Microwave technology Books

Book SynopsisAccessible, easy baking for everyoneHow to make a vegan cake in a microwave, in less than 10 minutes, using simple ingredients you don’t even have to weigh out, with no waste, no leftovers and little washing up.Conventional cake making can be tricky as there is an exact science behind them. Failure to follow the recipe can have dramatic consequences. Mug cakes on the other hand are fun, quick fixes that you can enjoy as soon as you decide you want one. They’re also perfect for one. Normally, they are made using an egg, which means they are unsuitable for vegans, but the 40 plant-based recipes here will range from classics such as gooey chocolate brownie mug cake, to a delicious peanut butter and lemon and blueberry mug cakes, all made using vegan-friendly ingredients. 

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Book SynopsisThis book reflects contributions from experts in biological and health effects of Radio Frequency (RF)/Microwave and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) used in wireless communications (WC) and other technological applications. Diverse topics related to physics, biology, pathology, epidemiology, and plausible biophysical and biochemical mechanisms of WC EMFs emitted by antennas and devices are included. Discussions on the possible consequences of fifth generation (5G) mobile telephony (MT) EMFs based on available data and  correlation between anthropogenic EMF exposures and various pathological conditions such as infertility, cancer, electro-hypersensitivity, organic and viral diseases, and effects on animals, plants, trees, and environment are included. It further illustrates individual and public health protection and the setting of biologically- and epidemiologically-based exposure limits.Features: Covers bioTable of Contents1: Defining Wireless Communication (WC) Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs): A. Polarization is a principal property of all man-made EMFs. B. Modulation, Pulsation, and Variability are inherent parameters of WC EMFs. C. Most man-made EMF-exposures are Non-Thermal. D. Measuring incident EMFs is more relevant than SAR. E. All man-made EMFs emit continuous waves, not photons. F. Differences from natural EMFs. Interaction with matter. 2: Public Health implications of exposure to Wireless Communication Electromagnetic Fields. 3: Oxidative Stress induced by Wireless Communication Electromagnetic Fields. 4: Genotoxic Effects of Wireless Communication Electromagnetic Fields. 5: DNA and Chromosome Damage in human and animal cells, induced by Mobile Telephony EMFs and other stressors. 6: The impacts of Wireless Communication Electromagnetic Fields on human reproductive biology. 7: Effects of Wireless Communication Electromagnetic Fields on human and animal brain activity. 8: Electrohypersensitivity as a worldwide man-made electromagnetic pathology: a review of the medical evidence. 9: Carcinogenic effects of non-thermal exposure to Wireless Communication Electromagnetic Fields. 10: Effects of man-made and especially Wireless Communication Electromagnetic Fields on Wild Life. 11: Mechanism of Ion Forced-Oscillation and Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Dysfunction by Polarized and Coherent Electromagnetic Fields. 12: Electromagnetic Field-induced dysfunction of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels, Oxidative Stress, DNA damage and related pathologies

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Book SynopsisWritten by prominent experts in the field, this authoritative new resource provides guidelines for performing a wide variety of Vector Network Analyzers (VNA) measurements. The capabilities and limitations of modern VNA in the context of challenging real-world applications are explained, as well as insights for optimizing test setups and instrument settings, making accurate measurements and, equally important, avoiding costly mistakes. Organized by topic, the readers can focus on chapters covering particular measurement challenges. Application topics include linear and non-linear measurements of passive and active devices, frequency converting devices, and special considerations for high-power, high-gain, and pulsed devices. Signal Integrity and time-domain reflectometry are covered, as well as emerging applications at millimeter-wave frequencies driven by 5G and automotive radar. Waveguide is presented, with emphasis on understanding guided-wave propagation and the associated calculations required for creating calibration standards. Each application is supported by illustrations that help explain key concepts and VNA screenshots are used to show both expected and, in some cases, unexpected results. This book equips engineers and lab technicians to better understand these important instruments, and effectively use them to develop the technologies that drive our world.Table of ContentsArchitecture of the Modern VNA; Calibration Techniques; Cable, Adapter and Attenuator Measurements; Filter, Transformer, Coupler, Circulator Measurements; Amplifier Measurements; Measurements on Mixers and Frequency Converters; Pulse Measurements; Antenna Measurements; Waveguide and Millimeter-Wave Measurements; Measurements on a Probe Station.

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Book SynopsisThis concise volume provides an introduction to the working principles, design, and construction of air-stable inverted organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which lead to the realization of practical flexible electronics. The first part of the book reviews the history of the three generations of inverted OLEDs: hybrid organic inorganic light-emitting diodes (HOILEDs), metal oxides and organic electron injection layer, describing the materials, fabrication techniques, device structure, applications, and technological challenges involved in each case. The second part of the book focuses on the carrier injection mechanism in OLEDs.The book will be of interest to students and researchers working on organic optoelectronics.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Air stability for organic light-emitting diodes (Katsuyuki Morii) Abstract 1.1 Comparison with OLEDs with LEDs 1.2 Important issues for OLEDs Conclusion Chapter 2: Hybrid organic-inorganic light-emitting diode (Katsuyuki Morii) Abstract 2.1 First hybrid organic-inorganic light-emitting diode (HOILED) 2.2 Metal oxide layer on the cathode side for HOILEDs 2.2.1 Zinc oxide 2.2.2 Wide-band-gap metal oxides 2.3 Initial modification of surface of metal oxide on the cathode side Conclusion Chapter 3: Interfacial engineering by introducing an interlayer (Hirohiko Fukagawa) Abstract 3.1 Self-assembled monolayers 3.2 Ionic species 3.3 Polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) and branched polyethylenimine (PEI) 3.4 Other amine derivatives 3.5 Novel metal oxides and electrides 3.6 Solution-processed boron compounds for operationally stable inverted OLEDs Conclusion Chapter 4: Carrier Injection Mechanism (Hirohiko Fukagawa) Abstract 4.1 Hole injection in conventional OLEDs 4.2 Electron injection mechanism in inverted OLEDs 4.3 Hole injection mechanism in inverted OLEDs (Katsuyuki Morii) 4.3.1 Organic/inorganic layer and inorganic/organic layer 4.3.2 MoO3 on F8BT Conclusion

