Medical microbiology and virology Books

Book SynopsisThis book will guide readers through the history of the flu. In ten chapters, it explains Influenza in a simple way. Influenza always seems to have endless topics. The flu virus, seemingly tiny, has brought on one disaster after another to human beings. 2018 is the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the '1918 Flu' that swept the world. The flu, a century ago, claimed nearly one-twentieth of human life on the planet. It became the most deadly flu in human history.This book introduces the past and present life of the influenza virus in a light-hearted way, leading the reader to review the past from the history of the flu, the development of the flu, human immunity and health, impacts on society and the country. Through touching stories, illustrations and diagrams, it tells the great discoveries and related advances in science and technology, introduces medical knowledge related to influenza, and reviews the medical effectiveness in preventing influenza, thus displaying the ongoing battle between humans and the flu virus.Looking back at the development of science and technology, humans have relentlessly sought the prevention and control of this infectious disease, constantly guarding the path of life and health, which gradually becomes a quiet past, but only to awaken again and again.

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Book SynopsisThis curated collection of scientific papers on the origin and global spread of COVID-19 is a unique project that offers explanations at odds with mainstream views as the theme mainly focuses on Panspermia (viruses, microorganisms and their spores, and cometary arrival of even more complex cellular organisms).No other scientific group has paid attention to the temporal unfolding scientific order at the many required levels of understanding — astrobiological and astrophysical, geographical and the temporal order of global proportions, yet regional epidemics, the immunologic dimensions to the infection and epidemic data, the genetics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as it adapted, varied and appeared in different human populations in the crucial first few months of the pandemic. This in-depth analysis, over a two-year period, allows a better understanding of what engulfed the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, how it happened and the most plausible way.There are many lessons for future generations that can be distilled from the contributions found in this book.

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Book SynopsisCOVID Chaos is a book about the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic that was written real time, spanning the time from March 31, 2020 through December 31, 2021, by two Emeritus Professors of Infectious Diseases (Adult - RJS, Pediatrics - JSA). RJS's and JSA's careers began with the HIV pandemic, involved collaboration with the 2009 Influenza pandemic, and now are finishing up with the Coronavirus pandemic. The authors have broad experience with outbreaks, from the local level (RJS had career long responsibilities for controlling outbreaks at medical school hospitals and worked taking care of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic), all the way up to the pandemic level (JSA wrote a book about the 2009 Influenza pandemic and has worked with the WHO for the past 10 years.The aim of the book is to give the reader some insight into the global impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak during the first two years, from multiple perspectives (patient, healthcare provider, global citizen, public health, economic, geopolitical). An attempt was also made to understand how SARS-CoV-2 caused disease, both its pathogenesis at the individual patient level, and globally, as to how it was so successful at causing a pandemic and how it compares with other organisms capable of causing outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics. It is written to be of interest to anyone who likes to read and wants to know more about what happened during the COVID-19 pandemic and why.COVID Chaos was written by two infectious disease physicians, who each have over 35 years of experience caring for patients with a large variety of infectious diseases. Additionally, both did research in understanding the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, and collectively have many years of experience handling outbreaks at the local level, have been involved with guideline documents making recommendations for reducing infections at the national level, and have global experience managing international infectious diseases.The book begins with three first person accounts from physicians involved in COVID-19 care during the early pandemic, when it was overwhelming hospitals.It then tracks its course from Wuhan, China, to other parts of the world, while comparing and contrasting public health interventions, both at the hospital and local community level, all the way up to country level.The book attempts to understand the broad spectrum of COVID-19 disease, both clinically and pathophysiologically, as well as its global collateral damage. It explores in depth SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development, testing and the geopolitical problems with vaccine deployment, and attempts to understand the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and its place in the pantheon of other organisms causing pandemics.The book concludes with some late breaking pandemic events at the end of 2021 (Omicron variant, etc.) and a global photo essay about the pandemic.

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Book SynopsisCOVID Chaos is a book about the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic that was written real time, spanning the time from March 31, 2020 through December 31, 2021, by two Emeritus Professors of Infectious Diseases (Adult - RJS, Pediatrics - JSA). RJS's and JSA's careers began with the HIV pandemic, involved collaboration with the 2009 Influenza pandemic, and now are finishing up with the Coronavirus pandemic. The authors have broad experience with outbreaks, from the local level (RJS had career long responsibilities for controlling outbreaks at medical school hospitals and worked taking care of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic), all the way up to the pandemic level (JSA wrote a book about the 2009 Influenza pandemic and has worked with the WHO for the past 10 years.The aim of the book is to give the reader some insight into the global impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak during the first two years, from multiple perspectives (patient, healthcare provider, global citizen, public health, economic, geopolitical). An attempt was also made to understand how SARS-CoV-2 caused disease, both its pathogenesis at the individual patient level, and globally, as to how it was so successful at causing a pandemic and how it compares with other organisms capable of causing outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics. It is written to be of interest to anyone who likes to read and wants to know more about what happened during the COVID-19 pandemic and why.COVID Chaos was written by two infectious disease physicians, who each have over 35 years of experience caring for patients with a large variety of infectious diseases. Additionally, both did research in understanding the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, and collectively have many years of experience handling outbreaks at the local level, have been involved with guideline documents making recommendations for reducing infections at the national level, and have global experience managing international infectious diseases.The book begins with three first person accounts from physicians involved in COVID-19 care during the early pandemic, when it was overwhelming hospitals.It then tracks its course from Wuhan, China, to other parts of the world, while comparing and contrasting public health interventions, both at the hospital and local community level, all the way up to country level.The book attempts to understand the broad spectrum of COVID-19 disease, both clinically and pathophysiologically, as well as its global collateral damage. It explores in depth SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development, testing and the geopolitical problems with vaccine deployment, and attempts to understand the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and its place in the pantheon of other organisms causing pandemics.The book concludes with some late breaking pandemic events at the end of 2021 (Omicron variant, etc.) and a global photo essay about the pandemic.

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Book SynopsisThis book summarizes the emerging trends in the field of antibiotic resistance of various gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species. The ability of different species of bacteria to resist the antimicrobial agent has become a global problem. As such, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in our understanding of the origin and mechanism of resistance, discusses the modern concept of the biochemical and genetic basis of antibacterial resistance and highlights the clinical and economic implications of the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens and their ecotoxic effects. It also reviews various strategies to curtail the emergence and examines a number of innovative therapeutic approaches, such as CRISPR, phage therapy, nanoparticles and natural antimicrobials, to combat the spread of resistance.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria.- Chapter 1.1. Era of antibiotic discovery.- Chapter 1.2. Emergence of antibiotic resistant microbes immediate after the discovery of antibiotics.- Chapter 1.3. Newly discovered antibiotics of 21st century.- Chapter 2. Impact of antibiotic resistant bacteria on different field.- Chapter 2.1. Antibiotic resistance: Role and pattern in different class of bacteria.- Chapter 2.2. Effect of drug resistant bacteria on agriculture, medical society, livestock and environment.- Chapter 3. Antibiotic resistance: Pattern and Mechanisms.- Chapter 3.1. Intrinsic antibiotic resistant mechanism in bacteria.- Chapter 3.2. Extrinsic antibiotic resistant mechanism in bacteria .- Chapter 3.3. Chemical mediated alteration of antibiotics.- Chapter 4.1. Novel strategies for overcoming of antibiotic resistant mechanisms.- Chapter 4.2. Collapsing of antibiotic resistance with the help of genetic approaches.- Chapter 4.3. Bacteriophage: A new hope for the control of antibiotic resistant bacteria.- Chapter 4.4. Nanotechnology: A 21st Century approach towards the control of antibiotic resistant bacteria.- Chapter 5. Future Prospects.

