approach to the Neural Basis of Language ; 5. Praxis ; 6. Episodic Memory and Amnesia ; 7. Higher-Order Visual Processing ; 8. Higher-Order Sensory Processing ; 9. Executive Functions/Cognitive Control Functions ; 10. Working Memory ; 11. Emotional Organization ; 12. White Matter and Cognition ; 13. Network Lesion Models ; 14. Conclusions ; Index

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Book SynopsisBrain Imaging: A Guide for Clinicians is designed to provide a foundation of information necessary for those wishing to integrate brain imaging into their practice, or to those who currently review brain scans but have minimal formal training in neuroimaging. The guide covers a range of topics important to those using brain imaging, such as the strengths and weaknesses of the many different techniques currently available, the factors that may influence the use of imaging data, common pitfalls or artifacts that may be misleading to the clinician, the most appropriate techniques to use given a specific clinical question or condition, how to interpret information presented on a brain image, and also how many pathological conditions appear on a variety of brain scanning techniques or sequences. This guide also provides detailed information regarding the identification of primary brain regions, anatomical structures, systems or pathways using both two-dimensional and three-dimensional imagiTrade ReviewThis well written and eminently readable book fills the gap between the student or practitioner with a rudimentary understanding of brain imaging techniques and the complex knowledge required by specialists. Rather than over simplify, the book focuses on what is necessary to understand these techniques in the context of clinical usefulness. ... This book provides the reader with the ability to understand the usefulness and limitations of brain imaging so that studies may be ordered appropriately with a clinical question in mind and not just as an indiscriminate screening tool. * H. Terry Hutchison, M.D., Ph.D., University of California, San Francisco - School of Medicine *Table of ContentsPreface ; Acknowledgments ; Introduction ; 1: THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BRAIN IMAGING ; Access to Brain Imaging ; Advantages of Using Brain Imaging in the Clinic ; Clues Regarding Extent of Injury ; Clues Regarding Type of Injury ; Clues to Location of Injury or Pathology ; Clues Regarding Prognosis and Expected Functional Outcome ; Clues Regarding Time Course for Recovery ; Concrete Information for Families ; Limitations: What Neuroimaging Often Does Not Provide the Clinician ; Brain imaging does not measure a patient's functioning ; Brain imaging may not provide information about electrochemical processes ; Brain imaging does not provide direct visualization of microscopic injury ; Brain scans often do not provide information regarding the etiology of damage ; Brain scans do not treat the patient ; Showing Damage on Brain Images May Not be Recommended ; What to Do When the Patient or Family Members Ask to See the Brain Scans ; What to Request When Writing Orders for Brain Imaging ; Radiologist Reports ; Anatomy versus Functioning ; 2: VIEWING AND INTERPRETING BRAIN SCANS ; Orientation and Image Plane ; Axial or Horizontal Orientation ; Axial Reformatting with Varying Slice Angles ; Coronal Orientation ; Sagittal Orientation ; When Right Is Left and Left Is Right ; Basic Clinical Interpretation ; Appearance of Brain Tissue on Different Types of Brain Scans ; Interpreting Findings on a Variety of Scans ; Use several image types or sequences when assessing for pathology ; Know what to look for, but also be conservative in your interpretation ; Symmetry as a Guide to Interpreting Brain Scans ; Evaluating Head Position in the Scanner ; Exercise caution when using symmetry as a guide ; Ventricular Dilation and Compression ; How much ventricular dilation can a person sustain without symptoms? ; Obstructive (Noncommunicating) Hydrocephalus ; Communicating Hydrocephalus ; Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus ; (Hydrocephalus ex vacuo) ; Transependymal Edema ; Ventricular Asymmetry ; Steroid Use ; Guide to General Appearance of Different Tissues on Brain Images ; Developmental Changes Evident on Neuroimaging ; Myelination ; Temporal Eff ects on Appearance of Brain Scans ; Use caution when assessing atrophy ; Temporal Eff ects due to Progression of an Illness ; Know what the imaging should look like before viewing it ; Diagnostic Pitfalls of Neuroimaging ; Being too Focused or Not Focused Enough ; Missing What Is Missing ; Missing Pathology in the Neutral Gray ; Stop Searching After Finding an Obvious Abnormality ; Consider All Possible Causes for a Particular "Pathological" Appearance ; Pitfalls of Knowing the Neuropathology and Anatomy of the Injury ; Quality of Brain Imaging ; DICOM Viewers ; Comparing Scans Acquired on Different Occasions ; Presentation of Simultaneous Images ; 3: IMAGING-BASED NEUROANATOMY ; Primary Anatomical Landmarks ; Ventricles ; Meningeal Layers ; Dura and Dural Reflections (Folds) ; Dural Venous Sinuses ; Arachnoid Layer ; Pia Mater ; White-Matter Pathways ; Centrum Semiovale ; Corpus Callosum ; Cingulum ; Corona Radiata ; Internal Capsule ; Optic Tract and Radiations ; Basic Anatomical Areas of the Brain ; Forebrain ; Telencephalon ; Mesencephalon ; Midbrain ; Hindbrain ; Vascular System ; Internal Carotid and Vertebral Artery Distributions to the Cortex ; Circle of Willis ; Watershed Area ; Appendix 3-1 ; 4: BRAIN IMAGING TECHNIQUES ; Image Quality ; Spatial Resolution ; Contrast Resolution ; Noise ; What Type of Scan to Use? ; Types of Imaging ; Static Brain Imaging ; Ultrasound ; Computer Axial Tomography (CAT/CT) ; Angiography/Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ; Hybrid Brain Imaging ; Diffusion-Weighted MRI (DWI) ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging-Fractional Anisotropy and Tractography ; Cerebral Perfusion-Weighted MRI (PWI) ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) ; Functional Brain Imaging ; Positron Emission Tomography (PET) ; Combined Positron Emission Tomography and CT (PET-CT) or MRI (PET-MRI) ; Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) ; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) ; Magnetic Encephalopathy (MEG-MSI) ; General Concerns about Clinical Use of Functional Brain Imaging ; Benefits of Using Multiple Functional Imaging Techniques for Each Patient ; 5: NEUROIMAGING OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES ; Focal Injury, Diffuse Injury, or a Combination? ; Post-Traumatic Hemorrhages ; Epidural Hemotoma/Hemorrhage (EDH) ; Subdural Hematoma/Hemorrhage (SDH) ; Examples of Subdural Hematomas/Hemorrhages ; Subarachnoid Hematoma/Hemorrhage ; Examples of Subarachnoid Hematomas/Hemorrhages ; Intraparenchymal Hemorrhages ; Petechial Hemorrhages ; Diff use Axonal Injury ; Hemorrhagic Contusions ; Contrecoup Injuries ; Common Locations for Hemorrhagic and Nonhemorrhagic Contusions ; Subcortical Hemorrhages ; Post-Traumatic Pneumocephalus ; Post-Traumatic Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ; Laminar Necrosis due to Hypoxic Ischemic Infarction ; Second-Impact Syndrome ; Intraventricular Hemorrhages ; Post-Traumatic Vasospasm ; Intracerebral Edema ; Midline Shift and Asymmetrical Compression the of Ventricles ; Loss of Gray-White Differentiation ; Blast Injuries ; Imaging Changes over Time Following SevereTraumatic Brain Injury ; Penetrating Injuries ; Penetration by Bone or Debris ; Gunshot Wounds ; Low-Velocity Penetrating Injuries ; High-Velocity Penetrating Injuries ; Shotgun Injuries ; Nonaccidental Trauma (NAT) ; Suspected Nonaccidental Trauma but Not Nonaccidental Trauma ; 6: NONTRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES ; Infections of the Brain ; Meningitis ; Encephalitis and Cerebritis ; Meningoencephalitis ; Abscess ; Empyema ; Stroke and Vascular Pathologies ; Imaging Nontraumatic Hemorrhagic Strokes-Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) ; Hemorrhagic Cavernomas ; Bleeding Disorders Resulting in Spontaneous Hemorrhage ; Nonhemorrhagic and Embolic Ischemic Strokes ; Blockage of Venous Flow ; Loss of Internal Carotid Flow Without Stroke-Related Symptoms ; Diffuse Hypoxic Encephalopathy ; Watershed Infarctions ; White-Matter Disorders ; Multiple Sclerosis (MS) ; Acute Disseminated Encephalomyalitis (ADEM) ; Toxic Damage to White Matter ; Neoplasm ; Diffuse, Infiltrating, and Nonenhancing Tumor ; Diffuse, Infiltrating, and Contrast-Enhancing Tumor ; Encapsulated Nonenhancing Cystic Tumor ; Encapsulated Contrast-Enhancing Tumor ; Hydrocephalus due to Tumor Growth ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders ; Cortical Dysplasia ; Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum (ACC) ; Polymicrogyria ; Anencephaly ; Holoprosencephaly ; Schizencephaly ; Multiple Neurodevelopmental Conditions ; Parasitic Disorders ; 7: BRAIN ATLAS ; Index ; Index of Clinical Examples

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Book SynopsisOne goal of researchers in neuroscience, psychology, and artificial intelligence is to build theoretical models that can explain the flexibility and adaptiveness of biological systems. How to Build a Brain provides a guided exploration of a new cognitive architecture that takes biological detail seriously while addressing cognitive phenomena. The Semantic Pointer Architecture (SPA) introduced in this book provides a set of tools for constructing a wide range of biologically constrained perceptual, cognitive, and motor models. Examples of such models are provided to explain a wide range of data including single-cell recordings, neural population activity, reaction times, error rates, choice behavior, and fMRI signals. Each of the models addressed in the book introduces a major feature of biological cognition, including semantics, syntax, control, learning, and memory. These models are presented as integrated considerations of brain function, giving rise to what is currently the world''sTrade ReviewHow to Build a Brain takes on a daunting task, focusing on those parts that we think are important for memory, attention, and planning. Previous attempts at building a cognitive architecture have used symbols or connectionist networks, but Eliasmith uses spiking neurons and models specific brain regions. Categories and semantics emerge from the architecture. The way that all these moving parts work together provides insights into both the nature of cognition and brain function." * Terrence Sejnowski, Professor and Laboratory Head, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, Francis Crick Chair, Salk Institute *Eliasmith offers a unified theory of cognition that rests on the mechanism of a semantic pointer, namely, a compressed neural representation that can stand as a symbol for a more detailed semantic state or be decompressed to reproduce it, in compositional cognitive processes. Ambitious state-of-the-art modeling grounds the semantic pointer architecture in populations of spiking neurons, providing concrete neural accounts of high-level processes, including attention, learning, memory, syntax, semantics, and reasoning. Along with offering a powerful new approach for integrating cognition and neuroscience, Eliasmith provides detailed technical accounts of his system, with accompanying software that will serve both students and fellow modelers well." * Lawrence W. Barsalou, Professor, Department of Psychology, Emory University *Table of Contents1 The science of cognition ; 1.1 The last 50 years ; 1.2 How we got here ; 1.3 Where we are ; 1.4 Questions and answers ; 1.5 Nengo: An introduction ; Part I. How to build a brain ; 2 An introduction to brain building ; 2.1 Brain parts ; 2.2 A framework for building a brain ; 2.2.1 Representation ; 2.2.2 Transformation ; 2.2.3 Dynamics ; 2.2.4 The three principles ; 2.3 Levels ; 2.4 Nengo: Neural representation ; 3 Biological cognition - Semantics ; 3.1 The semantic pointer hypothesis ; 3.2 What is a semantic pointer? ; 3.3 Semantics: An overview ; 3.4 Shallow semantics ; 3.5 Deep semantics for perception ; 3.6 Deep semantics for action ; 3.7 The semantics of perception and action ; 3.8 Nengo: Neural computations ; 4 Biological cognition - Syntax ; 4.1 Structured representations ; 4.2 Binding without neurons ; 4.3 Binding with neurons ; 4.4 Manipulating structured representations ; 4.5 Learning structural manipulations ; 4.6 Clean-up memory and scaling ; 4.7 Example: Fluid intelligence ; 4.8 Deep semantics for cognition ; 4.9 Nengo: Structured representations in neurons ; 5 Biological cognition - Control ; 5.1 The flow of information ; 5.2 The basal ganglia ; 5.3 Basal ganglia, cortex, and thalamus ; 5.4 Example: Fixed sequences of actions ; 5.5 Attention and the routing of information ; 5.6 Example: Flexible sequences of actions ; 5.7 Timing and control ; 5.8 Example: The Tower of Hanoi ; 5.9 Nengo: Question answering ; 6 Biological cognition - Memory and learning ; 6.1 Extending cognition through time ; 6.2 Working memory ; 6.3 Example: Serial list memory ; 6.4 Biological learning ; 6.5 Example: Learning new actions ; 6.6 Example: Learning new syntactic manipulations ; 6.7 Nengo: Learning ; 7 The Semantic Pointer Architecture (SPA) ; 7.1 A summary of the SPA ; 7.2 A SPA unified network ; 7.3 Tasks ; 7.3.1 Recognition ; 7.3.2 Copy drawing ; 7.3.3 Reinforcement learning ; 7.3.4 Serial working memory ; 7.3.5 Counting ; 7.3.6 Question answering ; 7.3.7 Rapid variable creation ; 7.3.8 Fluid reasoning ; 7.3.9 Discussion ; 7.4 A unified view: Symbols and probabilities ; 7.5 Nengo: Advanced modeling methods ; Part II. Is that how you build a brain? ; 8 Evaluating cognitive theories ; 8.1 Introduction ; 8.2 Core Cognitive Criteria (CCC) ; 8.2.1 Representational structure ; 8.2.1.1 Systematicity ; 8.2.1.2 Compositionality ; 8.2.1.3 Productivity ; 8.2.1.4 The massive binding problem ; 8.2.2 Performance concerns ; 8.2.2.1 Syntactic generalization ; 8.2.2.2 Robustness ; 8.2.2.3 Adaptability ; 8.2.2.4 Memory ; 8.2.2.5 Scalability ; 8.2.3 Scientific merit ; 8.2.3.1 Triangulation ; 8.2.3.2 Compactness ; 8.3 Conclusion ; 8.4 Nengo Bonus: How to build a brain - A practical guide ; 9 Theories of cognition ; 9.1 The state of the art ; 9.1.1 ACT-R ; 9.1.2 Synchrony-based approaches ; 9.1.3 Neural Blackboard Architecture (NBA) ; 9.1.4 The Integrated Connectionist/Symbolic Architecture (ICS) ; 9.1.5 Leabra ; 9.1.6 Dynamic Field Theory (DFT) ; 9.2 An evaluation ; 9.2.1 Representational structure ; 9.2.2 Performance concerns ; 9.2.3 Scientific merit ; 9.2.4 Summary ; 9.3 The same... ; 9.4 ...but different ; 9.5 The SPA versus the SOA ; 10 Consequences and challenges ; 10.1 Representation ; 10.2 Concepts ; 10.3 Inference ; 10.4 Dynamics ; 10.5 Challenges ; 10.6 Conclusion ; A Mathematical notation and overview ; A.1 Vectors ; A.2 Vector spaces ; A.3 The dot product ; A.4 Basis of a vector space ; A.5 Linear transformations on vectors ; A.6 Time derivatives for dynamics ; B Mathematical derivations for the NEF ; B.1 Representation ; B.1.1 Encoding ; B.1.2 Decoding ; B.2 Transformation ; B.3 Dynamics ; C Further details on deep semantic models ; C.1 The perceptual model ; C.2 The motor model ; D Mathematical derivations for the SPA ; D.1 Binding and unbinding HRRs ; D.2 Learning high-level transformations ; D.3 Ordinal serial encoding model ; D.4 Spike-timing dependent plasticity ; D.5 Number of neurons for representing structure ; E SPA model details ; E.1 Tower of Hanoi ; Bibliography ; Index

