Medical physics Books

Book SynopsisMedical X-ray equipment technology has evolved exponentially in the last decades, shifting steadily from analogue to digital radiology, from single slice to multidetector-row computed tomography or from fluoroscopy to complex angiography systems. This, however, comes with associated radiation risk for patients and staff. It is therefore vital that all X-ray equipment is monitored in terms of performance to ensure accurate and safe use. Quality control (QC) represents the basic level of managing safety and quality in diagnostic radiology. This publication compiles all existing QC tests in literature for all X-ray modalities. To facilitate the use of this handbook, spreadsheets and video tutorials have been developed to help with the execution of tests.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book aims to explain radiation from a somewhat different aspect than its traditional image as something that is scary, dangerous, hazardous, and so on, to produce the correct understanding that radiation is carrying energy, and to convince readers that radiation is not "scary" but controllable and useful. As for radiation itself, many introductions or textbooks have been published, as in radiochemistry, radiobiology, and radiology. In most of them, the biological effects of radiation exposure are the main subjects, which often enhance the feeling that radiation is dangerous, and the effects produced by lower-dose exposure that are difficult to see are hardly discussed. The present volume mainly focuses on how radiation carries energy, how energy is absorbed in substances as absorbed doses (Gy) or dose equivalents (Sv), how damages or risks appear with the absorbed dose and why the effects of the exposure appear quite differently, depending on properties of the substances that were exposed.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Preface to English edition Preface Chapter 1 Radiation carries energy 1-1 Is radiation scary? 1-2 What is written in this book 1-2-1 Radiation is carries energy 1-2-2 All physical and chemical phenomena accompany energy transfer 1-2-3 “EQ (radiation) exposure” means energy deposition (absorption) or energy transfer from EQ to an object 1-2-4 Deposited or absorbed energy in unit mass or volume are quite different depending the kind of EQ. 1-2-5 Units related to radiation, exposure and radiation measurements 1-2-5-1 Energy and power carried/deposited by EQ (radiation) (J or eV and W) 1-2-5-2 Absorbed dose and dose rate 1-2-5-3 Intensity of EQ or radioactivity 1-2-6 Intensity and energy of EQ (radiation) 1-3 Energy release from a material (Black body radiation and EQ emission) 1-4 EQ sources in nature 1-5 Energy transfer in physical and chemical phenomena 1-6 Radioactive materials and artificial EQ (radiation) sources 1-7 Summary Chapter 2 Radiation (EQ: Energy Quantum) 2-1 Introduction 2-2 Radiation is consisting of EQ 2-3 Sources of EQ and their intensity 2-3-1 Sources 2-3-2 Characteristics of radioisotopes as EQ sources 2-3-3 Geometry of EQ sources (point, planner, volumetric and spatial sources) 2-3-3-1 Point and volumetric sources 2-3-3-2 Planner source 2-3-3-3 Spatial source 2-3-4 Air dose rate 2-4 Energy deposition (absorption) given by EQ exposure 2-5 Energy absorption in living beings exposed to EQ 2-5-1 External exposure 2-5-2 Internal exposure 2-5-3 Absorbed dose, dose rate and dose equivalent 2-5-4 Conversion of units related to EQ exposure (Bq, Gy, Sv and effective dose) 2-6 Shielding and decontamination 2-7 Effects of EQ exposure on a human body Chapter 3 Sources of Energetic Quanta (EQ) (Radiation Sources) 3-1 Radioisotopes 3-1-1 Stable isotopes and radioisotopes 3-1-2 Emission of EQ from radioactive isotopes (Disintegration of radioisotopes) 3-1-3 Radioactive isotopes in nature 3-1-4 EQ exposure of human body in nature 3-1-5 EQ emitted from 131-iodine and 137-cesium and their exposure effects 3-2 Radiation from the sun 3-3 Nuclear reactors 3-4 Release of FPs from the Fukushima power plant after the accident 3-5 Artificial EQ sources 3-5-1 Accelerators 3-5-2 X-ray Generator 3-5-3 Lasers Chapter 4. Irradiation effects of EQ on materials (inorganic- and organic-materials, and living beings) 4-1 Evaluation of the effects of EQ exposure 4-1-1 There is no critical dose to distinguish secure and insecure 4-1-2 Definite and stochastic (probabilistic) effects of exposure 4-1-3 Evaluation of the effects of low-dose exposure and reduction of exposure 4-2 Irradiation effects of EQ on materials 4-2-1 Effects of EQ exposure on inorganic materials 4-2-1-1 Irradiation effects of metals 4-2-1-1-1 Damages caused by nuclear collisions 4-2-1-1-2 Damage caused by electron excitation 4-2-1-2 Irradiation effects of covalent and ionic bonding materials 4-2-2 Irradiation effects of organic materials 4-2-3 Irradiation effects of living beings - from molecular levels in cells, tissues to individuals – 4-3 Resilience to EQ exposure and recovery 4-4 Absorbed does (deposited energy) and volume exposed to EQ Chapter 5 Reduction of exposure, Contamination and Decontamination 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Distribution of EQ sources and their removal 5-3 External and internal exposures 5-4 Reduction of exposure to a human body 5-5 Resilience 5-5-1 Where and how large area are damaged or influence by EQ exposure. 5-5-2 Recovery of damages and resilience 5-5 Short-term and long-term exposure Chapter 6 Detection and measurement of EQ 6-1 Introduction 6-2 Determination of type, intensity and energy of EQ 6-2-1 Measurements of intensities 6-2-2 Accuracy of intensity measurements 6-2-3 Measurements of EQ energy 6-2-4 Calorimetry 6-2-5 Intensity (radio activity) of EQ source 6-3 Absorbed dose measurement 6-4 Visualization of EQ source distribution 6-5 Absorbed dose equivalent -accuracy and assessment of effects of EQ exposure- 6-5-1 Consideration of exposed dose equivalent (Sv) to use for the assessment of the effects of EQ exposure 6-5-2 Accuracy and number of significant figures in EQ measurements Chapter 7 Utilization of EQ 7-1 Introduction 7-2 Sterilization or disinfection 7-3 Medical purposes 7-4 Utilization of EQ energy 7-5 Radiometric dating (14C dating) 7-5 Use of radioisotopes as tracers Chapter 8 Energy and the History of the Earth 8-1 Introduction 8-2 Changes in the global environment 8-3 Development and Evolution of Life Chapter 9 Energy use and radiation 9-1 Introduction 9-2 Sources of energy 9-3 There's no energy to use for free 9-3 Fossil fuels are originally solar energy 9-4 Risks associated with energy use Bibliography (a) Introductory (b) Radiation and Radioactivity (c) Radiation Biology (d) Radiation Physics, Radiochemistry (e) Radiation Measurements (f) Radiation Hormesis (g) Radiation Use Appendix: Q and A relating radiation (EQ) Radiation is explained in a simple form of Q & A, which also serves as summary. Q1: What is radioactivity? Q2: What is radiation? Q3: What is a radiation source? Q4: Is light and radiation the same ?　 Q5: What are particles that carry energy? Q6: What kind of particles and light (photons) are included in radiation (EQ)? Q7: How do EQ move? Q8: What does radiation exposure mean? Q9: What do following units related to EQ exposure mean and how they are different with each other? Count rates (cps, cpm, cph), Becquerel (Bq), Gray (Gy) and Siebert (Sv) Q10: Is the exposure of 20 mSv dangerous? Q11: Does the EQ exposure make objects (substances and/or living beings) radioactive? Q12: Does a substance exposed to EQ glow? Q13: What is internal and external exposures? What is the difference? Q14: What happens on radioactive materials ingested into a body?