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Book SynopsisExplore the latestresearchavenues in the field ofhigh-powermicrowave sources and metamaterials A stand-alone follow-up to the highly successfulHigh Power Microwave Sources andTechnologies,the newHigh Power Microwave Sources and Technologies Using Metamaterials,demonstrateshow metamaterialshave impacted the field ofhigh-powermicrowave sources and the new directions revealed by the latest research.It's written by a distinguished team of researchers in the areawho explore a new paradigm within which to consider the interaction of microwaves with material media. Providing contributions from multiple institutions that discuss theoretical concepts as well as experimental results in slow wave structure design, this edited volumealso discusses how traditional periodic structures used since the 1940s and 1950s can have propertiesthat, until recently, were attributed to double negative metamaterial structures. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to high power microwave oscillators anTable of ContentsEditor Biographies xi List of Contributors xiii Foreword xvii Preface xix 1 Introduction and Overview of the Book 1 Rebecca Seviour 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Electromagnetic Materials 2 1.3 Effective-Media Theory 4 1.4 History of Effective Materials 4 1.4.1 Artificial Dielectrics 4 1.4.2 Artificial Magnetic Media 5 1.5 Double Negative Media 7 1.5.1 DNG Realization 9 1.6 Backward Wave Propagation 9 1.7 Dispersion 10 1.8 Parameter Retrieval 12 1.9 Loss 13 1.10 Summary 14 References 14 2 Multitransmission Line Model for Slow Wave Structures Interacting with Electron Beams and Multimode Synchronization 17 Ahmed F. Abdelshafy, Mohamed A.K. Othman, Alexander Figotin, and Filippo Capolino 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Transmission Lines: A Preview 18 2.2.1 Multiple Transmission Line Model 18 2.3 Modeling of Waveguide Propagation Using the Equivalent Transmission Line Model 20 2.3.1 Propagation in Uniform Waveguides 21 2.3.2 Propagation in Periodic Waveguides 22 2.3.3 Floquet’s Theorem 24 2.4 Pierce Theory and the Importance of Transmission Line Model 25 2.5 Generalized Pierce Model for Multimodal Slow Wave Structures 28 2.5.1 Multitransmission Line Formulation Without Electron Beam: “Cold SWS” 28 2.5.2 Multitransmission Line Interacting with an Electron Beam: “Hot SWS” 30 2.6 Periodic Slow-Wave Structure and Transfer Matrix Method 32 2.7 Multiple Degenerate Modes Synchronized with the Electron Beam 34 2.7.1 Multimode Degeneracy Condition 34 2.7.2 Degenerate Band Edge (DBE) 34 2.7.3 Super Synchronization 35 2.7.4 Complex Dispersion Characteristics of a Periodic MTL Interacting with an Electron Beam 38 2.8 Giant Amplification Associated to Multimode Synchronization 39 2.9 Low Starting Electron Beam Current in Multimode Synchronization-Based Oscillators 42 2.10 SWS Made by Dual Nonidentical Coupled Transmission Lines Inside a Waveguide 46 2.10.1 Dispersion Engineering Using Dual Nonidentical Pair of TLs 47 2.10.2 BWO Design Using Butterfly Structure 49 2.11 Three-Eigenmode Super Synchronization: Applications in Amplifiers 50 2.12 Summary 53 References 54 3 Generalized Pierce Model from the Lagrangian 57 Alexander Figotin and Guillermo Reyes 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Main Results 59 3.2.1 Lagrangian Structure of the Standard Pierce Model 59 3.2.2 Multiple Transmission Lines 60 3.2.3 The Amplification Mechanism and Negative Potential Energy 60 3.2.4 Beam Instability and Degenerate Beam Lagrangian 61 3.2.5 Full Characterization of the Existence of an Amplifying Regime 61 3.2.6 Energy Conservation and Fluxes 62 3.2.7 Negative Potential Energy and General Gain Media 62 3.3 Pierce’s Model 63 3.4 Lagrangian Formulation of Pierce’s Model 65 3.4.1 The Lagrangian 65 3.4.2 Generalization to Multiple Transmission Lines 67 3.5 Hamiltonian Structure of the MTLB System 68 3.5.1 Hamiltonian Forms for Quadratic Lagrangian Densities 68 3.5.2 The MTLB System 70 3.6 The Beam as a Source of Amplification: The Role of Instability 71 3.6.1 Space Charge Wave Dynamics: Eigenmodes and Stability Issues 71 3.7 Amplification for the Homogeneous Case 74 3.7.1 Asymptotic Behavior of the Amplification Factor as ξ → 0 and as ξ → ∞ 77 3.8 Energy Conservation and Transfer 77 3.8.1 Energy Exchange Between Subsystems 78 3.9 The Pierce Model Revisited 80 3.10 Mathematical Subjects 82 3.10.1 Energy Conservation via Noether’s Theorem 82 3.10.2 Energy Exchange Between Subsystems 83 3.11 Summary 84 References 84 4 Dispersion Engineering for Slow-Wave Structure Design 87 Ushe Chipengo, Niru K. Nahar, John L. Volakis, Alan D. R. Phelps, and Adrian W. Cross 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Metamaterial Complementary Split Ring Resonator-Based Slow-Wave Structure 88 4.2.1 Complementary Split Ring Resonator Plate-Loaded Metamaterial Waveguide: Design 89 4.2.2 Complementary Split Ring Resonator Plate-Loaded Metamaterial Waveguide: Fabrication and Cold Test 92 4.3 Broadside Coupled Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial Slow-Wave Structure 94 4.3.1 Broadside-Coupled Split Ring-Loaded Metamaterial Waveguide: Design 94 4.3.2 Broadside-Coupled Split Ring-Loaded Metamaterial Waveguide: Fabrication and Cold Test 97 4.4 Iris Ring-Loaded Waveguide Slow-Wave Structure with a Degenerate Band Edge 97 4.4.1 Iris Loaded-DBE Slow-Wave Structure: Design 100 4.4.2 Iris-Loaded DBE Slow-Wave Structure: Fabrication and Cold Test 102 4.5 Two-Dimensional Periodic Surface Lattice-Based Slow-Wave Structure 102 4.5.1 Two-Dimensional Periodic Surface Lattice Slow-Wave Structure: Design 104 4.5.2 Two-Dimensional Periodic Surface Lattice Slow-Wave Structure: Fabrication and Cold Test 106 4.6 Curved Ring-Bar Slow-Wave Structure for High-Power Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers 107 4.6.1 Curved Ring-Bar Slow-Wave Structure: Design 108 4.6.2 Curved Ring-Bar Slow-Wave Structure: Fabrication and Cold Testing 112 4.7 A Corrugated Cylindrical Slow-Wave Structure with Cavity Recessions and Metallic Ring Insertions 114 4.7.1 Design of a Corrugated Cylindrical Slow-Wave Structure with Cavity Recessions and Metallic Ring Insertions 116 4.7.2 Fabrication and Cold testing of a Homogeneous, Corrugated Cylindrical Slow-Wave Structure with Cavity Recessions and Metallic Ring Insertions 119 4.7.3 Inhomogeneous SWS design based on the Corrugated Cylindrical SWS with Cavity Recessions and Metallic Ring Insertions: Fabrication and Cold Testing 121 4.8 Summary 123 References 123 5 Perturbation Analysis of Maxwell’s Equations 127 Robert Lipton, Anthony Polizzi, and Lokendra Thakur 5.1 Introduction 127 5.2 Gain from Floating Interaction Structures 129 5.2.1 Anisotropic Effective Properties and the Dispersion Relation 130 5.2.2 A Pierce-Like Approach to Dispersion 133 5.3 Gain from Grounded Interaction Structures 133 5.3.1 Model Description 134 5.3.2 Physics of Waveguides and Maxwell’s Equations 134 5.3.3 Perturbation Series for Leading Order Dispersive Behavior 137 5.3.4 Leading Order Theory of Gain for Hybrid Space Charge Modes for a Corrugated SWS with Beam 138 5.3.4.1 Hybrid Modes in Beam 140 5.3.4.2 Impedance Condition 141 5.3.4.3 Cold Structure 141 5.3.4.4 Pierce Theory 142 5.4 Electrodynamics Inside a Finite-Length TWT: Transmission Line Model 142 5.4.1 Solution of the Transmission Line Approximation 145 5.4.2 Discussion of Results 145 5.5 Corrugated Oscillators 148 5.5.1 Oscillator Geometry 148 5.5.2 Solutions of Maxwell’s Equations in the Oscillator 149 5.5.3 Perturbation Expansions 151 5.5.4 Leading Order Theory: The Subwavelength Limit of the Asymptotic Expansions 151 5.5.5 Dispersion Relation for δω 152 5.6 Summary 154 References 154 6 Similarity of the Properties of Conventional Periodic Structures with Metamaterial Slow Wave Structures 157 Sabahattin Yurt, Edl Schamiloglu, Robert Lipton, Anthony Polizzi, and Lokendra Thakur 6.1 Introduction 157 6.2 Motivation 157 6.3 Observations 159 6.3.1 Appearance of Negative Dispersion for Low-Order Waves 159 6.3.2 Evolution of Wave Dispersion in Uniform Periodic Systems with Increasing Corrugation Depth 160 6.3.2.1 SWS with Sinusoidal Corrugations 161 6.3.2.2 SWS with Rectangular Corrugations 164 6.4 Analysis of Metamaterial Surfaces from Perfectly Conducting Subwavelength Corrugations 168 6.4.1 Approach 169 6.4.2 Model Description 169 6.4.2.1 Physics of Waveguides and Maxwell’s Equations 170 6.4.2.2 Two-Scale Asymptotic Expansions 172 6.4.2.3 Leading Order Theory: The Subwavelength Limit of the Asymptotic Expansions 172 6.4.2.4 Nonlocal Surface Impedance Formulation for Time Harmonic Fields 173 6.4.2.5 Effective Surface Impedance for Hybrid Modes in Circular Waveguides 174 6.4.3 Metamaterials and Corrugations as Microresonators 175 6.4.4 Controlling Negative Dispersion and Power Flow with Corrugation Depth 177 6.4.5 Summary 182 References 182 7 Group Theory Approach for Designing MTM Structures for High-Power Microwave Devices 185 Hamide Seidfaraji, Christos Christodoulou, and Edl Schamiloglu 7.1 Group Theory Background 185 7.1.1 Symmetry Elements 186 7.1.2 Symmetry Point Group 187 7.1.3 Character Table 187 7.2 MTM Analysis Using Group Theory 188 7.2.1 Split Ring Resonator Behavior Analysis Using Group Theory 189 7.2.1.1 Principles of Group Theory 189 7.2.1.2 Basis Current in SSRs 191 7.3 Inverse Problem-Solving Using Group Theory 194 7.4 Designing an Ideal MTM 195 7.5 Proposed New Structure Using Group Theory 195 7.6 Design of Isotropic Negative Index Material 197 7.7 Multibeam Backward Wave Oscillator Design using MTM and Group Theory 199 7.7.1 Introduction and Motivation 199 7.7.2 Metamaterial Design 200 7.7.3 Theory of Electron Beam Interaction with Metamaterial Waveguide 203 7.7.4 Hot Test Particle-in-Cell Simulations 204 7.8 Particle-in-Cell Simulations 204 7.9 Efficiency 207 7.10 Summary 208 References 209 8 Time-Domain Behavior of the Evolution of Electromagnetic Fields in Metamaterial Structures 211 Mark Gilmore, Tyler Wynkoop, and Mohamed Aziz Hmaidi 8.1 Introduction 211 8.2 Experimental Observations 212 8.2.1 Bandstop Filter (BSF) System 215 8.2.2 Bandpass Filter (BPF) System 217 8.3 Numerical Simulations 224 8.3.1 Bandstop System (BSF) 225 8.3.2 Bandpass Filter System (BPF) 226 8.3.3 Experiment-Model Comparison 227 8.4 Attempts at a Linear Circuit Model 229 References 230 9 Metamaterial Survivability in the High-Power Microwave Environment 233 Rebecca Seviour 9.1 Introduction 233 9.2 Split Ring Resonator Loss 234 9.3 CSRR Loss 237 9.4 Artificial Material Loss 239 9.5 Disorder 241 9.6 Summary 242 References 244 10 Experimental Hot Test of Beam/Wave Interactions with Metamaterial Slow Wave Structures 245 Michael A. Shapiro, Jason S. Hummelt, Xueying Lu, and Richard J. Temkin 10.1 First-Stage Experiment at MIT 246 10.1.1 Metamaterial Structure 246 10.1.2 Experimental Results 247 10.1.3 Summary of First-Stage Experiments 251 10.2 Second-Stage Experiment at MIT 251 10.3 Metamaterial Structure with Reverse Symmetry 252 10.4 Experimental Results on High-Power Generation 255 10.5 Frequency Measurement in Hot Test 257 10.6 Steering Coil Control 262 10.7 University of New Mexico/University of California Irvine Collaboration on a High Power Metamaterial Cherenkov Oscillator 264 10.8 Summary 264 References 265 11 Conclusions and Future Directions 267 John Luginsland, Jason A. Marshall, Arje Nachman, and Edl Schamiloglu References 268 Index 271