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Book Synopsis This book aims to introduce the latest research in gut microbiota by systematically summarizing how it modulates the pathogenesis of organ injury including alimentary tract injury, liver injury, lung injury, brain injury, renal injury, heart and vascular injury, endocrine disorders, immune responses and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during sepsis. Gut microbiota which is recognized as a new “organ” in the body has been demonstrated to be able to regulate the homeostasis of many organs. The key role played by gut microbiota is the hotspot in biomedical research nowadays. This book provides a state-of-the-art report on recent discoveries regarding the novel insight into the mechanisms of human diseases progression. It will also offer the overall picture of the pathophysiologic roles of gut microbiota. This book is helpful for graduate students and professional researchers to get the knowledge of frontiers in both gut microbiota and organ injury.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Gut microbiota and alimentary tract injury.- Gut microbiota and liver injury - Acute liver injury.- Gut microbiota and liver injury - Chronic liver injury.- Gut microbiota and lung injury.- Gut microbiota and brain injury.- Gut microbiota and renal injury.- Gut microbiota and heart, vascular injury.- Gut microbiota and endocrine disorders.- Gut microbiota and immune responses.- Gut microbiota and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

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Book SynopsisThe demand for traditional medicines, herbal health products, herbal pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food supplements and herbal cosmetics etc. is increasing globally due to the growing recognition of these products as mainly non-toxic, having lesser side effects, better compatibility with physiological flora, and availability at affordable prices. In the last century, medical science has made incredible advances all over the globe. In spite of global reorganization and a very sound history of traditional uses, the promotion of traditional medicine faces a number of challenges around the globe, primarily in developed nations. Regulation and safety is the high concern for the promotion of traditional medicine. Quality issues and quality control, pharmacogivilane, scientific investigation and validation, intellectual property rights, and biopiracy are some key issues that restrain the advancement of traditional medicine around the globe. This book contains diverse and unique chapters, explaining in detail various subsections like phytomolecule, drug discovery and modern techniques, standardization and validation of traditional medicine, and medicinal plants, safety and regulatory issue of traditional medicine, pharmaceutical excipients from nature, plants for future. The contents of the book will be useful for the academicians, researchers and people working in the area of traditional medicine.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Global Approach for Drug Discovery and Development from Indian Traditional Medicine.- Chapter 2. Bioactive Natural Leads TargetingCancer Cell Metabolism.- Chapter 3. Omics Technologies and Development of Anti-diabetic Therapies from Prospective Natural Products.- Chapter 4. Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids as Anti-inflammatory Agents Targeting Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway: Mechanisms and Prospects.- Chapter 5. Neurodegenerative Diseases and Small Molecule Protein Chaperone Activator of Natural Origin.- Chapter 6. Role of Phytomolecules on the Basic Biology of Aging.- Chapter 7. Role of phytomedicine in alleviating oxidative stress mediated vascular complications in diabetes.- Chapter 8. Plant Based -Secretase (BACE-1) Inhibitors: A Mechanistic Approach to Encounter Alzheimer's Disorder.- Chapter 9. Bioactive Compounds of Mangroves as Potent Drug and in Nanoparticle Synthesis - Play a Pivotal Role in Combating Human Pathogens. Chapter 10. Medicinal Plants: A Rich Source of Bioactive Molecules Used in Drug Development.- Chapter 11. Cell-based Assays in Natural Product-based Drug Discovery.- Chapter 12. Allelochemicals: An Emerging Tool for Weed Management.- Chapter 13. Secondary Metabolites of Higher Plants as Green Preservatives of Herbal Raw Materials and Their Active Principles During Postharvest Processing.- Chapter 14. Importance of Chromatography Techniques in Phytomedicine Research.- Chapter 15. Reverse Pharmacology – A Tool for Drug Discovery From Traditional Medicine.- Chapter 16. Role of Modern Biological Techniques in Evidence-Based Validation of Ayurvedic Herbometallic Preparations.- Chapter 17. HPTLC Fingerprinting analysis of Phytoconstituents from Indigenous Medicinal Plants.- Chapter 18. Climate Change,Geographical Location and Other Allied Triggering Factors Modulate the Standardization and Characterization of Traditional Medicinal Plants: AChallenges and Prospect for Phyto-Drug Development.- Chapter 19. Molecular Docking Studies of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds: A Comprehensive in silico Standardization Approach.- Chapter 20. Standardization and Quality Evaluation of Botanicals with Special Reference to Marker Components.- Chapter 21. Analytical Standardization of Haridra Formulation by UV-VIS Spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC.- Chapter 22. Ethnobotanical survey: the foundation to evidence based validation of medicinal plants.- Chapter 23. Phytotherapeutics: The Rising Role of Drug Transporters in Herb-Drug Interactions with Botanical Supplements.- Chapter 24. An Insight into Herb Interactions: Clinical Evidence Based Overview.- Chapter 25. Pharmacovigilance of Herbal Medicines: An Overview.- Chapter 26. Herbal Drugs: Efficacy, Toxicity and Safety Issues.- Chapter 27. Herbal Drug Patenting.- Chapter 28. Safety and Regulatory Issues on Traditional Medicine Entrusted Drug Discovery.- Chapter 29. Pharmacovigilance of Herbal Medicine: An Evolving Discipline.- Chapter 30. Toxicity Studies Related to Medicinal Plants.- Chapter 31. Herb-Drug Interactions.- Chapter 32. Plant Based Traditional Herbal Contraceptive Use in India: Safety and Regulatory Issues.- Chapter 33. Traditional Medicine Stability and Pharmacokinetic Issue.- Chapter 34. Pharmacovigilance: Methods in developing the safety and acceptability of traditional medicines.- Chapter 35. Zoopharmacognosy (Plant-Animal Interaction).- Chapter 36. Significance of Stability and Pharmacokinetic issues in Traditional Medicine.- Chapter 37. Pharmaceutical Formulations Development Based on the Polymers Obtained from Edible Plants: An Excellent Approach for the Betterment in Health Care Services.- Chapter 38. Evaluation of bioactivity of green nanoparticles synthesized from traditionally used medicinal plants: a review.- Chapter 39. Physicochemical, Micromeritics, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Assam Bora Rice Starch.- Chapter 40. Natural Excipients in Pharmaceutical Formulations.- Chapter 41. A Wonder Plant Withania: Pharmacological and Chemical Perspectives.- Chapter 42. Immunomodulators and Phyto Drugs.- Chapter 43. Combined Effects of Plant Extracts on Ovarian Cell Functioning.- Chapter 44. Pterocarpussantalinus: A Wonder Gift of Nature.- Chapter 45. Phytochemicals And Investigations On Traditionally Used Medicinal Mushrooms.- Chapter 46. A Review On Investigational Studies Of Marine Macroalgae Spogomorpha Indica L.- Chapter 47. Validation of Traditional Claim of Oxalis debilis Kunth., An Ethnomedicinal Plant from North-eastern Region of India.- Chapter 48. Traditional Herbal Medicine Practiced in Plateau-Fringe and Rarh Districts of West Bengal, India.- Chapter 49. Pharmacology and Mechanisms of Natural Medicine in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 50. Indian Traditional Herbs and Alzheimer’s Disease: Integrating Ethnobotany and Phytotherapy.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines applications of multi-omics approaches for understanding disease etiology, pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions. It also analyzes the genetics, immunological and metabolic mechanisms underlying the infections. The book also explores genomics, transcriptomics, translational-omics, and metabolomics approaches to understand the pathogenesis and identify potential drug targets. It reviews the role of epigenetic reprogramming in shaping the host-pathogen interactions and presents bioinformatics application in the identification of drug targets. Further, it examines the potential applications of RNA sequencing and non-coding RNA profiling to identify the pathogenesis. Lastly, it offers the current challenges, technological advances, and prospects of using multi-omics technologies in infectious biology.Table of ContentsChapter 1_Genomic Classification of Human Pathogens. –Chapter 2_Metagenomics of Human Microbiome. –Chapter 3_Genomic Landscape of Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Towards Better Diagnosis and Efficient Antiviral Therapies. –Chapter 4_Deciphering the Role of Epigenetic Reprogramming In Host-Pathogen Interactions. –Chapter 5_Applications of Next Generation Sequencing In Infectious Pathogens. –Chapter 6_Bioinformatics Applications in Human Pathogens. –Chapter 7_ Non-Coding RNA Profiling: Potential Application in Infectious Diseases. –Chapter 8_ Microarrays: A Road Map to Uncover Host Pathogen Interactions. –Chapter 9_RNA Sequencing as Strategy to Understand Pathogenesis. –Chapter 10_ Non-Coding RNA as Drug Target against Infectious Diseases. –Chapter 11_ Emerging Transcriptional Approach for Identification of Drug Targets in Human Pathogens. –Chapter 12_ Proteogenomics Applications in Human Pathogens.–Chapter 13_Proteomic Strategies for Understanding Host Pathogen Interactions.–Chapter 14_Antimicrobial and Therapeutic Peptides. –Chapter 15_ Structural Proteomics Guided Design of Antimicrobial Drugs and Vaccines. –Chapter 16_Mechanism of Action of Antimicrobial Agents against Clinically Important Pathogens: A Proteomic Approach. –Chapter 17_Application of Lipidomics in Understanding Host Pathogen Interaction. –Chapter 18_Metabolomics: Advances and Applications In Human Pathogens. –Chapter 19_Host-Pathogen Interactions: Nature Inspired Sialic Acid Based Biointerface Materials. –Chapter 20_Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Nanocargos Affecting Epigenome of Microbial Biofilms. –Chapter 21_Challenges and Prospects in Omics Approach to Pathogens