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Book SynopsisWhat is consciousness and how can a brain, a mere collection of neurons, create it? In Consciousness and the Social Brain, Princeton neuroscientist Michael Graziano lays out an audacious new theory to account for the deepest mystery of them all. The human brain has evolved a complex circuitry that allows it to be socially intelligent. This social machinery has only just begun to be studied in detail. One function of this circuitry is to attribute awareness to others: to compute that person Y is aware of thing X. In Graziano''s theory, the machinery that attributes awareness to others also attributes it to oneself. Damage that machinery and you disrupt your own awareness. Graziano discusses the science, the evidence, the philosophy, and the surprising implications of this new theory. Now in an affordable paperback edition!Trade ReviewGraziano's work is in important step in bridging a persistent gap between mind and brain in interdisciplinary research, notably because he attempts to answer the questions that require asking, and he does so with a remarkable level of humility. * Jean-Paul Orgeron, PhD, Department of Philosophy, State University of New York at Oneonta; Metapsychology, Online Reviews *The author offers an engaging and accessible explanation of his theory. Rather than merely touting its merits, he aims to show how it is compatible with other popular theories. Avoiding technical details, he uses anecdotes, drawings, and metaphors to convey an understanding of the important concepts. [This book] turns the field's contemporary wisdom on its head, and from its new vantage point one has the sense that an answer to the problem of consciousness might be in sight. Graziano's attention schema theory marks a milestone by offering a plausible, mechanistic answer to the hard problem." * Aaron Schurger, Science Magazine *Graziano proposes a new and intriguing theory of consciousness... [He] guides readers step-by-step through his captivating and convincing theory of consciousness, explaining how the theory accounts for many oddities in human perception. This book is an essential read for anyone interested in consciousness from either a scientific or philosophical perspective." * Library Journal *In most scientific theories, awareness emerges from the physical functioning of the brain, almost like heat rising from circuits. Laid out in his recent book...Graziano's theory takes a completely different approach to explaining consciousness. 'In this theory, the brain is an information-processing device. It doesn't produce non-physical essences * it computes information,' Graziano said. Graziano has given consciousness a more solid footing in the real, tangible world even if it remains a creation of the brain, Schurger said. 'If anything, his theory stands to demystify consciousness, in the same way that our understanding of genetics and self-organizing systems has begun to demystify 'life,' which was once thought to depend on an unseen force.'"Morgan Kelly, Princeton University News *Table of ContentsPart I: The Theory ; Chapter 1: The magic trick ; Chapter 2: Introducing the theory ; Chapter 3: Awareness as information ; Chapter 4: Being aware versus knowing that you are aware ; Chapter 5: The attention schema ; Chapter 6: Illusions and myths ; Chapter 7: Social attention ; Chapter 8: How do I distinguish my awareness from yours? ; Chapter 9: Some useful complexities ; Part II: Comparison to previous theories and results ; Chapter 10: Social theories of consciousness ; Chapter 11: Consciousness as integrated information ; Chapter 12: Neural correlates of consciousness ; Chapter 13: Awareness and the machinery for social perception ; Chapter 14: The neglect syndrome ; Chapter 15: Multiple interlocking functions of the brain area TPJ ; Chapter 16: Simulating other minds ; Chapter 17: Some spiritual matters ; Chapter 18: Explaining the magic trick

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Clinical Cultural Neuroscience aims to provide clinicians and researchers with an overview of contemporary topics relevant to the study of culture in psychology and neuroscience. While comprehensive volumes dedicated to cultural or cross-cultural psychology, cultural neuropsychology, and cultural neuroscience are readily available, the accumulated theoretical and empirical findings remain relatively sequestered within each of those academic subspecialties.Trade ReviewSynthesizing and advancing the important work from seemingly disparate fields, this timely volume is essential reading for trainees, clinicians, and investigators seeking to more fully understand the multifactorial influences of culture and neurobiology on behavior and neuropsychological functions. Otto Pedraza has gathered an impressive group of experts whose contributions to this book will help practitioners and scientists better recognize and address the challenges present in the ever-growing diversity reflected in our patient and study populations. * John A. Lucas, John A. Lucas, PhD, ABPP, Professor of Psychology, Mayo Clinic *Unquestioningly, a must own. The authors take us on a historical journey from early philosophers to contemporary translational medicine, molecular genetics, and mobile technologies.Dr. Pedraza and colleagues should be congratulated for integrating culture and neuroscience with best clinical practices. As a single-source textbook, this is an invaluable resource. * Marc Norman, Marc Norman, PhD, ABPP, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego *In Clinical Cultural Neuroscience, Otto Pedraza enlists experts in culture, psychology, and neuroscience to discuss the latest evidence on topics ranging from language and memory to visual perception and attention, all within the context of health and disease. This volume dives into a complex truth: that humans are fully cultural and fully biological, and the mind cannot be understood completely without a multidisciplinary and multi-level approach. * Joni Y. Sasaki, Joni Y. Sasaki, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Hawai?i at Manoa *Table of ContentsPreface to the Fifth Volume in the National Academy of Neuropsychology Series on Evidence-based Practices Acknowledgements Contributors List CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL CULTURAL NEUROSCIENCE. Otto Pedraza CHAPTER 2: VYGOTSKY, LURIA, AND THE CULTURAL-HISTORICAL APPROACH TO COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGY: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL BEGINNINGS. David Tupper CHAPTER 3: CHALLENGES IN THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES. Laura A. Rabin, Donald L. Brodale, Milushka M. Elbulok-Charcape, & William B. Barr CHAPTER 4: CULTURE AND MEMORY. Lixia Yang, Brenda Wong, & Lingqian Li CHAPTER 5: ASSESSMENT OF MOOD DISORDERS IN ETHNIC MINORITIES. Vonetta M. Dotson, Shellie-Anne Levy, Deirdre M. O'Shea, Molly E. McLaren, & Sarah M. Szymkowicz CHAPTER 6: VISUAL COGNITION AND CULTURE. Joshua O. S. Goh, Chun-Yih Li, Yu-Zhen Tu, & Caroline Dallaire-Théroux CHAPTER 7: COGNITIVE RESERVE, BILINGUALISM, AND THE AGING BRAIN. Brian T. Gold CHAPTER 8: NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF NON-ENGLISH SPEAKERS. Octavio A. Santos, Daryl E. M. Fujii, & Otto Pedraza CHAPTER 9: NEUROCOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SEMANTICS IN CHINESE AND ENGLISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT AUTISM. Tai-Li Chou & James Booth CHAPTER 10: CULTURE AND LANGUAGE DIVERSITY IN PEDIATRIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. Veronica Bordes Edgar & Regilda Anne Romero CHAPTER 11: RACIAL DISPARITIES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: BIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS. Megan Zuelsdorff, Lisa L. Barnes, & Ozioma C. Okonkwo CHAPTER 12: BIAS, EQUIVALENCE, AND FAIRNESS. Otto Pedraza & Fons J. R. van de Vijver Index

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Book SynopsisCajal''s Neuronal Forest: Science and Art continues the tradition set forth by its sister volume Cajal''s Butterflies of the Soul (OUP, 2009). This new collection contains hundreds of beautiful rarely-seen-before figures produced throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century by famed father-of-modern-neuroscience Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) and his contemporaries. Cajal was captivated by the beautiful shapes of the cells of the nervous system. He and his fellow scientists saw neurons as trees and glial cells as bushes. Given their high density and arrangement, neurons and glial resembled a thick forest, a seemingly impenetrable terrain of interacting cells mediating cognition and behavior. In unraveling the mysteries of the brain, these researchers encountered an almost infinite number of cellular forms with an extraordinary beauty, which they could not help but put pen to paper, allowing them to discover a new artistic world- the neuronal forest- that gave free rein not only to their imagination, but to a new way of viewing the brain as well. This book has been divided into two parts. The first focuses on the scientific atmosphere in Cajal''s times, on the history of the neuron, and the anatomical challenge posed in studying neuronal connections. It also delves into the artistic skills of Cajal and other important pioneers in neuroscience and how the neuronal forests have served as an unlimited source of artistic inspiration. The second consists of 275 original drawings by Cajal. All were published over the course of his scientific career and cover virtually all of his research fields of interest, including the spinal cord, the optic lobe and retina, cerebral cortex, and many other regions of the brain. Cajal''s Neuronal Forest: Science and Art is a testament to the natural beauty found in science. Despite the common misconception that the drawings of Cajal and other scientists of the time are pieces of art, these drawings are in fact copies of histological preparations and contributed greatly to the discoveries made in the field of neuroscience. This book is a gem in any library, whether serving as a medical history or a gallery of stunning sketches.Trade ReviewThis beautiful book would grace any coffee table, and grace a neurologists coffee table most of all. Its illustrations are truly captivating, and the reproductions of Ramon y Cajals work can be appreciated all the more because they are presented alongside many other historic drawings, as well as photographs and artworks. * Rhys Davies, Advances In Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation *All neuroscientists can find illustrations of their preferred part of the brain in this book. * Sten Grillner, MD, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden *In a treasure trove of Cajal's drawings, the author traces the discovery of the types and connectivity of neurons, the deduction that bulbous spine endings provide the elements for the transmission of nerve impulses, and schema of direction of current flow in different brain regions. Cajal's Neuronal Forest is a remarkable resource for anyone interested in Cajal's scientific genius, his artistry and the origins of the Neuron Theory. * Mary E. Hatten, PhD, The Rockefeller *Javier DeFelipe has assembled a special volume dedicated to Cajal's lifetime contributions to the field of Neuroscience. This collection of Cajal's full-size, hand-made drawings provides higher resolution images than those found in his Textura or Histologie volumes. * Charles E. Ribak, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California *Everyone interested in how the brain works should own and display a copy of this spectacular book. * Larry W. Swanson, PhD, Appleman Professor of Biological Sciences, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Southern California *The level of effort to produce this fantastic volume, and the extraordinary nature of the illustrations themselves, have to be seen to be appreciated! * Barbara Oakley, PhD *Table of ContentsTable of Contents Foreword Ramon Areces Foundation Foreword Spanish Foundation to Science and Technology Foreword Tatiana Perez De Guzman El Bueno Foundation Foreword by Pasko Rakic Preface Part I: Introduction Introductory Remarks A Note on Microphotography and Illustrations of Histological Preparations The Anatomical Challenge of the Study of Neuronal Connections Section A: The Scientific Atmosphere in Cajal's Times The Discovery of the Reazione Nera: Commencing the Detailed Study of the Structure of the Nervous System The Discovery of the Golgi Method by Cajal and the Influence of Maestre De San Juan and Simarro Drawing as a Tool to Illustrate Microscopic Images Differences in the Interpretation of the Microscopic World Neuron Doctrine versus the Reticular Theory The Reticular Theory and Precursors of the Neuron Theory Golgi, Cajal and the Nobel Prize Lectures in 1906 The Law of Dynamic Polarization of Nerve Cells Introduction of the Term "Neuron" and the Renascence of Reticularism Confirmation of the Free Ending of the Nervous Processes: The Discovery of the Synaptic Cleft Neoreticularism and the Neuron Doctrine in the Present Day Dendritic Spines: True Anatomical Structures versus Artifact Dendritic Spines and the Methylene Blue Method Other Interpretations of the Dendritic Spines Dendritic Spines and Cajal's 'Final Lesson' Confirmation that Dendritic Spines are Postsynaptic Structures Combination of the Golgi Method and Electron Microscopy Dendritic Spines: Their Features and Role as a Key Component in Microcircuits Section B: The Golden Era for Artistic Creativity in Neuroscience Artistic Skills and Emotions of Cajal and Other Early Neuroanatomists Verification of the Drawings of Cajal and Other Scientists The Neuronal Forest as a Source of Artistic Inspiration Summary, Final Considerations and Concluding Remarks Notes Bibliography Part II: Gallery of Cajal's Drawings Section A: Spinal Cord Section B: Medulla Oblongata Section C: Cerebellum and Deep Cerebellar Nuclei Section D: Midbrain and Thalamus Section E: Optic Lobe of Lower Vertebrates Section F: Retina of Vertebrates Section G: Cerebral Cortex and Olfactory Apparatus Section H: Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System Section I: Retina and Optic Centers of Cephalopods Section J: Insect Brain: Visual System Section K: Supplementary Figures Author Index

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, a dedicated effort has been made to understand the immune dysfunction that is associated with major psychiatric disorders. The expanding knowledge of the immune system as a major homeostatic system has been very helpful in indicating new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to reduce the burden of psychiatric disorders. Indeed, immune cells, their secreted molecules, and cell signalling events are highly promising. Yet, the literature on immunology of psychiatric disorders is still dispersed, and only a few attempts have been made to consolidate the current knowledge in this expanding area.This book assembles and presents the available data on the immune/inflammatory dysfunction in psychiatric disorders, indicating the potential of immune mechanisms as either biomarkers or therapeutic targets, as well as discussing the challenges ahead of incorporating this knowledge into clinical practice. An international team of senior experts in the field review all psychiatric disorders in order to provide an integrated, in-depth understanding of the role of immune changes in psychiatric diseases for mental health clinicians as well as for researchers in immunology, psychiatry, neurology, and pharmacology.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Overview of the immune system Chapter 2: Immune-neuropharmacology Chapter 3: Immune mechanisms affecting CNS functioning Chapter 4: Immune mechanisms and CNS development Chapter 5: The immune system as a sensor capable to affect other homeostatic systems Chapter 6: Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Chapter 7: Investigating immune changes in the psychiatric patient Chapter 8: Immune dysfunction: a common feature of major psychiatric disorders? Chapter 9: Immunology of substance use disorder Chapter 10: Immune system dysregulation and schizophrenia Chapter 11: Depression as a neuroinflammatory condition Chapter 12: Immunology of bipolar disorder Chapter 13: immunology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Chapter 14: Immunology of eating disorders Chapter 15: Immunology of late-life psychiatric disorders and dementias Chapter 16: Immune-based biomarkers and therapies in psychiatry: future prospects

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Book SynopsisWidely acclaimed when it first published in 1981, this book has been brought up-to-date with this second edition. Topics covered include synaptic sources, electrode placement, choice of reference, volume conduction, power and coherence, projection of scalp potentials to dura surface, dynamic signatures of conscious experience, and neural networks immersed in global fields of synaptic action.Trade ReviewFrom reviews of the first edition:An exceptionally well-written book that will be a useful reference for researchers, clinicians, and educators alike. * Medical Physics *This volume fills an urgent need. It brings together the encephalographer and the physicist and enlightens both. It belongs on the bookshelf of anyone working in the broad and burgeoning field of neuroscience. Reginald G. Bickford is fully justified when he predicts in a brief foreword that the book will become a classic in the field. * Physics Today *Has considerable value in its presentation of clinical, theoretical, and speculative information regarding electrical potentials developed in the brain and their recording... a substantive addition to the library of the physician or scientist. * JAMA *Unique and important for a number of reasons, the most compelling of which is that for the first time a physicist with much practical experience with EEGs has set out to 'tell the whole EEG story'... a fine reference suitable as a textbook for a graduate level course on the EEG in a physiology or engineering department. Clinical neurologists specializing in epilepsy will find chapter six on EEG recording... and chapter seven on EEG analysis most valuable. The practical discussion on the choice of a reference electrode... is itself worth many times the price of the book. * Alan S. Gevins in Epilepsia *Table of ContentsAPPENDICES

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Book SynopsisOver a half million people each year suffer brain-damaging injuries and diseases -- but the outlook for their eventual recovery is far more hopeful than it was just a short while ago. 'Brain Repair offers an up-to-the-minute introduction to the advances being made in the research, technology, and treatment of brain damage.Trade Review"Fascinating and helful in better understanding the brain."--The New England Journal of Medicine "Justifiable optimism is the theme of this carefully thought-out, clearly written book."--Booklist "...these 3 prominent neuroscientists have marshalled a vast accumulation of knowledge....This book should be on the 'must-have' list of anyone interested in biological psychiatry....as a summation of major research work in the last 50 years, this book is a bargain....buy it."--Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience "The authors have done a marvelous job of summarizing the vast amount of literature related to this subject and describing it in accessible language. Many interested laypersons will find the content both fascinating and helpful in better understanding the brain."--The New England Journal of Medicine "A unique account of recent research on the variables that influence regeneration and recovery of function in the nervous system after brain damage."--Choice "Justifiable optimism is the theme of this carefully thought-out, clearly written book. Stein and his colleagues survey the growth of knowledge about the brain, its injuries and diseases; examine current approaches to the repair of those traumas and the rehabilitation and retraining of their sufferers; and discuss procedures of examination and diagnosis....Professional and lay readers alike should ponder this pioneering book."--BooklistTable of Contents1. How the brain functions: A brief chronology of a long history ; 2. Looking into the living brain ; 3. Neuronal and synaptic plasticity: Neurons at work ; 4. Regeneration, repair and reorganization ; 5. Factors in the brain that enhance growth and repair ; 6. Age, time, and plasticity ; 7. Brain transplants as therapy for brain injuries ; 8. The pharmacology of brain injury repair ; 9. Environment, brain function and brain repair ; 10. Where do we go from here?

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Book SynopsisThis title argues that our conception of consciousness is based upon fundamental errors. It discusses three important philosophical puzzles, each of which presents the same problem. In highlighting this, the errors in our conception of consciousness and cognition are also revealed.