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Book SynopsisPresents wideband RF technologies and antennas in the microwave band and millimeter-wave band This book provides an up-to-date introduction to the technologies, design, and test procedures of RF components and systems at microwave frequencies. The book begins with a review of the elementary electromagnetics and antenna topics needed for students and engineers with no basic background in electromagnetic and antenna theory. These introductory chapters will allow readers to study and understand the basic design principles and features of RF and communication systems for communications and medical applications. After this introduction, the author examines MIC, MMIC, MEMS, and LTCC technologies. The text will also present information on meta-materials, design of microwave and mm wave systems, along with a look at microwave and mm wave receivers, transmitters and antennas. Discusses printed antennas for wireless communication systems and wearable antennas for coTable of ContentsAcknowledgments xiii Author Biography xv Preface xxv 1 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation and Applications 1 1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 1.2 Free-Space Propagation 4 1.3 Friis Transmission Formula 6 1.4 Link Budget Examples 8 1.5 Noise 9 1.6 Communication System Link Budget 11 1.7 Path Loss 13 1.8 Receiver Sensitivity 13 1.9 Receivers: Definitions and Features 14 1.10 Types of Radars 16 1.11 Transmitters: Definitions and Features 16 References 18 2 Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines for RF Designers 19 2.1 Definitions 19 2.2 Electromagnetic Waves 20 2.3 Transmission Lines 25 2.4 Matching Techniques 29 2.5 Coaxial Transmission Line 34 2.6 Microstrip Line 36 2.7 Materials 39 2.8 Waveguides 43 2.9 Circular Waveguide 48 References 54 3 Basic Antennas for Communication Systems 57 3.1 Introduction to Antennas 57 3.2 Antenna Parameters 58 3.3 Dipole Antenna 60 3.4 Basic Aperture Antennas 66 3.5 Horn Antennas 69 3.6 Antenna Arrays for Communication Systems 80 References 88 4 MIC and MMIC Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Microwave Integrated Circuits Modules 92 4.3 Development and Fabrication of a Compact Integrated RF Head for Inmarsat-M Ground Terminal 92 4.4 Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits 100 4.5 Conclusions 111 References 111 5 Printed Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems 113 5.1 Printed Antennas 113 5.2 Two Layers Stacked Microstrip Antennas 119 5.3 Stacked Monopulse Ku Band Patch Antenna 122 5.4 Loop Antennas 123 5.5 Wired Loop Antenna 132 5.6 Radiation Pattern of a Loop Antenna Near a Metal Sheet 133 5.7 Planar Inverted-F Antenna 136 References 140 6 MIC and MMIC Millimeter-Wave Receiving Channel Modules 141 6.1 18–40 GHz Compact RF Modules 141 6.2 18–40 GHz Front End 141 6.3 18–40 GHz Integrated Compact Switched Filter Bank Module 154 6.4 FSU Performance 163 6.5 FSU Design and Analysis 171 6.6 FSU Fabrication 181 6.7 Conclusions 184 References 185 7 Integrated Outdoor Unit for Millimeter-Wave Satellite Communication Applications 187 7.1 The ODU Description 187 7.2 The Low Noise Unit: LNB 191 7.3 SSPA Output Power Requirements 191 7.4 Isolation Between Receiving and Transmitting Channels 192 7.5 SSPA 192 7.6 The ODU Mechanical Package 194 7.7 Low Noise and Low-cost K-band Compact Receiving Channel for VSAT Satellite Communication Ground Terminal 195 7.8 Ka-band Integrated High Power Amplifiers SSPA for VSAT Satellite Communication Ground Terminal 200 7.9 Conclusions 205 References 206 8 MIC and MMIC Integrated RF Heads 209 8.1 Integrated Ku-band Automatic Tracking System 209 8.2 Super Compact X-band Monopulse Transceiver 233 References 243 9 MIC and MMIC Components and Modules Design 245 9.1 Introduction 245 9.2 Passive Elements 245 9.3 Power Dividers and Combiners 249 9.4 RF Amplifiers 256 9.5 Linearity of RF Amplifiers and Active Devices 262 9.6 Wideband Phased Array Direction Finding System 270 9.7 Conclusions 277 References 279 10 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Technology 281 10.1 Introduction 281 10.2 MEMS Technology 281 10.3 W-band MEMS Detection Array 285 10.4 Array Fabrication and Measurement 291 10.5 Mutual Coupling Effects Between Pixels 293 10.6 MEMS Bow-tie Dipole with Bolometer 294 10.7 220 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna 294 10.8 Conclusions 294 References 297 11 Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) Technology 299 11.1 Introduction 299 11.2 LTCC and HTCC Technology Features 300 11.3 LTCC and HTCC Technology Process 301 11.4 Design of High-pass LTCC Filters 301 11.5 Comparison of Single-layer and Multilayer Microstrip Circuits 305 11.6 LTCC Multilayer Technology Design Considerations 308 11.7 Capacitor and Inductor Quality (Q) Factor 310 11.8 Summary of LTCC Process Advantages and Limitations 312 11.9 Conclusions 312 References 313 12 Advanced Antenna Technologies for Communication System 315 12.1 New Wideband Wearable Metamaterial Antennas for Communication Applications 315 12.2 Stacked Patch Antenna Loaded with SRR 325 12.3 Patch Antenna Loaded with Split Ring Resonators 327 12.4 Metamaterial Antenna Characteristics in Vicinity to the Human Body 329 12.5 Metamaterial Wearable Antennas 333 12.6 Wideband Stacked Patch with SRR 336 12.7 Fractal Printed Antennas 338 12.8 Antiradar Fractals and/or Multilevel Chaff Dispersers 341 12.9 Definition of Multilevel Fractal Structure 342 12.10 Advanced Antenna System 344 12.11 Applications of Fractal Printed Antennas 348 12.12 Conclusions 364 References 367 13 Wearable Communication and Medical Systems 369 13.1 Wearable Antennas for Communication and Medical Applications 369 13.2 Dually Polarized Wearable 434 MHz Printed Antenna 370 13.3 Loop Antenna with Ground Plane 374 13.4 Antenna S 11 Variation as Function of Distance from Body 377 13.5 Wearable Antennas 381 13.6 Compact Dual-Polarized Printed Antenna 385 13.7 Compact Wearable RFID Antennas 385 13.8 434 MHz Receiving Channel for Communication and Medical Systems 394 13.9 Conclusions 395 References 398 14 RF Measurements 401 14.1 Introduction 401 14.2 Multiport Networks with N-ports 402 14.3 Scattering Matrix 403 14.4 S-Parameters Measurements 404 14.5 Transmission Measurements 407 14.6 Output Power and Linearity Measurements 409 14.7 Power Input Protection Measurement 409 14.8 Nonharmonic Spurious Measurements 410 14.9 Switching Time Measurements 410 14.10 IP 2 Measurements 410 14.11 IP 3 Measurements 412 14.12 Noise Figure Measurements 414 14.13 Antenna Measurements 414 14.14 Antenna Range Setup 419 References 420 Index 421