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Book SynopsisZoonotic diseases pose a serious threat to global health and economy. Domestic and wild birds play crucial roles in transmission and spread of important zoonotic pathogens, with significant implications on human and avian health. Although zoonotic diseases have been extensively studied, information on various aspects of avian zoonotic pathogens have not been revisited or revised to any great extent. This book is a comprehensive and updated compilation of important zoonotic diseases that are transmitted by domestic and wild birds, and consists of 21 chapters that meticulously describe the (i) etiology and evolution, (ii) complex epidemiology, such as migration pathways in context of disease transmission, (iii) pathogenesis, (iv) clinical signs and necropsy findings, (v) diagnostics including latest molecular assays, and (vi) preventative and control strategies, with an emphasis on therapeutics and prophylaxis, of important zoonotic pathogens (bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral) of avian origin in humans and birds. Each chapter is aptly supported by interactive tables and figures, and features an updated reference section. This book aims to create awareness and enlighten students of veterinary and human medicine on the role of birds in zoonoses, and would serve as a useful reference for working veterinarians, human doctors, and public health experts.Table of ContentsChapter 1_Introduction and Objectives.- Chapter 2. Presentation of bird migration.- Chapter 2.1.Taxonomic groups involved with migration.- Chapter 2.2. Evolution.- Chapter 2.3. Route of bird migration.- Chapter 2.4. Adaptations and population-level scale.- Chapter 2.5. Flyways and stop-overs.- Chapter 2.6. Significance in disease transmission.- Chapter 3. Bacterial Diseases.- Chapter 3.1. Campylobacter.- Chapter 3.1.1. Introduction.- Chapter 3.1.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 3.1.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.1.4. Pathogenesis and mode of transmission.- Chapter 3.1.5. Campylobacteriosis in birds.- Chapter 3.1.6. Public health concerns.- Chapter 3.1.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.1.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.2. Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Ornithosis) .- Chapter 3.2.1. Historical background.- Chapter 3.2.2. Etiology and Classification.- Chapter 3.2.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.2.4. Transmission between different birds.- Chapter 3.2.5. Chlamydiosis in Ducks and Geese.- Chapter 3.2.6. Chlamydiosis in human beings.- Chapter 3.2.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.2.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.3. Collibacillosis (E. coli) .- Chapter 3.3.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.3.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 3.3.3. Antigenic structure of E. coli.- Chapter 3.3.4. Virulence associated factors.- Chapter 3.3.5. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.3.6. Escherichia coli ,Wild Birds and the public health concerns.- Chapter 3.3.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.3.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.4. Salmonellosis.- Chapter 3.4.1. Introduction.- Chapter 3.4.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.4.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.4.4. Wild birds as a carrier for Salmonellosis.- Chapter 3.4.5. Modes of transmission and Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.4.6. Salmonellosis and public health concerns.- Chapter 3.4.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.4.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.5. Avian Tuberculosis.- Chapter 3.5.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.5.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.5.2. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.5.3. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.5.4. Mycobacterium in wild birds.- Chapter 3.5.5. Public health concerns to Mycobacteriosis.- Chapter 3.5.6. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.5.7. Treatment and control. .- Chapter 3.6. Lyme Disease (Borrelia spp) .- Chapter 3.6.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.6.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.6.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.6.4. Avian Spirochetosis.- Chapter 3.6.5. Lyme Borreliosis in North America.- Chapter 3.6.6. Lyme Borreliosis in Europe.- Chapter 3.6.7. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.6.8. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.6.9. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.7. Avian Erysipeplas.- Chapter 3.7.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.7.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.7.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.7.4. Public health and animal health concerns.- Chapter 3.7.5. Erysiplothrix impact on the wild birds.- Chapter 3.7.6. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.7.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.7.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.8. Clostridia disease (Avian Botulism) .- Chapter 3.8.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.8.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.8.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.8.4. Public health concerns.- Chapter 3.8.5. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.8.6. Clinical signs and pathology.- Chapter 3.8.7. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.9. Avian Cholera.- Chapter 3.9.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.9.2. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.9.3. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.9.4. Public health and animal health concerns.- Chapter 3.9.5. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.9.6. Impact of P. multocida on the wildlife populations.- Chapter 3.9.7. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.10. Spotted Fever Group of Rickettsiales.- Chapter 3.10.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.10.2. Epizootiology and Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.10.3. Clinical signs and pathology.- Chapter 3.10.4. Public health and animal health concerns.- Chapter 3.10.5. Treatment and control.- Chapter 4. Viral Diseases.- Chapter 4.1. Flaviviruses (West Nile Virus and Japanese encephalitis virus).- Chapter 4.1.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 4.1.2. Etiology.- Chapter 4.1.3. Epizootiology and pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.1.4. Natural Host and Age susceptibility.- Chapter 4.1.5. Mode of transmission and Incubation period.- Chapter 4.1.6. Clinical signs, Necropsy finding and Pathological changes.- Chapter 4.1.7. Disease in human.- Chapter 4.1.8. Prevention and control measures and vaccination protocols.- Chapter 4.2. Togavirus (Western Equine encephalitis virus).- Chapter 4.2.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 4.2.2. Etiology.- Chapter 4.2.3. Epizootiology and pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.2.4. Natural Host and Age susceptibility.- Chapter 4.2.5. Mode of transmission and Incubation period.- Chapter 4.2.6. Clinical signs, Necropsy finding and Pathological changes.- Chapter 4.2.7. Immune response and Diagnosis.- Chapter 4.2.8. Control measures and vaccination protocols.- Chapter 4.3. Avian Influenza.- Chapter 4.3.1. Introduction.- Chapter 4.3.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 4.3.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 4.3.4. Incidence and distribution of AI.- Chapter 4.3.5. Hosts and Host restrictions.- Chapter 4.3.6. Methods of transmission.- Chapter 4.3.7. Public Health Concerns.- Chapter 4.3.8. AI impact on the wild life population.- Chapter 4.3.9. Domestic animal concerns regarding AI.- Chapter 4.3.10. Clinical signs.- Chapter 4.3.11. Treatment and control.- Chapter 4.4. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and other avian paramyxoviruses.- Chapter 4.4.1. Introduction, Synonyms, and Historical background.- Chapter 4.4.2. Etiology and strain classification.- Chapter 4.4.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 4.4.4. Geographical distribution and incidence of the NDV.- Chapter 4.4.5. NDV modes of spread.- Chapter 4.4.6.NDV Public Health Concerns.- Chapter 4.4.7. Clinical signs.- Chapter 4.4.8. Necropsy findings.- Chapter 4.4.9. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.4.10. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 4.4.11. Treatment and control.- Chapter 4.5. Circovirus.- Chapter 4.5.1. Introduction.- Chapter 4.5.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 4.5.3. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease.- Chapter 4.5.4. Historical background and introduction.- Chapter 4.5.5. Epizootiology and modes of transmission.- Chapter 4.5.6. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.5.7. Public health and animal health concerns.- Chapter 4.5.8. Goose and Duck Circoviruses.- Chapter 4.5.9. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 4.6. Rotavirus.- Chapter 4.6.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 4.6.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 4.6.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 4.6.4. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.6.5. Clinical signs and pathology.- Chapter 4.6.6. Control measures.- Chapter 4.7. Usutu virus.- Chapter 4.7.1 Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 4.7.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 4.7.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 4.7.4. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.7.5. Clinical signs and pathology.- Chapter 4.7.6. Diagnosis.- Chapter 4.7.7. Control measures.- Chapter 5. Parasitic diseases.- Chapter 5. Cryptosporidiosis.- Chapter 5.1. Introduction.- Chapter 5.1.1. Epizootiology.- Chapter 5.1.2. Modes of transmission.- Chapter 5.1.3. Prevalence of the cryptosporidiosis.- Chapter 5.1.4. Cryptosporidiosis in Canada Geese.- Chapter 5.1.5. Pathogenesis and Cryptosporidiosis in human beings.- Chapter 5.1.6. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 5.1.7. Treatment and control.- Chapter 5.2. Giardiasis.- Chapter 5.2.1. Introduction.- Chapter 5.2.2. Epizootiology.- Chapter 5.2.3. Mode of transmission.- Chapter 5.2.4. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 5.2.5. Giardiasis and Canada Goose.- Chapter 5.2.6 Giardiasis in human beings.- Chapter 5.2.7. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 5.2.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 5.3. Role of birds in tick-borne diseases .- Chapter 5.3.1. Introduction.- Chapter 5.3.2. Epizootiology and Mode of transmission.- Chapter 5.3.3. Tick-borne diseases.- Chapter 5.3.4. CCHF and Dermanyssus gallinae.- Chapter 5.3.5. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 5.3.6. Treatment and control.- Chapter 6. Mycotic Diseases.- Chapter 6.1. Aspergillosis- Chapter 6.1.1. Introduction and Historical background- Chapter 6.1.2. Epizootiology- Chapter 6.1.3. Mode of transmission- Chapter 6.1.4. Pathogenesis- Chapter 6.1.5. Public health and animal health concerns- Chapter 6.1.6. Clinical signs and necropsy findings- Chapter 6.1.7. Diagnosis and Control measures- Chapter 6.1.8. Treatment and control- Chapter 6.2. Dermatophytosis (Favus) - Chapter 6.3. Dactylariosis- Chapter 6.4. Histoplasmosis- Chapter 6.5. Cryptococcosis. - Chapter 6.6. Role of birds as vectors of fluke worms (Trichobilharzia szidati) - Chapter 7. Sporadic diseases affecting wild birds and of non-zoonotic importance- Chapter 7.1. Mycoplsmosis- Chapter 7.2. Ornithobacterium rhinotraheale- Chapter 7.3. Avian Herpesvirus- Chapter 7.4. Avian Pox- Chapter 7.5 Avian adenoviruses- Chapter 7.6. Retrovirus infections- Chapter 7.7. Paplomaviruses and Polyomaviruses.- Chapter 8. Conclusions.- Chapter 9. Glossary- Chapter 10. List of abbreviations- Chapter 11. References.