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Book SynopsisWhat, if anything do dreams tell us about ourselves? What is the relationship between types of sleep and types of dreams? Does dreaming serve any purpose? Or are dreams simply meaningless mental noise--''unmusical fingers wandering over the piano keys''?With expertise in philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience, Owen Flanagan is uniquely qualified to answer those questions. And in Dreaming Souls he provides both an accessible survey of the latest research on sleep and dreams and a compelling new theory about the nature and function of dreaming. Flanagan argues that while sleep has a clear biological function and adaptive value, dreams are merely side effects, ''free-riders'', irrelevant from an evolutionary point of view. But dreams are hardly unimportant. Indeed, Flanagan argues that dreams are self-expressive, the result of our need to find or create meaning, even when we are sleeping. Rejecting Freud''s theory of manifest and latent content--of repressed wishes appearing in disguiseTrade Review"Flanagan's Dreaming Souls is, quite simply, a masterpiece: learned, lively, and surpassingly smart. Owen's voice in this book is so honest, direct, lovable and funny, it kept reminding me of Frank McCourt. And yet it IS neurophilosophy. It is about the whys and wherefores of our dreaming brains."--Patricia S. Churchland, Presidential Professor of Philosophy, University of California, San Diego, author of Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain "Owen Flanagan does it again. He takes one of the most fascinating and elusive topics in mind/brain research, the 'why' of dreams, and ropes it into a coherent notion that one and all can understand. I won't spoil it for you and tell you his intriguing idea. But I will tell you, I think he is on to something big."--Michael S. Gazzaniga, Director, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, author of Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind and The Mind's Past "Are dreams just the noise that the brain makes during sleep? Flanagan makes us take this question seriously as he builds dream consciousness into his new brain-based philosophy of mind."--J. Allan, Director of Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Harvard Medical School and author of Sleep, The Dreaming Brain, and most recently Consciousness "How important to have a philosopher dedicate himself to the basic questions of human psychology. Owen Flanagan challenges and synthesizes contemporary theories of mind to arrive at a provocative understanding of the relationship of dream and dreamer."--Peter D. Kramer, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, author of Listening to Prozac and Should You Leave? "An informative review of current research on sleep and dreams and a new theory about the nature and function of dreaming, presented with clarity, wit, and finesse.... Science writing at its best."--Kirkus Reviews "Excellent book to start off a science-oriented philosophy of mind...course. The style and content are engaging, and Flanagan provides an excellent introduction to the philosophical issues surrounding mind/brain research."--Ilya Farber, George Washington University "[An] intriguing book....Flanagan has developed an original, plausible, and empirically grounded account of the activity of dreaming. He has demonstrated...successfully, that his account is superior to the depth psychological and somatic noise alternatives. And he has done so in the form of an engaging, accessible, and often amusing book."--The American Journal of Psychology "Flanagan's Dreaming Souls is, quite simply, a masterpiece: learned, lively, and surpassingly smart. Owen's voice in this book is so honest, direct, lovable and funny, it kept reminding me of Frank McCourt. And yet it IS neurophilosophy. It is about the whys and wherefores of our dreaming brains."--Patricia S. Churchland, Presidential Professor of Philosophy, University of California, San Diego, author of Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain "Owen Flanagan does it again. He takes one of the most fascinating and elusive topics in mind/brain research, the 'why' of dreams, and ropes it into a coherent notion that one and all can understand. I won't spoil it for you and tell you his intriguing idea. But I will tell you, I think he is on to something big."--Michael S. Gazzaniga, Director, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, author of Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind and The Mind's Past "Are dreams just the noise that the brain makes during sleep? Flanagan makes us take this question seriously as he builds dream consciousness into his new brain-based philosophy of mind."--J. Allan, Director of Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Harvard Medical School and author of Sleep, The Dreaming Brain, and most recently Consciousness "How important to have a philosopher dedicate himself to the basic questions of human psychology. Owen Flanagan challenges and synthesizes contemporary theories of mind to arrive at a provocative understanding of the relationship of dream and dreamer."--Peter D. Kramer, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, author of Listening to Prozac and Should You Leave? "An informative review of current research on sleep and dreams and a new theory about the nature and function of dreaming, presented with clarity, wit, and finesse.... Science writing at its best."--Kirkus Reviews "In his fascinating new book, Dreaming Souls, Flanagan submits that, while sleep is certainly an evolutionary adaptation, and consciousness probably is, too, consciousness during sleep is merely a by-product of the two."--Jim Holt, Lingua Franca "Flanagan's writing is conversational--gracious, humorous, and intelligent. He examines objections to theories without being demeaning or condescending...a thought-provoking and entertaining read."--Choice "In contrast to Jouvet, Hobson and Winson, the American philosopher Owen Flanagan thinks that both sleep and consciousness are products of evolution, but consciousness during sleep (dreaming) is merely an accident of nature, a side effect of the two. Both consciousness and sleep have a clear biological function, but dreams don't. During sleep, the brain stocks up neurotransmitters that will be used the next day. By accident, pulses that originate from this stockpiling chore (coming from the brain stem) also reactivate more or less random parts of memory. Unaware that the body is actually sleeping, the sensory circuits of the cerebral cortex process these signals as if they were coming from outside and produce a chaotic flow of sensations. Thus we dream. Dreams are just the noise the brain makes while working overnight. If Flanagan is correct, dreams are meaningless and pointless." -- Piero Scaruffi, Thymos.comTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Prologue: "To Sleep: Perchance to Dream" 1: Heart Throbs 2: The Dreaming Mind 3: Sleepy Heads 4: Dreams: The Spandrels of Sleep 5: Self-Expression in Dreams 6: Philosophical Perplexities Epilogue: Here Comes the Sun Selected Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTells the story of how long-standing notions about the body as dominated by spirit-like humors were transformed into scientific descriptions of its solid tissues. This book shows how debates over investigative methods and models of body order influence biomedicine and the broader culture.Trade ReviewAdvance Praise for The Brain Takes Shape:Scholars often pay lip service to the important roles of theological and philosophical concepts in the making of modern science and medicine. Robert Martensen has taken the platitude seriously, and his book powerfully demonstrates how our modern beliefs about mind and body were first elaborated in the seventeenth century, when philosophy, theology and science were intertwined. The result is a cultural history of biomedicine at its very best. * W.F. Bynum, Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine, University College London *Table of ContentsSelected events and historical actors ; 1. Bodies, words, and images ; 2. Matter, spirit, and the heart ; 3. The human mind and "Gland H": Cartesian models of mind, brain, and nerves ; 4. When the brain came out of the skull ; 5. Body of witnesses ; 6. Toward a new physiology of human conduct ; 7. The transformation of Eve ; 8. Mind without brain: John Locke, Thomas Syndenham, and the constitutional body of the British enlightenment ; 9. On the persistence of the cerebral body and its alternatives

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Book SynopsisHands are miraculous tools that are used both for sensing and acting on the world. Although a great deal of research has been conducted on human hand function, there is no coherent presentation of it to guide those seeking to understand its current state. This volume surveys normal hand function in healthy individuals and presents a new conceptual framework for organising and analysing what is known about it. Jones and Lederman organise human-hand research on a continuum that ranges from activities that are essentially sensory to those with a strong motor component. They distinguish four broad categories along the continuum: tactile sensing, active haptic sensing, sensory-guided action, and non-prehensile skilled movements. These categories are used to consider critical aspects of the hand, including the sensory and motor basis of manual function, the role of different parts of the hand in perception and action, tasks the hand can perform, and the changes in manual function from birth Trade Review"...a work of impressive scholarship that combines the breadth of coverage normally found only in edited collections, with the conceptual integration and uniformity of style that characterize the best single-authored works...Human Hand Function deserves to be read and reread by anyone with a serious interest in the hand's sensory and motor functions and the cognitive processes that control them."--Mark Hollins, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill "...a very well written and extensive compilation of a diverse literature on the hand as a perceptual organ."--Robert H. LaMotte, Yale University School of Medicine "...a comprehensive, thorough, and cohesive work by two noted authorities on haptic perception and control...while the scope is broad, the coverage is at the same time deep. The citations, which I didn't try to count, must run to well over 1000 in number-themselves worth the price of admission."--Lawrence E. Marks, John B. Pierce Laboratory "In Human Hand Function, Jones and Lederman have produced a work of impressive scholarship that combines the breadth of coverage normally found only in edited collections, with the conceptual integration and uniformity of style that characterize the best single-authored works. It is deeply informed and authoritative, yet clear and engaging, and does not require technical knowledge on the part of the reader. The organizational framework is logical and satisfying. Human Hand Function deserves to be read and reread by anyone with a serious interest in the hands sensory and motor functions and the cognitive processes that control them." --Mark Hollins, Professor of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill "This is a very well written and extensive compilation of a diverse literature on the hand as a perceptual organ. It is not so much a critical evaluation or novel synthesis of scientific findings but rather a unique description, listing and bringing together of the literature--from tactile sensing and sensory neurophysiology to haptic processing, interfaces, and methods of evaluating hand function. In this regard it succeeds admirably and provides a valuable resource for both the novice and the specialist. Each will find a great deal that they will not have realized existed and gain insight into what remains to be discovered." --Robert H. LaMotte, Professor of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine "At last, a book devoted to the functions of that marvelous instrument of evolution, the human hand! Human Hand Function is a comprehensive, thorough, and cohesive work by two noted authorities on haptic perception and control. The authors consider the functions of the human hand broadly, from multiple perspectives, including tactile and haptic perception, sensory physiology, motor function, cognitive control, and robotics. And while the scope is broad, the coverage is at the same time deep. The citations, which I didnt try to count, must run to well over 1000 in number--themselves worth the price of admission. Novices and professionals alike will find much to learn here. No doubt my copy will quickly show the signs of wear from repeatedly consulting it." --Lawrence E. Marks, Director of the John B. Pierce Laboratory and Professor of Epidemiology and Psychology, Yale University "...a work of impressive scholarship that combines the breadth of coverage normally found only in edited collections, with the conceptual integration and uniformity of style that characterize the best single-authored works...Human Hand Function deserves to be read and reread by anyone with a serious interest in the hand's sensory and motor functions and the cognitive processes that control them."--Mark Hollins, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill "...a very well written and extensive compilation of a diverse literature on the hand as a perceptual organ."--Robert H. LaMotte, Yale University School of Medicine "...a comprehensive, thorough, and cohesive work by two noted authorities on haptic perception and control...while the scope is broad, the coverage is at the same time deep. The citations, which I didn't try to count, must run to well over 1000 in number-themselves worth the price of admission."--Lawrence E. Marks, John B. Pierce Laboratory "In Human Hand Function, Jones and Lederman have produced a work of impressive scholarship that combines the breadth of coverage normally found only in edited collections, with the conceptual integration and uniformity of style that characterize the best single-authored works. It is deeply informed and authoritative, yet clear and engaging, and does not require technical knowledge on the part of the reader. The organizational framework is logical and satisfying. Human Hand Function deserves to be read and reread by anyone with a serious interest in the hands sensory and motor functions and the cognitive processes that control them." --Mark Hollins, Professor of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill "This is a very well written and extensive compilation of a diverse literature on the hand as a perceptual organ. It is not so much a critical evaluation or novel synthesis of scientific findings but rather a unique description, listing and bringing together of the literature--from tactile sensing and sensory neurophysiology to haptic processing, interfaces, and methods of evaluating hand function. In this regard it succeeds admirably and provides a valuable resource for both the novice and the specialist. Each will find a great deal that they will not have realized existed and gain insight into what remains to be discovered." --Robert H. LaMotte, Professor of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine "At last, a book devoted to the functions of that marvelous instrument of evolution, the human hand! Human Hand Function is a comprehensive, thorough, and cohesive work by two noted authorities on haptic perception and control. The authors consider the functions of the human hand broadly, from multiple perspectives, including tactile and haptic perception, sensory physiology, motor function, cognitive control, and robotics. And while the scope is broad, the coverage is at the same time deep. The citations, which I didnt try to count, must run to well over 1000 in number--themselves worth the price of admission. Novices and professionals alike will find much to learn here. No doubt my copy will quickly show the signs of wear from repeatedly consulting it." --Lawrence E. Marks, Director of the John B. Pierce Laboratory and Professor of Epidemiology and Psychology, Yale UniversityTable of Contents1. Historical Overview and general introduction ; 2. Evolutionary development and anatomy of the hand ; 3. Sensory neurophysiology ; 4. Tactile sensing ; 5. Active haptic sensing ; 6. Prehension ; 7. Non-prehensile skilled movements ; 8. End-effector constraints ; 9. Hand function across the lifespan ; 10. Applications ; 11. Summary, conclusions and future directions

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Book SynopsisNeural network research often builds on the fiction that neurons are simple linear threshold units, completely neglecting the highly dynamic and complex nature of synapses, dendrites, and voltage-dependent ionic currents. Biophysics of Computation: Information processing in single neurons challenges this notion, using richly detailed experimental and theoretical findings from cellular biophysics to explain the repertoire of computational functions available to single neurons. The author shows how individual nerve cells can multiply, integrate, or delay synaptic inputs and how information can be encoded in the voltage across the membrane, in the intracellular calcium concentration, or in the timing of individual spikes.Key topics covered include the linear cable equation; cable theory as applied to passive dendritic trees and dendritic spines; chemical and electrical synapses and how to treat them from a computational point of view; nonlinear interactions of synaptic input in passive anTable of Contents1. The membrane equation ; 2. Linear cable theory ; 3. Passive dendritic trees ; 4. Synaptic input ; 5. Synaptic interactions in a passive dendritic tree ; 6. The Hodgkin-Huxley model of action-potential generation ; 7. Phase space analysis of neuronal excitability ; 8. Ionic channels ; 9. Beyond Hodgkin and Huxley: calcium, and calcium-dependent potassium currents ; 10. Linearizing voltage-dependent currents ; 11. Diffusion, buffering, and binding ; 12. Dendritic spines ; 13. Synaptic plasticity ; 14. Simplified models of individual neurons ; 15. Stochastic models of single cells ; 16. Bursting cells ; 17. Input resistance, time constants, and spike initiation ; 18. Synaptic input to a passive tree ; 19. Voltage-dependent events in the dendritic tree ; 20. Unconventional coupling ; 21. Computing with neurons - a summary

