Molecular biology Books

Book SynopsisViruses are the most numerous and deadliest biological entities on the planet, infecting all types of living organismsâfrom bacteria to human beings. The constantly expanding repertoire of experimental approaches available to study viruses includes both low-throughput techniques, such as imaging and 3D structure determination, and modern OMICS technologies, such as genome sequencing, ribosomal profiling, and RNA structure probing. Bioinformatics of viruses faces significant challenges due to their seemingly unlimited diversity, unusual lifestyle, great variety of replication strategies, compact genome organization, and rapid rate of evolution. At the same time, it also has the potential to deliver decisive clues for developing vaccines and medications against dangerous viral outbreaks, such as the recent coronavirus pandemics. Virus Bioinformatics reviews state-of-the-art bioinformatics algorithms and recent advances in data analysis in virology. FEATURES Contributions from leading international experts in the field Discusses open questions and urgent needs Covers a broad spectrum of topics, including evolution, structure, and function of viruses, including coronaviruses The book will be of great interest to computational biologists wishing to venture into the rapidly advancing field of virus bioinformatics as well as to virologists interested in acquiring basic bioinformatics skills to support their wet lab work.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a fundamental understanding of the importance of the microbiome in the life of virtually all multicellular organisms. It explains why microbes are an integral part of living organisms and describes the diverse roles they perform for their hosts. Although the significance of modified bacteria such as the mitochondrion and chloroplast is deeply rooted in the evolution of all complex organisms, it is only recently that the contribution of microbial partners within and on their hosts is becoming fully evident. These communities of microbes are as essential to organisms as are the visible organs. Microbiomes are indeed invisible organs. They participate in the digestive process, assist in communication networks, supply essential nutrients, guard against foreign intrusion, promote development and contribute to well-being. This unique approach, where the dependence of the hosts on their microbiomes is explained, will be a must-read for undergraduate and graduate studentsTable of ContentsChapter 1: The Genesis of Life – How it All StartedChapter 2: Algae and Their MicrobiomesChapter 3: Fungal Microbiome and Mycobiome Within Other OrganismsChapter 4: Microbiomes of Sedentary Aquatic OrganismsChapter 5: Insect Microbiome: Microbes Insects Depend OnChapter 6: Fish Microbiome: Functional PerspectivesChapter 7: Microbial Constituents of Birds: Genesis, Functions and AdaptationsChapter 8: Mammalian Microbiomes: The Roles They PerformChapter 9: Plants and Their Microbial Communities

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Book SynopsisInstant Notes in Molecular Biology, Fourth Edition is the perfect text for undergraduates looking for a concise introduction to the subject, or a study guide to use before examinations. Each topic begins with a summary of essential factsâ'an ideal revision checklistâ'followed by a description of the subject that focuses on core information, with clear, simple diagrams that are easy for students to understand and recall in essays and exams.Table of ContentsA. Information Processing and MacromoleculesB. Properties of Nucleic AcidsC. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosome StructureD. DNA ReplicationE. DNA Damage, Repair and RecombinationF. Transcription in ProkaryotesG. Regulation of Transcription in ProkaryotesH. Transcription in EukaryotesI. Regulation of Transcription in EukaryotesJ. RNA Processing and RNPsK. The Genetic Code and tRNAL. Protein SynthesisM. Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic VirusesN. Cell Cycle and CancerO. Gene ManipulationP. Cloning VectorsQ. Gene Libraries and ScreeningR. Analysis and uses of Cloned DNAS. Functional Genomics and the new Technologies

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Book SynopsisCellular Signal Processing offers a unifying view of cell signaling based on the concept that protein interactions act as sophisticated data processing networks that govern intracellular and extracellular communication. It is intended for use in signal transduction courses for undergraduate and graduate students working in biology, biochemistry, bioinformatics, and pharmacology, as well as medical students. The text is organized by three key topics central to signal transduction: the protein network, its energy supply, and its evolution. It covers all important aspects of cell signaling, ranging from prokaryotic signal transduction to neuronal signaling, and also highlights the clinical aspects of cell signaling in health and disease. This new edition includes expanded coverage of prokaryotes, as well as content on new developments in systems biology, epigenetics, redox signaling, and small, non-coding RNA signaling.Table of Contents1. The "Brain of the Cell": Data Processing by Protein Networks 2. Supplying the Network with Energy: Basic Biochemistry of Signal Transduction 3. Evolution of Cellular Data Processing 4. Basic Equipment: G-Proteins, Second Messengers, and Protein Kinases 5. Signal Transduction by Receptors with Seven Transmembrane Domains 6. Signal Transduction by Serine/Threonine Kinase-Coupled Receptors 7. Signal Transduction by Tyrosine Kinase- and Protein Phosphatase Coupled Receptors 8. Eukaryotic Gene Transcription: The Ultimate Target of Signal Transduction 9. Signals Controlling mRNA Translation 10. Signal Transduction by Small G-Proteins: The Art of Molecular Targeting 11. Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor κB Modules 12. Regulation of Cell Division 13. Signal Transduction by Proteolysis, and Programmed Cell Death 14. Signal Transduction by Ions 15. Sensory Signal Processing 16. Signaling at Synapses: Neurotransmitters and their Receptors 17. Putting Together the Pieces: The Approach of Systems Biology