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Book SynopsisThe fourth edition of Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology is an extensively revised edition , a healthy mixture of the old and the new contents. Many of the old traditional chapters have been retained with addition of new information along with the inclusion of new chapters more in line with the on-going changes in the syllabus and concepts in Medical Microbiology .While doing so, this book has blended the traditional organism-based learning and a syndrome based approach to infectious disease, together with the introduction of new and modified chapters incorporating the latest information in this field. The book provides an extensive coverage of fundamental topics in general and medical microbiology. The book also lays due emphasis on clinical microbiology with special focus on syndrome based approach to infectious diseases. It includes the basic concepts of microbiology as well as the recent updates and developments in the field of medical microbiology. All the topics havebeen incorporated in seven major sections: General microbiology, Immunology, Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, and Applied and Clinical Microbiology. The dynamic nature of medical sciences with new guidelines and new diagnostic methods coming into the arena necessitates the incorporation of new information in each new edition of a book. This facet has been addressed with the inclusion of recent information on the various aspects of microbiology, infectious diseases and immunology, in the fourth edition of the Textbook of Microbiology andImmunology ,which makes it one of the most authoritative and informative textbooks in medical microbiology. The book is an effort to inform and engage a wide spectrum of readers including medical students , both undergraduates and postgraduates, and residents, and faculty. It aims to be a must-have companion book for graduate and advanced undergraduate as well as postgraduate students of medical microbiology, general and allied microbiology, and of immunology.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers state-of-the-art topics covering evidences indicate that the gut microbiota can be harnessed for cancer prevention as well as to modulate the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This book includes: 1) characterization of the dysregulated microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers (Chapters 1-6); 2) the molecular mechanism of action of gut microbiota via microbial metabolites and direct interaction with host cancer or immune cells (Chapters 7-11); 3) key methodologies for studying the role of gut microbiota in cancers (Chapters 12-13); and 4) the potential application of gut microbes for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers (Chapters 14-17). The contributors are international experts in molecular and cellular biology, microbiology, metabolomics, bioinformatics and physician scientists to provide in-depth reviews of this subject. This book provides a rich resource of information on this important topic for graduate students, basic researchers and physicians.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Gut microbiome in health and diseases.- Microbiome in colorectal cancer.- Microbiome in gastric cancer.- Microbiome in liver cancer.- Virus, fungi and archaea in gastrointestinal cancer.- Microbial metabolomics in gastrointestinal cancer.- Diet and gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancer.- Diet and gut microbiome in fatty liver and its associated liver cancer.- Host-microbiome interaction in gastrointestinal cancer.- Gut microbiome and immune responses in gastrointestinal cancer.- Animal models in the study of microbiome in gastrointestinal cancer.- High-throughput sequencing data analyses for microbiome profiling.- Gut microbiota modulation: probiotics and prebiotics in gastrointestinal cancer.- Roles of gut microbiota in efficacy of anticancer treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.- Targeting gut microbiota to treat gastrointestinal cancer.