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Book SynopsisWritten by the world''s leading memory scientists in a highly accessible language, this volume brings together facts and theories of cognitive psychology; memory development in childhood and old age; memory impairment in brain injury and disease; the emergence of memory functions from the brain; as well as reviews of current behavioral, neuroimaging, and computer simulation theories of memory. The last decades in particular have seen the emergence of a genuine science of memory, based first on behavioral studies and more recently on the new technologies of brain scanning. These recent studies have resulted in theories that are rich, complex, and far-reaching in their implications. The Oxford Handbook of Memory lays out these theories, and the evidence on which the theories are based. The important new discoveries of the last few years are described, along with their consequences for professionals in the areas of law, engineering, and clinical medicine.Endel Tulving and Fergus Craik, tTrade Review"Tulving and Craik's splendid handbook will be the standard source book in the field for years to come. This is for three reasons. The first is the thoroughness of the coverage of memory--experimental, theoretical, developmental, clinical, and brain-based approaches are all well covered. The second is that virtually all the eminent researchers in the field have been persuaded to contribute. The third consists in the thoroughness and depth of their contributions and of the way that they have been edited."--Tim Shallice, University College London"Everything in life is memory, save for the thin edge of the present. This incredible volume tackles what is both known and unknown about this crucial and sustaining mental function. It is the most important book on the subject ever published."--Michael S. Gazzaniga, Dartmouth University"A unique resource on human memory providing an exhaustive coverage of the current state of scientific study in this area, this handbook discusses theories and data primarily from experimental, cognitive, neuropsychological, and developmental perspectives. The editors organize the material in four parts: basic presuppositions, concepts, and methods in a historical context; critical discussion of what has been discovered; memory applied in the real world; and the neuroscience of memory, an area of research the editors refer to as holding the most promise for yielding new information through advancing technology. The applied section extends the experimental findings in the laboratory to the role of memory in everyday life and to areas such as the development of memory in children and the decline of memory in aging and pathological conditions. . . . Highly recommended for academic libraries at all levels."--Choice"Summarizes the research findings over the past decades that comprise the new science of memory, based first on behavioral studies and more recently on brain scanning. Contributors set out the various theories and the evidence they are based on, and explore the consequences for professionals in law, engineering, and clinical medicine. Among the topics are the development of memory, its contents, its use in the laboratory and in daily life, its decline, and its organization. Students and researchers in psychology or the neurosciences would probably find most interest."--SciTech Book News"This is an epic tome summarizing the general state of knowledge in the science of human memory. Sixty eminent contributors, all of whom have done extensive research in this vast field, contributed a total of 39 chapters which outline experimental results and theory in their areas of expertise. A brief epilogue provides thoughtful commentary on how the field has grown and changed over the past 60 years, form the views of Bartlett and Lashley to current views on neural nets, brain imaging, and the fast pace of current research which provides constant surprises and requires frequent updating. It is safe to say the editors and contributors have succeeded in producing a highly interesting book, remarkable in its breadth and thoroughness. As readers and fellow researchers, we can feel ourselves fortunate that such a diverse and interesting field has been treated so well." -- Psychological Reports, Vol 87, 2000"The OHM describes the growth of memory research from its nadir in the 1950s to the present and presents summaries of contemporary scientific knowledge about a variety of memory topics. The 60 authors constitute a "Who's Who" in the field of memory, virtually guaranteeing that the reports on memory are state of the art. Even specialists will benefit from the coverage of subjects in which they have expertise. All chapters are informative and of high caliber. There is no comprehensive advanced textbook of memory currently on the market nor has there been one since the middle 1970s. The reason is simple: no one could possibly write one, certainly not one with the scope and level of information present in the OHM. This volume, then fills a gap that has needed filling for years. For now, the OHM is the gold standard and all memory professionals are in debt of the editors and authors for its existence." -- Canadian Psychology, 42:2"...provides the reader with a sound and thorough grounding in current theoretical memory frameworks and the methodologies and empirical findings on which they are based...useful for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, healthcare professionals such as physicians and other professionals who may have relevant work-related interests, such as lawyers and social workers. Informed laypeople may well also find sections of this text to be quite accessible and-without doubt-informative."--Brain A journal of neurologyFebruary 2002"This volume is a collection of 40 articles about memory mainly from the perspective of experimental psychology. This set of introductory articles should be quite valuable for beginning graduate students."--Journal of Mathematical Psychology"This is a monumental, 700-pages handbook on studies of memory, compiled by and directed to psychologists. Each "chapter" is actually an essay written by a luminary of the field. The early chapters introduce the terminology and the issues at stake. Then specialists survey work on short-term memory, memory encoding, learning, metamemory, memory at various life stages, memory disorders, etc. The book is obviously not for the casual reader. On the other hand, it is filled with valuable experimental data and references to technical literature that will help any psychologist and scholar conduct studies on memory." -- Piero Scaruffi, Thymos.com"...[T]his would appear to be the first dedicated handbook devoted to the cognitive science of memory....Certainly, the coverage in this book is extensive. Everything you wanted to know about the various leading-edge fields of human cognitive memory research is here, and written by eminent researches." Journal of the International Neuropsychological SocietyTable of ContentsPART I: STUDY OF MEMORY; PART II: MEMORY IN THE LABORATORY; MEMORY JUDGMENTS; PART III: MEMORY IN LIFE; PART IV: ORGANIZATION OF MEMORY

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Book SynopsisThis book looks back at the simpler versions of mental life in apes, Neanderthals, and our ancestors, back before our burst of creativity started 50,000 years ago. When you can''t think about the future in much detail, you are trapped in a here-and-now existence with no What if? and Why me? William H. Calvin takes stock of what we have now and then explains why we are nearing a crossroads, where mind shifts gears again. The mind''s big bang came long after our brain size stopped enlarging. Calvin suggests that the development of long sentences--what modern children do in their third year--was the most likely trigger. To keep a half-dozen concepts from blending together like a summer drink, you need some mental structuring. In saying I think I saw him leave to go home, you are nesting three sentences inside a fourth. We also structure plans, play games with rules, create structured music and chains of logic, and have a fascination with discovering how things hang together. Our long traTrade ReviewCalvin's history will stretch your mind.... The Seattle scientist writes in a conversational style, often referring to 'stuff.' But it's high-level stuff with surprising insights. * Associated Press *Conversational and colorful, uncluttered by intimidating footnote references.... Calvin is a master both of how minds work in a cultural context, and how brains work on a neuron level. He's also a master at helping ordinary readers understand neurobiology. * Nashville Scene *As always, the author's erudition demands close attention but makes science entertaining and accessible for the layman. * Kirkus Reviews *As a work of writing, A Brief History of the Mind is not just a summary of Calvin's thoughts; it is full of eloquent quotes from other thinkers. It has a good bibliography for readers who wish to explore this subject.... It is hard to imagine a subject of more fundamental interest to human beings. If you've ever wondered why you are who you are, 'A Brief History of the Mind' is a good place to start. * Seattle Times *

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Book SynopsisStudies of mind, thought and reason have tended to marginalize the role of bodily form, real-world action, and environmental backdrop. In recent years, both in philosophy and cognitive science, this tendency has been identified and, increasingly, resisted. The result is a plethora of work on what has become known as embodied, situated, distributed, and even ''extended'' cognition. Work in this new, loosely knit field depicts thought and reason as in some way inextricably tied to the details of our gross bodily form, our habits of action and intervention, and the enabling web of social, cultural, and technological scaffolding in which we live, move, learn, and think. But exactly what kind of link is at issue? And what difference might such a link or links make to our best philosophical, psychological, and computational models of thought and reason? These are among the large unsolved problems in this increasingly popular field. Drawing upon recent work in psychology, linguistics, neurosTrade Reviewan important book for all cognitive-science theorists of all stripes... Supersizing the Mind will set the terms for many of the coming debates * Evan Thompson, Times Literary Supplement *Table of ContentsForward: By David Chalmers / Acknowledgements / Introduction: BRAINBOUND versus EXTENDED / I: From Embodiment to Cognitive Extension - 1. The Active Body: 1.1 A Walk on the Wild Side; 1.2 Inhabited Interaction; 1.3 Active Sensing; 1.4 Distributed Functional Decomposition; 1.5 Sensing for Coupling; 1.6 Information Self-Structuring; 1.7 Perception, Qualia, and Sensorimotor Expectations; 1.8 Time and Mind; 1.9 Dynamics and (Soft) Computation.; 1.10 Out from the Bedrock; 2. The Negotiable Body: 2.1 Where the Rubber Meets the Road; 2.2 What's in an Interface?; 2.3 New Systemic Wholes; 2.4 Substitutes; 2.5 Incorporation Vs Use; 2.6 Towards Cognitive Extension; 2.7 Three Grades of Embodiment; 3. Material Symbols: 3.1 Language as Scaffolding; 3.2 Augmenting Reality; 3.3 Sculpting Attention; 3.4 Hybrid Thoughts?;3.5 From Translation to Coordination; 3.6 Second-order Cognitive Dynamics; 3.7 Self-made Minds.;4. World, Incorporated: 4.1 Cognitive Niche Construction: A Primer; 4.2 Cognition in the Globe: A Cameo; 4.3 Thinking Space; 4.4 Epistemic Engineers; 4.5 Exploitative Representation and Wide Computation; 4.6 Tetris: The Update; 4.7 The Swirl of Organization; 4.8 Extending the Mind; 4.9 BRAINBOUND versus EXTENDED: The Case So Far.; II. Boundary Disputes - 5. Mind Re-bound?: 5.1 EXTENDED Anxiety; 5.2 Pencil Me In; 5.3 The Odd Coupling; 5.4 Cognitive Candidacy; 5.5 The Mark of the Cognitive?; 5.6 Kinds and Minds; 5.7 Perception and Development; 5.8 Deception and Contested Space; 5.9 Folk Intuition and Cognitive Extension; 5.10 Asymmetry and Lopsideness; 5.11 Similarity vs Complementarity; 5.12 Hippo-World; 6. The Cure for Cognitive Hiccups (HEMC, HEC, HEMC): 6.1 Rupert's Challenge; 6.2 HEC versus HEMC; 6.3 Parity and Cognitive Kinds (Again); 6.4 The Persisting Core; 6.5 Cognitive Impartiality; 6.6 A Brain Teaser; 6.7 Thoughtful Gestures; 6.8 Material Carriers; 6.9 Loops as Mechanisms; 6.10 Anarchic Self-Stimulation; 6.11Autonomous Coupling; 6.12 Why the HEC?; 6.13 The Cure; 7. Rediscovering the Brain: 7.1 Matter into Mind; 7.2.Honey, I Shrunk the Representations; 7.3 Change Spotting: The Sequel; 7.4 Thinking about Thinking: The Brain's Eye View.: 7.5 Born-Again Cartesians?; 7.6 Surrogate Situations; 7.7 Plug Points; 7.8 Brain Control; 7.9 Asymmetry Arguments; 7.10 Extended in a Vat; 7.11 The (Situated) Cognizer's Innards; III: The Limits of Embodiment - 8. Painting, Planning, and Perceiving: 8.1 Enacting Perceptual Experience; 8.2 The Painter and the Perceiver; 8.3 Three Virtues of the Strong Sensorimotor Model; 8.4 A Vice: Sensorimotor (Hyper) Sensitivity; 8.5 What Reaching Teaches; 8.6 (Tweaked)Tele-Assistance; 8.7 Sensorimotor Summarizing; 8.8 Virtual Content, Again; 8.9 Beyond the Sensorimotor Frontier; 9. Disentangling Embodiment: 9.1 Three Threads; 9.2 The Separability Thesis; 9.3 Beyond Flesh-eating Functionalism. ; 9.4 Ada, Adder, and Odder; 9.5 A Tension Revealed; 9.6 What Bodies Are; 9.7 Participant Machinery and Morphological Computation; 9.8 Quantifying Embodiment; 9.9 The Heideggerian Theatre / 10. Conclusions: Mindsized Bites / Appendix: The Extended Mind (Andy Clark and David Chalmers)

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Book SynopsisThe visual world of animals is highly diverse and often very different from the world that we humans take for granted. This book provides an extensive review of the latest behavioral and neurobiological research on animal vision, highlighting fascinating species similarities and differences in visual processing. It contains 26 chapters written by world-leading experts about a variety of species including: honeybees, spiders, fish, birds, and primates. The chapters are divided into six sections: Perceptual grouping and segmentation, Object perception and object recognition, Motion perception, Visual attention, Different dimensions of visual perception, and Evolution of the visual system. An exhaustive work in range and depth, How Animals See the World will be a valuable resource for advanced students and researchers in areas of cognitive psychology, perception and cognitive neuroscience, as well as researchers in the visual sciences.Trade ReviewThe book is fascinating reading for the specialist in perception and the cognitive neuroscientist. * J. A. Mather, CHOICE *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; Part I. Perceptual grouping and segmentation ; Chapter1: What birds see and what they don't ; William Hodos ; Part II. Luminance, contrast, and spatial and temporal resolution ; Chapter 2: Color vision in fish and other vertebrates ; Christa Neumeyer ; Chapter 3: Grouping and early visual processing in avian vision ; Robert Cook and Carl Erick Hagmann ; Chapter 4: Figure-ground segregation and object-based attention in birds ; Olga Lazareva and Edward Wasserman ; Chapter 5: Neurobiological foundations of figure-ground segregation in primates ; Hans Super ; Chapter 6: Illusory perception in animals: Observations and interpretations ; Edward Wasserman ; Chapter 7: Amodal completion and illusory perception in birds and primates ; Kazuo Fujita, Noriyuki Nakamura, Ayumi Sakai, Sota Watanabe, & Tomokazu Ushitani ; Chapter 8: Neurobiology of perception of illusory contours in animals ; Andreas Nieder ; Part III. Object perception and object recognition ; Chapter 9: How jumping spiders see the world ; Duane P Harland, Daiqin Li and Robert R Jackson ; Chapter 10: Visual discrimination by the honeybee (Apis mellifera) ; Adrian Horridge ; Chapter 11: Recognition by components: A birds' eye view ; Edward A. Wasserman and Irving Biederman ; Chapter 12: Birds' perception of depth and objects in pictures ; Marcia L. Spetch and Ronald G. Weisman ; Chapter 13: The recognition of rotated objects in animals ; Jessie J. Peissig and Tamara Goode ; Chapter 14: Neural mechanisms of object recognition in non-human primates ; Rufin Vogels ; Part IV. Motion perception ; Chapter 15: Avian visual processing of motion and objects ; Robert G. Cook and Matthew S. Murphy ; Chapter 16: Neural mechanisms underlying visual motion detection in birds ; Douglas R.W. Wylie and Andrew N. Iwaniuk ; Chapter 17: Primate motion perception ; Bart Krekelberg ; Part V. Visual attention ; Chapter 18: Primate visual attention: How studies of monkeys have shaped theories of selective visual processing ; Pierre Pouget, Jason Arita and Geoffrey F. Woodman ; Chapter 19: Selective and divided attention in pigeons ; Tom Zentall ; Chapter 20: Visual cognition in baboons: Attention to the global and local stimulus properties ; Joel Fagot ; Part VI. Different dimensions of visual perception ; Chapter 21: Circadian visual system of mammals ; awrence P. Morin ; Part VII. Evolution of visual system ; Chapter 22: Evolution of the brain in vertebrates: Overview ; Ann B. Butler ; Chapter 23: Evolution of the vertebrate eye ; James K Bowmaker ; Chapter 24: The avian visual system: Overview ; Toru Shimizu and Shigeru Watanabe ; Chapter 25: Development of the visual system in birds and mammals ; Hans-Joachim Bischof ; Chapter 26: Brain asymmetry in vertebrates ; Onur Gunturkun ; Postscript: Shaun Vecera ; Index

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Book SynopsisThis book looks at how three kinds of strongly electric fishes literally became electrical, and how they helped to change the sciences and medicine. These fishes are the flat torpedo rays common to the Mediterranean, the electric catfishes of Africa, and an eel from South America. The discovery of the electrical nature of these fishes in the second half of the 18th century was the starting point of the two fundamental advances in the sciences: on the physiological side, the demonstration that nerve conduction and muscle excitation are electrical phenomena, and on the physical side, the invention of the electric battery. Starting with catfish tomb drawings from Ancient Egypt and colorful descriptions of torpedoes from the Classical Era, the authors show how these fishes were both fascinating and mysterious to the ancients. After all, not only could they produce torpor and temporary numbness when touched, they could stun through intermediaries, such as wet nets and spears. Various explanTrade ReviewThe book is more than a history of the electric fish; it is also a survey of the history of science, introducing all themes and approaches in this discipline in a relevant chronological sequence. This detailed work will be most useful to professional scientists/ historians in ichthyology neurobiology, and the history of the medical sciences. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsPART I: INTRODUCTION ; 1- The Allure of Electric Fishes: Humboldt's Obsession ; PART II: ANCIENT CULTURES ; 2- The Shocking Catfish of the Nile ; 3- Torpedoes in the Greco-Roman World: ; Pt. 1. Wonders of Nature Between Science and Myth ; 4- Torpedoes in the Greco-Roman World: ; Pt. 2. From Therapeutic Shocks to Theories of the Discharge ; 5- Byzantine and Islamic Writings ; PART III: MIDDLE AGES TO THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD ; 6- Torpedoes: From the Scholastics through the Renaissance ; 7- Rediscovering The Torporific Catfishes ; 8- The "Eels" of South America ; 9- From the Occult to Mechanical Theories of the Discharge ; PART IV: THE EMERGENCE OF FISH ELECTRICITY ; 10- The Electrical World of Benjamin Franklin ; 11- Animal Spirits and Physiology ; 12- First Steps Toward Fish Electricity ; 13- The Dutch, the Eel, and Electricity ; PART V: THE ROYAL SOCIETY AND THE COVETED SPARK ; 14- Edward Bancroft's Guiana Eels and London Connections ; 15- John Walsh's Scientific Journey ; 16- The Royal Society and Interdisciplinary Science ; 17- Out of the Guianas: The American Philosophical Society and the Eel ; 18- Alexander Garden: A Linnaean in South Carolina and Captain Banker's Eels ; 19- Sparks in Darkness and the Eel's Electrical Sense ; 20- Public Knowledge: Newspapers, Magazines, and "Shocking" Poetry ; PART VI: FROM FISH TO NERVE PHYSIOLOGY AND BACK ; 21- Galvani's Animal Electricity ; 22- Electric Fishes in Volta's Path to the Battery ; 23- Galvanism Contra "Voltaism": Electric Fishes and the "Unsolvable" Dilemma ; 24- Electric Fishes in the Nineteenth Century ; 25- The Changing Neurohysiological Setting ; 26- Understanding the Shock Mechanisms: A Twentieth Century Odyssey ; EPILOGUE ; APPENDIX I: Names with Birth and Death Dates ; REFERENCES