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Book SynopsisAs modern day society takes an increasing interest in outdoor activities, its exposure to sunlight has never been greater. As a consequence, countries throughout the world are experiencing a dramatic increase in the incidences of skin carcinomas and melanomas. From DNA photolesions to mutations, skin cancer and cell death provides an authoritative source of information for photobiologists interested in the series of genetic events that occur in the skin, and eventually lead to cancer. With contributions from eminent scientists in the field, this book includes the latest information on DNA photolesions and repair, as well as the key mechanisms of solar UV in skin cancer initiation and development. Significant information relating to UV-induced photolesions and mechanisms of skin tumour occurrence is also included. By providing the basic phenomena underlying the science and an overview of the biological events that take place when cells are exposed to solar UV radiation, From DNA photoleTable of ContentsChapter 1: UVB and UVA Induced Formation of Photoproducts within Cellular DNA; Chapter 2: Chemical Sequencing Profiles of Photosensitized DNA Damage; Chapter 3: DNA damage induced by UVA radiation: role in solar mutagenesis; Chapter 4: Mutations induced by UV and sunlight; Chapter 5: Mechanisms and Mutagenic Consequences of Photoproduct Bypass by Replicative and DNA Damage Bypass Polymerases; Chapter 6: The Ogg1 Protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Properties and Biological Functions; Chapter 7: The role of a yeast homologue of the human phosphatase activator hPTPA in the cellular response to oxidative DNA damage; Chapter 8: DNA repair in RNA polymerase I transcribed genes; Chapter 9: Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair: Key Players and Their Functions; Chapter 10: Efficient Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage in Terminally Differentiated Human Keratinocytes; Chapter 11: Reactivation of UV-damaged viruses and reporter genes in mammalian cells; Chapter 12: Transcription of p53-regulated genes under transcriptional stress: implications for nucleotide excision repair; Chapter 13: What a difference a wavelength makes: The role of p53 in nucleotide excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage; Chapter 14: p53 and p33ING1: Role in Nucleotide Excision Repair of UV-Damaged DNA; Chapter 15: Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Signals Leading to UV-induced Apoptosis; Chapter 16: Opposing roles of UV-induced apoptosis in early skin cancer; Chapter 17: Acquired activation of signalling pathways in skin tumours from DNA repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum patients; Chapter 18: Chaos Theory and Self-Organized Criticality Describe the DNA Damage Signal transduction Network;

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Book SynopsisOver the last decade there has been a rapid development of molecular techniques, with an increasing range of instrumentation now available. The development of accompanying reference literature has not kept pace with technological advances and this poses significant challenges to the analyst. Essentials of Nucleic Acid Analysis sets out to guide the analyst through the steps needed to obtain good quality results in DNA analysis. The underlying principles for achieving this goal were formulated by LGC (formerly the Laboratory of the Government Chemist) as the six principles for ensuring valid analytical measurement, which are detailed in the introduction. The reader is also provided with guidelines for method validation and quality control of established and emerging DNA measurement techniques. The authors of each chapter are practitioners of the art of DNA analysis in areas where the quality of the result is critical. Technical details and examples of application of key techniques in nuTrade Review"...it is a book that is recommended reading for anyone involved in the analysis of nucleic acids, particularly those using PCR-based techniques." * Annals of Botany, doi: 10.1093/aob/mcp135 *Table of ContentsChapter 1: Valid Analytical Molecular Biology: The Challenge; Chapter 2: Quality in the Analytical Molecular Biology Laboratory; Chapter 3: An Introduction to Method Validation; Chapter 4: DNA Extraction; Chapter 5: DNA Quantification; Chapter 6: PCR: Factors Affecting Reliability and Validity; Chapter 7: Quantitative Real-time PCR Analysis; Chapter 8: Multiplex PCR and Whole Genome Amplification; Chapter 9: Procedures for Quality Control of RNA Samples for Use in Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR; Chapter 10: Microarrays

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Book SynopsisLiving systems are complex systems made of components that tend to degrade, but nonetheless they maintain themselves far from equilibrium. This requires living systems to extract energy and materials from the environment and use them to build and repair their parts by regulating their activities based on their internal and external conditions in ways that allow them to keep living. The philosophical and theoretical approach discussed in this Element aims to explain these features of biological systems by appealing to their organization. It addresses classical and more recent issues in philosophy of biology, fromorigins and definitions of life to biological teleology and functions, from an original perspective mainly focused on the living system, its physiology and behavior, rather than evolution. It discusses and revises the conceptual foundations of this approach and presents an updated version of it. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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Book SynopsisMammalian heme peroxidase enzymes play a critical role in innate immune responses and disease prevention. The formation of potent chemical oxidants is essential to this protective physiologic activity in immunity. Although highly beneficial in the context of immune defense, it is now well established that peroxidases and their overproduction of oxidants contribute to the initiation and persistence of many chronic inflammatory conditions in the cardiovascular, neurologic, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal systems. Peroxidasins, a protein family related to heme peroxidases, play a novel role in tissue biogenesis and matrix assembly, which are also attracting attention in different pathological contexts. Given the diverse roles of mammalian heme peroxidases and the breadth and incidence of pathologies associated with these enzymes, there has been significant interest in modulating peroxidase activity as a therapeutic strategy. This book highlights recent developments in our undeTable of ContentsSECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO MAMMALIAN HEME PEROXIDASES Structure, function, phylogeny of heme peroxidases Biosynthesis of MPO and other heme peroxidases Peroxidasin structure and function SECTION 2: REACTIVITY OF PEROXIDASE OXIDANTS Reactivity of peroxidase oxidants with proteins and proteoglycans Reactivity of peroxidase with nucleic acids, RNA and DNA Reactivity of peroxidase oxidants with lipids – modification and signaling Role of MPO in the modification of lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) Regulation of cellular signaling and survival by peroxidase oxidants Global profiling of cell responses to peroxidase oxidants SECTION 3: PEROXIDASES IN INNATE IMMUNITY MPO and immune cell recruitment and activation Role of MPO in extracellular trap release by neutrophils Imaging HOCl production by neutrophils How microbes combat reactive chlorine species Priming the innate immune system to combat respiratory disease SECTION 4: PEROXIDASES IN PATHOLOGY Imaging the reactivity of MPO in vivo Role of MPO in vascular dysfunction and signaling MPO in ischemic heart disease Role of MPO in neurodegenerative disease Role of MPO in kidney disease Role of peroxidases in respiratory disease Role of peroxidasins in disease SECTION 5: PREVENTION OF MPO INDUCED DAMAGE Design and functionality of MPO inhibitors Modulation of disease using MPO inhibitors Novel peroxidase inhibitory protein “SPIN” with broad target specificity Selenium and resistance to oxidative enzyme inactivation