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive yet accessible treatment of the linear theory of electromagnetics and its application to the design of electrical machines. Leveraging valuable classroom insight gained by the authors during their impressive and ongoing teaching careers, this text emphasizes concepts rather than numerical methods, providing preseTrade Review"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done."— Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India"The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwell’s equations to Laplace’s equation, Poisson’s equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines."— Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A&M University"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the user’s basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior."— Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done."—Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done."—Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India"The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwell’s equations to Laplace’s equation, Poisson’s equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines."—Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A&M University"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the user’s basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior."—Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of WindsorTable of ContentsIntroduction. Review of Field Equations. Theorems, Revisited. Laplacian Fields. Eddy Currents in Magnetic Cores. Laminated-Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines. Un-Laminated Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines. Case Studies. Numerical Computation. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to explore a range of ideas that have the potential to lead to future paradigm shifts. We know that technology is evolving at a rapid pace, but it is almost impossible to predict the exact direction from which the next paradigm will emerge. The book represents eighteen ideas that could result in paradigm shifts. The only criterion for inclusion in this book is that the idea has to represent a significant departure from the norm in exploring a new technology or application. The next generation of paradigm shifts in communication technology is going to start as ''blue sky'' ideas, evolving dreams into reality.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses alternatives to ordinary transmission lines for the design and implementation of advanced RF/microwave components in planar technology.This book is devoted to the analysis, study and applications of artificial transmission lines mostly implemented by means of a host line conveniently modified (e.g., with modulation of transverse dimensions, with etched patterns in the metallic layers, etc.) or with reactive loading, in order to achieve novel device functionalities, superior performance, and/or reduced size. The author begins with an introductory chapter dedicated to the fundamentals of planar transmission lines. Chapter 2 is focused on artificial transmission lines based on periodic structures (including non-uniform transmission lines and reactively-loaded lines), and provides a comprehensive analysis of the coupled mode theory. Chapters 3 and 4 are dedicated to artificial transmission lines inspired by metamaterials, oTable of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1 Fundamentals of Planar Transmission Lines 1 1.1 Planar Transmission Lines Distributed Circuits and Artificial Transmission Lines 1 1.2 Distributed Circuit Analysis and Main Transmission Line Parameters 5 1.3 Loaded (Terminated) Transmission Lines 8 1.4 Lossy Transmission Lines 16 1.4.1 Dielectric Losses: The Loss Tangent 19 1.4.2 Conductor Losses: The Skin Depth 25 1.5 Comparative Analysis of Planar Transmission Lines 28 1.6 Some Illustrative Applications of Planar Transmission Lines 31 1.6.1 Semilumped Transmission Lines and Stubs and Their Application to Low-Pass and Notch Filters 31 1.6.2 Low-Pass Filters Based on Richard’s Transformations 39 1.6.3 Power Splitters Based on λ/4 Lines 40 1.6.4 Capacitively Coupled λ/2 Resonator Bandpass Filters 42 References 44 2 Artificial Transmission Lines based on Periodic Structures 47 2.1 Introduction and Scope 47 2.2 Floquet Analysis of Periodic Structures 48 2.3 The Transfer Matrix Method 53 2.3.1 Dispersion Relation 54 2.3.2 Bloch Impedance 56 2.3.3 Effects of Asymmetry in the Unit Cell through an Illustrative Example 60 2.3.4 Comparison between Periodic Transmission Lines and Conventional Lines 62 2.3.5 The Concept of Iterative Impedance 63 2.4 Coupled Mode Theory 64 2.4.1 The Cross-Section Method and the Coupled Mode Equations 65 2.4.2 Relation between the Complex Mode Amplitudes and S-Parameters 69 2.4.3 Approximate Analytical Solutions of the Coupled Mode Equations 71 2.4.4 Analytical Expressions for Relevant Parameters of EBG Periodic Structures 77 2.4.5 Relation between the Coupling Coefficient and the S-Parameters 79 2.4.6 Using the Approximate Solutions of the Coupled Mode Equations 80 2.5 Applications 86 2.5.1 Applications of Periodic Nonuniform Transmission Lines 86 2.5.1.1 Reflectors 86 2.5.1.2 High-Q Resonators 92 2.5.1.3 Spurious Suppression in Planar Filters 93 2.5.1.4 Harmonic Suppression in Active Circuits 95 2.5.1.5 Chirped Delay Lines 99 2.5.2 Applications of Reactively Loaded Lines: The Slow Wave Effect 102 2.5.2.1 Compact CPW Bandpass Filters with Spurious Suppression 105 2.5.2.2 Compact Microstrip Wideband Bandpass Filters with Ultrawideband Spurious Suppression 108 References 114 3 Metamaterial Transmission Lines: Fundamentals Theory Circuit Models and Main Implementations 119 3.1 Introduction Terminology and Scope 119 3.2 Effective Medium Metamaterials 122 3.2.1 Wave Propagation in LH Media 123 3.2.2 Losses and Dispersion in LH Media 125 3.2.3 Main Electromagnetic Properties of LH Metamaterials 127 3.2.3.1 Negative Refraction 128 3.2.3.2 Backward Cerenkov Radiation 129 3.2.4 Synthesis of LH Metamaterials 131 3.2.4.1 Negative Effective Permittivity Media: Wire Media 132 3.2.4.2 Negative Effective Permeability Media: SRRs 136 3.2.4.3 Combining SRRs and Metallic Wires: One-Dimensional LH Medium 139 3.3 Electrically Small Resonators for Metamaterials and Microwave Circuit Design 141 3.3.1 Metallic Resonators 142 3.3.1.1 The Non-Bianisotropic SRR (NB-SRR) 142 3.3.1.2 The Broadside-Coupled SRR (BC-SRR) 142 3.3.1.3 The Double-Slit SRR (DS-SRR) 143 3.3.1.4 The Spiral Resonator (SR) 144 3.3.1.5 The Folded SIR 144 3.3.1.6 The Electric LC Resonator (ELC) 145 3.3.1.7 The Open Split-Ring Resonator (OSRR) 146 3.3.2 Applying Duality: Complementary Resonators 146 3.3.2.1 Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) 147 3.3.2.2 Open Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (OCSRR) 149 3.4 Canonical Models of Metamaterial Transmission Lines 149 3.4.1 The Dual Transmission Line Concept 150 3.4.2 The CRLH Transmission Line 154 3.4.3 Other CRLH Transmission Lines 158 3.4.3.1 The Dual CRLH (D-CRLH) Transmission Line 158 3.4.3.2 Higher-Order CRLH and D-CRLH Transmission Lines 159 3.5 Implementation of Metamaterial Transmission Lines and Lumped-Element Equivalent Circuit Models 162 3.5.1 CL-Loaded Approach 162 3.5.2 Resonant-Type Approach 166 3.5.2.1 Transmission Lines based on SRRs 167 3.5.2.2 Transmission Lines based on CSRRs 177 3.5.2.3 Inter-Resonator Coupling: Effects and Modeling 183 3.5.2.4 Effects of SRR and CSRR Orientation: Mixed Coupling 191 3.5.2.5 Transmission Lines based on OSRRs and OCSRRs 195 3.5.2.6 Synthesis Techniques 203 3.5.3 The Hybrid Approach 204 References 206 4 Metamaterial Transmission Lines: RF/Microwave Applications 214 4.1 Introduction 214 4.2 Applications of CRLH Transmission Lines 215 4.2.1 Enhanced Bandwidth Components 215 4.2.1.1 Principle and Limitations 215 4.2.1.2 Illustrative Examples 219 4.2.2 Dual-Band and Multiband Components 225 4.2.2.1 Principle for Dual-Band and Multiband Operation 227 4.2.2.2 Main Approaches for Dual-Band Device Design and Illustrative Examples 228 4.2.2.3 Quad-Band Devices based on Extended CRLH Transmission Lines 246 4.2.3 Filters and Diplexers 250 4.2.3.1 Stopband Filters based on SRR- and CSRR-Loaded Lines 250 4.2.3.2 Spurious Suppression in Distributed Filters 251 4.2.3.3 Narrow Band Bandpass Filters and Diplexers Based on Alternate Right-/Left-Handed Unit Cells 255 4.2.3.4 Compact Bandpass Filters based on the Hybrid Approach 258 4.2.3.5 Highpass Filters Based on Balanced CRLH Lines 270 4.2.3.6 Wideband Filters Based on OSRRs and OCSRRs 270 4.2.3.7 Elliptic Lowpass Filters Based on OCSRRs 277 4.2.4 Leaky Wave Antennas (LWA) 282 4.2.5 Active Circuits 290 4.2.5.1 Distributed Amplifiers 290 4.2.5.2 Dual-Band Recursive Active Filters 298 4.2.6 Sensors 300 4.3 Transmission Lines with Metamaterial Loading and Applications 303 4.3.1 Multiband Planar Antennas 304 4.3.1.1 Multiband Printed Dipole and Monopole Antennas 304 4.3.1.2 Dual-Band UHF-RFID Tags 310 4.3.2 Transmission Lines Loaded with Symmetric Resonators and Applications 314 4.3.2.1 Symmetry Properties: Working Principle for Sensors and RF Bar Codes 315 4.3.2.2 Rotation Displacement and Alignment Sensors 316 4.3.2.3 RF Bar Codes 324 References 327 5 Reconfigurable Tunable and Nonlinear Artificial Transmission Lines 339 5.1 Introduction 339 5.2 Materials Components and Technologies to Implement Tunable Devices 339 5.2.1 Varactor Diodes Schottky Diodes PIN Diodes and Heterostructure Barrier Varactors 340 5.2.2 RF-MEMS 342 5.2.3 Ferroelectric Materials 344 5.2.4 Liquid Crystals 346 5.3 Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterial Transmission Lines and Applications 347 5.3.1 Tunable Resonant-Type Metamaterial Transmission Lines 347 5.3.1.1 Varactor-Loaded Split Rings and Applications 347 5.3.1.2 Tunable SRRs and CSRRs Based on RF-MEMS and Applications 362 5.3.1.3 Metamaterial Transmission Lines Based on Ferroelectric Materials 375 5.3.2 Tunable CL-Loaded Metamaterial Transmission Lines 377 5.3.2.1 Tunable Phase Shifters 378 5.3.2.2 Tunable Leaky Wave Antennas (LWA) 381 5.4 Nonlinear Transmission Lines (NLTLs) 385 5.4.1 Model for Soliton Wave Propagation in NLTLs 386 5.4.2 Numerical Solutions of the Model 391 References 395 6 Other Advanced Transmission Lines 402 6.1 Introduction 402 6.2 Magnetoinductive-wave and Electroinductive-wave Delay Lines 402 6.2.1 Dispersion Characteristics 403 6.2.2 Applications: Delay Lines and Time-Domain Reflectometry-Based Chipless Tags for RFID 406 6.3 Balanced Transmission Lines with Common-Mode Suppression 411 6.3.1 Strategies for Common-Mode Suppression 411 6.3.1.1 Differential Lines Loaded with Dumbbell-Shaped Slotted Resonators 412 6.3.1.2 Differential Lines Loaded with CSRRs 412 6.3.2 CSRR- and DS-CSRR-Based Differential Lines with Common-Mode Suppression: Filter Synthesis and Design 414 6.3.3 Applications of CSRR and DS-CSRR-Based Differential Lines 418 6.3.3.1 Differential Line with Common-Mode Suppression 418 6.3.3.2 Differential Bandpass Filter with Enhanced Common-Mode Rejection 421 6.3.4 Balanced Filters with Inherent Common-Mode Suppression 421 6.3.4.1 Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on OSRRs and OCSRRs 423 6.3.4.2 Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on Mirrored SIRs 425 6.4 Wideband Artificial Transmission Lines 429 6.4.1 Lattice Network Transmission Lines 429 6.4.1.1 Lattice Network Analysis 430 6.4.1.2 Synthesis of Lattice Network Artificial Transmission Lines 434 6.4.1.3 The Bridged-T Topology 437 6.4.2 Transmission Lines Based on Non-Foster Elements 439 6.5 Substrate-Integrated Waveguides and Their Application to Metamaterial Transmission Lines 441 6.5.1 SIWs with Metamaterial Loading and Applications to Filters and Diplexers 444 6.5.2 CRLH Lines Implemented in SIW Technology and Applications 445 References 454 Appendix A. Equivalence between Plane Wave Propagation in Source-Free Linear Isotropic and Homogeneous Media; TEM Wave Propagation in Transmission Lines; and Wave Propagation in Transmission Lines Described by its Distributed Circuit Model 460 Appendix B. The Smith Chart 468 Appendix C. The Scattering Matrix 474 Appendix D. Current Density Distribution in a Conductor 480 Appendix E. Derivation of the Simplified Coupled Mode Equations and Coupling Coefficient from the Distributed Circuit Model of a Transmission Line 482 Appendix F. Averaging the Effective Dielectric Constant in EBG-Based Transmission Lines 484 Appendix G. Parameter Extraction 486 Appendix H. Synthesis of Resonant-Type Metamaterial Transmission Lines by Means of Aggressive Space Mapping 491 Appendix I. Conditions to Obtain All-Pass X-Type and Bridged-T Networks 503 Acronyms 505 Index 508

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Book SynopsisDesigned for microwave and RF engineers, this is a presentation of nonlinear microwave and RF circuits. It offers an understanding of the theory of nonlinear circuit analysis that they need for their work in the field. There is guidance on designing nonlinear circuits and modelling solid-state devices for nonlinear circuit analysis by computer, showing how characteristics of such models affect the analysis of these circuits. This second edition features new material, including critical discussions on nonlinear analysis of oscillators and design issues relating to RF (radio frequency) and wireless technology. More than 120 illustrations support key topics throughout the text.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction, Fundamental Concepts, and Definitions. Solid-State Device Modeling. Harmonic-Balance analysis. Volterra-Series and Power-Series Analysis. Balanced Circuits. Diode Mixers. Diode Frequency Multipliers. Small-Signal Amplifiers. Power Amplifiers. Active Frequency Multipliers. Active Mixers. Oscillators. Index.