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Book SynopsisThis book tells the story of the discovery of microRNA (miRNA) quantum code, the basic theory of biological data science for medical investigation with miRNA, to its implementation. It explains the use of a new algorithm called the miRNA entangling target sorter (METS), based on the quantum computation algorithm, to give the etiologic analysis for diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and age-related disorders. Providing detailed descriptions to make the METS algorithm simple to grasp, it also explains the accumulated cutting-edged data for human diseases utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) for quantum miRNA language (miRNA qubit) (MIRAI). Further, it describes a discovery story for quantum miRNA surveillance against tumors and quantum miRNA immunity against viruses. Since this is a multidisciplinary field of study, crucial details on physics, mathematics, computer science, data science, virology, immunology, oncology, pathology, and biology are supplied.This book will support professional advancement for scientists, clinicians, educators, students, and science enthusiasts. The reader's knowledge of the subject and its practical medical applications will be enriched by the wealth of informative figures and supporting data.Table of ContentsRNA Controls RNA.- MicroRNA Qubit.- Matrix Multiplication for MicroRNA Qubit.- MicroRNA Quantum Computing.- Vital METS/MIRAI.- Etiologic Analysis for Human cancer.- Encounter with the unknown.- Diabetes Mellitus: Quantum microRNA Language with Artificial Intelligence (MIRAI) as an Early Diagnostic Tool for Type II Diabetes Mellitus for Sustainable Healthcare.- Thyroid Cancer: Quantum microRNA Language/Artificial Intelligence (MIRAI)-Based Etiologic Analysis of Thyroid Cancer by Serum/Plasma miRNA Panel Data.- Metabolic Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease.- Quantum MiRNA Immunity and Quantum MiRNA Surveillance.- Quantum MiRNA code.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a detailed overview of the progress and challenges of non-traditional approaches for tackling antimicrobial resistance. The first chapter covers the factors that make microbes more likely to develop multidrug resistance. The book goes on to discuss the antimicrobial properties of propolis, essential oils and other microbial constituents that are used or under investigation to treat multidrug-resistant infections. Additionally, it covers alternative compounds that work as antimicrobial agents, their mechanisms of action, and how they might be utilized in conjunction with conventional drugs to circumvent drug resistance. The book explores the application of phage therapy and recent advancements in phage-based infection control with an emphasis on multidrug-resistant infections and discusses drug repurposing as a strategy to develop new antimicrobial agents efficiently and expeditiously. Additionally, it discusses the uses of nanoparticles in the treatment of infections brought on by multidrug-resistant pathogens and examines the use of different nanotechnology-based approaches to fudge microbial resistance mechanisms. It concludes by reviewing recent studies on microbial quorum-sensing systems and focuses on the significance of quorum-sensing systems in controlling microbial resistance mechanisms and at the same time highlights the importance and role of antimicrobial stewardship program to fight microbial infections. The book is an invaluable source of knowledge and information for academics, basic and clinical researchers, clinicians, and paramedic staff involved in one way or the other in the development and use of antimicrobial agents and strategies to combat multidrug resistance.​Table of ContentsChapter 1. Recent Strategies to Combat Multi-drug Resistance.- Chapter 2. Role of advanced therapeutic techniques to combat multi-drug resistance.- Chapter 3. Strategies to combat multidrug resistance by non-traditional therapeutic approaches.- Chapter 4. Treatment Strategies to Combat Multi-drug Resistance (MDR) in Bacteria.- Chapter 5. Alternative therapy options for pathogenic yeasts: Targeting virulence factors with non-conventional antifungals.- Chapter 6. Role of Bacteriophages as non-traditional approaches to combat multidrug resistance.- Chapter 7. Drug Repurposing: An Approach for Reducing Multi Drug Resistance.- Chapter 8. Quorum Sensing as an alternative approach to combatting multidrug resistance.- Chapter 9. Nanoengineering approaches to fight multidrug resistant bacteria.- Chapter 10. Quorum sensing mediated targeted delivery of antibiotics. Chapter 11. Metal chelation as a promising strategy to combat fungal drug resistance.- Chapter 12. Propolis: Natural Antibiotic to Combat Multi Drug-Resistant Bacteria.- Chapter 13. Therapeutic potential of Himalayan Ayurvedic herbs against multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens.- Chapter 14. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme: Why is it needed?.