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Book SynopsisBased on the author's popular workshop, this concise volume provides scientific and practical guidance on assessing learning disabilities and ADHD in adults. It includes instructions for accessing the author's downloadable PowerPoints, as well as a Continuing Education component (3 credits) that is administered by the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology. Topics include definitions of disability (including legal definitions), assessment, and management approaches (from medications and therapy to educational and workplace accommodations), and assistive technology and software. Three case examples are provided, along with a sample report. The book is aimed at clinical neuropsychologists and clinical psychologists who are involved in the assessment and management of adults with learning disabilities and/or ADHD.Trade Review"Adult Learning Disabilities and ADHD is a clinically rich reference book that is comprehensive in its coverage of issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of learning and attention disorders in adults. A particular strength is the extensive and practical discussion of assessment methods for adults and their illustration in case examples. Dr. Mapou also reviews the scant evidence based on adults with these disorders and links this research to the richer evidence-base on children. The material on accommodations for adults is a must-read for practicing clinicians faced with the common problem of evaluating adults requesting accommodations, with extensive guidance on how to conduct evaluations that will meet guidelines from different agencies and determining accommodations that are potentially implementable in a variety of settings." --Jack M. Fletcher, PhD, ABPP, Distinguished University Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Houston "Thorough, honest and engaging, Adult Learning Disabilities and ADHD gives keen insight into the complexity of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of adults with LD and ADHD; it is both respectful of research while acknowledging just how much we still don't know about the way these disorders manifest in people's lives. Reconciling clinical practice with the rigidity of current legal interpretations can be challenging - Mapou presents a holistic approach to resolving the seeming contradictions." --Jo Anne Simon, JD, Adjunct Associate Professor, Fordham University School of Law "Dr. Robert Mapou provides readers with an up-to-date view of the complexities of LD/ADHD adult assessment in a clear and concise manner. His years of diagnostic experience are bolstered by relevant research findings that are woven throughout the text. Each chapter includes helpful summary points that underscore the key points discussed in the book and are further illustrated by a variety in-depth case studies written by the author. Mapou is able to speak directly to evaluators who write diagnostic reports as well as to the consumers who are seeking answers regarding their disability. He is an artisan who knows how to build reports that are diagnostically sound, relevant and practical."--Loring C. Brinckerhoff, PhD, Higher Education and Disability Consultant "...impressive...Dr. Mapou proposes a provocative new definition of learning disability for adults and shows how empirical research findings drive assessment of learning disabilities and ADHD in adulthood. A clear distinction is drawn between the neuropsychological view of learning disabilities and ADHD as disorders and the legal view of them as disabilities. Dr. Mapou's substantial knowledge and experience also inform the unique and valuable discussions of documentation; accommodations; assistive technology; and interventions."--Mariellen Fischer, PhD, ABPP/CN, Co-author, ADHD in Adults: What the Science Says "This extremely accessible book not only provides a cogent review of the literature, but also delves into the practical aspects of assessing adult ADHD and learning disabilities. For students and experienced clinicians alike, this book offers a valuable learning experience."--Doody's, a 5-star review! "In summary, these two excellent volumes are extremely useful reading for neuropsychologists in research, practice, and training to use a authoritative sources of evidence-based practice in the evaluation and treatment of adults with learning disabilities or ADHD...These books provide an excellent foundation in understanding the evolution of these disorders and how to foster successful outcomes." --Journal of International Neuropsychological Society "...I highly recommend this book to both students and practitioners who are called upon to assess adults for learning disabilities and ADHD. This text provides ample foundation and background not only for assessment of disability, but the need to consider malingering. Assessment is clearly linked to accommodations and intervention. Most importantly, assessment and recommendations are presented in the context of client feedback and follow-up. Each chapter ends with "key points" that may be particularly useful to students or those who do not routinely work with adults." --Cynthis A. Riccio, Texas A&M University, TX "Robert Mapou has written a concise, practical, and insightful book about conducting research-informed assessments of adult learning disabilities and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)...Overall it is an excellent handbook on the nuts and bolts of conducting a high standard of learning disability assessments..." --Psychology PressTable of ContentsCONTENTS ; CONTRIBUTORS

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Book SynopsisThis unique book provides a new view of the organization of the cerebral cortex. It explores the underlying principle of the organization of the cerebral cortex using the dual nature of the origin of the cerebral cortex.Table of ContentsPart I ; Chapter 1 Introduction ; Chapter 2 Architectonics: History and Principles ; Chapter 3 Dual Organization of the Cerebral Cortex ; Chapter 4 Cortical Connections: History and Principles ; Part II ; Chapter 5 Auditory System ; Chapter 6 Somatosensory System ; Chapter 7 Motor System ; Chapter 8 Visual System ; Chapter 9 Multimodal Cortex ; Chapter 10 Prefrontal Cortex ; Chapter 11 Paralimbic System ; Chapter 12 Long Association Pathways ; Chapter 13 Olfactory, Gustatory, and Vestibular Systems and the Amygdala ; Chapter 14 Concluding Comments

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Book SynopsisThis book contains a large collection of beautiful figures produced throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century and that represent some characteristic examples of the early days of research in neuroscience. The main aim of this work is to demonstrate to the general public that the study of the nervous system is not only important for the many obvious reasons related to brain function in both health and disease, but also for the unexpected natural beauty that it beholds. This beauty has been discovered thanks to the techniques used to visualize the microscopic structure of the brain, a true forest of colourful and florid neural cells. As illustrated by his marvellous drawings, the studies of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) no doubt contributed more than those of any other researcher at the time to the growth of modern neuroscience. Thus, we have honored his name in the title of this book, even though the figures contained in the main body of the book are from 91 authors. Looking at the illustrations in this book the readers will not only marvel at Cajal''s drawings but they will also find that many of the other early researchers that studied the nervous system were also true artists, of considerable talent and aesthetic sensibility. Thus, the present book contains numerous drawings of some of the most important pioneers in neuroscience, including Deiters, Kölliker, Meynert, Ranvier, Golgi, Retzius, Nissl, Dogiel, Alzheimer, del Río-Hortega and de Castro.The book has been divided into two Parts, Part I and II, the latter containing the main body of the work. Part I contains introductory information that will give readers unfamiliar with the nervous system a better understanding of the importance of the scientific illustrations produced in those days. The second part of the book, Part II, contains the collection of 282 figures with the intention of transforming the reader into an observer. These illustrations have been divided in three main categories: Section I, The Benedictine period: The early days; Section II, The black period: Neurons, glia and organization of the nervous system; Section III, The colourful period: internal structure and chemistry of the cells.This book will be of general interest, not only due to the captivating aesthetic appeal of the illustrations but also because they represent the bases of our current understanding of the nervous system. The reader will find that many of the illustrations can be considered to belong to different artistic movements, such as modernism, surrealism, cubism, abstract art or impressionism. Indeed, these illustrations may also provide artists with a source of inspiration since they reveal a fantastic and virtually unknown world of forms, a microuniverse with an aura of mystery.Trade ReviewJavier DeFelipe should be congratulated on assembling such a beautiful book about the earliest microscopic investigations of the nervous system conducated at the end of the 19th century and early 20th century...This book is a wonderful addition to the library of any neuroscientist or neurologist. It is worthy of attention of artists who enjoy the beauty of the natural world. * The Lancet Neurology *I recommend this book unreservedly; and I thank Javier DeFelipe and Oxford University Press for giving us so much beauty. * Brain *...exquisitely illustrated...This book represents the best collection of illustrations and succinct text about the history of discovery of microscopic neuroanatomy I have ever read. The book is attractively priced and should delight anyone with an interest in the nervous system. Encased within a striking dust jacket, sturdy spine, and boards, this book would make a perfect gift to graudating house staff. * Edward J. Fine, MD, FAAN, Neurology *Dr. DeFelipe's book is not just a cofee-table book for viewing century-old stunning pictorial images, it is a highly relevant text for today. Should you spend $75 on this book? If you do, I can guarantee that you will have hours of wonder, gazing at the illustrations and not believing what you see - that is until you next look down your microscope. * Roy O. Weller, Emeritus Professor of Neuropathology, University of Southampton School of Medicine *...it [the book] is a stunningly gorgeous work with two-hundred-and-eighty-eight incredible images. Anyone who is in need of content for their coffee table, this is it. The illustrations are just breathtaking, purely and simply, and, of course, naturally. It is...invaluable. I highly recommend it; there is brilliant text as well. * Benjamin Erlich, Just One of the Guys...In Search of Cosmic Wisdom. *The book is an education in the fundamental concepts behind today's brain research as well as an inspired vision of science as an artistic and aesthetic enterprise. * Gordon M. Shepherd, MD, DPhil, Department of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT *Table of ContentsPART I: INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTORY REMARKS The beauties of the nervous system: neurons and glial cells A note on the illustration. A SKETCH HISTORY OF THE MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEMBEFORE THE DISCOVERY OF THE "REAZIONE NERA" SECTION 1 : THE BENEDICTINE PERIOD: THE EARLY DAYS Globules, granules, corpuscles (nerve cells): key elements of the nervous system Relationship between nerve cells and nerve fibers: development of microanatomical methods The reticular theory SECTION 2: THE BLACK PERIOD: NEURONS, GLIA AND ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The discovery of the reazione nera The Golgi method, Cajal, Maestre de San Juan and Simarro Cajal's first study with the Golgi method: dendrites and axons end freely The neuron doctrine and the law of dynamic polarization of nerve cells Arrows in the illustrations: the direction of the nervous currents SECTION 3: THE COLORFUL PERIOD: INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF THE CELLS On the early use of selective colorants to study the nervous system The first explosion of colors: normal and altered cytology of neural cells The second explosion of colors: Fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy The third explosion of colors: the green fluorescent protein and the Brainbow CLOSING COMMENTS ON BRAIN AND ART BIBLIOGRAPHY PART II: GALLERY OF DRAWINGS SECTION 1. THE BENEDICTINE PERIOD: THE EARLY DAYS FIGURE LEGENDS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY SECTION 2. THE BLACK PERIOD: NEURONS, GLIA AND ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FIGURE LEGENDS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY SECTION 3. THE COLORFUL PERIOD: INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF THE CELLS FIGURE LEGENDS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX

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Book SynopsisThe prefrontal cortex makes up almost a quarter of the human brain. The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex presents a new theory about its fundamental function. Written by two leading brain scientists, it is an important contribution to our understanding of the evolution and functioning of the human brain.Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Evolution of the primate prefrontal cortex ; 3. Medial prefrontal cortex: choosing actions based on outcomes ; 4. Orbital prefrontal cortex: choosing objects based on outcomes ; 5. Caudal prefrontal cortex: searching for goals ; 6. Dorsal prefrontal cortex: generating goals based on recent events ; 7. * Ventral prefrontal cortex: generating goals based on visual and auditory contexts ; 8. * Prefrontal cortex as a whole: generating goals from current contexts and events ; 9. Human prefrontal cortex: generating goals from instructions and imagination ; 10. Conclusions ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Evolution of the primate prefrontal cortex ; 3. Medial prefrontal cortex: choosing actions based on outcomes ; 4. Orbital prefrontal cortex: choosing objects based on outcomes ; 5. Caudal prefrontal cortex: searching for goals ; 6. Dorsal prefrontal cortex: generating goals based on recent events ; 7. * Ventral prefrontal cortex: generating goals based on visual and auditory contexts ; 8. * Prefrontal cortex as a whole: generating goals from current contexts and events ; 9. Human prefrontal cortex: generating goals from instructions and imagination ; 10. Conclusions

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Book SynopsisThinking and reasoning, long the academic province of philosophy, have over the past century emerged as core topics of empirical investigation and theoretical analysis in the modern fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience. Formerly seen as too complicated and amorphous to be included in early textbooks on the science of cognition, the study of thinking and reasoning has since taken off, brancing off in a distinct direction from the field from which it originated.The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is a comprehensive and authoritative handbook covering all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning. Written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual chapters summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history, and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading. Chapters include introductions to foundational issues and methods of study in the field, as well as treatment of specific types of thinking and reasoning and their application in a broad range of fields including business, education, law, medicine, music, and science. The volume will be of interest to scholars and students working in developmental, social and clinical psychology, philosophy, economics, artificial intelligence, education, and linguistics.Trade Review"This rich and complex book tackles the vagaries of the mind in a neuroscientific framework, but it is not a survey or introductory manual to be read casually. It requires an intense passion for studying this area and in-depth understanding of the concepts to truly reap its rewards." -- DOODY'S "This is an excellent volume on the growing field of thinking and reasoning, now a part of high-level human cognition which includes creative thinking, decision making and problem solving. These have of late become increasingly important areas of inquiry and scientific research. The better we understand ourselves and others, the happier are the lives we can lead. The editors and contributors therefore deserve to be applauded for this monumental work which contributes immensely to understanding ourselves and our thoughts." -- BizIndia "This comprehensive treatment of human thinking should be of value to anyone who is interested in human cognition and the many ways in which it can be conceptualized, modeled, and studied. Holyoak and Morrison in the Oxford Handbook also provide suggestions for organizing the chapters in the book for use as a text for advanced undergraduates (very advanced, I'd add) and graduate students. All of these potential readers should find many issues worth thinking about in the 836 pages of this book." -- PsycCRITIQUESTable of Contents1. Thinking and Reasoning: A Reader's Guide ; Keith J. Holyoak and Robert G. Morrison ; Part One: General Approaches to Thinking and Reasoning ; 2. Normative Systems: Logic, Probability, and Rational Choice ; Nick Chater and Mike Oaksford ; 3. Bayesian Inference ; Tom Griffiths, Josh Tenenbaum, and Charles Kemp ; 4. Knowledge Representation ; Arthur B. Markman ; 5. Computational Modeling of Higher Cognition ; Leonidas A. A. Doumas and John E. Hummel ; 6. Neurocognitive Methods in Higher Cognition ; Robert G. Morrison and Barbara Knowlton ; 7. Mental Function as Genetic Expression: Emerging Insights from Cognitive Neurogenetics ; Adam E. Green and Kevin N. Dunbar ; Part Two: Deductive, Inductive, and Abductive Reasoning ; 8. Dual-process Theories of Reasoning: Facts and Fallacies ; Jonathan St. B. T. Evans ; 9. Inference in Mental Models ; P. N. Johnson-Laird ; 10. Similarity ; Robert L. Goldstone and Ji Yun Son ; 11. Concepts and Categories: Memory, Meaning, and Metaphysics ; Lance J. Rips, Edward E. Smith, and Douglas L. Medin ; 12. Causal Learning and Inference ; Marc Buehner and Patricia W. Cheng ; 13. Analogy and Relational Reasoning ; Keith J. Holyoak ; 14. Explanation and Abductive Inference ; Tania Lombrozo ; 15. Rational Argument ; Ulrike Hahn and Mike Oaksford ; Part Three: Judgment and Decision Making ; 16. Decision Making ; Robyn A. LeBoeuf and Eldar Shafir ; 17. Judgment Heuristics ; Dale Griffin ; 18. Cognitive Hierarchies and Emotions in Behavioral Game Theory ; Colin Camerer and Alec Smith ; 19. Moral Judgment ; Michael Waldmann, Jonas Nagel, and Alex Wiegmann ; 20. Motivated Thinking ; Daniel C. Molden and E. Tory Higgins ; Part Four: Problem Solving, Intelligence, and Creative Thinking ; 21. Problem Solving ; Miriam Bassok and Laura R. Novick ; 22. On the Distinction between Rationality and Intelligence: Implications for Understanding Individual Differences in Reasoning ; Keith E. Stanovich ; 23. Cognition and the Creation of Ideas ; Steve M. Smith and Tom B. Ward ; 24. Insight ; J. Jason van Steenburgh, Jessica I. Fleck, Mark Beeman, and John Kounios ; 25. Genius ; Dean Keith Simonton ; Part Five: Ontogeny, Phylogeny, Language, and Culture ; 26. Development of Thinking in Children ; Susan A. Gelman and Brandy N. Frazier ; 27. The Human Enigma ; Derek Penn and Dan Povinelli ; 28. Language and Thought ; Lila Gleitman and Anna Papafragou ; 29. Thinking in Society and Culture ; Tage Rai ; Part Six: Modes of Thinking ; 30. Development of Quantitative Thinking ; John Opfer and Robert Siegler ; 31. Visuospatial Thinking ; Mary Hegarty and Andrew T. Stull ; 32. Gesture in Thought ; Susan Goldin-Meadow and Susan Wagner Cook ; 33. Impact of Aging on Thinking ; Shannon McGillivray, Michael C. Friedman, and Alan D. Castel ; 34. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia ; Peter Bachman and Tyrone D. Cannon ; Part Seven: Thinking in Practice ; 35. Scientific Thinking and Reasoning ; Kevin N. Dunbar and David Klahr ; 36. Legal Reasoning ; Barbara A. Spellman and Fred Schauer ; 37. Medical Reasoning and Thinking ; Vimla L. Patel, Jose F. Arocha, and Jiajie Zhang ; 38. Thinking in Business ; Jeffrey Lowenstein ; 39. Musical Thought ; William Forde Thompson and Paolo Ammirante ; 40. Learning to Think: Cognitive Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer ; Ken Koedinger and Ido Roll