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Book SynopsisCOVID-19 and Omics Technologies is a comprehensive, integrative assessment of recent information and knowledge collected on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 during the pandemic based on omics technologies. It demonstrates how omics technologies could better investigate the infectious disease and propose solutions to the current concerns.The value of multi-omics technologies in understanding disease etiology and host response, discovering infection biomarkers and illness prediction, identifying vaccine candidates, discovering therapeutic targets, and tracing pathogen evolution is discussed in this book. These factors combine to make it a valuable resource to enhance understanding of both Omics technology and COVID-19 as a disease. The book covers the most recent understanding of COVID-19 and the applications of cutting-edge studies, making it accessible to a large multidisciplinary readership.The book explains how high-throughput technologies and systems biology might assist to Table of ContentsClinical and Epidemiological Context Of COVID-19. NGS technologies for detection of SARS-CoV-2 strains and mutations. Mass-spectrometry techniques for detection of COVID-19 viral and host proteins using naso-oropharyngeal swab and plasma. Targeted proteomic approaches in context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Metabolomics: Role in pathobiology and therapeutics of COVID-19. Protein microarrays for COVID-19 research: biomarker discovery, humoral response & vaccine targets. COVID-19 pathogenesis and host immune response. Putative role of multi-omics technologies in the investigation of the persistent effects of COVID-19 on vital human organs. Insights on interactomics driven drug repurposing to combat COVID-19. Spectroscopy methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Role of AI and ML in empowering and solving problems linked to COVID-19 pandemic.

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Book SynopsisThis book entitled Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Bamboos provides a comprehensive overview on the economically and ecologically important non-timber plant group bamboo. The book focuses on the most recent advances in bamboo research in diverse fields including botany, genetic resources, traditional and molecular breeding, disease and pest resistance, tissue culture and genetic transformation and genomics perspective. The different chapters are authored by internationally reputed experts on this plant and is a good source of information for students, scientists, farmers, and bamboo resource management advisers on this plant, which is gaining increase importance on international commerce.

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Book SynopsisThere are around 1.5 million fungal species worldwide. Out of these around 14,000 species produce fruiting bodies known as mushrooms, and around 2000 species are edible, and only 270 are reported to be medicinal. The fungal kingdom is phylogenetically closer to humans than plants, so gives better health benefits to human systems.This book educates readers on the nutritional, pharmaceutical and medicinal values of different mushrooms and their utilization as nutraceuticals and functional foods for human security. It reviews the current knowledge on the distribution of edible mushrooms, its general characteristics, morphology, nutritional profile and properties, pharmacological importance, and biological activities. Health benefits of mushrooms, antioxidant and secondary metabolite profiling, major biological activities of mushroom-derived secondary metabolites, functional foods based on the mushrooms open doors for therapies, products with added value, toxicology, and side effects if any are also highlighted.The book is intended for a large and varied audience â researchers, scientists, and scholars in academia, mushroom growers and industries, nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, clinicians, doctors, drug industries, pharmacy, biotechnologists, biochemists, botanists, mycologists, and general masses.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book explores both the fundamental and practical aspects of microbial genetics, shedding light on viroids, viruses, phytoplasma, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Unveiling a fresh perspective, the book tackles traditional taxonomical debates by embracing DNA-based taxonomy, offering a novel approach to understanding phylogeny within this microbe realm. Furthermore, it delves into the exciting realm of metagenomics, revolutionizing the identification and classification of unculturable microorganisms. Written by leading experts, this essential reading material caters to students and researchers in Microbiology, Genetics, and Biotechnology.

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Book SynopsisForensic DNA Applications: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Second Edition is fully updated to outline the latest advances in forensic DNA testing techniques and applications. It continues to fill the need for a reference book for people working in the field of forensic molecular biology testing and research as well as individuals investigating and adjudicating cases involving DNA evidence, whether they be civil or criminal cases. DNA techniques have greatly impacted obvious traditional forensic areas, but such advances have also positively affected myriad new areas of research and inquiry. It is possible today to think about solving forensic problems that were simply unheard of even a few years ago. As such, the book pulls all relevant research and applied science together into a detailed and comprehensive collection.Part I begins with the history and development of DNA typing and profiling for criminal and civil purposes. It discusses the statistical interpTrade Review"The most comprehensive volume on forensic and ancestral DNA analysis yet published… a valuable reference volume for practitioners and a potential textbook for upper-division and graduate courses in forensic biology." – From the Foreword by R.E. Gaensslen, Professor Emeritus, Forensic Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.Table of ContentsPart I: General Background and Methodological Concepts 1. Basic Genetics and Human Genetic Variation 2. Forensic DNA Analysis and Statistics 3. Forensic Aspects of mtDNA Analysis 4. Y-Chromosome in Forensic Science 5. Forensic Application of X-Chromosome STRs 6. Increasing the Efficiency of Typing Challenged Forensic Biological Samples 7. Mixtures and Probabilistic Genotyping 8. Rapid DNA Part II - Uses and Applications 9. Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence 10. Mass Disaster Victim Identification by DNA 11. Bioterrorism and Microbial Forensics 12. Forensic Animal DNA Analysis 13. Application of DNA-Based Methods in Forensic Entomology 14. Forensic Botany: Plants as Evidence in Criminal Cases and as Agents of Bioterrorism Part III – Recent Developments and Future Directions in Human Forensic Molecular Biology 15. Forensic Body Fluid and Tissue Identification 16. Evolving Technologies in Forensic DNA Analysis 17. Prediction of Physical Characteristics, Such as Eye, Hair, and Skin Color Based Solely on DNA 18. Molecular Autopsy 19. Genetic Genealogy in the Genomic Era Part IV: Law, Ethics, and Policy 20. DNA as Evidence in the Courtroom 21. Some Ethical Issues on Forensic Genetics 22. DNA in Immigration and Human Trafficking 23. DNA Databases