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Book SynopsisGrounding is a widespread and serious problem in microwave and RF engineering and, up until now, there hasn't been a practical, authoritative resource dedicated to the topic. This first-of-its-kind volume offers professionals a comprehensive understanding of the proper grounding techniques to use when working on varied microwave circuit and antenna design projects. Practitioners learn what problems can occur when grounding design is inadequate, and how to avoid them. The book covers a wide range of critical topics, from the fundamentals of low frequency circuit theory and the differences between DC and RF short circuits...to grounding in active microwave component design and grounding issues related to antennas.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Electromagnetic Theory. Transmission Lines, Waveguides and Passive Circuits. Transmission Line Transitions. Active Microwave Devices and Circuits. Antennas. References. Index. Author Biography.

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Book SynopsisMicrowave tubes are vacuum electron devices used for the generation and amplification of radio frequencies in the microwave range. An established technology area, the use of tubes remains essential in the field today for high-power applications. The culmination of the author's 50 years of industry experience, this authoritative resource offers you a thorough understanding of the operations and major classes of microwave tubes. Minimizing the use of advanced mathematics, the book places emphasis on clear qualitative explanations of phenomena. This practical reference serves as an excellent introduction for newcomers to the field and offers established tube engineers a comprehensive refresher. Professionals find coverage of all major tube classifications, including klystrons, traveling wave tubes (TWTs), magnetrons, cross field amplifiers, and gyrotrons.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Static Fields Produced by Electrons. Electron Motion in Static Fields. Influence of Magnetic Field on Electron Motion. Thermionic Cathodes. Electron Guns. Electron Beams. Beam-Gap Interactions. Electron Bunching. Basic Klystrons and Their Operation. Special Purpose Klystrons. Traveling Wave Interaction. Wave Velocities and Dispersion. Helix TWTS. Coupled Cavity TWTS. Collectors. Crossed Field Tubes. Cathodes for Crossed Field Tubes. Magnetrons. Crossed-Field Amplifiers. Windows. Noise. Nonlinearities and Distortion. Breakdown and Protection. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisMorgan explores how progressive techniques, in the creation of sophisticated reflectionless filter topologies, can optimize filter responses and emphasises real-world applications and implementations. His book offers an insight into classical and Gaussian absorptive filters, diplexers, directional and hybrid-coupled filters. It presents tools for the creation of advance topology and focuses on passive microwave networks, multiplexers, two-port, filter transfer functions and transmission lines. This includes up/down converters, multiplier chains, broadband amplifiers, slope equalizers, and time domain applications.Table of ContentsPassive Microwave Networks; Classical Absorptive Filters; Foundations of Reflectionless Filters; Sub-Network Expansion; Duality Reduction; Generalized Reflectionless Filters; Transmission-Line Reflectionless Filters; Reflectionless Multiplexers; Applications of Reflectionless Filters; Tools for Advanced Topology Creation.

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Book SynopsisThis book explains techniques and examples for designing stable amplifiers for high-frequency applications, in which the signal is small and the amplifier circuit is linear. An in-depth discussion of linear network theory provides the foundation needed to develop actual designs. Examples throughout the book will show you how to apply the knowledge gained in each chapter leading to the complex design of low noise amplifiers. Exercises at the end of each chapter will help students to practice their skills. The solutions to these design problems are available in an accompanying solutions booklet (Small Signal Microwave Amplifier Design: Solutions).Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Introduction to Networks Chapter 3: Introduction to S-Parameters Chapter 4: S-Parameter Circuit Analysis Chapter 5: Narrowband Circuit Synthesis Chapter 6: Amplifier Design Chapter 7: Introduction to Broadband Matching Chapter 8: Introduction to Noise Chapter 9: Low Noise Amplifier Design Chapter 10: Summary

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Book SynopsisThis one-semester textbook teaches students Electromagnetic Waves, via an early introduction to Maxwell’s Equations in the first chapter. Mathematics fundamentals are used as needed, but rigor is de-emphasized in preference to understanding the basic ideas and principles of EM waves. Each chapter includes extensive, step-by-step, solved examples, as well as abundant exercises. Designed for a one-semester course in electromagnetic waves; Introduces Maxwell’s equations in the first chapter; De-emphasizes mathematical rigor in order to make key ideas and principles easy to understand; Makes material accessible to readers of varying backgrounds, with extensive use of solved examples; Includes abundant exercises for each chapter. Trade Review“The book includes a huge number of figures, a large number of exercises and a reasonable number of solved examples, which, altogether, help the reader to understand quickly the exposition.” (Luis Filipe Pinheiro de Castro, zbMATH 1455.78001, 2021)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Maxwell’s Equations.- Plane Waves and Wave Equations.- Characteristics and Parameters of EM Waves.- Boundary Conditions and Behavior of EM Waves.- Transmission Line.- Smith Chart.- Antenna.

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Book SynopsisA combination of the materials science, manufacturing processes, and pioneering research and developments of SiGe and strained-Si have offered an unprecedented high level of performance enhancement at low manufacturing costs. Encompassing all of these areas, Strained-Si Heterostructure Field Effect Devices addresses the research needs associated with the front-end aspects of extending CMOS technology via strain engineering. The book provides the basis to compare existing technologies with the future technological directions of silicon heterostructure CMOS.After an introduction to the material, subsequent chapters focus on microelectronics, engineered substrates, MOSFETs, and hetero-FETs. Each chapter presents recent research findings, industrial devices and circuits, numerous tables and figures, important references, and, where applicable, computer simulations. Topics covered include applications of strained-Si films in SiGe-based CMOS technology, electronic properties of biTable of ContentsIntroduction. Strain Engineering in Microelectronics. Strain-Engineered Substrates. Electronic Properties of Engineered Substrates. Gate Dielectrics on Engineered Substrates. Heterostructure SiGe/SiGeC MOSFETs. Strained-Si Heterostructure MOSFETs. Modeling and Simulation of Hetero-FETs.

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Book SynopsisAn integral part of any communications system, high-frequency and microwave design stimulates major progress in the wireless world and continues to serve as a foundation for the commercial wireless products we use every day. The exceptional pace of advancement in developing these systems stipulates that engineers be well versed in multiple areas of electronics engineering. With more illustrations, examples, and worked problems, High-Frequency and Microwave Circuit Design, Second Edition provides engineers with a diverse body of knowledge they can use to meet the needs of this rapidly progressing field.The book details the modulation and demodulation of circuits and relates resonant circuits to practical needs. The author provides a logical progression of material that moves from medium frequencies to microwave frequencies. He introduces rectangular waveguides as high-pass devices and explains conditions under which dielectric breakdown may limit the amount of power thatTable of ContentsFrom Lumped to Distributed Parameters. Waveguides. Impedance Matching Techniques. Scattering Coefficients of Twoports. Selective Circuits and Oscillators. Modulation and Demodulation Circuitry. Thermal Noise and Amplifier Noise Figure. Antennas and Antenna Systems. Appendix

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Book SynopsisEddy currents, soâcalled owing to their general shape like eddies, manifest as induced currents in all metallic â magnetic or nonâmagnetic â regions exposed to time varying or generally alternating magnetic fields whether of power or higher frequencies. It is imperative to apply appropriate analyses to assess the magnitude and consequences of induced eddy currents as required. Therefore, book aims at a comprehensive study of various aspects of eddy currents, from a detailed account of the basic phenomenon to their utilization in various applications, and their detrimental effects, esp. in large Turbogenerators. It gives detailed description of the finiteâelement technique(s) developed by the author to analyse the steadyâstate and transient heating of key regions of turbogenerators of ratings from 120 MW to 500 MW when exposed to negativeâsequence currents under unbalanced fault conditions.Table of ContentsEddy Currents. The Eddy Currents. Eddy-current and Power Loss. Utilisation of Eddy Currents. Eddy Currents and Turbogenerators. Finite Elements for Eddy Current Analyses. Finite Elements: General. Finite Element Solution of Representative Problems. Finite Elements for Turbogenerator Problems. Finite Element Analysis Applied to Turbogenerators. Finite Element Analysis of Eddy Currents in TGs and Temperature Rise. The Model Turbogenerator– General. The Model Turbogenerator – Representative Studies. Case Studies of Large Turbogenerators. Appendices. References and Bibliography. Subject Index. Author Index.