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Book SynopsisThe Shape of Thought: How Mental Adaptations Evolve presents a road map for an evolutionary psychology of the twenty-first century. It brings together theory from biology and cognitive science to show how the brain can be composed of specialized adaptations, and yet also an organ of plasticity. Although mental adaptations have typically been seen as monolithic, hard-wired components frozen in the evolutionary past, The Shape of Thought presents a new view of mental adaptations as diverse and variable, with distinct functions and evolutionary histories that shape how they develop, what information they use, and what they do with that information. The book describes how advances in evolutionary developmental biology can be applied to the brain by focusing on the design of the developmental systems that build it. Crucially, developmental systems can be plastic, designed by the process of natural selection to build adaptive phenotypes using the rich information available in our social and Trade ReviewRich and thoughtful, this book lays out why, if we want to understand human psychology, neural plasticity, cultural differences and cognitive development, we need evolutionary theory, and an understanding of how humans evolved. In Barrett's hands, the pernicious dichotomy that divides "learning" from "innate" explanations crumbles, leaving only evolutionary explanations, which may involve different types of developmental processes. In setting the house back in order, Barrett synthesizes insights and findings from psychology, culture-gene coevolutionary theory, anthropology, developmental biology and philosophy. He delivers Evolutionary Psychology 2.0. * Joe Henrich, Canada Research Chair in Culture, Cognition and Coevolution, University of British Columbia *In this lucid book, Barrett explains how thinking about the evolution of the mind should shape our understanding of how the mind works. Bringing sophisticated knowledge of evolutionary biology and cognitive science together, he reconciles opposing views about the role learning and culture in the workings of the human mind. This book will be the bible for a broader, more inclusive evolutionary psychology. * Rob Boyd, Origins Professor, Arizona State University *Barrett has read your mind, and knows your questions. He will lead you gently but fiercely through the controversies that surround evolutionary psychology and cognitive science, showing you that one cannot exist without the other. * Leda Cosmides, Center for Evolutionary Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara *Clark Barrett takes the reader from the basics of evolutionary psychology to exciting stuff at the cutting-edge of today's research. He does so with splendid clarity, illuminating examples, and an engaging balance of wisdom and passion. An important book and an excellent read! * Dan Sperber, Professor of Cognitive Science and of Philosophy at the Central European University, Budapest *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ; Introduction: The problem ; Part 1. Evolution ; 1 - Additivism ; 2 - Hill-climbing ; Part 2. Information ; 3 - Adding value ; 4 - Social ontology ; 5 - Minds ; Part 3. Development ; 6 - Development ; 7 - Open ends ; Part 4. Culture ; 8 - Moving targets ; 9 - Culture ; 10 - Accumulation ; Part 5. Architecture ; 11 - Parts ; 12 - Wholes ; 13 - Us ; Conclusion: Possibilities ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisFlavour is arguably the most fascinating aspect of eating and drinking. It utilises a complex variety of senses and processes, that incredibly work together to generate a unified, and hopefully pleasurable, experience. The processes involved are not just those involved in tasting at the time of eating, but also memory and learning processes - we obviously shun those foods of which we have a negative memory, and favour those we enjoy. Our understanding of the science of flavour has improved in recent years, benefiting psychology, cuisine, food science, oenology, and dietetics.This book describes what is known about the psychology and biology of flavour. Written by an authority in the field, it is divided into two parts. The first explores what we know about the flavour system; including the role of learning and memory in flavour perception and hedonics; the way in which all the senses that contribute to flavour interact, and our ability to perceive flavour as a whole and as a series of Trade ReviewIt presents the richness and depth of the somewhat scattered research together in an intriguing manner. There has been no work published that is so comprehensive and clear in its presentation. * Perception *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; Flavour and its function in omnivores ; Themes and organization of the book ; The flavour stimulus - food and drink ; Oral anatomy, mastication and swallowing ; The interoceptive flavour senses - olfaction, gustation and somatosensation ; 2. Types of flavour interaction ; 3. Causes of flavour interaction ; 4. Wholes and parts ; Is flavour a unitary experience? ; Wholes into parts ; 5. Flavour hedonics ; 6. Theory ; Functional approach to flavour ; Issues arising ; 7. Implications ; Future directions

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together leading international learning and attention researchers to provide both a comprehensive and wide-ranging overview of the current state of knowledge of this area as well as new perspectives and directions for the future.Table of Contents1. An introduction to attention and learning ; 2. Two theories of attention: A review and a possible integration ; 3. Attentional learning ; 4. Selective attention to conditioned stimuli in human discrimination learning: Untangling the effects of outcome prediction, valence, arousal and uncertainty ; 5. Latent inhibition ; 6. Attention and perceptual learning ; 7. Acquired distinctiveness and equivalence: A synthesis ; 8. Attention and human associative learning ; 9. On the use of the term 'attention' ; 10. Attention and memory in human learning ; 11. Backward blocking of relevance-indicating cues:Evidence for locally eayesian learning ; 12. Brain systems of attention in associative learning ; 13. Neural correlates of attentional set ; 14. Clinical studies of attention and learning

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Book SynopsisThe new edition of Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience build on the success and strengths of the first edition. Completely redesigned and revised, it introduces the theoretical foundations of neuroscience with a focus on the nature of information processing in the brain.

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Book SynopsisWhat do we do when we view a work of art? What does it mean to have an aesthetic experience? Are such experiences purely in the eye (and brain) of the beholder? Such questions have entertained philosophers for millennia and psychologists for over a century. More recently, with the advent of functional neuroimaging methods, a handful of ambitious brain scientists have begun to explore the neural correlates of such experiences. The notion of aesthetics is generally linked to the way art evokes an hedonic response--we like it or we don''t. Of course, a multitude of factors can influence such judgments, such as personal interest, past experience, prior knowledge, and cultural biases. In this book, philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists were asked to address the nature of aesthetic experiences from their own discipline''s perspective. In particular, we asked these scholars to consider whether a multidisciplinary approach, an aesthetic science, could help connect mind, brain, and aTrade Review"Shimamura and Palmer's excellent book resurrects Gustav Theodor Fechner's plan from the 1870s for an empirical science of art and aesthetics, a project which briefly flourished before withering during the 20th century. In a millennial renaissance, the cognitive sciences have readdressed art and aesthetics, in what Shimamura and Palmer aptly call 'Aesthetic Science'." -- Chris McManus, Professor of Psychology and Medical Education at University College LondonTable of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. Toward a Science of Aesthetics: Ideas and Issues ; Arthur P. Shimamura ; Part I: Philosophical Perspectives ; 2. The Philosophy of Art and Aesthetics, Psychology, and Neuroscience: Studies in Literature, Visual Arts, and Music ; Noel Carroll, Margaret Moore, & William P. Seeley ; 3. Aesthetic Theory and Aesthetic Science: Prospects for Integration ; Vincent Bergeron and Dominic McIver Lopes ; 4. Triangulating Aesthetic Experience ; Murray Smith ; 5. Art and the Anthropologists ; Gregory Currie ; 6. Aesthetic Science and Artistic Knowledge ; Blake Gopnik ; Part II: Psychological Perspectives ; 7. Empirical Investigation of an Aesthetic Experience with Art ; Paul J. Locher ; 8. Hidden Knowledge in Aesthetic Judgments: Preferences for Colors and Spatial Compositions ; Stephen E. Palmer, Karen B. Schloss, and Jonathan S. Gardner ; 9. Processing Fluency, Aesthetic Pleasure, and Culturally Shared Taste ; Rolf Reber ; 10. Human Emotions and Aesthetic Experience ; Paul J. Silvia ; 11. Artistic Development: The Three Essential Spheres ; Kimberly M. Sheridan and Howard Gardner ; Part III: Neuroscience Perspectives ; 12. Neuroaesthetics: Growing Pains of a New Discipline ; Anjan Chatterjee ; 13. The Modularity of Aesthetic Processing and Perception in the Human Brain: Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Neuroaesthetics ; Ulrich Kirk ; 14. Art Compositions Elicit Distributed Activation in the Human Brain ; Alumit Ishai ; 15. A Cognitive and Behavioral Neurological Approach to Aesthetics ; Zachary A. Miller & Bruce L. Miller ; 16. Neurology of Visual Aesthetics: Indian Nymphs, Modern Art, and Sexy Beaks ; V. S. Ramachandran and Elizabeth Seckel

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Book SynopsisWhen historian Charles Weiner found pages of Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman''s notes, he saw it as a record of Feynman''s work. Feynman himself, however, insisted that the notes were not a record but the work itself. In Supersizing the Mind , Andy Clark argues that our thinking doesn''t happen only in our heads but that certain forms of human cognizing include inextricable tangles of feedback, feed-forward and feed-around loops: loops that promiscuously criss-cross the boundaries of brain, body and world. The pen and paper of Feynman''s thought are just such feedback loops, physical machinery that shape the flow of thought and enlarge the boundaries of mind. Drawing upon recent work in psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, robotics, human-computer systems, and beyond, Supersizing the Mind offers both a tour of the emerging cognitive landscape and a sustained argument in favor of a conception of mind that is extended rather than brain-bound. The importance of this new perspective is profound. If our minds themselves can include aspects of our social and physical environments, then the kinds of social and physical environments we create can reconfigure our minds and our capacity for thought and reason.brilliant...[providing] the best argument I''ve seen for the idea that minds are smeared over more space than neuroscience might have us believe - New Scientist Supersizing the Mind is an important book for cognitive-science theorists of all stripes.... Although traditional and radical theorists are likely to remain unconvinced, there can be no doubt that Supersizing the Mind will set the terms for many of the coming debates.-- Times Literary Supplement ...it offers original thinking in the philosophy of mind, and it is highly recommended for academic collections in that subject.-- Library Journal In Supersizing the Mind, philosopher Andy Clark makes the compelling argument that the mind extends beyond the body to include the tools, symbols and other artefacts we deploy to engage the world.... Supersizing the Mind is a treat to read. It is brimming with remarkable ideas, novel insights and amusing language.--NatureTrade Reviewbrilliant...providing the best argument I've seen for the idea that minds are smeared over more space than neuroscience might have us believe. * New Scientist *Table of ContentsForward: By David Chalmers

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Book SynopsisThe Fourth Edition of The Neuron features newly updated chapters and scores of full-color figures, making it an ideal first course in the cell and molecular biology of nerve cells.Trade ReviewThe text is impressively modern, with up-to date information on the trendiest areas of neurobiology . . .the book is highly visual, with figures on virtually every page. The figures deserve special comment because they are a teacher's dream: simple and uncluttered, but conceptually powerful. Frankly, although the recommendation is often absurd, The Neuron is one of those books that really does belong on every shelf. * Nature *The format of each chapter is ideally suited for easy, enjoyable, and almost effortless learning . . . This is a superbly written and well-illustrated text covering all of the major aspects of neuroscientific knowledge . . . every neuroscientist should keep a copy handy. * Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience *This is a first-rate textbook for a course in cellular neurobiology for upper-level university students. My colleagues and I took it out on a shakedown cruise with a class of 250 undergraduates. The wind really caught their sails, and we sped quickly through it in the ten weeks of the academic quarter. The students appreciated the consistent clarity and the uniformity of style. The illustrations are highly conceptual and were easily understood . . . The up-to-date presentation of many exciting recent findings is a great strength. General principles are illustrated with a useful blend of data from vertebrate and invertebrate systems. * William S Messer, Jr., in The Quarterly Review of Biology *An outstanding, easily readable, and quite up-to-date overview of fundamental neurobiology. * Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences *Table of ContentsPreface to the Fourth Edition ; I. Introduction ; 1. Signaling in the Brain ; 2. Form and Function in Cells of the Brain ; II. Electrical Properties of Neurons ; 3. Electrical Signaling in Neurons ; 4. Membrane Ion Channels and Ion Currents ; 5. Ion Channels Are Membrane Proteins ; 6. Ion Channels, Membrane Ion Currents, and the Action Potential ; 7. Diversity in the Structure and Function of Ion Channels ; III. Intercellular Communication ; 8. Intercellular Communication: How Neurons Communicate: Gap Junctions and Neurosecretion ; 9. Synaptic Release of Neurotransmitters ; 10. Neurotransmitters and Neurohormones ; 11. Receptors and Transduction Mechanisms I: Receptors Coupled Directly to Ion Channels ; 12. Receptors and Transduction Mechanisms II: Indirectly Coupled Receptor/Ion Channel Systems ; 13. Sensory Receptors ; IV. Behavior and Plasticity ; 14. The Birth and Death of a Neuron ; 15. Neuronal Growth and Trophic Factors ; 16. Adhesion Molecules and Axon Pathfinding ; 17. Formation, Maintenance, and Plasticity of Chemical Synapses ; 18. Intrinsic Neuronal Properties, Neural Networks and Behavior ; 19. Learning and Memory

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Book Synopsis... and still we could never suppose that fortune were to be so friendly to us, such as to allow us to be perhaps the first in handling, as it were, the electricity concealed in nerves, in extracting it from nerves, and, in some way, in putting it under everyone''s eyes. With these words, Luigi Galvani announced to the world in 1791 his discovery that nervous conduction and muscle excitation are electrical phenomena. The result of more than years of intense experimental work, Galvani''s milestone achievement concluded a thousand-year scientific search, in a field long dominated by the antiquated beliefs of classical science. Besides laying the grounds for the development of the modern neurosciences, Galvani''s discovery also brought to light an invention that would forever change humankind''s everyday life: the electric battery of Alessandro Volta. In an accessible style, written for specialists and general readers alike, Shocking Frogs retraces the steps of both scientific discoveriesTrade ReviewShocking Frogs is thoroughly enjoyable and rich in detail. Indeed, it would add to anyones knowledge, including that of the expert historian. * Harry A. Whitaker, PhD, Department of Psychology, Northern Michigan University, in 'Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology', Vol. 29, No. 1, March 2016 *Table of ContentsForeword ; Authors' preface to the Italian edition ; Authors' preface to the English edition ; Acknowledgments ; 1. Galvani, Volta and the forgotten electrophysiology ; 2. "Truth and usefulness": medicine and natural philosophy in the eighteenth century ; 2.1 Galvani's education in Bologna: the University, the Institute of Sciences, and the hospitals ; 2.2. Galvani's professional career ; 2.3 Galvani's early anatomo-physiological investigation ; 3. Animal spirits, vital forces, and electricity: nervous conduction and muscular motion in the eighteenth century ; 3.1 The debate on Hallerian irritability ; 3.2 The study of electricity in the eighteenth century ; 3.3. "Artificial" electricity, "natural" electricity and their role in the human body ; 3.4. Electric fish ; 4. Artificial electricity, the spark, and the nervous fluid: Galvani's early research on muscular motion ; 4.1 The beginning of electrophysiological experimentation ; 4.2. A "problematic" turn: the observation of contractions at a distance ; 4.3. Galvani's Saggio sulla forza nervea of 1782 ; 5. A "fortunate" discovery: Galvani's theory of animal electricity ; 5.1. The study of "airs" in relation to the living organism ; 5.2. The effects of atmospheric electricity on muscular motion and the discovery of metal arcs ; 5.3. The model of the muscle as an animal Leyden jar ; 5.4. The final elaboration of the theory of animal electricity ; 6. The controversy between Galvani and Volta over animal electricity: the first stage ; 6.1. Galvani's work in the scientific culture of the late eighteenth century ; 6.2 Volta's early research on animal electricity: quantification, muscular physiology, and the "special theory of contact electricity" ; 6.3. Galvani's Trattato dell'arco conduttore: the criticism against Volta and the notion of a circuit of animal electricity ; 7. The controversy between Galvani and Volta over animal electricity: the second stage ; 7.1. Volta's "general theory of contact electricity" ; 7.2. Galvani's reply to Volta's criticisms and the1797 Memorie sulla elettricita animale ; 7.3 Galvani's research on electric fish and the various forms of electricity ; 7.4 The conclusion of the Galvani-Volta controversy ; 8. The electrophysiological work of Alessandro Volta ; 8.1 Volta and life sciences ; 8.2 Volta's research on sensations ; 8.3 Sensation and muscular motion in Volta's "chain" experiments ; 8.4 Volta's research on electric fishes and the invention of the electric battery ; 9. From Galvani to Hodgkin and beyond: the central problem of electrophysiology in the last two centuries ; 9.1 Measuring animal electricity ; 9.2 Nervous conduction: propagated electric signal and the firing of a train of gun-powder ; 9.3. The involvement of animal electricity in nerve conduction demonstrated ; 10. Neuromuscular excitability: the modern explanation ; 10.1 Cell membrane and ions: a machine generating electric potentials ; 10.2. The electric mechanism of nerve conduction and muscle excitation ; 11. Concluding remarks ; Bibliography