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface…Table of Contents…Contributing Authors…1. Real-Time Microfluidic PCRs: A High-Throughput Method to Detect 48 or 96 Tick-Borne Pathogens in 48 or 96 SamplesSara Moutailler and Clemence Galon2. Direct Detection of Borrelia Species in TissuesShiva Kumar Goud Gadila and Monica E. Embers3. Purification of Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Membrane VesiclesHanna Tammisto and Kati Karvonen4. Constructing an ELISA for Detection of Anti-Borrelia in Wildlife and Agricultural AnimalsJulia Bland, Caitlin McGowan, Emma Bush, and Vett Lloyd5. A Step-by-Step Guide to Selecting an Optimal Cut-Off Value Based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic and Youden Index in Methods Designed to Diagnose Lyme DiseaseKunal Garg and Sara Campolonghi6. Adaptive Immune Response Investigation in Lyme borreliosisMihail Pruteanu, Armin Schwarzbach, and Markus Berger7. CYTOSPOT: Intracellular Staining and Detection of Cytokines by Flow Cytometer, An Alternative to LYMESPOTLuis Calderilla-Barbosa and Jose Luis Flores-Sevilla8. Use of Specific Borrelia Phages as a New Strategy for Improved Diagnostic TestsJinyu Shan, Ying Jia, and Tatjana Mijatovic9. Identification of Unambiguous Borrelia Peptides in Human Urine Using Affinity Capture and Mass SpectrometryRocio Cornero, Sumaiya Safia Irfan, Silvia Cachaco, Weidong Zhou, Ahana Byne, Marissa Howard, Hope McIntyre, Barbara Birkaya, Lance Liotta, and Alessandra Luchini10. Preparation of Borrelia Infected Mammalian Cells for Helium Ion MicroscopyKati Karvonen11. Establishing a Zebrafish Model for Borrelia Burgdorferi Infection Using Immersion and Microinjection MethodsErica Misner, Min Zhang, and Eva Sapi12. Development of Organoids to Study Infectious Host InteractionsAparajita Lahree and Leona Gilbert13. Content Analysis: An Approach to Exploring the Depiction of Tick-Borne DiseasesStephen M. Croucher14. Applying BERT and ChatGPT for Sentiment Analysis of Lyme Disease in Scientific LiteratureTeo Susnjak15. Building a Binary Classification Machine Learning Model: A Guide to Predicting Participation in a Lyme Disease Program at a Medical InstituteKunal Garg, Liria Mitzuko Fajardo-Yamamoto, Flor Cecilia Rojas-Castro, Teo Susnjak, and Leona Gilbert16. Clinical Algorithm and Diagnostic Tools for Lyme DiseaseGisell García-Bretón, Flor C. Rojas-Castro, Astrid N. Espino-Vázquez, and Liria M. Fajardo-Yamamoto17. Establishing a Pregnancy Lyme Disease BiobankStanley J. Naides18. Developing a Prospective Gestational Lyme Disease StudyGraham McLennan, Suzanne E. Dale, Laura Gillim, Vivian Weinblatt, Robert Wallerstein, and Stanley J. NaidesSubject Index List…

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Book SynopsisA flood of data means that many of the challenges in biology are now challenges in computing. Bioinformatics, the application of computational techniques to analyse the information associated with biomolecules on a large-scale, has now firmly established itself as a discipline in molecular biology, and encompasses a wide range of subject areas from structural biology, genomics to gene expression studies. In this text we provide an introduction and overview of the current state of the field. We discuss the main principles that underpin bioinformatics analyses, look at the types of biological information and databases that are commonly used, and finally examine some of the studies that are being conducted, particularly with reference to transcription regulatory systems. The aims of bioinformatics are threefold. First, at its simplest bioinformatics organises data in a way that allows researchers to access existing information and to submit new entries as they are produced, e.g. the Protein Data Bank for 3D macromolecular structures . While data-curation is an essential task, the information stored in these databases is essentially useless until analysed. Thus the purpose of bioinformatics extends much further. The second aim is to develop tools and resources that aid in the analysis of data. For example, having sequenced a particular protein, it is of interest to compare it with previously characterised sequences. This needs more than just a simple text-based search and programs such as FASTA and PSI-BLAST must consider what comprises a biologically significant match. Development of such resources dictates expertise in computational theory as well as a thorough understanding of biology. The third aim is to use these tools to analyse the data and interpret the results in a biologically meaningful manner. Traditionally, biological studies examined individual systems in detail, and frequently compared them with a few that are related. In bioinformatics, we can now conduct global analyses of all the available data with the aim of uncovering common principles that apply across many systems and highlight novel feature.

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a comprehensive description of the basic tenets of molecular biology, from mechanisms to its elaborate role in gene regulation. The initial sections cover the history of genetics and molecular biology. The book then goes on to highlight the significance of molecular approaches for all biological processes in both simple and complex cells.The volume incorporates the most recent research from this ever-evolving field. The authors have described experimental approaches wherever necessary to present evidence that has led to the development of important concepts and significant advances in molecular biology.Table of ContentsCell. Genes and Genetic Code. Molecular Biology of Microorganisms. Plant Molecular Biology. Genetic Manipulation by Recombinant DNA Technology. Molecular Diagnostics.