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Book SynopsisViruses are the causes of approximately 25% of human cancers. Due to their importance in carcinogenesis, there is a desperate need for a book that discusses these viruses. This book is therefore timely, providing a comprehensive review of the molecular biology of oncogenic viruses and the cancers they cause. Viruses that are discussed in the individual chapters include hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma virus and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1.This book provides up-to-date information for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, medical students, physicians and non-experts who are interested in learning more about the oncogenic viruses and how they cause human cancers.Table of ContentsViruses and Cellular Transformation; Hepatitis B Virus; Hepatitis C Virus; Human Papilloma Viruses; Epstein-Barr Virus; Kaposi's Sarcoma Virus; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first comprehensive book on human/animal gene responses to RNA viral infections, including prevalent, emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses such as HIV, SARS-CoV, West Nile virus, influenza virus and many others. Human gene responses are reviewed by leading virologists worldwide in the following aspects: (i) the altered gene expression profiles at the transcriptional and translational levels detected with cutting-edge technologies such as cDNA microarray and proteomics; (ii) host innate and adapted immune responses to viral replication in target organs; (iii) virus-activated signal transduction pathways in cell survival, apoptosis and autophagosomal pathways; and (iv) the small interfering RNA/microRNA-mediated gene silencing pathway, a recently characterized new host defense mechanism against viral infection.Organized into 27 highly accessible and well-illustrated chapters, this volume explores state-of-the-art knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of RNA virus infection and host-virus interactions. This comprehensive compilation of the altered gene expression profiles and signal transduction pathways in host cells in response to the majority of human/animal RNA viruses opens new directions for basic and clinical research on viral pathogenesis, and also provides valuable biomarkers for researchers to select gene targets in the development of diagnostic tests and antiviral therapeutics for a number of infectious diseases.Table of ContentsRetrovirus: Efforts to Characterize Host Response to HIV-1 Infection (M Montano & P Sebastiani); Host Immune Responses in HIV Infection (R D Allison & S Kottilil); Negative Single-Stranded RNA Virus: Host Immune Response to Influenza Virus (T M Moran & C B Lopez); Innate Recognition of Viral Infection and the Involvement of Autophagy (B Ramanathan & A Iwasaki); Hantavirus Infection and Innate Immunity (N Sen et al.); Positive Single-Stranded RNA Virus: Impact of Filovirus Infection upon Cellular Signaling Pathways (C F Basler); Host Signaling Responses to Coxsackievirus Infection (G Gao et al.); Double-Stranded RNA Virus: Host Signaling Responses to Reovirus Infection (D Pan et al.); Rotavirus Antagonism of the Host Innate Immune Response (J T Patton & M Barro); and other papers.

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Book SynopsisMicrobial infections have been and continue to be a major threat to public health. China has a huge population, among which, microbial infections are of great concern. The Journal of Microbes and Infection, a nationwide journal in China with over 4000 subscriptions, publishes original research articles on microbes and infections in the Chinese language. This book contains selected research articles published in this journal from 2006 to 2007 that have been translated into English, and offers a glimpse of a broad range of microbial infections including the clinical and epidemiological aspects of various viral infections, current status of bacterial infections in hospitals, and severe cases of fungal infections. This book provides a rare opportunity for scientists and physicians abroad to see the completely original research data, rather than just the abstract, based on studies conducted in modern China. Articles on molecular biological and bioinformatic studies are also included. An overview of the recent research trend in medical microbiology and infectious diseases in China will be presented as well. Scientists and physicians working in the fields of virology, microbiology, immunology, epidemiology, vaccinology, and infectious diseases will find the articles in this book fascinating and relevant to their own research and practice.Table of ContentsViruses and Viral Infections: Influenza; Measles; Viral Hepatitis; HIV; Coxsackie Virus Infections; Avian Flu; HCMV; Mumps; Bacteria and Bacterial Infections: TB; Other Mycobacteria; Streptococcus suis; Brucellosis; Mycoplasma Urea; Leptospira; Fungi and Fungal Infections: Cryptococcus; Aspergillus.

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Book SynopsisHuman adenoviruses play a central role in human diseases and as vectors for vaccines and gene delivery. This monograph describes the underlying principles of adenovirus molecular and structural biology, pathogenesis, antiviral measures and vector development. Much of the history of this virus and the many contributions made by its study are embedded in these discussions. Topics and questions that require further investigation are also considered.Although current virology textbooks cover topics related to adenoviruses, this book provides a comprehensive description of the virus and its interactions with the host. Students and researchers with a particular interest in adenoviruses, gene therapists, and virologists interested in viral pathogenesis will benefit from this book, which presents a unique integration of the basics with applied research in the field.Table of ContentsA Short History; Structure of Virus Particles; Cell Attachment and Entry; ntracellular Trafficking; Organization and Expression of the Genome; Genome Replication; Assembly and Maturation of Progeny Virus Particles; Pathogenesis; Anti-Viral Defenses; Antivirals; Therapeutic Applications;

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Book SynopsisThere are three major types of human retroviruses, namely HIV, HTLV, and endogenous human retroviruses. This book presents the latest findings on the replication of these human retroviruses. This book is unique in that there has been no comparable book that integrates the findings from the three known classes of human retroviruses. Other books have focused on one of the three classes of human retroviruses individually.An accomplished international team of contributing authors have combined their expertise to provide cutting-edge findings in this important field. The book will be a valuable reference for students, researchers and medical professionals.Table of ContentsThe Role of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Retroviral Pathogenesis (P Banerjee et al.); Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1, Cellular Transformation, and Adult T Cell Leukemia (J Yasunaga & K-T Jeang); Application of Proteomics to HTLV-1: Understanding Pathogenesis and Enhancing Diagnostics (O J Semmes et al.); Antisense Transcription in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1: Discovery of a New Viral Gene (B Barbeau et al.); Regulation of HTLV-1 Transcription by Viral and Cellular Proteins (N Polakowski & I Lemasson); Cellular Factors Involved in HIV-1 RNA Transport (C Williams et al.); Integration Site Selection by Retroviruses and Retroviral Vectors (C Cattoglio & F Mavilio); Syncytins in Normal and Pathological Placentas (A Malassine et al.); Vpu, Tetherin and Innate Immunity: Antiviral Restriction of Retroviral Particle Release (S J D Neil); Retrovirus Replication: New Perspectives on Enzyme and Substrate Dynamics (J W Rausch et al.); Non-Human Primates in HIV-1 Research (W M J M Bogers); Lentiviral Integration and the Role of the Cellular Cofactors LEDGF/P75 and Transportin-SR2 (B Van Heertum et al.); Retrovirus Restriction Factors (R S Harris et al.); Rev Revisited: Additional Functions of the HIV-1 Rev Protein (B Grewe & K A berla); HIV-1 Interactions with Small RNA Induced Silencing Mechanisms (J Haasnoot & B Berkhout);