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Book SynopsisNystagmus in Infancy and Childhood is a highly-illustrative and thoughtfully written text that provides clinicians and scientists with detailed yet concise information regarding our current understanding, evaluation, and treatments of nystagmus in infancy and childhood. Throughout the text are clinical pearls and narrative observations intended to help the reader appreciate the enormous strides forward in the past 50 years of nystagmus research. Timely and comprehensive, this book is an everything you need to know resource, and will provide the reader with:- detailed methodologies of investigation, including analysis software, models of the ocular motor system, and current hypotheses regarding ocular motor oscillations- complementary appendices that can be used for special purposes, i.e., as clinical examination sheets, patient information sheets, and algorithm for computer analysis of nystagmus waveforms- new therapeutic approaches, using relevant eye-movement data and mechanisms- a rTrade Review"This book is unique in that it describes, illustrates, and shares current understanding, evaluation and treatment of nystagmus in infancy and childhood. The duo of authors named below have broadened the frontiers of knowledge on this disorder, as you will discover from the research-based information provided in this book, with discussions and reference sources; and graphics, including charts, figures, formulas, images, and tables." --Biz India "...Enterprising and bold, and is an invaluable, eminently readable book for clinicians, vision scientists, and trainees." --PerceptionTable of ContentsChapter 1. Relevant Anatomy and Physiology ; 1.1 INFRANUCLEAR OCULAR MOTOR ANATOMY ; 1.1.1 Extraocular Muscles ; 1.1.2 Extraocular Muscle Pulleys ; 1.1.3 Orbital Tissues ; 1.2 SUPRANUCLEAR OCULAR MOTOR ANATOMY ; 1.2.1 Frontal Eye Fields ; 1.2.2 Superior Colliculus ; 1.2.3 Brainstem Nuclei ; 1.2.4 Vestibular Nuclei ; 1.2.5 Cerebellum ; 1.3 AFFERENT SYSTEM ; 1.3.1 Retina/Optic Nerve ; 1.3.2 Optic Nerve ; 1.3.3 Lateral Geniculate ; 1.3.4 Geniculostriate ; 1.3.5 Association Cortex ; 1.3.6 Ocular Motor Proprioception ; 1.4 EFFERENT SYSTEM ; 1.4.1 Smooth Pursuit System ; 1.4.2 Saccadic System ; 1.4.3 Vergence System ; 1.4.4 Vestibuloocular System ; Chapter 2. Infantile Nystagmus SyInfantile Nystagmus Syndromendrome ; 2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF INS ; 2.1.1 History and Background ; 2.1.1.1 Ancient Descriptions and Theories ; 2.1.1.2 Connection to Fixation Attempt ; 2.1.1.3 Modern Physiological Investigation ; 2.1.2 Waveforms, Models, and Mechanisms ; 2.1.2.1 Waveform Types ; 2.1.2.2 Braking and Foveating Saccades ; 2.1.2.3 The Foveation Period ; 2.1.2.4 Foveation Accuracy ; 2.1.2.5 Target Acquisition Time ; 2.1.2.6 Smooth Pursuit ; 2.1.3 The Static Neutral Zone/Region ; 2.1.3.1 Latent Component ; 2.1.4 The Dynamic Neutral Zone/Region ; 2.1.4.1 Asymmetric, (a)Periodic Alternation ; 2.1.4.2 Optokinetic, Pursuit and Vestibuloocular Responses ; 2.1.5 The Null Angle/Zone/Region ; 2.1.6 The Convergence Null ; 2.1.7 The Saccadic Response ; 2.1.8 Static and Dynamic Head Posturing ; 2.1.9 Foveation and Visual Acuity (High Spatial Frequency Vision) ; 2.1.9.1. The eXpanded Nystagmus Acuity Function (NAFX) ; 2.1.9.1.1 NAFX vs. Gaze Angle ; 2.1.9.1.2 LFD and TID ; 2.1.10 Oscillopsia Suppression ; 2.1.10.1 Foveation Dynamics ; 2.1.10.2 Temporal Sampling ; 2.1.10.3 Efference Copy ; 2.1.11 Afferent Stimulation ; 2.1.11.1 Cutaneous Trigeminal Stimulation ; 2.1.11.2 Deep Muscle Stimulation ; 2.1.11.3 Contact Lenses ; 2.1.11.4 Biofeedback ; 2.1.12 Canine Nystagmus (Achiasmatic Belgian Sheepdog) ; 2.1.12.1 See-Saw ; 2.1.12.2 Pendular ; 2.1.12.3 Tenotomy & Reattachment Procedure ; 2.1.13 Canine Model of INS with RPE65 Retinal Degeneration (Briard) ; 2.2 ETIOLOGY OF INS ; 2.2.1 Familial (Gene Defect) ; 2.2.2 Developmental Disturbance Of Ocular Motor System with Associated Sensory System Deficit. ; 2.2.2.1 Albinism ; 2.2.2.2 Achiasma ; 2.2.2.3 Infantile Strabismus ; 2.2.2.4 Non-vectorial Visual Sensory Deficits ; 2.2.3 The Direct Cause(s) of INS with or without Sensory/Genetic Deficits ; 2.2.3.1 Loss of Smooth-Pursuit Damping ; 2.2.3.2 Tonic Vestibular-Optokinetic Imbalance ; 2.3 VISUAL FUNCTION DEFICITS AND MEASUREMENTS OF INS ; 2.3.1 Static Deficits ; 2.3.1.1 The eXpanded Nystagmus Acuity Function and Longest Foveation ; Domain Measures ; 2.3.2 Dynamic Deficits ; 2.3.2.1 Target Acquisition Time (Stationary Targets) ; 2.3.2.2 Target Acquisition Time (Moving Targets) ; 2.3.3 Clinical ; 2.3.3.1 Visual Acuity at Different Gaze Angles ; 2.4 TREATMENTS OF INS ; 2.4.1 Goals ; 2.4.2 Non-Surgical ; 2.4.2.1 Prisms ; 2.4.2.2 Contact Lenses ; 2.4.2.3 Drugs ; 2.4.2.4 Biofeedback ; 2.4.2.5 Gene-Transfer Therapy ; 2.4.3 Surgical ; 2.4.3.1 Four-Muscle Resection & Recession Procedure (Operation 1) ; (aka Kestenbaum, Anderson-Kestenbaum, or Anderson+Goto) ; 2.4.3.2 Two-Muscle Recession Procedure (Operation 1A) (aka Anderson) ; 2.4.3.3 Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession Procedure (Operation 8) ; 2.4.3.4 Tenotomy & Reattachment Procedure (Operation 6) ; Chapter 3. Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus Syndrome ; 3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF FMNS ; 3.1.1 Waveforms, Models, and Mechanisms ; 3.1.1.1 Types (FMNS plus Nucleus of the Optic Tract) ; 3.1.1.2 The Fixating Eye ; 3.1.1.3 Target Foveation and Dual-Mode Fast Phases ; 3.1.1.4 Foveation Accuracy ; 3.1.2 Variation with Gaze Angle ; 3.1.3 Head Position ; 3.1.4 Foveation, NAFX, and Acuity ; 3.1.5 Efference Copy, Foveation, and Oscillopsia Suppression ; 3.2 TREATMENTS OF FMNS ; 3.2.1. Fixation Preference ; 3.2.2. Alexander's Law ; 3.2.3. Eye Muscle Surgery ; Chapter 4. Other Types of Nystagmus of Infancy ; 4.1 NYSTAGMUS BLOCKAGE SYNDROME ; 4.1.1 Characteristics of NBS ; 4.1.1.1 Multiple Types of Nystagmus ; 4.1.1.2 Waveforms and Mechanisms ; 4.1.1.2.1 Target Foveation ; 4.1.1.2.2 Foveation Accuracy ; 4.1.1.3 Purposive Esotropia ; 4.1.1.4 Head Position ; 4.1.1.5 Blockage Syndrome Types I and II ; 4.1.1.6 Foveation, NAFX, and Acuity ; 4.1.1.7 Efference Copy, Foveation, and Oscillopsia Suppression ; 4.1.2 Treatments of NBS ; 4.1.2.1. Fixation Preference ; 4.1.2.2. Alexander's Law ; 4.1.2.3. Surgical ; 4.1.2.3.1. Fixating Eye ; 4.2 SPASMUS NUTANS SYNDROME ; 4.2.1 Characteristics of SNS ; 4.2.1.1 Waveforms and Mechanisms ; 4.2.1.2 Variable Interocular Phase ; 4.2.1.3 Head Nodding ; 4.2.2 Treatment of SNS ; Chapter 5. Differential Diagnosis of Nystagmus In Infancy and Childhood ; 5.1 NYSTAGMUS WITHOUT ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE-<"BENIGN>" ; 5.1.1. Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome ; 5.1.1.1 Association with Strabismus ; 5.1.1.2 Clinical Signs and Symptoms ; 5.1.1.3 Differential Diagnosis ; 5.1.1.4 Reverse-Cover and Gaze-Angle Cover Tests ; 5.1.2 Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus Syndrome ; 5.1.2.1 Association with Strabismus ; 5.1.2.2 Clinical Signs and Symptoms ; 5.1.2.3 Differential Diagnosis ; 5.1.2.4 Alternate-Cover and Gaze-Angle Cover Tests ; 5.1.3 Nystagmus Blockage Syndrome ; 5.1.3.1 Association with Strabismus ; 5.1.3.2 Clinical Signs and Symptoms ; 5.1.3.3 Differential Diagnosis ; 5.1.4 Spasmus Nutans Syndrome ; 5.1.4.1 Association with Strabismus ; 5.1.4.2 Clinical Signs and Symptoms ; 5.1.4.3 Differential Diagnosis ; 5.1.5 Nystagmus and Strabismus ; 5.2 NYSTAGMUS WITH ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE-<"SYMPTOMATIC>" ; 5.2.1 Vestibular Nystagmus ; 5.2.1.1 Peripheral Vestibular Imbalance ; 5.2.1.2 Central Vestibular Imbalance ; 5.2.1.3 Central Vestibular Instability (Periodic Alternating) ; 5.2.2 Gaze-holding Deficiency Nystagmus ; 5.2.2.1 Eccentric Gaze, Gaze-evoked, Rebound ; 5.2.2.2 Gaze Instability (<"Run-away>") ; 5.2.3 <"Vision-Loss>" Nystagmus ; 5.2.3.1 Pre-chiasmal, Optic Chiasm, Post-chiasmal Vision Loss ; 5.2.4 Other Pendular Nystagmus Associated with Diseases of Central Myelin ; 5.2.4.1 Oculopalatal Tremor or <"Myoclonus>" ; 5.2.4.2 Pendular Vergence Nystagmus Associated with Whipple's Disease ; 5.2.5 Convergence/Convergence Evoked Nystagmus ; 5.2.6 Upbeat Nystagmus ; 5.2.7 Downbeat Nystagmus ; 5.2.8 Torsional Nystagmus ; 5.2.9 <"See-Saw>" Nystagmus ; 5.2.10 Lid Nystagmus ; 5.3 SACCADIC INTRUSIONS/OSCILLATIONS ; 5.3.1 Square Wave Jerks And Oscillations ; 5.3.2 Square-Wave Pulses ; 5.3.3 Staircase Saccadic Intrusions ; 5.3.4 Macrosaccadic Oscillations ; 5.3.5 Saccadic Pulses (Single And Double) ; 5.3.6 Convergence Retraction <"Nystagmus>" ; 5.3.7 Dissociated Ocular Oscillations ; 5.3.8 Dysmetric Saccades ; 5.3.9 Ocular Flutter ; 5.3.10 Flutter Dysmetria ; 5.3.11 Opsoclonus ; 5.3.11.1 Opsoclonus-Myoclonus ; 5.3.12 Superior Oblique Myokymia ; 5.3.13 Ocular bobbing ; 5.3.13.1 Typical ; 5.3.13.2 Monocular ; 5.3.13.3 Atypical ; 5.3.14 Psychogenic (Voluntary) Flutter ; Chapter 6. Afferent Visual System - Clinical Examination Procedures ; 6.1 SUBJECTIVE TESTING ; 6.1.1 Teller Acuity Card Procedure ; 6.1.2 Visual Acuity Testing (High Spatial Frequency Vision) ; 6.1.3 Stereo Testing ; 6.1.4 Color-Vision Testing ; 6.1.5 Contrast-Sensitivity Testing ; 6.1.6 Gaze- and Time-Dependent Acuity Testing ; 6.1.7 Visual Field Testing ; 6.2 OBJECTIVE TESTING ; 6.2.1 Visual Evoked Potentials ; 6.2.2 Electroretinography ; 6.2.3 Optical Coherence Tomography ; 6.2.4 Fundus Photography ; Chapter 7. Treatment ; 7.1 MEDICAL ; 7.1.1 Optical ; 7.1.1.1 Version Prisms ; 7.1.1.2 Vergence Prisms ; 7.1.1.3 Contact Lenses ; 7.1.1.4 Correction of Ammetropia/Anisometropia ; 7.1.1.5 Intraocular Lenses ; 7.1.1.6 Refractive Surgery ; 7.1.2 Pharmacological ; 7.1.2.1 Sedatives/Hypnotics ; 7.1.2.2 Neuroleptics ; 7.1.2.3 Psychoactive Medications ; 7.1.2.4 Antiseizure Medications ; 7.1.2.5 Botulinum ; 7.1.2.6 Anticholinesterases ; 7.2 EYE-MUSCLE SURGERY ; 7.2.1 General Principles ; 7.2.2 Classification ; 7.2.3 Preoperative Evaluation ; 7.2.3.1 Visual Acuity ; 7.2.3.2 Ocular Motor and Standard Clinical Evaluations ; 7.2.3.3 Strabismus ; 7.2.3.4 Eye-Movement Recordings ; 7.2.3.5 Head-Posture Measurements (<"Null Zones>") ; 7.2.3.6 Laboratory and Special Tests ; 7.2.4 Results ; 7.2.4.1 Visual Acuity ; 7.2.4.2 Strabismus ; 7.2.4.3 Eye-Movement Recordings ; 7.2.4.4 Head-Posture Measurements ; 7.2.5 Complications ; 7.3 OTHER ; 7.3.1 Biofeedback ; 7.3.2 Acupuncture ; 7.3.3 Cutaneous Stimulation ; 7.3.4 Gene Transfer Therapy ; 7.3.5 Mind-Body Stress Reduction-Mindful Medication Techniques ; 7.3.6 Occupational and Vision Therapy ; 7.3.7 Educational Assistance ; 7.4 ASSESSING THERAPEUTIC OUTCOMES (POST-THERAPY) ; 7.4.1 Direct Outcome Measures (NAFX, LFD, and Lt) ; 7.4.1.1 Post-Tenotomy & Reattachment ; 7.4.1.2 Post-Convergence/Bimedial Rectus Recession ; 7.4.1.3 Post-Four-Muscle Recession & Resection ; or Two-Muscle Recession + Tenotomy & Reattachment ; 7.4.1.4 Soft Contact Lenses ; 7.4.1.5 Systemic Acetazolamide and Topical Brinzolamide ; 7.4.2 Indirect/Clinical Outcome Measures ; 7.4.2.1 Visual Acuity at Different Gaze Angles ; 7.5 ESTIMATING THERAPEUTIC OUTCOMES (POST-THERAPY) ; 7.5.1 Direct Outcome Measures (NAFX, LFD, and Lt) ; 7.5.1.1 Tenotomy & Reattachment (INS without Afferent Visual Deficits) ; 7.5.1.2 Tenotomy & Reattachment (INS with Afferent Visual Deficits) ; 7.5.1.3 Prisms/Bimedial Rectus Recession ; 7.5.1.4 Soft Contact Lenses ; 7.5.2 Indirect/Clinical Outcome Measures ; 7.5.2.1 Visual Acuity at Different Gaze Angles ; Chapter 8. Summary and Conclusions ; Epilogue ; Appendices ; Appendix A. Eye-Movement Recording Systems and Criteria ; A.1 RECORDING METHODS ; A.1.1 Contact Electrooculography ; A.1.2 Infrared Reflection ; A.1.3 Scleral Search Coil ; A.1.4 High-Speed Video Oculography ; A.2 RESEARCH CRITERIA ; A.2.1 NAFX ; A.2.1.1 Methodology ; A.2.1.2 Estimating Visual Function Improvements ; A.3 CLINICAL CRITERIA ; A.3.1 Waveform Types ; A.3.2 Null and Neutral Zones ; A.3.3 PAN and APAN ; A.3.4 Symmetry, Conjugacy, Vergence, and Monocular Evaluation ; A.4 CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES ; A.4.1 Adults and Children ; A.4.1.1 Infantile Nystagmus ; A.4.1.2 Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus ; A.4.2 Infants ; Appendix B. Clinical Examination ; B.1 GENERAL CLINICAL EXAMINATION FORM ; B.2 NYSTAGMUS EXAMINATION FORM ; B.3 STRABISMUS EXAMINATION FORM ; B.4 CLINICAL PEARLS ; B.5 OPHTHALMOLOGICAL MYTHS AND FACTS ; Appendix C. Illustrative Cases and Treatment ; C.1 INFANTILE NYSTAGMUS SYNDROME ; C.1.1 Gaze-Angle Null Only ; C.1.1.1 Version Prisms ; C.1.1.2 Soft Contact Lenses ; C.1.1.3 Four-Muscle Resection, Recession, and Tenotomy & Reattachment ; C.1.1.3.1. Fine Tuning with Prisms ; C.1.1.3.2. Soft Contact Lenses ; C.1.2 Convergence Null Only ; C.1.2.1 Vergence Prisms with Negative Spheres ; C.1.2.2 Soft Contact Lenses ; C.1.2.3 Bimedial Recession ; C.1.3 Both Gaze-Angle and Convergence Nulls ; C.1.3.1 Convergence > Gaze-Angle ; C.1.3.1.1 Composite Prisms and Negative Spheres ; C.1.3.1.2 Base-out Prisms and Negative Spheres ; C.1.3.1.3 Soft Contact Lenses ; C.1.3.1.4 Bimedial Recession ; C.1.3.2 Gaze-Angle > Convergence ; C.1.3.2.1 Version Prisms ; C.1.3.2.2 Soft Contact Lenses ; C.1.3.2.3 Four-Muscle Resection, Recession and ; Tenotomy & Reattachment ; C.1.4 No Nulls ; C.1.4.1 Soft Contact Lenses ; C.1.4.2 Four-Muscle Tenotomy & Reattachment ; C.1.4.2.1 Tenotomy & Reattachment with Augmented ; Tendon Suture ; C.1.4.2.2 Augmented Tendon Suture Procedure sans ; Tenotomy & Reattachment ; C.1.4.3 Faden ; C.2 INFANTILE NYSTAGMUS PLUS STRABISMUS ; C.2.1 Gaze-Angle Null Only ; C.2.1.1 Four-Muscle Resection, Recession and Tenotomy & Reattachment ; C.2.2 Vertical and Torsional Nulls ; C.2.3 No Nulls ; C.2.3.1 Four-Muscle Tenotomy & Reattachment and Strabismus ; C.3 FUSION MALDEVELOPMENT NYSTAGMUS SYNDROME ; C.3.1 Uniocular Fixation ; C.3.2 Alternating Fixation ; C.3.3 Alexander's Law Threshold ; C.4 NYSTAGMUS BLOCKAGE SYNDROME ; C.4.1 Bimedial Recession (plus Tenotomy & Reattachment) ; C.4.2 Recession and Resection plus Tenotomy & Reattachment ; C.4.3 Four-Muscle Tenotomy & Reattachment ; Appendix D. Diagnosis and Treatment Flow Charts ; D.1 WAVEFORM-BASED DIAGNOSES ; D.2 THERAPEUTICALLY EXPLOITABLE WAVEFORM CHARACTERISTICS ; D.3 CLINICALLY BASED DIAGNOSES AND LIMITATIONS ; D.4 THERAPEUTICALLY EXPLOITABLE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS ; D.5 ANALYSIS GRAPHS ; Appendix E. Included Compact Disk and On-Line Access Videos ; E.1 <"EYEBALLS 3D>" EYE-MOTION AND WAVEFORM VIDEOS ; MV1 INS (PPfs) 1 cycle 1/20-speed illustrating foveation period ; MV2 INS (Jef) 4 cycles 1/3-speed with phase plane ; MV3 INS (PPfs) 3 cycles 1/2-speed illustrating well-developed foveation ; MV4 INS (PPfs) 3 cycles 1/5-speed with phase plane ; MV5 INS (PPfs) 1/2-speed 3-dimensional motion with subclinical SSN ; MV6 INS 1/5-speed Subclinical SSN motion amplified ; MV7 INS PPfs 1/2-speed from OMS model and patient ; MV8 INS (Pfs) step responses OMS model ; MV9 INS (PPfs) 1/2-speed pulse responses OMS model ; MV10 INS (PPfs) 1/2-speed OMS model ramp and step-ramp responses ; MV11 FMNS gaze-angle effect OMS model ; MV12 FMNS 1/2-speed alternate cover test OMS model ; MV13 FMNS adducting eye fixation OMS model ; MV14 INS damping with rapid convergence ; MV15 INS 1/2-speed pre-T&R ; MV16 INS 1/2-speed post-T&R ; MV17 INS 1/2-speed RPE65-deficient canine pre-gene therapy MV18 INS 1/2-speed RPE65-deficient canine pre-gene therapy scan path ; MV19 INS 1/2-speed RPE65-deficient canine post-gene therapy MV20 INS 1/2-speed RPE65-deficient canine post-gene therapy scan path ; MV21 Oscillopsia simulation ; MV22 Uniocular APN pre- and post-therapy ; MV23 INS (alternating J) OMS model ; E.1.1 PowerPoint Files ; E.1.1 E1_INS Dynamic VA ; E.1.2 E1_INS Latency Poster ; E.1.3 E1_ INS Latency ; E.1.4 E1_ INS Model Poster ; E.2 CANINE VIDEOS (PLUS OTHERS) ; CV1 Normal Brittany ; CV2 Achiasmatic Belgian Sheepdog: pre-T&R ; CV3 Achiasmatic Belgian Sheepdog: post-T&R ; CV4 RPE65-deficient canine: pre-gene therapy behavior ; CV5 RPE65-deficient canine: post-gene therapy behavior ; CV6 RPE65-deficient canine: pre-gene therapy eye movements ; CV7 RPE65-deficient canine: post-gene therapy eye movements ; CV8 Cat with INS ; CV9 Goat with SSN ; E.3 PATIENT VIDEOS ; PV1 Saccadic Initiation Failure ; PV2 Brainstem Tumor: Tonic Gaze Deviation ; PV3 Acquired Downbeat Nystagmus ; PV4 Acquired Gaze-Evoked (Gaze-Holding Failure) Nystagmus ; PV5 Acquired Unidirectional Gaze-Evoked (Gaze-Holding Failure) Nystagmus ; PV6 Ocular Motor Neuromyotonia of Cranial Nerve III ; PV7 Ocular Motor Neuromyotonia of Cranial Nerve VI ; PV8 Infant with Opsoclonus (Ocular Flutter - <"Saccadomania>") ; PV9 Acquired Saccadic Oscillations-1 ; PV10 Acquired Saccadic Oscillations-2 ; PV11Acquired Saccadic Oscillations-3 ; PV12 Acquired Nystagmus + Saccadic Oscillations ; PV13 Acquired Upbeat Nystagmus with Wiernecke's Encephalopathy ; PV14 Acquired Vertical Pendular Nystagmus ; PV15 Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus-1 ; PV16 Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus-2 ; PV17 Down Syndrome and Infantile Nystagmus ; PV18 Achiasma + See-Saw Nystagmus + Infantile Nystagmus ; PV19 Octogenarian with Infantile Nystagmus ; PV20 Infantile Nystagmus: Aperiodically Changing Intensity (Not Direction) ; PV21 Infantile Nystagmus: Aperiodically Changing Direction (Not Intensity) ; PV22 Infantile Nystagmus: Unequal-1 ; PV23 Infantile Nystagmus: Unequal-2 ; PV24 Infantile Nystagmus: Unequal-3 ; PV25 Infantile Nystagmus: Jerk with Extended Foveation ; PV26 Infantile + NOT Nystagmus: Dual Jerk ; PV27 Infantile Nystagmus: Pre- and Post-Operative ; PV28 Optic Nerve Dysplasia and Infantile Nystagmus: Multiplanar ; PV29 Infantile Nystagmus: Jerk with Extended Foveation ; PV30 Infantile Nystagmus: Unequal with a <"latent component>" ; PV31 Albinism and Infantile Nystagmus ; PV32 Optic Nerve Dysplasia and Infantile Nystagmus: Multiplanar ; PV33 Albinism, Up-gaze Null, and Infantile Nystagmus: Equal ; PV34 Retinal Dystrophy and Infantile Nystagmus: Multiplanar ; PV35 Albinism and Infantile Nystagmus: Pre- and Post-Operative Horizontal Null ; PV36 Albinism and Infantile Nystagmus: Multiplanar ; PV37 Infantile Nystagmus: Periodic Alternating ; PV38 Infantile Nystagmus: Asymmetric Aperiodic Alternating ; PV39 Albinism and Infantile Nystagmus: Pre- and Post-Operative Vertical Null ; PV40 Albinism, Up-gaze Null, and Infantile Nystagmus ; PV41 Albinism and Infantile Nystagmus ; PV42 <"Vertical>" Infantile Nystagmus-1 ; PV43 Retinal Dystrophy and <"Vertical>" Infantile Nystagmus-2 ; PV44 Spasmus Nutans Nystagmus-1 ; PV45 Spasmus Nutans Nystagmus-2 ; PV46 Voluntary Ocular Flutter ; Appendix F. Included Compact Disk and On-Line Access ; F.1 OMLAB REPORTS ; F.1.1 #011105 Recording and Calibrating the Eye Movements of Nystagmus Subjects ; F.1.2 #111005 Using the NAFX for Eye-Movement Fixation Data Analysis and Display ; F.1.3 #111905 Nystagmus Therapies: Types, Sites, and Measures ; F.1.4 #090506 Original Ocular Motor Analysis of the First Human with Achiasma: ; Documentation of Work Done in 1994 ; F.1.5 #123007 The Benefits of Extraocular Muscle Surgery in INS ; F.1.6 #030509 How Someone <"Sees>" the World and How to Clinically Assess ; Therapeutic Improvements in Visual Function ; F.2 PATIENT HANDOUTS ; F.2.1 INS Information ; F.2.2 INS Treatments ; F.2.3 Tenotomy and Reattachment ; F.2.4 INS and Acuity ; F.2.5 INS Miscellaneous ; F.3 PHYSICIAN/RESEARCH SCIENTIST WORKSHEETS ; F.3.1 Recession and Resection Surgical Calculation ; F.3.2 Estimating Improvement in Peak NAFX ; F.3.3 Estimating Improvement in LFD ; F.3.4 NAFX vs. Visual Acuity (Motor and Sensory Components) ; F.4 CLINICAL EXAMINATION FORMS ; F.4.1 General Clinical Examination Form ; F.4.2 Nystagmus Examination Form ; F.4.3 Strabismus Examination Form ; F.5 ANALYSIS SOFTWARE ; F.5.1 OMtools ; F.5.2 OMS Model GUI User Guide