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Book SynopsisFor human health, leishmaniasis is among the most important protozoan diseases, superseded only by malaria. Globally, 10 to 12 million people are infected with 1.5 million new cases every year. The development of cheaper new drugs is urgently needed for this neglected disease that is developing resistance to current treatments. Chemotherapy remains the only treatment option for the bulk of patients. However, this is largely unaffordable for most. In the past three years numerous advances in drug discovery have been made for treating this disease by exploiting diverging metabolic pathways between the Leishmania enzymes and their hosts, using nanotechnology to target the immune cell phagolysosomes where Leishmania resides. Drug Discovery for Leishmaniasis aims to provide a perspective of the current treatments and their challenges, blended with the emerging strategies and methodologies that will drive new target appraisals and drug developments, as well as addressing the molecular basis of resistance in Leishmania. Recent studies have shown that leishmaniasis affects some of the poorest people in the world, with 95% of fatal cases occurring in only 6 countries. With the WHO goal of eliminating this public health problem in the South-east Asia Region by 2020, this book will be important for anyone who is interested in neglected tropical diseases.Trade ReviewThis is a timely and highly relevant book that provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the current state and future directions of drug discovery for leishmaniasis. It has a broad scientific scope and wonderful insights from leading experts in the field which ensures that there is something for everyone, and that this book is truly a must-have for anyone working in the area of leishmaniasis. -- Dr. Steven L. Cobb, Durham University (UK) * ChemMedChem, DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800266 *Table of ContentsLeishmaniasis, Impact and Therapeutic Needs; Anti-leishmanial Drug Discovery: Past, Present and Future Perspectives; From Bench to Bedside: Development and Optimization of Clinical Therapies for Visceral Leishmaniasis; Drug Assay Methodology in Leishmaniasis: From the Microplate to Image Analysis; The Pursuit of Novel Anti-leishmanial Agents by High-throughput Screening (HTS) of Chemical Libraries; Omics and Their Impact on the Development of Chemotherapy Against Leishmania; In silico Tools for Target Identification and Drug Molecular Docking in Leishmania; Medicinal Chemistry Strategies to Discover New Leishmanicidal Drugs; Natural Products as a Source of New Drugs Against Leishmania; Organometallic Compounds in Chemotherapy Against Leishmania; New Avenues for Drug Delivery in Leishmania: Using Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis with Amphotericin B as an Exemplar; Addressing the Molecular Biology of Leishmania for Drug Development; The Physical Matrix of the Plasma Membrane as a Target: The Charm of Drugs with Low Specificity; Nutrient Transport and Sensing as Pharmacological Targets for Leishmaniasis; Carbon Metabolism as a Drug Target in Leishmania; The Redox Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Leishmania as a Crossroads for the Lethal Effect of Drugs; DNA Topoisomerases as Promising Targets for Leishmania Chemotherapy; Molecular Basis of Drug Resistance in Leishmania; The Macrophage–Parasite Interface as a Chemotherapeutic Target in Leishmaniasis

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Brilliant. . . . One thing the book reveals to the general reader is the interconnection of the development of biological ideas with the development of the rest of science and technology."---Jeremy Bernstein, New Yorker"[A] lucid account of man’s changing ideas about heredity. . . . It seizes and stimulates the imagination."---Arnold W. Ravin, Science"An unusual and illuminating history."---Edward Edelson, Washington Post Book World

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Book SynopsisThis concise, beautifully illustrated book provides a convenient introduction to the basic science of medical microbiology and how this relates to clinical practice. Expanded from the prize-winning first edition to cover virology and parasitology in addition to bacteriology, this second editions explains the essentials of microbial infection and continues to provide a sound basis for developing logical diagnostic and management strategies, including the critical area of antibiotic usage. Section One focuses on the clinical with chapters centred around infections of the organ systems, while full coverage of the scientific aspects underpinning microbial disease follows in Section Two. Table of ContentsSection One: Clinical Aspects of Microbial Infection. Introduction to Clinical Microbiology. Anti-Infective Guidelines in the Hospital. The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Preventing Disease and Infection Control. Infections of the Blood. Infections of the Urinary Tract. Infections of the Respiratory Tract. Tuberculosis. Infections of the Liver including Viral Hepatitis. Infections of the Nervous System. Infections of the Skin, Soft Tissues, Bones and Joints. Infections in a Modern Society. Section Two: Scientific Basis of Microbial Infection. The Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell. The Classification of Bacteria, Fungi and Parasites. The Structure and Replication of Viruses. How Organisms Cause Disease. The Science of Anti-infective Agents and Resistance. Appendix One: Notifiable Diseases. Appendix Two: Key Point Summary of Organisms and Conditions.

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Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction. Chapter 1. Sunfishes (Centrarchidae). Chapter 2. Livebearing Fishes (Poeciliidae). Chapter 3. Other Freshwater Fishes. Chapter 4. Pipefishes and Seahorses (Syngnathidae). Chapter 5. Other Marine Fishes. Chapter 6. The Mangrove Rivulus. Chapter 7. Amphibians. Chapter 8. Marine Turtles. Chapter 9. Freshwater Turtles. Chapter 10. Other Reptiles. Chapter 11. Birds. Chapter 12. Rodents. Chapter 13. Other Mammals. Chapter 14. Invertebrates. Chapter 15. Intergroup Comparisons

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Book SynopsisThe new mechanistic philosophy is divided into two largely disconnected projects. One deals with a metaphysical inquiry into how mechanisms relate to issues such as causation, capacities and levels of organization, while the other deals with epistemic issues related to the discovery of mechanisms and the intelligibility of mechanistic representations. Tudor Baetu explores and explains these projects, and shows how the gap between them can be bridged. His proposed account is compatible both with the assumptions and practices of experimental design in biological research, and with scientifically accepted interpretations of experimental results.Trade Review'… philosophers will find a novel experimental perspective to add to the repertoire of characterizations of phenomena and mechanism. The book ends with a helpful recapitulation of the main points.' Lindley Darden, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of Contents1. Mechanisms and their discovery; 2. What is a phenomenon?; 3. How do mechanisms and phenomena relate to one another?; 4. What is the physical nature of biological mechanisms?; A recapitulation and some clarifications.