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Book SynopsisThis book contains a series of review chapters from the world's leaders in herpesvirus research. It is designed as a tribute to the famous virologist Prof Bernard Roizman. Former trainees of Prof Roizman were invited to contribute to this volume. The chapters cover all eight of the human herpesviruses, and the topics discussed span the past six decades of this exciting research field.Table of ContentsThe HSV-2 Gene ICP10PK: A Future in the Therapy of Neurodegeneration (Laure Aurelian); What Doesn't Belong and Why: A Saga of Latency Associated Proteins Elaborated by Varicella Zoster Virus (Matthew S Walters, Christos A Kyratsous, Christina L Stallings, Octavian Lungu and Saul J Silverstein); Selected Aspects of Herpesvirus DNA Replication, Cleavage/Packaging and the Development and Use of Viral Amplicon Vectors (Niza Frenkel, Ronen Borenstein and Haim Zeigerman); Chromatin Structure of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Genome During Lytic and Latent Infection (Anna R Cliffe and David M Knipe); The Proboscivirus Genus: Hemorrhagic Disease Caused by Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses (Jian-Chao Zong, Erin Latimer, Sarah Y Heaggans, Laura K Richman and Gary S Hayward); A Molecular Mass Gradient is the Key Parameter of the Genetic Code Organization (Felix Filatov); From Latent Herpes Viruses to Persistent Bornavirus Dedicated to Bernard Roizman (Hanns Ludwig and Liv Bode); Virus Infections and Development of Cervical Cancer (Bodil Norrild); Cytomegalovirus Control of Cell Death Pathways (A Louise McCormick and Edward S Mocarski); Herpesviruses as Oncolytic Agents (Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume, Laura Menotti, Grace Zhou, Carla De Giovanni, Patrizia Nanni and Pier Luigi Lollini; Role of Cellular MicroRNAs During Human Cytomegalovirus Infection (Kavitha Dhuruvasan, Geetha Sivasubramanian and Philip E Pellett); Burkitt's Lymphoma and EBV - The Role of LMP2A (Kathryn T Bieging and Richard Longnecker); Replicative Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors for Therapy of Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disease (Veijo Hukkanen, Michaela Nygardas and Eeva Broberg); The Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Packaging Machine (Joel D Baines); Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation: Role of the Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein (PTB) and Associated Factors (Maria Grazia Romanelli and Erica Diani); Nucleotidylation to Oncoapoptosis (John A Blaho, Martine Aubert, Kathy Bae, Brooke Baker, Jenny Balderama, Renee Baranin, Monica Bhanot, Amanda Blouin, Robert N Bowles, Isabella Chi, F Natalie W Chirimuuta, Christopher R Cotter, Elisabeth Gennis, Laura Gillim, Margot L Goodkin, Kristin Ingvarsdottir, Andrea E Ireland, Leah Kang, Surinder Kaul, Anna Kotsakis, Rachel M Kraft, Renzo C Lambardozzi, Maria R Lopez, Fatima Manzoor, Kerryn A Mortimer, Elise R Morton, Marie L Nguyen, Jennifer M O'Toole, Jason Paragas, Kristen C Pena, Lisa E Pomeranz, Deleen Sabbah, Christine M Sanfilippo, Louis R Serico, Elisabeth F M Schlegel, Chintal Shah, Cecylia Stabrawa, Dennis Vega, Sandra Winstersteller, Jamie C Yedowitz and C Susan Zong); Geographic Distribution and High Frequency of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 BgKL Variant in Orolabial/Cutaneous Infections: The HSV-1 Variant Dispersion-Replacement Model (Kazuo Yanagi); Virucidal Ability of Arginine and Its Possible Application as an Antiherpetic Agent (Keiko Ikeda, Hisashi Yamasaki, Sawako Minami, Takeshi Naito, Hiroshi Irie, Tsutomu Arakawa and A Hajime Koyama); Genetic Analyses of Human Cytomegalovirus Towne Strain by Deletion Mutagenesis (Edward Yang, Paul J Rider and Fenyong Liu); Angiogenic and Oncogenic Alterations of Endothelial Cells by KSHV (Valerie A Morris, Terri Dimaio, Almira S Punjabi and Michael Lagunoff); Decoding Neural Circuitry with Optogenetics: Applications for Epilepsy (Philip Barish, Svetlana Kantorovich, Paul Carney and William Ogle); From Psychosocial Stress to Herpes Simplex Infection: A Sequence of Coordinated Events Regulated in a Cascade Fashion (Rosario Leopardi and Alessandro Bartolomucci); Herpes Simplex Viruses and Interferon Responses (Yijie Ma and Bin He); Herpes Virus Genes and Gene Regulation: Insights from Systems Biology (Joanne Trgovcich); Viral Manipulation of Cellular Metabolic Signal Transduction Pathways (Joshua Munger); How Herpesviruses and Cells Tussle to Control Autophagy (Audrey Esclatine); Epilogue - Kovler Poems (Susanna Rudofsky).

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Book SynopsisEmerging diseases are a major threat to modern societies, impacting individual welfare as well as economic development. The trend of newly emerging diseases has accelerated in the last two decades to such an extent that a new emerging infection is described at least once a year.The majority of such threats to modern society have been due to emergent viruses. This series of lecture notes provides grounding in understanding the drivers of disease emergence, the molecular processes which allow for virus diversity, the response of the host and environmental factors responsible for changing the balance between host and pathogen. Groups of viruses are described, each selected to illustrate certain features of disease emergence. These examples best illustrate how from past experience we may best be able to predict future outbreaks of novel diseases.Expecting the unexpected is a major challenge for health care personnel and public health officials alike, and the stakes have never been higher. As such, this book provides a timely overview of how best to prepare for disease emergence as it intends to increase awareness of how vulnerable modern society is in preparedness for such events.Table of ContentsOverview; Drivers of Virus Emergence; Molecular Basis of Virus Emergence; Influenza Viruses; SARS and Other Coronaviruses; Henipaviruses; Rabies and Other Lyssaviruses; Filoviruses; Arenaviruses; Bunyaviruses; Chikungunya Virus; Flaviviruses; Hepatitis E Virus; Future Challenges.