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Book SynopsisWe''re all familiar with the idea that plant-derived chemicals can have an impact on the functioning of the human brain. Most of us reach for a cup of coffee or tea in the morning, many of us occasionally eat some chocolate, some smoke a cigarette or take an herbal supplement, and some people use illicit drugs. We know a great deal about the mechanisms by which the psychoactive components of these various products have their effects on human brain function, but the question of why they have these effects has been almost totally ignored. This book sets out to describe not only how, in terms of pharmacology or psychopharmacology, but more importantly why plant- and fungus-derived chemicals have their effects on the human brain. The answer to this last question resides, in part, with the terrestrial world''s two dominant life forms, the plants and the insects, and the many ecological roles the ''secondary metabolite'' plant chemicals are trying to play; for instance, defending the plant against insect herbivores whilst attracting insect pollinators. The answer also resides in the intersecting genetic heritage of mammals, plants, and insects and the surprising biological similarities between the three taxa. In particular it revolves around the close correspondence between the brains of insects and humans, and the intercellular signaling pathways shared by plants and humans. Plants and the Human Brain describes and discusses both how and why phytochemicals affect brain function with respect to the three main groups of secondary metabolites: the alkaloids, which provide us with caffeine, a host of poisons, a handful of hallucinogens, and most drugs of abuse (e.g. morphine, cocaine, DMT, LSD, and nicotine); the phenolics, including polyphenols, which constitute a significant and beneficial part of our natural diet; and the terpenes, a group of multifunctional compounds which provide us with the active components of cannabis and a multitude of herbal extracts such as ginseng, ginkgo and valerian.Trade ReviewThis is an impressive book. ... I recommend reading it -- the writing is clear, lucid, and engaging. If you don't believe me, just read the first two paragraphs -- you will be hooked! * Dale Walters, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh *This book is a scholarly masterpiece of David O. Kennedy. If you want to understand the pharmacological mode of action of the psychoactive natural products and their role in human history, Plants and the Human Brain, is fascinating read. * Michael Wink, Heidelberg University, Germany *For plant biology collections, this book is a jewel. Highly recommended. * Sam Blu, Choice *I enjoyed reading this book and learnt much from it. It deserves to be read widely as there must be few people who have the breadth of knowledge themselves which is found in it and for such it will enhance their application of this fascinating topic. * Peter Houghton, Journal of Ethnopharmacology *The book is extremely well referenced; therefore, not only is the text a treasure of amazing scientific discourses, but it is also an excellent factual resource that enables the reader to go beyond the book's scope. The exciting debate about the link between plants and humans continutes, and Kennedy has provided a fascinating new synthesis and exciting new insights based on a critical assesment of biochemical, pharmacological, and phytochemical evidence. * BioScience *[A] landmark contribution to psychopharmacology and human health ... Students, teachers, and researchers of herbal medicine, biochemistry and phytochemistry, nutrition, psychopharmacology, ecology, and entomology should all avail themselves of the opportunity and pleasure to read this beautifully written book. * HerbalGram: The Journal of the American Botanical Council *Table of ContentsChapter 1: From shamans to starbucks ; Chapter 2: Secondary metabolites and the life of plants ; Chapter 3: More alike than we are unalike - Why do plant chemicals affect the human brain? ; Chapter 4: Alkaloids and the lives of plants and humans ; Chapter 5: The Rewarding Or Addictive Drugs ; Chapter 6: The Hallucinogens ; Chapter 7: The Deliriants - The nightshade (Solanaceae) family ; Chapter 8: Phenolics and the Lives of Plants and Animals ; Chapter 9: Phenolics and the human brain ; Chapter 10: Terpenes and the Lives of Plants and Animals ; Chapter 11: The Lamiaceae sub-tribe Salviinae - the Salvia, Rosmarinus and Melissa genera ; Chapter 12: Cannabis and the cannabinoids ; Chapter 13: Some Miscellaneous Terpenes ; Chapter 14: In conclusion, comparing and contrasting the alkaloids, phenolics and terpenes

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Book SynopsisA lavishly illustrated and accessibly explained deep dive into the major new findings from cognitive neuroscience.Who are we? To this age-old question, contemporary neuroscience gives a simple answer: we are exquisite neuronal machines. Each of our dreams, thoughts, and feelings arises from a pattern of activity in our brain. In Stanislas Dehaene’s Seeing the Mind, we learn not only that the mind maps onto the brain, but that it is just a complex electrical motif on the tapestry of our neurons. In this richly illustrated and highly accessible book, Dehaene uses the power of brain images to tell the story of centuries-old efforts to understand who we are, and how it is possible that our thoughts emerge from just three pounds of flesh. Seeing the Mind is divided into one hundred topics, each described by a spectacular full-page color image and, on the facing page, a brief text that explains what this image means and why it matters. By wea

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