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Book SynopsisUncover the Defects that Compromise Performance and ReliabilityAs microelectronics features and devices become smaller and more complex, it is critical that engineers and technologists completely understand how components can be damaged during the increasingly complicated fabrication processes required to produce them.A comprehensive survey of defects that occur in silicon-based metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technologies, this book also discusses flaws in linear bipolar technologies, silicon carbide-based devices, and gallium arsenide materials and devices. These defects can profoundly affect the yield, performance, long-term reliability, and radiation response of microelectronic devices and integrated circuits (ICs). Organizing the material to build understanding of the problems and provide a quick reference for scientists, engineers and technologists, this text reviews yield- and performance-limitiTable of ContentsDefects in Ultra-Shallow Junctions. Hydrogen-Related Defects in Silicon, Germanium, and Silicon–Germanium Alloys. Defects in Strained-Si MOSFETs. The Effect of Defects on Electron Transport in Nanometer-Scale Electronic Devices: Impurities and Interface Roughness. Electrical Characterization of Defects in Gate Dielectrics. Dominating Defects in the MOS System: Pb and E0 Centers. Oxide Traps, Border Traps, and Interface Traps in SiO2. From 3D Imaging of Atoms to Macroscopic Device Properties. Defect Energy Levels in HfO2 and Related High-K Gate Oxides. Spectroscopic Studies of Electrically Active Defects in High-k Gate Dielectrics. Defects in CMOS Gate Dielectrics. Negative Bias Temperature Instabilities in High-k Gate Dielectrics. Defect Formation and Annihilation in Electronic Devices and the Role of Hydrogen. Toward Engineering Modeling of Negative Bias Temperature Instability. Wear-Out and Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown in Silicon Oxides. Defects Associated with Dielectric Breakdown in SiO2-Based Gate Dielectrics. Defects in Thin and Ultrathin Silicon Dioxides. Structural Defects in SiO2–Si Caused by Ion Bombardment. Impact of Radiation-Induced Defects on Bipolar Device Operation. Silicon Dioxide–Silicon Carbide Interfaces: Current Status and Recent Advances. Defects in SiC. Defects in Gallium Arsenide. Appendix: Selected High-Impact Journal Articles on Defects in Microelectronic Materials and Devices.

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Book SynopsisWritten by recognized leaders in this dynamic and rapidly expanding field, Indium Nitride and Related Alloys provides a clear and comprehensive summary of the present state of knowledge in indium nitride (InN) research. It elucidates and clarifies the often confusing and contradictory scientific literature to provide valuable and rigorous insight into the structural, optical, and electronic properties of this quickly emerging semiconductor material and its related alloys. Drawing from both theoretical and experimental perspectives, it provides a thorough review of all data since 2001 when the band gap of InN was identified as 0.7 eV. The superior transport and optical properties of InN and its alloys offer tremendous potential for a wide range of device applications, including high-efficiency solar cells and chemical sensors. Indeed, the now established narrow band gap nature of InN means that the InGaN alloys cover the entire solar spectrum and InAlN alloysTable of ContentsMolecular-beam epitaxy of InN 1. Thermal stability, surface kinetics, and MBE growth diagrams for N- and In-face InN. Polarity-dependent epitaxy control of InN, InGaN and InAlN. InN in brief: Conductivity and chemical trends. Transport properties of InN. Electronic states in InN and lattice dynamics of InN and InGaN. Optical properties of InN and related alloys. Theory of InN bulk band structure. Ellipsometry of InN and related alloys. Electronic properties of InN and InGaN: Defects and doping. Theory of native point defects and impurities in InN. Surface electronic properties of InN and related alloys. Theory of InN surfaces. Structure of InN and InGaN: Transmission electron microscopy studies. InN-based dilute magnetic semiconductors. InN-based low dimensional structures. InN nanocolumns.

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Book SynopsisElectric Field Analysis is both a student-friendly textbook and a valuable tool for engineers and physicists engaged in the design work of high-voltage insulation systems. The text begins by introducing the physical and mathematical fundamentals of electric fields, presenting problems from power and dielectric engineering to show how the theories are put into practice. The book then describes various techniques for electric field analysis and their significance in the validation of numerically computed results, as well as: Discusses finite difference, finite element, charge simulation, and surface charge simulation methods for the numerical computation of electric fields Provides case studies for electric field distribution in a cable termination, around a post insulator, in a condenser bushing, and around a gas-insulated substation (GIS) spacer Explores numerical field calculation for electric field optimization, demonstrating contour correctioTrade Review"… very useful to teachers and students in classes on applications of the theory, numerical analyses, and practice of using the electric field for practical electric power applications that benefit mankind, such as avoiding electrical breakdown in high-voltage systems. … The book begins at the senior undergraduate level in developing the fundamentals of electric field physics and applications, … [and] then continues on to advanced numerical methods valuable to graduate students and practitioners."—Markus Zahn, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA "… gives clear and precise description of the state of the art in electric field analysis. … the book comes along with software for the computation of capacitive as well as capacitive-resistive electric fields."Prof. Dr.-Ing. Josef Kindersberger, Technische Universität München, Institute for High Voltage Engineering and Switchgear Technology"A unique book for understanding electric fields and its computation with particular emphasis to problems and configurations typically encountered by high voltage engineers while designing and building power apparatus and electric insulation systems. The coverage is comprehensive, up to date, and spans the entire spectrum thus making it an ideal book for both undergraduate and graduate students." —Professor L. Satish, HV Lab, Dept of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore "This is a very intriguing book, because it adds a great deal of practical insight into otherwise cold and lifeless equations and theory. It was a pleasure to review it and enjoy many of the applied examples using the theory presented in the first part of the book." —IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, May/June 2016 Table of ContentsFundamentals of Electric Field. Gauss’s Law and Related Topics. Orthogonal Coordinate Systems. Single-Dielectric Configurations. Dielectric Polarization. Electrostatic Boundary Conditions. Multi-Dielectric Configurations. Electrostatic Pressures on Boundary Surfaces. Method of Images. Sphere or Cylinder in Uniform External Field. Conformal Mapping. Graphical Field Plotting. Numerical Computation of Electric Field. Numerical Computation of High-Voltage Field by Finite Difference Method. Numerical Computation of High-Voltage Field by Finite Element Method. Numerical Computation of High-Voltage Field by Charge Simulation Method. Numerical Computation of High-Voltage Field by Surface Charge Simulation Method. Numerical Computation of Electric Field in High-Voltage System - Case Studies. Electric Field Optimization.

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Book SynopsisThe accurate design of earthspace systems requires a comprehensive understanding of the various propagation media and phenomena that differ depending on frequencies and types of applications. The choice of the relevant channel models is crucial in the design process and constitutes a key step in performance evaluation and testing of earthspace systems. The subject of this book is built around the two characteristic cases of satellite systems: fixed satellites and mobile satellite systems.Radio Wave Propagation and Channel Modeling for EarthSpace Systems discusses the state of the art in channel modeling and characterization of next-generation fixed multiple-antennas and mobile satellite systems, as well as propagation phenomena and fade mitigation techniques. The frequencies of interest range from 100 MHz to 100 GHz (from VHF to W band), whereas the use of optical free-space communications is envisaged.Examining recent research advances in space-timeTable of ContentsNext-Generation MIMO Satellite Systems: From Channel Modeling to System Performance Evaluation. Propagation Phenomena and Modeling for Fixed Satellite Systems: Evaluation of Fade Mitigation Techniques. Mobile Satellite Channel Characterization. Land Mobile Satellite Channel Models. Propagation Effects on Satellite Navigation Systems. Tropospheric Attenuation Synthesizers. Review of Space–Time Tropospheric Propagation Models. Impact of Clouds from Ka Band to Optical Frequencies. Aeronautical Communications Channel Characteristics and Modeling: From Legacy toward Future Satellite Systems. Stratospheric Channel Models. Index.