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Book SynopsisRaff tells how and why he became an evolutionary biologist and describes some of the vibrant and living science of evolutionTrade ReviewAt once a cri de coeur from an eminent scientist on behalf of his profession, Raff's work is also an engaging and informative jaunt through the richly diverse history of evolution as a phenomenon and a course of study. * Publishers Weekly *Science teachers and students, as well as working scientists and laypersons with some knowledge of biology, will find this an interesting and inspiring book, not only about the life and work of a scientist, but the importance of science to society as well. * Foreword Reviews *Raff's book is . . . a fascinating story of how a young boy interested in natural history became a scientist . . . and also a polemic arguing about the importance of science and its defense against the powers of ignorance. * www.skepticblog.org *This is an excellent introduction to evolutionary thinking and an inspiration to those who may be just starting on their career (or those in need of a bit of encouragement to keep plugging along). . . . Highly recommended. * Choice *Once We All Had Gills strikes just the right balance of drama, humor, good stories, and science that makes not only for entertaining reading, but also delivers important insights into evolutionary biology research. * Quarterly Review of Biology *Table of ContentsPreface AcknowledgmentsPart I: Becoming a Naturalist1. Space-Time2. Layers of the Past3. An Age of Dinosaurs4. A School a Minute5. In the Natural World6. Transformations7. Going South8. Learning to Love the Bomb9. On the Road to Chiapas10. The Masked MessengerPart II: Finding Evolution, Founding Evo-Devo11. Evolution as Science12. Dining with Darwin13. Life with Sea Urchins14. Embryos Evolving15. Evolution in the Tasman Sea16. An Alternate Present17. Biology Meets Fossils Part III: Strange New World18. Darwin's Day in Court19. Creationist Makeovers20. Evolution MattersSelected BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisNow in full-color, the Second Edition of Human Evolutionary Genetics has been completely revised to cover the rapid advances in the field since publication of the highly regarded First Edition. Written for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, it is the only textbook to integrate genetic, archaeological, and linguistic perspectives on human evolution, and to offer a genomic perspective, reflecting the shift from studies of specific regions of the genome towards comprehensive genomewide analyses of human genetic diversity. Human Evolutionary Genetics is suitable for courses in Genetics, Evolution, and Anthropology. Those readers with a background in anthropology will find that the streamlined genetic analysis material contained in the Second Edition is more accessible. The new edition also integrates new technologies (including next-generation sequencing and genome-wide SNP typing) and new data analysis methods, including recent data on ancient genTrade Review"I strongly recommend this book to anyone with an interest in human evolutionary genetics or anthropological genetics. It would be an ideal choice for advanced undergraduates and graduate courses on this topic, and would also be a key reference for those active in such research." - Human Genomics"This is an absolutely superb book! I have been recommending it enthusiastically to professional colleagues, graduate students, and even the occasional highly motivated undergraduate student, and the response has been overwhelmingly positive. Not only is the book unique in terms of topical coverage, but it is also extremely well executed. In fact, it is one of the best textbooks on any subject I have ever read. It belongs on the shelves of everyone interested in the genetic aspects of human evolution. There is also much of value in it for paleoanthropologists, historical linguistics, archaeologists, and human biologists (biological anthropologists), as well as for geneticists with various complementary specialties and interests." - American Journal of Human Genetics"I strongly recommend Human Evolutionary Genetics as an undergraduate textbook. At the same time, I recommend this book to any readers with an interest in human evolution or human genetics." - Human Genetics"In all honesty, there are few comparable textbooks on this subject, and this edition of Human Evolutionary Genetics really raises the bar. I wholeheartedly recommend this volume, and anticipate building a course around it in my own teaching." - The Quarterly Review of Biology"This is a very valuable, stimulating and challenging book for students, who will benefit from having had a previous grounding in basic biology, chemistry and statistics. For teachers this will also be valuable as a comprehensive review for courses in several aspects of human evolutionary genetics and as a teach‌ing aid."- Journal of Biological Education"My thanks to the authors for updating an already outstanding book; you have outdone yourselves! Buy this book." - American Journal of Human Biology"Human Evolutionary Genetics is a highly recommended textbook that helps readers understand differences in the human genome and how evolution has affected development of the genome and acquired diversity....This book is very well laid out for those who want to introduce themselves to the concepts of evolution and genetics and is a good read for advanced undergraduates and graduates, as well as geneticists, human biologists, anthropologists, and others." - Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine"I strongly recommend this book to anyone with an interest in human evolutionary genetics or anthropological genetics. It would be an ideal choice for advanced undergraduates and graduate courses on this topic, and would also be a key reference for those active in such research." - Human Genomics"This is an absolutely superb book! I have been recommending it enthusiastically to professional colleagues, graduate students, and even the occasional highly motivated undergraduate student, and the response has been overwhelmingly positive. Not only is the book unique in terms of topical coverage, but it is also extremely well executed. In fact, it is one of the best textbooks on any subject I have ever read. It belongs on the shelves of everyone interested in the genetic aspects of human evolution. There is also much of value in it for paleoanthropologists, historical linguistics, archaeologists, and human biologists (biological anthropologists), as well as for geneticists with various complementary specialties and interests." - American Journal of Human Genetics"I strongly recommend Human Evolutionary Genetics as an undergraduate textbook. At the same time, I recommend this book to any readers with an interest in human evolution or human genetics." - Human Genetics"In all honesty, there are few comparable textbooks on this subject, and this edition of Human Evolutionary Genetics really raises the bar. I wholeheartedly recommend this volume, and anticipate building a course around it in my own teaching." - The Quarterly Review of Biology"This is a very valuable, stimulating and challenging book for students, who will benefit from having had a previous grounding in basic biology, chemistry and statistics. For teachers this will also be valuable as a comprehensive review for courses in several aspects of human evolutionary genetics and as a teach‌ing aid."- Journal of Biological Education"My thanks to the authors for updating an already outstanding book; you have outdone yourselves! Buy this book." - American Journal of Human Biology"Human Evolutionary Genetics is a highly recommended textbook that helps readers understand differences in the human genome and how evolution has affected development of the genome and acquired diversity....This book is very well laid out for those who want to introduce themselves to the concepts of evolution and genetics and is a good read for advanced undergraduates and graduates, as well as geneticists, human biologists, anthropologists, and others." - Yale Journal of Biology and MedicineTable of Contents1. An Introduction to Human Evolutionary GeneticsSection I: How Do We Study Genetic Variation? 2. Organization and Inheritance of the Human Genome 3. Human Genome Variation 4. Finding and Assaying Genome DiversitySection II: How Do We Interpret Genetic Variation? 5. Processes Shaping Diversity 6. Making Inferences from DiversitySection III: Where and When Did Humans Originate? 7. Humans as Apes 8. What Genetic Changes Have Made Us Human? 9. Origins of Modern HumansSection IV: How Did Humans Colonize the World? 10. The Distribution of Diversity 11. The Colonization of the Old World And Australia 12. Agricultural Expansions 13. Into New Found Lands 14. What Happens When Populations Meet?Section V: How Is An Evolutionary Perspective Helpful? 15. Understanding the Past, Present and Future of Phenotypic Variation16. Evolutionary Insights into Simple Genetic Diseases 17. Evolution and Complex Diseases 18. Identity and Identification