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Book SynopsisRhabdoviruses and Filoviruses are single-stranded, non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, many of which cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Certain members of these virus families have been used as excellent model systems to understand the molecular biology of replication, host responses to infections, and viral countermeasures. Rhabdoviruses have also been used as vaccine vectors as well as oncolytic agents.Studies on Filoviruses have now provided significant insights into how they enter susceptible cells, replicate and cause disease, and also how they evade the host's immune mechanisms. This book addresses the most recent findings on Rhabdovirus and Filovirus structure, replication mechanisms, host cell responses to virus infections and viral countermeasures. Chapters on emerging viruses as well as approaches for therapeutic interventions have also been included.This book represents an authoritative text that brings together the most recent advances on the cellular and molecular biology of Rhabdo- and Filoviruses, including mechanisms of pathogenesis.Table of ContentsOverview of Rhabdo- and Filoviruses (Asit K Pattnaik & Michael A.Whitt); Rhabdovirus Structure (Ming Luo); The Pathway of VSV Entry into Cells (Shem Johnson & Jean Gruenberg); Rhabdovirus Glycoproteins (Yves Gaudin & Michael A Whitt); VSV RNA Transcription and Replication (Jacques Perrault); Host Cell Functions in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication (Phat X Dinh, Anshuman Das, & Asit K.Pattnaik); Cytopathogenesis of Rhabdoviruses (Douglas S Lyles); Assembly and Budding of Rhabdo- and Filoviruses (Ziying Han & Ronald N Harty); Rhabdoviruses as Vaccine Vectors: From Initial Development to Clinical Trials (John K Rose & David K Clarke); Oncolytic Rhabdoviruses (Nicole E Forbes and John C Bell); Use of Rhabdoviruses to Study Neural Circuitry (Melanie Ginger, Guillaume Bony, Matthias Haberl & Andreas Frick); Evolution of Rhabdo- and Filoviruses (Isabel S Novella, John B Presloid & R Travis Taylor); Emerging Rhabdoviruses (Imke Steffen & Graham Simmons); Rabies Virus Replication and Pathogenesis (Andrew W Hudacek & Matthias J Schnell); Activation and Evasion of Innate Immune Response by Rhabdoviruses (Karl-Klaus Conzelmann); Rabies Virus Vaccines (Ying Huang, Clement W Gnanadurai & Zhen F Fu); Filovirus Structure and Morphogenesis (Timothy F Booth, Daniel Beniac, Melissa Rabb, & Lindsey Lamboo); Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Filovirus Infections (Logan Banadyga & Hideki Ebihara); Filovirus Entry into Susceptible Cells (Rohit K Jangra, Eva Mittler & Kartik Chandran); Filovirus Transcription & Replication (Kristina Brauburger, Laure R Deflube & Elke Muhlberger); Innate Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Filoviruses (Christopher F Basler, Gaya K Amarasinghe & Daisy W Leung); Vaccines and Antivirals for Filoviruses (Chad E Mire & Thomas W Geisbe);

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Book SynopsisSelected as CHOICE magazine's Outstanding Academic Title, January 2017.The book is a narrative of the unfolding of the Ebola virus disease outbreak from a scientific view point. The author provides an analysis of the scientific basis of public health policies that have influenced the public's, and the medical community's, abilities to understand the virus and the disease. This is done in the context of providing insights into the biology of the virus, and exploring open questions, including its likely modes of transmission. The author has included citations from the scientific literature and the press, as well as quotes from expert interviews. The book will help sort out the fact from fiction, given the confusion that arose after the virus arrived in the US. The author used his objective research skills and knowledge of evolutionary genetics and molecular biology to find out what was known, and what questions remained unanswered, and even what questions remained unasked.Written in an accessible style, it is intended for the educated general public, scientists, policy makers, health care workers, and politicians. It delves into the problems of trying to derive a logic-based understanding of a highly lethal emerging disease in 2014, when research funding cuts have gutted research institutions, and when public health institutions really were woefully unprepared. It is a highly distinct narrative analysis that is sure to stimulate new research and thinking in public policy. It will inform thousands of people of the nature of the virus, how it works, in terms they are likely to be able to understand. It will allow others to rapidly catch up with the story of Ebola.Table of ContentsOrigins of the Epidemic; How Well Do We Understand the 2014 Ebolavirus?; Ways in Which Ebola 2014 May Differ from Past Outbreaks: Evolution of Viral Phenotypes; Biological Knowledge and Ebola Policy; "How Cruel is That?"; With Blinded Eyes; Are We Asking the Right Questions and Solving All the Right Problem(s)?; Evolution is Real, or, Deadly Consequences of Dogma; Promising Treatments; Policy Analysis; A Rational Analysis of Irrational Decisions, or Don't Fear the Reaper;

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Book SynopsisSelected as CHOICE magazine's Outstanding Academic Title, January 2017.The book is a narrative of the unfolding of the Ebola virus disease outbreak from a scientific view point. The author provides an analysis of the scientific basis of public health policies that have influenced the public's, and the medical community's, abilities to understand the virus and the disease. This is done in the context of providing insights into the biology of the virus, and exploring open questions, including its likely modes of transmission. The author has included citations from the scientific literature and the press, as well as quotes from expert interviews. The book will help sort out the fact from fiction, given the confusion that arose after the virus arrived in the US. The author used his objective research skills and knowledge of evolutionary genetics and molecular biology to find out what was known, and what questions remained unanswered, and even what questions remained unasked.Written in an accessible style, it is intended for the educated general public, scientists, policy makers, health care workers, and politicians. It delves into the problems of trying to derive a logic-based understanding of a highly lethal emerging disease in 2014, when research funding cuts have gutted research institutions, and when public health institutions really were woefully unprepared. It is a highly distinct narrative analysis that is sure to stimulate new research and thinking in public policy. It will inform thousands of people of the nature of the virus, how it works, in terms they are likely to be able to understand. It will allow others to rapidly catch up with the story of Ebola.Table of ContentsOrigins of the Epidemic; How Well Do We Understand the 2014 Ebolavirus?; Ways in Which Ebola 2014 May Differ from Past Outbreaks: Evolution of Viral Phenotypes; Biological Knowledge and Ebola Policy; "How Cruel is That?"; With Blinded Eyes; Are We Asking the Right Questions and Solving All the Right Problem(s)?; Evolution is Real, or, Deadly Consequences of Dogma; Promising Treatments; Policy Analysis; A Rational Analysis of Irrational Decisions, or Don't Fear the Reaper;

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Book SynopsisChapter 1 Case Study on Malaria Surveillance and Response: Implementation of the 1-3-7 Strategy in Jiangsu Province, China.- Chapter 2 Malaria along international border in Yunnan of China, 2003-2020: a case study of border malaria control and elimination.- Chapter 3 The Three-Layer Strategy (TLS) Promoted Malaria Elimination Among Forest Goers in Hainan Province.- Chapter 4 How to Ensure the Effect of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) on the Control of Plasmodium vivax Malaria.- Chapter 5 Bacterial larvicides contribute to the control of malaria outbreaks.- Chapter 6 Discovery History of Artemisinin.- Chapter 7: International Promotion of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies.

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Book SynopsisThe groundbreaking science behind the surprising source of good health Stanford University’s Justin and Erica Sonnenburg are pioneers in the most exciting and potentially transformative field of human health and wellness, the study of the relationship between our bodies and the trillions of organisms representing thousands of species to which our bodies play host, the microbes we call the microbiota. The Sonnenburgs argue that the microbiota determines in no small part whether we’re sick or healthy, fit or obese, sunny or moody—and that the microbiota has always been with us, coevolving with humans and entwining its functions with ours. They show us that humans are really composite organisms with microbial and human parts. But now, because of changes to diet, antibiotic over-use, and over-sterilization, our gut microbiota is facing a “mass extinction event,” which may explain the mysterious spike in some of our most troubling modern afflicti

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