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Book SynopsisElectromagnetics for Electrical Machines offers a comprehensive yet accessible treatment of the linear theory of electromagnetics and its application to the design of electrical machines. Leveraging valuable classroom insight gained by the authors during their impressive and ongoing teaching careers, this text emphasizes concepts rather than numerical methods, providing presentation/project problems at the end of each chapter to enhance subject knowledge. Highlighting the essence of electromagnetic field (EMF) theory and its correlation with electrical machines, this book: Reviews Maxwell's equations and scalar and vector potentials Describes the special cases leading to the Laplace, Poisson's, eddy current, and wave equations Explores the utility of the uniqueness, generalized Poynting, Helmholtz, and approximation theorems Discusses the SchwarzChristoffel transformation, as well as the determination of airgap permeance AddreTrade Review"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done."— Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India "The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwell’s equations to Laplace’s equation, Poisson’s equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines."— Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A&M University"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the user’s basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior."— Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor "… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done."—Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India "… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done."—Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India "The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwell’s equations to Laplace’s equation, Poisson’s equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines."—Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A&M University"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the user’s basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior."—Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor Table of ContentsIntroduction. Review of Field Equations. Theorems, Revisited. Laplacian Fields. Eddy Currents in Magnetic Cores. Laminated-Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines. Un-Laminated Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines. Case Studies. Numerical Computation. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisText provides information about advanced OTFT (Organic thin film transistor) structures, their modeling and extraction of performance parameters, materials of individual layers, their molecular structures, basics of pi-conjugated semiconducting materials and their properties, OTFT charge transport phenomena and fabrication techniques. It includes applications of OTFTs such as single and dual gate OTFT based inverter circuits along with bootstrap techniques, SRAM cell designs based on different material and circuit configurations, light emitting diodes (LEDs). Besides this, application of dual gate OTFT in the logic gate, shift register, Flip-Flop, counter circuits will be included as well.Trade Review"The book covers both the fundamental aspects of the operating principles of organic electronic devices, as well as their applications in digital circuit design. The book is written in an attractive textbook format with problems at the end of each chapter making the book suitable as a textbook in both undergraduate and graduate level courses. This book will be an excellent addition to university library collections."— Christine Luscombe, University of Washington, USATable of Contents1.Introduction. 2. OTFT Parameters, Structures, Models, Materials, Fabrication, and Applications: A Review. 3. Analytical Modeling and Parameter Extraction of Top and Bottom Contact Structures of Organic Thin-Film Transistors. 4. Impact of Semiconductor and Dielectric Thicknesses on the Performance of Top and Bottom Contact Organic Thin-Film Transistors. 5. Organic Light-Emitting Transistors. 6. Static and Dynamic Analysis of Organic All-p, Organic Complementary, and Hybrid Complementary Inverter Circuits. 7. Robust Organic Inverters and NAND/NOR Logic Circuits Based on Single and Dual Gate OTFTs. 8. Digital Circuit Designs Based on Single and Dual Gate Organic Thin-Film Transistors Using Diode Load Logic and Zero-Vgs Load Logic Configurations. 9. Static Random Access Memory Cell Design Based on All-p Organic, Hybrid, and Complementary Organic Thin-Film Transistors. 10. Applications and Future Perspectives. 11. Appendix A: Simulation Examples. 12. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis handbook addresses the development of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly solid-state light sources, in particular semiconductor light emitting diodes (LEDs) and other solid-state lighting devices. It reflects the vast growth of this field and impacts in diverse industries, from lighting to communications, biotechnology, imaging, and medicine. The chapters include coverage of nanoscale processing, fabrication of LEDs, light diodes, photodetectors and nanodevices, characterization techniques, application, and recent advances. Readers will obtain an understanding of the key properties of solid-state lighting and LED devices, an overview of current technologies, and appreciation for the challenges remaining. The handbook will be useful to material growers and evaluators, device design and processing engineers, newcomers, students, and professionals in the field.Table of ContentsOVERVIEW. From the dawn of GaN-based light-emitting devices to the present day. Spectrum-related quality of white-light sources. Nanofabrication of III-nitride emitters for solid-state lighting. III-nitride deep-ultraviolet materials and applications. GAN-BASED LEDS FOR LIGHTING. Efficiency droop of nitride-based light-emitting diodes. Design and fabrication of patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) for GaN-based light-emitting diodes. Surface Plasmon Coupled Light-Emitting Diodes. Deep level traps in GaN epilayer and LED. Photoluminescence Dynamics in InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well Light-Emitting Diodes. DEEP ULTRAVIOLET LEDS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES. Technological developments of UV-LEDs. Influence of carrier localization on efficiency droop and stimulated emission in AlGaN quantum wells. Solar-blind AlGaN devices. LASER DIODES. Laser diode-driven white light sources. InGaN laser diodes by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. GaN-based blue and green laser diodes. NANO AND OTHER TYPES OF LEDS. Photonic Crystal Light-Emitting Diodes by Nanosphere Lithography. ZnO-based LEDs. Natural Light-Style Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVELOPMENTS. III-Nitride Semiconductor LEDs Grown on Si and Stress Control of GaN Epitaxial. A hole accelerator for III-nitride light-emitting diodes. MOCVD growth of GaN on foundry compatible 200 mm Si. Terahertz spectroscopy study of III-V nitrides. Internal luminescence mechanisms of III-nitride LEDs. Fabrication of thin film nitride-based light-emitting diodes.

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Book SynopsisThe Nano Science and Technology Institute (NSTI) have built a tradition of being the most prestigious forum in the world for leading Nano Scientists. NSTI provides Nano Scientists with up-to-date global perspective on the latest developments in nanotechnology. This volume outlines the latest developments in: Energy Storage, Fuel Cells & Hydrogen, Nanomaterials for Catalysis,, Materials for Oil, Gas & Biofuels, Carbon Capture & Utilization, Solar Power Technologies, Materials for Green Building, Water Technologies, Materials for Sustainability & Efficiency.

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Book SynopsisThe second edition offers an update on the single most comprehensive survey of the two intertwined fields of spintronics and magnetism, covering the diverse array of materials and structures, including silicon, organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and engineered nanostructures. It focuses on seminal pioneering work, together with the latest in cutting-edge advances, notably extended discussion of two-dimensional materials beyond graphene, topological insulators, skyrmions, and molecular spintronics. The main sections cover physical phenomena, spin-dependent tunneling, control of spin and magnetism in semiconductors, and spin-based applications.

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Book SynopsisBridging condensed matter physics, photochemistry, photophysics, and materials science, Electromagnetic Radiation in Analysis and Design of Organic Materials: Electronic and Biotechnology Applications covers physical properties of materials in the presence of radiation from across the electromagnetic spectrum. It describes the optical, spectral, thermal, and morphological properties of a wide range of materials and their practical implications in electronic and biotechnologies. It discusses recent advances in the use of radiation in analysis of materials and design for advanced applications. The book contains experimental and theoretical issues that reflect the impact of radiation on materials characteristics highlighting their ease of analysis or adaptation for applications as optical filters, drug delivery systems, antimicrobial layers, amphetamine detectors, or liquid crystal displays.Trade Review"The selection of the topics is quite good, as it discusses the interaction of a large array of compounds with the electromagnetic radiation. The general topic is very useful, as these interactions yield very useful information, for both qualitative and quantitative analysis, although they are nondestructive techniques."— Mirela Praisler, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania"This book can represent a good text book for senior-undergraduate and post-graduate students or experienced professionals that are looking to specialize in using the electromagnetic radiation in the analysis and processing of the various materials."— George Amarandei, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland"Authors provide a well-structured and self-contained book, yet concise, focused on selected topics related to the interactions of the electromagnetic radiations with organic matter, from small molecules to macromolecules and biological polymers. Each chapter addresses a specific subject and can be read it independently and in any order. The multidisciplinary approach supported by different methods of investigations and modern methods of analysis is a main strength of the content of the book. The accessible style used in explaining the complicated phenomena is of great advantage for the readers." — Cristina Stan, University of Bucharest, Romania"This is a well-structured and comprehensive book on a very important and relevant topic of modern physics and medicine. The book focuses on selected topics of interactions of electromagnetic radiation with organic matter, from small molecules to macromolecules and biological polymers. The multidisciplinary approach supported by different methods of investigations and modern methods of analysis is an important strength of the book. The accessible style used in explaining the complicated phenomena is of great advantage for the readers."— Codrina Ionita-Schrittwieser, University of Innsbruck, AustriaTable of ContentsPart I. Interactions of Electromagnetic Radiations with Low Molecular Weight Materials. Spectral Methods in Estimating Molecular Polarizability in Non-Polar Solvents. Solvatochromic Behavior of Ternary Solutions of Some 1, 2, 4-Triazolium Ylids. Spectral Insights on Intermolecular Interactions in Solutions of Some Zwitterionic Compounds. Relevance of the Molecular Descriptors for the Modeling/Discrimination of Amphetamines using Artificial Neural Network. Methods for Evaluation of Light Double Refraction in Transparent Uniax Anisotropic Media using the Channeled Spectra. New Approaches on Birefringence Dispersion of Small-Molecule Liquid Crystals Designed as Interferential Optical Filters. Novel Aspects on Optical Radiations Involvement in Analysis of Biaxial Crystals Optical Properties. Part II. Interactions of Electromagnetic Radiations with Macromolecular Materials. Designing Antimicrobial Properties on Urinary Catheter Surfaces by Interaction with Plasma Radiation and Particles. Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Polymer Materials Used in Biomedical Applications. Role of UV-VIS Radiations in Analysis of Polymer Systems for Drug Delivery Applications. Interaction of Radiations with Stretched Polymer Foils in Controlling the Release of a Drug for Alzheimer Disease. Structuring of Polymer Surfaces via Laser Irradiation as a Tool for Micro- and Nanotechnologies. Liquid Crystal Polymers under Mechanical and Electromagnetic Fields: From Basic Concepts to Modern Technologies.

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Book SynopsisEach chapter in this book is written by a group of leading experts in one particular type of microprobe technique. They emphasize the ability of that technique to provide information about small structures (i.e. quantum dots, quantum lines), microscopic defects, strain, layer composition, and its usefulness as diagnostic technique for device degradation. Different types of probes are considered (electrons, photons and tips) and different microscopies (optical, electron microscopy and tunneling). It is an ideal reference for post-graduate and experienced researchers, as well as for crystal growers and optoelectronic device makers.Table of Contents1. Photoluminescence Imaging2. MicroRaman Spectroscopy of Semiconductors: Principles and Applications3. Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy of Semiconductor Nanostructures4. Cross-sectional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Heterostructures5. Application of Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study Interfaces in Optoelectronic Materials6. Electron Beam Induced Luminescence Studies of Low-dimensional Semiconductor Structures7. X-ray Topography8. Selective Etching and Complementary Microprobe Techniques (SFM, EBIC)

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Book SynopsisThe first part of a comprehensive overview of fundamental optical properties of III-nitride semiconductors. All optoelectronic applications based on III-nitrides are due to their unique optical properties and characterizations of III-nitrides. Much information, which is critical to the design and improvement of optoelectronic devices based on III-nitrides has been obtained in the last several years. This is the first of a two part Volume in the series Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors and Superlattices.Trade Review""This essential book...is the first to present a systematic, comprehensive overview of the optical properties of III-nitride semiconductors...""The style of writing is engagin, which makes the book easily accessible to anyone involved in the development of optoelectronic devices, optical spectroscopy or new materials research."-Mircea Dragoman, National Research Institute in Microtechnology, Bucharest, Romania.."Book ReviewsOptics & Photonics News, June 2004Table of ContentsIntroductionChapter One: Time-resolved Photoluminescence Studies of III-NitridesChapter Two: Time-resolved Raman Studies of Wide bandgap Wurtzite GaNChapter Three: Optical Properties of InGaN Based III-Nitride HeterostructuresChapter Four: Optical Properties of Homeopitaxial GaNChapter Five: Physics and Optical Properties of GaN/InGaN Quantum WellsChapter Six: Characterization of GaN and Related Alloys by Raman ScatteringChapter Seven: Raman Studies of Wurtzite GaN and Related CompoundsChapter Eight: Light Emission from Rare Earth Doped GaN