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Book SynopsisWhy do the best-known examples of evolutionary change involve the alteration of one kind of animal into another very similar one, like the evolution of a bigger beak in a bird? Wouldn''t it be much more interesting to understand how beaks originated? Most people would agree, but until recently we didn''t know much about such origins. That is now changing, with the growth of the interdisciplinary field evo-devo, which deals with the relationship between how embryos develop in the short term and how they (and the adults they grow into) evolve in the long term. One of the key questions is: can the origins of structures such as beaks, eyes, and shells be explained within a Darwinian framework? The answer seems to be yes, but only by expanding that framework. This book discusses the required expansion, and the current state of play regarding our understanding of evolutionary and developmental origins.Trade Review'Wallace Arthur treats his readers to an eminently readable but still deeply rooted introduction into one of the most significant achievements of evolutionary biology: how evolutionary developmental biology put the organism back into the centre of evolutionary thinking.' Günter P. Wagner, Yale University, USA'Evo-devo deals with the multiple connections that exist between the biological processes of evolution and development. However, as an interface subject, there is a plurality of views on its content and its boundaries. In spite of that, Wallace Arthur has succeeded in writing an extremely clear and highly accessible guide to this fascinating, multifaceted discipline. Using the concept of 'developmental repatterning' as a common thread, the book provides a balanced view of evo-devo, covering its main achievements and future challenges. This is an ideal entry point for the non-specialist, but also a stimulating read for the practitioner who wants to consider her/his research in a wider perspective.' Giuseppe Fusco, University of Padova, Italy'Occasionally I feel that the field of Evolution and Development has lost its way, becoming submerged in myriad examples and details that don't expand our understanding of life. Wallace's book expounds the intellectual underpinnings of Evolution and Development, leads us through the key questions, and finally shows how the details and examples inform our future understanding. This book provides not just a guide to Evolution and Development, but also a spur to refocus and redouble our efforts to use development to help understand the evolution of life on Earth.' Peter Dearden, University of Otago, New ZealandTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. What is evo-devo and why is it important?; 2. Antecedents of evo-devo; 3. Evolutionary and developmental essentials; 4. Evo-devo essentials; 5. The evolution of variations on a theme; 6. The evolutionary origins of themes and novelties; 7. The evolutionary origins of body plans; 8. Body plan features and toolkit genes; 9. Bringing it all together; Concluding remarks; Summary of common misunderstandings; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisAcute lower respiratory infections are one of the most common diseases in worldwide. Sometimes they constitute the most usual cause of death in children aged less than five years, with pneumonia like the leading origin. In Chapter One, the epidemiology (community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia), causes, risk factors and clinical basic aspects of bacterial pneumonia are presented. The genus Enterococcus coexists with several Gram-positive bacteria. Chapter Two discusses how new tools must be developed to track glycopeptide resistance dissemination by using ISs as markers in epidemiological investigations across the world. Chapter Three summarises the different antibiotic resistances that are being found in enterococci isolates from food and clinical cases and also its possible relationship.

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Book SynopsisMany cancers are associated with the abnormal production of some molecules which can be measured in plasma/urine or can be detected on the surface of resected tumour tissue. These molecules are known as tumour markers. The potential uses of tumour markers are screening in the general population, differential diagnoses of symptomatic patients, clinical staging of cancer, estimating tumour volume, indicating prognosis, monitoring treatment and detecting recurrences. In order to obtain maximum clinical benefit, a tumour marker should have some characteristics. A tumour marker should be tissue-specific. The plasma level of the tumour marker should be in proportion to the size and activity of the tumour. A tumour marker should be present in plasma at a detectable level, even though tumour size is very small. A tumour marker should reflect the altered tumour characteristic as a response to therapy. Unfortunately, currently used tumour markers do not meet all of these criteria. A majority of them are present in normal, benign and tumour tissues, and unfortunately, they are not specific enough to be used for cancer screening in the general population. In addition, conventional tumour markers are poor in reflecting altered tumour behavior in response to anticancer therapy. They are of most value during follow-up appointments. Recent developments in molecular biology have led to the identification of numerous new tumour biomarkers. Firstly, the detection of DNA and RNA freely circulating in blood has provided a new perspective for the early diagnosis of cancer, patient follow-up, and assessment of therapy efficacy. Circulating free nucleic acids can originate from both malignant and non-malignant tissues. Discrimination of tumour cells is based on the presence of tumour-specific genetic and epigenetic alterations. This circulating nucleic acid-based approach is termed a liquid biopsy. Due to its non-invasive and repeatable features, liquid biopsy is a promising tool for cancer patients. It is particularly helpful in cancers where solid tissue biopsies are not feasible, and in the metastatic patients when multiple distinct tumour masses are simultaneously present. As another advantage, liquid biopsy shows the current tumour dynamics during anticancer therapy and drug sensitivities that conventional examinations fail to reflect. Secondly, self-renewable stem cells have the potential to cause cancer. If stem cells are genetically or epienetically changed, their differentiation potential becomes impaired and their proliferative capacity becomes uncontrolled. Current anticancer therapies mostly fail to eradicate cancer stem cells and instead favor expansion of the cancer stem cell pool and/or select for resistant stem cells. Thirdly, microRNAs, non-coding RNAs and transfer RNA fragments found in the bloodstream are candidate markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of cancer. This book provides an overview of these new molecular tumour markers.