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book highlights the role of Biomedical Engineering (BME) used in diagnosis (e.g., body scanners) and treatment (radiation therapy and minimal access surgery in order to prevent various diseases). In recent years, an important progress has been made in the expansion of biomedical microdevices which has a major role in diagnosis and therapy of cancer. When fighting cancer, efficacy and speed are of the utmost importance. A recently developed microfluidic chip has enabled a breakthrough in testing the efficacy of specialized cancer drugs.Effective cancer-targeting therapies will require both passive and active targeting strategies and a thorough understanding of physiologic barriers to targeted drug delivery. Targeted cancer treatments in development and the new combinatorial approaches show promise for improving targeted anticancer drug delivery and improving treatment outcomes.This book discusses the advancements and innovations in the field of BME that improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This book is focused on bioengineering approaches to improve targeted delivery for cancer therapeutics, which include particles, targeting moieties, and stimuli-responsive drug release mechanisms. This book is a useful resource for students, researchers, and professionals in BME and medicine.Table of ContentsStrategies for Cancer Targeting: Novel Drug Delivery Systems Opportunities and Future Challenges.- Implementation of Biomedical Engineering Tools in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities.- Exploration of tissue-engineered systems for cancer research.- Advancement of Tissue Engineered in Cancer treatment.- Immunotherapy: Targeting Cancer Cells.- Bioinformatics Tools to Discover and Validate Cancer Biomarkers.- Application of Biomaterials in Cancer Research.- Engineered Tissue in Cancer Research: Techniques, Challenges and Current status.- CADD for Cancer Therapy: Current and Future Perspective.- Leveraging Advancement in Robotics in the Treatment of Cancer.-Innovative Biomedical Equipment for Diagnosis of Cancer.- Detection of Cancer Biomarker by Advanced Biosensor.- Advancement of Nanocarrier Based Engineering for Specific Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy.- Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Tumor-Targeting: Overcoming the Limitations of Chemotherapy.- Microfluidics and cancer treatment: Emerging concept of Biomedical Engineering.- Recent Developments In Two-Dimensional (2D) Inorganic Nanomaterials-Based Photo-Thermal Therapy for Cancer Theranostics.- Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges for Anti-Cancer Drug and Nutraceutical Delivery.- Theranostic Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: An Update.- MicroRNA Biomarkers for Oral Cancer: A Meta-Analytic Review.- Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer: Drug Delivery and Therapy.- Vehicles for Delivery of Therapeutic Agent for Cancer Therapy.- Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Treatment.- Tool and Techniques on Computer -Aided Drug Design for Targeted Cancer Therapy.- Importance of Gut Microbiome-based Therapeutics in Cancer Treatment.- Computational Tools for Drug Discovery of Anticancer Therapy.- Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer

Read more less

Book SynopsisBiomechanics of dental implant 3 dimensional bone assessment using cbct from laboratory to clinic.- Biomechanics of dental implant 3dimensional bone assessment.- Digital imaging and implant stability and finiteelement analysis of study preparation.- Biomechanical assessment based on clinical measurement.

Read more less