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Book SynopsisThis second part presents a comprehensive overview of fundamental optical properties of the III Nitride Semiconductor. All optoelectronic applications based on III-nitrides are due to their unique optical properties and characterizations of III-nitrides. Much information, which is critical to the design and improvement of optoelectronic devices based on III-nitrides has been obtained in the last several years. This is the second of a two part Volume in the seriesOptoelectronic Properties of Semiconductors and Superlattices.Table of ContentsChapter One: Optical Spectroscopy of Highly Excited Group III-Nitrides Chapter Two: Optical Constraints of III-Nitrides-Experiments Chapter Three: Optical Functions of III-Nitrides-Calculations Chapter Four: Interband Optical Transitions in Piezo-Strained InGaN Qunatum Wells Chapter Five: Electric Fields in Polarized InGaN/GaN Heterostructures Chapter Six: Inter-link Between Structural and Optical Properties of GaN and GaN/AIGaN Heterostructures Chapter Seven: LO Phonon Assisted Excition Luminescence Processes in Heteroepitaxial GaN Films Chapter Eight: Cubic Phase GaN and AIGaN: Expitaxial Growth and Optical Properties

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Book SynopsisThis volume is focused on the growth techniques for III-Nitrides featuring chapters written by leading experts in the field. This unique volume provides a comprehensive review and introduction to growth issues, substrates and characterization of GaN and related compounds for newcomers to the field and stimulus for further advances for experienced researchers. The technical chapters in this volume are focused on various aspects of growth modes, growth techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, epitaxial lateral overgrowth, hydride vapor phase epitaxial growth, as well as substrate issues and characterization results.Table of ContentsChapter One: Reduction of Dislocation Density in GaN Films Formed by Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth Chapter Two: Lateral and Pendo-Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of Thin Films of GaN and AIGaN Alloys on SIC(0001) and Si(111) Substrates Chapter Three: Spatially Resolved Optical Characterization of GaN Structures Produced by Selective Area Epitaxy and Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth Chapter Four: Selective Area Growth of Gallium Nitride on ?-AI2O3 and Silicon Substrates Using Oxidized Aluminum Arsenide Chapter Five: Homo and Hetero-Epitaxial MOVPE Growth of GaN Chapter Six: Hydride Vapour Phase Epitaxial Growth of Thick GaN Layers Chapter Seven: Growth Modes and Strain Relaxation Mechanisms of Nitrides in Molecular Beam Epitaxy: From 2D to 3D Growth Mode Chapter Eight: Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Group-III Nitrides Chapter Nine: "Growth and Characterization of MBE-grown Cubic GaN, InxGa1-xN and AIyGa1-yN" Chapter Ten: Growth of III_V Nitrides by Pulsed Laser Deposition Chapter Eleven: Influence of the Growth Mode on the physical Properties of GaN Grown by MetalOrganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy Chapter Twelve: Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-based Nitrides and Related Devices on Silicon Substrates Chapter 13: Metalorganic Vapor Phase Change Epitaxy Grown Hexagonal GaN and AIGaN for UV-Visible-Blind Photodetector Device Applications Chapter 14: Epitaxial Growth of Wurtzite GaN and Ternary Compounds

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Book SynopsisThe discovery of high-temperature superconductivity [1986] by Bendnorz and Müller in the La-BA-Cu-O system resulted in very extensive research work about the discovery and synthesis of other high-temperature superconductors, such as Y-BA-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O. These new superconducting materials, possessing superconductivity above liquid nitrogen boiling point, are used in many engineering applications, from electronic sensors to rotating electrical generators and from nanometer-scale thin films to kilometer-long wires and coils. Therefore, design and net-shape manufacturing of superconducting components, starting from the initial synthesized powders, is now of utmost industrial importance.This book is primarily focused on the bulk-fabrication techniques of high-temperature ceramic superconducting components, especially on the combination of dynamic powder-consolidation and subsequent deformation processing. The properties of these ceramics, which are difficult-to-form materials by applying conventional techniques, are combined for the net-shape manufacturing of such components for the construction of HTS devices. However, very important topics such as superconducting structures, chemical synthesis, film fabrication and characterization techniques are also reviewed to provide a complete, comprehensive view of superconductors engineering.Table of ContentsForeword, Bernard Raveau, CRISMAT Laboratory, France. Preface. Introduction. Fundamentals of Superconductors. Synthesis of Ceramic Superconductors. Impact Loading of Solid Porous Media. Fabrication of Bulk HTS. Fabrication of HTS Films. Characterization of HTS Powders and Components. Industrial Applications. Future Perspectives of High-Tc Superconductivity.

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Book SynopsisFirst introduced about a decade ago, the first edition of the Handbook of Semiconductor Interconnection Technology became widely popular for its thorough, integrated treatment of interconnect technologies and its forward-looking perspective. The field has grown tremendously in the interim and many of the "likely directions" outlined in the first edition are now standard in modern facilities. Reflecting those advances, this edition delves into the practical aspects of interconnections for manufacturing. It examines the interconnect and fabrication technologies now available, with an examination of future prospects for the field.What's in this Edition:Detailed discussion of electrochemical equipment for plating copper Information on tools used for evaporation, chemical vapor deposition, and plasma processes Emphasis on measurement of mechanical and thermal properties of insulators Methods for characterizing porous dielectric thin films Greater focus on integration issues and properties of titanium, cobalt, and nickel silicides Process schemes based on the increased need for borderless contact gates and source/drain Expanded discussion on choices for low-dielectric insulators Concentration on electroplated copper, especially morphology of plated films and their properties Developments in thin film liners and barriers Expanded material on copper reliability Table of ContentsMethods/Principles of Deposition and Etching; Geraldine Cogin Schwartz. Characterization; Geraldine Cogin Schwartz. Semiconductor Contact Technology; David R. Campbell, revised by Catherine Ivers. Interlevel Dielectrics; Geraldine Cogin Schwartz and K.V. Sriksrishnan. Metallization; Geraldine Cogin CSchwartz and K.V. Srikrishnan. Chip Integration; Geraldine Cogin Schwartz and K.V. Srikrishnan. Reliability; James R. Lloyd and Kenneth P. Rodbell. Index.

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Book SynopsisDie 2-bändige Einführung präsentiert die Elektrotechnik als ein Gesamtgebiet, das nach einheitlichen Prinzipien beschrieben werden kann. Band 1 umfasst stationäre Vorgänge in elektrischen Netzwerken und die Grundgesetze elektromagnetischer Felder: Gleichstromnetzwerke, elektrische Erscheinungen in Leitern und Nichtleitern, Magnetismus, elektromagnetische Induktion, Kräfte und Energiewandlung. Konzipiert für Bachelor-Studierende, bietet das Lehrbuch eine klare Struktur und Didaktik: mit Lernzielen, Merksätzen, Lösungsstrategien und Kontrollfragen.Table of ContentsDas elektrische Feld.- Das elektrostatische Feld, elektrische Erscheinungen in Nichtleitern.- Das magnetische Feld.- Energie und Leistung elektromagnetischer Erscheinungen.- Elektromechanische Aktoren.- Analogien zwischen elektrischen und nichtelektrischen Systemen.- A.1 Verzeichnis der wichtigsten Symbole.- A.2 Literaturverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisNanoscale materials are showing great promise in various electronic, optoelectronic, and energy applications. Silicon (Si) has especially captured great attention as the leading material for microelectronic and nanoscale device applications. Recently, various silicides have garnered special attention for their pivotal role in Si device engineering and for the vast potential they possess in fields such as thermoelectricity and magnetism. The fundamental understanding of Si and silicide material processes at nanoscale plays a key role in achieving device structures and performance that meet real-world requirements and, therefore, demands investigation and exploration of nanoscale device applications. This book comprises the theoretical and experimental analysis of various properties of silicon nanocrystals, research methods and techniques to prepare them, and some of their promising applications.Table of ContentsIn situ Observations of Vapor–Liquid–Solid Growth of Silicon Nanowires. Growth of Germanium, Silicon, and Ge–Si Heterostructured Nanowires. Transition Metal Silicide Nanowires: Synthetic Methods and Applications. Metal Silicide Nanowires: Growth and Properties. Formation of Epitaxial Silicide in Silicon Nanowires. Interaction between Inverse Kirkendall Effect and Kirkendall Effect in Nanoshells and Nanowires. Electrical Transport Properties of Doped Silicon Nanowires. Silicon Nanowires and Related Nanostructures as Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. Porous Silicon Nanowires. Nanoscale Contact Engineering for Si Nanowire Devices. Index.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive overview, this book focuses on two directions of study: discovery of new effects that take place in magnetic wires and optimization of the magnetic, electrical, and mechanical properties of the wires, taking into account the technological application. The book presents the idea of moving to nanoscale, maintaining the achieved optimal parameters of microwires. While the focus remains on glass-covered wires of micrometer scale, it covers the first steps of the movement to "nano" range as an example of the versatility of the basic effects initially discovered for microscale.Table of ContentsKerr Effect as Method of Investigation of Magnetization Reversal in Magnetic Wires. Cold-Drawn Fe-Rich Amorphous Wire. Conventional Co-Rich Amorphous Wire. Interaction Between Glass-Covered Microwires. Circular Magnetic Bistability in Co-Rich Amorphous Microwires. Effect of High-Frequency Driving Current on Magnetization Reversal in Co-Rich Amorphous Microwires. Relation Between Surface Magnetization Reversal and Magnetoimpedance. Helical Magnetic Structure. Magnetization Reversal in Crossed Magnetic Field. Visualization of Barkhausen Jump. Magnetization Reversal in Glass-Covered Nanowires of Cylindrical Shape. Magnetic Domain-Wall Dynamics in Co-Rich Glass-Covered Microwires. Nucleation and Transformation of Circular Magnetic Domain Structure: Control of Domain Nucleation. Magnetization Reversal in Co-Rich Microwires with Different Values of Magnetostriction. Application of Magneto-Optical Indicator Film Method to Study Domain Magnetic Structure in Microwires.

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