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Book SynopsisThis is a book that takes a unique approach to integrating knowledge in antioxidants from essentials to advances, and from basic research to clinical applications. This book presents scientific information on antioxidants in an organised, cogent, and in-depth manner. The consistent format of writing, the full-colour illustrations, and the comprehensive list of references make the book accessible and engaging. Besides its value as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in life science, ''Antioxidants in Biology and Medicine'' will also be a useful reference for biomedical research scientists, clinicians, and other health professionals.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides current research on G-quadruplex structures, their formation and role in biology. Chapter One summarizes the structural features of quadruplexes built by sequence extensions and site-specifically incorporated modified building blocks that have been established to induce the formation of stable, majority single G-quadruplex folding topologies, primarily from the human telomere repeat DNAs. Chapter Two discusses the G-quadruplexes and i-motifs as scaffolds for molecular engineering of DNA aptamers. Chapter Three examines the case of the natural alkaloids coptisine and chelerythrine. Chapter Four describes the G-quadruplex induced fluorescent signals that have been employed for the study of their folding and unfolding mechanism and thereby visualisation of their formation and structure. Chapter Five reviews the historical aspect of how major biological roles of G-quadruplexes have been uncovered by the use of specifically designed small molecule probes; and discusses the future applications of G-quadruplex interacting small molecules, including the development as potential drug candidates. Chapter Six focuses on the latest advances in the development of the telomerase assays and the authors further discuss the application potentiality of the assays for clinical samples.

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Book SynopsisMolecular biology as a distinct scientific discipline had its origins in chemistry and physical biochemistry, gradually emerging in the period between 1930 and the elucidation of DNA in the mid 1950s. Today this field has risen to a dominant position, and with its focus on deciphering genetic structure, it has endowed scientists with unprecedented power over life. In this fascinating study, however, Lily Kay argues that molecular biology did not evolve in a random fashion but, rather, was the result of systematic efforts by key scientists and their supporting foundations to direct the development of biological research toward a preconceived vision of science and society. The author traces and analyses the conceptual roots of molecular biology and the social matrix in which it was developed, focusing on the role of leading researchers headquartered at Caltech, and on the Rockefeller Foundation''s sponsorship of the new science. The study thus explores a number of vital, sometimes controTrade Reviewthe book has the great merit to give insight in the expectation of young American scientists and in what troubles their minds! * Cellular and Molecular Biology, vol.43, no.5, July 1997 *Table of Contents1. "Social Control:" the Rockefeller Foundation's Agenda in the Human Sciences, 1913-1933 ; 2. The Technological Frontier: Southern California and the Emergence of Life Science at Caltech ; 3. Visions and Realitites: The Biology Division in the Morgan Era ; Interlude 1 - The Protein Paradigm ; 4. From Flies to Molecules: Physiological Genetics in the Morgan Era ; 5. A Convergence of Goals: From Physical Chemistry to Bio-Organic Chemistry ; 6. The Spoils of War: Immunochemistry and Serological Genetics, 1940-1945 ; 7. Microorganisms and Macromanagement: Beadle's Return to Caltech ; 8. The Molecular Empire

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Book SynopsisIt is widely recognized that the neural basis of brain function can be fully understood only by integrating many disciplines at many levels. Studies os synaptic organization are bringing about a quiet revolution in achieving this goal, as documented by this unique book over the past 30 years. In this fifth edition, the results of the mouse and human genome projects are incorporated for the first time. Molecular biologists interested in functional genomics and proteomics of the brain will find answers here to the critical questions: what are the cell and circuit functions of gene products? Also for the first time, the reader is oriented to supporting neuroscience databases.Among the new advances covered are 2-photon confocal laser microscopy of dendrites and dendritic spines, biochemical analyses, and dual patch and multielectrode recordings, applied together with an increasing range of behavioural and gene-targeting methods. Leading experts in the best understood brain regions bring toTrade ReviewThis fifth edition of Shepherd's well-respected text is still worth having on the bookshelf . . . the regions covered are dealt with systematically and clearly. Each chapter has a similar structure, with sections on the neuronal elements present, their synaptic connections and basic circuits, their intrinsic membrane properties, synaptic actions and dendritic properties, and the functional properties of the circuits. This is all done clearly and thoroughly, packing a great deal of information into a small space . . . The synaptic organisation of the brain is a classic text, and still very much worth having and reading for anyone interested in the details of neuroscience. * Physiology News, Number 56 *Table of Contents1. Introduction to Synaptic Circuits ; 2. Membrane Properties and Neurotransmitter Actions ; 3. Spinal Cord: Ventral Horn ; 4. Cochlear Nucleus ; 5. Olfactory Bulb ; 6. Retina ; 7. Cerebellum ; 8. Thalamus ; 9. Basal Ganglia ; 10. Olfactory Cortex ; 11. Hippocampus ; 12. Neocortex

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Book SynopsisWhat is life? Fifty years after physicist Erwin Schrodinger posed this question in his celebrated and inspiring book, the answer remains elusive. In The Way of the Cell, one of the world''s most respected microbiologists draws on his wide knowledge of contemporary science to provide fresh insight into this intriguing and all-important question. What is the relationship of living things to the inanimate realm of chemistry and physics? How do lifeless but special chemicals come together to form those intricate dynamic ensembles that we recognize as life? To shed light on these questions, Franklin Harold focuses here on microorganisms - in particular, the supremely well-researched bacterium E. coli - because the cell is the simplest level of organization that manifests all the features of the phenomenon of life. Harold shows that as simple as they appear when compared to ourselves, every cell displays a dynamic pattern in space and time, orders of magnitude richer than its elements. It integrates the writhings and couplings of billions of molecules into a coherent whole, draws matter and energy into itself, constructs and reproduces its own order, and persists in this manner for numberless generations while continuously adapting to a changing world. A cell constitutes a unitary whole, a unit of life, and in this volume one of the leading authorities on the cell gives us a vivid picture of what goes on within this minute precinct. The result is a richly detailed, meticulously crafted account of what modern science can tell us about life as well as one scientist''s personal attempt to wring understanding from the tide of knowledge.Trade Review"The work is like a breath of fresh air in a scientific world otherwise obsessed with excessive reductionism."--BioEssays"Witty and erudite, this scientific book hails as a literary achievement. Comprehensive and up to date, Franklin Harold traces the roots--historical, thermodynamic, and biochemical--of today's biological revolution."--Lynn Margulis, co-author (with Dorion Sagan) of both What is Life? and What is Sex?"This book helps us understand why the search for answers to the riddle 'What is life?' is a noble quest."--Howard C. Berg, author of Random Walks in Biology

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